Marriott International, Inc.
2018 Annual Report
Tour our interactive Annual Report at https://marriott.gcs-web.com/
Letter to Shareholders
Arne M. Sorenson
President and Chief Executive Officer
J.W. Marriott Jr.
Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board
2018 was a pivotal year for Marriott International
as we focused on successfully completing the sig-
nificant work of the integration of Starwood Hotels
& Resorts while also delivering exceptional results.
The strategy behind the merger was realized in
numerous ways this year, including improved cost
efficiencies for our hotel owners, higher guest
satisfaction and a more valuable loyalty program
that will be a key to our future growth.
we have enhanced guest satisfaction by applying
Marriott’s deep operational know-how to legacy-
Starwood hotels. Operational costs for both
legacy-Marriott and legacy-Starwood hotels were
reduced as we captured synergy cost savings at
properties, reduced loyalty program charge-out
rates across the system and realized procurement
savings. We also meaningfully lowered general
and administrative expenses.
Since we closed on the acquisition in September
2016, we have worked diligently to integrate
Starwood’s operations, sales, marketing, hotel
development and finance organizations and sys-
tems. That work is now largely done. As a result,
In August, we unified our three loyalty brands
into one program and then in February 2019, we
introduced the Marriott BonvoyTM name, replacing
Marriott Rewards,® The Ritz-Carlton Rewards® and
Starwood Preferred Guest® (SPG). Marriott Bonvoy
i
is a travel program offering members a global
portfolio of extraordinary hotel brands, unforgetta-
ble experiences on Marriott Bonvoy Moments and
rich benefits. Taken together with our powerful co-
branded credit cards, Marriott Bonvoy is a critical
differentiator, offering members unprecedented
choices, opportunities and inspiration to travel
and, for our owners, outstanding performance.
Our Integration
The Starwood transaction is unlocking tre-
mendous value for our customers, owners and
shareholders. As one of the largest transactions
ever in the hospitality industry, integration into
one unified company has been an understandably
complex process. While Marriott and Starwood
were both hospitality companies, the back-end
systems that supported our businesses — such as
property management, reservations and loyalty
systems — were very different.
The integration of our loyalty programs involved
the creation or update of 1.5 million property
webpages and the migration of large numbers
of member data records. Following the cutover
to the new system, some loyalty members dis-
covered errors in their online statements, and we
experienced unexpectedly high customer service
call volumes as we reconciled these issues. Call
volume has returned to normal.
At the end of November, we disclosed a data
security incident involving the legacy-Starwood
guest reservation system that involved an esti-
mated 383 million guest records. Upon discovery,
we coordinated closely with law enforcement
authorities, quickly notified our guests, set up an
extensive support system to help address issues
with customers and finalized the transition to
Marriott’s new, unified reservation system. We also
accelerated planned enhancements to our infor-
mation technology systems and security.
Marriott is a company that prides itself on taking
care of our guests in every aspect of their stay. In
these events, we did not meet the high standards
that our guests expect and deserve. We deeply
regret these incidents. Our management team
and board are focused on both resolving any
remaining concerns and, more importantly, ensur-
ing that in the future we continue to exemplify the
Marriott standard of excellence.
Our Numbers
In 2018, we produced terrific financial results.
Full year 2018 adjusted diluted earnings per
share totaled $6.21, a 48 percent increase over
2017 adjusted results. Full year 2018 adjusted net
income totaled $2.2 billion, a 38 percent increase
over prior year adjusted results.*
Systemwide constant dollar revenue per available
room (RevPAR) increased 2.6 percent worldwide in
full year 2018 and operating margins for company-
operated hotels rose 40 basis points. Together
with owners and franchisees, we opened nearly
500 hotels in 2018, our highest number ever in a
single year. That’s more than 80,000 rooms, more
than 85 percent of which were new construc-
tion or adaptive reuse. We expanded our global
footprint to more than 1.3 million rooms in 130
countries and territories. Last year, Marriott brands
debuted in Finland, New Zealand, Lithuania, Mali
and Ukraine.
Positioned to Win
The Starwood acquisition enhanced Marriott’s
already significant competitive advantages, posi-
tioning us for long-term success. The strength of
our portfolio is defined by our 30 distinct brands
across more than 6,900 properties, providing an
option for every traveler and travel occasion.
Marriott Bonvoy members now earn, on average,
20 percent more points per dollar spent with the
*Adjusted results exclude merger-related costs and charges, cost reimbursement revenue, reimbursed expenses, the provisional tax
charge resulting from the enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, and the gain on the disposition of the company’s ownership
interest in Avendra. Please see page 99 for further information on these financial measures, including a reconciliation of adjusted financial
measures to the corresponding generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) measures.
ii
integration of our three loyalty programs. During
2018, we added, on average, 1.5 million members
per month, reaching nearly 125 million members
at year-end. Our members are highly engaged.
In 2018, reward redemptions increased 8 percent
year-over-year and room nights sold to members
increased 6 percent, both reaching record levels.
Marriott Bonvoy members contributed roughly
half of our room nights in 2018.
Of course, we are committed to continually driv-
ing preference for our brands. Marriott’s outstand-
ing operating strength and commitment to service
is improving guest satisfaction. We removed
1.7 percent of rooms in 2018, enhancing overall
system quality, while still growing our system by
nearly 5 percent, net. The number of hotels under-
going renovations under our most significant
brands, Marriott and Sheraton, is accelerating and
delivering significant improvement in economic
returns and intent-to-recommend scores. The
RevPAR index at Marriott Hotels is up 7.2 percent
for renovated hotels in North America twelve
months post renovation, while Sheraton’s global
RevPAR and occupancy indexes both reached
above fair share for the first time in many years.
As a result of the growing number of hotels in our
system, Marriott has increased resources available
for innovation, technology, sales and marketing.
These growing resources position us to compete
better than ever against traditional lodging opera-
tors, as well as non-traditional industry disruptors.
Owners are selecting our flags for new develop-
ment because our brands deliver some of the
highest revenue premiums and owner returns in
the industry. We signed agreements for a record
125,000 rooms in 2018, driving our development
pipeline to more than 478,000 rooms at year-end
2018. According to STR industry data, Marriott
brands represented 7 percent of worldwide
market share of open rooms in 2018 and a remark-
able 20 percent of industry rooms under construc-
tion. Owners not only appreciate the significant
RevPAR premiums of many of our brands, but also
the meaningful property-level profit improvements
from cost synergies and productivity gains we’ve
made in the last few years.
Marriott’s asset-light business model, focused
on managing and franchising the finest brands,
is delivering rising returns on invested capital.
It also provides significant scale and operating
leverage such that modest growth in RevPAR
combined with unit growth translates into sig-
nificant increases in earnings, cash flow and
returns to shareholders. Marriott returned nearly
$3.4 billion to shareholders in share repurchases
and dividends in 2018 and over $7.0 billion since
the acquisition of Starwood.
As we complete the integration of Starwood,
we are truly appreciative of the extraordinary
achievements of our associates throughout the
company who managed both the expected and
unexpected challenges of the integration, while
still taking care of our guests and each other. We
are extremely proud of them.
Our World
As we innovate and grow, we cannot lose sight
of our responsibility to serve the world. Last year,
with the completion of the first full year operating
with our sustainability and social impact platform,
Serve 360: Doing Good in Every Direction, we
made an impact — on our business, the environ-
ment, and the communities where we operate.
We announced plans to remove disposable plastic
straws and stirrers from our properties worldwide
by July 2019, putting us on a path to eventually
eliminate the use of more than 1 billion plastic
straws and a quarter of a billion stirrers per year.
We also announced a plan to replace small toiletry
iii
bottles with larger, in-shower dispensers in many
of our hotels in North America. The move will
enable Marriott to remove more than 35 million
small plastic toiletry bottles from landfills annu-
ally in support of our 45 percent waste-to-landfill
reduction goal set for 2025.
our hotel owners, our shareholders, our associates
and the local neighborhoods where we operate.
We have a legacy we are proud of and a future that
has never been brighter. We are grateful for the
privilege to lead this great company as we strive to
make a lasting, positive difference in the world.
We reached a milestone in combating human
trafficking, a form of modern slavery where
hotels are often on the frontlines. Our mandatory
human trafficking awareness training has reached
500,000 hotel workers globally, empowering
them to recognize and respond to the signs of this
horrific crime. Fostering a safe and welcoming
experience in our hotels is at the heart of our busi-
ness. This training helps us to do just that.
We look forward to welcoming you soon to one of
our properties.
J.W. “Bill” Marriott Jr.
Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board
In Closing
Throughout our rich history, our company has
thrived by creating opportunities — for our guests,
Arne M. Sorenson
President and Chief Executive Officer
iv
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 1-13881
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
10400 Fernwood Road, Bethesda, Maryland
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
52-2055918
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
20817
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code (301) 380-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value
(339,668,839 shares outstanding as of February 20, 2019)
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Chicago Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes
No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to
this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an
emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new
or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
The aggregate market value of shares of common stock held by non-affiliates at June 29, 2018, was $36,386,234,246.
No
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement prepared for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018
Part I.
Page No.
3
9
19
19
21
21
22
23
24
40
41
86
86
87
87
87
87
87
87
91
96
97
Business
Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Part II.
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 8.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information
Part III.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
Item 11.
Item 12.
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Item 13.
Item 14.
Part IV.
Item 15.
Item 16.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary
Signatures
2
Throughout this report, we refer to Marriott International, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,”
“Marriott,” or “the Company.” In order to make this report easier to read, we also refer throughout to (i) our Consolidated
Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income as our “Income
Statements,” (iii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheets,” (iv) our Condensed Consolidated Statements of
Cash Flows as our “Statements of Cash Flows,” (v) our properties, brands, or markets in the United States (“U.S.”) and Canada
as “North America” or “North American,” and (vi) our properties, brands, or markets in our Caribbean and Latin America,
Europe, and Middle East and Africa regions as “Other International,” and together with those in our Asia Pacific segment, as
“International.” In addition, references throughout to numbered “Footnotes” refer to the numbered Notes to our Financial
Statements that we include in the Financial Statements section of this report.
PART I
Item 1. Business.
Corporate Structure and Business
We are a worldwide operator, franchisor, and licensor of hotel, residential, and timeshare properties under numerous
brand names at different price and service points. Consistent with our focus on management, franchising, and licensing, we
own very few of our lodging properties. We were organized as a corporation in Delaware in 1997 and became a public
company in 1998 when we were “spun off” as a separate entity by the company formerly named “Marriott International, Inc.”
We believe that our portfolio of brands, shown in the following table, is the largest and most compelling range of brands
and properties of any lodging company in the world.
We discuss our operations in the following reportable business segments: North American Full-Service, North American
Limited-Service, and Asia Pacific. Our Europe, Middle East and Africa, and Caribbean and Latin America operating segments
do not individually meet the criteria for separate disclosure as reportable segments.
Acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide
On September 23, 2016 (the “Merger Date”), we completed the acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide,
LLC, formerly known as Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (“Starwood”), through a series of transactions (the
“Starwood Combination”), after which Starwood became an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Marriott. Our Financial
Statements and related discussions in this report include Starwood’s results of operations only from the Merger Date through
year-end 2018 and reflect the financial position of our combined company at December 31, 2018 and 2017 except where we
specifically state otherwise, such as certain statistics described under the caption “Performance Measures” in Part II, Item 7. We
refer to our business associated with brands that were in our portfolio before the Starwood Combination as “Legacy-Marriott”
and to the Starwood business and brands that we acquired as “Legacy-Starwood.” See Footnote 3. Dispositions and
Acquisitions for more information.
Starwood Reservations Database Security Incident
On November 30, 2018, we announced a data security incident involving unauthorized access to the Starwood
reservations database (the “Data Security Incident”). We have completed the planned phase out of the operation of the
Starwood reservations database, effective as of the end of 2018. For further information about the Data Security Incident, see
Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Data Security
Incident” in Footnote 7. Commitments and Contingencies in Part II, Item 8.
3
Company-Operated Properties
At year-end 2018, we had 2,020 company-operated properties (566,759 rooms), which included properties under long-
term management or lease agreements with property owners (management and lease agreements together, the “Operating
Agreements”), properties that we own, and home and condominium communities for which we manage the related owners’
associations.
Terms of our management agreements vary, but we earn a management fee that is typically composed of a base
management fee, which is a percentage of the revenues of the hotel, and an incentive management fee, which is based on the
profits of the hotel. Our management agreements also typically include reimbursement of costs of operations (both direct and
indirect). Such agreements are generally for initial periods of 20 to 30 years, with options for us to renew for up to 50 or more
additional years. Our lease agreements also vary, but may include fixed annual rentals plus additional rentals based on a
specified percentage of annual revenues that exceed a fixed amount. Many of our Operating Agreements are subordinated to
mortgages or other liens securing indebtedness of the owners. Many of our Operating Agreements also permit the owners to
terminate the agreement if we do not meet certain performance metrics and financial returns fail to meet defined levels for a
period of time and we have not cured those deficiencies. In certain circumstances, some of our management agreements allow
owners to convert company-operated properties to franchised properties under our brands.
For the lodging facilities we operate, we generally are responsible for hiring, training, and supervising the managers and
employees needed to operate the facilities and for purchasing supplies, and owners are required to reimburse us for those costs.
We provide centralized reservation services and advertising, marketing, and promotional services, as well as various accounting
and data processing services, and owners are also required to reimburse us for those costs.
Franchised, Licensed, and Unconsolidated Joint Venture Properties
We have franchising, licensing, and joint venture programs that permit hotel owners and operators and Marriott Vacations
Worldwide Corporation (“MVW”), our former timeshare subsidiary that we spun off in 2011, to use many of our lodging brand
names and systems. Under our hotel franchising programs, we generally receive an initial application fee and continuing
royalty fees, which typically range from four to six percent of room revenues for all brands, plus two to three percent of food
and beverage revenues for certain full-service hotels. We are a partner in unconsolidated joint ventures that manage and, in
some cases, own hotels. Some of these joint ventures also provide services to franchised hotels. We recognize our share of these
joint ventures’ net income or loss in the “Equity in earnings” caption of our Income Statements. Franchisees and certain joint
ventures contribute to our marketing and advertising programs and pay fees for use of our centralized reservation systems.
We also receive royalty fees under license agreements with MVW and its affiliates for certain brands, including Marriott
Vacation Club, Grand Residences by Marriott, The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club, Westin, Sheraton, and for certain existing
properties, St. Regis and The Luxury Collection. We receive license fees from MVW consisting of a fixed annual fee, adjusted
for inflation, plus certain variable fees based on sales volumes.
At year-end 2018, we had 4,735 franchised and licensed properties (729,413 rooms) and 151 unconsolidated joint venture
properties (21,196 rooms).
Residential
We use or license our trademarks for the sale of residential real estate, often in conjunction with hotel development, and
receive branding fees for sales of such branded residential real estate by others. Third-party owners typically construct and sell
residences with limited amounts, if any, of our capital at risk. We have used or licensed our JW Marriott, The Ritz-Carlton,
Ritz-Carlton Reserve, W, The Luxury Collection, St. Regis, EDITION, Bulgari, Marriott, Sheraton, Westin, Four Points, Delta
and Autograph Collection brand names and trademarks for residential real estate sales. While the worldwide residential market
is very large, we believe the luxurious nature of our residential properties, the quality and exclusivity associated with our
brands, and the hospitality services that we provide, all serve to make residential properties bearing our trademarks distinctive.
Seasonality
In general, business at company-operated and franchised properties fluctuates only moderately with the seasons and is
relatively stable. Business at some resort properties may be seasonal depending on location.
Relationship with Major Customer
We operate or franchise properties that are owned or leased by Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (“Host”). In addition, Host is
a partner in several partnerships that own properties that we operate under long-term management agreements. See Footnote
19. Relationship with Major Customer for more information.
4
Intellectual Property
We operate in a highly competitive industry and our brand names, trademarks, service marks, trade names, and logos are
very important to the sales and marketing of our properties and services. We believe that our brand names and other intellectual
property have come to represent the highest standards of quality, care, service, and value to our customers, guests, and the
traveling public. Accordingly, we register and protect our intellectual property where we deem appropriate and otherwise
protect against its unauthorized use.
Brand Portfolio
We believe that our brand portfolio offers the largest and most compelling range of brands and properties in hospitality,
with two overall styles of hotels -- Classic, offering time-honored hospitality for the modern traveler, and Distinctive, offering
memorable experiences with a unique perspective -- each of which we group into three quality tiers: Luxury, Premium, and
Select.
Luxury offers bespoke and superb amenities and services. Our Classic Luxury hotel brands include JW Marriott, The
Ritz-Carlton, and St. Regis. Our Distinctive Luxury hotel brands include W Hotels, The Luxury Collection, EDITION, and
Bulgari.
Premium offers sophisticated and thoughtful amenities and services. Our Classic Premium hotel brands include Marriott
Hotels, Sheraton, Delta Hotels, Marriott Executive Apartments, and Marriott Vacation Club. Our Distinctive Premium hotel
brands include Westin, Renaissance, Le Méridien, Autograph Collection, Gaylord Hotels, Tribute Portfolio, and Design Hotels.
Select offers smart and easy amenities and services with our longer stay brands offering amenities that mirror the
comforts of home. Our Classic Select hotel brands include Courtyard, Residence Inn, Fairfield by Marriott, SpringHill Suites,
Four Points, TownePlace Suites, and Protea Hotels. Our Distinctive Select hotel brands include Aloft, AC Hotels by Marriott,
Element, and Moxy.
5
The following table shows the geographic distribution of our brands at year-end 2018:
North
America
Europe
Middle East
& Africa
Asia Pacific
Caribbean &
Latin
America
Luxury
JW Marriott®
The Ritz-Carlton®
W® Hotels
The Luxury Collection®
St. Regis®
EDITION®
Bulgari®
Premium
Marriott Hotels®
Sheraton®
Westin®
Renaissance® Hotels
Le Méridien®
Autograph Collection® Hotels
Delta Hotels by MarriottTM (Delta
Hotels®)
Gaylord Hotels®
Marriott Executive Apartments®
Tribute Portfolio®
Select
Courtyard by Marriott®
(Courtyard®)
Residence Inn by Marriott®
(Residence Inn®)
Fairfield by Marriott®
SpringHill Suites by Marriott®
(SpringHill Suites®)
Four Points® by Sheraton (Four
Points®)
TownePlace Suites by Marriott®
(TownePlace Suites®)
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
28
15,681
39
11,398
25
7,474
17
5,084
10
1,977
2
567
—
—
341
134,834
190
72,674
129
52,955
88
29,104
19
3,987
95
20,218
61
14,905
6
9,918
—
—
18
4,285
1,027
143,389
789
97,335
940
88,052
414
48,959
152
23,015
388
39,231
6
2,075
13
3,079
6
1,253
44
6,566
6
834
3
375
2
143
94
23,969
61
16,580
19
6,125
36
8,564
15
5,010
46
6,466
1
223
—
—
4
361
6
697
63
11,828
9
1,196
—
—
—
—
20
4
2,708
13
3,867
3
1,221
7
1,962
4
1,168
1
255
1
120
24
8,061
31
10,408
7
1,839
4
1,233
24
6,612
8
1,738
—
—
—
—
7
823
—
—
7
1,487
3
301
—
—
—
—
12
33
13,122
30
7,520
15
4,021
30
7,286
18
4,612
2
671
3
260
80
26,962
123
46,073
56
17,595
39
13,633
47
12,154
8
2,167
1
339
—
—
17
3,016
5
882
63
15,306
—
—
26
13
3,597
6
1,786
6
1,074
12
1,058
3
448
—
—
—
—
28
7,540
36
9,882
12
3,639
8
2,565
2
271
9
4,313
—
—
—
—
2
240
2
57
39
6,428
2
249
13
4,403
1,833
—
—
67
—
—
20
3,042
3,451
16,951
2,685
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6
Total
84
37,183
101
27,650
55
15,043
110
21,956
41
9,039
8
1,868
6
523
567
201,366
441
155,617
223
82,153
175
55,099
107
28,034
166
34,902
63
15,467
6
9,918
30
4,440
31
5,921
1,199
178,438
803
99,081
979
94,288
414
48,959
271
49,144
388
39,231
Aloft® Hotels
AC Hotels by Marriott®
Protea Hotels by Marriott® (Protea
Hotels®)
Element® Hotels
Moxy® Hotels
Residences and Timeshare
Residences
Timeshare
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Total Properties 1
Total Rooms 1
North
America
108
16,296
49
8,447
—
—
31
4,388
11
2,235
59
6,959
70
18,313
5,106
Europe
7
1,310
85
10,589
—
—
2
293
23
4,873
6
256
5
919
582
Middle East
& Africa
Asia Pacific
Caribbean &
Latin
America
8
2,012
1
188
80
8,265
1
168
—
—
2
197
—
—
252
27
6,240
—
—
—
—
5
1,085
3
469
14
2,144
5
471
717
9
1,494
10
1,553
—
—
—
—
—
—
8
401
9
2,483
249
Total
159
27,352
145
20,777
80
8,265
39
5,934
37
7,577
89
9,957
89
22,186
6,906
881,680
116,626
58,084
207,382
53,596
1,317,368
(1)
Excludes Design HotelsTM properties, which participate as partner hotels in our Loyalty Program and are available for booking through our
reservation channels.
Other Activities
Loyalty Program, Sales and Marketing, and Reservation Systems. On August 18, 2018, Marriott launched one loyalty
program with unified benefits under its three legacy loyalty brands — Marriott Rewards, The Ritz-Carlton Rewards, and
Starwood Preferred Guest (“SPG”). On February 13, 2019, the combined program completed its integration under one name,
Marriott BonvoyTM. Members have access to Marriott Bonvoy’s diverse brand portfolio, rich benefits, and travel experiences.
We refer to Marriott Bonvoy throughout this report as our “Loyalty Program.”
Our Loyalty Program is a low cost and high impact vehicle for our revenue generation efforts. It rewards members with
points toward free hotel stays, experiences and other benefits, or miles with participating airline programs. We believe that our
Loyalty Program generates substantial repeat business that might otherwise go to competing hotels. In 2018, Loyalty Program
members purchased approximately 50 percent of our room nights. We continually enhance our Loyalty Program offerings and
strategically market to this large and growing guest base to generate revenue. See the “Loyalty Program” caption in Footnote 2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information.
Marriott.com, our international website, and our mobile apps continued to grow significantly in 2018. Our web and
mobile platforms allow for a seamless booking experience and easy enrollment in our Loyalty Program to book our exclusive
Member Rates. Our Look No Further® Best Rate Guarantee ensures best rate integrity, strengthening consumer confidence in
our brand, and gives guests greater access to the same rates when they book hotel rooms through our various direct channels.
We also continue to grow engagement levels with millions of guests through our mobile guest services - check-in, check-out,
service requests, mobile key, and more - across our hotel portfolio. In 2018, we significantly expanded the number of hotels
across our portfolio that offer mobile key, enabling guests to use their mobile devices as a keycard for room entry and amenity
access. We also expanded our mobile food ordering at selected properties, enabling guests to order food and beverages on-
demand from hotel outlets. Our digital strategy continues to focus on creating a simple and efficient digital booking experience,
while elevating the service experience through mobile guest services and generating superior guest satisfaction and more
memorable stays at our properties.
At year-end 2018, we operated 22 hotel reservation centers, eight in the U.S. and 14 in other countries and territories,
which handle reservation requests for our lodging brands worldwide, including franchised properties. We own two of the U.S.
facilities and either lease the others or share space with a company-operated property. While pricing is set by our hotels, our
reservation system manages inventory and allows us to utilize third party agents where cost effective. Economies of scale
enable us to minimize costs per occupied room, drive profits for our owners and franchisees, and enhance our fee revenue.
7
We believe our global sales and revenue management organizations are a key competitive advantage due to our
unrelenting focus on optimizing our investment in people, processes, and systems. Our above-property sales deployment
strategy aligns our sales efforts around how the customer wants to buy, reducing duplication of efforts by individual hotels and
allowing us to cover a larger number of accounts. We also utilize innovative and sophisticated revenue management systems,
many of which are proprietary, which we believe provide a competitive advantage in pricing decisions, increasing efficiency
and producing higher property-level revenue for hotels in our portfolio. Most of the hotels in our portfolio utilize web-based
programs to effectively manage the rate set-up and modification processes which provides for greater pricing flexibility,
reduces time spent on rate program creation and maintenance, and increases the speed to market of new products and services.
As we further discuss in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” later in this report, we utilize sophisticated technology and
systems in our reservation, revenue management, and property management systems, in our Loyalty Program, and in other
aspects of our business. We also make certain technologies available to our guests. Keeping pace with developments in
technology is important for our operations and our competitive position. Furthermore, the integrity and protection of customer,
guest, employee, and company data is critical to us as we use such data for business decisions and to maintain operational
efficiency.
Credit Card Programs. We have multi-year agreements with JP Morgan Chase and American Express for our U.S.-issued,
co-brand credit cards associated with our Loyalty Program. We also license credit card programs in Canada, the United
Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, and Japan. We earn license fees based on card usage, and we believe that our co-brand credit
cards contribute to the success of our Loyalty Program and reflect the quality and value of our portfolio of brands.
Sustainability and Social Impact. Guided by our 2025 Sustainability and Social Impact Goals, as well as the United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals, we believe we have an opportunity to create a positive and sustainable impact
wherever we do business. Our Sustainability and Social Impact Platform, Serve 360: Doing Good In Every Direction, is built
around four focus areas: Nurture Our World; Sustain Responsible Operations; Empower Through Opportunity; and Welcome
All and Advance Human Rights. Within each of these areas, we have identified a series of 2025 goals that we believe will help
us to address the expectations of our stakeholders, increase our operational efficiency and excellence, and enhance our
reputation while supporting the continued growth and resiliency of our business. Examples of these goals include commitments
to volunteerism, building sustainably and striving to source responsibly while reducing carbon, water, and waste footprints,
investing in our communities, and advancing human rights.
Global Design Division. Our Global Design division provides design, development, refurbishment, and procurement
services to owners and franchisees of lodging properties on a voluntary basis outside the scope of and separate from our
management or franchise contracts. Like third-party contractors, Global Design provides these services on a fee basis to owners
and franchisees of our branded properties.
Competition
We encounter strong competition both as a lodging operator and as a franchisor. According to lodging industry data, there
are over 1,400 lodging management companies in the U.S., including approximately 21 that operate more than 100 properties.
These operators are primarily private management firms, but also include several large national and international chains that
own and operate their own hotels, operate hotels on behalf of third-party owners, and also franchise their brands. Management
contracts are typically long-term in nature, but most allow the hotel owner to replace the management firm if it does not meet
certain financial or performance criteria.
We also compete for guests with large companies that offer online travel services as part of their business model, search
engines such as Google and Bing, and online services including Airbnb and HomeAway that allow travelers to book short-term
rentals of homes and apartments as an alternative to hotel rooms. We compete against lodging operators and other competitors
for guests in many areas, including brand recognition and reputation, location, guest satisfaction, room rates, quality of service,
amenities, quality of accommodations, security, and the ability to earn and redeem Loyalty Program points.
During the last recession, demand for hotel rooms declined significantly, particularly in 2009, and we took steps to reduce
operating costs and improve efficiency. Due to the competitive nature of our industry, we focused these efforts on areas that had
limited or no impact on the guest experience. While demand trends globally have improved since 2009, cost reductions could
again become necessary if demand trends reverse. We would expect to implement any such efforts in a manner designed to
maintain guest loyalty, owner preference, and associate satisfaction, to help maintain or increase our market share.
Affiliation with a national or regional brand is common in the U.S. lodging industry, and we believe that our brand
recognition assists us in attracting and retaining guests, owners, and franchisees. In 2018, approximately 71 percent of U.S.
hotel rooms were brand-affiliated. Most of the branded properties are franchises, under which the owner pays the franchisor a
fee for use of its hotel name and reservation system. In the franchising business, we face many competitors that have strong
8
brands and guest appeal, including Hilton, Intercontinental Hotels Group, Hyatt, Wyndham, Accor, Choice, Radisson, Best
Western, and others.
Outside the U.S., branding is much less prevalent and most markets are served primarily by independent operators,
although branding is more common for new hotel development. We believe that chain affiliation will increase in many overseas
markets as local economies grow, trade barriers decline, international travel accelerates, and hotel owners seek the economies
of centralized reservation systems and marketing programs.
Based on lodging industry data, we have an approximately 15 percent share of the U.S. hotel market (based on number of
rooms) and we estimate less than a four percent share of the hotel market outside the U.S. We believe that our hotel brands are
attractive to hotel owners seeking a management company or franchise affiliation because our hotels typically generate higher
Revenue per Available Room (“RevPAR”) than our direct competitors in most market areas. We attribute this performance
premium to our success in achieving and maintaining strong guest preference. We believe that the location and quality of our
lodging facilities, our marketing programs, our reservation systems, and our emphasis on guest service and guest and associate
satisfaction contribute to guest preference across all our brands.
Properties that we operate, franchise, or license are regularly upgraded to maintain their competitiveness. Most of our
management agreements provide for the allocation of funds to be set aside, generally a fixed percentage of revenue, for
periodic refurbishment and replacement of furnishings, fixtures, and equipment. These ongoing refurbishment programs, along
with periodic brand initiatives, are generally adequate to preserve or enhance the competitive position and earning power of the
properties. Properties converting to one of our brands typically complete renovations as needed in conjunction with the
conversion.
Employee Relations
At year-end 2018, we had approximately 176,000 employees, approximately 22,000 of whom were represented by labor
unions. These numbers do not include hotel personnel employed by our owners, franchisees, and management companies hired
by our franchisees. Although we experienced labor disruptions in certain U.S. markets in 2018 in connection with our contract
negotiations with unions representing certain of our organized associates in those markets, those contract negotiations and labor
disruptions have been resolved and we believe relations with our employees are positive.
Environmental Compliance
The properties we operate or develop are subject to national, regional, state or provincial, and local laws and regulations
that govern the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relate to protecting the environment. Those
environmental provisions include requirements that address health and safety; the use, management, and disposal of hazardous
substances and wastes; and emission or discharge of wastes or other materials. We believe that our operation and development
of properties complies, in all material respects, with environmental laws and regulations. Compliance with such provisions has
not materially impacted our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position, and we do not anticipate that it will have a
material impact in the future.
Internet Address and Company SEC Filings
Our primary Internet address is Marriott.com. On the investor relations portion of our website, Marriott.com/investor, we
provide a link to our electronic filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our annual
report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these
reports. We make all such filings available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after filing. The information found
on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Forward-Looking Statements
We make forward-looking statements in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations and elsewhere in this report based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and on information currently
available to us. Forward-looking statements include information about our possible or assumed future results of operations,
which follow under the headings “Business and Overview,” “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and other statements
throughout this report preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,”
“plans,” “estimates,” or similar expressions.
Any number of risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those we express in our
forward-looking statements, including the risks and uncertainties we describe below and other factors we describe from time to
9
time in our periodic filings with the SEC. We therefore caution you not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statement. The
forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update or
revise any forward-looking statement, whether due to new information, future developments, or otherwise.
Risks and Uncertainties
We are subject to various risks that could have a negative effect on us or on our financial condition. You should
understand that these risks could cause results to differ materially from those we express in forward-looking statements
contained in this report or in other Company communications. Because there is no way to determine in advance whether, or to
what extent, any present uncertainty will ultimately impact our business, you should give equal weight to each of the following:
Our industry is highly competitive, which may impact our ability to compete successfully with other hotel properties and
home and apartment sharing services for guests. We operate in markets that contain many competitors. Each of our hotel
brands competes with major hotel chains and home and apartment sharing services in national and international venues, and
with independent companies in regional markets. Our ability to remain competitive and attract and retain business and leisure
travelers depends on our success in distinguishing the quality, value, and efficiency of our lodging products and services,
including our Loyalty Program, direct booking channels, and consumer-facing technology platforms and services, from those
offered by others. If we cannot compete successfully in these areas, our operating margins could contract, our market share
could decrease, and our earnings could decline. Further, new lodging supply in individual markets could have a negative impact
on the hotel industry and hamper our ability to increase room rates or occupancy in those markets.
Economic downturns could impact our financial results and growth. Weak economic conditions in one or more parts of
the world, changes in oil prices and currency values, disruptions in national, regional, or global economies generally and the
travel business in particular that might result from changing governmental policies in areas such as trade, travel, immigration,
healthcare, and related issues, political instability in some areas, and the uncertainty over how long any of these conditions
could continue, could have a negative impact on the lodging industry. Because of such uncertainty, we continue to experience
weakened demand for our hotel rooms in some markets. Our future financial results and growth could be further harmed or
constrained if economic or these other conditions worsen. U.S. government travel and travel associated with U.S. government
operations are also a significant part of our business, and this aspect of our business has suffered and could in the future suffer
due to U.S. federal spending cuts, or government hiring restrictions and any further limitations that may result from presidential
or congressional action or inaction, including for example, a U.S. federal government shutdown, such as the partial shutdown
that occurred in December 2018 and January 2019.
Risks Relating to Our Integration of Starwood
The continued diversion of resources and management’s attention to the integration of Starwood could still adversely
affect our day-to-day business. While the integration of Starwood is largely complete, integration related matters still place a
significant burden on our management and internal resources and may continue to do so for some time, which could have
adverse effects on our business or financial results.
Some of the anticipated benefits of combining Starwood and Marriott may still not be realized. We decided to acquire
Starwood with the expectation that the Starwood Combination would result in various benefits. Although we have already
achieved substantial benefits, others remain subject to several uncertainties, including whether we can achieve certain revenue
synergies.
Integration could also involve unexpected costs. Disruptions of each legacy company’s ongoing businesses, processes,
and systems could adversely affect the combined company. We have encountered challenges in harmonizing our different
reservations and other systems, our Loyalty Program, and other business practices, and we may encounter additional or
increased challenges related to integration. Because of these or other factors, we cannot assure you when or that we will be able
to fully realize additional benefits from the Starwood Combination in the form of enhancing revenues or achieving other
operating efficiencies, cost savings, or benefits, or that challenges encountered with our harmonization efforts will not have
adverse effects on our business or reputation.
Program changes associated with our integration efforts could have a negative effect on guest preference or behavior.
Our integration efforts involved significant changes to certain of our guest programs and services, including our Loyalty
Program, co-branded credit card arrangements, and consumer-facing technology platforms and services. While we believe such
changes enhance these programs and services for our guests and will drive guest preference and satisfaction, these changes
remain subject to various uncertainties, including whether the changes could be negatively perceived by certain guests and
consumers, could affect guest preference or could alter reservation, spending or other guest or consumer behavior, all of which
could adversely affect our market share, reputation, business, financial condition, or results of operations.
10
Risks Relating to Our Business
Operational Risks
Premature termination of our management or franchise agreements could hurt our financial performance. Our hotel
management and franchise agreements may be subject to premature termination in certain circumstances, such as the
bankruptcy of a hotel owner or franchisee, or a failure under some agreements to meet specified financial or performance
criteria that are subject to the risks described in this section, which we fail or elect not to cure. Some courts have also applied
agency law principles and related fiduciary standards to managers of third-party hotel properties, including us (or have
interpreted hotel management agreements to be “personal services contracts”). Property owners may assert the right to
terminate management agreements even where the agreements provide otherwise, and some courts have upheld such assertions
about our management agreements and may do so in the future. If terminations occur for these or other reasons, we may need
to enforce our right to damages for breach of contract and related claims, which may cause us to incur significant legal fees and
expenses. Any damages we ultimately collect could be less than the projected future value of the fees and other amounts we
would have otherwise collected under the management or franchise agreement. A significant loss of agreements due to
premature terminations could hurt our financial performance or our ability to grow our business.
Our lodging operations are subject to global, national, and regional conditions. Because we conduct our business on a
global platform, changes in global and regional economies and governmental policies impact our activities. In recent years,
decreases in travel resulting from weak economic conditions and the heightened travel security measures resulting from the
threat of further terrorism have hurt our business. Our future performance could be similarly affected by the economic and
political environment in each of our operating regions, the resulting unknown pace of both business and leisure travel, and any
future incidents or changes in those regions.
The growing significance of our operations outside of the U.S. makes us increasingly susceptible to the risks of doing
business internationally, which could lower our revenues, increase our costs, reduce our profits, disrupt our business, or
damage our reputation. More than a third of the rooms in our system are located outside of the U.S. and its territories. We
expect that our international operations, and resulting revenues, will continue to grow. This increasingly exposes us to the
challenges and risks of doing business outside the U.S., many of which are outside of our control, and which could reduce our
revenues or profits, increase our costs, result in significant liabilities or sanctions, disrupt our business, or damage our
reputation. These challenges include: (1) compliance with complex and changing laws, regulations and government policies
that may impact our operations, such as foreign ownership restrictions, import and export controls, and trade restrictions;
(2) compliance with U.S. and foreign laws that affect the activities of companies abroad, such as competition laws,
cybersecurity and privacy laws, currency regulations, and other laws affecting dealings with certain nations; (3) the difficulties
involved in managing an organization doing business in many different countries; (4) uncertainties as to the enforceability of
contract and intellectual property rights under local laws; (5) rapid changes in government policy, political or civil unrest, acts
of terrorism, or the threat of international boycotts or U.S. anti-boycott legislation; and (6) currency exchange rate fluctuations,
which may impact the results and cash flows of our international operations.
Any failure by our international operations to comply with anti-corruption laws or trade sanctions could increase our
costs, reduce our profits, limit our growth, harm our reputation, or subject us to broader liability. We are subject to restrictions
imposed by the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and anti-corruption laws and regulations of other countries
applicable to our operations, such as the UK Bribery Act. Anti-corruption laws and regulations generally prohibit companies
and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials or other persons to receive or retain business.
These laws also require us to maintain adequate internal controls and accurate books and records. We have properties in many
parts of the world where corruption is common, and our compliance with anti-corruption laws may potentially conflict with
local customs and practices. The compliance programs, internal controls and policies we maintain and enforce to promote
compliance with applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws may not prevent our associates, contractors or agents from
acting in ways prohibited by these laws and regulations. We are also subject to trade sanctions administered by the Office of
Foreign Assets Control and the U.S. Department of Commerce. Our compliance programs and internal controls also may not
prevent conduct that is prohibited under these rules. The U.S. may impose additional sanctions at any time against any country
in which or with whom we do business. Depending on the nature of the sanctions imposed, our operations in the relevant
country could be restricted or otherwise adversely affected. Any violations of anti-corruption laws and regulations or trade
sanctions could result in significant civil and criminal penalties, reduce our profits, disrupt or have a material adverse effect on
our business, damage our reputation, or result in lawsuits being brought against the Company or its officers or directors. In
addition, the operation of these laws or an imposition of further restrictions in these areas could increase our cost of operations,
reduce our profits or cause us to forgo development opportunities, or cease operations in certain countries, that would otherwise
support growth.
11
Exchange rate fluctuations and foreign exchange hedging arrangements could result in significant foreign currency gains
and losses and affect our business results. We earn revenues and incur expenses in foreign currencies as part of our operations
outside of the U.S. Accordingly, fluctuations in currency exchange rates may significantly increase the amount of U.S. dollars
required for foreign currency expenses or significantly decrease the U.S. dollars we receive from foreign currency revenues.
We are also exposed to currency translation risk because the results of our non-U.S. business are generally reported in local
currency, which we then translate to U.S. dollars for inclusion in our Financial Statements. As a result, changes between the
foreign exchange rates and the U.S. dollar affect the amounts we record for our foreign assets, liabilities, revenues and
expenses, and could have a negative effect on our financial results. We expect that our exposure to foreign currency exchange
rate fluctuations will grow as the relative contribution of our non-U.S. operations increases. We enter into foreign exchange
hedging agreements with financial institutions to reduce exposures to some of the principal currencies in which we receive
management and franchise fees, but these efforts may not be successful. These hedging agreements also do not cover all
currencies in which we do business, do not eliminate foreign currency risk entirely for the currencies that they do cover, and
involve costs and risks of their own in the form of transaction costs, credit requirements and counterparty risk.
Some of our management agreements and related contracts require us to make payments to owners if the hotels do not
achieve specified levels of operating profit. Some of our contracts with hotel owners require that we fund shortfalls if the hotels
do not attain specified levels of operating profit. We may not be able to recover any fundings of such performance guarantees,
which could lower our profits and reduce our cash flows.
Our new programs and new branded products may not be successful. We cannot assure you that new or newly acquired
brands, such as those we acquired as a result of the Starwood Combination, our investments in PlacePass and the joint venture
with Alibaba, our pilot of a homesharing offering in certain European cities, or any other new programs or products we may
launch in the future, will be accepted by hotel owners, potential franchisees, or the traveling public or other guests. We also
cannot be certain that we will recover the costs we incurred in developing or acquiring the brands or any new programs or
products, or that those brands, programs, or products will be successful. In addition, some of our new or newly acquired brands
involve or may involve cooperation and/or consultation with one or more third parties, including some shared control over
product design and development, sales and marketing, and brand standards. Disagreements with these third parties could slow
the development of these brands and/or impair our ability to take actions we believe to be advisable for the success and
profitability of such brands.
Risks relating to natural or man-made disasters, contagious disease, terrorist activity, and war could reduce the demand
for lodging, which may adversely affect our revenues. So called “Acts of God,” such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis,
floods, volcanic activity, wildfires, and other natural disasters, as well as man-made disasters and the potential spread of
contagious diseases in locations where we own, manage, or franchise significant properties and areas of the world from which
we draw a large number of guests, have in the past caused and could in the future cause a decline in business or leisure travel
and reduce demand for lodging to an extent and for durations that we are not able to predict. Actual or threatened war, terrorist
activity, political unrest, or civil strife, and other geopolitical uncertainty could have a similar effect. Any one or more of these
events may reduce the overall demand for hotel rooms and corporate apartments or limit the prices that we can obtain for them,
both of which could adversely affect our profits. If a terrorist event were to involve one or more of our branded properties,
demand for our hotels in particular could suffer, which could further hurt our revenues and profits.
Disagreements with owners of hotels that we manage or franchise may result in litigation or delay implementation of
product or service initiatives. Consistent with our focus on management and franchising, we own very few of our lodging
properties. The nature of our responsibilities under our management agreements to manage each hotel and enforce the standards
required for our brands under both management and franchise agreements may be subject to interpretation and will from time
to time give rise to disagreements, which may include disagreements over the need for or payment for new product, service or
systems initiatives, the timing and amount of capital investments, and reimbursement for certain system initiatives and costs.
Such disagreements may be more likely when hotel returns are weaker. We seek to resolve any disagreements to develop and
maintain positive relations with current and potential hotel owners and joint venture partners, but we cannot always do so.
Failure to resolve such disagreements has resulted in litigation, and could do so in the future. If any such litigation results in an
adverse judgment, settlement, or court order, we could suffer significant losses, our profits could be reduced, or our future
ability to operate our business could be constrained.
Our business depends on the quality and reputation of our company and our brands, and any deterioration could
adversely impact our market share, reputation, business, financial condition, or results of operations. Certain events, including
those that may be beyond our control, could affect the reputation of one or more of our properties or more generally impact the
reputation of our brands. Many other factors also can influence our reputation and the value of our brands, including service,
food quality and safety, availability and management of scarce natural resources, supply chain management, diversity, human
rights, and support for local communities. Reputational value is also based on perceptions, and broad access to social media
makes it easy for anyone to provide public feedback that can influence perceptions of us, our brands and our hotels, and it may
12
be difficult to control or effectively manage negative publicity, regardless of whether it is accurate. While reputations may take
decades to build, negative incidents can quickly erode trust and confidence, particularly if they result in adverse mainstream
and social media publicity, governmental investigations or penalties, or litigation. Negative incidents could lead to tangible
adverse effects on our business, including lost sales, boycotts, reduced enrollment and/or participation in our Loyalty Program,
disruption of access to our websites and reservation systems, loss of development opportunities, or associate retention and
recruiting difficulties. Any decline in the reputation or perceived quality of our brands or corporate image could affect our
market share, reputation, business, financial condition, or results of operations. The Data Security Incident could have a
negative impact on our reputation, our corporate image and our relationship with our guests.
If our brands, goodwill or other intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record significant non-cash
charges to earnings. As of December 31, 2018, we had $17.4 billion of goodwill and other intangible assets. We review
goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate
impairment may have occurred. Estimated fair values of our brands or reporting units could change if, for example, there are
changes in the business climate, unanticipated changes in the competitive environment, adverse legal or regulatory actions or
developments, changes in guests’ perception and the reputation of our brands, or changes in interest rates, operating cash flows,
or market capitalization. Because of the significance of our goodwill and other intangible assets, any future impairment of these
assets could require material non-cash charges to our results of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition and results of operations.
Actions by our franchisees and licensees could adversely affect our image and reputation. We franchise and license many
of our brand names and trademarks to third parties for lodging, timeshare, residential, and our credit card programs. Under the
terms of their agreements with us, our franchisees and licensees interact directly with guests and other third parties under our
brand and trade names. If these franchisees or licensees fail to maintain or act in accordance with applicable brand standards;
experience operational problems, including any data breach involving guest information; or project a brand image inconsistent
with ours, our image and reputation could suffer. Although our franchise and license agreements provide us with recourse and
remedies in the event of a breach by the franchisee or licensee, including termination of the agreements under certain
circumstances, it could be expensive or time consuming for us to pursue such remedies. We also cannot assure you that in every
instance a court would ultimately enforce our contractual termination rights or that we could collect any awarded damages from
the defaulting franchisee or licensee.
Collective bargaining activity and strikes could disrupt our operations, increase our labor costs, and interfere with the
ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies. A significant number of associates at our managed,
leased, and owned hotels are covered by collective bargaining agreements. If relationships with our organized associates or the
unions that represent them become adverse, the properties we operate could experience labor disruptions such as strikes,
lockouts, boycotts, and public demonstrations, as we saw in the fourth quarter of 2018. Although we recently completed
contract negotiations for 43 unionized hotels following multi-week strikes by our associates at 29 of those hotels, a number of
collective bargaining agreements are expected to be negotiated in 2019. Labor disputes and disruptions have in the past, and
could in the future, result in adverse publicity and adversely affect operations and revenues at affected hotels. In addition, labor
disputes and disruptions could harm our relationship with our associates, result in increased regulatory inquiries and
enforcement by governmental authorities, harm our relationships with our guests and customers, divert management attention,
and reduce customer demand for our services, all of which could have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial
condition, or results of operations.
Labor regulation and the negotiation of new or existing collective bargaining agreements could lead to higher wage and
benefit costs, changes in work rules that raise operating expenses, legal costs, and limitations on our ability or the ability of our
third-party property owners to take cost saving measures during economic downturns. We do not have the ability to control the
negotiations of collective bargaining agreements covering unionized labor employed by our third-party property owners and
franchisees. Increased unionization of our workforce, new labor legislation or changes in regulations could disrupt our
operations, reduce our profitability or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business
strategies.
If we cannot attract and retain talented associates, our business could suffer. We compete with other companies both
within and outside of our industry for talented personnel. If we cannot recruit, train, develop, and retain sufficient numbers of
talented associates, we could experience increased associate turnover, decreased guest satisfaction, low morale, inefficiency, or
internal control failures. Insufficient numbers of talented associates could also limit our ability to grow and expand our
businesses. A shortage of skilled labor could also result in higher wages that would increase our labor costs, which could reduce
our profits.
Damage to, or losses involving, properties that we own, manage, or franchise may not be covered by insurance, or the
cost of such insurance could increase. Marriott requires comprehensive property and liability insurance policies for our
13
managed, leased, and owned properties with coverage features and insured limits that we believe are customary. We require
managed hotel owners to procure such coverage or we procure such coverage on their behalf. We also require our franchisees to
maintain similar levels of insurance. Market forces beyond our control may nonetheless limit the scope of the insurance
coverage we or our franchisees can obtain, or our or their ability to obtain coverage at reasonable rates. Certain types of losses,
generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, terrorist acts, or liabilities that result from
breaches in the security of our information systems, may result in high deductibles, low limits, or may be uninsurable or the
cost of obtaining insurance may be unacceptably high. As a result, we and our franchisees may not be successful in obtaining
insurance without increases in cost or decreases in coverage levels, or may not be successful in obtaining insurance at all. For
example, in 2018 substantial increases in property insurance costs occurred due to the severe and widespread damage caused by
the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season and other natural disasters. In addition, in the event of a substantial loss, the insurance
coverage we or our franchisees carry may not be sufficient to pay the full market value or replacement cost of any lost
investment or in some cases could result in certain losses being totally uninsured. As a result, we could lose some or all of any
capital that we have invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property, and we could remain
obligated for guarantees, debt, or other financial obligations for the property.
Development and Financing Risks
While we are predominantly a manager and franchisor of hotel properties, our hotel owners depend on capital to buy,
develop, and improve hotels, and our hotel owners may be unable to access capital when necessary. Both we and current and
potential hotel owners must periodically spend money to fund new hotel investments, as well as to refurbish and improve
existing hotels. The availability of funds for new investments and improvement of existing hotels by our current and potential
hotel owners depends in large measure on capital markets and liquidity factors, over which we exert little control. Obtaining
financing on attractive terms may be constrained by the capital markets for hotel and real estate investments. In addition,
owners of existing hotels that we franchise or manage may have difficulty meeting required debt service payments or
refinancing loans at maturity.
Our growth strategy depends upon third-party owners/operators, and future arrangements with these third parties may be
less favorable. Our growth strategy for adding lodging facilities entails entering into and maintaining various arrangements
with property owners. The terms of our management agreements and franchise agreements for each of our lodging facilities are
influenced by contract terms offered by our competitors, among other things. We cannot assure you that any of our current
arrangements will continue or that we will be able to enter into future collaborations, renew agreements, or enter into new
agreements in the future on terms that are as favorable to us as those that exist today.
Our ability to grow our management and franchise systems is subject to the range of risks associated with real estate
investments. Our ability to sustain continued growth through management or franchise agreements for new hotels and the
conversion of existing facilities to managed or franchised Marriott brands is affected, and may potentially be limited, by a
variety of factors influencing real estate development generally. These include site availability, financing, planning, zoning and
other local approvals, and other limitations that may be imposed by market and submarket factors, such as projected room
occupancy and rate, changes in growth in demand compared to projected supply, territorial restrictions in our management and
franchise agreements, costs of construction, and demand for construction resources.
Our development and renovation activities expose us to project cost, completion, and resale risks. We occasionally
develop, or acquire and renovate, hotel and residential properties, both directly and through partnerships, joint ventures, and
other business structures with third parties. As demonstrated by the impairment charges that we recorded in 2014 and 2015 in
connection with our development and construction of three EDITION hotels and residences, our ongoing involvement in the
development of properties presents a number of risks, including that: (1) any future weakness in the capital markets may limit
our ability, or that of third parties with whom we do business, to raise capital for completion of projects that have commenced
or for development of future properties; (2) properties that we develop or renovate could become less attractive due to
decreases in demand for hotel and residential properties, market absorption or oversupply, with the result that we may not be
able to sell such properties for a profit or at the prices or selling pace we anticipate, potentially requiring additional changes in
our pricing strategy that could result in further charges; (3) construction delays or cost overruns, including those due to a
shortage of skilled labor, lender financial defaults, or so called “Acts of God” such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, or fires
may increase overall project costs or result in project cancellations; and (4) we may be unable to recover development costs we
incur for any projects that we do not pursue to completion.
Our owned properties and other real estate investments subject us to numerous risks. Although we had relatively few
owned and leased properties at the end of 2018, such properties are subject to the risks that generally relate to investments in
real property. Although we have sold many properties in recent years and we are actively pursuing additional sales, equity real
estate investments can be difficult to sell quickly, and we may not be able to do so at prices we find acceptable or at all.
Moreover, the investment returns available from equity investments in real estate depend in large part on the amount of income
14
earned and capital appreciation generated by the related properties, and the expenses incurred. A variety of other factors also
affect income from properties and real estate values, including governmental regulations, insurance, zoning, tax and eminent
domain laws, interest rate levels, and the availability of financing. For example, new or existing real estate zoning or tax laws
can make it more expensive and/or time-consuming to develop real property or expand, modify, or renovate hotels. When
interest rates increase, the cost of acquiring, developing, expanding, or renovating real property increases and real property
values may decrease as the number of potential buyers decreases. Similarly, as financing becomes less available, it becomes
more difficult both to acquire and to sell real property. Finally, under eminent domain laws, governments can take real property,
sometimes for less compensation than the owner believes the property is worth. Despite our asset-light strategy, our real estate
properties could be impacted by any of these factors, resulting in a material adverse impact on our results of operations or
financial condition. If our properties do not generate revenue sufficient to meet operating expenses, including needed capital
expenditures, our income could be adversely affected.
Development and other investing activities that involve our co-investment with third parties may result in disputes and
may decrease our ability to manage risk. We have from time to time invested, and may continue to invest, in partnerships, joint
ventures, and other business structures involving our co-investment with third parties. These investments generally include
some form of shared control over the development of the asset or operations of the business and create added risks, including
the possibility that other investors in such ventures could become bankrupt or otherwise lack the financial resources to meet
their obligations, could have or develop business interests, policies, or objectives that are inconsistent with ours, could take
action without our approval (or, conversely, prevent us from taking action without our partner’s approval), or could make
requests contrary to our policies or objectives. Should a venture partner become bankrupt we could become liable for our
partner’s share of the venture’s liabilities. Actions by a co-venturer might subject the assets owned by the venture or partnership
to additional risk, such as increased project costs, project delays, or operational difficulties following project completion. These
risks may be more likely to occur in difficult business environments. We cannot assure you that our investments through
partnerships or joint ventures will be successful despite these risks.
Risks associated with development and sale of residential properties associated with our lodging properties or brands
may reduce our profits. We participate, through licensing agreements or directly or through noncontrolling interests, in the
development and sale of residential properties associated with our brands, including residences and condominiums under many
of our luxury and premium brand names and trademarks. Such projects pose further risks beyond those generally associated
with our lodging business, which may reduce our profits or compromise our brand equity, including risks that (1) weakness in
residential real estate and demand generally may reduce our profits and could make it more difficult to convince future
development partners of the value added by our brands; (2) increases in interest rates, reductions in mortgage availability or the
tax benefits of mortgage financing or residential ownership generally, or increases in the costs of residential ownership could
prevent potential customers from buying residential products or reduce the prices they are willing to pay; and (3) residential
construction may be subject to warranty and liability claims or claims related to purchaser deposits, and the costs of resolving
such claims may be significant.
Some hotel openings in our development pipeline and approved projects may be delayed or not result in new hotels, which
could adversely affect our growth prospects. We report a significant number of hotels in our development pipeline, including
hotels under construction and under signed contracts, as well as hotels approved for development but not yet under contract.
The eventual opening of such pipeline hotels and, in particular the approved hotels that are not yet under contract, is subject to
numerous risks, including in some cases the owner’s or developer’s ability to obtain adequate financing or governmental or
regulatory approvals. Competition for skilled construction labor and disruption in the supply chain for materials could cause
construction timelines for pipeline hotels to lengthen. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that all of our development pipeline
will result in new hotels entering our system, or that those hotels will open when we anticipate.
If we incur losses on loans or loan guarantees that we have made to third parties, our profits could decline. At times, we
make loans for hotel development or renovation expenditures when we enter into or amend management or franchise
agreements. From time to time we also provide third-party lenders with financial guarantees for the timely repayment of all or a
portion of debt related to hotels that we manage or franchise, generally subject to an obligation that the owner reimburse us for
any fundings. We could suffer losses if hotel owners or franchisees default on loans that we provide or fail to reimburse us for
loan guarantees that we have funded.
If owners of hotels that we manage or franchise cannot repay or refinance mortgage loans secured by their properties,
our revenues and profits could decrease and our business could be harmed. The owners of many of our managed or franchised
properties have pledged their hotels as collateral for mortgage loans that they entered into when those properties were
purchased or refinanced. If those owners cannot repay or refinance maturing indebtedness on favorable terms or at all, the
lenders could declare a default, accelerate the related debt, and repossess the property. Such sales or repossessions could, in
some cases, result in the termination of our management or franchise agreements and eliminate our anticipated income and cash
flows, which could negatively affect our results of operations.
15
Technology, Information Protection, and Privacy Risks
A failure to keep pace with developments in technology could impair our operations or competitive position. The lodging
industry continues to demand the use of sophisticated technology and systems, including those used for our reservation,
revenue management, property management, human resources and payroll systems, our Loyalty Program, and technologies we
make available to our guests and for our associates. These technologies and systems must be refined, updated, and/or replaced
with more advanced systems on a regular basis, and our business could suffer if we cannot do that as quickly or effectively as
our competitors or within budgeted costs and time frames. We also may not achieve the benefits that we anticipate from any
new technology or system, and a failure to do so could result in higher than anticipated costs or could impair our operating
results.
An increase in the use of third-party Internet services to book online hotel reservations could adversely impact our
business. Some of our hotel rooms are booked through Internet travel intermediaries such as Expedia.com®, Priceline.com®,
Booking.com™, Travelocity.com®, and Orbitz.com®, as well as lesser-known online travel service providers. These
intermediaries initially focused on leisure travel, but now also provide offerings for corporate travel and group meetings.
Although our Best Rate Guarantee and Member Rate programs have helped limit guest preference shift to intermediaries and
greatly reduced the ability of intermediaries to undercut the published rates at our hotels, intermediaries continue to use a
variety of aggressive online marketing methods to attract guests, including the purchase, by certain companies, of trademarked
online keywords such as “Marriott” from Internet search engines such as Google®, Bing®, Yahoo®, and Baidu® to steer guests
toward their websites (a practice that has been challenged by various trademark owners in federal court). Although we have
successfully limited these practices through contracts with key online intermediaries, the number of intermediaries and related
companies that drive traffic to intermediaries’ websites is too large to permit us to eliminate this risk entirely. Our business and
profitability could be harmed if online intermediaries succeed in significantly shifting loyalties from our lodging brands to their
travel services, diverting bookings away from our direct online channels, or through their fees, increase the overall cost of
Internet bookings for our hotels. In addition, if we are not able to negotiate new agreements on satisfactory terms when our
existing contracts with intermediaries (which generally have 2- to 3- year terms) come up for renewal, our business and
prospects could be negatively impacted in a number of ways. For example, if newly negotiated agreements are on terms less
favorable to our hotels than the expiring agreements, or if we are not able to negotiate new agreements and our hotels no longer
appear on intermediary websites, our bookings could decline, our profits (and the operating profits of hotels in our system)
could decline, and customers and owners may be less attracted to our brands. We may not be able to recapture or offset any
such loss of business through actions we take to enhance our direct marketing and reservation channels or to rely on other
channels or other intermediary websites.
We are exposed to risks and costs associated with protecting the integrity and security of company, associate, and guest
data. In the operation of our business, we collect, store, use, and transmit large volumes of data regarding associates, guests,
customers, owners, licensees, franchisees, and our own business operations, including credit card numbers, reservation and
loyalty data, and other personal information, in various information systems that we maintain and in systems maintained by
third parties, including our owners, franchisees, licensees, and service providers. The integrity and protection of this data is
critical to our business. If this data is inaccurate or incomplete, we could make faulty decisions.
Our guests and associates also have a high expectation that we, as well as our owners, franchisees, licensees, and service
providers, will adequately protect and appropriately use their personal information. The information, security, and privacy
requirements imposed by laws and governmental regulation, our contractual obligations, and the requirements of the payment
card industry are also increasingly demanding in the U.S., the European Union, Asia, and other jurisdictions where we operate.
Our systems and the systems maintained or used by our owners, franchisees, licensees, and service providers may not be able to
satisfy these changing legal and regulatory requirements and associate and guest expectations, or may require significant
additional investments or time to do so. We may incur significant additional costs to meet these requirements, obligations, and
expectations, and in the event of alleged or actual noncompliance we may experience increased operating costs, increased
exposure to fines and litigation, and increased risk of damage to our reputation and brand.
The Data Security Incident could have numerous adverse effects on our business. As a result of the Data Security
Incident, we are a party to numerous class action lawsuits brought by consumers and others in the U.S. and Canada, one
securities class action lawsuit in the U.S., and one shareholder derivative lawsuit in the U.S. We may be named as a party in
additional lawsuits and other claims may be asserted by or on behalf of guests, customers, hotel owners, shareholders or others
seeking monetary damages or other relief. A number of federal, state and foreign governmental authorities have also made
inquiries or opened investigations related to the Data Security Incident, including under various data protection and privacy
regulations, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. In addition, the major payment card networks
require the completion of a forensic investigation by a certified investigative firm, which is underway. Responding to and
resolving these lawsuits, claims and investigations may result in material remedial and other expenses which may not be
covered by insurance, including fines. Governmental authorities investigating the Data Security Incident also may seek to
16
impose undertakings, injunctive relief, consent decrees, or other civil or criminal penalties, which could, among other things,
materially increase our data security costs or otherwise require us to alter how we operate our business. Card issuers or
payment card networks may seek to attribute losses or other expenses to the Data Security Incident, and we cannot currently
determine to what extent those losses and expenses may be our legal responsibility. Significant management time and Company
resources have been, and may continue to be, devoted to the Data Security Incident. The Data Security Incident and publicity
related to it could have a range of other adverse effects on our business or prospects, including causing or contributing to loss
of consumer confidence, reduced consumer demand, reduced enrollment and/or participation in our Loyalty Program, loss of
development opportunities, and associate retention and recruiting difficulties. These expenses and other adverse effects could
have a material effect on our market share, reputation, business, financial condition, or results of operations. Although we
maintain insurance designed to limit our exposure to losses such as those related to the Data Security Incident, that insurance
may not be sufficient or available to cover all of our expenses or other losses (including fines) related to the Data Security
Incident. Further, as a result of the Data Security Incident and market forces beyond our control, relevant insurance coverage
may not be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
Our remediation efforts related to the Data Security Incident will be costly and may not be effective. Following the Data
Security Incident, we implemented additional technical measures on our network designed to contain and remove the threats
identified during our investigation, secure the Starwood reservations database, and monitor for any further unauthorized
activity. We also accelerated ongoing security enhancements to our network. We have incurred costs in connection with these
remediation efforts to date, and we could incur additional significant costs as we take further steps designed to prevent
unauthorized access to our network. The technical measures we have taken are based on our investigation of the causes of the
Data Security Incident, but additional measures may be needed to prevent a similar incident in the future and such measures
may not be sufficient to prevent other types of incidents. We cannot assure you that all potential causes of the incident have
been identified and remediated and will not occur again.
Additional cyber-security incidents could have adverse effects on our business. The Data Security Incident was
significant, went undetected for a long period of time and could have numerous adverse effects on our business, as discussed
above. If we experience additional cyber security incidents or fail to detect and appropriately respond to additional cyber
security incidents, the severity of the adverse effects on our business could be magnified. We have implemented security
measures to safeguard our systems and data, and we intend to continue implementing additional measures in the future, but, as
with the Data Security Incident, our measures may not be sufficient to maintain the confidentiality, security, or availability of
the data we collect, store, and use to operate our business. Measures taken by our service providers or our owners, franchisees,
licensees, and their service providers also may not be sufficient. Efforts to hack or circumvent security measures, efforts to gain
unauthorized access to data, failures of systems or software to operate as designed or intended, viruses, “ransomware” or other
malware, “phishing” or other types of business email compromises, operator error, or inadvertent releases of data have
impacted, and may in the future impact, our information systems and records or those of our owners, franchisees, licensees, or
service providers. Our reliance on computer, Internet-based, and mobile systems and communications, and the frequency and
sophistication of efforts by third parties to gain unauthorized access or prevent authorized access to such systems, have greatly
increased in recent years. We have experienced cyber-attacks, attempts to disrupt access to our systems and data, and attempts
to affect the integrity of our data, and the frequency and sophistication of such efforts could continue to increase. In addition to
the consequences of the Data Security Incident discussed above, any significant theft of, unauthorized access to, loss of, loss of
access to, or fraudulent use of guest, associate, owner, franchisee, licensee, or company data could adversely impact our
reputation and could result in legal, regulatory and other consequences, including remedial and other expenses, fines, or
litigation. Depending on the nature and scope of the event, compromises in the security of our information systems or those of
our owners, franchisees, licensees, or service providers or other disruptions in data services could lead to an interruption in the
operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits, negative publicity, and other adverse
effects on our business, including lost sales, boycotts, reduced enrollment and/or participation in our Loyalty Program,
litigation, loss of development opportunities, or associate retention and recruiting difficulties, all of which could affect our
market share, reputation, business, financial condition, or results of operations. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized
access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage information systems change frequently, can be difficult to detect for long periods
of time, and can involve difficult or prolonged assessment or remediation periods even once detected, which could magnify the
severity of these adverse effects. In addition, although we carry cyber/privacy liability insurance that is designed to protect us
against certain losses related to cyber risks, that insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all expenses or other losses
(including fines) or all types of claims that may arise in connection with cyber-attacks, security compromises, and other related
incidents, and until we renew our current policy and a new policy period begins, our policy coverage limits will be reduced by
the amount of claims paid related to the Data Security Incident. Furthermore, in the future such insurance may not be available
on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
Changes in privacy and data security laws could increase our operating costs, increase our exposure to fines and
litigation, and adversely affect our ability to market our products effectively. We are subject to numerous, complex, and
17
frequently changing laws, regulations, and contractual obligations designed to protect personal information, including in the
U.S., the European Union, Asia, and other jurisdictions. Non-U.S. data privacy and data security laws, various U.S. federal and
state laws, payment card industry security standards, and other information privacy and security standards are all applicable to
us. Significant legislative or regulatory changes could be adopted in the future, including in reaction to the Data Security
Incident or data breaches experienced by other companies. Compliance with changes in applicable data privacy laws and
regulations and contractual obligations, including responding to investigations into our compliance, may restrict our business
operations, increase our operating costs, increase our exposure to fines and litigation in the event of alleged non-compliance,
and adversely affect our reputation. Following the Data Security Incident, the Information Commissioner’s Office in the United
Kingdom (“ICO”) notified us that it had opened an investigation into our online privacy policy and related practices. This
investigation is separate from the ICO’s investigation specifically related to the Data Security Incident. As a result of this
investigation, we could be exposed to significant fines and remediation costs in addition to any imposed as a result of the Data
Security Incident, and adverse publicity related to the investigation could adversely affect our reputation.
Additionally, we rely on a variety of direct marketing techniques, including email marketing, online advertising, and
postal mailings. Any further restrictions in laws such as the CANSPAM Act, and various U.S. state laws, or new federal laws
on marketing and solicitation or international privacy, e-privacy, and anti-spam laws that govern these activities could adversely
affect the continuing effectiveness of email, online advertising, and postal mailing techniques and could force further changes
in our marketing strategy. If this occurs, we may not be able to develop adequate alternative marketing strategies, which could
impact the amount and timing of our sales of certain products. We also obtain access to potential guests and customers from
travel service providers or other companies with whom we have substantial relationships, and we market to some individuals
on these lists directly or by including our marketing message in the other company’s marketing materials. If access to these lists
were to be prohibited or otherwise restricted, our ability to develop new guests and customers and introduce them to our
products could be impaired.
Any disruption in the functioning of our reservation systems could adversely affect our performance and results. We
manage global reservation systems that communicate reservations to our branded hotels that individuals make directly with us
online, through our mobile apps, through our telephone call centers, or through intermediaries like travel agents, Internet travel
websites, and other distribution channels. The cost, speed, accuracy and efficiency of our reservation systems are critical
aspects of our business and are important considerations for hotel owners when choosing our brands. Our business may suffer if
we fail to maintain, upgrade, or prevent disruption to our reservation systems. In addition, the risk of disruption in the
functioning of our global reservation systems could increase with the ongoing systems integration that is part of our integration
of Starwood. Disruptions in or changes to our reservation systems could result in a disruption to our business and the loss of
important data.
Other Risks
Ineffective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements, reduce investor
confidence, and adversely impact our stock price. As discussed in Part II, Item 8 “Management’s Report on Internal Control
Over Financial Reporting” later in this report, in the 2018 fourth quarter, we identified a material weakness in internal control
related to our accounting for our Loyalty Program, which resulted in errors in our previously issued financial statements for the
2018 first, second, and third quarters. Internal controls related to the implementation of ASU 2014-09 and the accounting for
our Loyalty Program are important to accurately reflect our financial position and results of operations in our financial reports.
We are in the process of remediating the material weakness, but our efforts may not be successful. If we are unable to remediate
the material weakness in an appropriate and timely manner, or if we identify additional control deficiencies that individually or
together constitute significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, our ability to accurately record, process, and report financial
information and consequently, our ability to prepare financial statements within required time periods, could be adversely
affected. Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in violations of applicable securities
laws, stock exchange listing requirements, and the covenants under our debt agreements, subject us to litigation and
investigations, negatively affect investor confidence in our financial statements, and adversely impact our stock price and
ability to access capital markets.
Changes in laws and regulations could reduce our profits or increase our costs. We are subject to a wide variety of laws,
regulations, and policies in jurisdictions around the world, including those for financial reporting, taxes, healthcare,
cybersecurity, privacy, climate change, and the environment. Changes to such laws, regulations, or policies could reduce our
profits. We also anticipate that many of the jurisdictions where we do business will continue to review taxes and other revenue
raising measures, and any resulting changes could impose new restrictions, costs, or prohibitions on our current practices or
reduce our profits. In particular, governments may revise tax laws, regulations, or official interpretations in ways that could
significantly impact us, and other modifications could reduce the profits that we can effectively realize from our operations or
could require costly changes to those operations or the way in which they are structured.
18
We could be subject to additional tax liabilities. We are subject to a variety of taxes in the U.S. (federal and state) and
numerous foreign jurisdictions. We may recognize additional tax expense and be subject to additional tax liabilities due to
changes in laws, regulations, administrative practices, principles, and interpretations related to tax, including changes to the
global tax framework, competition, and other laws and accounting rules in various jurisdictions. Such changes could come
about as a result of economic, political, and other conditions.
Our tax expense and liabilities may also be affected by other factors, such as changes in our business operations,
acquisitions, investments, entry into new businesses and geographies, intercompany transactions, the relative amount of our
foreign earnings, losses incurred in jurisdictions for which we are not able to realize related tax benefits, the applicability of
special tax regimes, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, changes in our stock price, and changes in our deferred tax
assets and liabilities and their valuation. Significant judgment is required in evaluating and estimating our tax expense and
liabilities. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax
determination is uncertain. For example, the legislation known as the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”)
requires complex computations to be performed that were not previously required by U.S. tax law, significant judgments to be
made in interpretation of the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act, significant estimates in calculations, and the preparation and
analysis of information not previously relevant or regularly produced. The U.S. Treasury Department, the U.S. Internal
Revenue Service, and other standard-setting bodies will continue to interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the 2017
Tax Act will be applied or otherwise administered. As future guidance is issued, we may make adjustments to amounts that we
have previously recorded that may materially impact our financial statements in the period in which the adjustments are made.
We are also currently subject to tax controversies in various jurisdictions, and these jurisdictions may assess additional
tax liabilities against us. Developments in an audit, investigation, or other tax controversy could have a material effect on our
operating results or cash flows in the period or periods for which that development occurs, as well as for prior and subsequent
periods. We regularly assess the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from these proceedings to determine the adequacy
of our tax accruals. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final outcome of audits, investigations, and any
other tax controversies could be materially different from our historical tax accruals.
Delaware law and our governing corporate documents contain, and our Board of Directors could implement, anti-
takeover provisions that could deter takeover attempts. Under the Delaware business combination statute, a shareholder holding
15 percent or more of our outstanding voting stock could not acquire us without Board of Director consent for at least three
years after the date the shareholder first held 15 percent or more of the voting stock. Our governing corporate documents also,
among other things, require supermajority votes for mergers and similar transactions. In addition, our Board of Directors could,
without shareholder approval, implement other anti-takeover defenses, such as a shareholder rights plan.
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2.
Properties.
We describe our company-operated properties in Part I, Item 1. “Business” earlier in this report, and under the “Properties
and Rooms” caption in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.” We believe our owned and leased properties are in generally good physical condition with the need for only
routine repairs and maintenance and periodic capital improvements. Most of our regional offices, reservation centers, and sales
offices, as well as our corporate headquarters, are in leased facilities, both domestically and internationally.
19
As of December 31, 2018, we owned or leased the following hotel properties:
Properties
North American Full-Service
Owned Hotels
The St. Regis New York
The Westin Peachtree Plaza, Atlanta
Sheraton Grand Phoenix
Sheraton Gateway Hotel in Toronto International Airport
Las Vegas Marriott
Leased Hotels
W New York – Times Square
Renaissance New York Times Square Hotel
Anaheim Marriott
Kaua’i Marriott Resort
North American Limited-Service
Owned Hotels
Courtyard Las Vegas Convention Center
Residence Inn Las Vegas Convention Center
Leased Hotels
Albuquerque Airport Courtyard
Baltimore BWI Airport Courtyard
Baton Rouge Acadian Centre/LSU Area Courtyard
Chicago O'Hare Courtyard
Des Moines West/Clive Courtyard
Fort Worth University Drive Courtyard
Greensboro Courtyard
Indianapolis Airport Courtyard
Irvine John Wayne Airport/Orange County Courtyard
Louisville East Courtyard
Mt. Laurel Courtyard
Newark Liberty International Airport Courtyard
Orlando Airport Courtyard
Orlando International Drive/Convention Center Courtyard
Sacramento Airport Natomas Courtyard
San Diego Sorrento Valley Courtyard
Spokane Downtown at the Convention Center Courtyard
St. Louis Downtown West Courtyard
Asia Pacific
Leased Hotels
The Ritz-Carlton, Tokyo
The St. Regis Osaka
Location
Rooms
New York, NY
Atlanta, GA
Phoenix, AZ
Mississauga, Canada
Las Vegas, NV
New York, NY
New York, NY
Anaheim, CA
Lihue, HI
Las Vegas, NV
Las Vegas, NV
Albuquerque, NM
Linthicum, MD
Baton Rouge, LA
Des Plaines, IL
Clive, IA
Fort Worth, TX
Greensboro, NC
Indianapolis, IN
Irvine, CA
Louisville, KY
Mt Laurel, NJ
Newark, NJ
Orlando, FL
Orlando, FL
Sacramento, CA
San Diego, CA
Spokane, WA
St. Louis, MO
Tokyo, Japan
Osaka, Japan
238
1,073
1,000
474
278
509
317
1,030
356
149
192
150
149
149
180
108
130
149
151
153
151
151
146
149
151
149
149
149
151
250
160
20
Properties
Other International
Owned Hotels
Sheraton Grand Rio Hotel & Resort
Sheraton Lima Hotel & Convention Center
Sheraton Mexico City Maria Isabel Hotel
Courtyard by Marriott Toulouse Airport
Courtyard by Marriott Aberdeen Airport
Courtyard by Marriott Rio de Janeiro Barra da Tijuca
Residence Inn Rio de Janeiro Barra da Tijuca
Leased Hotels
Grosvenor House, A JW Marriott Hotel
The Ritz-Carlton, Berlin
W Barcelona
W London – Leicester Square
Hotel Alfonso XIII, a Luxury Collection Hotel, Seville
Hotel Maria Cristina, San Sebastian
Cape Town Marriott Hotel Crystal Towers
Frankfurt Marriott Hotel
Berlin Marriott Hotel
Leipzig Marriott Hotel
Heidelberg Marriott Hotel
Sheraton Diana Majestic, Milan
Renaissance Düsseldorf Hotel
Renaissance Hamburg Hotel
Renaissance Santo Domingo Jaragua Hotel & Casino
15 on Orange Hotel, Autograph Collection
African Pride Melrose Arch, Autograph Collection
Courtyard by Marriott Paris Gare de Lyon
Protea Hotel by Marriott Cape Town Sea Point
Protea Hotel by Marriott Midrand
Protea Hotel by Marriott Pretoria Centurion
Protea Hotel by Marriott O R Tambo Airport
Protea Hotel by Marriott Roodepoort
Protea Hotel Fire & Ice! by Marriott Cape Town
Protea Hotel Fire & Ice! by Marriott Johannesburg Melrose Arch
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings.
Location
Rooms
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Lima, Peru
Mexico City, Mexico
Toulouse, France
Aberdeen, UK
Barra da Tijuca, Brazil
Barra da Tijuca, Brazil
London, UK
Berlin, Germany
Barcelona, Spain
London, UK
Seville, Spain
San Sebastian, Spain
Cape Town, South Africa
Frankfurt, Germany
Berlin, Germany
Leipzig, Germany
Heidelberg, Germany
Milan, Italy
Düsseldorf, Germany
Hamburg, Germany
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Cape Town, South Africa
Johannesburg, South Africa
Paris, France
Cape Town, South Africa
Midrand, South Africa
Pretoria, South Africa
Johannesburg, South Africa
Roodepoort, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Johannesburg, South Africa
538
431
755
187
194
264
140
496
303
473
192
148
139
180
587
379
231
248
106
244
205
300
129
118
249
124
177
177
213
79
201
197
See the information under the “Litigation, Claims, and Government Investigations” caption in Footnote 7. Commitments
and Contingencies, which we incorporate here by reference.
From time to time, we are also subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including
adjustments proposed during governmental examinations of the various tax returns we file. While management presently
believes that the ultimate outcome of these other proceedings, individually and in aggregate, will not materially harm our
financial position, cash flows, or overall trends in results of operations, legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and
unfavorable rulings could, individually or in aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or
operating results.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
See the information under “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part III, Item 10 of this report for information about
our executive officers, which we incorporate here by reference.
21
PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities.
Market Information
At February 20, 2019, 339,668,839 shares of our Class A Common Stock (our “common stock”) were outstanding and
were held by 36,417 shareholders of record. Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”)
and the Chicago Stock Exchange under the trading symbol MAR.
Fourth Quarter 2018 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Period
October 1, 2018-October 31, 2018
November 1, 2018-November 30, 2018
December 1, 2018-December 31, 2018
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
Average Price
per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as Part
of Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs (1)
Maximum Number
of Shares That May Yet
Be Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs (1)
1.9
1.1
$
$
— $
111.79
117.64
—
1.9
1.1
—
11.8
10.7
10.7
(1)
On November 9, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors increased our common stock repurchase authorization by 30 million shares. At
year-end 2018, 10.7 million shares remained available for repurchase under Board approved authorizations. In addition, on February 15, 2019, our
Board of Directors further increased our common stock repurchase authorization by 25 million shares. We repurchase shares in the open market and
in privately negotiated transactions.
22
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following table presents a summary of our selected historical financial data derived from our last 10 years of Financial Statements. Because this information is only a summary
and does not provide all of the information contained in our Financial Statements, including the related notes, you should read “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” and our Financial Statements for each year for more detailed information including, among other items, our adoption of ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from
Contracts with Customers” in 2018, restructuring charges we incurred in 2016 and 2009, timeshare strategy-impairment charges we incurred in 2011 and 2009, and our 2011 spin-off of our
former timeshare operations and timeshare development business. For 2016, we include Legacy-Starwood results from the Merger Date to year-end 2016.
($ in millions, except per share data)
Income Statement Data:
Revenues (6)
Operating income (loss) (6)
Net income (loss) (6)
Per Share Data:
Diluted earnings (losses) per share (6)
Cash dividends declared per share
Balance Sheet Data (at year-end):
Total assets (4) (6)
Long-term debt (4)
Shareholders’ equity (deficit) (6)
Other Data:
Base management fees
Franchise fees (5) (6)
Incentive management fees
Total gross fees (5) (6)
Fee Revenue-Source:
North America (2) (5) (6)
Total Outside North America (3) (5)
Total gross fees (5) (6)
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
Fiscal Year (1)
$ 20,758
$ 20,452
$ 15,407
$ 14,486
$ 13,796
$ 12,784
$ 11,814
$ 12,317
$ 11,691
$
$
$
2,366
1,907
5.38
$
$
$
2,504
1,459
3.84
$
$
$
1,424
808
2.73
$
$
$
1,350
859
3.15
$
$
$
1,159
753
2.54
$
$
$
988
626
2.00
$
$
$
940
571
1.72
$
$
$
526
198
0.55
$
$
$
695
458
1.21
$ 1.5600
$ 1.2900
$ 1.1500
$ 0.9500
$ 0.7700
$ 0.6400
$ 0.4900
$ 0.3875
$ 0.2075
$ 23,696
$ 23,846
$ 24,078
$
8,514
2,225
1,140
1,849
649
3,638
2,641
997
3,638
7,840
3,582
1,102
1,586
607
3,295
2,388
907
3,295
$
$
$
$
8,197
6,265
806
$
1,157
425
2,388
1,845
543
2,388
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
6,082
3,807
(3,590)
698
984
319
2,001
1,586
415
2,001
$
6,833
$
6,794
$
6,342
$
5,910
$
3,447
(2,200)
3,147
(1,415)
2,528
(1,285)
1,816
(781)
$
$
$
$
672
872
302
1,846
1,439
407
1,846
$
$
$
$
621
697
256
1,574
1,200
374
1,574
$
$
$
$
581
607
232
1,420
1,074
346
1,420
$
$
$
$
602
506
195
1,303
970
333
1,303
$
$
$
$
8,983
2,691
1,585
562
441
182
1,185
878
307
1,185
$ 10,908
(152)
(346)
$
$
$
(0.97)
$ 0.0866
$
$
$
$
$
7,933
2,234
1,142
530
400
154
1,084
806
278
1,084
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
In 2013, we changed to a calendar year-end reporting cycle. All fiscal years presented before 2013 included 52 weeks.
Represents fee revenue from the U.S. (but not Hawaii before 2011) and Canada.
Represents fee revenue outside of North America, as defined in footnote (2) above.
In 2015, we adopted ASU No. 2015-03, which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs, and ASU No. 2015-17, which changes the classification of deferred taxes. Years before 2014 have not been adjusted for these new
accounting standards.
In 2017, we reclassified branding fees for third-party residential sales and credit card licensing to the “Franchise fees” caption from the “Owned, leased, and other revenue” caption on our Income Statements. We reclassified prior
period amounts through 2013 to conform to our current presentation. We did not reclassify amounts for years before 2013.
In 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, which impacted our annual recognition of revenues and certain expenses. Years before 2016 have not been adjusted for this new accounting standard.
23
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
BUSINESS AND OVERVIEW
Overview
We are a worldwide operator, franchisor, and licensor of hotel, residential, and timeshare properties in 130 countries and
territories under 30 brand names. Under our asset-light business model, we typically manage or franchise hotels, rather than
own them. We discuss our operations in the following reportable business segments: North American Full-Service, North
American Limited-Service, and Asia Pacific. Our Europe, Middle East and Africa, and Caribbean and Latin America operating
segments do not individually meet the criteria for separate disclosure as reportable segments.
We earn base management fees and in many cases incentive management fees from the properties that we manage, and
we earn franchise fees on the properties that others operate under franchise agreements with us. In most markets, base
management and franchise fees typically consist of a percentage of property-level revenue, or certain property-level revenue in
the case of franchise fees, while incentive management fees typically consist of a percentage of net house profit after a
specified owner return. In our Middle East and Africa and Asia Pacific regions, incentive management fees typically consist of
a percentage of gross operating profit without adjustment for a specified owner return. Net house profit is calculated as gross
operating profit (also referred to as “house profit,” which we discuss under the “Performance Measures” section below) less
non-controllable expenses such as insurance, real estate taxes, and capital spending reserves.
Our emphasis on long-term management contracts and franchising tends to provide more stable earnings in periods of
economic softness, while adding new hotels to our system generates growth, typically with little or no investment by the
Company. This strategy has driven substantial growth while minimizing financial leverage and risk in a cyclical industry. In
addition, we believe minimizing our capital investments and adopting a strategy of recycling our investments maximizes and
maintains our financial flexibility.
We remain focused on doing the things that we do well; that is, selling rooms, taking care of our guests, and making sure
we control costs both at company-operated properties and at the corporate level (“above-property”). We provide our guests new
and memorable experiences through our portfolio of brands, innovative technology, personalized guest recognition, and access
to travel experiences through our Marriott Bonvoy Moments program. Our brands remain strong due to our skilled
management teams, dedicated associates, superior guest service with an emphasis on guest and associate satisfaction,
significant distribution, our Loyalty Program, multichannel reservation systems, and desirable property amenities. We strive to
effectively leverage our size and broad distribution.
We, along with owners and franchisees, continue to invest in our brands by means of new, refreshed, and reinvented
properties, new room and public space designs, and enhanced amenities, technology offerings, and guest experiences. We
address, through various means, hotels in our system that do not meet our standards. We continue to enhance the appeal of our
proprietary, information-rich, and easy-to-use websites, and of our associated mobile smartphone applications, through
functionality and service improvements.
Our profitability, as well as that of owners and franchisees, has benefited from our approach to property-level and above-
property productivity. Managed properties in our system continue to maintain tight cost controls. We also control above-
property costs, some of which we allocate to hotels, by remaining focused on systems, processing, and support areas.
24
Data Security Incident
On November 30, 2018, we announced a data security incident involving unauthorized access to the Starwood
reservations database (the “Data Security Incident”). Working with leading security experts, we determined that there was
unauthorized access to the Starwood network since 2014 and that an unauthorized party had copied information from the
Starwood reservations database and taken steps towards removing it. The information copied from the Starwood reservations
database over time included information about guests who made a reservation at a Starwood property, including names, mailing
addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, passport numbers, payment card numbers and expiration dates, Starwood Preferred
Guest account information, dates of birth, gender, arrival and departure information, reservation dates, and communication
preferences. The combination of information varied by guest. Based on our analysis as of the date of this filing, we believe that
the upper limit for the total number of guest records involved in this incident is approximately 383 million records. In many
instances, there appear to be multiple records for the same guest, so we have concluded with a fair degree of certainty that
information for fewer than 383 million unique guests was involved, although we are currently unable to quantify that lower
number because of the nature of the data in the database. Based on our analysis as of the date of this filing, we believe that the
information accessed by an unauthorized third party included approximately 5.25 million unencrypted passport numbers,
approximately 18.5 million encrypted passport numbers and approximately 9.1 million encrypted payment card numbers
(approximately 385,000 of which cards were unexpired as of September 2018). Certain data analytics work continues,
including by the investigative firm engaged on behalf of the payment card networks, and based on the preliminary information
we have as of the date of this filing, we believe that the information accessed by an unauthorized third party could include
several thousand unencrypted payment card numbers.
Upon receiving information that an alert from an internal security tool was related to an attempt to access the Starwood
reservations database, we quickly engaged leading security experts to conduct a comprehensive forensic review to determine
the scope of the intrusion, including the specific data impacted, and assist with containment measures. While that forensic
review of the incident is now complete, certain data analytics work continues. We reported this incident to law enforcement and
continue to support their investigation. We have completed the planned phase out of the operation of the Starwood reservations
database, effective as of the end of 2018.
Following the Data Security Incident, we began a guest outreach effort and offered certain services to help guests monitor
and protect their information. Promptly following our announcement of the incident, we began sending emails on a rolling
basis directly to various Starwood guests whose email addresses were in the Starwood reservations database, and we completed
sending these emails on December 21, 2018. We also established a multi-language dedicated website and multi-language call
center to answer guests’ questions about the incident. The dedicated website provides guests details of the incident, the
information affected, the steps being taken to investigate, FAQs and information about how guests can monitor and protect their
information. We are offering free web monitoring solutions for affected guests in certain jurisdictions where the monitoring
services are available.
To date, we have not seen a meaningful impact on demand as a result of the Data Security Incident.
We are currently unable to estimate the range of total possible financial impact to the Company from the Data Security
Incident. However, we do not believe this incident will impact our long-term financial health. We maintain insurance designed
to limit our exposure to losses such as those related to the Data Security Incident. We expect that the cost of such insurance will
increase significantly in 2019 and future years. We expect to incur significant expenses associated with the Data Security
Incident in future periods, primarily related to legal proceedings and regulatory investigations, increased expenses and capital
investments for IT and information security, incident response and customer care, and increased expenses for insurance,
compliance activities, and to meet increased legal and regulatory requirements. See Footnote 7. Commitments and
Contingencies for information related to expenses incurred in 2018, insurance recoveries, and legal proceedings and
governmental investigations related to the Data Security Incident.
Performance Measures
We believe RevPAR, which we calculate by dividing room sales for comparable properties by room nights available for
the period, is a meaningful indicator of our performance because it measures the period-over-period change in room revenues
for comparable properties. RevPAR may not be comparable to similarly titled measures, such as revenues. We also believe
occupancy and average daily rate (“ADR”), which are components of calculating RevPAR, are meaningful indicators of our
performance. Occupancy, which we calculate by dividing occupied rooms by total rooms available, measures the utilization of
a property’s available capacity. ADR, which we calculate by dividing property room revenue by total rooms sold, measures
average room price and is useful in assessing pricing levels.
Our RevPAR statistics for 2018, 2017, and 2016, include Legacy-Starwood comparable properties for each of the full
years even though Marriott did not own the Legacy-Starwood brands before the Merger Date. Therefore, our RevPAR statistics
25
include Legacy-Starwood properties for periods during which fees from the Legacy-Starwood properties are not included in our
Income Statements. We provide these RevPAR statistics as an indicator of the performance of our brands and to allow for
comparison to industry metrics, and they should not be viewed as necessarily correlating with our fee revenue. Comparisons to
the prior year period are on a constant U.S. dollar basis. We calculate constant dollar statistics by applying exchange rates for
the current period to the prior comparable period.
We define our comparable properties as our properties, including those that we acquired through the Starwood
Combination, that were open and operating under one of our Legacy-Marriott or Legacy-Starwood brands since the beginning
of the last full calendar year (since January 1, 2017 for the current period) and have not, in either the current or previous year:
(i) undergone significant room or public space renovations or expansions, (ii) been converted between company-operated and
franchised, or (iii) sustained substantial property damage or business interruption. For 2018 compared to 2017, we had 4,109
comparable North American properties and 1,173 comparable International properties. For 2017 compared to 2016, we had
3,883 comparable North American properties and 1,030 comparable International properties.
We also believe company-operated house profit margin, which is the ratio of property-level gross operating profit to total
property-level revenue, is a meaningful indicator of our performance because this ratio measures our overall ability as the
operator to produce property-level profits by generating sales and controlling the operating expenses over which we have the
most direct control. House profit includes room, food and beverage, and other revenue and the related expenses including
payroll and benefits expenses, as well as repairs and maintenance, utility, general and administrative, and sales and marketing
expenses. House profit does not include the impact of management fees, furniture, fixtures and equipment replacement
reserves, insurance, taxes, or other fixed expenses.
Business Trends
Our 2018 full-year results reflected a year-over-year increase in the number of properties in our system, favorable
demand for our brands in many markets around the world, and generally favorable economic conditions. Comparable
worldwide systemwide RevPAR for 2018 increased 2.6 percent to $117.37, ADR increased 2.0 percent on a constant dollar
basis to $160.37, and occupancy increased 0.4 percentage points to 73.2 percent, compared to 2017.
In North America, RevPAR increased in 2018, driven by both higher transient and group demand. RevPAR growth was
partially constrained by new lodging supply in certain markets and comparisons to 2017 natural disasters. In our Asia Pacific
segment in 2018, RevPAR grew in most markets, led by China, Indonesia and India. Our Europe region experienced higher
demand in 2018, led by strong transient business in most countries and demand from the World Cup, partially constrained by
lower RevPAR in Spain. In our Middle East and Africa region, RevPAR decreased due to geopolitical instability and supply
growth in the Middle East, partially offset by strong growth in Africa. RevPAR grew across our Caribbean and Latin America
region, driven by higher ADR, partially due to lower supply following 2017 hurricane activity in the Caribbean.
For our company-operated properties, we continue to focus on enhancing property-level house profit margins and making
productivity improvements. In 2018 compared to 2017 at comparable properties, worldwide company-operated house profit
margins increased by 40 basis points, primarily reflecting RevPAR growth, improved productivity, procurement cost savings,
and synergy savings from the Starwood Combination. International company-operated house profit margins increased by 70
basis points, and North American company-operated house profit margins increased by 10 basis points.
System Growth and Pipeline
In 2018, we added 494 properties with 80,255 rooms around the world across our portfolio of brands. Approximately 45
percent of the added rooms are located outside North America, and 12 percent are conversions from competitor brands. In
2018, 107 properties (21,176 rooms) exited our system.
At year-end 2018, our development pipeline grew to a record 478,000 rooms, with more than half located outside of
North America. The pipeline includes hotel rooms under construction and under signed contracts, and nearly 23,000 hotel
rooms approved for development but not yet under signed contracts. In 2018, we signed management and franchise agreements
for 816 properties (125,000 rooms), setting company records for rooms signings in Europe and Middle East and Africa and
hotel signings in Asia Pacific. Contracts signed in 2018 also reflected the Company’s strength in the industry’s highest tier, with
29 properties (6,200 rooms) signed across six luxury brands.
In 2019, we expect the number of our open hotel rooms will increase approximately 5.5 percent net, reflecting room exits
of 1.0 to 1.5 percent.
26
Properties and Rooms
At year-end 2018, we operated, franchised, and licensed the following properties and rooms:
Managed
Franchised/Licensed
Owned/Leased
Other (1)
Total
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
Properties
Rooms
North American
Full-Service
North American
Limited-Service
Asia Pacific
Other
International
Timeshare
Total
413
184,541
705
202,204
408
64,372
3,432
395,522
612
179,243
98
27,258
524
—
121,508
—
411
89
82,243
22,186
1,957
549,664
4,735
729,413
9
20
2
32
—
63
5,275
3,006
410
8,404
—
17,095
—
49
—
102
—
151
—
1,127
392,020
8,447
3,909
471,347
—
712
206,911
12,749
—
21,196
1,069
224,904
89
22,186
6,906
1,317,368
(1)
Other represents unconsolidated equity method investments, which we present in the “Equity in earnings” caption of our Income Statements.
27
Lodging Statistics
The following lodging statistics present RevPAR, occupancy, and ADR for comparable properties 2018, 2018 compared
to 2017, 2017, and 2017 compared to 2016, including Legacy-Starwood comparable properties for the full years even though
Marriott did not own the Legacy-Starwood brands before the Merger Date. Systemwide statistics include data from our
franchised properties, in addition to our company-operated properties.
2018 Compared to 2017
North American Luxury (1)
North American Upper Upscale (2)
North American Full-Service (3)
North American Limited-Service (4)
North American - All (5)
Greater China
Rest of Asia Pacific
Asia Pacific
Caribbean & Latin America
Europe
Middle East & Africa
International - All (6)
Worldwide (7)
North American Luxury (1)
North American Upper Upscale (2)
North American Full-Service (3)
North American Limited-Service (4)
North American - All (5)
Greater China
Rest of Asia Pacific
Asia Pacific
Caribbean & Latin America
Europe
Middle East & Africa
International - All (6)
Worldwide (7)
Comparable Company-Operated Properties
RevPAR
Occupancy
Average Daily Rate
2018
vs. 2017
2018
vs. 2017
2018
vs. 2017
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
258.71
151.44
169.44
109.72
150.42
94.54
129.25
107.43
131.52
151.86
102.39
118.86
134.58
3.3 %
1.9 %
2.2 %
0.3 %
1.8 %
7.6 %
7.3 %
7.5 %
8.6 %
4.8 %
(1.8)%
5.2 %
3.3 %
76.9%
76.0%
76.1%
74.9%
75.7%
72.3%
75.6%
73.5%
64.8%
74.0%
66.4%
71.6%
73.7%
(0.5)% pts.
— % pts.
(0.1)% pts.
(0.4)% pts.
(0.2)% pts.
2.6 % pts.
1.6 % pts.
2.2 % pts.
0.1 % pts.
0.7 % pts.
2.4 % pts.
1.7 % pts.
0.8 % pts.
Comparable Systemwide Properties
RevPAR
Occupancy
2018
vs. 2017
2018
vs. 2017
245.35
132.64
143.64
99.29
118.51
93.96
128.40
109.14
104.77
134.10
98.38
114.56
117.37
3.5 %
1.8 %
2.1 %
0.9 %
1.5 %
7.5 %
7.0 %
7.2 %
7.4 %
5.8 %
(1.6)%
5.5 %
2.6 %
77.0%
73.5%
73.8%
74.3%
74.1%
71.7%
75.3%
73.3%
63.2%
73.0%
66.1%
70.9%
73.2%
(0.3)% pts.
(0.1)% pts.
(0.1)% pts.
— % pts.
(0.1)% pts.
2.7 % pts.
1.6 % pts.
2.2 % pts.
0.1 % pts.
1.4 % pts.
2.0 % pts.
1.7 % pts.
0.4 % pts.
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
336.58
199.35
222.60
146.55
198.66
130.77
170.99
146.14
202.84
205.15
154.17
165.91
182.67
3.9 %
1.9 %
2.3 %
0.8 %
2.0 %
3.7 %
5.0 %
4.2 %
8.5 %
3.8 %
(5.3)%
2.7 %
2.2 %
Average Daily Rate
2018
vs. 2017
318.54
180.54
194.59
133.61
159.94
131.07
170.43
148.90
165.71
183.74
148.87
161.48
160.37
3.8 %
1.9 %
2.2 %
1.0 %
1.6 %
3.5 %
4.7 %
4.0 %
7.3 %
3.7 %
(4.6)%
3.0 %
2.0 %
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Includes JW Marriott, The Ritz-Carlton, W Hotels, The Luxury Collection, St. Regis, and EDITION.
Includes Marriott Hotels, Sheraton, Westin, Renaissance, Autograph Collection, Delta Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, and Le Méridien. Systemwide also
includes Tribute Portfolio.
Includes North American Luxury and North American Upper Upscale.
Includes Courtyard, Residence Inn, Fairfield by Marriott, SpringHill Suites, TownePlace Suites, Four Points, Aloft, Element,
and AC Hotels by Marriott. Systemwide also includes Moxy.
Includes North American Full-Service and North American Limited-Service.
Includes Asia Pacific, Caribbean & Latin America, Europe, and Middle East & Africa.
Includes North American - All and International - All.
28
2017 Compared to 2016
North American Luxury (1)
North American Upper Upscale (2)
North American Full-Service (3)
North American Limited-Service (4)
North American - All (5)
Greater China
Rest of Asia Pacific
Asia Pacific
Caribbean & Latin America
Europe
Middle East & Africa
International - All (6)
Worldwide (7)
North American Luxury (1)
North American Upper Upscale (2)
North American Full-Service (3)
North American Limited-Service (4)
North American - All (5)
Greater China
Rest of Asia Pacific
Asia Pacific
Caribbean & Latin America
Europe
Middle East & Africa
International - All (6)
Worldwide (7)
Comparable Company-Operated Properties
RevPAR
Occupancy
Average Daily Rate
2017
vs. 2016
2017
vs. 2016
2017
vs. 2016
244.19
149.68
166.28
107.99
148.40
90.26
119.10
100.39
130.48
138.70
106.33
113.32
131.14
2.5%
2.3%
2.4%
1.4%
2.2%
8.4%
6.1%
7.4%
3.9%
6.9%
1.9%
6.0%
3.8%
77.5%
76.2%
76.4%
75.2%
76.0%
71.5%
75.4%
72.8%
66.5%
73.5%
65.7%
71.2%
73.7%
1.1% pts.
0.6% pts.
0.7% pts.
0.2% pts.
0.5% pts.
6.0% pts.
3.1% pts.
5.0% pts.
2.6% pts.
2.0% pts.
1.5% pts.
3.5% pts.
2.0% pts.
Comparable Systemwide Properties
RevPAR
Occupancy
2017
vs. 2016
2017
vs. 2016
232.19
131.11
141.70
98.29
117.56
90.37
118.36
102.27
104.10
123.44
101.98
108.78
115.02
2.8%
2.0%
2.1%
2.0%
2.1%
8.5%
5.1%
6.8%
4.0%
7.2%
2.0%
5.9%
3.1%
77.3%
73.7%
74.1%
74.6%
74.4%
70.9%
74.8%
72.6%
64.3%
71.9%
65.4%
70.3%
73.2%
1.2% pts.
0.3% pts.
0.4% pts.
0.7% pts.
0.6% pts.
6.0% pts.
2.5% pts.
4.5% pts.
2.1% pts.
2.7% pts.
1.5% pts.
3.2% pts.
1.4% pts.
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
314.90
196.46
217.56
143.65
195.15
126.33
158.02
137.85
196.31
188.69
161.95
159.14
178.02
1.0 %
1.5 %
1.4 %
1.1 %
1.4 %
(0.7)%
1.6 %
0.1 %
(0.2)%
3.9 %
(0.5)%
0.8 %
1.0 %
Average Daily Rate
2017
vs. 2016
300.34
177.87
191.25
131.74
158.05
127.47
158.21
140.94
161.91
171.72
155.90
154.71
157.12
1.2 %
1.5 %
1.6 %
1.0 %
1.3 %
(0.7)%
1.6 %
0.2 %
0.6 %
3.2 %
(0.4)%
1.1 %
1.2 %
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Includes JW Marriott, The Ritz-Carlton, W Hotels, The Luxury Collection, St. Regis, and EDITION.
Includes Marriott Hotels, Sheraton, Westin, Renaissance, Autograph Collection, Delta Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, Le Méridien, and Tribute Portfolio.
Includes North American Luxury and North American Upper Upscale.
Includes Courtyard, Residence Inn, Fairfield by Marriott, SpringHill Suites, Four Points, TownePlace Suites, and AC Hotels by Marriott. Systemwide also
includes Aloft and Element.
Includes North American Full-Service and North American Limited-Service.
Includes Asia Pacific, Caribbean & Latin America, Europe, and Middle East & Africa.
Includes North American - All and International - All.
29
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
The following discussion presents an analysis of our consolidated results of operations for 2018, 2017, and 2016. In
accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), our Income Statements include Legacy-Starwood’s
results of operations from the Merger Date. All references to the effect of Legacy-Starwood operations on our 2017 results refer
to the incremental amounts contributed by Legacy-Starwood operations in 2017 over the effect of Legacy-Starwood operations
on our results for the period from the Merger Date through December 31, 2016.
The following discussion also reflects our adoption of several new accounting standards. See the “New Accounting
Standards Adopted” caption in Footnote 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.
Our 2017 results were favorably impacted by the non-recurring gain on the disposition of our ownership interest in
Avendra, discussed in Footnote 3. Dispositions and Acquisitions. We committed to the owners of the hotels in our system that
the benefits derived from Avendra, including any dividends or sale proceeds above our original investment, would be used for
the benefit of the hotels in our system. Accordingly, in 2018 we used $115 million ($85 million after-tax) of the net proceeds,
and we intend to use the remainder of the net proceeds, for the benefit of our system of hotels. Spending under those plans is,
and will be, expensed in the “Reimbursed expenses” caption of our Income Statements, causing a reduction in our profitability
in the periods it is expensed.
Fee Revenues
($ in millions)
Base management fees
Franchise fees
Incentive management fees
Gross fee revenues
Contract investment amortization
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
$
1,140
$
1,102
$
806
$
1,849
649
3,638
(58)
1,586
607
3,295
(50)
1,157
425
2,388
(40)
38
263
42
343
8
335
3% $
17%
7%
10%
16%
10% $
296
429
182
907
10
897
37%
37%
43%
38%
25%
38%
Net fee revenues
$
3,580
$
3,245
$
2,348
$
2018 Compared to 2017
The $38 million increase in base management fees primarily reflected $29 million from unit growth, $28 million from
RevPAR growth, and $8 million from net favorable foreign exchange rates, partially offset by lower fees of $17 million from
properties that converted from managed to franchised and $14 million from properties that were terminated.
The $263 million increase in franchise fees primarily reflected $143 million of higher branding fees, driven by $138
million of higher fees from our co-brand credit card agreements, $82 million from unit growth, $21 million from RevPAR
growth, $15 million from properties that converted from managed to franchised, and $6 million of higher relicensing and
application fees, partially offset by lower fees of $9 million from properties that were terminated.
The $42 million increase in incentive management fees primarily reflected net higher profits at managed hotels and $14
million from unit growth.
In 2018, we earned incentive management fees from 72 percent of our managed properties worldwide versus 71 percent
in 2017. We earned incentive management fees from 59 percent of managed properties in North America and 82 percent of
managed properties outside North America in 2018, compared to 60 percent in North America and 80 percent outside North
America in 2017. In addition, 63 percent of our total incentive management fees in 2018 came from our managed properties
outside North America versus 62 percent in 2017.
2017 Compared to 2016
The $296 million increase in base management fees primarily reflected $273 million of higher Legacy-Starwood fees,
$18 million from stronger sales at Legacy-Marriott comparable properties primarily driven by RevPAR growth, and $14 million
from Legacy-Marriott unit growth, partially offset by $6 million of lower fees from Legacy-Marriott properties that converted
from managed to franchised and $4 million from Legacy-Marriott net unfavorable exchange rates.
The $429 million increase in franchise fees primarily reflected $341 million of higher Legacy-Starwood fees, $54 million
from Legacy-Marriott unit growth, $18 million from Legacy-Marriott RevPAR growth, $14 million of higher Legacy-Marriott
branding fees, and $7 million of higher fees from Legacy-Marriott properties that converted from managed to franchised.
30
The $182 million increase in incentive management fees primarily reflected $159 million of higher Legacy-Starwood fees
and $22 million from higher net house profits at Legacy-Marriott managed hotels.
The $10 million increase in contract investment amortization primarily reflected $5 million of higher contract write-offs
related to terminated contracts at Legacy-Marriott hotels.
Owned, Leased, and Other
($ in millions)
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
Owned, leased, and other revenue
Owned, leased, and other - direct expenses
$
$
1,635
1,306
329
$
$
1,752
1,411
341
$
$
1,125
901
224
$
$
(117)
(105)
(12)
(7)% $
(7)%
(4)% $
627
510
117
56%
57%
52%
2018 Compared to 2017
Owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses decreased by $12 million, primarily due to $81 million of lower
owned and leased profits attributable to properties sold, partially offset by $51 million of higher termination fees and $17
million of net stronger results at our remaining owned and leased properties.
2017 Compared to 2016
Owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses increased by $117 million, primarily due to $140 million of
higher Legacy-Starwood owned and leased profits, partially offset by $15 million of lower Global Design profits and $7
million of net lower Legacy-Marriott owned and leased profits, primarily driven by lower RevPAR in Brazil and properties
under renovation.
Cost Reimbursements
($ in millions)
Cost reimbursement revenue
Reimbursed expenses
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
$
$
15,543
$
15,455
15,778
15,228
(235) $
227
$
$
11,934
11,834
100
$
$
88
550
(462)
1 % $
4 %
(204)% $
3,521
3,394
127
30%
29%
127%
Cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursed expenses, varies due to timing differences between the costs we incur for
centralized programs and services and the related reimbursements we receive from hotel owners and franchisees. Over the long
term, our centralized programs and services are not designed to impact our economics, either positively or negatively.
2018 Compared to 2017
Cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursed expenses, decreased $462 million, primarily due to lower Loyalty
Program revenues net of expenses, spending funded by the proceeds from the 2017 sale of our interest in Avendra, and higher
expenses for reservations and marketing.
2017 Compared to 2016
Cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursed expenses, increased $127 million, primarily due to $285 million of higher
Legacy-Starwood activity, partially offset by $158 million of lower Legacy-Marriott cost reimbursement revenue, net of
reimbursed expenses primarily driven by higher expenses for reservations and IT systems initiatives and lower Marriott
Rewards revenue net of expenses.
Other Operating Expenses
($ in millions)
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
Depreciation, amortization, and other
$
General, administrative, and other
Merger-related costs and charges
$
226
927
155
$
229
921
159
$
119
743
386
(3)
6
(4)
(1)% $
1 %
(3)%
110
178
(227)
92 %
24 %
(59)%
2018 Compared to 2017
General, administrative, and other expenses increased by $6 million, primarily due to $51 million of company-funded
supplemental retirement savings plan contributions in 2018 and $20 million of higher professional fees, partially offset by
31
administrative cost savings largely due to synergies associated with the Starwood Combination. Company-funded supplemental
retirement savings plan contributions represent an additional one-time contribution of up to $1,000 per eligible associate.
Merger-related costs and charges decreased by $4 million, primarily due to $17 million of 2017 transaction costs that did
not occur in 2018 and $6 million of lower employee termination costs, partially offset by $19 million of higher integration
costs.
2017 Compared to 2016
Depreciation, amortization, and other expenses increased by $110 million, primarily reflecting higher depreciation and
amortization on Legacy-Starwood assets.
General, administrative, and other expenses increased by $178 million, primarily due to the Starwood Combination, $14
million of higher litigation expenses, $10 million of higher compensation expenses, and $10 million from net unfavorable
foreign exchange rates.
Merger-related costs and charges decreased by $227 million, primarily due to lower employee termination and
transaction costs, partially offset by $39 million of higher integration costs.
Non-Operating Income (Expense)
($ in millions)
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
Gains and other income, net
$
194
$
688
$
5
$
(494)
(72)% $
683
13,660%
Interest expense
Interest income
Equity in earnings
2018 Compared to 2017
(340)
22
103
(288)
(234)
38
40
35
9
52
(16)
63
18 %
(42)%
158 %
54
3
31
23%
9%
344%
Gains and other income, net decreased by $494 million, primarily due to the 2017 gain on the disposition of our
ownership interest in Avendra, net of a 2018 true-up ($653 million) and the 2017 gain on the sale of the Charlotte Marriott City
Center ($24 million), partially offset by 2018 gains on our property sales ($132 million), sales of our interest in four equity
method investments ($46 million), and modification of a ground lease at one of our offices ($6 million).
Interest expense increased by $52 million, primarily due to higher commercial paper interest rates and average
borrowings and higher interest on Senior Note issuances, net of maturities ($6 million).
Interest income decreased by $16 million, primarily due to lower outstanding loan balances.
Equity in earnings increased by $63 million, primarily due to our share of the gains on the sales of two properties held by
equity method investees ($65 million), partially offset by our $6 million share of the 2017 gain on an equity method investee’s
sale of a property.
2017 Compared to 2016
Gains and other income, net increased by $683 million, primarily due to the gain on the disposition of our ownership
interest in Avendra and the gain on the sale of the Charlotte Marriott City Center. See the “Dispositions” caption of Footnote 3.
Dispositions and Acquisitions for more information.
Interest expense increased by $54 million, primarily due to an increase in debt as a result of the Starwood Combination
and higher commercial paper borrowings, partially offset by $18 million of lower interest due to Senior Note maturities and a
$13 million favorable variance to the bridge term loan facility commitment costs that we incurred in 2016.
Interest income increased by $3 million, primarily due to issuances of new loans, partially offset by $7 million of lower
interest income on a repaid loan.
Equity in earnings increased by $31 million, primarily due to higher earnings by Legacy-Starwood investees.
32
Income Taxes
($ in millions)
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
Provision for income taxes
$
(438) $
(1,523) $
(431) $
(1,085)
(71)% $
1,092
253%
2018 Compared to 2017
Provision for income taxes decreased by $1,085 million, primarily due to the nonrecurring net tax expense in 2017 related
to the 2017 Tax Act and the reduction of the U.S. federal tax rate in 2018 ($744 million), the prior year gain on the sale of our
interest in Avendra ($257 million), increased earnings in jurisdictions with lower tax rates ($57 million), lower operating
income ($46 million), reduction of our one-time net tax charge related to the 2017 Tax Act transition tax and the remeasurement
of deferred income taxes ($41 million), the release of tax reserves due to the completion of certain examinations ($34 million),
and the income tax consequences of an intercompany transaction ($18 million). The decrease was partially offset by the current
period’s provisional estimate of tax for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) under the 2017 Tax Act ($34 million), tax
expense incurred for uncertain tax positions relating to Legacy-Starwood operations ($30 million), an unfavorable comparison
to a 2017 benefit due to tax law changes adopted in non-U.S. jurisdictions in 2017 ($18 million), the 2017 reversal of tax
reserves related to interest accrued for previous periods ($15 million), net tax expense on dispositions ($13 million), and the
2017 release of a tax reserve due to the favorable settlement of a tax position ($12 million).
See Footnote 6. Income Taxes for further information on the 2017 Tax Act.
2017 Compared to 2016
Provision for income taxes increased by $1,092 million, primarily due to the 2017 Tax Act ($586 million), higher earnings
due to the inclusion of Legacy-Starwood operations for the full year 2017 ($275 million), the gain on the sale of our interest in
Avendra ($259 million), lower merger-related costs ($86 million), an unfavorable comparison to the 2016 release of a valuation
allowance ($15 million), the gain on the disposition of a North American Full-Service property ($9 million), and a change in
judgment regarding the realizability of certain deferred tax assets in certain states and foreign jurisdictions ($7 million). The
increase was partially offset by tax benefits from the adoption of ASU 2016-09 ($72 million), change in the jurisdictional mix
of earnings ($25 million), tax law changes in non-U.S. jurisdictions ($22 million), the reversal of tax reserves related to interest
accrued for previous periods ($15 million), and adjustments resulting from finalizing prior years’ returns ($10 million).
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The following discussion presents an analysis of the results of operations of our reportable business segments: North
American Full-Service, North American Limited-Service, and Asia Pacific. Our Europe, Middle East and Africa, and Caribbean
and Latin America operating segments do not individually meet the criteria for separate disclosure as reportable segments, and
accordingly we have not included those operations in this discussion of our Business Segments. See Footnote 17. Business
Segments to our Financial Statements for other information about each segment, including revenues and a reconciliation of
segment profits to net income.
Our 2016 results in this section do not include any Legacy-Starwood results for the period between the Merger Date and
the end of the 2016 third quarter, as we did not allocate any Legacy-Starwood results to our segments for the eight days ended
September 30, 2016.
North American Full-Service
($ in millions)
Segment revenues
Segment profits
2018 Compared to 2017
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
$
$
13,072
1,153
$
$
12,909
1,238
$
$
9,424
801
$
$
163
(85)
1 % $
3,485
(7)% $
437
37%
55%
In 2018, across our North American Full-Service segment, we added 44 properties (10,454 rooms) and 20 properties
(6,923 rooms) left our system.
North American Full-Service segment profits decreased by $85 million, primarily due to the following:
•
$119 million of lower cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursed expenses;
33
•
•
•
•
•
•
$45 million of higher base management and franchise fees, primarily reflecting $23 million from unit growth, $18
million from RevPAR growth, and $5 million of higher residential branding fees, partially offset by $10 million of
lower fees from properties that were terminated;
$8 million of higher incentive management fees, primarily driven by net higher profits at managed hotels;
$24 million of lower owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses, primarily reflecting $60 million of
lower owned and leased profits attributable to properties sold, partially offset by $24 million of higher termination fees
and $15 million of net stronger results at our remaining owned and leased properties;
$13 million of lower general, administrative, and other expenses, primarily due to administrative cost savings largely
due to synergies associated with the Starwood Combination;
$1 million of lower gains and other income, net, primarily due to the 2017 gain on the sale of the Charlotte Marriott
City Center of $24 million, partially offset by the 2018 gain on the sale of two properties of $22 million; and
$1 million of higher equity in earnings, primarily due to our $10 million share of the 2018 gain on an equity method
investee’s sale of a property, partially offset by our $6 million share of the 2017 gain on an equity method investee’s
sale of a property.
2017 Compared to 2016
In 2017, across our North American Full-Service segment we added 55 properties (13,056 rooms) and 12 properties
(2,912 rooms) left our system.
North American Full-Service segment profits increased by $437 million, primarily due to the following:
$38 million of higher cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursed expenses;
$301 million of higher base management and franchise fees, primarily reflecting $292 million of higher Legacy-
Starwood fees, $14 million from Legacy-Marriott unit growth, and $8 million of stronger RevPAR at Legacy-Marriott
hotels, partially offset by $17 million of lower Legacy-Marriott residential branding fees;
$45 million of higher incentive management fees, primarily driven by $31 million of higher Legacy-Starwood fees
and higher net house profits at Legacy-Marriott managed hotels;
$60 million of higher owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses, primarily reflecting $67 million of
higher Legacy-Starwood owned and leased profits;
$39 million of higher depreciation, amortization, and other expenses, primarily reflecting higher depreciation and
amortization on Legacy-Starwood assets;
$22 million of higher gains and other income, net, primarily due to the gain on the sale of a North American Full-
Service hotel in the 2017 second quarter; and
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
$16 million of higher equity in earnings, primarily due to higher earnings by Legacy-Starwood investees.
North American Limited-Service
($ in millions)
Segment revenues
Segment profits
2018 Compared to 2017
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
$
$
3,217
786
$
$
3,219
827
$
$
2,894
702
$
$
(2)
(41)
— % $
(5)% $
325
125
11%
18%
In 2018, across our North American Limited-Service segment we added 281 properties (33,418 rooms) and 38 properties
(3,415 rooms) left our system.
North American Limited-Service segment profits decreased by $41 million, primarily due to the following:
•
$100 million of lower cost reimbursement revenue, net of direct expenses; and
34
•
$63 million of higher base management and franchise fees, primarily reflecting $56 million from unit growth, $7
million from RevPAR growth, and $5 million of higher relicensing and application fees, partially offset by $6 million
of lower fees from properties that were terminated.
2017 Compared to 2016
In 2017, across our North American Limited-Service segment we added 270 properties (33,128 rooms) and 26 properties
(2,875 rooms) left our system.
North American Limited-Service segment profits increased by $125 million, primarily due to the following:
$22 million of higher cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursed expenses;
$102 million of higher base management and franchise fees, primarily reflecting $50 million of higher Legacy-
Starwood fees, $42 million from Legacy-Marriott unit growth, and $11 million of stronger RevPAR at Legacy-
Marriott hotels; and
$6 million of lower incentive management fees, primarily driven by softer performance and a change in the specified
owner return at a Legacy-Marriott portfolio of managed hotels.
•
•
•
Asia Pacific
($ in millions)
Segment revenues
Segment profits
2018 Compared to 2017
2018
2017
2016
Change 2018 vs. 2017
Change 2017 vs. 2016
$
$
1,118
456
$
$
1,054
361
$
$
631
160
$
$
64
95
6% $
26% $
423
201
67%
126%
In 2018, across our Asia Pacific segment we added 82 properties (19,661 rooms) and 11 properties (3,399 rooms) left our
system.
Asia Pacific segment profits increased by $95 million, primarily due to the following changes:
•
•
•
•
•
$26 million of higher base management and franchise fees, primarily reflecting $16 million from unit growth and $10
million from RevPAR growth;
$22 million of higher incentive management fees, primarily driven by net higher profits at managed hotels and $10
million from unit growth;
$1 million of higher owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses, primarily due to $14 million of higher
termination fees, partially offset by $13 million lower owned and leased profits attributable to properties sold;
$1 million of higher general, administrative, and other expenses, primarily due to $6 million of higher bad debt
reserves partially offset by administrative cost savings largely due to synergies associated with the Starwood
Combination;
$71 million of higher gains and other income, net, primarily reflecting a $57 million gain on the sale of two properties
and $13 million from gains on sales of our interest in two equity method investments; and
•
$29 million of lower cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursement expenses.
2017 Compared to 2016
In 2017, across our Asia Pacific segment we added 77 properties (18,035 rooms) and 10 properties (3,961 rooms) left our
system.
•
•
Asia Pacific segment profits increased by $201 million, primarily due to the following:
$45 million of higher cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursement expenses;
$108 million of higher base management and franchise fees, primarily due to $88 million of higher Legacy-Starwood
fees, $9 million of higher Legacy-Marriott branding fees, $6 million from Legacy-Marriott unit growth, and $5 million
from stronger RevPAR at Legacy-Marriott hotels;
35
•
•
•
•
•
$92 million of higher incentive management fees, primarily due to $80 million of higher Legacy-Starwood fees, $8
million from higher net house profits at Legacy-Marriott managed hotels, and $4 million from Legacy-Marriott unit
growth;
$4 million of higher owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses, primarily due to $11 million of higher
Legacy-Starwood owned and leased profits, partially offset by $5 million of lower Legacy-Marriott Global Design
profits;
$24 million of higher depreciation, amortization, and other expenses, primarily reflecting higher depreciation and
amortization on Legacy-Starwood assets;
$31 million of higher general, administrative, and other expenses, primarily due to the Starwood Combination; and
$8 million of higher equity in earnings, primarily due to higher earnings by Legacy-Starwood investees.
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
See Footnote 5. Share-Based Compensation for more information.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Footnote 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for information on our anticipated adoption of recently
issued accounting standards.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Requirements and Our Credit Facility
We are party to a multicurrency revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Facility”) that provides for up to $4 billion of
aggregate effective borrowings to support our commercial paper program and general corporate needs, including working
capital, capital expenditures, share repurchases, letters of credit, and acquisitions. Borrowings under the Credit Facility
generally bear interest at LIBOR (the London Interbank Offered Rate) plus a spread, based on our public debt rating. We also
pay quarterly fees on the Credit Facility at a rate based on our public debt rating. While any outstanding commercial paper
borrowings and/or borrowings under our Credit Facility generally have short-term maturities, we classify the outstanding
borrowings as long-term based on our ability and intent to refinance the outstanding borrowings on a long-term basis. The
Credit Facility expires on June 10, 2021.
The Credit Facility contains certain covenants, including a single financial covenant that limits our maximum leverage
(the ratio of Adjusted Total Debt to EBITDA, each as defined in the Credit Facility) to not more than 4 to 1. The Credit Facility
defines EBITDA as net income less cost reimbursement revenue, plus reimbursed expenses, plus the sum of interest expense,
income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and non-recurring non-cash charges.
Our outstanding public debt does not contain a corresponding financial covenant or a requirement that we maintain
certain financial ratios. We currently satisfy the covenants in our Credit Facility and public debt instruments, including the
leverage covenant under the Credit Facility, and do not expect the covenants will restrict our ability to meet our anticipated
borrowing and guarantee levels or increase those levels should we decide to do so in the future.
We believe the Credit Facility and our access to capital markets, together with cash we expect to generate from
operations, remain adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans,
meet debt service, and fulfill other cash requirements.
We issue commercial paper in the U.S. We do not have purchase commitments from buyers for our commercial paper;
therefore, our ability to issue commercial paper is subject to market demand. We reserve unused capacity under our Credit
Facility to repay outstanding commercial paper borrowings if the commercial paper market is not available to us for any reason
when outstanding borrowings mature. We do not expect that fluctuations in the demand for commercial paper will affect our
liquidity, given our borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility.
At year-end 2018, our available borrowing capacity amounted to $2,067 million and reflected borrowing capacity of
$1,751 million under our Credit Facility and our cash balance of $316 million. We calculated that borrowing capacity by taking
$4 billion of effective aggregate bank commitments under our Credit Facility and subtracting $2,249 million of outstanding
commercial paper (there being no outstanding letters of credit under our Credit Facility).
36
We monitor the status of the capital markets and regularly evaluate the effect that changes in capital market conditions
may have on our ability to execute our announced growth plans and fund our liquidity needs. We expect to continue meeting
part of our financing and liquidity needs primarily through commercial paper borrowings, issuances of Senior Notes, and access
to long-term committed credit facilities. If conditions in the lodging industry deteriorate, or if disruptions in the capital markets
take place as they did in the immediate aftermath of both the 2008 worldwide financial crisis and the events of September 11,
2001, we may be unable to place some or all of our commercial paper on a temporary or extended basis and may have to rely
more on borrowings under the Credit Facility, which we believe will be adequate to fund our liquidity needs, including
repayment of debt obligations, but which may carry a higher cost than commercial paper. Since we continue to have ample
flexibility under the Credit Facility’s covenants, we expect that undrawn bank commitments under the Credit Facility will
remain available to us even if business conditions were to deteriorate markedly.
Cash from Operations
Cash from operations and non-cash items for the last three fiscal years are as follows:
($ in millions)
Cash from operations
Non-cash items (1)
2018
2017
2016
$
2,357
$
2,227
$
287
1,397
1,619
514
(1)
Includes depreciation, amortization, share-based compensation, deferred income taxes, and contract investment amortization.
Our ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 0.4 to 1.0 at year-end 2018 and 0.5 to 1.0 at year-end 2017. We
minimize working capital through cash management, strict credit-granting policies, and aggressive collection efforts. We also
have significant borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility should we need additional working capital.
Investing Activities Cash Flows
Acquisition of a Business, Net of Cash Acquired. Cash outflows of $2,392 million in 2016 were due to the Starwood
Combination. See Footnote 3. Dispositions and Acquisitions for more information.
Capital Expenditures and Other Investments. We made capital expenditures of $556 million in 2018, $240 million in
2017, and $199 million in 2016. Capital expenditures in 2018 increased by $316 million compared to 2017, primarily reflecting
the acquisition of the Sheraton Grand Phoenix, improvements to our worldwide systems, and net higher spending on several
owned properties. Capital expenditures in 2017 increased by $41 million compared to 2016, primarily due to improvements to
our worldwide systems and improvements to hotels acquired in the Starwood Combination.
We expect spending on capital expenditures and other investments will total approximately $500 million to $700 million
for 2019, including acquisitions, loan advances, equity and other investments, contract acquisition costs, and various capital
expenditures (including approximately $225 million for maintenance capital spending).
Over time, we have sold lodging properties, both completed and under development, subject to long-term management
agreements. The ability of third-party purchasers to raise the debt and equity capital necessary to acquire such properties
depends in part on the perceived risks in the lodging industry and other constraints inherent in the capital markets. We monitor
the status of the capital markets and regularly evaluate the potential impact of changes in capital market conditions on our
business operations. In the Starwood Combination, we acquired various hotels and joint venture interests in hotels, most of
which we have sold or are seeking to sell, and in 2018, we acquired the Sheraton Grand Phoenix, which we expect to renovate
and sell subject to a long-term management agreement. We also expect to continue making selective and opportunistic
investments to add units to our lodging business, which may include property acquisitions, new construction, loans, guarantees,
and noncontrolling equity investments. Over time, we seek to minimize capital invested in our business through asset sales
subject to long term operating or franchise agreements.
Fluctuations in the values of hotel real estate generally have little impact on our overall business results because: (1) we
own less than one percent of hotels that we operate or franchise; (2) management and franchise fees are generally based upon
hotel revenues and profits rather than current hotel property values; and (3) our management agreements generally do not
terminate upon hotel sale or foreclosure.
Dispositions. Property and asset sales generated $479 million cash proceeds in 2018 and $1,418 million in 2017. See
Footnote 3. Dispositions and Acquisitions for more information on dispositions.
37
Loan Activity. From time to time, we make loans to owners of hotels that we operate or franchise. Loan collections, net
of loan advances, amounted to $35 million in 2018, compared to net collections of $94 million in 2017. At year-end 2018, we
had $131 million of senior, mezzanine, and other loans outstanding, compared to $149 million outstanding at year-end 2017.
Equity Method Investments. Cash outflows of $72 million in 2018, $62 million in 2017, and $13 million in 2016 for
equity method investments primarily reflect our investments in several joint ventures.
Financing Activities Cash Flows
Debt. Debt increased by $1,109 million in 2018, to $9,347 million at year-end 2018 from $8,238 million at year-end
2017, primarily due to the issuance of our Series X, Y, Z, and AA Notes, partially offset by the maturity of our Series S Notes
($330 million) and lower outstanding commercial paper ($126 million). See Footnote 10. Long-Term Debt for additional
information on the debt issuances.
Our financial objectives include diversifying our financing sources, optimizing the mix and maturity of our long-term
debt, and reducing our working capital. At year-end 2018, our long-term debt had a weighted average interest rate of 3.3
percent and a weighted average maturity of approximately 4.8 years. The ratio of our fixed-rate long-term debt to our total
long-term debt was 0.7 to 1.0 at year-end 2018.
See the “Cash Requirements and Our Credit Facility,” caption in this “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section for more
information on our Credit Facility.
Share Repurchases. We purchased 21.5 million shares of our common stock in 2018 at an average price of $130.67 per
share, 29.2 million shares in 2017 at an average price of $103.66 per share, and 8.0 million shares in 2016 at an average price of
$71.55 per share. At year-end 2018, 10.7 million shares remained available for repurchase under Board approved
authorizations, and on February 15, 2019, our Board of Directors further increased our common stock repurchase authorization
by 25 million shares. For additional information, see “Fourth Quarter 2018 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” in Part II,
Item 5.
Dividends. Our Board of Directors declared the following quarterly cash dividends in 2018: (1) $0.33 per share declared
on February 9, 2018 and paid March 30, 2018 to shareholders of record on February 23, 2018, (2) $0.41 per share declared on
May 4, 2018 and paid June 29, 2018 to shareholders of record on May 18, 2018, (3) $0.41 per share declared on August 9, 2018
and paid September 28, 2018 to shareholders of record on August 23, 2018, and (4) $0.41 per share declared on November 8,
2018 and paid December 31, 2018 to shareholders of record on November 21, 2018. Our Board of Directors declared a cash
dividend of $0.41 per share on February 15, 2019, payable on March 29, 2019 to shareholders of record on March 1, 2019.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at year-end 2018:
($ in millions)
Debt (1)
Capital lease obligations (1)
Operating leases where we are the primary obligor
Purchase obligations
Other noncurrent liabilities
Total contractual obligations
(1)
Includes principal as well as interest payments.
Payments Due by Period
Total
Less Than
1 Year
1-3 Years
3-5 Years
After
5 Years
$
10,483
$
1,074
$
4,392
$
2,054
$
230
2,073
286
136
13
171
153
3
26
315
116
28
26
292
17
20
$
13,208
$
1,414
$
4,877
$
2,409
$
2,963
165
1,295
—
85
4,508
The preceding table does not reflect Transition Tax payments totaling $507 million as a result of the 2017 Tax Act. In
addition, the table does not reflect unrecognized tax benefits at year-end 2018 of $559 million.
In addition to the purchase obligations noted in the preceding table, in the normal course of business we enter into
purchase commitments to manage the daily operating needs of the hotels that we manage. Since we are reimbursed from the
cash flows of the hotels, these obligations have minimal impact on our net income and cash flow.
38
Other Commitments
The following table summarizes our guarantee, investment, and loan commitments at year-end 2018:
($ in millions)
Guarantee commitments (expiration by period)
Investment and loan commitments (expected funding by period)
Total other commitments
Total
Amounts
Committed
Less Than
1 Year
1-3 Years
3-5 Years
After
5 Years
$
$
346
19
365
$
$
53
8
61
$
$
78
9
87
$
$
123
2
125
$
$
92
—
92
In conjunction with financing obtained for specific projects or properties owned by joint ventures in which we are a party,
we may provide industry standard indemnifications to the lender for loss, liability, or damage occurring as a result of our
actions or the actions of the other joint venture owner.
In addition, we granted a hotel owner a one-time right to require us to purchase the leasehold interest in the land and hotel
for $300 million in cash, exercisable in 2022. See Footnote 7. Commitments and Contingencies for more information.
For further information, including the nature of the commitments and their expirations, see the “Commitments” caption in
Footnote 7. Commitments and Contingencies.
Letters of Credit
At year-end 2018, we had $136 million of letters of credit outstanding (all outside the Credit Facility, as defined in
Footnote 10. Long-Term Debt), most of which were for our self-insurance programs. Surety bonds issued as of year-end 2018
totaled $152 million, most of which state governments requested in connection with our self-insurance programs.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Equity Method Investments
We have equity method investments in entities that own properties for which we provide management services and
receive fees. In addition, in some cases we provide loans, preferred equity, or guarantees to these entities.
Other Related Parties
We provide management services for and receive fees from properties owned by JWM Family Enterprises, L.P., which is
beneficially owned and controlled by J.W. Marriott, Jr., Deborah Marriott Harrison, and other members of the Marriott family.
For more information, including the impact to our financial statements of transactions with these related parties, see
Footnote 18. Related Party Transactions.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Management considers an accounting policy and estimate to
be critical if: (1) we must make assumptions that were uncertain when the estimate was made; and (2) changes in the estimate,
or selection of a different estimate methodology could have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or
financial condition. Management has discussed the development and selection of its critical accounting policies and estimates
with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information available
when the estimate or assumption was made. Actual results may differ significantly. Additionally, changes in our assumptions,
estimates or assessments due to unforeseen events or otherwise could have a material impact on our financial position or results
of operations.
See Footnote 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information related to our critical accounting
policies and estimates, which are as follows:
Loyalty Program, including how we estimate the breakage of hotel points, credit card points, and free night
certificates, the volume of points and free night certificates that will be issued under our co-brand credit card
agreements, the amount of consideration to which we will be entitled under our co-brand credit card agreements, and
the stand-alone selling prices of goods and services provided under our co-brand credit card agreements;
39
Goodwill, including how we evaluate the fair value of reporting units and when we record an impairment loss on
goodwill;
Intangibles and Long-Lived Assets, including how we evaluate the fair value of intangibles and long-lived assets and
when we record impairment losses on intangibles and long-lived assets;
Investments, including information on how we evaluate the fair value of investments and when we record impairment
losses on investments;
Loan Loss Reserves, including information on how we measure impairment on senior, mezzanine, and other loans of
these types;
Income Taxes, including information on how we determine our current year amounts payable or refundable, our
estimate of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the impacts of the 2017 Tax Act; and
Business Combinations, including the assumptions that we make to estimate the fair values of assets acquired and
liabilities assumed related to discount rates, royalty rates, and the amount and timing of future cash flows.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, stock prices, currency exchange rates, and debt prices. We
manage our exposure to these risks by monitoring available financing alternatives, through development and application of
credit granting policies and by entering into derivative arrangements. We do not foresee any significant changes in either our
exposure to fluctuations in interest rates or currency rates or how we manage such exposure in the future.
We are exposed to interest rate risk on our floating-rate notes receivable and floating-rate debt. Changes in interest rates
also impact the fair value of our fixed-rate notes receivable and the fair value of our fixed-rate long-term debt.
We are also subject to risk from changes in debt prices from our investments in debt securities and fluctuations in stock
price from our investment in a publicly traded company. Changes in the price of the underlying stock can impact the fair value
of our investment.
We use derivative instruments, including cash flow hedges, net investment in non-U.S. operations hedges, and other
derivative instruments, as part of our overall strategy to manage our exposure to market risks associated with fluctuations in
interest rates and currency exchange rates. As a matter of policy, we only enter into transactions that we believe will be highly
effective at offsetting the underlying risk, and we do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. See Footnote 2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information on derivative instruments.
The following table sets forth the scheduled maturities and the total fair value as of year-end 2018 for our financial
instruments that are impacted by market risks:
Maturities by Period
($ in millions)
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Assets - Maturities represent expected principal receipts, fair values represent assets.
Fixed-rate notes receivable
Average interest rate
Floating-rate notes receivable
Average interest rate
$
$
2
4
$
$
2
60
$
$
2
$
2
$
— $
— $
— $
— $
There-
after
Total
Carrying
Amount
Total
Fair
Value
38
21
$
$
$
$
46
1.27%
85
4.65%
46
76
Liabilities - Maturities represent expected principal payments, fair values represent liabilities.
Fixed-rate debt
Average interest rate
Floating-rate debt
Average interest rate
$
$
(827) $
(359) $
(857) $ (1,107) $
(687) $ (2,555) $ (6,392)
$ (6,254)
— $
(547) $ (2,245) $
— $
— $
— $ (2,792)
$ (2,793)
2.88%
3.45%
40
Page
42
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
51
51
64
66
66
67
70
72
73
74
75
78
78
79
79
80
80
82
84
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The following financial information is included on the pages indicated:
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Dispositions and Acquisitions
Earnings Per Share
Share-Based Compensation
Income Taxes
Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
Self-Insurance Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
Long-Term Debt
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Property and Equipment
Notes Receivable
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Business Segments
Related Party Transactions
Relationship with Major Customer
41
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Marriott International, Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate
internal control over financial reporting and for assessing the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. The
Company has designed its internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance on the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Company’s transactions and dispositions of
the Company’s assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the
consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and
directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or
disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of inherent limitations in internal control over financial reporting, such controls may not prevent or detect
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal controls to future periods are subject to the
risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies
or procedures may deteriorate.
In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, management assessed the
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established
in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission (2013 Framework) (the “COSO criteria”).
Based on this assessment, and the existence of a material weakness related to the accounting for our Loyalty Program
further described in Part II, Item 9A, management has concluded that, applying the COSO criteria, as of December 31, 2018,
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective to provide reasonable assurance of the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s consolidated financial
statements included in this report, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting, a copy of which appears on the following page.
42
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Marriott International, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Marriott International, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on
criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness
described below on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, Marriott International, Inc. (the Company) has not
maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there
is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be
prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management’s
assessment. Management has identified a material weakness in controls whereby the Company did not have a sufficient
complement of resources, including IT systems and accounting personnel, to fully evaluate, value and perform the analysis and
ongoing accounting associated with the guest loyalty program.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of Marriott International, Inc. as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related
consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three fiscal
years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes. This material weakness was considered in determining the
nature, timing and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2018 consolidated financial statements, and this report does
not affect our report dated March 1, 2019, which expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control
over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all
material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
43
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Tysons, Virginia
March 1, 2019
44
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Marriott International, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Marriott International, Inc. (the Company) as of
December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity
and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively
referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the
consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the consolidated results of its operations
and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in
Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(2013 Framework) and our report dated March 1, 2019 expressed an adverse opinion thereon.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for: (1) revenue from
contracts with customers and (2) intercompany sales of assets other than inventory in fiscal year 2018 due to the adoption of the
new revenue standard and the new income tax accounting standard. The Company adopted the new revenue standard using the
full retrospective approach and adopted the income tax accounting standard using the modified retrospective approach.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to
be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to
error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included
evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.
Tysons, Virginia
March 1, 2019
45
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Fiscal Years 2018, 2017, and 2016
($ in millions, except per share amounts)
REVENUES
Base management fees (1)
Franchise fees
Incentive management fees (1)
Gross fee revenues
Contract investment amortization (1)
Net fee revenues
Owned, leased, and other revenue (1)
Cost reimbursement revenue (1)
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES
Owned, leased, and other-direct
Depreciation, amortization, and other (1)
General, administrative, and other (1)
Merger-related costs and charges
Reimbursed expenses (1)
OPERATING INCOME
Gains and other income, net (1)
Interest expense
Interest income (1)
Equity in earnings (1)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
Provision for income taxes
NET INCOME
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per share - basic
Earnings per share - diluted
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
December 31,
2016
$
1,140
$
1,102
$
1,849
649
3,638
(58)
3,580
1,635
15,543
20,758
1,306
226
927
155
15,778
18,392
2,366
194
(340)
22
103
2,345
(438)
1,907
5.45
5.38
$
$
$
1,586
607
3,295
(50)
3,245
1,752
15,455
20,452
1,411
229
921
159
15,228
17,948
2,504
688
(288)
38
40
2,982
(1,523)
1,459
3.89
3.84
$
$
$
$
$
$
806
1,157
425
2,388
(40)
2,348
1,125
11,934
15,407
901
119
743
386
11,834
13,983
1,424
5
(234)
35
9
1,239
(431)
808
2.78
2.73
(1)
See Footnote 18. Related Party Transactions for disclosure of related party amounts.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
46
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Fiscal Years 2018, 2017, and 2016
($ in millions)
Net income
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Derivative instrument adjustments, net of tax
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
Pension and postretirement adjustments, net of tax
Reclassification of losses, net of tax
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Comprehensive income
$
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
December 31,
2016
$
1,907
$
1,459
$
808
(391)
12
—
(8)
17
(370)
1,537
478
(14)
(2)
7
11
480
$
1,939
$
(311)
1
2
5
2
(301)
507
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
47
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Fiscal Years-Ended 2018 and 2017
($ in millions)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and equivalents
Accounts and notes receivable, net (1)
Prepaid expenses and other (1)
Assets held for sale
Property and equipment, net
Intangible assets
Brands
Contract acquisition costs and other (1)
Goodwill
Equity method investments (1)
Notes receivable, net
Deferred tax assets
Other noncurrent assets (1)
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt
Accounts payable (1)
Accrued payroll and benefits
Liability for guest loyalty program
Accrued expenses and other (1)
Long-term debt
Liability for guest loyalty program
Deferred tax liabilities (1)
Deferred revenue
Other noncurrent liabilities (1)
Shareholders’ equity
Class A Common Stock
Additional paid-in-capital
Retained earnings
Treasury stock, at cost
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
316
$
2,133
249
8
2,706
1,956
5,790
2,590
9,039
17,419
732
125
171
587
383
1,973
235
149
2,740
1,793
5,922
2,622
9,207
17,751
734
142
93
593
23,696
$
23,846
$
$
$
833
767
1,345
2,529
963
6,437
8,514
2,932
485
731
2,372
5
5,814
8,982
(12,185)
(391)
2,225
398
783
1,214
2,121
1,291
5,807
7,840
2,819
605
583
2,610
5
5,770
7,242
(9,418)
(17)
3,582
23,846
(1)
See Footnote 18. Related Party Transactions for disclosure of related party amounts.
$
23,696
$
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
48
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Fiscal Years 2018, 2017, and 2016
($ in millions)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, and other
Share-based compensation
Income taxes
Liability for guest loyalty program
Contract acquisition costs
Merger-related charges
Working capital changes
(Gain) loss on asset dispositions
Other
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
December 31,
2016
$
1,907
$
1,459
$
808
284
184
(239)
520
(152)
16
(76)
(194)
107
279
181
887
298
(185)
(124)
(30)
(687)
149
159
212
103
221
(76)
209
(106)
1
88
Net cash provided by operating activities
2,357
2,227
1,619
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Acquisition of a business, net of cash acquired
Capital expenditures
Dispositions
Loan advances
Loan collections
Other
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Commercial paper/Credit Facility, net
Issuance of long-term debt
Repayment of long-term debt
Issuance of Class A Common Stock
Dividends paid
Purchase of treasury stock
Share-based compensation withholding taxes
Other
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
DECREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of
period (1)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period (1) $
—
(556)
479
(13)
48
(10)
(52)
(129)
1,646
(397)
4
(543)
(2,850)
(105)
—
(2,374)
(69)
—
(240)
1,418
(93)
187
(61)
1,211
60
—
(310)
6
(482)
(3,013)
(157)
—
(3,896)
(458)
429
360
$
887
429
$
(2,392)
(199)
211
(32)
67
(1)
(2,346)
1,373
1,482
(326)
34
(374)
(568)
(100)
(24)
1,497
770
117
887
(1)
The 2018 amounts include beginning restricted cash of $46 million at December 31, 2017, and ending restricted cash of $44 million at
December 31, 2018, which we present in the “Prepaid expenses and other” and “Other noncurrent assets” captions of our Balance Sheets.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
49
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Fiscal Years 2018, 2017, and 2016
(in millions)
Common
Shares
Outstanding
256.3
—
—
—
—
1.8
(8.0)
136.0
386.1
—
—
—
2.2
(29.2)
359.1
—
—
—
—
—
1.5
(21.5)
339.1 (2) Balance at December 31, 2018
Balance at December 31, 2015
Adoption of ASU 2014-09
Net income
Other comprehensive loss
Dividends
Share-based compensation plans
Purchase of treasury stock
Starwood Combination (1)
Balance at December 31, 2016
Net income
Other comprehensive loss
Dividends
Share-based compensation plans
Purchase of treasury stock
Balance at December 31, 2017
Adoption of ASU 2016-01
Adoption of ASU 2016-16
Net income
Other comprehensive income
Dividends
Share-based compensation plans
Purchase of treasury stock
Class A
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock, at
Cost
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
—
—
—
—
—
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
$
$
2,821
—
—
—
—
110
—
2,877
5,808
—
—
—
(38)
—
5,770
—
—
—
—
—
44
—
5,814
$
$
4,878
(264)
808
—
(374)
(21)
—
1,238
6,265
1,459
—
(482)
—
—
7,242
4
372
1,907
—
(543)
—
—
8,982
$ (11,098) $
—
—
—
—
57
(573)
5,154
(6,460)
—
—
—
67
(3,025)
(9,418)
—
—
—
—
—
42
(2,809)
$ (12,185) $
(196)
—
—
(301)
—
—
—
—
(497)
—
480
—
—
—
(17)
(4)
—
—
(370)
—
—
—
(391)
Total
(3,590) $
(264)
808
(301)
(374)
146
(573)
9,269
5,121
1,459
480
(482)
29
(3,025)
3,582
—
372
1,907
(370)
(543)
86
(2,809)
2,225
$
$
$
(1)
(2)
Represents Marriott common stock and equity-based awards issued in the Starwood Combination, which also resulted in the depletion of our accumulated historical losses on reissuances of treasury stock in
Retained Earnings.
Our restated certificate of incorporation authorizes 800 million shares of our common stock, with a par value of $.01 per share and 10 million shares of preferred stock, without par value. At year-end 2018,
we had 339.1 million of these authorized shares of our common stock and no preferred stock outstanding.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
50
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements present the results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of Marriott
International, Inc. and subsidiaries (referred to in this report as “we,” “us,” “Marriott,” or “the Company.”). In order to make
this report easier to read, we also refer throughout to (i) our Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial
Statements,” (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income as our “Income Statements,” (iii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as
our “Balance Sheets,” (iv) our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as our “Statements of Cash Flows,” (v) our
properties, brands, or markets in the United States (“U.S.”) and Canada as “North America” or “North American,” and (vi) our
properties, brands, or markets in our Caribbean and Latin America, Europe, and Middle East and Africa regions as “Other
International,” and together with those in our Asia Pacific segment, as “International.” In addition, references throughout to
numbered “Footnotes” refer to the numbered Notes in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, unless otherwise
noted.
Preparation of financial statements that conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the
financial statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods, and the disclosures of
contingent liabilities. Accordingly, ultimate results could differ from those estimates.
The accompanying Financial Statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our
financial position at fiscal year-end 2018 and fiscal year-end 2017 and the results of our operations and cash flows for fiscal
years 2018, 2017, and 2016. We have eliminated all material intercompany transactions and balances between entities
consolidated in these Financial Statements.
The accompanying Financial Statements also reflect our adoption of several new accounting standards, including ASU
2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606). See the “New Accounting Standards Adopted” caption in
Footnote 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.
In the 2018 fourth quarter, we identified errors related to our Loyalty Program, which resulted in the understatement of
cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursed expenses in our previously issued financial statements for the 2018 first,
second, and third quarters. Correction of the errors resulted in a $99 million increase to net income for the 2018 first three
quarters combined. We concluded that the errors were and continue to be immaterial to those financial statements. We adjusted
our 2018 first, second, and third quarter information presented in Part II, Item 8 “Supplementary Data” to reflect the correction
of the immaterial errors because recording the out of period adjustments would have been material to the 2018 fourth quarter.
See Part II, Item 8 “Supplementary Data” for more information.
Acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide
On September 23, 2016 (the “Merger Date”), we completed the acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide,
LLC, formerly known as Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (“Starwood”), through a series of transactions (the
“Starwood Combination”), after which Starwood became an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Marriott. Accordingly, our
Income Statements include Starwood’s results of operations from the Merger Date. See Footnote 3. Dispositions and
Acquisitions for more information on the Starwood Combination.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Revenue Recognition
Base Management and Incentive Management Fees: For our managed hotels, we have performance obligations to provide
hotel management services and a license to our hotel system intellectual property for the use of our brand names. As
compensation for such services, we are generally entitled to receive base fees, which are a percentage of the revenues of hotels,
and incentives fees, which are generally based on a measure of hotel profitability. Both the base and incentive management fees
are variable consideration, as the transaction price is based on a percentage of revenue or profit, as defined in each contract. We
recognize base management fees on a monthly basis over the term of the agreement as those amounts become payable. We
recognize incentive management fees on a monthly basis over the term of the agreement based on each property's financial
results, as long as we do not expect a significant reversal due to projected future hotel performance or cash flows in future
periods.
51
Franchise Fee and Royalty Fee Revenue: For our franchised hotels, we have a performance obligation to provide
franchisees and operators a license to our hotel system intellectual property for use of certain of our brand names. As
compensation for such services, we are typically entitled to initial application fees and ongoing royalty fees. Our ongoing
royalty fees represent variable consideration, as the transaction price is based on a percentage of certain revenues of the hotels,
as defined in each contract. We recognize royalty fees on a monthly basis over the term of the agreement as those amounts
become payable. Initial application and relicensing fees are fixed consideration payable upon submission of a franchise
application or renewal and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial or renewal term of the franchise agreements.
Owned and Leased Hotel Revenue: At our owned and leased hotels, we have performance obligations to provide
accommodations and other ancillary services to hotel guests. As compensation for such goods and services, we are typically
entitled to a fixed nightly fee for an agreed upon period and additional fixed fees for any ancillary services purchased. These
fees are generally payable at the time the hotel guest checks out of the hotel. We generally satisfy the performance obligations
over time, and we recognize the revenue from room sales and from other ancillary guest services on a daily basis, as the rooms
are occupied and we have rendered the services.
Cost Reimbursements: Under our management and franchise agreements, we are entitled to be reimbursed for certain
costs we incur on behalf of the managed, franchised, and licensed properties, with no added mark-up. These costs primarily
consist of payroll and related expenses at managed properties where we are the employer of the employees at the properties and
include certain operational and administrative costs as provided for in our contracts with the owners. We are entitled to
reimbursement in the period we incur the related reimbursable costs, which we recognize within the “Cost reimbursement
revenue” caption of our Income Statements.
Under our management and franchise agreements, hotel owners and franchisees participate in certain centralized
programs and services, such as marketing, sales, reservations, and insurance programs. We operate these programs and services
for the benefit of our hotel owners. We do not operate these programs and services to generate a profit over the contract term,
and accordingly, when we recover the costs that we incur for these programs and services from our hotel owners, we do not
seek a mark-up. The amounts we charge for these programs and services are generally a combination of fixed fees and variable
fees based on sales or other metrics and are payable on a monthly basis. We recognize revenue within the “Cost reimbursement
revenue” caption of our Income Statements when the amounts may be billed to hotel owners, and we recognize expenses within
the “Reimbursed expenses” caption as they are incurred. This pattern of recognition results in temporary timing differences
between the costs incurred for centralized programs and services and the related reimbursement from hotel owners in our
operating and net income. Over the long term, these programs and services are not designed to impact our economics, either
positively or negatively. In addition, proceeds from the sale of our interest in Avendra that we expend for the benefit of our
hotel owners are included in “Reimbursed expenses.”
Other Revenue: Includes Global Design fees, which we describe below, termination fees, and other property and brand
revenues. We generally recognize termination fees when collection is probable, and other revenue as services are rendered.
Amounts received in advance are deferred as liabilities.
We provide hotel design and construction review quality assurance (“Global Design”) services to our managed and
franchised hotel owners, generally during the period prior to a hotel’s opening or during the period a hotel is converting to a
Marriott brand (the “pre-opening period”). As compensation for such services, we may be entitled to receive a one-time fixed
fee that is payable during the pre-opening period of the hotel. As these services are not a distinct performance obligation, we
recognize the fees on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the management or franchise agreement within the “Owned,
leased, and other revenue” caption of our Income Statements.
Practical Expedients and Exemptions: We do not disclose the amount of variable consideration that we expect to
recognize in future periods in the following circumstances:
(1) if we recognize the revenue based on the amount invoiced or services performed;
(2) for sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property; or
(3) if the consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that forms part of
a single performance obligation, and the terms of the consideration relate specifically to our efforts to transfer, or to a
specific outcome from transferring the service.
We are required to collect certain taxes and fees from customers on behalf of governmental agencies and remit these to
the applicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. We do not include these taxes in determining the transaction price.
52
Loyalty Program.
Loyalty Program members earn points based on the money they spend at our hotels; purchases of timeshare interval,
fractional ownership, and residential products; and through participation in travel experiences and affiliated partners’ programs,
such as those offered by credit card, car rental, and airline companies. Members can redeem points, which we track on their
behalf, for stays at most of our hotels, airline tickets, airline frequent flyer program miles, rental cars, and a variety of other
awards. Points cannot be redeemed for cash.
Under our Loyalty Program, we have a performance obligation to provide or arrange for the provision of goods or
services for free or at a discount to Loyalty Program members in exchange for the redemption of points earned from past
activities. We operate our Loyalty Program as a cross-brand marketing program to participating properties. Our management
and franchise agreements require that properties reimburse us for a portion of the costs of operating the Loyalty Program,
including costs for marketing, promotion, communication with, and performing member services for Loyalty Program
members, with no added mark-up. We receive contributions on a monthly basis from managed, franchised, owned, and leased
hotels based on a portion of qualified spend by Loyalty Program members. We recognize these contributions into revenue as the
points are redeemed and we provide the related service. The amount of revenue we recognize upon point redemption is
impacted by our estimate of the “breakage” for points that members will never redeem. We estimate breakage based on our
historical experience and expectations of future member behavior. We recognize revenue net of the redemption cost within our
“Cost reimbursement revenue” caption on our Income Statements, as our performance obligation is to facilitate the transaction
between the Loyalty Program member and the managed or franchised property or program partner. We recognize all other
Loyalty Program costs as incurred in our “Reimbursed expenses” caption.
We have multi-year agreements for our co-brand credit cards associated with our Loyalty Program. Under these
agreements, we have performance obligations to provide a license to the intellectual property associated with our brands and
marketing lists (“Licensed IP”) to the financial institution that issues the credit cards, to arrange for the redemption of Loyalty
Program points as discussed in the preceding paragraph, and to provide free night certificates to cardholders. We receive fees
from these agreements, including fixed amounts that are primarily payable at contract inception, and variable amounts that are
paid to us monthly over the term of the agreements, based on: (1) the number of free night certificates issued and redeemed; (2)
the number of Loyalty Program points purchased; and (3) the volume of cardholder spend. We allocate those fees among the
performance obligations, including the Licensed IP, our Loyalty Program points, and free night certificates provided to
cardholders based on their estimated standalone selling prices. The estimation of the standalone selling prices requires
significant judgments based upon generally accepted valuation methodologies regarding the value of our Licensed IP, the
amount of funding we will receive, and the number of Loyalty Program points and free night certificates we will issue over the
term of the agreements. We base our estimates of these amounts on our historical experience and expectation of future
cardholder behavior. We recognize the portion of the Licensed IP revenue that meets the sales-based royalty criteria as the
credit cards are used and the remaining portion of the Licensed IP revenue on a straight-line basis over the contract term. In our
Income Statements, we primarily recognize Licensed IP revenue in the “Franchise fees” caption, and we recognize a portion in
the “Cost reimbursement revenue” caption. We recognize the revenue related to the Loyalty Program points as discussed in the
preceding paragraph. We recognize the revenue related to the free night certificates when the related service is provided. If the
free night certificate redemption involves a managed or franchised property, we recognize revenue net of the redemption cost,
as our performance obligation is to facilitate the transaction between the Loyalty Program member and the managed or
franchised property.
Contract Balances. We generally receive payments from customers as we satisfy our performance obligations. We record
a receivable when we have an unconditional right to receive payment and only the passage of time is required before payment
is due. We record deferred revenue when we receive payment, or have the unconditional right to receive payment, in advance of
the satisfaction of our performance obligations related to franchise application and relicensing fees, Global Design fees, credit
card branding license fees, and our Loyalty Program.
Current and noncurrent deferred revenue increased by $146 million, to $831 million at December 31, 2018 from $685
million at December 31, 2017, primarily as a result of our Global Design, co-brand credit card, and application and relicensing
activities described in the “Revenue Recognition” caption above.
Our current and noncurrent Loyalty Program liability increased by $521 million, to $5,461 million at December 31, 2018
from $4,940 million at December 31, 2017, primarily reflecting an increase in points earned, partially offset by deferred
revenue of $1,897 million that we recognized in 2018.
53
Costs Incurred to Obtain and Fulfill Contracts with Customers
We incur certain costs to obtain and fulfill contracts with customers, which we capitalize and amortize on a straight-line
basis over the initial, non-cancellable term of the contract. We classify incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer
in the “Contract acquisition costs and other” caption of our Balance Sheets, the related amortization in the “Contract investment
amortization” caption of our Income Statements, and the cash flow impact in the “Contract acquisition costs” caption of our
Statements of Cash Flows. We classify certain direct costs to fulfill a contract with a customer in the “Other noncurrent assets”
caption of our Balance Sheets, and the related amortization in the “Owned, leased, and other - direct expenses” caption of our
Income Statements. We had capitalized costs to fulfill contracts with customers of $324 million at December 31, 2018 and $295
million at December 31, 2017. See Footnote 12. Intangible Assets and Goodwill for information on capitalized costs incurred to
obtain contracts with customers.
Real Estate Sales
We recognize a gain or loss on real estate transactions when control of the asset transfers to the buyer, generally at the
time the sale closes. In sales transactions where we retain a management contract, the terms and conditions of the management
contract are generally comparable to the terms and conditions of the management contracts obtained directly with third-party
owners in competitive processes.
Profit Sharing Plan
We contribute to tax-qualified retirement plans for the benefit of U.S. employees who meet certain eligibility
requirements and choose to participate in the plans. Participating employees specify the percentage or amount of salary they
wish to contribute from their compensation, and the Company typically makes discretionary and certain other matching or
supplemental contributions. We recognized compensation costs from Company contributions of $224 million in 2018, $119
million in 2017, and $91 million in 2016.
Non-U.S. Operations
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of our consolidated and unconsolidated entities operating in the U.S. The
functional currency of our consolidated and unconsolidated entities operating outside of the U.S. is generally the principal
currency of the economic environment in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. We translate the financial
statements of consolidated entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar into U.S. dollars, and we do the same, as
needed, for unconsolidated entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. We translate assets and liabilities at the
exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date and translate income statement accounts using the weighted average
exchange rate for the period. We include translation adjustments from currency exchange and the effect of exchange rate
changes on intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. We
report gains and losses from currency exchange rate changes for intercompany receivables and payables that are not of a long-
term investment nature, as well as for third-party transactions, currently in operating costs and expenses.
Share-Based Compensation
Our share-based compensation awards primarily consist of restricted stock units (“RSUs”). We measure compensation
costs for our share-based payment transactions at fair value on the grant date, and we recognize those costs in our Financial
Statements over the vesting period during which the employee provides service in exchange for the award.
Advertising Costs
We expense costs to produce advertising as they are incurred and to communicate advertising as the communication
occurs and record such amounts in reimbursed expenses to the extent undertaken on behalf of our owners and franchisees. We
recognized advertising costs of $660 million in 2018, $562 million in 2017, and $409 million in 2016.
Income Taxes
We record the amounts of taxes payable or refundable for the current year, as well as deferred tax liabilities and assets for
the future tax consequences of events we have recognized in our Financial Statements or tax returns, using judgment in
assessing future profitability and the likely future tax consequences of those events. We base our estimates of deferred tax
assets and liabilities on current tax laws, rates and interpretations, and, in certain cases, business plans and other expectations
about future outcomes. We develop our estimates of future profitability based on our historical data and experience, industry
projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and our expectations.
54
We generally recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment. Changes in existing tax laws and
rates, their related interpretations, and the uncertainty generated by the current economic environment may affect the amounts
of our deferred tax liabilities or the valuations of our deferred tax assets over time. Our accounting for deferred tax
consequences represents management’s best estimate of future events that can be appropriately reflected in the accounting
estimates.
For tax positions we have taken or expect to take in a tax return, we apply a more likely than not threshold, under which
we must conclude a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained, assuming that the position will be examined by the
appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, to continue to recognize the benefit. In
determining our provision for income taxes, we use judgment, reflecting our estimates and assumptions, in applying the more
likely than not threshold. We recognize accrued interest and penalties for our unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax
expense. See Footnote 6. Income Taxes for further information.
Cash and Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments with an initial maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash
equivalents.
Accounts Receivable
Our accounts receivable primarily consist of amounts due from hotel owners with whom we have management and
franchise agreements and include reimbursements of costs we incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties. We
generally collect these receivables within 30 days. We record an accounts receivable reserve when losses are probable, based on
an assessment of historical collection activity and current business conditions. Our accounts receivable reserve was $66 million
at year-end 2018 and $46 million at year-end 2017.
Assets Held for Sale
We consider properties to be assets held for sale when (1) management commits to a plan to sell the property; (2) it is
unlikely that the disposal plan will be significantly modified or discontinued; (3) the property is available for immediate sale in
its present condition; (4) actions required to complete the sale of the property have been initiated; (5) sale of the property is
probable and we expect the completed sale will occur within one year; and (6) the property is actively being marketed for sale
at a price that is reasonable given our estimate of current market value. Upon designation of a property as an asset held for sale,
we record the property’s value at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell, and we
cease depreciation.
Goodwill
We test goodwill for potential impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event or other
circumstance indicates that we may not be able to recover the carrying amount of the net assets of the reporting unit. In
evaluating goodwill for impairment, we may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a
likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we bypass the
qualitative assessment, or if we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its
carrying value, then we perform a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying
amount.
We calculate the estimated fair value of a reporting unit using a weighting of the income and market approaches. For the
income approach, we use internally developed discounted cash flow models that include the following assumptions, among
others: projections of revenues, expenses, and related cash flows based on assumed long-term growth rates and demand trends;
expected future investments to grow new units; and estimated discount rates. For the market approach, we use internal analyses
based primarily on market comparables. We base these assumptions on our historical data and experience, third-party
appraisals, industry projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and our expectations.
We have had no goodwill impairment charges for the last three fiscal years.
Intangibles and Long-Lived Assets
We assess indefinite-lived intangible assets for potential impairment and continued indefinite use annually, or more
frequently if an event or other circumstance indicates that we may not be able to recover the carrying amount of the asset. Like
goodwill, we may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the
indefinite-lived intangible is less than its carrying amount. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value, we recognize
an impairment loss in the amount of that excess.
55
We test definite-lived intangibles and long-lived asset groups for recoverability when changes in circumstances indicate
that we may not be able to recover the carrying value; for example, when there are material adverse changes in projected
revenues or expenses, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected operating results, or significant negative
industry or economic trends. We also test recoverability when management has committed to a plan to sell or otherwise dispose
of an asset group and we expect to complete the plan within a year. We evaluate recoverability of an asset group by comparing
its carrying value to the future net undiscounted cash flows that we expect the asset group will generate. If the comparison
indicates that we will not be able to recover the carrying value of an asset group, we recognize an impairment loss for the
amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. When we recognize an impairment loss for assets to be
held and used, we depreciate the adjusted carrying amount of those assets over their remaining useful life.
We calculate the estimated fair value of an intangible asset or asset group using the income approach or the market
approach. We utilize the same assumptions and methodology for the income approach that we describe in the “Goodwill”
caption. For the market approach, we use internal analyses based primarily on market comparables and assumptions about
market capitalization rates, growth rates, and inflation.
Investments
We hold equity interests in ventures established to develop or acquire and own hotel properties or that otherwise support
our hospitality operations. We account for these investments as either an equity method investment, a financial asset, or a
controlled subsidiary. We apply the equity method of accounting if we have significant influence over the entity, typically when
we hold 20 percent of the voting common stock (or equivalent) of an investee but do not have a controlling financial interest. In
certain circumstances, such as with investments in limited liability or limited partnerships, we apply the equity method of
accounting when we own as little as three to five percent. We account for financial assets at fair value if it is readily
determinable, or using the fair value alternative method, whereby investments are measured at cost less impairment, adjusted
for observable price changes. We consolidate entities that we control.
When we acquire an investment that qualifies for the equity method of accounting, we determine the acquisition date fair
value of the identifiable assets and liabilities. If our carrying amount exceeds our proportional share in the equity of the
investee, we amortize the difference on a straight-line basis over the underlying assets’ estimated useful lives when calculating
equity method earnings attributable to us, excluding the difference attributable to land, which we do not amortize.
We evaluate an investment for impairment when circumstances indicate that we may not be able to recover the carrying
value. When evaluating our ventures, we consider loan defaults, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected
operating performance, or significant negative industry or economic trends. Additionally, a venture’s commitment to a plan to
sell some or all of its assets could cause us to evaluate the recoverability of the venture’s individual long-lived assets and
possibly the venture itself. We impair investments we account for using the equity method of accounting when we determine
that there has been an “other-than-temporary” decline in the venture’s estimated fair value compared to its carrying value. We
perform qualitative assessments for investments we account for using the fair value alternative method and we record any
associated impairment when the fair value is less than the carrying value.
Under the accounting guidance for the consolidation of variable interest entities, we analyze our variable interests,
including equity investments, loans, and guarantees, to determine if an entity in which we have a variable interest is a variable
interest entity. Our analysis includes both quantitative and qualitative reviews. We base our quantitative analysis on the
forecasted cash flows of the entity, and our qualitative analysis on our review of the design of the entity, its organizational
structure including decision-making ability, and relevant financial agreements. We also use our qualitative analysis to determine
if we must consolidate a variable interest entity as its primary beneficiary.
Fair Value Measurements
We have various financial instruments we must measure at fair value on a recurring basis, including certain marketable
securities and derivatives. See Footnote 15. Fair Value of Financial Instruments for further information. We also apply the
provisions of fair value measurement to various nonrecurring measurements for our financial and nonfinancial assets and
liabilities.
Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in
an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). We measure our assets and liabilities
using inputs from the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability
to access at the measurement date.
56
Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or
similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the
asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.), and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
Level 3 includes unobservable inputs that reflect our assumptions about what factors market participants would use in
pricing the asset or liability. We develop these inputs based on the best information available, including our own data.
Derivative Instruments
We record derivatives at fair value. The designation of a derivative instrument as a hedge and its ability to meet the hedge
accounting criteria determine how we reflect the change in fair value of the derivative instrument in our Financial Statements. A
derivative qualifies for hedge accounting if, at inception, we expect the derivative will be highly effective in offsetting the
underlying hedged cash flows or fair value and we fulfill the hedge documentation standards at the time we enter into the
derivative contract. We designate a hedge as a cash flow hedge, fair value hedge, or a net investment in non-U.S. operations
hedge based on the exposure we are hedging. For the effective portion of qualifying cash flow hedges, we record changes in
fair value in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). We release the derivative’s gain or loss from OCI to match the timing of the
underlying hedged items’ effect on earnings.
We review the effectiveness of our hedging instruments quarterly, recognize current period hedge ineffectiveness
immediately in earnings, and discontinue hedge accounting for any hedge that we no longer consider to be highly effective. We
recognize changes in fair value for derivatives not designated as hedges or those not qualifying for hedge accounting in current
period earnings. Upon termination of cash flow hedges, we release gains and losses from OCI based on the timing of the
underlying cash flows or revenue recognized, unless the termination results from the failure of the intended transaction to occur
in the expected time frame. Such untimely transactions require us to immediately recognize in earnings the gains and/or losses
that we previously recorded in OCI.
Changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, and equity securities expose us to market risk. We manage our
exposure to these risks by monitoring available financing alternatives, as well as through development and application of credit
granting policies. We also use derivative instruments, including cash flow hedges, net investment in non-U.S. operations
hedges, fair value hedges, and other derivative instruments, as part of our overall strategy to manage our exposure to market
risks. As a matter of policy, we only enter into transactions that we believe will be highly effective at offsetting the underlying
risk, and we do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
Loan Loss Reserves
We may make senior, mezzanine, and other loans to owners of hotels that we operate or franchise, generally to facilitate
the development of a hotel and sometimes to facilitate brand programs or initiatives. We expect the owners to repay the loans in
accordance with the loan agreements, or earlier as the hotels mature and capital markets permit. We use metrics such as loan-to-
value ratios and debt service coverage, and other information about collateral and from third party rating agencies to assess the
credit quality of the loan receivable, both upon entering into the loan agreement and on an ongoing basis as applicable.
On a regular basis, we individually assess loans for impairment. We use internally generated cash flow projections to
determine if we expect the loans will be repaid under the terms of the loan agreements. If we conclude that it is probable a
borrower will not repay a loan in accordance with its terms, we consider the loan impaired and begin recognizing interest
income on a cash basis. To measure impairment, we calculate the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the
loan’s original effective interest rate or the estimated fair value of the collateral. If the present value or the estimated collateral
is less than the carrying value of the loan receivable, we establish a specific impairment reserve for the difference.
If it is likely that a loan will not be collected based on financial or other business indicators, including our historical
experience, our policy is to charge off the loan in the quarter in which we deem it uncollectible.
Guarantees
We measure and record our liability for the fair value of a guarantee on a nonrecurring basis, that is when we issue or
modify a guarantee, using Level 3 internally developed inputs, as described above in this footnote under the heading “Fair
Value Measurements.” We base our calculation of the estimated fair value of a guarantee on the income approach or the market
approach, depending on the type of guarantee. For the income approach, we use internally developed discounted cash flow and
Monte Carlo simulation models that include the following assumptions, among others: projections of revenues and expenses
and related cash flows based on assumed growth rates and demand trends; historical volatility of projected performance; the
guaranteed obligations; and applicable discount rates. We base these assumptions on our historical data and experience,
57
industry projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and our expectations. For the market approach,
we use internal analyses based primarily on market comparable data and our assumptions about market capitalization rates,
credit spreads, growth rates, and inflation.
The offsetting entry for the guarantee liability depends on the circumstances in which the guarantee was issued. Funding
under the guarantee reduces the recorded liability. In most cases, when we do not forecast any funding, we amortize the liability
into income on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the guarantee. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate all material
estimated liabilities based on the operating results and the terms of the guarantee. If we conclude that it is probable that we will
be required to fund a greater amount than previously estimated, we record a loss except to the extent that the applicable
contracts provide that the advance can be recovered as a loan.
Self-Insurance Programs
We self-insure for certain levels of liability, workers’ compensation, and employee medical coverage. We accrue
estimated costs of these self-insurance programs at the present value of projected settlements for known and incurred but not
reported claims. We use a discount rate of three percent to determine the present value of the projected settlements, which we
consider to be reasonable given our history of settled claims, including payment patterns and the fixed nature of the individual
settlements.
Legal Contingencies
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, the outcomes of which are uncertain. We record an accrual for
legal contingencies when we determine that it is probable that we have incurred a liability and we can reasonably estimate the
amount of the loss. In making such determinations we evaluate, among other things, the probability of an unfavorable outcome
and, when we believe it probable that a liability has been incurred, our ability to make a reasonable estimate of the loss. We
review these accruals each reporting period and make revisions based on changes in facts and circumstances.
Business Combinations
We allocate the purchase price of an acquisition to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed
based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. We recognize as goodwill the amount by which the purchase price of
an acquired entity exceeds the net of the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In determining the
fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we use various recognized valuation methods including the income and
market approaches. Further, we make assumptions within certain valuation techniques, including discount rates, royalty rates,
and the amount and timing of future cash flows. We record the net assets and results of operations of an acquired entity in our
Financial Statements from the acquisition date. We initially perform these valuations based upon preliminary estimates and
assumptions by management or independent valuation specialists under our supervision, where appropriate, and make revisions
as estimates and assumptions are finalized. We expense acquisition-related costs as we incur them. See Footnote 3. Dispositions
and Acquisitions for additional information.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02 “Leases” (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 introduces a lessee model that
brings substantially all leases onto the balance sheet. Under the new standard, a lessee will recognize on its balance sheet a
lease liability and a right-of-use asset for most leases, including operating leases. The new standard will also distinguish leases
as either finance leases or operating leases. This distinction will affect how leases are measured and presented in the income
statement and statement of cash flows. We will adopt the standard using the modified retrospective transition method as of
January 1, 2019, and we will not apply the standard to the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption.
We are still assessing the potential impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on our financial statements and disclosures, but we
expect that we will recognize right-of-use lease assets and related lease liabilities for operating leases in the range of $1.0
billion to $1.1 billion, with no impact to our Income Statements or Statements of Cash Flows. Our estimate represents the net
present value of lease payments from operating leases that commenced on or before December 31, 2018. We do not expect any
changes related to our current capital lease portfolio, which will be titled “finance leases” under ASU 2016-02.
58
New Accounting Standards Adopted
ASU 2016-18 “Restricted Cash” (Topic 230). ASU 2016-18 requires companies to include restricted cash with cash and
cash equivalents when reconciling beginning and ending amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. We adopted ASU
2016-18 in the 2018 first quarter using the retrospective transition method, and accordingly, we revised prior period amounts, as
shown in the “Statements of Cash Flows” table below.
ASU 2016-16 “Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory” (Topic 740). ASU
2016-16 requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intercompany sales of assets other than inventory when the
transfer occurs. We adopted ASU 2016-16 in the 2018 first quarter using the modified retrospective transition method and
recorded an adjustment of $372 million for the cumulative effect to retained earnings at January 1, 2018.
ASU 2016-15 “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 specifies how
certain cash receipts and payments are to be classified in the statement of cash flows and primarily impacts our presentation of
cash outflows for commercial paper. Under ASU 2016-15, we are required to attribute a portion of the payments to accreted
interest and classify that portion as cash outflows for operating activities. We adopted ASU 2016-15 in the 2018 first quarter
using the retrospective transition method, and accordingly, we revised prior period amounts, as shown in the “Statements of
Cash Flows” table below.
ASU 2016-01 “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (Topic 825). ASU 2016-01
eliminates the available-for-sale classification for equity investments and requires companies to measure equity investments at
fair value and recognize any changes in the fair value in net income. We adopted ASU 2016-01 in the 2018 first quarter using
the modified retrospective transition method and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $4 million to retained earnings at
January 1, 2018.
ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 and several related ASUs
(collectively referred to as “ASU 2014-09”) supersede the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue
Recognition, as well as most industry-specific guidance, and provide a principles-based, comprehensive framework in Topic
606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 also specifies the accounting for certain costs to obtain or fulfill a
contract with a customer and provides enhanced disclosure requirements. We adopted ASU 2014-09 in the 2018 first quarter
using the full retrospective transition method.
When we adopted ASU 2014-09, we applied the following expedients and exemptions, which are allowed by the standard,
to our prior period Financial Statements and disclosures:
• We used the transaction price at the date of contract completion for our contracts that had variable consideration and
were completed before January 1, 2018.
• We considered the aggregate effect of all contract modifications that occurred before January 1, 2016 when: (1)
identifying satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations; (2) determining the transaction price; and (3) allocating
the transaction price to the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations.
• We did not: (1) disclose the amount of the transaction price that we allocated to remaining performance obligations; or
(2) include an explanation of when we expect to recognize the revenue allocated to remaining performance
obligations.
The following tables present the effect of the adoption of ASUs 2014-09, 2016-15, and 2016-18 on our 2017 and 2016
Financial Statements. Throughout this report, our 2017 and 2016 financial results reflect the “As Adjusted” amounts shown in
the tables below. See the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the impact of the adoption of new accounting
standards on our shareholders’ equity.
59
Income Statements
($ in millions, except per share amounts)
REVENUES
Base management fees
Franchise fees
Incentive management fees
Gross fee revenues
Contract investment amortization
Net fee revenues
Owned, leased, and other revenue
Cost reimbursement revenue
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES
Owned, leased, and other-direct
Depreciation, amortization, and other
General, administrative, and other
Merger-related costs and charges
Reimbursed expenses
OPERATING INCOME
Gains and other income, net
Interest expense
Interest income
Equity in earnings
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
Provision for income taxes
NET INCOME
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per share - basic
Earnings per share - diluted
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016
As Previously
Reported
Adoption of ASU
2014-09
As Adjusted
As Previously
Reported
Adoption of ASU
2014-09
As Adjusted
$
1,102
$
— $
1,102
$
806
$
— $
1,586
607
3,295
(50)
3,245
1,752
15,455
20,452
1,411
229
921
159
15,228
17,948
2,504
688
(288)
38
40
2,982
(1,523)
1,459
3.89
3.84
$
$
$
1,169
425
2,400
—
2,400
1,126
13,546
17,072
900
168
704
386
13,546
15,704
1,368
5
(234)
35
10
1,184
(404)
780
2.68
2.64
$
$
$
(12)
—
(12)
(40)
(52)
(1)
(1,612)
(1,665)
1
(49)
39
—
(1,712)
(1,721)
56
—
—
—
(1)
55
(27)
28
0.10
0.09
$
$
$
1,618
607
3,327
—
3,327
1,802
17,765
22,894
1,427
290
894
159
17,765
20,535
2,359
688
(288)
38
39
2,836
(1,464)
1,372
3.66
3.61
$
$
$
$
$
$
(32)
—
(32)
(50)
(82)
(50)
(2,310)
(2,442)
(16)
(61)
27
—
(2,537)
(2,587)
145
—
—
—
1
146
(59)
87
0.23
0.23
$
$
$
60
806
1,157
425
2,388
(40)
2,348
1,125
11,934
15,407
901
119
743
386
11,834
13,983
1,424
5
(234)
35
9
1,239
(431)
808
2.78
2.73
Statements of Comprehensive Income
($ in millions)
Net income
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Derivative instrument adjustments, net of tax
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
Pension and postretirement adjustments, net of tax
Reclassification of losses, net of tax
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income
$
$
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016
As Previously
Reported
Adoption of ASU
2014-09
As Adjusted
As Previously
Reported
Adoption of ASU
2014-09
As Adjusted
1,372
$
87
$
1,459
$
780
$
28
$
478
(14)
(2)
7
11
480
1,852
$
—
—
—
—
—
—
87
478
(14)
(2)
7
11
480
$
1,939
$
(311)
1
2
5
2
(301)
479
$
—
—
—
—
—
—
28
$
808
(311)
1
2
5
2
(301)
507
61
Balance Sheets
($ in millions)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and equivalents
Accounts and notes receivable, net
Prepaid expenses and other
Assets held for sale
Property and equipment, net
Intangible assets
Brands
Contract acquisition costs and other
Goodwill
Equity method investments
Notes receivable, net
Deferred tax assets
Other noncurrent assets
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt
Accounts payable
Accrued payroll and benefits
Liability for guest loyalty program
Accrued expenses and other
Long-term debt
Liability for guest loyalty program
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred revenue
Other noncurrent liabilities
Shareholders' equity
Class A Common Stock
Additional paid-in-capital
Retained earnings
Treasury stock, at cost
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
December 31, 2017
(As Previously
Reported) (1)
Adoption of ASU
2014-09
December 31, 2017
(As Adjusted)
$
383
$
— $
1,999
216
149
2,747
1,793
5,922
2,884
9,207
18,013
735
142
93
426
(26)
19
—
(7)
—
—
(262)
—
(262)
(1)
—
—
167
383
1,973
235
149
2,740
1,793
5,922
2,622
9,207
17,751
734
142
93
593
23,949
$
(103) $
23,846
$
$
$
— $
398
783
1,214
2,064
1,541
6,000
7,840
2,876
604
145
2,753
5
5,770
7,391
(9,418)
(17)
3,731
—
—
57
(250)
(193)
—
(57)
1
438
(143)
—
—
(149)
—
—
(149)
(103) $
398
783
1,214
2,121
1,291
5,807
7,840
2,819
605
583
2,610
5
5,770
7,242
(9,418)
(17)
3,582
23,846
$
23,949
$
(1)
Includes reclassifications among various captions, including Deferred revenue and Other noncurrent liabilities, to conform to current period
presentation.
62
Statements of Cash Flows
($ in millions)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016
As Previously
Reported
ASU
2014-09
ASUs
2016-18
and
2016-15
As Adjusted
As Previously
Reported
ASU
2014-09
ASUs
2016-18
and
2016-15
As Adjusted
$
1,372 $
87 $
— $
1,459
$
780 $
28 $
— $
Adjustments to reconcile to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, and other
Share-based compensation
Income taxes
Liability for guest loyalty program
Contract acquisition costs
Merger-related charges
Working capital changes
Gain on asset dispositions
Other
290
181
828
378
—
(124)
81
(687)
117
(11)
—
59
(80)
(185)
—
(128)
—
67
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
2,436
(191)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Acquisition of a business, net of cash acquired
Capital expenditures
Dispositions
Loan advances
Loan collections
Contract acquisition costs
Other
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Commercial paper/Credit Facility, net
Issuance of long-term debt
Repayment of long-term debt
Issuance of Class A Common Stock
Dividends paid
Purchase of treasury stock
Share-based compensation withholding taxes
Other
Net cash used in (provided by) financing activities
(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of period
—
(240)
1,418
(93)
187
(189)
(63)
1,020
25
—
(310)
6
(482)
(3,013)
(157)
—
(3,931)
(475)
858
—
—
—
—
—
189
2
191
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
17
—
(35)
(18)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
35
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
35
17
29
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period
$
383 $
— $
46 $
63
279
181
887
298
(185)
(124)
(30)
(687)
149
2,227
—
(240)
1,418
(93)
187
—
(61)
168
212
76
343
—
113
(77)
1
66
1,682
(2,412)
(199)
218
(32)
67
(80)
29
1,211
(2,409)
60
—
(310)
6
(482)
(3,013)
(157)
—
(3,896)
(458)
887
429
$
1,365
1,482
(326)
34
(374)
(568)
(100)
(24)
1,489
762
96
(9)
—
27
(122)
(76)
96
(24)
—
30
(50)
—
—
—
—
—
80
(30)
50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(5)
—
(8)
(13)
20
—
(7)
—
—
—
—
13
8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
8
8
21
858 $
— $
29 $
808
159
212
103
221
(76)
209
(106)
1
88
1,619
(2,392)
(199)
211
(32)
67
—
(1)
(2,346)
1,373
1,482
(326)
34
(374)
(568)
(100)
(24)
1,497
770
117
887
3. DISPOSITIONS AND ACQUISITIONS
Dispositions
In 2018, we sold the following properties and recognized total gains of $132 million in the “Gains and other income, net”
caption of our Income Statements:
•
The Tremont Chicago Hotel at Magnificent Mile and Le Centre Sheraton Montreal Hotel, two North American Full-
Service properties;
• The Westin Denarau Island Resort and The Sheraton Fiji Resort, two Asia Pacific properties; and
• The Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel & Convention Center and Park Tower, A Luxury Collection Hotel, Buenos Aires,
two Caribbean and Latin America properties.
In 2018, we sold our interest in three equity method investments, whose assets included a plot of land in Italy, the W
Hotel Mexico City, and the Royal Orchid Sheraton Hotel & Towers in Bangkok, and we recognized total gains of $42 million
in the “Gains and other income, net” caption of our Income Statements. Also in 2018, a Caribbean and Latin America investee
sold the JW Marriott Mexico City, and a North American Full-Service investee sold The Ritz-Carlton Toronto, and we recorded
our share of the gains of $55 million and $10 million, respectively, in the “Equity in earnings” caption of our Income
Statements.
In 2017, we sold the following three North American Full-Service properties:
• The Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel that was owned on a long-term ground lease;
• The Westin Maui that was owned on a long-term ground lease; and
• The Charlotte Marriott City Center and recognized a $24 million gain in the “Gains and other income, net” caption of
our Income Statements.
In 2017, Aramark purchased Avendra LLC, in which we had a 55 percent ownership interest. We recorded a non-recurring
pre-tax gain of $659 million in 2017 and $5 million in 2018, which we reflected in the “Gains and other income, net” caption of
our Income Statements. After cash paid for income taxes, the gain totaled $425 million. We committed to the owners of the
hotels in our system that the benefits derived from Avendra, including any dividends or sale proceeds above our original
investment, would be used for the benefit of the hotels in our system. Spending funded by the sale proceeds, which we present
in the “Reimbursed expenses” caption of our Income Statements, totaled $115 million ($85 million after-tax) in 2018. In
conjunction with the sale of Avendra to Aramark, we entered into a new five-year procurement services agreement
with Avendra for the benefit of our managed and owned properties in North America.
In 2016, we sold The St. Regis San Francisco, a North American Full-Service property.
Acquisitions
In 2018, we purchased the Sheraton Grand Phoenix, a North American Full-Service property that we manage, for $255
million.
2016 Starwood Combination
The following table presents the fair value of each type of consideration that we transferred in the Starwood Combination:
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Equivalent shares of Marriott common stock issued in exchange for Starwood outstanding shares
Marriott common stock price as of Merger Date
Fair value of Marriott common stock issued in exchange for Starwood outstanding shares
Cash consideration to Starwood shareholders, net of cash acquired of $1,116
Fair value of Marriott equity-based awards issued in exchange for vested Starwood equity-based awards
Total consideration transferred, net of cash acquired
$
$
134.4
68.44
9,198
2,412
71
11,681
64
Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed. The following table presents our fair value estimates of the assets
that we acquired and the liabilities that we assumed on the Merger Date:
($ in millions)
Working capital
Property and equipment, including assets held for sale
Identified intangible assets
Equity and cost method investments
Other noncurrent assets
Deferred income taxes, net
Guest loyalty program
Debt
Other noncurrent liabilities
Net assets acquired
Goodwill (1)
September 23, 2016 (as finalized)
$
$
(236)
1,706
7,238
537
200
(1,464)
(1,638)
(1,877)
(977)
3,489
8,192
11,681
(1)
Goodwill primarily represents the value that we expect to obtain from synergies and growth opportunities from our combined operations, and it is not
deductible for tax purposes.
We estimated the value of the acquired property and equipment using a combination of the income, cost, and market
approaches, which are primarily based on significant Level 2 and Level 3 assumptions, such as estimates of future income
growth, capitalization rates, discount rates, and capital expenditure needs of the hotel properties. Our equity method
investments consist primarily of partnership and joint venture interests in entities that own hotel real estate. We estimated the
value of the underlying real estate using the same methods as for property and equipment described above. We primarily valued
debt using quoted market prices, which are considered Level 1 inputs as they are observable in the market.
The following table presents our estimates of the fair values of Starwood’s identified intangible assets and their related
estimated useful lives.
Brands
Management Agreements and Lease Contract Intangibles
Franchise Agreements
Loyalty Program Marketing Rights
Estimated Fair Value
(in millions)
Estimated Useful Life
(in years)
$
$
5,664
751
746
77
7,238
indefinite
10 - 25
10 - 80
30
We estimated the value of Starwood’s brands using the relief-from-royalty method, which applies an estimated royalty
rate to forecasted future cash flows, discounted to present value. We estimated the value of management and franchise
agreements using the multi-period excess earnings method, which is a variation of the income approach. This method estimates
an intangible asset’s value based on the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows attributable to the intangible asset.
We valued the lease contract intangibles using an income approach. These valuation approaches utilize Level 3 inputs.
Pro Forma Results of Operations. We prepared unaudited pro forma information in accordance with applicable accounting
standards, assuming we completed the Starwood Combination on January 1, 2015, and using our estimates of the fair values of
assets and liabilities as of the Merger Date. Pro forma revenues totaled $22,492 million in 2016. Pro forma net income totaled
$1,180 million in 2016, and reflected $113 million of integration costs. These unaudited pro forma results do not reflect any
synergies from operating efficiencies, and they are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations of the
combined company would have been if the Starwood Combination had occurred on January 1, 2015, nor are they indicative of
future results of operations.
65
4. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The table below illustrates the reconciliation of the earnings and number of shares used in our calculations of basic and
diluted earnings per share:
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Computation of Basic Earnings Per Share
Net income
Shares for basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share
Computation of Diluted Earnings Per Share
Net income
Shares for basic earnings per share
Effect of dilutive securities
Share-based compensation
Shares for diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
5. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
RSUs and PSUs
2018
2017
2016
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,907
350.1
5.45
1,907
350.1
4.1
354.2
$
$
$
1,459
375.2
3.89
1,459
375.2
4.7
379.9
5.38
$
3.84
$
808
290.9
2.78
808
290.9
4.8
295.7
2.73
We granted RSUs in 2018 to certain officers and key employees, and those units vest generally over four years in equal
annual installments commencing one year after the grant date. Upon vesting, RSUs convert to shares of our common stock
which we distribute from treasury shares. We also granted performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”) in 2018 to certain executive
officers, which are earned, subject to continued employment and the satisfaction of certain performance conditions based on
achievement of pre-established targets for RevPAR Index, room openings, and/or net administrative expense over, or at the end
of, a three-year performance period.
We had deferred compensation costs for RSUs of approximately $167 million at year-end 2018 and $164 million at year-
end 2017. The weighted average remaining term for RSUs outstanding at year-end 2018 was two years.
The following table provides additional information on RSUs for the last three fiscal years:
Share-based compensation expense (in millions)
Weighted average grant-date fair value (per RSU)
Aggregate intrinsic value of distributed RSUs (in millions)
2018
2017
2016
$
$
$
170
132
294
$
$
$
172
85
322
$
$
$
204
66
190
The following table presents the changes in our outstanding RSUs, including PSUs, during 2018 and the associated
weighted average grant-date fair values:
Outstanding at year-end 2017
Granted
Distributed
Forfeited
Outstanding at year-end 2018
Other Information
Number of RSUs
(in millions)
Weighted Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
(per RSU)
$
5.6
1.5
(2.1)
(0.2)
4.8
$
71
132
69
93
90
At year-end 2018, we had 31 million remaining shares authorized under the Marriott and Starwood stock plans.
66
6.
INCOME TAXES
The components of our earnings before income taxes for the last three fiscal years consisted of:
($ in millions)
U.S.
Non-U.S.
2018
2017
2016
$
$
1,311
$
1,034
2,345
$
2,153
$
829
2,982
$
Our provision for income taxes for the last three fiscal years consists of:
($ in millions)
2018
2017
2016
Current
-U.S. Federal
$
(169) $
(1,253) $
-U.S. State
-Non-U.S.
Deferred
-U.S. Federal
-U.S. State
-Non-U.S.
(94)
(284)
(547)
10
(6)
105
109
(152)
(178)
(1,583)
61
(33)
32
60
$
(438) $
(1,523) $
888
351
1,239
(203)
(41)
(56)
(300)
(80)
(17)
(34)
(131)
(431)
Our tax provision included an excess tax benefit of $42 million in 2018 and $72 million in 2017 related to the vesting or
exercise of share-based awards. Our tax provision did not reflect excess tax benefits of $32 million in 2016, as this period
occurred before our adoption of ASU 2016-09. In our Statements of Cash Flows, we presented excess tax benefits as financing
cash flows before our adoption of ASU 2016-09.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following table reconciles our unrecognized tax benefit balance for each year from the beginning of 2016 to the end
of 2018:
($ in millions)
Unrecognized tax benefit at beginning of 2016
Additions from Starwood Combination
Change attributable to tax positions taken in prior years
Change attributable to tax positions taken during the current period
Decrease attributable to settlements with taxing authorities
Decrease attributable to lapse of statute of limitations
Unrecognized tax benefit at year-end 2016
Change attributable to tax positions taken in prior years
Change attributable to tax positions taken during the current period
Decrease attributable to settlements with taxing authorities
Decrease attributable to lapse of statute of limitations
Unrecognized tax benefit at year-end 2017
Change attributable to tax positions taken in prior years
Change attributable to tax positions taken during the current period
Decrease attributable to settlements with taxing authorities
Unrecognized tax benefit at year-end 2018
Amount
24
387
(3)
16
(2)
(1)
421
12
87
(28)
(1)
491
37
148
(53)
623
$
$
Our unrecognized tax benefit balances included $497 million at year-end 2018, $385 million at year-end 2017, and $288
million at year-end 2016 of tax positions that, if recognized, would impact our effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that
we will settle $243 million of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months. This includes $210 million of U.S.
federal issues that are currently in appeals and $33 million of state and non-U.S. audits we expect to resolve in 2019. We
67
recognize accrued interest and penalties for our unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense. Related interest
totaled $3 million in 2018, $24 million in 2017, and $8 million in 2016.
We file income tax returns, including returns for our subsidiaries, in various jurisdictions around the world. The U.S.
Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has examined our federal income tax returns, and as of year-end 2018, we have settled all
issues for tax years through 2013 for Marriott and through 2009 for Starwood. Our Marriott 2014 and 2015 tax year audits are
substantially complete, and our Marriott 2016 through 2018 tax year audits are currently ongoing. Starwood is currently under
audit by the IRS for years 2010 through 2016. Various foreign, state, and local income tax returns are also under examination
by the applicable taxing authorities.
Deferred Income Taxes
Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities and their tax bases, as well as from net operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. We state those balances at the
enacted tax rates we expect will be in effect when we pay or recover the taxes. Deferred income tax assets represent amounts
available to reduce income taxes we will pay on taxable income in future years. We evaluate our ability to realize these future
tax deductions and credits by assessing whether we expect to have sufficient future taxable income from all sources, including
reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings, and available tax planning strategies to utilize these
future deductions and credits. We establish a valuation allowance when we no longer consider it more likely than not that a
deferred tax asset will be realized.
The following table presents the tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carry-forward that gave rise to
significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of year-end 2018 and year-end 2017:
($ in millions)
Deferred Tax Assets
Employee benefits
Net operating loss carry-forwards
Accrued expenses and other reserves
Receivables, net
Tax credits
Loyalty Program
Deferred income
Self-insurance
Other
Deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Joint venture interests
Property and equipment
Intangibles
Self-insurance
Deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred taxes
At Year-End
2018
At Year-End
2017
$
$
261
494
160
12
24
133
56
—
13
1,153
(428)
725
(59)
(85)
(876)
(19)
(1,039)
$
(314) $
264
376
161
21
27
31
17
12
2
911
(309)
602
(33)
(62)
(1,019)
—
(1,114)
(512)
Our valuation allowance is attributable to non-U.S. and U.S. state net operating loss carry forwards. During 2018, our
valuation allowance increased primarily due to net operating losses in Luxembourg.
At year-end 2018, we had approximately $11 million of tax credits that will expire through 2025 and $13 million of tax
credits that do not expire. We recorded $10 million of net operating loss benefits in 2018 and $6 million in 2017. At year-end
2018, we had approximately $2,595 million of primarily state and foreign net operating losses, of which $1,712 million will
expire through 2038.
68
Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Actual Income Tax Rate
The following table reconciles the U.S. statutory tax rate to our effective income tax rate for the last three fiscal years:
U.S. statutory tax rate
U.S. state income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit
Non-U.S. income
Change in valuation allowance
Change in uncertain tax positions
Change in U.S. tax rate
Transition Tax on foreign earnings
Tax on asset dispositions
Excess tax benefits related to equity awards
Other, net
Effective rate
2018
2017
2016
21.0%
35.0%
2.5
(1.0)
2.6
1.0
(1.7)
0.1
(2.9)
(1.8)
(1.1)
3.1
(7.3)
2.0
2.2
(5.5)
22.8
(0.2)
(2.4)
1.4
35.0%
3.0
(6.1)
0.3
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
18.7%
51.1%
34.8%
The non-U.S. income tax benefit presented in the table above includes tax-exempt income in Hong Kong, a tax rate
incentive in Singapore, a deemed interest deduction in Switzerland, and tax-exempt income earned from certain operations in
Luxembourg, which collectively represented 3.4% in 2018, 6.2% in 2017, and 7.4% in 2016. We included the impact of these
items in the foreign tax rate differential line above because we consider them to be equivalent to a reduction of the statutory tax
rates in these jurisdictions. Pre-tax income in Switzerland, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Luxembourg totaled $432 million in
2018, $576 million in 2017, and $271 million in 2016.
The non-U.S. income tax benefit also includes 1.4% of U.S. income tax expense on non-U.S. operations. We included the
impact of this tax in the non-U.S. income line above because we consider this tax to be an integral part of the foreign taxes.
Other Information
We paid cash for income taxes, net of refunds of $678 million in 2018, $636 million in 2017, and $293 million in 2016.
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The SEC had provided
accounting and reporting guidance that allowed us to report provisional amounts within a measurement period up to one year
from the enactment date. Complexities inherent in adopting the changes included additional guidance, interpretations of the
law, and further analysis of data and tax positions. In 2018, we completed the accounting associated with the 2017 Tax Act as
further described below.
Reduction of U.S. federal corporate tax rate. The 2017 Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent
to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. In 2017, we recorded a provisional estimated net tax benefit of $153 million for our
year-end deferred tax assets and liabilities. In 2018, we completed our analyses of all impacts of the 2017 Tax Act, including,
but not limited to, our calculation of deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments
made to federal temporary differences, and recognized a tax benefit of $44 million.
Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax. The Deemed Repatriation Tax (“Transition Tax”) is a new one-time tax on
previously untaxed earnings and profits (“E&P”) of certain of our foreign subsidiaries accumulated post-1986 through year-end
2017. In addition to U.S. federal income taxes, the deemed repatriation of such E&P also resulted in additional state income
taxes in some of the U.S. states in which we operate. In 2017, we recorded a provisional estimated federal and state Transition
Tax expense of $745 million. In 2018, we finalized our preliminary calculation and recorded a charge of $3 million, which
includes a benefit of $5 million resulting from changes to E&P as a result of completing an IRS audit. Substantially all of our
unremitted foreign earnings that have not been previously taxed have now been subjected to U.S. taxation under the Transition
Tax. In 2018, we recorded a charge of $29 million for state tax liability on unremitted accumulated earnings. We have made no
additional provision for U.S. income taxes or additional non-U.S. taxes on the remaining unremitted accumulated earnings of
our non-U.S. subsidiaries. It is not practical at this time to determine the income tax liability related to any remaining
undistributed earnings or additional basis difference not subject to the Transition Tax.
Other provisions. The 2017 Tax Act also included a new provision designed to tax GILTI. We adopted the period cost
method and recorded a current provision for GILTI tax related to current-year operations in our annual effective tax rate.
69
7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Guarantees
We issue guarantees to certain lenders and hotel owners, chiefly to obtain long-term management contracts. The
guarantees generally have a stated maximum funding amount and a term of three to ten years. The terms of guarantees to
lenders generally require us to fund if cash flows from hotel operations are inadequate to cover annual debt service or to repay
the loan at maturity. The terms of the guarantees to hotel owners generally require us to fund if the hotels do not attain specified
levels of operating profit. Guarantee fundings to lenders and hotel owners are generally recoverable out of future hotel cash
flows and/or proceeds from the sale of hotels. We also enter into project completion guarantees with certain lenders in
conjunction with hotels that we or our joint venture partners are building.
We present the maximum potential amount of our future guarantee fundings and the carrying amount of our liability for
our debt service, operating profit, and other guarantees (excluding contingent purchase obligations) for which we are the
primary obligor at year-end 2018 in the following table:
($ in millions)
Guarantee Type
Debt service
Operating profit
Other
Maximum Potential
Amount
of Future Fundings
Recorded
Liability for
Guarantees
$
$
$
125
212
9
346
$
17
100
2
119
Our liability at year-end 2018 for guarantees for which we are the primary obligor is reflected in our Balance Sheets as
$23 million of “Accrued expenses and other” and $96 million of “Other noncurrent liabilities.”
Our guarantees listed in the preceding table include $3 million of debt service guarantees, $32 million of operating profit
guarantees, and $2 million of other guarantees that will not be in effect until the underlying properties open and we begin to
operate the properties or certain other events occur.
In conjunction with financing obtained for specific projects or properties owned by us or joint ventures in which we are a
party, we may provide industry standard indemnifications to the lender for loss, liability, or damage occurring as a result of the
actions of the other joint venture owner or our own actions.
Contingent Purchase Obligation
Sheraton Grand Chicago. We granted the owner a one-time right, exercisable in 2022, to require us to purchase the
leasehold interest in the land and the hotel for $300 million in cash (the “put option”). If the owner exercises the put option, we
have the option to purchase, at the same time the put transaction closes, the underlying fee simple interest in the land for an
additional $200 million in cash. We accounted for the put option as a guarantee, and our recorded liability at year-end 2018 was
$57 million.
We concluded that the entity that owns the Sheraton Grand Chicago hotel is a variable interest entity. We did not
consolidate the entity because we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s
economic performance. Our maximum exposure to loss related to the entity is equal to the difference between the purchase
price and the fair value of the hotel at the time that the put option is exercised, plus the maximum funding amount of an
operating profit guarantee that we provided for the hotel.
Commitments
At year-end 2018, we had the following commitments outstanding, which are not recorded on our Balance Sheets:
• We had a right and, under certain circumstances, an obligation to acquire our joint venture partner’s remaining
interests in two joint ventures at a price based on the performance of the ventures. In the 2019 first quarter, we
accelerated our option to acquire our partner’s interests. We expect to account for the transaction primarily as an
acquisition of brand and contract assets.
•
Investment commitments totaling up to $11 million of equity for non-controlling interests in real estate and travel
technology-related entities. We expect to invest up to $3 million in 2019 and $6 million thereafter. We do not expect
to fund the remaining commitments.
70
• Various loan commitments totaling $14 million, of which we expect to fund $5 million in 2019 and $5 million
thereafter. We do not expect to fund the remaining commitments.
• Various commitments to purchase information technology hardware, software, accounting, finance, and maintenance
services in the normal course of business, primarily for programs and services for which we are reimbursed by third-
party owners, totaling $286 million. We expect to purchase goods and services subject to these commitments as
follows: $153 million in 2019, $78 million in 2020, $38 million in 2021, and $17 million thereafter.
•
Several commitments aggregating $33 million, which we do not expect to fund.
Letters of Credit
At year-end 2018, we had $136 million of letters of credit outstanding (all outside the Credit Facility, as defined in
Footnote 10. Long-Term Debt), most of which were for our self-insurance programs. Surety bonds issued as of year-end 2018
totaled $152 million, most of which state governments requested in connection with our self-insurance programs.
Data Security Incident
Description of Event
On November 30, 2018, we announced a data security incident involving unauthorized access to the Starwood
reservations database (the “Data Security Incident”). Working with leading security experts, we determined that there was
unauthorized access to the Starwood network since 2014 and that an unauthorized party had copied information from the
Starwood reservations database and taken steps towards removing it. While our forensic review of the incident is now
complete, certain data analytics work continues. We have completed the planned phase out of the operation of the Starwood
reservations database, effective as of the end of 2018.
Expenses and Insurance Recoveries
In 2018, we recorded $28 million of expenses related to the Data Security Incident, partially offset by $25 million of
accrued insurance recoveries, which we recorded in either the “Reimbursed expenses” or “Merger-related costs and charges”
captions of our Income Statements. Expenses primarily included costs to investigate the Data Security Incident and customer
care costs. We recognize insurance recoveries when they are probable of receipt and present them in our Income Statements in
the same caption as the related loss, up to the amount of loss.
Litigation, Claims, and Government Investigations
To date, approximately 100 putative class action lawsuits have been filed by consumers and others against us in U.S.
federal, U.S. state and Canadian courts related to the Data Security Incident. The plaintiffs in these cases, who purport to
represent various classes of consumers, generally claim to have been harmed by alleged actions and/or omissions by the
Company in connection with the Data Security Incident and assert a variety of common law and statutory claims seeking
monetary damages, injunctive relief and other related relief. On February 6, 2019, the U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict
Litigation (MDL) issued an order consolidating the U.S. cases filed to that date and transferring them all to the U.S. District
Court for the District of Maryland. A putative class action lawsuit was filed against us and certain of our current officers and
directors on December 1, 2018 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York alleging violations of the federal
securities laws in connection with statements regarding our cybersecurity systems and controls. The complaint seeks
certification of a class of affected persons and unspecified monetary damages, costs and attorneys’ fees. This case is also
covered by the MDL order. A shareholder derivative complaint was also filed against the Company and each of the members of
our Board of Directors on February 26, 2019 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging, among
other claims, breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste, mismanagement and violations of the federal securities laws. This case
has not yet been consolidated as part of the MDL proceeding. We dispute the allegations in the complaints described above and
intend to defend vigorously against such claims.
In addition, numerous U.S. federal, U.S. state and foreign governmental authorities are investigating, or otherwise seeking
information and/or documents related to, the Data Security Incident and related matters, including Attorneys General offices
from all 50 states and the District of Columbia, the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission,
certain committees of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, the Information Commissioner’s Office in the United
Kingdom (“ICO”) as lead supervisory authority in the European Economic Area, and regulatory authorities in other
jurisdictions, including Germany. Following the Data Security Incident, the ICO notified us that it had opened an investigation
into the Company’s online privacy policy and related practices. This investigation is separate from the ICO’s investigation
related to the Data Security Incident.
71
While we believe it is reasonably possible that we may incur losses associated with the above described proceedings and
investigations, it is not possible to estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that might result from adverse judgments,
settlements, fines, penalties or other resolution of these proceedings and investigations based on the early stage of these
proceedings and investigations, the absence of specific allegations as to alleged damages, the uncertainty as to the certification
of a class or classes and the size of any certified class, if applicable, and the lack of resolution of significant factual and legal
issues.
8. LEASES
The following table presents our future minimum lease obligations for which we are the primary obligor as of year-end
2018:
($ in millions)
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter
Total minimum lease payments where we are the primary obligor
Less: Amount representing interest
Present value of minimum lease payments
Operating Leases
Capital Leases
$
$
$
171
170
145
153
139
1,295
2,073
$
$
13
13
13
13
13
165
230
67
163
Most leases have initial terms of up to 20 years, contain one or more renewals at our option, generally for five- or 10-year
periods, and generally contain fixed and variable components. The variable components of leases of land or building facilities
are primarily based on operating performance of the leased property.
The following table details the composition of rent expense for operating leases for the last three years:
($ in millions)
Minimum rentals
Additional rentals
2018
2017
2016
$
$
192
$
83
275
$
194
$
85
279
$
150
67
217
72
9. SELF-INSURANCE RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
The following table summarizes the activity in our self-insurance reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses as of
year-end 2018 and 2017:
($ in millions)
Balance at beginning of year
Less: Reinsurance recoverable
Net balance at beginning of year
Incurred related to:
Current year
Prior years
Total incurred
Paid related to:
Current year
Prior years
Total paid
Net balance at end of year
Add: Reinsurance recoverable
Balance at end of year
Current portion classified in “Accrued expenses and other”
Noncurrent portion classified in “Other noncurrent liabilities”
2018
2017
$
487
$
(3)
484
151
(37)
114
(32)
(96)
(128)
470
7
477
$
126
351
477
$
$
$
$
$
493
(3)
490
160
(59)
101
(30)
(77)
(107)
484
3
487
112
375
487
We decreased our provision for incurred losses for prior years by $37 million in 2018 and by $59 million in 2017 because
of changes in estimates from insured events from prior years due to changes in underwriting experience and frequency and
severity trends.
73
10. LONG-TERM DEBT
We provide detail on our long-term debt balances, net of discounts, premiums, and debt issuance costs, in the following
table at year-end 2018 and 2017:
($ in millions)
Senior Notes:
At Year-End
2018
At Year-End
2017
Series K Notes, interest rate of 3.0%, face amount of $600, maturing March 1, 2019
(effective interest rate of 4.4%)
$
600
$
Series L Notes, interest rate of 3.3%, face amount of $350, maturing September 15, 2022
(effective interest rate of 3.4%)
Series M Notes, interest rate of 3.4%, face amount of $350, maturing October 15, 2020
(effective interest rate of 3.6%)
Series N Notes, interest rate of 3.1%, face amount of $400, maturing October 15, 2021
(effective interest rate of 3.4%)
Series O Notes, interest rate of 2.9%, face amount of $450, maturing March 1, 2021
(effective interest rate of 3.1%)
Series P Notes, interest rate of 3.8%, face amount of $350, maturing October 1, 2025
(effective interest rate of 4.0%)
Series Q Notes, interest rate of 2.3%, face amount of $750, maturing January 15, 2022
(effective interest rate of 2.5%)
Series R Notes, interest rate of 3.1%, face amount of $750, maturing June 15, 2026
(effective interest rate of 3.3%)
Series S Notes, interest rate of 6.8%, face amount of $324, matured May 15, 2018
(effective interest rate of 1.7%)
Series T Notes, interest rate of 7.2%, face amount of $181, maturing December 1, 2019
(effective interest rate of 2.3%)
Series U Notes, interest rate of 3.1%, face amount of $291, maturing February 15, 2023
(effective interest rate of 3.1%)
Series V Notes, interest rate of 3.8%, face amount of $318, maturing March 15, 2025
(effective interest rate of 2.8%)
Series W Notes, interest rate of 4.5%, face amount of $278, maturing October 1, 2034
(effective interest rate of 4.1%)
Series X Notes, interest rate of 4.0%, face amount of $450, maturing April 15, 2028
(effective interest rate of 4.2%)
Series Y Notes, floating rate, face amount of $550, maturing December 1, 2020
(effective interest rate of 3.2% at December 31, 2018)
Series Z Notes, interest rate of 4.2%, face amount of $350, maturing December 1, 2023
(effective interest rate of 4.4%)
Series AA Notes, interest rate of 4.7%, face amount of $300, maturing December 1, 2028
(effective interest rate of 4.8%)
349
349
397
448
345
745
743
—
188
291
335
292
443
547
347
297
598
348
348
397
447
345
744
743
330
197
291
337
292
—
—
—
—
Commercial paper
Credit Facility
Capital lease obligations
Other
Less: Current portion of long-term debt
2,245
—
163
223
9,347
$
(833)
8,514
$
2,371
—
171
279
8,238
(398)
7,840
$
$
All our long-term debt is recourse to us but unsecured. All the Senior Notes shown in the table above are our unsecured
and unsubordinated obligations, which rank equally with our other Senior Notes and all other unsecured and unsubordinated
indebtedness that we have issued or will issue from time to time, and are governed by the terms of an indenture, dated as of
November 16, 1998, between us and The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly The Bank of New York), as trustee. With the
exception of the floating rate Series Y Notes, we may redeem some or all of each series of the Senior Notes before maturity
under the terms provided in the applicable form of Senior Note.
We are party to a multicurrency revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Facility”) that provides for up to $4 billion of
aggregate effective borrowings to support our commercial paper program and general corporate needs, including working
capital, capital expenditures, share repurchases, letters of credit, and acquisitions. Borrowings under the Credit Facility
74
generally bear interest at LIBOR (the London Interbank Offered Rate) plus a spread, based on our public debt rating. We also
pay quarterly fees on the Credit Facility at a rate based on our public debt rating. While any outstanding commercial paper
borrowings and/or borrowings under our Credit Facility generally have short-term maturities, we classify the outstanding
borrowings as long-term based on our ability and intent to refinance the outstanding borrowings on a long-term basis. The
Credit Facility expires on June 10, 2021. See the “Cash Requirements and Our Credit Facility” caption earlier in this report in
the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of Item 7 above for further information on our Credit Facility and available
borrowing capacity at December 31, 2018.
In the 2018 fourth quarter, we issued $550 million aggregate principal amount of three-month LIBOR plus 0.600 percent
Series Y Notes due December 1, 2020 (the “Series Y Notes”), $350 million aggregate principal amount of 4.150 percent Series
Z Notes due December 1, 2023 (the “Series Z Notes”), and $300 million aggregate principal amount of 4.650 percent Series
AA Notes due December 1, 2028 (the “Series AA Notes”). We will pay interest on the Series Y Notes on March 1, June 1,
September 1, and December 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2019, and will pay interest on the Series Z Notes and the
Series AA Notes on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing on June 1, 2019. We received net proceeds of
approximately $1,190 million from the offering of the Series Y Notes, the Series Z Notes, and the Series AA Notes, after
deducting the underwriting discount and estimated expenses.
In the 2018 second quarter, we issued $450 million aggregate principal amount of 4.000 percent Series X Notes due April
15, 2028 (the “Series X Notes”). We will pay interest on the Series X Notes on April 15 and October 15 of each year,
commencing on October 15, 2018. We received net proceeds of approximately $443 million from the offering of the Series X
Notes, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated expenses.
The proceeds from our 2018 senior note issuances were made available for general corporate purposes, which may
include working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, stock repurchases, or repayment of outstanding commercial paper or
other borrowings.
The following table presents future principal payments, net of discounts, premiums, and debt issuance costs, for our debt
as of year-end 2018:
Debt Principal Payments ($ in millions)
Amount
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter
Balance at year-end 2018
$
$
833
912
3,108
1,114
695
2,685
9,347
We paid cash for interest, net of amounts capitalized, of $290 million in 2018, $234 million in 2017, and $165 million in
2016.
11. PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
We sponsor numerous funded and unfunded domestic and international defined benefit pension plans. All defined benefit
plans covering U.S. employees are frozen, meaning that employees do not accrue additional benefits. Certain plans covering
non-U.S. employees remain active. We also sponsor the Starwood Retiree Welfare Program, which provides health care and life
insurance benefits for certain eligible retired employees.
75
The following tables show changes in plan assets and accumulated benefit obligations and the funded status of our
defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans at year-end 2018 and 2017:
($ in millions)
Plan Assets
Domestic Pension Benefits
Foreign Pension Benefits
Other Postretirement Benefits
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
Beginning fair value of plan assets
$
— $
— $
294
$
262
$
— $
Actual return on plan assets, net of expenses
Employer contribution
Participant contributions
Plan settlement (1)
Effect of foreign exchange rates
Benefits paid
Ending fair value of plan assets
Accumulated Benefit Obligations
Beginning benefit obligations
Interest cost
Actuarial (gain) loss
Participant contributions
Plan settlement (1)
Effect of foreign exchange rates
Benefits paid
Ending accumulated benefit obligations
Funded Status
Overfunded (underfunded) at year-end
$
$
$
$
—
2
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
(2)
— $
(2)
— $
(16)
—
—
(62)
(6)
(8)
29
2
—
—
10
(9)
—
1
1
—
—
(2)
202
$
294
$
— $
21
$
21
$
246
$
229
$
14
$
1
(1)
—
—
—
(2)
19
$
1
1
—
—
—
(2)
21
$
8
2
—
(55)
(4)
(9)
8
10
—
—
8
(9)
1
(2)
1
—
—
(2)
188
$
246
$
12
$
—
—
1
—
—
—
(1)
—
15
—
—
—
—
—
(1)
14
(19) $
(21) $
14
$
48
$
(12) $
(14)
(1)
In 2018, we transferred the benefit obligations of one of our international pension plans located in the U.K. to Legal & General Assurance Society
Limited (“LGAS”). The transaction met the criteria for settlement accounting, and accordingly, we removed the plan asset and liability from our Balance
Sheet at year-end 2018. We reported the loss of $20 million in the “Merger-related costs and charges” caption of our Income Statement because we had
assumed the plan in “Buy-In” status as a result of the Starwood Combination.
The following table shows the classification of overfunded and (underfunded) amounts in our Balance Sheets at year-end
2018 and 2017:
($ in millions)
Other noncurrent assets
Accrued expenses and other
Other noncurrent liabilities
At Year-End
2018
At Year-End
2017
$
$
21
$
(3)
(35)
(17) $
56
(3)
(40)
13
The following table shows the benefit obligations for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations that exceed the
fair value of plan assets:
Domestic Pension Benefits
Foreign Pension Benefits
($ in millions)
2018
2017
2018
2017
Projected benefit obligation
$
Accumulated benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets
$
19
19
—
$
21
21
—
$
8
7
—
8
7
—
76
The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at year-end 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
Domestic Pension Benefits
Foreign Pension Benefits
Other Postretirement Benefits
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase (1)
4.25%
n/a
3.50%
n/a
3.88%
3.02%
3.30%
3.02%
4.24%
n/a
3.50%
n/a
(1)
Rate of compensation increase is not applicable to domestic pension benefits as all domestic plans are frozen and do not accrue additional benefits, or to
other postretirement benefits as it is not an input in the benefit obligation determination.
Our investment objectives for plan assets are to minimize asset value volatility and to ensure the assets are sufficient to
pay plan benefits. The target asset allocation is 39% debt securities, 39% equity securities, and 22% other. We consider several
factors in assessing the expected return on plan assets, including current and expected allocation of plan assets, investment
strategy, historical rates of return and our expectations, as well as investment expert expectations, for investment performance
over approximately a ten-year period.
The following tables present our fair value hierarchy of plan assets at year-end 2018 and 2017:
($ in millions)
Assets:
Mutual funds
$
Collective trusts
Equity index trusts
Money markets
Bond index funds
76
—
86
—
—
At Year-End 2018
At Year-End 2017
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
$
— $
— $
1
—
2
1
4
$
36
—
—
—
36
$
76
37
86
2
1
86
—
94
1
—
$
— $
— $
1
—
9
2
101
—
—
—
86
102
94
10
2
294
$
162
$
$
202
$
181
$
12
$
101
$
The collective trust assets include investments in insurance contracts, which we valued using significant unobservable
inputs, including plan specific data and bond interest rates. We value all other assets using quoted market prices in active
markets or other observable inputs.
The following table shows our expected future pension and other postretirement benefit plan payments for the next ten
years:
($ in millions)
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024-2028
Domestic
Pension Benefits
Foreign
Pension Benefits
Other Postretirement
Benefits
Total
$
2
2
2
2
1
7
$
17
$
9
10
10
11
55
$
1
1
1
1
1
5
20
12
13
13
13
67
77
12. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
The following table details the composition of our intangible assets at year-end 2018 and 2017:
($ in millions)
Definite-lived Intangible Assets
Costs incurred to obtain contracts with customers
Contracts acquired in business combinations and other
Accumulated amortization
Indefinite-lived Intangible Brand Assets
At Year-End 2018
At Year-End 2017
$
$
1,347
$
1,983
3,330
(674)
2,656
5,724
8,380
$
1,137
2,052
3,189
(499)
2,690
5,854
8,544
We capitalize direct costs that we incur to obtain management, franchise, and license agreements. We amortize these costs
on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the agreements, ranging from 15 to 30 years.
For acquired definite-lived intangible assets, we recorded amortization expense of $111 million in 2018, $116 million in
2017, and $31 million in 2016 in the “Depreciation, amortization, and other” caption of our Income Statements. For these
assets, we estimate that our aggregate amortization expense will be $111 million for each of the next five fiscal years.
The following table details the carrying amount of our goodwill at year-end 2018 and 2017:
($ in millions)
Balance at year-end 2017
Foreign currency translation
Balance at year-end 2018
North American
Full-Service
North American
Limited-Service
Asia Pacific
Other
International
Total
Goodwill
$
$
3,585
$
1,769
$
1,928
$
1,925
$
(19)
(14)
(66)
(69)
3,566
$
1,755
$
1,862
$
1,856
$
9,207
(168)
9,039
13. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
The following table presents the composition of our property and equipment balances at year-end 2018 and 2017:
($ in millions)
Land
Buildings and leasehold improvements
Furniture and equipment
Construction in progress
Accumulated depreciation
At Year-End 2018
At Year-End 2017
$
$
591
$
1,275
1,439
168
3,473
(1,517)
1,956
$
601
1,052
1,121
116
2,890
(1,097)
1,793
We record property and equipment at cost, including interest and real estate taxes we incur during development and
construction. We capitalize the cost of improvements that extend the useful life of property and equipment when we incur them.
These capitalized costs may include structural costs, equipment, fixtures, floor, and wall coverings. We expense all repair and
maintenance costs when we incur them. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives
of the assets (generally three to 40 years), and we amortize leasehold improvements over the shorter of the asset life or lease
term. Our gross depreciation expense totaled $256 million in 2018, $231 million in 2017, and $157 million in 2016 (of which
$147 million in 2018, $126 million in 2017, and $76 million in 2016 was included in reimbursed costs). Fixed assets attributed
to operations located outside the U.S. were $533 million in 2018 and $705 million in 2017.
78
14. NOTES RECEIVABLE
The following table presents the expected future principal payments, net of reserves and unamortized discounts, as well as
interest rates for our notes receivable as of year-end 2018:
Notes Receivable Principal Payments ($ in millions)
Amount
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter
Balance at year-end 2018
Weighted average interest rate at year-end 2018
Range of stated interest rates at year-end 2018
$
$
6
62
2
2
—
59
131
5.9%
0 - 9%
At year-end 2018, our recorded investment in impaired senior, mezzanine, and other loans was $45 million, and we had a
$25 million allowance for credit losses, leaving $20 million of exposure to our investment in impaired loans. At year-end 2017,
our recorded investment in impaired senior, mezzanine, and other loans was $95 million, and we had a $72 million allowance
for credit losses, leaving $23 million of exposure to our investment in impaired loans. Our average investment in impaired
senior, mezzanine, and other loans totaled $70 million during 2018, $84 million during 2017, and $73 million during 2016.
15. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
We believe that the fair values of our current assets and current liabilities approximate their reported carrying amounts.
We present the carrying values and the fair values of noncurrent financial assets and liabilities that qualify as financial
instruments, determined under current guidance for disclosures on the fair value of financial instruments, in the following table:
($ in millions)
Senior, mezzanine, and other loans
Total noncurrent financial assets
Senior Notes
Commercial paper
Other long-term debt
Other noncurrent liabilities
Total noncurrent financial liabilities
At Year-End 2018
At Year-End 2017
Carrying
Amount
Fair Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair Value
$
$
$
$
125
125
$
$
116
116
$
$
142
142
$
$
(5,928) $
(5,794) $
(5,087) $
(2,245)
(184)
(153)
(2,245)
(182)
(153)
(2,371)
(217)
(178)
130
130
(5,126)
(2,371)
(221)
(178)
(8,510) $
(8,374) $
(7,853) $
(7,896)
We estimate the fair value of our senior, mezzanine, and other loans by discounting cash flows using risk-adjusted rates,
both of which are Level 3 inputs.
We estimate the fair value of our other long-term debt, including the current portion and excluding leases, using expected
future payments discounted at risk-adjusted rates, which are Level 3 inputs. We determine the fair value of our Senior Notes
using quoted market prices, which are directly observable Level 1 inputs. As noted in Footnote 10. Long-Term Debt, even
though our commercial paper borrowings generally have short-term maturities of 30 days or less, we classify outstanding
commercial paper borrowings as long-term based on our ability and intent to refinance them on a long-term basis. As we are a
frequent issuer of commercial paper, we use pricing from recent transactions as Level 2 inputs in estimating fair value. At year-
end 2018 and year-end 2017, we determined that the carrying value of our commercial paper approximated fair value due to the
short maturity. Our other noncurrent liabilities largely consist of guarantees. As we note in the “Guarantees” caption of
Footnote 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, we measure our liability for guarantees at fair value on a
nonrecurring basis, which is when we issue or modify a guarantee using Level 3 internally developed inputs. At year-end 2018
and year-end 2017, we determined that the carrying values of our guarantee liabilities approximated their fair values based on
Level 3 inputs.
79
See the “Fair Value Measurements” caption of Footnote 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more
information on the input levels we use in determining fair value.
16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following table details the accumulated other comprehensive loss activity for 2018, 2017, and 2016:
($ in millions)
Balance at year-end 2015
Other comprehensive (loss) income
before reclassifications (1)
Reclassification of losses
Net other comprehensive (loss) income
Balance at year-end 2016
Other comprehensive income (loss)
before reclassifications (1)
Reclassification of losses
Net other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at year-end 2017
Other comprehensive (loss) income
before reclassifications (1)
Reclassification of losses
Net other comprehensive (loss) income
Adoption of ASU 2016-01
Balance at year-end 2018
Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustments
Derivative
Instrument
Adjustments
Available-For-Sale
Securities
Unrealized
Adjustments
Pension and
Postretirement
Adjustments
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
$
$
$
$
(192) $
(8) $
(311)
—
(311)
1
2
3
(503) $
(5) $
478
2
480
(14)
9
(5)
$
$
4
2
—
2
6
(2)
—
(2)
— $
$
5
—
5
5
7
—
7
(23) $
(10) $
4
$
12
$
(391)
11
(380)
—
12
6
18
—
—
—
—
(4)
(8)
—
(8)
—
(403) $
8
$
— $
4
$
(196)
(303)
2
(301)
(497)
469
11
480
(17)
(387)
17
(370)
(4)
(391)
(1)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications for foreign currency translation adjustments includes gains (losses) on intra-entity foreign
currency transactions that are of a long-term investment nature of $14 million for 2018, $(147) million for 2017, and $69 million for 2016.
17. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We are a diversified global lodging company with operations in the following reportable business segments:
• North American Full-Service, which includes our Luxury and Premium brands located in the U.S. and Canada;
• North American Limited-Service, which includes our Select brands located in the U.S. and Canada; and
• Asia Pacific, which includes all brand tiers in our Asia Pacific region.
The following operating segments do not meet the applicable accounting criteria for separate disclosure as reportable
business segments: Caribbean and Latin America, Europe, and Middle East and Africa. We present these operating segments
together as “Other International” in the tables below.
We evaluate the performance of our operating segments using “segment profits” which is based largely on the results of
the segment without allocating corporate expenses, income taxes, or indirect general, administrative, and other expenses. We
assign gains and losses, equity in earnings or losses from our joint ventures, and direct general, administrative, and other
expenses to each of our segments. “Unallocated corporate” represents a portion of our revenues, including license fees we
receive from our credit card programs and fees from vacation ownership licensing agreements, general, administrative, and
other expenses, equity in earnings or losses, and other gains or losses that we do not allocate to our segments. Beginning in the
2018 first quarter, “Unallocated corporate” also includes revenues and expenses for our Loyalty Program, and we reflected this
change in the prior period amounts shown in the tables below. Additionally, in 2016, “Unallocated corporate” also included the
impact of Legacy-Starwood operations for the eight days ended September 30, 2016, as we did not allocate Legacy-Starwood’s
results to our segments for the period between the Merger Date and the end of the 2016 third quarter.
Our President and Chief Executive Officer, who is our “chief operating decision maker” (“CODM”), monitors assets for
the consolidated company, but does not use assets by operating segment when assessing performance or making operating
segment resource allocations.
80
Segment Revenues
The following tables present our revenues disaggregated by major revenue stream as of year-end 2018, year-end 2017,
and year-end 2016:
($ in millions)
Gross fee revenues
Contract investment amortization
Net fee revenues
Owned, leased, and other revenue
Cost reimbursement revenue
Total segment revenue
Unallocated corporate
Total revenue
($ in millions)
Gross fee revenues
Contract investment amortization
Net fee revenues
Owned, leased, and other revenue
Cost reimbursement revenue
Total segment revenue
Unallocated corporate
Total revenue
($ in millions)
Gross fee revenues
Contract investment amortization
Net fee revenues
Owned, leased, and other revenue
Cost reimbursement revenue
Total segment revenue
Unallocated corporate
Total revenue
North American
Full-Service
North American
Limited-Service
Asia Pacific
Other
International
Total
2018
$
$
1,255
$
903
$
479
$
518
$
(33)
1,222
593
11,257
(12)
891
128
2,198
(2)
477
182
459
(11)
507
668
1,091
13,072
$
3,217
$
1,118
$
2,266
$
$
3,155
(58)
3,097
1,571
15,005
19,673
1,085
20,758
North American
Full-Service
North American
Limited-Service
Asia Pacific
Other
International
Total
2017
$
$
1,202
$
842
$
431
$
476
$
(25)
1,177
697
11,035
(11)
831
132
2,256
(1)
430
191
433
(13)
463
685
1,140
12,909
$
3,219
$
1,054
$
2,288
$
$
2,951
(50)
2,901
1,705
14,864
19,470
982
20,452
North American
Full-Service
North American
Limited-Service
Asia Pacific
Other
International
Total
2016
$
$
856
$
746
$
231
$
312
$
(21)
835
390
8,199
(9)
737
119
2,038
9,424
$
2,894
$
(1)
230
127
274
631
(9)
303
438
922
$
1,663
$
$
2,145
(40)
2,105
1,074
11,433
14,612
795
15,407
Revenues attributed to operations located outside the U.S. were $4,246 million in 2018, $3,830 million in 2017, and
$3,187 million in 2016.
81
Segment Profits
($ in millions)
North American Full-Service
North American Limited-Service
Asia Pacific
Other International
Other unallocated corporate
Interest expense, net of interest income
Income taxes
Net income
2018
2017
2016
$
1,153
$
1,238
$
786
456
570
(302)
(318)
(438)
827
361
420
386
(250)
(1,523)
$
1,907
$
1,459
$
801
702
160
222
(447)
(199)
(431)
808
Segment profits attributed to operations located outside the U.S. were $1,155 million in 2018, $837 million in 2017, and
$446 million in 2016. The 2018 segment profits consisted of segment profits of $456 million from Asia Pacific, $266 million
from Europe, $242 million from the Caribbean and Latin America, $62 million from the Middle East and Africa, and $129
million from other locations.
Depreciation, Amortization, and Other
($ in millions)
North American Full-Service
North American Limited-Service
Asia Pacific
Other International
Unallocated corporate
Capital Expenditures
($ in millions)
North American Full-Service
North American Limited-Service
Asia Pacific
Other International
Unallocated corporate
2018
2017
2016
$
82
15
26
70
33
$
82
14
32
71
30
226
$
229
$
2018
2017
2016
290
$
15
6
40
205
556
$
21
10
12
42
155
240
$
$
43
13
8
34
21
119
35
7
1
38
118
199
$
$
$
$
18. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Equity Method Investments
We have equity method investments in entities that own properties for which we provide management services and
receive fees. In addition, in some cases we provide loans, preferred equity, or guarantees to these entities.
82
The following tables present financial data resulting from transactions with these related parties:
Income Statement Data
($ in millions)
Base management fees
Incentive management fees
Contract investment amortization
Owned, leased, and other revenue
Cost reimbursement revenue
Depreciation, amortization, and other
General, administrative, and other
Reimbursed expenses
Gains and other income, net
Interest income
Equity in earnings
Balance Sheet Data
($ in millions)
Current assets
Accounts and notes receivable, net
Prepaid expenses and other
Intangible assets
Contract acquisition costs and other
Equity method investments
Other noncurrent assets
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses and other
Deferred tax liabilities
Other noncurrent liabilities
$
$
2018
2017
2016
$
25
12
(2)
—
332
(2)
—
(337)
51
—
103
$
28
15
(2)
2
356
(3)
(1)
(356)
658
4
40
18
10
(2)
—
222
(1)
—
(222)
1
5
9
At Year-End 2018
At Year-End 2017
31
$
1
32
732
10
(4)
(16)
(20)
(11)
42
—
39
734
17
(11)
(17)
(41)
(4)
Undistributed earnings attributable to our equity method investments represented approximately $70 million of our
consolidated retained earnings at year-end 2018.
Summarized Financial Information for Investees
The following tables present summarized financial information for the entities in which we have equity method investments:
($ in millions)
Sales
Net income
($ in millions)
Assets (primarily composed of hotel real estate managed by us)
Liabilities
2018
2017
2016 (1)
$
932
221
1,176
$
222
747
101
At Year-End 2018
At Year-End 2017
2,724
$
1,843
2,234
1,649
$
$
(1)
2016 sales and net income for entities in which we acquired an investment through the Starwood Combination are for the period from the Merger Date to
year-end 2016.
The carrying amount of our equity method investments was $732 million at year-end 2018 and $734 million at year-end
2017. This value exceeded our share of the book value of the investees' net assets by $419 million at year-end 2018 and $441 at
year-end 2017, primarily due to the value that we assigned to land, contracts, and buildings owned by the investees.
83
Other Related Parties
We received management fees of approximately $13 million in 2018, $13 million in 2017, and $13 million in 2016, plus
reimbursement of certain expenses, from our operation of properties owned by JWM Family Enterprises, L.P., which is
beneficially owned and controlled by J.W. Marriott, Jr., Deborah Marriott Harrison, and other members of the Marriott family.
19. RELATIONSHIP WITH MAJOR CUSTOMER
Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., formerly known as Host Marriott Corporation, and its affiliates (“Host”) owned or leased 74
lodging properties at year-end 2018 and 81 at year-end 2017 that we operated or franchised. Over the last three years, we
recognized revenues, including cost reimbursement revenue, of $2,542 million in 2018, $2,671 million in 2017, and $2,015
million in 2016 from those lodging properties, and included those revenues in our North American Full-Service and North
American Limited-Service reportable business segments, and our Caribbean and Latin America and Europe operating
segments.
Host is also a partner in certain unconsolidated partnerships that own lodging properties that we operate under long-term
agreements. Host was affiliated with 10 such properties at year-end 2018 and 11 such properties at year-end 2017. We
recognized revenues, including cost reimbursement revenue, of $123 million in 2018, $114 million in 2017, and $100 million
in 2016 from those lodging properties, and included those revenues in our North American Full-Service reportable business
segment and our Europe operating segment.
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA – UNAUDITED
($ in millions, except per share data)
Revenues
Operating income
Net income
Basic earnings per share (1)
Diluted earnings per share (1)
($ in millions, except per share data)
Revenues
Operating income
Net income
Basic earnings per share (1)
Diluted earnings per share (1)
First
Quarter
Second
Quarter
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
5,009
530
420
1.17
1.16
First
Quarter
4,912
546
371
0.96
0.95
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
5,409
818
667
1.89
1.87
Second
Quarter
5,211
744
489
1.29
1.28
2018
Third
Quarter
5,051
596
503
1.45
1.43
2017
Third
Quarter
5,078
790
485
1.30
1.29
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Fourth
Quarter
Fiscal
Year
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
5,289
422
317
0.93
0.92
Fourth
Quarter
5,251
424
114
0.31
0.31
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
20,758
2,366
1,907
5.45
5.38
Fiscal
Year
20,452
2,504
1,459
3.89
3.84
(1)
The sum of the earnings per share for the four quarters may differ from annual earnings per share due to the required method of computing the weighted
average shares in interim periods.
In the 2018 fourth quarter, we identified errors related to our Loyalty Program, which resulted in the understatement of
cost reimbursement revenue, net of reimbursed expenses in our previously issued financial statements for the 2018 first,
second, and third quarters. Correction of the errors resulted in a $99 million increase to net income for the 2018 first three
quarters combined. We concluded that the errors were and continue to be immaterial to those financial statements. We revised
each prior period presented in the 2018 quarterly financial data table above to reflect the correction of the immaterial errors
because recording the out of period adjustments would have been material to the 2018 fourth quarter. The table below presents
the effects of our adjustments.
84
($ in millions, except per share amounts)
As Previously
Reported
Adjustments
As Adjusted
As Previously
Reported
Adjustments As Adjusted
As Previously
Reported
Adjustments As Adjusted
First Quarter
2018
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
REVENUES
Base management fees
$
273 $
— $
Franchise fees
Incentive management fees
Gross fee revenues
Contract investment amortization
Net fee revenues
Owned, leased, and other revenue
Cost reimbursement revenue
OPERATING COSTS AND
EXPENSES
Owned, leased, and other-direct
Depreciation, amortization, and other
General, administrative, and other
Merger-related costs and charges
Reimbursed expenses
OPERATING INCOME
Gains and other income, net
Interest expense
Interest income
Equity in earnings
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
Provision for income taxes
NET INCOME
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per share - basic
Earnings per share - diluted
417
155
845
(18)
827
406
3,773
5,006
336
54
247
34
3,835
4,506
500
59
(75)
5
13
502
(104)
$
$
$
398 $
1.11 $
1.09 $
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
3
—
—
—
—
(27)
(27)
30
—
—
—
—
30
(8)
22 $
0.06 $
0.07 $
273
417
155
845
(18)
827
406
3,776
5,009
336
54
247
34
3,808
4,479
530
59
(75)
5
13
532
(112)
420
1.17
1.16
300
475
176
951
(13)
938
423
4,048
5,409
334
58
217
18
3,964
4,591
818
114
(85)
6
21
874
(207)
667
1.89
1.87
$
279 $
— $
502
151
932
(13)
919
397
3,733
5,049
315
52
221
12
3,879
4,479
570
18
(86)
5
61
568
(85)
$
$
$
483 $
1.39 $
1.38 $
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
2
—
—
—
—
(24)
(24)
26
—
—
—
—
26
(6)
20 $
0.06 $
0.05 $
279
502
151
932
(13)
919
397
3,735
5,051
315
52
221
12
3,855
4,455
596
18
(86)
5
61
594
(91)
503
1.45
1.43
$
300 $
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
63
63
—
—
—
—
(15)
(15)
78
—
—
—
—
78
(21)
57 $
0.16 $
0.16 $
475
176
951
(13)
938
423
3,985
5,346
334
58
217
18
3,979
4,606
740
114
(85)
6
21
796
(186)
$
$
$
610 $
1.73 $
1.71 $
85
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, we evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation
of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure
controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
“Exchange Act”)). Management necessarily applied its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of those controls and
procedures, which by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance about management’s control objectives. You should
note that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events,
and we cannot assure you that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions,
regardless of how remote. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded
that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of the material weakness in internal control over
financial reporting described below. In light of the material weakness, management performed additional procedures to validate
the accuracy and completeness of the financial results impacted by the control deficiencies. Such procedures included the
validation of data underlying key financial models, substantive logic inspection, fluctuation analyses, and detailed testing.
Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A material weakness (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in
internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the
company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
In the 2018 fourth quarter, we identified the following deficiencies in the design of internal control over financial
reporting for our Loyalty Program.
1. There were not sufficient resources with an understanding of both the requirements under generally accepted
accounting principles of ASU 2014-09 and Loyalty Program operations involved in the initial implementation and
ongoing monitoring of ASU 2014-09 to allow the individuals responsible for the review of the Loyalty Program
accounting model to prevent or detect material misstatements on a timely basis in the normal course of their review.
2. The combination of the Starwood Preferred Guest and Marriott Rewards programs in August 2018 resulted in delayed,
incomplete, and inaccurate reporting of Loyalty Program data such that the financial results of the Loyalty Program
could not be properly recorded on a timely basis.
These control deficiencies resulted in errors in the calculation of cost reimbursement revenue and reimbursed expenses in
our previously issued financial statements for the 2018 first, second, and third quarters. Although the errors were not material to
those financial statements, we concluded that the combination of control deficiencies represented a material weakness. Ernst &
Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has independently assessed our internal control over financial
reporting and its report is included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Remediation of Material Weakness
We have developed a remediation plan that includes steps to increase dedicated personnel, improve reporting processes,
and enhance related supporting technology. We are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and
implementing measures designed to help ensure that control deficiencies contributing to the material weakness are remediated
as soon as possible.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have set forth management’s report on internal control over financial reporting and the attestation report of our
independent registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-
K, and we incorporate those reports here by reference.
As outlined above, we are in the process of taking steps to remediate the material weakness. We made no other changes in
internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2018 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
86
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
PART III
Items 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.
As described below, we incorporate by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K certain information appearing in
the Proxy Statement that we will furnish to our shareholders for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate
Governance.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
We incorporate this information by reference to “Our Board
of Directors,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting
Compliance,” “Audit Committee,” “Transactions with Related
Persons,” and “Selection of Director Nominees” sections of
our Proxy Statement. We have included information regarding
our executive officers and our Code of Ethics below.
We incorporate this information by reference to the
“Executive and Director Compensation” and “Compensation
Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” sections of
our Proxy Statement.
We incorporate this information by reference to the
“Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity
Compensation Plans” and the “Stock Ownership” sections of
our Proxy Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,
and Director Independence.
We incorporate this information by reference to the
“Transactions with Related Persons” and “Director
Independence” sections of our Proxy Statement.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
We incorporate this information by reference to the
“Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fee
Disclosure” and the “Pre-Approval of Independent Auditor
Fees and Services Policy” sections of our Proxy Statement.
87
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
We include below certain information on our executive officers. This information is as of February 1, 2019, except where
indicated.
Name and Title
J.W. Marriott, Jr.
Executive Chairman and
Chairman of the Board
Arne M. Sorenson
President and Chief Executive Officer
Bao Giang Val Bauduin
Controller and Chief
Accounting Officer
Liam Brown
President & Managing Director
Europe
Age
86
Business Experience
J.W. Marriott, Jr. was elected Executive Chairman effective March 31, 2012,
having relinquished his position as Chief Executive Officer. He served as
Chief Executive Officer of the Company and its predecessors since 1972. He
joined Marriott in 1956, became President and a Director in 1964, Chief
Executive Officer in 1972, and Chairman of the Board in 1985. Mr. Marriott
serves on the Board of Trustees of The J. Willard & Alice S. Marriott
Foundation and the Executive Committee of the World Travel & Tourism
Council. Mr. Marriott has served as a Director of the Company and its
predecessors since 1964. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in banking
and finance from the University of Utah.
60 Arne M. Sorenson is President and Chief Executive Officer of Marriott. Mr.
Sorenson became the third CEO in the Company’s history in 2012. Before
that, he served as Marriott’s President and Chief Operating Officer. He has
held a number of positions since joining Marriott in 1996, including
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, President of Continental
European Lodging, and Senior Vice President of Business Development. He
was elected to Marriott’s Board of Directors in 2011. Mr. Sorenson is active
on multiple boards. He joined the Microsoft Board of Directors in November
2017. He is also a member of the Business Roundtable, serving on both its
Immigration and Infrastructure Committees. He serves on the Board of
Trustees for The Brookings Institution, the Board of Directors for the
Warrior-Scholar Project, and as a member of the Luther College Board of
Regents. Before he joined Marriott, Mr. Sorenson was a Partner with the law
firm Latham & Watkins in Washington, D.C. He holds a Bachelor of Arts
degree from Luther College in Decorah, Iowa and a J.D. from the University
of Minnesota Law School.
42 Val Bauduin became Marriott’s Controller and Chief Accounting Officer in
June 2014, with responsibility for the accounting operations of the Company
including oversight of Financial Reporting & Analysis, Accounting Policy,
Governance, Risk Management (Insurance, Claims, Business Continuity,
Fire & Life Safety), Global Finance Shared Services, and the Corporate
Finance Business Partners. Before joining Marriott, Mr. Bauduin was a
Partner and U.S. Hospitality leader of Deloitte & Touche LLP from 2011 to
2014, where he served as a Travel, Hospitality & Leisure industry expert for
Deloitte teams globally. He has supported complex capital market
transactions, including initial public offerings, mergers, acquisitions,
spinoffs, and real estate development projects related to gaming and
hospitality. Mr. Bauduin earned a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from the
University of Notre Dame and a Master of Business Administration from
The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also a Certified
Public Accountant.
58 Liam Brown was appointed President & Managing Director of Europe, a
division that encompasses Continental Europe, the United Kingdom, and
Ireland, in January 2019. Mr. Brown joined Marriott in 1989 and most
recently served as President for Franchising, Owner Services and Managed
by Marriott Select Brands, North America since 2012. Other key positions
held by Mr. Brown include Chief Operations Officer for The Americas for
Select Service & Extended Stay Lodging and Owner & Franchise Services,
as well as Senior Vice President and Executive Vice President of
Development for Marriott’s Select Service & Extended Stay lodging
products. Mr. Brown currently serves on the Board of Directors for the
International Franchise Association. He holds a Hotel Diploma and Business
Degree from the Dublin Institute of Technology, Trinity College and earned
his Master of Business Administration from the Robert H. Smith School of
Management at the University of Maryland.
88
Name and Title
Anthony G. Capuano
Executive Vice President
and Global Chief Development Officer
David Grissen
Group President
Alex Kyriakidis
President & Managing Director
Middle East & Africa
Stephanie Linnartz
Executive Vice President and
Global Chief Commercial Officer
Age
53 Anthony G. Capuano became Marriott’s Executive Vice President and
Business Experience
Global Chief Development Officer in 2009. He is responsible for the global
development of all Marriott lodging brands and supervises 20 offices outside
of North America as well as multiple offices across North America. Mr.
Capuano began his Marriott International career in 1995 as part of the
Market Planning and Feasibility team. Between 1997 and 2005, he led
Marriott’s full-service development efforts in the Western U.S. and Canada.
In early 2008, his responsibilities expanded to include all of North America
and the Caribbean and Latin America. Mr. Capuano began his professional
career in Laventhol and Horwath’s Boston-based Leisure Time Advisory
Group. He then joined Kenneth Leventhal and Company’s hospitality
consulting group in Los Angeles, CA. Mr. Capuano earned his bachelor’s
degree in Hotel Administration from Cornell University. He is an active
member of the Cornell Society of Hotelmen and a member of The Cornell
School of Hotel Administration Dean’s Advisory Board. Mr. Capuano is also
a member of the American Hotel and Lodging Association’s Industry Real
Estate Financial Advisory Council.
61 David Grissen became Group President effective February 2014, assuming
additional responsibility for The Ritz-Carlton and Global Operations
Services. He became the Group President for the Americas in 2012, with
responsibility for all business activities including Operations, Sales and
Marketing, Revenue Management, Human Resources, Engineering, Rooms
Operations, Food and Beverage, Retail, Spa, Information Technology and
Development. Before this, he served as President, Americas from 2010;
Executive Vice President of the Eastern Region from 2005; Senior Vice
President of the Mid-Atlantic Region and Senior Vice President of Finance
and Business Development from 2000. Mr. Grissen is chair of the Americas’
Hotel Development Committee and a member of the Lodging Strategy
Group and Corporate Growth Committee. He is a member of the Board of
Directors of Regis Corporation. Mr. Grissen holds a Bachelor of Arts degree
from Michigan State University and earned his Master of Business
Administration from Loyola University in Chicago.
66 Alex Kyriakidis became President & Managing Director, Middle East &
Africa (MEA), for Marriott in 2012. He is responsible for all business
activities for MEA, including Development, Brands, Sales, Marketing,
Finance, Human Resources, Legal, and Operations. Before joining Marriott
in 2012, Mr. Kyriakidis served as Global Managing Director - Travel,
Hospitality & Leisure for Deloitte LLP. In this role, Mr. Kyriakidis led the
Global Travel, Hospitality & Leisure Industry team, where he was
responsible for a team of 4,500 professionals. He has dozens of years of
experience providing strategic, financial, M&A, operational, asset
management and integration services to the travel, hospitality and leisure
sectors and has served clients in 25 countries, predominantly in the EMEA
and Asia/Pacific regions. Mr. Kyriakidis is a fellow of the Arab Society of
Certified Accountants, the British Association of Hotel Accountants, and the
Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. He holds a
Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and mathematics from
Leeds University in the United Kingdom.
50 Stephanie Linnartz became the Global Chief Commercial Officer in March
2013 and was named an executive officer in February 2014. She has
responsibility for the Company’s brand management, marketing, digital,
sales, reservations, revenue management, consumer insight, and information
technology functions. Before assuming her current position, Ms. Linnartz
served as Global Officer, Sales and Revenue Management from 2009 to
2013; Senior Vice President, Global Sales from 2008 to 2009; and Senior
Vice President, Sales and Marketing Planning and Support from 2005 to
2008. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Political Science and Government
from the College of the Holy Cross and earned her Master of Business
Administration from the College of William and Mary.
89
Name and Title
Kathleen K. Oberg
Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
Rena Hozore Reiss
Executive Vice President and
General Counsel
David A. Rodriguez
Executive Vice President
and Global Chief Human Resources
Officer
Craig S. Smith
President & Managing Director
Asia Pacific
Age
58 Kathleen (“Leeny”) K. Oberg was appointed as Marriott’s Chief Financial
Business Experience
Officer, effective January 1, 2016. Previously, Ms. Oberg was the Chief
Financial Officer for The Ritz-Carlton since 2013, where she contributed
significantly to the brand’s performance, growth, and organizational
effectiveness. Prior to assuming that role, Ms. Oberg served in a range of
financial leadership positions with Marriott. From 2008 to 2013, she was the
Company’s Senior Vice President, Corporate and Development Finance,
where she led a team that valued new hotel development projects and merger
and acquisition opportunities, prepared the Company’s long-range plans and
annual budgets, and made recommendations for the Company’s financial and
capital allocation strategy. From 2006 to 2008, Ms. Oberg served in London
as Senior Vice President, International Project Finance and Asset
Management for Europe and the Middle East and Africa, and as the region’s
senior finance executive. Ms. Oberg first joined Marriott as part of its
Investor Relations group in 1999. Before joining Marriott, Ms. Oberg held a
variety of financial leadership positions with such organizations as Sodexo
(previously Sodexo Marriott Services), Sallie Mae, Goldman Sachs, and
Chase Manhattan Bank. She currently serves on the Adobe Board of
Directors. She earned her Bachelor of Science in Commerce, with
concentrations in Finance and Management Information Systems from the
University of Virginia, McIntire School of Commerce and received her
Master of Business Administration from Stanford University Graduate
School of Business.
59 Rena Hozore Reiss became Executive Vice President and General Counsel
in December 2017. Ms. Reiss previously held the position of Executive Vice
President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary at Hyatt Hotels where
she led the global legal team and oversaw Hyatt’s risk management team and
corporate transactions group. Prior to her position with Hyatt, Ms. Reiss was
an attorney in Marriott’s law department from 2000 to 2010 building her
career in roles with increasing responsibility, ultimately holding the position
of Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel in which she led
Marriott’s development efforts in the America’s region. Before joining
Marriott, Ms. Reiss was a partner at Counts & Kanne, Chartered, in
Washington, D.C. and Associate General Counsel at the Miami Herald
Publishing Company. She earned her A.B. from Princeton University and her
J.D. from Harvard Law School.
60 David A. Rodriguez was appointed Executive Vice President and Global
Chief Human Resources Officer in 2006. Before joining Marriott in 1998, he
held senior roles in human resources at Citicorp (now Citigroup) from 1989
through 1998. Dr. Rodriguez holds a Bachelor of Arts degree and a doctorate
degree in industrial/organizational psychology from New York University.
He is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Human Resources, a
vice chair and member of the executive committees of the Human Resources
Policy Association and the American Health Policy Institute, and a governor
on the board of the Health Transformation Alliance.
56 Craig S. Smith became President and Managing Director of Asia Pacific in
June 2015, assuming the responsibility for the strategic leadership of all
operational and development functions spanning the region. Mr. Smith
began his career with Marriott in 1988. Before his current position, Mr.
Smith served as President of Marriott’s Caribbean and Latin American
region from 2011 to 2015. Before moving to the Caribbean and Latin
American region in 2011, he was Executive Vice President and Chief
Operations Officer for Asia Pacific. As the son of an American diplomat, Mr.
Smith has lived in 13 countries, working in North America, the Caribbean,
Latin America, Asia Pacific, and Australia. He is fluent in Spanish and
conversant in Portuguese. Mr. Smith earned his Master of Business
Administration from the Rotman School of Management at the University of
Toronto and a Bachelor of Science from Brigham Young University.
90
Code of Ethics and Business Conduct Guide
The Company has long maintained and enforced a Code of Ethics that applies to all Marriott associates, including our
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer, and to each
member of the Board. The Code of Ethics is encompassed in our Business Conduct Guide, which is available in the Investor
Relations section of our website (www.marriott.com/investor) by clicking on “Governance” and then “Documents & Charters.”
We intend to post on that website any future changes or amendments to our Code of Ethics, and any waiver of our Code of
Ethics that applies to our Chairman of the Board, any of our executive officers, or a member of our Board within four business
days following the date of the amendment or waiver.
PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
LIST OF DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT
(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We include this portion of Item 15 under Part II, Item 8 of this Report on Form 10-K.
(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
We include the financial statement schedule information required by the applicable accounting regulations of
the SEC in the notes to our financial statements and incorporate that information in this Item 15 by reference.
(3) EXHIBITS
Any shareholder who wants a copy of the following Exhibits may obtain one from us upon request at a charge
that reflects the reproduction cost of such Exhibits. Requests should be made to the Secretary, Marriott
International, Inc., 10400 Fernwood Road, Department 52/862, Bethesda, MD 20817.
We have not filed as exhibits certain instruments defining the rights of holders of the long-term debt of Marriott
or its subsidiary Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, LLC, pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K
promulgated under the Exchange Act, because the amount of debt authorized and outstanding under each such
instrument does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of the Company’s and its consolidated subsidiaries.
The Company agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the Commission upon request.
Exhibit No.
Description
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of
November 15, 2015, by and among the Company,
Starwood, and certain of their subsidiaries.
Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger,
dated March 20, 2016, by and among the Company,
Starwood, and certain of their subsidiaries.
Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
Amended and Restated Bylaws.
Form of Common Stock Certificate.
Indenture dated as of November 16, 1998, between
the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as
successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., formerly
known as The Chase Manhattan Bank.
Incorporation by Reference (where a report is indicated below,
that document has been previously filed with the SEC and the
applicable exhibit is incorporated by reference thereto)
Exhibit No. 2.1 to our Form 8-K filed November 16,
2015 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 2.1 to our Form 8-K filed March 21, 2016
(File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 3(i) to our Form 8-K filed August 22,
2006 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 3.(ii) to our Form 8-K filed February 14,
2017 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 4.5 to our Form S-3ASR filed December
8, 2005 (File No. 333-130212).
Exhibit No. 4.1 to our Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended January 1, 1999 (File No. 001-13881).
91
Exhibit No.
10.1.1
Description
U.S. $4,000,000,000 Fourth Amended and Restated
Credit Agreement dated as of June 10, 2016 with
Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent and
certain banks.
10.1.2
10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.4.1
10.4.2
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.6.1
First Amendment as of December 7, 2018 to the
Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
dated as of June 10, 2016 with Bank of America, N.A.
as administrative agent and certain banks.
License, Services and Development Agreement
entered into on November 17, 2011, among the
Company, Marriott Worldwide Corporation, Marriott
Vacations Worldwide Corporation, and the other
signatories thereto.
First Amendment to License, Services, and
Development Agreement for Marriott Projects, dated
February 26, 2018, among the Company, Marriott
Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Vacations
Worldwide Corporation, and the other signatories
thereto.
Letter of Agreement, effective as of September 1,
2018, among Marriott International, Inc., Marriott
Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Rewards, LLC,
Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, LLC, Marriott
Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Marriott
Ownership Resorts, Inc., Vistana Signature
Experiences, Inc. and ILG, LLC.
License, Services and Development Agreement
entered into on November 17, 2011, among The Ritz-
Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C., Marriott Vacations
Worldwide Corporation, and the other signatories
thereto.
First Amendment to License, Services, and
Development Agreement for Ritz-Carlton Projects,
dated February 26, 2018, among The Ritz-Carlton
Hotel Company, L.L.C., Marriott Vacations
Worldwide Corporation, and the other signatories
thereto.
Marriott Rewards Affiliation Agreement entered into
on November 17, 2011, among the Company, Marriott
Rewards, L.L.C., Marriott Vacations Worldwide
Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, Marriott
Ownership Resorts, Inc., and the other signatories
thereto.
First Amendment to the Marriott Rewards Affiliation
Agreement, dated February 26, 2018, among the
Company, Marriott Rewards, LLC, Marriott Vacations
Worldwide Corporation, and Marriott Ownership
Resorts, Inc.
Non-Competition Agreement entered into on
November 17, 2011, with Marriott Vacations
Worldwide Corporation.
Termination of Noncompetition Agreement, dated
February 26, 2018, between the Company and
MVWC.
Noncompetition Agreement, dated as of May 11,
2016, between Starwood and Vistana Signature
Experiences, Inc.
92
Incorporation by Reference (where a report is indicated below,
that document has been previously filed with the SEC and the
applicable exhibit is incorporated by reference thereto)
Exhibit No. 10 to our Form 8-K filed June 13, 2016
(File No. 001-13881).
Filed with this report.
Exhibit No. 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed November 21,
2011 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed February 27,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.2 to our Form 10-Q filed November 6,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed November 21,
2011 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed February 27,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.5 to our Form 8-K filed November 21,
2011 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.3 to our Form 8-K filed February 27,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.6 to our Form 8-K filed November 21,
2011 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.4 to our Form 8-K filed February 27,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.2 to Starwood’s Form 8-K filed May 12,
2016 (File No. 001-07959).
Exhibit No.
Description
Termination of Noncompetition Agreement, effective
as of September 1, 2018, between Starwood Hotels &
Resorts Worldwide, LLC and Vistana Signature
Experiences, Inc.
Incorporation by Reference (where a report is indicated below,
that document has been previously filed with the SEC and the
applicable exhibit is incorporated by reference thereto)
Exhibit No. 10.1 to our Form 10-Q filed November 6,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
10.6.2
*10.7.1
*10.7.2
*10.7.3
*10.7.4
*10.7.5
*10.8.1
*10.8.2
*10.8.3
*10.8.4
*10.8.5
*10.8.6
*10.8.7
*10.8.8
*10.8.9
*10.9.1
*10.9.2
Marriott International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive
Plan, as Amended Through February 13, 2014.
Exhibit A to our Definitive Proxy Statement filed
April 4, 2014 (File No. 001-13881).
Amendment dated August 7, 2014 to the Marriott
International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive Plan.
Exhibit No. 10 to our Form 10-Q filed October 29,
2014 (File No. 001-13881).
Amendment dated September 23, 2016 to the Marriott
International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive Plan.
Exhibit 10.8.2 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Amendment dated May 5, 2017 to the Marriott
International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive Plan.
Exhibit 10.8.3 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Amendment dated February 15, 2019 to the Marriott
International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive Plan.
Filed with this report.
Marriott International, Inc. Executive Deferred
Compensation Plan, Amended and Restated as of
January 1, 2009.
Amendment to the Marriott International, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
January 1, 2010.
Amendment to the Marriott International, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
April 1, 2010.
Amendment to the Marriott International, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
October 25, 2011.
Amendment to the Marriott International, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
November 19, 2011.
Amendment to the Marriott International, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
January 1, 2013.
Amendment to the Marriott International, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
September 23, 2016 (409A).
Amendment to the Marriott International, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
September 23, 2016 (Starwood deferral elections).
Amendment to the Marriott International, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
January 1, 2019.
Form of Employee Non-Qualified Stock Option
Agreement for the Marriott International, Inc. Stock
and Cash Incentive Plan.
Form of Senior Executive Supplemental Non-
Qualified Stock Option Agreement for the Marriott
International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive Plan.
Exhibit No. 99 to our Form 8-K filed August 6, 2009
(File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.9.1 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.9.2 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.9.3 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.9.4 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.9.5 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.9.6 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.9.7 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Filed with this report.
Exhibit 10.10 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.10.1 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
*10.10.1
Form of Executive Restricted Stock Unit/MI Shares
Agreement for the Marriott International, Inc. Stock
and Cash Incentive Plan (pre-February 2018).
Exhibit 10.11 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
93
Exhibit No.
*10.10.2
Description
Form of Retention Executive Restricted Stock Unit
Agreement for the Marriott International, Inc. Stock
and Cash Incentive Plan (pre-February 2018).
Form of Executive Restricted Stock Unit/MI Shares
Agreement for the Marriott International, Inc. Stock
and Cash Incentive Plan (February 2018).
Form of Retention Executive Restricted Stock Unit
Agreement for the Marriott International, Inc. Stock
and Cash Incentive Plan (February 2018).
Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement for the
Marriott International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive
Plan (pre-February 2018).
Form of Senior Executive Supplemental Stock
Appreciation Right Agreement for the Marriott
International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive Plan.
Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement for the
Marriott International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive
Plan (For Non-Employee Directors).
Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement for the
Marriott International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive
Plan (February 2018).
Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement
for the Marriott International, Inc. Stock and Cash
Incentive Plan (pre-February 2018).
Form of Business Integration Performance Share Unit
Award Agreement for the Marriott International Inc.
Stock and Cash Incentive Plan.
Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement
for the Marriott International, Inc. Stock and Cash
Incentive Plan (February 2018).
*10.10.3
*10.10.4
*10.11.1
*10.11.2
*10.11.3
*10.11.4
*10.12.1
*10.12.2
*10.12.3
*10.13
*10.14
Incorporation by Reference (where a report is indicated below,
that document has been previously filed with the SEC and the
applicable exhibit is incorporated by reference thereto)
Exhibit 10.11.1 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.6.1 to our Form 10-Q filed May 10, 2018
(File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.6.2 to our Form 10-Q filed May 10, 2018
(File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.12 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.12.1 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.12.2 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.7 to our Form 10-Q filed May 10, 2018
(File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.13 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.13.1 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.8 to our Form 10-Q filed May 10, 2018
(File No. 001-13881).
Summary of Marriott International, Inc. Director
Compensation.
Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2018
(File No. 001-13881).
Marriott International, Inc. Executive Officer Annual
Cash Incentive Program.
Exhibit 10.9 to our Form 10-Q filed May 10, 2018
(File No. 001-13881).
*10.15.1
Starwood 1999 Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Plan.
Exhibit 10.4 to Starwood’s Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended June 30, 1999 (File No.
001-07959).
*10.15.2
First Amendment to the Starwood 1999 Long-Term
Incentive Compensation Plan, dated as of August 1,
2001.
Exhibit 10.1 to Starwood’s Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended September 30, 2001 (File No.
001-07959).
*10.15.3
Second Amendment to the Starwood 1999 Long-Term
Incentive Compensation Plan.
*10.16.1
Starwood 2002 Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Plan.
*10.16.2
First Amendment to the Starwood 2002 Long-Term
Incentive Compensation Plan.
Exhibit 10.2 to Starwood’s Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended March 31, 2003 (File No.
001-07959).
Annex B of Starwood’s 2002 Notice of Annual
Meeting and Proxy Statement filed April 12, 2002
(File No. 001-07959).
Exhibit 10.1 to Starwood’s Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended March 31, 2003 (File No.
001-07959).
*10.17.1
Starwood 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Plan, amended and restated as of December 31, 2008.
Exhibit 10.3 to Starwood’s Form 8-K filed January 6,
2009 (File No. 001-07959).
94
Exhibit No.
*10.17.2
Description
First Amendment to the Starwood 2004 Long-Term
Incentive Compensation Plan.
Incorporation by Reference (where a report is indicated below,
that document has been previously filed with the SEC and the
applicable exhibit is incorporated by reference thereto)
Exhibit 10.1 to Starwood’s Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended June 30, 2013 (File No.
001-07959).
*10.18.1
*10.18.2
*10.19
*10.20
*10.21
†10.22
10.23
21
23
31.1
31.2
32
Starwood 2013 Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Plan.
Exhibit 4.4 to Starwood’s Form S-8 filed June 28,
2013 (File No. 333-189674).
Amendment dated May 5, 2017 to the Starwood 2013
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan.
Exhibit 10.19.1 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Amendment dated June 29, 2016 to the Starwood
2013 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, the
Starwood 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Plan, the Starwood 2002 Long-Term Incentive
Compensation Plan, and the Starwood 1999 Long-
Term Incentive Compensation Plan.
Amendment dated September 23, 2016 to the
Starwood 2013 Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Plan, the Starwood 2004 Long-Term Incentive
Compensation Plan, the Starwood 2002 Long-Term
Incentive Compensation Plan, and the Starwood 1999
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan.
Amendment dated November 10, 2016 to the Marriott
International, Inc. Stock and Cash Incentive Plan, the
Starwood 2013 Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Plan, the Starwood 2004 Long-Term Incentive
Compensation Plan, the Starwood 2002 Long-Term
Incentive Compensation Plan, and the Starwood 1999
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan.
Amended and Restated Side Letter Agreement -
Program Affiliation, dated February 26, 2018, among
the Company, Marriott Vacations Worldwide, and
certain of their subsidiaries.
Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement, effective as of
September 20, 2018, between Marriott International
Administrative Services, Inc. and J. Willard Marriott
Jr.
Exhibit 10.20 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.21 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit 10.22 to our Form 10-K filed February 15,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.5 to our Form 8-K filed February 27,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Exhibit No. 10.3 to our Form 10-Q filed November 6,
2018 (File No. 001-13881).
Subsidiaries of Marriott International, Inc.
Filed with this report.
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a).
Filed with this report.
Filed with this report.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a).
Filed with this report.
Section 1350 Certifications.
Furnished with this report.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document.
Submitted electronically with this report.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
Submitted electronically with this report.
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
Submitted electronically with this report.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
Submitted electronically with this report.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
Submitted electronically with this report.
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.
Submitted electronically with this report.
* Denotes management contract or compensatory plan.
95
†
Portions of this exhibit were redacted pursuant to a confidential treatment request filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Exchange Act. The redacted portions of this exhibit have been filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We have submitted electronically the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting
Language) as Exhibit 101 to this report: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year-ended December 31, 2018,
December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016; (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018, and December 31,
2017; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year-ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017, and
December 31, 2016; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the year-ended December 31, 2018,
December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the year-ended
December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary.
None.
96
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, we have duly caused this Form 10-K to be
signed on our behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 1st day of March 2019.
SIGNATURES
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
By:
/s/Arne M. Sorenson
Arne M. Sorenson
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, this Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons on our
behalf in the capacities indicated and on the date indicated above.
PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER:
/s/Arne M. Sorenson
Arne M. Sorenson
PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER:
/s/Kathleen K. Oberg
Kathleen K. Oberg
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER:
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
/s/Bao Giang Val Bauduin
Bao Giang Val Bauduin
Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
DIRECTORS:
J.W. Marriott, Jr., Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board
Lawrence W. Kellner, Director
/s/J.W. Marriott, Jr.
/s/Lawrence W. Kellner
/s/Mary K. Bush
Mary K. Bush, Director
/s/Bruce W. Duncan
Bruce W. Duncan, Director
/s/Deborah Marriott Harrison
Deborah Marriott Harrison, Director
/s/Frederick A. Henderson
Frederick A. Henderson, Director
/s/Eric Hippeau
Eric Hippeau, Director
/s/Debra L. Lee
Debra L. Lee, Director
/s/Aylwin B. Lewis
Aylwin B. Lewis, Director
/s/George Muñoz
George Muñoz, Director
/s/Steven S Reinemund
Steven S Reinemund, Director
/s/Susan C. Schwab
Susan C. Schwab, Director
97
SHAREHOLDER RETURN PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graph compares the performance of our Class A Common Stock from December 31, 2013 to the end of
fiscal year 2018 with the performance of the Standard & Poor’s Corporation Composite 500 Index and the Standard & Poor’s
Hotels, Resorts & Cruise Lines Index. The graph assumes an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2013, and
reinvestment of dividends.
Marriott International, Inc.
S&P 500 Hotels, Resorts & Cruise Lines Index(1)
S&P 500 Index
12/31/13
12/31/14
12/31/15
12/31/16
12/31/17
12/31/18
$
100.00 $
160.04 $
139.21 $
174.54 $
290.12 $
234.88
100.00
100.00
124.06
113.68
128.85
115.24
138.54
129.02
206.55
157.17
169.24
150.27
(1)
At the end of fiscal year 2018, the S&P 500 Hotels, Resorts & Cruise Lines Index consisted of Marriott International, Inc., Carnival Corporation,
Royal Caribbean Cruises Limited (beginning in 2014), Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. (beginning in 2017), and Norwegian Cruise Line
Holdings Limited (beginning in 2017). Wyndham Worldwide Corporation was removed from the index in 2018, and Starwood Hotels & Resorts
Worldwide Inc. was removed from the index in 2016.
98
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
In this annual report, we report certain financial measures that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, United
States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Although management evaluates and presents these non-GAAP
measures for the reasons described below, please be aware that these non-GAAP measures have limitations and should not be
considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating income, net income, earnings per share or any other comparable operating
measure prescribed by GAAP. In addition, we may calculate and/or present these non-GAAP financial measures differently than
measures with the same or similar names that other companies report, and as a result, the non-GAAP measures we report may not
be comparable to those reported by others.
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS. Adjusted net income and Adjusted diluted EPS reflect our net income
and diluted earnings per share excluding the impact of cost reimbursement revenue, reimbursed expenses, merger-related costs,
charges, and other merger-related adjustments due to purchase accounting, the gain on the sale of our ownership interest in
Avendra, and the income tax effect of these adjustments, as well as the impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. We
calculate the income tax effect of the adjustments using an estimated tax rate applicable to each adjustment. We believe that these
measures are meaningful indicators of our performance because they allow for period-over-period comparisons of our ongoing
operations before these items and for the reasons further described below.
We exclude cost reimbursement revenue and reimbursed expenses, which relate to property-level and centralized programs
and services that we operate for the benefit of our hotel owners. We do not operate these programs and services to generate a profit
over the contract term, and accordingly, when we recover the costs that we incur for these programs and services from our hotel
owners, we do not seek a mark-up. For property-level services, our owners typically reimburse us at the same time that we incur
expenses. However, for centralized programs and services, our owners may reimburse us before or after we incur expenses,
causing temporary timing differences between the costs we incur and the related reimbursement from hotel owners in our operating
and net income. Over the long term, these programs and services are not designed to impact our economics, either positively or
negatively. Because we do not retain any such profits or losses over time, we exclude the net impact when evaluating period-over-
period changes in our operating results.
The following table presents our reconciliations of Adjusted net income and Adjusted diluted EPS to the most directly
comparable GAAP measure.
($ in millions)
Net income, as reported
Less: Cost reimbursement revenue
Add: Reimbursed expenses
Add: Merger-related costs, charges, and other (1)
Less: Gain on sale of Avendra
Income tax effect of above adjustments
Add: U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
Adjusted net income
Diluted EPS, as reported
Adjusted Diluted EPS
Full Year
2018
Full Year
2017
$
1,907
$
1,459
(15,543)
15,778
(15,455)
15,228
155
(6)
(117)
27
2,201
5.38
6.21
$
$
$
155
(659)
309
563
1,600
3.84
4.21
$
$
$
Percent
Better/
(Worse)
38%
48%
(1) Merger-related costs, charges, and other includes Starwood merger costs presented in the “Merger-related costs and charges” caption of our Income Statement
and net purchase accounting revisions.
99
Directors and Officers*
Directors
J.W. Marriott Jr. 1
Executive Chairman and
Chairman of The Board
Marriott International, Inc.
Mary K. Bush 2,3
President
Bush International, LLC
Bruce W. Duncan 2
Chairman of The Board
First Industrial Realty Trust, Inc.
Deborah Marriott Harrison 5
Global Officer, Culture and Business Councils
Marriott International, Inc.
Frederick A. Henderson 2,4
Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
SunCoke Energy, Inc.
Eric Hippeau 3
Partner
Lerer Hippeau
Lawrence W. Kellner 1,4
President
Emerald Creek Group, LLC
Debra L. Lee 4,5
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
BET Networks
Aylwin B. Lewis 2,3
Former President and Chief Executive Officer
Potbelly Sandwich Works, LLC
Margaret M. McCarthy 2
Executive Vice President
CVS Healthcare Corp.
George Muñoz 2,5
Principal
Muñoz Investment Banking Group, LLC
Steven S Reinemund 1,3,4
Retired Chairman and CEO
PepsiCo, Inc.
Susan C. Schwab 3
Professor
University of Maryland
Arne M. Sorenson 1,5
President and Chief Executive Officer
Marriott International, Inc.
Directors Emeriti
Sterling D. Colton
William J. Shaw
LEGEND
* All information as of March 19, 2019.
1 Executive Committee
2 Audit Committee
3 Compensation Policy Committee
4 Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
5 Committee for Excellence
† Executive officer as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Executive Officers
J.W. Marriott Jr. 1,†
Executive Chairman and
Chairman of The Board
Arne M. Sorenson 1,5,†
President and Chief Executive Officer
Bao Giang Val Bauduin †
Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
William P. Brown †
President and Managing Director
Europe
Anthony G. Capuano 5,†
Executive Vice President and
Global Chief Development Officer
Bancroft S. Gordon
Vice President, Assistant General Counsel and
Corporate Secretary
David J. Grissen 5,†
Group President
Carolyn B. Handlon
Executive Vice President–Finance and
Global Treasurer
Deborah Marriott Harrison 5
Global Officer, Culture and Business Councils
Alex Kyriakidis †
President and Managing Director
Middle East and Africa
Stephanie C. Linnartz 5,†
Executive Vice President and
Global Chief Commercial Officer
Kathleen K. Oberg †
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
Laura E. Paugh
Senior Vice President
Investor Relations
Tricia A. Primrose 5
Executive Vice President and
Global Chief Communications and Public Affairs Officer
David A. Rodriguez 5,†
Executive Vice President and
Global Chief Human Resources Officer
Rena H. Reiss †
Executive Vice President and
General Counsel
Craig S. Smith †
President and Managing Director
Asia Pacific
Corporate Information
Corporate Headquarters
Marriott International, Inc.
10400 Fernwood Road
Bethesda, MD 20817
1-301-380-3000
Internet: Marriott.com
Common Stock Listings
The Company’s Class A Common Stock (ticker symbol:
MAR) is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market
(“NASDAQ”) and the Chicago Stock Exchange.
Shareholders of Record
At March 15, 2019, there were 336,694,144 shares of Class
A Common Stock outstanding held by 36,339 shareholders
of record.
Investor Relations
For information, call: 1-301-380-6500
Internet: https://marriott.gcs-web.com/
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP
Tysons, VA
Annual Meeting of Stockholders
May 10, 2019 — 11:00 a.m.
JW Marriott Washington, DC
1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20004
Registrar and Transfer Agent
Shareholder inquiries regarding stock transfers, dividend
payments, address changes, enrollment in the company’s
direct investment plan, lost stock certificates, or other
stock account matters should be directed to:
Computershare Shareowner Services
P.O. Box 43078
Providence, RI 02940-3078
1-800-311-4816 (U.S. and Canada)
1-201-680-6693 (International)
www.computershare.com/investor
Common Stock Prices and Dividends(1)
Stock Price
High
Low
2017
First Quarter .......................... $ 95.42
Second Quarter .................... 110.51
Third Quarter ........................ 1 1 1.32
Fourth Quarter ...................... 137.60
2018
First Quarter .......................... $149.21
Second Quarter .................... 142.19
Third Quarter ........................ 134.12
Fourth Quarter ...................... 132.86
$ 81.04
90.00
96.90
108.3 1
$131.00
124.22
119.32
100.62
Cash
Dividends
Declared
Per
Share
$0.3000
0.3300
0.3300
0.3300
$0.3300
0.4100
0.4100
0.4100
(1) The range of prices of our common stock and cash dividends declared
per share for each quarterly period within the last two years are shown
in the table above.
Telephone Numbers
For reservations or information, call:
AC Hotels by Marriott ................................... 1-800-404-4806
Aloft ................................................................. 1-877-462-5638
Autograph Collection ......................................1-877-829-2429
BULGARI Hotels & Resorts .............................1-800-6BULGARI
Courtyard ..........................................................1-800-321-2211
Delta Hotels & Resorts .................................... 1-888-890-3222
Design Hotels..................................................1-800-337-4685
EDITION .......................................................... 1-800-466-9695
Element ........................................................... 1-877-353-6368
Fairfield Inn & Suites ...................................... 1-800-228-2800
Four Points ......................................................1-800-368-7764
Gaylord Hotels ................................................1-800-429-5673
Grand Residences by Marriott .......................1-888-220-2058
JW Marriott ..................................................... 1-800-228-9290
Le Méridien ....................................................1-800-543-4300
The Luxury Collection ................................... 1-800-325-3589
Marriott Executive Apartments ..................... 1-800-800-5744
Marriott Hotels ............................................... 1-800-228-9290
Marriott Vacation Club .................................. 1-866-300-3032
Moxy Hotels ...................................................1-800-644-5008
Protea Hotels .................................................1-800-595-4609
Renaissance Hotels ........................................ 1-800-468-3571
Residence Inn .................................................. 1-800-331-3131
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club ................ 1-800-542-8680
The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C. ........ 1-800-241-3333
Sheraton .........................................................1-800-325-3535
SpringHill Suites .............................................1-888-287-9400
St. Regis ............................................................1-877-787-3447
TownePlace Suites ......................................... 1-800-257-3000
Tribute Portfolio ..............................................1-888-625-4988
W Hotels .......................................................... 1-877-WHOTELS
Westin ............................................................. 1-800-937-8461
Lodging Development Inquiries
Other Information
Anthony Capuano
Executive Vice President and Global
Chief Development Officer ............................. 1-301-380-4137
Laurent De Kousemaeker
Chief Development Officer
Caribbean and Latin America ....................... 1-305-420-4052
Carlton Ervin
Chief Development Officer
Europe .............................................................. 41-44-723-5123
Paul Foskey
Chief Development Officer
Asia .................................................................... 852-2192-6278
Tim Grisius
Global Real Estate Officer .............................. 1-301-380-6254
Jerome Briet
Chief Development Officer
Middle East and Africa ................................... 971-4-440-7756
Richard Hoffman
Executive Vice President
Mergers, Acquisitions and
Business Development ................................... 1-301-380-2434
Eric Jacobs
Chief Development Officer
Select-Service and Extended-Stay Brands .... 1-301-380-3488
Kevin Montano
Senior Vice President
EDITION & W Development ............................ 1-301-380-7588
Noah Silverman
Chief Development Officer
North America Full-Service Hotels..................1-301-380-2372
Internet
MarriottDevelopment.com
Any shareholder who would like a copy of the company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2018
may obtain one, without charge, by addressing a
request to the Secretary, Marriott International, Inc.,
Department 52/862, 10400 Fernwood Road, Bethesda,
Maryland, 20817. The company’s copying costs will
be charged if copies of exhibits to the Annual Report
on Form 10-K are requested. You may also obtain
a copy of the Annual Report for fiscal year 2018,
including exhibits, from the company’s website at
https://marriott.gcs-web.com/ by clicking on “SEC Filings.”
Internet Users
We invite you to learn more about Marriott’s business and
growth opportunities at https://marriott.gcs-web.com/.
Our investor site includes an electronic version of this
report, investor presentations, earnings conference
calls, press releases, SEC filings, company history,
and information about the company’s governance and
Board of Directors. You may also enroll in our dividend
reinvestment plan.
Shareholders may also elect to receive notices of
shareholder meetings, proxy materials and annual
reports electronically through the Internet. If your
shares are registered in your own name, and not in
“street name” through a broker or other nominee,
simply log in to the Internet site maintained by
our transfer agent, Computershare Shareowner
Services (formerly BNY Mellon Shareowner
Services), at www.envisionreports.com/MAR and
the step-by-step instructions will prompt you
through enrollment.
2018 Awards and Recognition
The 50 Best Workplaces for Parents
Great Place to Work® and ForTUnE®
Top 50 Companies for Diversity
DiversityInc
Best Places to Work for Veterans
Indeed
2018 Fortune 500
ForTUnE®
Best Companies for Latinas to Work for in the U.S.
LATINA Style
World’s Most Admired Companies
ForTUnE®
2018 Leading Disability Employers
National Organization on Disability
100 Best Companies to Work For
ForTUnE®
World’s Most Reputable Companies for Corporate
Responsibility 2018
The Reputation Institute
2018 Workplace Excellence Seal of Approval
Alliance for Workplace Excellence
100 Best Workplaces for Women
ForTUnE®
Aon Global Best Employer Award for 2018
Aon Hewitt
2018 World’s Most Ethical Companies
The EthisphereTM Institute
Great Place to Work®
Corporate Equality Index
2018 Health & Wellness Seal of Approval
Alliance for Workplace Excellence
2018 Diversity Champion Award
Alliance for Workplace Excellence
2018 Certificate of Recognition:
Best Practices Supporting Workers of All Abilities
Alliance for Workplace Excellence
2018 Certificate of Recognition:
Best Practices Supporting Workers 50+
Alliance for Workplace Excellence
Marriott International, Inc.
10400 Fernwood Road
Bethesda, Maryland 20817
Marriott.com
Tour our interactive Annual Report at https://marriott.gcs-web.com/