Mercantile Bank
Annual Report 2012

Plain-text annual report

Ready to Lead 2012 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 marked the 15-year anniversary of our company and was filled with successes and key milestones. We are proud of the results we’ve achieved throughout the journey, beginning with rapid growth, and more recently, the bank’s remarkable recovery from the challenging economic downturn of the past few years. We feel confident that the successful execution of our strategic initiatives during this period has positioned us as a stronger and more efficient organization. Looking forward, we believe Mercantile has emerged from the financial crisis as an organization that is Ready to Lead. Leading with Performance For the past several years, our goals have been focused on financial recovery. This discipline did not waiver in 2012, which allowed us to decrease nonperforming assets, expand our net interest margin, and maintain our strong regulatory capital ratios, while also increasing our pre-tax profit. As the financial strength of the bank increased, we began emphasizing a return to growth, which was evidenced by increased loan totals in the fourth quarter of 2012. On the earnings front, we continued our positive momentum by posting another four quarters of solid profitability. While we realized net income of $11.5 million for the full year of 2012, compared to net income of $36.1 million in 2011, it is important to note that 2011 net income was positively impacted by the reversal of a previously-established net deferred tax asset valuation allowance, resulting in a federal income tax benefit of $27.4 million. On a pre-tax basis, we recorded income of $18.2 million for the full year of 2012, compared to income of $10.1 million in 2011, an increase of 79 percent. We also improved our net interest margin, which grew to 3.67 percent during 2012 from 3.60 percent in 2011. Additionally, our concentration on improving asset quality resulted in a 57 percent decline in nonperforming assets during the year. In fact, since their peak in early 2010, nonperforming assets have declined by an impressive 78 percent and currently represent 1.82 percent of our total assets. We are encouraged by our progress as evidenced not only by the dramatic decline of our nonperforming assets, but also by our decreased loan loss provisions, which were a negative expense of $3.1 million in 2012, compared to an expense of $6.9 million in 2011. In addition, as nonperforming assets have declined, the costs associated with managing them have eased. This provides an additional cause for optimism as we move forward. improved financial Because of our condition, we were able to accomplish several key milestones this past year. In the second quarter, we were one of the first community banks to exit entirely from the TARP program with the full repurchase of $21 million of preferred stock issued to the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”). In the third quarter, we also repurchased our outstanding common stock warrant from the Treasury. We are particularly pleased that the repurchases of both the preferred stock and the warrant were completed using internally-generated funds and thus avoided potential common shareholder dilution. Of significant importance, we accomplished all of this while continuing to maintain our strong regulatory capital MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION 2012 ANNUAL REPORT PERFORMANCE N O T I I S O P M O C G N I D N U F s d n a s u o h t n i s r a l l o d $1,600,000 $1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,000,000 $800,000 $600,000 $400,000 $200,000 $0 E M O C N I X A T - E R P s d n a s u o h t n i s r a l l o d $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 0 ($20,000) ($35,000) ($50,000) 4Q08 4Q09 4Q10 4Q11 4Q12 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Local Funds Total Wholesale Funds RETURN N I G R A M T S E R E T N I T E N 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% STRENGTH I S O T A R L A T I P A C Y R O T A L U G E R 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% S T E S S A N O N R U T E R 3% 2% 1% 0 -1% -2% -3% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Yield on Earning Assets Cost of Funds Net Interest Margin S T E S S A I G N M R O F R E P N O N s d n a s u o h t n i s r a l l o d $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION 2012 ANNUAL REPORT 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Tier 1 Leverage Capital Ratio Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio position. As of December 31, 2012, our bank had a total risk-based capital ratio of 14.7 percent and had approximately $55.5 million in excess of the 10 percent minimum regulatory threshold required to be considered a “well-capitalized” institution. The investment community took note of our successes and our increasing share price, which was the catalyst for our addition to the Russell 2000® Index during the second quarter. This was an important achievement for us as the Russell indexes are widely used by investment managers and institutional investors for both broad-based index funds and as benchmarks for passive and active investment strategies. In fact, 99 percent of all U.S. small- capitalization institutional assets are benchmarked to the Russell indexes. formation the bank’s Since in December 1997, we have made protecting our shareholders a high priority. With that rewarding and in mind, and recognizing the substantial improvement in our financial condition, our Board of Directors reinstated a cash dividend at $0.09 per common share during the fourth quarter of 2012. This was the first dividend paid since the first quarter of 2010. Additionally, on January 10, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable March 8, 2013. The $0.10 cash dividend represents an increase of 11 percent from the $0.09 cash dividend paid to common shareholders during the fourth quarter of 2012. We believe that these dividend payments provide another indicator of our return to financial strength. Our results reflect our aggressive stance toward rightsizing our operations and asset base to maximize our operating performance and increase profitability. We have invested a great deal of effort to move troubled assets off our balance sheet, while successfully acquiring new clients using our proven relationship- based approach. Our enhanced liquidity l l a n o s r e P y g o o n h c e T g n k a M i MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION 2012 ANNUAL REPORT position continues to be supported by our ability to grow local deposits. For the year, local deposit and sweep accounts increased by $76 million to a level of $930 million. Notably, this is up approximately $365 million from 2008, the beginning of the Great Recession and the point in time when we began our concerted efforts to reduce our reliance on wholesale funding. We also saw growth in loan originations. During 2012, we generated approximately $176 million in new loans – a significant increase over the past four years. Leading with Products and Technology When we started the bank 15 years ago, we adopted a strategy that emphasized a commitment to technology. Over the years, we have both internally top developed and partnered with vendors to offer a host of superior products and services for both our business and retail customers. Our longstanding commitment to make available the most advanced banking technology continued in 2012 as we technological leading invested advances in mobile banking, remote deposit capture, and personal payments via mobile devices. in Throughout the last couple of years, we also increased our marketing initiatives to raise the visibility and awareness of these superior products and advanced technology. We strongly feel that these initiatives have played an important in the growth of our market role share and addition of new customer relationships. We are a community bank first and foremost, but we believe local relationships and knowledge must be augmented with best-in-class products and technology to maintain our leadership position. Leading with People As always, our most important partners are our customers, and 2012 was a year of growth for the bank both in commercial and retail customers. We are very pleased that we have been able to retain and grow with our established customer base, while adding new relationships as the economic recovery of our region gains momentum. 2012 has left us in a strong position for the future, and we will keep looking for innovative ways to help our customers reach their financial goals. we relationship-based rely on sustain Of course, better products and talented technology still customer to employees relationships. While have accomplished much in terms of our financial recovery, we are equally proud of retaining our quality employees who support our customers and execute our approach. The depth and strength of our team is impressive. Also worth noting is our success in keeping our executive management team intact throughout this journey. They have always been ready to lead. They oversaw our early days of planning and the years of rapid growth, navigated us through the financial crisis, and played a major role in the rebuilding of our organization to its strengthened state today. This team has lofty goals. In order to accomplish them, we will continue to invest in our employees and provide them with the resources needed to promote success. We are proud of the work the Mercantile team has produced towards rebuilding and strengthening our franchise, and we are also proud of the time our employees spent volunteering to support our communities. Our employees volunteered more than 13,000 hours in community service during 2012, which is approximately 55 volunteer hours per employee. In addition, Mercantile employees serve on the boards of 86 different community and non-profit organizations, volunteering their time, energy and expertise across all our markets. We feel we have assembled an extraordinary team to lead us on our continued path of disciplined growth. We would also like to recognize two gentlemen who have played a key role in our success. Mr. Donald Williams, Sr., who had been on our Board of Directors since 1998, shortly after our beginning, retired in April 2012. We wish to thank Don for his many contributions to the success of our organization over the years. Also, it is with great sadness we note the passing of our legal counsel and long-time friend, Mr. Jerome Schwartz. Jerry was a key contributor during our formation and played a significant role in advising and guiding us during these past 15 years. Mercantile is Ready to Lead There is a strong sense that 2012 marked an important turning point for our organization. We believe the challenges of the past several years are substantially behind us, and we have successfully transitioned into a stronger bank with plans for growth. Looking forward to 2013, we are encouraged by the range of opportunities in front of us. The ongoing recovery in the Michigan economy is marked by gains in manufacturing and GDP, growth in employment and personal income, and modest improvement in the housing market. Our strong capital position creates excellent opportunities for us to participate in these trends as they play out in 2013 – and to be a catalyst to spur them on. In particular, we have the flexibility and foundation needed to take advantage of potential economic and market opportunities in our service areas. We believe we can, and will, be a leading lender in a strengthening recovery – ultimately increasing shareholder returns. We have accomplished much in our first 15 years and although our team is justifiably proud of those achievements, we look forward to more and loftier milestones in the next 15 years. We believe Mercantile is truly Ready to Lead. Michael H. Price Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION 2012 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 Directors and Executive Officers 2012 Executive Officers Seated (L-R) Edward J. Clark, Doyle A. Hayes, Michael D. Faas, Kirk J. Agerson, Susan K. Jones Standing (L–R) John F. Donnelly, Timothy O. Schad, David M. Cassard, Michael H. Price, Calvin D. Murdock, Robert B. Kaminski Jr., Lawrence W. Larsen Michael H. Price (Center) Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Robert B. Kaminski, Jr. (Right) Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Secretary Charles E. Christmas (Left) Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION 2012 ANNUAL REPORT UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 _____________ FORM 10-K [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 or [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________________ to ____________________________ Commission file number 000-26719 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Michigan (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 38-3360865 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 310 Leonard Street NW, Grand Rapids, Michigan (Address of principal executive offices) 49504 (Zip Code) (616) 406-3000 (Registrant’’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock Name of each exchange on which registered The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No X Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No X Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No __ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes X No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ X ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Large accelerated filer ___ Non-accelerated filer ___ Accelerated filer X Smaller reporting company Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No X The aggregate value of the common equity held by non-affiliates (persons other than directors and executive officers) of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price of the common stock as of the last business day of the registrant’’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $155.2 million. As of February 1, 2013, there were issued and outstanding 8,705,251 shares of the registrant’’s common stock. Portions of the proxy statement for the 2013 annual meeting of shareholders (Portions of Part III). DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE PART I Item 1. Business. The Company Mercantile Bank Corporation is a registered bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the ““Bank Holding Company Act””). Unless the text clearly suggests otherwise, references to ““us,”” ““we,”” ““our,”” or ““the company”” include Mercantile Bank Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. As a bank holding company, we are subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the ““Federal Reserve Board””). We were organized on July 15, 1997, under the laws of the State of Michigan, primarily for the purpose of holding all of the stock of Mercantile Bank of Michigan (““our bank””), and of such other subsidiaries as we may acquire or establish. Our bank commenced business on December 15, 1997. Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company initiated business in October 2000 as a subsidiary of our bank, and was reorganized as Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company, LLC (““our mortgage company””), on January 1, 2004. Effective January 1, 2013, we dissolved our mortgage company and transferred all of the assets to our bank to streamline the administration of our mortgage business. A cash amount commensurate with its 1% ownership interest was distributed to the insurance company. For additional details regarding the dissolution of the mortgage company, see ““Our Mortgage Company”” below. Mercantile Insurance Center, Inc. (““our insurance company””), a subsidiary of our bank, commenced operations during 2002 to offer insurance products. Mercantile Bank Real Estate Co., L.L.C., (““our real estate company””), a subsidiary of our bank, was organized on July 21, 2003, principally to develop, construct and own our facility in downtown Grand Rapids which serves as our bank’’s main office and Mercantile Bank Corporation’’s headquarters. Mercantile Bank Capital Trust I (““our trust””), a business trust subsidiary, was formed in September 2004 to issue trust preferred securities. To date we have raised capital from our initial public offering of common stock in October 1997, a public offering of common stock in July 1998, three private placements of common stock during 2001, a public offering of common stock in August 2001 and a public offering of common stock in September 2003. In addition, we raised capital through a public offering of $16.0 million of trust preferred securities in 1999, which was refinanced as part of a $32.0 million private placement of trust preferred securities in 2004. In May 2009, we raised $21.0 million from the sale of preferred stock and a warrant for common stock to the United States Treasury Department under the Capital Purchase Program. We exited the Capital Purchase Program during 2012 by repurchasing the preferred stock for $21.0 million and the warrant for approximately $7.5 million. Our expenses have generally been paid using the proceeds of the capital sales and dividends from our bank. Our principal source of future operating funds is expected to be dividends from our bank. We filed an election to become a financial holding company, which election became effective March 23, 2000. Effective June 1, 2009, we withdrew our election to be a financial holding company. Our Bank Our bank is a state banking company that operates under the laws of the State of Michigan, pursuant to a charter issued by the Michigan Office of Financial and Insurance Regulation. Our bank’’s deposits are insured to the maximum extent permitted by law by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (““FDIC””). Our bank, through its seven offices, provides commercial banking services primarily to small- to medium-sized businesses and retail banking services in and around the Grand Rapids, Holland and Lansing areas. These offices consist of a main office located at 310 Leonard Street NW, Grand Rapids, Michigan, a combination branch and retail loan center located at 4613 Alpine Avenue NW, Comstock Park, Michigan, a combination branch and operations center located at 5610 Byron Center Avenue SW, Wyoming, Michigan, and branches located at 4860 Broadmoor Avenue SE, Kentwood, Michigan, 3156 Knapp Street NE, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 880 East 16th Street, Holland, Michigan, and 3737 Coolidge Road, East Lansing, Michigan. 2. Our bank makes secured and unsecured commercial, construction, mortgage and consumer loans, and accepts checking, savings and time deposits. Our bank owns seven automated teller machines ("ATM"), located at each of our office locations, that participate in the ACCEL/EXCHANGE and PLUS regional network systems, as well as other ATM networks throughout the country. Our bank also enables customers to conduct certain loan and deposit transactions by personal computer and through mobile applications. Courier service is provided to certain commercial customers, and safe deposit facilities are available at each of our office locations. Our bank does not have trust powers. Our Mortgage Company Our mortgage company’’s predecessor, Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company, commenced operations on October 24, 2000, when our bank contributed most of its residential mortgage loan portfolio and participation interests in certain commercial mortgage loans to Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company. On the same date, our bank also transferred its residential mortgage origination function to Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company. On January 1, 2004, Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company was reorganized as Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company, LLC, a limited liability company, which was 99% owned by our bank and 1% owned by our insurance company. The reorganization had no impact on the company’’s financial position or results of operations. Mortgage loans originated and held by our mortgage company were serviced by our bank pursuant to a servicing agreement. Effective January 1, 2013, we dissolved the mortgage company to streamline the administration of our mortgage business. A cash amount commensurate with its 1% ownership interest was distributed to the insurance company. The remaining assets of the mortgage company were assigned to our bank. We anticipate the business that was formerly conducted by our mortgage company to be performed by our bank in its ordinary course and do not expect the dissolution to materially impact our financial position or results of operation. Our Insurance Company Our insurance company acquired an existing shelf insurance agency effective April 15, 2002. An Agency and Institution Agreement was entered into among our insurance company, our bank and Hub International for the purpose of providing programs of mass marketed personal lines of insurance. Insurance product offerings include private passenger automobile, homeowners, personal inland marine, boat owners, recreational vehicle, dwelling fire, umbrella policies, small business and life insurance products, all of which are provided by and written through companies that have appointed Hub International as their agent. Our Real Estate Company Our real estate company was organized on July 21, 2003, principally to develop, construct and own our facility in downtown Grand Rapids that serves as our bank’’s main office and Mercantile Bank Corporation’’s headquarters. This facility was placed into service during the second quarter of 2005. Our real estate company is 99% owned by our bank and 1% owned by our insurance company. Our Trust In 2004, we formed our trust, a Delaware business trust. Our trust’’s business and affairs are conducted by its property trustee, a Delaware trust company, and three individual administrative trustees who are employees and officers of the company. Our trust was established for the purpose of issuing and selling its Series A and Series B trust preferred securities and common securities, and used the proceeds from the sales of those securities to acquire Series A and Series B Floating Rate Notes issued by the company. Substantially all of the net proceeds received by the company from the Series A transaction were used to redeem the trust preferred securities that had been issued by MBWM Capital Trust I in September 1999. We established MBWM Capital Trust I in 1999 to issue the trust preferred securities that were redeemed. Substantially all of the net proceeds received by the company from the Series B transaction were contributed to our bank as capital. The Series A and Series B Floating Rate Notes are categorized on our consolidated financial statements as subordinated debentures. Additional information regarding our trust is incorporated by reference to ““Note 17 –– Subordinated Debentures”” and ““Note 18 –– Regulatory Matters”” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. 3. Effect of Government Monetary Policies Our earnings are affected by domestic economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States Government, its agencies, and the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board’’s monetary policies have had, and will likely continue to have, an important impact on the operating results of commercial banks through its power to implement national monetary policy in order to, among other things, curb inflation, maintain employment, and mitigate economic recessions. The policies of the Federal Reserve Board have a major effect upon the levels of bank loans, investments and deposits through its open market operations in United States Government securities, and through its regulation of, among other things, the discount rate on borrowings of member banks and the reserve requirements against member bank deposits. Our bank maintains reserves directly with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago to the extent required by law. It is not possible to predict the nature and impact of future changes in monetary and fiscal policies. Regulation and Supervision As a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act, we are required to file an annual report with the Federal Reserve Board and such additional information as the Federal Reserve Board may require. We are also subject to examination by the Federal Reserve Board. The Bank Holding Company Act limits the activities of bank holding companies that are not qualified as financial holding companies to banking and the management of banking organizations, and to certain non- banking activities. These non-banking activities include those activities that the Federal Reserve Board found, by order or regulation as of the day prior to enactment of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident to banking. These non-banking activities include, among other things: operating a mortgage company, finance company, or factoring company; performing certain data processing operations; providing certain investment and financial advice; acting as an insurance agent for certain types of credit-related insurance; leasing property on a full-payout, nonoperating basis; and providing discount securities brokerage services for customers. With the exception of the activities formerly conducted by our mortgage company discussed above, neither we nor any of our subsidiaries engages in any of the non-banking activities listed above. Our bank is subject to restrictions imposed by federal law and regulation. Among other things, these restrictions apply to any extension of credit to us or to our other subsidiaries, to securities borrowing or lending, derivatives, and repurchase transactions with us or our other subsidiaries, to investments in stock or other securities that we issue, to the taking of such stock or securities as collateral for loans to any borrower, and to acquisitions of assets or services from, and sales of certain types of assets to, us or our other subsidiaries. Federal law restricts our ability to borrow from our bank by limiting the aggregate amount we may borrow and by requiring that all loans to us be secured in designated amounts by specified forms of collateral. With respect to the acquisition of banking organizations, we are generally required to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board before we can acquire all or substantially all of the assets of any bank, or acquire ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank or bank holding company, if, after the acquisition, we would own or control more than 5% of the voting shares of the bank or bank holding company. Acquisitions of banking organizations across state lines are subject to restrictions imposed by federal and state laws and regulations. The scope of existing regulation and supervision of various aspects of our business has expanded, and continues to expand, as a result of the adoption in July, 2010 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the ““Dodd-Frank Act””), and of implementing regulations that are being adopted by federal regulators. For additional information on this legislation and its potential impact, refer to the Risk Factor entitled ““The effect of financial services legislation and regulations remains uncertain”” in Item 1A- Risk Factors in this Annual Report. 4. Employees As of December 31, 2012, we employed 204 full-time and 60 part-time persons. Management believes that relations with employees are good. Lending Policy As a routine part of our business, we make loans to businesses and individuals located within our market areas. Our lending policy states that the function of the lending operation is twofold: to provide a means for the investment of funds at a profitable rate of return with an acceptable degree of risk, and to meet the credit needs of the creditworthy businesses and individuals who are our customers. We recognize that in the normal business of lending, some losses on loans will be inevitable and should be considered a part of the normal cost of doing business. Our lending policy anticipates that priorities in extending loans will be modified from time to time as interest rates, market conditions and competitive factors change. The policy sets forth guidelines on a nondiscriminatory basis for lending in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. The policy describes various criteria for granting loans, including the ability to pay; the character of the customer; evidence of financial responsibility; purpose of the loan; knowledge of collateral and its value; terms of repayment; source of repayment; payment history; and economic conditions. The lending policy further limits the amount of funds that may be loaned against specified types of real estate collateral. For certain loans secured by real estate, the policy requires an appraisal of the property offered as collateral by a state certified independent appraiser. The policy also provides general guidelines for loan to value for other types of collateral, such as accounts receivable and machinery and equipment. In addition, the policy provides general guidelines as to environmental analysis, loans to employees, executive officers and directors, problem loan identification, maintenance of an allowance for loan losses, loan review and grading, mortgage and consumer lending, and other matters relating to our lending practices. The Board of Directors has delegated significant lending authority to officers of our bank. The Board of Directors believes this empowerment, supported by our strong credit culture and the significant experience of our commercial lending staff, enables us to be responsive to our customers. The loan policy specifies lending authority for our lending officers with amounts based on the experience level and ability of each lender. Loan officers’’ authorities are generally $1.0 million or less, while loan managers are able to approve loans up to $2.5 million. We have established higher limits for our bank’’s Senior Lender, President, and Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, ranging from $4.0 million up to $10.0 million. These lending authorities, however, are typically used only in rare circumstances where timing is of the essence. Generally, loan requests exceeding $2.5 million require approval by the Officers Loan Committee, and loan requests exceeding $4.0 million, up to the legal lending limit of approximately $38.4 million, require approval by the Board of Directors. In most circumstances, we apply an in-house lending limit that is significantly less than our bank’’s legal lending limit. Provisions of recent legislation, including the Dodd-Frank Act, when fully implemented by regulations to be adopted by federal agencies, may have a significant impact on our lending policy, especially in the areas of single-family residential real estate and other consumer lending. For additional information on this legislation and its potential impact, refer to the Risk Factor entitled ““The effect of financial services legislation and regulations remains uncertain”” in Item 1A- Risk Factors in this Annual Report. Lending Activity Commercial Loans. Our commercial lending group originates commercial loans primarily in our market areas. Our commercial lenders have extensive commercial lending experience, with most having at least ten years’’ experience. Loans are originated for general business purposes, including working capital, accounts receivable financing, machinery and equipment acquisition, and commercial real estate financing, including new construction and land development. 5. Working capital loans are often structured as a line of credit and are reviewed periodically in connection with the borrower’’s year-end financial reporting. These loans are generally secured by substantially all of the assets of the borrower and have a floating interest rate tied to the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate, Wall Street Journal Prime Rate or 30-day Libor Rate. Loans for machinery and equipment purposes typically have a maturity of three to five years and are fully amortizing, while commercial real estate loans are usually written with a five-year maturity and amortize over a 10- to 20-year period. Commercial loans typically have an interest rate that is fixed to maturity or is tied to the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate, Wall Street Journal Prime Rate or 30-day Libor Rate. We evaluate many aspects of a commercial loan transaction in order to minimize credit and interest rate risk. Underwriting includes an assessment of the management, products, markets, cash flow, capital, income and collateral of the borrowing entity. This analysis includes a review of the borrower’’s historical and projected financial results. Appraisals are generally required to be performed by certified independent appraisers where real estate is the primary collateral, and in some cases, where equipment is the primary collateral. In certain situations, for creditworthy customers, we may accept title reports instead of requiring lenders’’ policies of title insurance. Commercial real estate lending involves more risk than residential lending because loan balances are typically greater and repayment is dependent upon the borrower’’s business operations. We attempt to minimize the risks associated with these transactions by generally limiting our commercial real estate lending to owner-operated properties and to owners of non-owner occupied properties who have an established profitable history and satisfactory tenant structure. In many cases, risk is further reduced by requiring personal guarantees, limiting the amount of credit to any one borrower to an amount considerably less than our legal lending limit and avoiding certain types of commercial real estate financings. We have no material foreign loans, and only limited exposure to companies engaged in energy producing and agricultural-related activities. Single-Family Residential Real Estate Loans. We originate single-family residential real estate loans in our market areas, usually according to secondary market underwriting standards. Loans not conforming to those standards are made in limited circumstances. Single-family residential real estate loans provide borrowers with a fixed or adjustable interest rate with terms up to 30 years and are generally sold to certain investors. Our bank has a home equity line of credit program. Home equity credit is generally secured by either a first or second mortgage on the borrower’’s primary residence. The program provides revolving credit at a rate tied to the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate. Consumer Loans. We originate consumer loans for a variety of personal financial needs, including new and used automobiles, boats, credit cards and overdraft protection for our checking account customers. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates and usually involve more credit risk than single-family residential real estate loans because of the type and nature of the collateral. We believe our consumer loans are underwritten carefully, with a strong emphasis on the amount of the down payment, credit quality, employment stability and monthly income of the borrower. These loans are generally repaid on a monthly repayment schedule with the source of repayment tied to the borrower’’s periodic income. In addition, consumer lending collections are dependent on the borrower’’s continuing financial stability, and are thus likely to be adversely affected by job loss, illness and personal bankruptcy. In many cases, repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan will not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of depreciation of the underlying collateral. We believe that the generally higher yields earned on consumer loans compensate for the increased credit risk associated with such loans, and that consumer loans are important to our efforts to serve the credit needs of the communities and customers that we serve. 6. Loan Portfolio Quality We utilize a comprehensive grading system for our commercial loans as well as for our residential mortgage and consumer loans. All commercial loans are graded on a ten grade rating system. The rating system utilizes standardized grade paradigms that analyze several critical factors such as cash flow, operating performance, financial condition, collateral, industry condition and management. All commercial loans are graded at inception and reviewed at various intervals. Residential mortgage and consumer loans are graded on a random sampling basis after the loan has been made using a separate standardized grade paradigm that analyzes several critical factors such as debt-to-income and credit and employment histories. Our independent loan review program is primarily responsible for the administration of the grading system and ensuring adherence to established lending policies and procedures. The loan review program is an integral part of maintaining our strong asset quality culture. The loan review function works closely with senior management, although it functionally reports to the Board of Directors. All commercial loan relationships equal to or exceeding $1.7 million are formally reviewed every twelve months, with a random sampling performed on credits under $1.7 million. Our watch list credits are reviewed monthly by our Board of Directors and our Watch List Committee, the latter of which is comprised of personnel from the administration, lending and loan review functions. Loans are placed in a nonaccrual status when, in our opinion, uncertainty exists as to the ultimate collection of all principal and interest. As of December 31, 2012, loans placed in nonaccrual status totaled $19.0 million, or 1.8% of total loans, compared to $45.1 million, or 4.2% of total loans, at December 31, 2011. We had no loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest at year-end 2012 or 2011. Additional detail and information relative to the loan portfolio is incorporated by reference to Management’’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (““Management’’s Discussion and Analysis””) and Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. Allowance for Loan Losses In each accounting period, we adjust the allowance to the amount we believe is necessary to maintain the allowance at an adequate level. Through the loan review and credit departments, we establish specific portions of the allowance based on specifically identifiable problem loans. The evaluation of the allowance is further based on, but not limited to, consideration of the internally prepared Allowance Analysis, loan loss migration analysis, composition of the loan portfolio, third party analysis of the loan administration processes and portfolio, and general economic conditions. The Allowance Analysis applies reserve allocation factors to non-impaired outstanding loan balances, the result of which is combined with specific reserves to calculate an overall allowance dollar amount. For non-impaired commercial loans, which continue to comprise a vast majority of our total loans, reserve allocation factors are based upon loan ratings as determined by our standardized grade paradigms and by loan purpose. We have divided our commercial loan portfolio into five classes: 1) commercial and industrial loans; 2) vacant land, land development and residential construction loans; 3) owner occupied real estate loans; 4) non-owner occupied real estate loans; and 5) multi-family and residential rental property loans. The reserve allocation factors are primarily based on the historical trends of net loan charge-offs through a migration analysis whereby net loan losses are tracked via assigned grades over various time periods, with adjustments made for environmental factors reflecting the current status of, or recent changes in, items such as: lending policies and procedures; economic conditions; nature and volume of the loan portfolio; experience, ability and depth of management and lending staff; volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and adversely classified loans; effectiveness of the loan review program; value of underlying collateral; lending concentrations; and other external factors, including competition and regulatory environment. Adjustments for specific lending relationships, particularly impaired loans, are made on a case-by-case basis. Non-impaired retail loan reserve allocations are determined in a similar fashion as those for non-impaired commercial loans, except that retail loans are segmented by type of credit and not a grading system. We regularly review the Allowance Analysis and make adjustments periodically based upon identifiable trends and experience. 7. A migration analysis is completed quarterly to assist us in determining appropriate reserve allocation factors for non-impaired commercial loans. Our migration takes into account various time periods, and while historically we have generally placed most weight on the eight-quarter time frame, consideration was given to the other time periods as part of our assessment. Given the stabilization of and decrease in loan losses experienced in recent quarters in comparison to loan losses recorded during the economic downturn of 2007- 2011, we decided to transition from the eight-quarter time frame to a longer twelve-quarter time frame during 2012. Given current economic conditions and the general economic outlook over the near future, we believe the twelve-quarter period now represents a more appropriate range of economic conditions and provides for a more relevant basis in determining reserve allocation factors. Although the migration analysis provides an accurate historical accounting of our net loan losses, it is not able to fully account for environmental factors that will also very likely impact the collectability of our commercial loans as of any quarter-end date. Therefore, we incorporate the environmental factors as adjustments to the historical data. Environmental factors include both internal and external items. We believe the most significant internal environmental factor is our credit culture and the relative aggressiveness in assigning and revising commercial loan risk ratings. Although we have been consistent in our approach to commercial loan ratings, the stressed economic conditions of the past several years have resulted in an even higher sense of aggressiveness with regards to the downgrading of lending relationships. For example, we made revisions to our grading paradigms in early 2009 that mathematically resulted in commercial loan relationships being more quickly downgraded when signs of stress are noted, such as slower sales activity for construction and land development commercial real estate relationships and reduced operating performance/cash flow coverage for commercial and industrial relationships. These changes, coupled with the stressed economic environment, resulted in significant downgrades and the need for substantial provisions to the allowance during the three-year period ended December 31, 2010. To more effectively manage our commercial loan portfolio, we also created a specific group tasked with managing our most distressed lending relationships. Coinciding with our transition from an eight-quarter loan loss migration analysis to a twelve-quarter loan loss migration analysis during 2012, we also transitioned from a 50-basis point environmental factor matrix to a 35-basis point environmental factor matrix. We believe this reduction was appropriate since extending the look back period of the loan loss migration analysis expands the level of environmental experience inherently included in the quantitative-based reserve allocation factors. This transition, along with typical periodic adjustments to the environmental factors, resulted in a net decrease of $1.5 million to the required loan loss reserve level as of December 31, 2012. The most significant external environmental factor is the assessment of the current economic environment and the resulting implications on our commercial loan portfolio. Currently, we believe conditions remain stressed for non-owner occupied commercial real estate (““CRE””); however, recent data and performance reflect a level of stability, and in some cases improvement, in the other classes of our commercial loan portfolio. The primary risk elements with respect to commercial loans are the financial condition of the borrower, the sufficiency of collateral, and timeliness of scheduled payments. We have a policy of requesting and reviewing periodic financial statements from commercial loan customers, and we have a disciplined and formalized review of the existence of collateral and its value. The primary risk element with respect to each residential real estate loan and consumer loan is the timeliness of scheduled payments. We have a reporting system that monitors past due loans and have adopted policies to pursue creditor’’s rights in order to preserve our collateral position. 8. Reflecting the stressed economic conditions and resulting negative impact on our loan portfolio, we substantially increased the allowance as a percent of the loan portfolio beginning in 2009. The allowance equaled $28.7 million, or 2.8% of total loans outstanding, as of December 31, 2012, compared to 3.4%, 3.6%, 3.1%, 1.5% and 1.4% at year-end 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. A significant portion of the decline in the level of the allowance to total loans outstanding during 2012 reflects the charge-off of specific reserves that were created in prior periods and the elimination and reduction of specific reserves due to successful collection efforts, while the remainder of the decline is primarily associated with commercial loan upgrades and reductions in many reserve allocation factors on non-impaired commercial loans resulting from the impact of lower net loan charge-offs in recent periods on our migration calculations. As of December 31, 2012, the allowance was comprised of $11.5 million in general reserves relating to non-impaired loans, $4.0 million in specific reserve allocations relating to nonaccrual loans, and $13.2 million in specific allocations on other loans, primarily accruing loans designated as troubled debt restructurings. Troubled debt restructurings totaled $50.8 million at December 31, 2012, consisting of $12.6 million that are on nonaccrual status and $38.2 million that are on accrual status. The latter, while considered and accounted for as impaired loans in accordance with accounting guidelines, is not included in our nonperforming loan totals. Impaired loans with an aggregate carrying value of $13.8 million as of December 31, 2012 had been subject to previous partial charge-offs aggregating $9.5 million. Those partial charge-offs were recorded as follows: $2.8 million in 2012, $3.2 million in 2011, $2.4 million in 2010 and $1.1 million in 2009. As of December 31, 2012, specific reserves allocated to impaired loans that had been subject to a previous partial charge-off totaled $0.2 million. Although we believe the allowance is adequate to absorb losses as they arise, there can be no assurance that we will not sustain losses in any given period that could be substantial in relation to, or greater than, the size of the allowance. Additional detail regarding the allowance is incorporated by reference to Management’’s Discussion and Analysis and Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. Investments Bank Holding Company Investments. The principal investments of our bank holding company are the investments in the common stock of our bank and the common securities of Mercantile trust. Other funds of our bank holding company may be invested from time to time in various debt instruments. As a bank holding company, we are also permitted to make portfolio investments in equity securities and to make equity investments in subsidiaries engaged in a variety of non-banking activities, which include real estate-related activities such as community development, real estate appraisals, arranging equity financing for commercial real estate, and owning and operating real estate used substantially by our bank or acquired for its future use. Our bank holding company has no plans at this time to make directly any of these equity investments at the bank holding company level. Our Board of Directors may, however, alter the investment policy at any time without shareholder approval. Our Bank’’s Investments. Our bank may invest its funds in a wide variety of debt instruments and may participate in the federal funds market with other depository institutions. Subject to certain exceptions, our bank is prohibited from investing in equity securities. Among the equity investments permitted for our bank under various conditions and subject in some instances to amount limitations, are shares of a subsidiary insurance agency, mortgage company, real estate company, or Michigan business and industrial development company, such as our insurance company, our mortgage company, or our real estate company. Under another such exception, in certain circumstances and with prior notice to or approval of the FDIC, our bank could invest up to 10% of its total assets in the equity securities of a subsidiary corporation engaged in the acquisition and development of real property for sale, or the improvement of real property by construction or rehabilitation of residential or commercial units for sale or lease. Our bank has no present plans to make such an investment. Real estate acquired by our bank in satisfaction of or foreclosure upon loans may be held by our bank for specified periods. Our bank is also permitted to invest in such real estate as is necessary for the convenient transaction of its business. Our bank’’s Board of Directors may alter the bank’’s investment policy without shareholder approval at any time. 9. Additional detail and information relative to the securities portfolio is incorporated by reference to Management’’s Discussion and Analysis and Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. Competition Our primary markets for loans and core deposits are the Grand Rapids, Holland and Lansing metropolitan areas. We face substantial competition in all phases of our operations from a variety of different competitors. We compete for deposits, loans and other financial services with numerous Michigan-based and national and regional banks, savings banks, thrifts, credit unions and other financial institutions as well as from other entities that provide financial services. Some of the financial institutions and financial service organizations with which we compete are not subject to the same degree of regulation as we are. Many of our primary competitors have been in business for many years, have established customer bases, are larger, have substantially higher lending limits than we do, and offer larger branch networks and other services which we do not. Most of these same entities have greater capital resources than we do, which, among other things, may allow them to price their services at levels more favorable to the customer and to provide larger credit facilities than we do. Under specified circumstances (that have been modified by the Dodd-Frank Act), securities firms and insurance companies that elect to become financial holding companies under the Bank Holding Company Act may acquire banks and other financial institutions. Federal banking law affects the competitive environment in which we conduct our business. The financial services industry is also likely to become more competitive as further technological advances enable more companies to provide financial services. Selected Statistical Information Management’’s Discussion and Analysis beginning on Page F-4 in this Annual Report includes selected statistical information. Return on Equity and Assets Return on Equity and Asset information is included in Management’’s Discussion and Analysis beginning on Page F-4 in this Annual Report. Available Information We maintain an internet website at www.mercbank.com. We make available on or through our website, free of charge, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not intend the address of our website to be an active link or to otherwise incorporate the contents of our website into this Annual Report. Item 1A. Risk Factors. The following risk factors could affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. These risk factors should be considered in connection with evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report because they could cause the actual results and conditions to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements. Before you buy our common stock, you should know that investing in our common stock involves risks, including the risks described below. The risks that are highlighted here are not the only ones we face. If the adverse matters referred to in any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or operations could be adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. 10. Difficult market conditions have adversely affected our industry. Declines in the housing market over the past several years, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures, unemployment and under-employment, have negatively impacted the credit performance of real estate related loans and resulted in significant write-downs of asset values by financial institutions. These write-downs, initially of asset-backed securities but spreading to other securities and loans, have caused many financial institutions to seek additional capital, to reduce or eliminate dividends, to merge with larger and stronger institutions and, in some cases, to fail. Reflecting concern about the stability of the financial markets generally and the strength of counterparties, many lenders and institutional investors have reduced or ceased providing funding to borrowers, including to other financial institutions. This market turmoil and tightening of credit have led to an increased level of commercial and consumer delinquencies, lack of consumer confidence, increased market volatility and widespread reduction of business activity generally. The resulting economic pressure on consumers and lack of confidence in the financial markets have adversely affected our business, financial condition and results of operations. Market developments may affect consumer confidence levels and may cause adverse changes in payment patterns, causing increases in delinquencies and default rates, which may impact our charge-offs and provision for credit losses. A worsening of these conditions would likely exacerbate the adverse effects of these difficult market conditions on us and others in the financial institutions industry. During 2012 and 2011, economic conditions in our markets, the United States and worldwide did generally improve; however, there can be no assurance that this improvement will continue. Significant declines in the value of commercial real estate adversely impact us. Many of our loans relate to commercial real estate. Stressed economic conditions have significantly reduced the value of commercial real estate and have strained the financial condition of our commercial real estate borrowers, especially in the land development and non-owner occupied commercial real estate segments of our loan portfolio. Those difficulties have adversely affected us and could produce additional losses and other adverse effects on our business. Market volatility may adversely affect us. The capital and credit markets have been experiencing volatility and disruption. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability for certain issuers without apparent regard to those issuers’’ underlying financial strength. The current levels of market disruption and volatility have an adverse effect, which may be material, on our ability to access capital and on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Adverse changes in economic conditions or interest rates may negatively affect our earnings, capital and liquidity. The results of operations for financial institutions, including our bank, have been materially and adversely affected by changes in prevailing local and national economic conditions, including declines in real estate market values and the related declines in value of our real estate collateral, increases or decreases in interest rates and changes in the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government. Our profitability is heavily influenced by the spread between the interest rates we earn on loans and investments and the interest rates we pay on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities, as well as provisions to the allowance for loan losses. Substantially all of our loans are to businesses and individuals in the cities and surrounding areas of Grand Rapids, Holland and Lansing, Michigan, and declines in the economies of these areas have adversely affected us. Like most banking institutions, our net interest spread and margin will be affected by general economic conditions and other factors that influence market interest rates and our ability to respond to changes in these rates. At any given time, our assets and liabilities may be such that they will be affected differently by a given change in interest rates. 11. The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us. Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial industry. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, have led to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other institutions. Even routine funding transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the financial instrument exposure due us. There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations. The effect of the U.S. Government’’s response to the financial crisis remains uncertain. In response to the turmoil in the financial services sector and the severe recession in the broader economy, the U.S. Government has taken legislative and other action intended to restore financial stability and economic growth. In October, 2008, then President Bush signed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the ““EESA””). Among other things, the EESA established the Troubled Asset Relief Program (““TARP””). Under TARP, the United States Treasury Department (the ““Treasury Department””) was given the authority, among other things, to purchase up to $700 billion of mortgages, mortgage-backed securities and certain other financial instruments from financial institutions and others for the purpose of stabilizing and providing liquidity to the U.S. financial markets. On October 14, 2008, the Treasury Department announced a program under EESA pursuant to which it would make senior preferred stock investments in qualifying financial institutions (the ““Capital Purchase Program””). In February, 2009, President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the ““ARRA””). The ARRA contained, among other things, a further package of economic stimulus measures and amendments to EESA’’s restrictions on compensation of executives of financial institutions and others participating in the TARP. In addition to legislation, the Federal Reserve Board eased short-term interest rates and implemented a series of emergency programs to furnish liquidity to the financial markets and credit to various participants in those markets, as well as programs of quantitative easing through direct purchases of certain Treasury securities. The FDIC and the Treasury Department also implemented further measures to address the crisis in the financial services sector. Further legislation providing tax relief and other economic stimulus was adopted by Congress in 2010 and 2011. There can be no assurance as to the actual impact of these laws, and their respective implementing regulations, the programs of the government agencies, or any further legislation or regulations, on the financial markets or the broader economy. A failure to stabilize the financial markets, and a continuation or worsening of the current financial market conditions, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, access to credit or the trading price of our common stock. 12. The effect of financial services legislation and regulations remains uncertain. In response to the financial crisis, on July 21, 2010, President Obama signed the Dodd-Frank Act, the most comprehensive reform of the regulation of the financial services industry since the Great Depression of the 1930’’s. Among many other things, the Dodd-Frank Act provides for increased supervision of financial institutions by regulatory agencies, more stringent capital requirements for financial institutions, major changes to deposit insurance assessments by the FDIC, prohibitions on proprietary trading and sponsorship or investment in hedge funds and private equity funds by insured depository institutions and their affiliates, heightened regulation of hedging and derivatives activities, a greater focus on consumer protection issues, in part through the formation of a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau having powers formerly split among different regulatory agencies, extensive changes to the regulation of mortgage lending, imposition of limits on interchange transaction and network fees for electronic debit transactions, repeal of the prohibition on payment of interest on demand deposits, the effective winding up of additional expenditures of funds under the TARP, and the imposition of a ““sunset date”” of December 31, 2012 on expenditures under the ARRA. Many of the Dodd-Frank Act’’s provisions have delayed effective dates, while other provisions require implementing regulations of various federal agencies, some of which have not yet been adopted in final form. There can be no assurance that the Dodd-Frank Act and its implementing regulations will not limit our ability to pursue business opportunities, impose additional costs on us, impact our revenues or the value of our assets, or otherwise adversely affect our business. Our credit losses could increase and our allowance may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses. The risk of nonpayment of loans is inherent in all lending activities, and nonpayment, when it occurs, may have a materially adverse effect on our earnings and overall financial condition as well as the value of our common stock. Our focus on commercial lending may result in a larger concentration of loans to small businesses. As a result, we may assume different or greater lending risks than other banks. We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio and provide an allowance for losses based on several factors. If our assumptions are wrong, our allowance may not be sufficient to cover our losses, which would have an adverse effect on our operating results. The actual amounts of future provisions for loan losses cannot be determined at this time and may exceed the amounts of past provisions. Additions to our allowance decrease our net income. We rely heavily on our management and other key personnel, and the loss of any of them may adversely affect our operations. We are and will continue to be dependent upon the services of our management team, including Michael H. Price, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, and our other senior managers. The loss of Mr. Price, or any of our other senior managers, could have an adverse effect on our growth and performance. We have entered into employment contracts with Mr. Price and two other executive officers. The contracts provide for a three-year employment period that is extended for an additional year each year unless a notice is given indicating that the contract will not be extended. In addition, we continue to depend on our key commercial loan officers. Several of our commercial loan officers are responsible, or share responsibility, for generating and managing a significant portion of our commercial loan portfolio. Our success can be attributed in large part to the relationships these officers as well as members of our management team have developed and are able to maintain with our customers as we continue to implement our community banking philosophy. The loss of any of these commercial loan officers could adversely affect our loan portfolio and performance, and our ability to generate new loans. Many of our key employees have signed agreements with us agreeing not to compete with us in one or more of our markets for specified time periods if they leave employment with us. However, we may not be able to effectively enforce such agreements. Some of the other financial institutions in our markets also require their key employees to sign agreements that preclude or limit their ability to leave their employment and compete with them or solicit their customers. These agreements make it more difficult for us to hire loan officers with experience in our markets who can immediately solicit their former or new customers on our behalf. 13. Decline in the availability of out-of-area deposits could cause liquidity or interest rate margin concerns, or limit our growth. We utilize out-of-area or wholesale deposits to support our assets. These deposits are generally a lower cost source of funds when compared to the interest rates that we would have to offer in our local markets to generate a commensurate level of funds. In addition, the overhead costs associated with wholesale deposits are considerably less than the overhead costs we would incur to obtain and administer a similar level of local deposits. A decline in the availability of these wholesale deposits would require us to fund our growth with more costly funding sources, which could reduce our net interest margin, limit our growth, reduce our asset size, or increase our overhead costs. Wholesale deposits include deposits obtained through brokers. If a bank is not well capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. Future sales of our common stock or other securities may dilute the value of our common stock. In many situations, our Board of Directors has the authority, without any vote of our shareholders, to issue shares of our authorized but unissued preferred or common stock, including shares authorized and unissued under our Stock Incentive Plan of 2006. In the future, we may issue additional securities, through public or private offerings, in order to raise additional capital. Any such issuance would dilute the percentage of ownership interest of existing shareholders and may dilute the per share book value of the common stock. In addition, option holders under our stock-based incentive plans may exercise their options at a time when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional equity capital on more favorable terms. We are subject to significant government regulation, and any regulatory changes may adversely affect us. The banking industry is heavily regulated under both federal and state law. These regulations are primarily intended to protect customers, not our creditors or shareholders. Existing state and federal banking laws subject us to substantial limitations with respect to the making of loans, the purchase of securities, the payment of dividends and many other aspects of our business. Some of these laws may benefit us, others may increase our costs of doing business, or otherwise adversely affect us and create competitive advantages for others. Regulations affecting banks and financial services companies undergo continuous change, and we cannot predict the ultimate effect of these changes, which could have a material adverse effect on our profitability or financial condition. Federal economic and monetary policy may also affect our ability to attract deposits, make loans and achieve satisfactory interest spreads. Our single-family real estate lending business faces significant change. The Dodd-Frank Act significantly changed the regulation of single-family residential mortgage lending in the United States. Among other things, the law transferred rule-making and enforcement powers from a number of federal agencies to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (““CFPB””), imposed new risk retention and recordkeeping requirements on lenders (such as our bank) which sell single-family residential mortgage loans in the secondary market, required revision of disclosure documents mandated by various federal laws, limited loan originator compensation and expanded recordkeeping and reporting requirements under other federal statutes. Some of the required regulations, including those implementing the Dodd-Frank Act’’s requirements that lenders consider a prospective borrower’’s ability to repay based on specific underwriting criteria and defining the characteristics of ““qualified mortgages”” that presumably satisfy the ability to pay requirement, were adopted in final form by the CFPB in January 2013, with effective dates in January 2014. Other regulations, including those combining the forms of disclosure documents required under the Truth in Lending Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, have been proposed by the CFPB, and are expected to be finally adopted in 2013. These and other changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act, when implemented, will require substantial modifications to the entire mortgage lending and servicing industry. Although there can be no assurance when, or in what form, these regulatory changes may finally be adopted, their impact may involve changes to our operations and increased compliance costs in making single- family residential mortgage loans. 14. Our future success is dependent on our ability to compete effectively in the highly competitive banking industry. We face substantial competition in all phases of our operations from a variety of different competitors. Our future growth and success will depend on our ability to compete effectively in this highly competitive environment. We compete for deposits, loans and other financial services with numerous Michigan-based and national and regional banks, thrifts, credit unions and other financial institutions as well as other entities that provide financial services, including securities firms and mutual funds. Some of the financial institutions and financial service organizations with which we compete are not subject to the same degree of regulation as we are. Most of our competitors have been in business for many years, have established customer bases, are larger, have substantially higher lending limits than we do and offer branch networks and other services which we do not, including trust and international banking services. Most of these entities have greater capital and other resources than we do, which, among other things, may allow them to price their services at levels more favorable to the customer and to provide larger credit facilities than we do. This competition may limit our growth or earnings. Under specified circumstances (that have been modified by the Dodd-Frank Act), securities firms and insurance companies that elect to become financial holding companies under the Bank Holding Company Act may acquire banks and other financial institutions. Federal banking law affects the competitive environment in which we conduct our business. The financial services industry is also likely to become more competitive as further technological advances enable more companies to provide financial services. These technological advances may diminish the importance of depository institutions and other financial intermediaries in the transfer of funds between parties. Minimum capital requirements may increase. The provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to capital to be maintained by financial institutions approach convergence with the standards (generally known as Basel III) adopted in December, 2010 by the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision, the oversight body of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Among other things, those standards contain a narrower definition of elements qualifying for inclusion as Tier 1 capital and higher minimum risk-based capital levels than those specified in current U.S. law and regulations. In June 2012, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies issued proposed regulations to implement the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and Basel III for U.S. financial institutions. Although those regulations were to have taken effect on January 1, 2013, in November 2012, the federal bank regulatory agencies announced an indefinite delay in their effectiveness while the agencies considered comments received on their proposals. In Congressional testimony in February 2013, responsible officials of the federal bank regulatory agencies stated that they anticipate changes in the final versions of the regulations, which they hope to issue in the Spring of 2013. Adoption of increased minimum capital requirements could adversely affect our ability (and that of our bank) to pay cash dividends, reduce our profitability, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. There can be no assurance when or if such regulatory changes may become effective. We may need to raise additional capital in the future, and such capital may not be available when needed or at all. We may need or want to raise additional capital in the future to provide us with sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet our commitments and business needs, particularly if our asset quality or earnings were to deteriorate significantly. Our ability to raise additional capital will depend on, among other things, conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of our control, and our financial performance. Economic conditions and any loss of confidence in financial institutions generally may increase our cost of funding and limit access to certain customary sources of capital. There can be no assurance that capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Any occurrence that may limit our access to the capital markets, such as a decline in the confidence of equity or debt purchasers, or counterparties participating in the capital markets, may adversely affect our capital costs and our ability to raise capital and, potentially, our liquidity. Also, if we need to raise capital in the future, we may have to do so when many other financial institutions are also seeking to raise capital and would have to compete with those institutions for investors. An inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 15. We continually encounter technological change, and we may have fewer resources than our competitors to continue to invest in technological improvements. The banking industry is undergoing technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. In addition to better serving customers, the effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to reduce costs. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands for convenience as well as create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements than we do. There can be no assurance that we will be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Our Articles of Incorporation and By-laws and the laws of the State of Michigan contain provisions that may discourage or prevent a takeover of our company and reduce any takeover premium. Our Articles of Incorporation and By-laws, and the corporate laws of the State of Michigan, include provisions which are designed to provide our Board of Directors with time to consider whether a hostile takeover offer is in our and our shareholders’’ best interest. These provisions, however, could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control. The provisions also could diminish the opportunities for a holder of our common stock to participate in tender offers, including tender offers at a price above the then-current market price for our common stock. These provisions could also prevent transactions in which our shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then- current market prices, and may limit the ability of our shareholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests. The Michigan Business Corporation Act contains provisions intended to protect shareholders and prohibit or discourage various types of hostile takeover activities. In addition to these provisions and the provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and By-laws, federal law requires the Federal Reserve Board’’s approval prior to acquiring ““control”” of a bank holding company. All of these provisions may delay or prevent a change in control without action by our shareholders and could adversely affect the price of our common stock. There is a limited trading market for our common stock. The price of our common stock has been, and will likely continue to be, subject to fluctuations based on, among other things, economic and market conditions for bank holding companies and the stock market in general, as well as changes in investor perceptions of our company. The issuance of new shares of our common stock also may affect the market for our common stock. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol ““MBWM.”” The development and maintenance of an active public trading market depends upon the existence of willing buyers and sellers, the presence of which is beyond our control. While we are a publicly-traded company, the volume of trading activity in our stock is still relatively limited. Even if a more active market develops, there can be no assurance that such a market will continue, or that our shareholders will be able to sell their shares at or above the offering price. Our ability to pay cash and stock dividends is subject to limitations under various laws and regulations and to prudent and sound banking practices. 16. Our business is subject to operational risks. We, like most financial institutions, are exposed to many types of operational risks, including the risk of fraud by employees or outsiders, unauthorized transactions by employees or operational errors. Operational errors may include clerical or record keeping errors or those resulting from faulty or disabled computer or telecommunications systems. Given our volume of transactions, certain errors may be repeated or compounded before they are discovered and successfully corrected. Our necessary dependence upon automated systems to record and process our transaction volume may further increase the risk that technical system flaws or employee tampering or manipulation of those systems will result in losses that are difficult to detect. We may also be subject to disruptions of our operating systems arising from events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, including, for example, computer viruses or electrical or telecommunications outages, which may give rise to losses in service to customers and to loss or liability to us. We are further exposed to the risk that our external vendors may be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations to us, or will be subject to the same risk of fraud or operational errors by their respective employees as are we, and to the risk that our or our vendors’’ business continuity and data security systems prove not to be adequate. We also face the risk that the design of our controls and procedures proves inadequate or are circumvented, causing delays in detection or errors in information. Although we maintain a system of controls designed to keep operational risk at appropriate levels, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer losses from operational risks in the future that may be material in amount. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments We have received no written comments regarding our periodic or current reports from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that were issued 180 days or more before the end of our 2012 fiscal year and that remain unresolved. Item 2. Properties. During 2005, our bank placed into service a new four-story facility located approximately two miles north from the center of downtown Grand Rapids. This facility serves as our headquarters and our bank’’s main office, and houses the administration function, our bank’’s commercial lending and review function, our bank’’s loan operations function, our bank’’s deposit operations function, a full service branch, and portions of our bank’’s retail lending and business development function. The facility consists of approximately 55,000 square feet of usable space and contains multiple drive-through lanes with ample parking. The land and building are owned by our real estate company. The address of this facility is 310 Leonard Street NW, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Our bank designed and constructed a full service branch and retail loan facility which opened in July of 1999 in Alpine Township, a northwest suburb of Grand Rapids. The facility is one story and has approximately 8,000 square feet of usable space. The land and building are owned by our bank. The facility has multiple drive-through lanes and ample parking space. The address of this facility is 4613 Alpine Avenue NW, Comstock Park, Michigan. During 2001, our bank designed and constructed two facilities on a 4-acre parcel of land located in the City of Wyoming, a southwest suburb of Grand Rapids. The land had been purchased by our bank in 2000. The larger of the two buildings is a full service branch, which opened in September of 2001. The facility is two-stories and has approximately 25,000 square feet of usable space. The facility has multiple drive-through lanes and ample parking space. The address of this facility is 5610 Byron Center Avenue SW, Wyoming, Michigan. The other building is a single-story facility with approximately 11,000 square feet of usable space. Our bank’’s accounting, audit, loss prevention and wire transfer functions are housed in this building, which underwent a renovation in 2005 that almost doubled its size. The address of this facility is 5650 Byron Center Avenue SW, Wyoming, Michigan. 17. During 2002, our bank designed and constructed a full service branch which opened in December of 2002 in the City of Kentwood, a southeast suburb of Grand Rapids. The land had been purchased by our bank in 2001. The facility is one story and has approximately 10,000 square feet of usable space. The facility has multiple drive-through lanes and ample parking space. The address of this facility is 4860 Broadmoor Avenue SW, Kentwood, Michigan. During 2003, our bank designed and constructed a full service branch in the northeast quadrant of the City of Grand Rapids. The land had been purchased by our bank in 2002. The facility is one story and has approximately 3,500 square feet of usable space. The facility has multiple drive-through lanes and ample parking space. The address of this facility is 3156 Knapp Street NE, Grand Rapids, Michigan. During 2003, our bank designed and started construction of a new two-story facility located in Holland, Michigan. This facility, which was completed during the fourth quarter of 2004, serves as a full service banking center for the Holland area, including commercial lending, retail lending and a full service branch. The facility, which is owned by our bank, consists of approximately 30,000 square feet of usable space and contains multiple drive-through lanes with ample parking. The address of this facility is 880 East 16th Street, Holland, Michigan. During 2006, our bank purchased approximately 3 acres of vacant land and designed and initiated construction of a new three-story facility in East Lansing, Michigan. This facility was completed during the second quarter of 2007, and serves as a full service banking center for the greater Lansing area, including commercial lending, retail lending, and a full service branch. The facility consists of approximately 27,000 square feet of usable space and contains multiple drive-through lanes with ample parking. The address of this facility is 3737 Coolidge Road, East Lansing, Michigan. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. From time to time, we may be involved in various legal proceedings that are incidental to our business. In the opinion of management, we are not a party to any legal proceedings that are material to our financial condition, either individually or in the aggregate. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. 18. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol ““MBWM.”” At February 1, 2013, there were 336 record holders of our common stock. In addition, we estimate that there were approximately 4,000 beneficial owners of our common stock who own their shares through brokers or banks. The following table shows the high and low sales prices for our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market for the periods indicated and the quarterly cash dividends paid by us during those periods. High Low Dividend 2012 First Quarter ............................................. Second Quarter ........................................ 18.46 13.71 Third Quarter ........................................... 18.69 15.77 Fourth Quarter ......................................... 17.98 13.41 $ 14.25 $ 9.77 $ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 2011 First Quarter ............................................. Second Quarter ........................................ 9.85 Third Quarter ........................................... 10.09 9.99 Fourth Quarter ......................................... $ 10.26 $ 7.82 $ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.60 7.72 7.51 Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends that the Board of Directors may declare from time to time. We may only pay dividends out of funds that are legally available for that purpose. We are a holding company and substantially all of our assets are held by our subsidiaries. Our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders depends primarily on our bank’’s ability to pay dividends to us. Dividend payments and extensions of credit to us from our bank are subject to legal and regulatory limitations, generally based on capital levels and current and retained earnings, imposed by law and regulatory agencies with authority over our bank. The ability of our bank to pay dividends is also subject to its profitability, financial condition, capital expenditures and other cash flow requirements. In addition, under the terms of our subordinated debentures, we would be precluded from paying dividends on our common stock if an event of default has occurred and is continuing under the subordinated debentures, or if we exercised our right to defer payments of interest on the subordinated debentures, until the deferral ended. Also, in connection with our participation in the Treasury Department’’s Capital Purchase Program, we agreed that we would not, without the Treasury Department’’s consent, increase our cash dividend rate on our common stock, or with certain exceptions, repurchase any shares of our common stock. These restrictions relating to the Capital Purchase Program expired when we repurchased the preferred stock and warrant during 2012. We and our bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Failure to meet the various capital requirements can initiate regulatory action that could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Our bank’’s ability to pay cash and stock dividends is subject to limitations under various laws and regulations and to prudent and sound banking practices. On October 11, 2012, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.09 per share, that was paid on December 10, 2012 to shareholders of record as of November 9, 2012. This represented our first common stock cash dividend since the first quarter of 2010, as in April 2010 we suspended payments of cash dividends on our common stock. On January 10, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.10 per share, that was paid on March 8, 2013 to shareholders of record as of February 8, 2013. 19. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased 402 N/A N/A 402 (b) Average Price Paid Per Share $ 17.14 N/A N/A $ 17.14 (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 0 0 0 0 (d) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 0 0 0 0 Period October 1 - 31 November 1 - 30 December 1 –– 31 Total The shares shown in column (a) above as having been purchased were acquired from two of our employees when they used shares of common stock that they already owned to pay part of the exercise price when exercising stock options under our employee stock-based compensation plans. Shareholder Return Performance Graph Set forth below is a line graph comparing the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock (based on the last reported sales price of the respective year) with the cumulative total return of the Nasdaq Composite Index and the SNL Bank Nasdaq Index from December 31, 2007 through December 31, 2012. The following is based on an investment of $100 on December 31, 2007 in our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the SNL Bank Nasdaq Index, with dividends reinvested where applicable. 20. Item 6. Selected Financial Data. The Selected Financial Data in this Annual Report is incorporated here by reference. Item 7. Management’’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Management’’s Discussion and Analysis included in this Annual Report is incorporated here by reference. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. The information under the heading ““Market Risk Analysis”” included in this Annual Report is incorporated here by reference. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and the Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm included in this Annual Report are incorporated here by reference. 21. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. As of December 31, 2012, an evaluation was performed under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2012. There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2012, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal control. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012. This evaluation was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control –– Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control –– Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2012. Refer to page F-38 for management’’s report. Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting which is included in this Annual Report. Item 9B. Other Information. None Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. PART III The information presented under the captions ““Election of Directors,”” ““Executive Officers,”” ““Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”” and ““Corporate Governance –– Code of Ethics”” in the definitive Proxy Statement of Mercantile for our April 25, 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the ““Proxy Statement””), a copy of which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission before the meeting date, is incorporated here by reference. We have a separately-designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The members of the Audit Committee consist of David M. Cassard, John F. Donnelly, Calvin D. Murdock, and Timothy O. Schad. The Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Cassard, Murdock and Schad, members of the Audit Committee, are qualified as audit committee financial experts, as that term is defined in the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Messrs. Cassard, Donnelly, Murdock, and Schad are independent, as independence for audit committee members is defined in the Nasdaq listing standards and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. 22. Item 11. Executive Compensation. The information presented under the captions ““Executive Compensation,”” ““Corporate Governance –– Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”” and ““Compensation Committee Report”” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated here by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. The information presented under the caption ““Stock Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management”” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated here by reference. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table summarizes information, as of December 31, 2012, relating to compensation plans under which equity securities are authorized for issuance. Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 152,896 $ 26.15 366,000 (2) 0 0 0 Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total 152,896 $ 26.15 366,000 (1) These plans are Mercantile’’s 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan, 2004 Employee Stock Option Plan, Independent Director Stock Option Plan and the Stock Incentive Plan of 2006. (2) These securities are available under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2006. Incentive awards may include, but are not limited to, stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and stock awards. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. The information presented under the captions ““Transactions with Related Persons”” and ““Corporate Governance –– Director Independence”” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated here by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. The information presented under the caption ““Principal Accountant Fees and Services”” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated here by reference. 23. Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules PART IV (a) (1) Financial Statements. The following financial statements and reports of the independent registered public accounting firm of Mercantile Bank Corporation and its subsidiaries are filed as part of this report: Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm dated March 14, 2013 –– BDO USA, LLP Consolidated Balance Sheets --- December 31, 2012 and 2011 Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’’ Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The Consolidated Financial Statements, the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the Reports of Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm listed above are incorporated by reference in Item 8 of this report. (2) Financial Statement Schedules Not applicable (b) Exhibits: EXHIBIT NO. EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION 3.1 3.2 10.1 10.2 10.3 Our Articles of Incorporation are incorporated by reference to exhibit 3.1 of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 Our Amended and Restated By-laws dated as of January 16, 2003 are incorporated by reference to exhibit 3.2 of our Registration Statement on Form S- 3 (Commission File No. 333-103376) that became effective on February 21, 2003 Our 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.14 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 * Our 2004 Employee Stock Option Plan is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004 * Form of Stock Option Agreement for options under the 2004 Employee Stock Option Plan is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004 * 24. EXHIBIT NO. EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 Our Independent Director Stock Option Plan is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.26 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 * Form of Stock Option Agreement for options under the Independent Director Stock Option Plan is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed October 22, 2004 * Mercantile Bank of Michigan Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Members of the Board of Directors dated June 29, 2006 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.9 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 * First Amendment dated October 25, 2007 to the Mercantile Bank of Michigan Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Members of the Board of Directors dated June 29, 2006 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.10 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 * Second Amendment dated October 23, 2008 to the Mercantile Bank of Michigan Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Members of the Board of Directors dated June 29, 2007 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.9 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 * Agreement between Fiserv Solutions, Inc. and our bank dated September 10, 1997, is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.3 of our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Commission File No. 333-33081) that became effective on October 23, 1997 Extension Agreement of Data Processing Contract between Fiserv Solutions, Inc. and our bank dated December 20, 2006 extending the agreements between Fiserv Solutions, Inc. and our bank dated September 10, 1997 and November 21, 2002 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.14 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of October 18, 2001, among the company, our bank and Michael H. Price, is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.22 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001 * Employment Agreement dated as of October 18, 2001, among the company, our bank and Robert B. Kaminski, Jr., is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.23 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001 * Employment Agreement dated as of October 18, 2001, among the company, our bank and Charles E. Christmas, is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.23 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001 * Amendment to Employment Agreement dated as of October 17, 2002, among the company, our bank and Michael H. Price, is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.22 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 * Amendment to Employment Agreement dated as of October 17, 2002, among the company, our bank and Robert B. Kaminski, Jr., is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.23 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 * 25. EXHIBIT NO. EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 Amendment to Employment Agreement dated as of October 17, 2002, among the company, our bank and Charles E. Christmas, is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.24 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 * Amendment to Employment Agreement dated as of October 28, 2004, among the company, our bank and Robert B. Kaminski, Jr., is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.21 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 * Junior Subordinated Indenture between us and Wilmington Trust Company dated September 16, 2004 providing for the issuance of the Series A and Series B Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Notes due 2034 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed December 15, 2004 Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated September 16, 2004 for Mercantile Bank Capital Trust I is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 of our Form 8-K filed December 15, 2004 Placement Agreement between us, Mercantile Bank Capital Trust I, and SunTrust Capital Markets, Inc. dated September 16, 2004 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.3 of our Form 8-K filed December 15, 2004 Guarantee Agreement dated September 16, 2004 between Mercantile as Guarantor and Wilmington Trust Company as Guarantee Trustee is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.4 of our Form 8-K filed December 15, 2004 Form of Agreement Amending Stock Option Agreement, dated November 17, 2005 issued under our 2004 Employee Stock Option Plan, is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed December 14, 2005 * Second Amendment to Employment Agreement dated as of November 17, 2005, among the company, our bank and Michael H. Price is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.29 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 * Third Amendment to Employment Agreement dated as of November 17, 2005, among the company, our bank and Robert B. Kaminski, Jr. is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.30 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 * Second Amendment to Employment Agreement dated as of November 17, 2005, among the company, our bank and Charles E. Christmas is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.31 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 * Form of Mercantile Bank of Michigan Amended and Restated Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement dated November 18, 2006, that has been entered into between our bank and each of Michael H. Price, Robert B. Kaminski, Jr., Charles E. Christmas, and certain other officers of our bank is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.34 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 * 26. EXHIBIT NO. 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION Form of First Amendment to the Mercantile Bank of Michigan Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement dated November 18, 2006, that has been entered into between our bank and each of Michael H. Price, Robert B. Kaminski, Jr., Charles E. Christmas, and certain other officers of our bank, dated October 25, 2007 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.35 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 * Form of Second Amendment to the Mercantile Bank of Michigan Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement dated November 18, 2006, that has been entered into between our bank and each of Michael H. Price, Robert B. Kaminski, Charles E. Christmas, and certain other officers of our bank, dated October 23, 2008 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.34 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 * Form of Mercantile Bank of Michigan Split Dollar Agreement that has been entered into between our bank and each of Michael H. Price, Robert B. Kaminski, Jr., Charles E. Christmas, and certain other officers of our bank is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.33 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 * Director Fee Summary * Stock Incentive Plan of 2006 is incorporated by reference to Appendix A of our proxy statement for our April 27, 2006 annual meeting of shareholders that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission * Amendment and Restatement of Stock Incentive Plan of 2006 dated November 18, 2008 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.39 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 * Form of Notice of Grant of Incentive Stock Option and Stock Option Agreement for incentive stock options granted in 2006 under our Stock Incentive Plan of 2006 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed November 22, 2006 * Form of Notice of Grant of Incentive Stock Option and Stock Option Agreement for incentive stock options granted after 2006 under our Stock Incentive Plan of 2006 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.41 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 * Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Notification of Award and Terms and Conditions of Award for restricted stock granted in 2006 under our Stock Incentive Plan of 2006 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 of our Form 8- K filed November 22, 2006 * Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Notification of Award and Terms and Conditions of Award for restricted stock granted after 2006 under our Stock Incentive Plan of 2006 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.43 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 * Mercantile Bank Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan of 2002 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.47 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 27. EXHIBIT NO. 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 10.46 10.47 10.48 EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION First Amendment to Mercantile Bank Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan of 2002 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 4(c) of our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission File No. 333-158280) that became effective on March 30, 2009 Second Amendment to Mercantile Bank Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan of 2002 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 4(d) of our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission File No. 333-158280) that became effective on March 30, 2009 Letter Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2009, between Mercantile Bank Corporation and the United States Department of the Treasury, including the Securities Purchase Agreement –– Standard Terms and Schedules is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed May 15, 2009 Side Letter Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2009, between Mercantile Bank Corporation and the United States Department of the Treasury regarding the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 of our Form 8-K filed May 15, 2009 Amendment to Employment Agreements, dated May 15, 2009, by and among Mercantile Bank Corporation, Mercantile Bank of Michigan, Michael H. Price, Robert B. Kaminski, Jr. and Charles E. Christmas is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.3 of our Form 8-K filed May 15, 2009 * Form of Waiver executed by each of Michael H. Price, Robert B. Kaminski, Jr. and Charles E. Christmas is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.4 of our Form 8-K filed May 15, 2009 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock of Mercantile Bank Corporation, dated May 15, 2009 is incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.2 of our Form 8-K filed May 15, 2009 Letter Agreement dated April 4, 2012 between the United States Department of the Treasury and Mercantile Bank Corporation relating to Mercantile’’s repurchase of 10,500 shares of its Preferred Stock is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of our Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2012 Letter Agreement dated June 6, 2012 between the United States Department of the Treasury and Mercantile Bank Corporation relating to Mercantile’’s repurchase of 10,500 shares of its Preferred Stock is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 of our Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2012 Letter dated June 27, 2012 from the United States Department of the Treasury to Mercantile Bank Corporation relating to Mercantile’’s repurchase of its Warrant for 616,438 shares of common stock is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.3 of our Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2012 Letter Agreement dated July 3, 2012 between the United States Department of the Treasury and Mercantile Bank Corporation relating to Mercantile’’s repurchase of its Warrant for 616,438 shares of common stock is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.4 of our Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2012 28. EXHIBIT NO. EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION 10.49 10.50 21 23 31 32.1 32.2 99.1 101 2012 Mercantile Senior Executive Officer Bonus Plan for Michael H. Price is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed July 5, 2012 * 2012 Mercantile Senior Executive Officer Bonus Plan for Robert B. Kaminski, Jr. and Charles E. Christmas is incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 of our Form 8-K filed July 5, 2012 * Subsidiaries of the company Consent of BDO USA, LLP Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications Section 1350 Chief Executive Officer Certification Section 1350 Chief Financial Officer Certification Certification of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer relating to our participation in the Capital Purchase Program of the Troubled Asset Relief Program The following information from Mercantile’’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ** * Management contract or compensatory plan. ** Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections. (c) Financial Statements Not Included In Annual Report Not applicable 29. MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION FINANCIAL INFORMATION December 31, 2012 and 2011 F-1 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION FINANCIAL INFORMATION December 31, 2012 and 2011 CONTENTS SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ........................................................................................................................ F-3 MANAGEMENT’’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ........................................................................................................................... F-4 REPORTS OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ............................................ F-36 REPORT BY MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION’’S MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING ................................................................................................ F-38 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ..................................................................................................... F-39 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS .............................................................................. F-40 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME .................................................... F-42 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY .............................. F-43 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS ............................................................................. F-46 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ................................................................... F-48 F-2 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 2012 2011 2010 (Dollars in thousands except per share data) 2009 2008 Consolidated Results of Operations: Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Noninterest income Noninterest expense Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) Income tax expense (benefit) Net income (loss) Preferred stock dividends and accretion Net income (loss) attributable to common shares Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Total assets Cash and cash equivalents Securities Loans Allowance for loan losses Bank owned life insurance $ 59,917 $ 13,216 46,701 (3,100) 7,994 39,624 18,171 5,636 12,535 1,030 $ 11,505 $ 71,069 19,832 51,237 6,900 7,282 41,495 10,124 (27,361) 37,485 1,343 36,142 $ 88,143 $ 104,909 $ 121,072 74,863 46,209 21,200 7,282 42,126 (9,835) (4,876) (4,959) 0 $ (14,611) $ (52,889) $ (4,959) 53,576 51,333 59,000 7,558 46,488 (46,597) 5,490 (52,087) 802 31,794 56,349 31,800 9,244 47,156 (13,363) (47) (13,316) 1,295 $1,422,926 $1,433,229 $1,632,421 $1,906,208 $2,208,010 25,804 21,735 64,198 235,175 242,787 257,384 1,262,630 1,539,818 1,856,915 27,108 42,462 136,003 150,275 1,041,189 28,677 50,048 76,372 184,953 1,072,422 36,532 48,520 45,368 46,743 47,878 45,024 Deposits Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Federal Home Loan Bank advances Subordinated debentures Shareholders’’ equity 1,135,204 64,765 35,000 32,990 146,590 1,112,075 72,569 45,000 32,990 164,999 1,273,832 1,401,627 1,599,575 94,413 116,979 270,000 65,000 32,990 32,990 174,372 125,936 99,755 205,000 32,990 140,104 Consolidated Financial Ratios: Return on average assets Return on average shareholders’’ equity Average shareholders’’ equity to average assets 0.82% 7.51% 10.90% 2.36% 27.28% 8.66% (0.80%) (10.62%) 7.56% (2.51%) (29.91%) 8.40% (0.23%) (2.87%) 8.01% Nonperforming loans to total loans Allowance for loan losses to total loans 1.82% 2.75% 4.20% 3.41% 5.50% 3.59% 5.52% 3.11% 2.66% 1.46% Tier 1 leverage capital Tier 1 leverage risk-based capital Total risk-based capital 11.31% 13.37% 14.63% 12.09% 14.19% 15.46% 9.09% 11.17% 12.45% 8.64% 9.92% 11.18% 9.17% 9.68% 10.93% Per Common Share Data: Net income (loss): Basic Diluted Book value at end of period Dividends declared Dividend payout ratio $ 1.33 $ 1.30 4.20 4.07 $ (1.72) $ (1.72) (6.23) $ (6.23) (0.59) (0.59) 16.84 0.09 6.73% 16.73 0.00 NA 12.20 0.01 NA 13.86 0.07 NA 20.29 0.31 NA F-3 MANAGEMENT’’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS The following discussion and other portions of this Annual Report contain forward-looking statements that are based on management’’s beliefs, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about the financial services industry, the economy, and about our company. Words such as ““anticipates,”” ““believes,”” ““estimates,”” ““expects,”” ““forecasts,”” ““intends,”” ““is likely,”” ““plans,”” ““projects,”” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions (““Future Factors””) that are difficult to predict with regard to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence. Therefore, actual results and outcomes may materially differ from what may be expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update, amend, or clarify forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events (whether anticipated or unanticipated), or otherwise. Future Factors include, among others, changes in interest rates and interest rate relationships; demand for products and services; the degree of competition by traditional and non-traditional competitors; changes in banking regulation or actions by bank regulators; changes in tax laws; changes in prices, levies, and assessments; impact of technological advances; governmental and regulatory policy changes; outcomes of contingencies; trends in customer behavior as well as their ability to repay loans; changes in local real estate values; changes in the national and local economies; and other risk factors described in Item 1A of this Annual Report. These are representative of the Future Factors that could cause a difference between an ultimate actual outcome and a forward-looking statement. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Management’’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (““Management’’s Discussion and Analysis””) is based on Mercantile Bank Corporation’’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and income tax accounting, and actual results could differ from those estimates. Management has reviewed the analyses with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Allowance For Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses (““allowance””) is maintained at a level we believe is adequate to absorb probable incurred losses identified and inherent in the loan portfolio. Our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is an estimate based on past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, guidance from bank regulatory agencies, and assessments of the impact of current and anticipated economic conditions on the loan portfolio. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in our judgment, should be charged-off. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when we believe the uncollectability of a loan is likely. The balance of the allowance represents our best estimate, but significant downturns in circumstances relating to loan quality or economic conditions could result in a requirement for an increased allowance in the future. Likewise, an upturn in loan quality or improved economic conditions may result in a decline in the required allowance in the future. In either instance, unanticipated changes could have a significant impact on operating earnings. F-4 The allowance is increased through a provision charged to operating expense. Uncollectable loans are charged-off through the allowance. Recoveries of loans previously charged-off are added to the allowance. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that contractual principal and interest payments will not be collected either for the amounts or by the dates as scheduled in the loan agreement. Impairment is evaluated in aggregate for smaller- balance loans of similar nature such as residential mortgage, consumer and credit card loans, and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’’s existing interest rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. The timing of obtaining outside appraisals varies, generally depending on the nature and complexity of the property being evaluated, general breadth of activity within the marketplace and the age of the most recent appraisal. For collateral dependent impaired loans, in most cases we obtain and use the ““as is”” value as indicated in the appraisal report, adjusting for any expected selling costs. In certain circumstances, we may internally update outside appraisals based on recent information impacting a particular or similar property, or due to identifiable trends (e.g., recent sales of similar properties) within our markets. The expected future cash flows exclude potential cash flows from certain guarantors. To the extent these guarantors are able to provide repayments, a recovery would be recorded upon receipt. Loans are evaluated for impairment when payments are delayed, typically 30 days or more, or when serious deficiencies are identified within the credit relationship. Our policy for recognizing income on impaired loans is to accrue interest unless a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. We put loans into nonaccrual status when the full collection of principal and interest is not expected. Income Tax Accounting: Current income tax liabilities or assets are established for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year. In the preparation of income tax returns, tax positions are taken based on interpretation of federal and state income tax laws for which the outcome may be uncertain. We periodically review and evaluate the status of our tax positions and make adjustments as necessary. Deferred income tax liabilities and assets are also established for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. A deferred income tax liability or asset is recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences that can be carried forward (used) in future years. The valuation of our net deferred income tax asset is considered critical as it requires us to make estimates based on provisions of the enacted tax laws. The assessment of the realizability of the net deferred income tax asset involves the use of estimates, assumptions, interpretations and judgments concerning accounting pronouncements, federal and state tax codes and the extent of future taxable income. There can be no assurance that future events, such as court decisions, positions of federal and state taxing authorities, and the extent of future taxable income will not differ from our current assessment, the impact of which could be significant to the consolidated results of operations and reported earnings. Accounting guidance requires us to assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a ““more likely than not”” standard. In making such judgments, we consider both positive and negative evidence and analyze changes in near-term market conditions as well as other factors that may impact future operating results. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. During 2011, we returned to pre-tax profitability for four consecutive quarters. Additionally, we experienced lower provision expense, continued declines in nonperforming assets and problem asset administration costs, a higher net interest margin, a further strengthening of our regulatory capital ratios and additional reductions in wholesale funding. This positive evidence allowed us to conclude that, as of December 31, 2011, it was more likely than not that we returned to sustainable profitability in amounts sufficient to allow for realization of our deferred tax assets in future years. Consequently, we reversed the valuation allowance that we had previously determined necessary to carry against our entire net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. F-5 INTRODUCTION This Management’’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report. This discussion provides information about the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Mercantile Bank Corporation and its consolidated subsidiary, Mercantile Bank of Michigan (““our bank””), and of Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company, LLC (““our mortgage company””), Mercantile Bank Real Estate Co., L.L.C. (““our real estate company””) and Mercantile Insurance Center, Inc. (““our insurance company””), which were subsidiaries of our bank as of December 31, 2012. Unless the text clearly suggests otherwise, references to ““us,”” ““we,”” ““our,”” or ““the company”” include Mercantile Bank Corporation and its wholly- owned subsidiaries referred to above. We were incorporated on July 15, 1997 as a bank holding company to establish and own our bank. Our bank, after receiving all necessary regulatory approvals, began operations on December 15, 1997. Our bank has a strong commitment to community banking and offers a wide range of financial products and services, primarily to small- to medium-sized businesses, as well as individuals. Our bank’’s lending strategy focuses on commercial lending, and, to a lesser extent, residential mortgage and consumer lending. Our bank also offers a broad array of deposit products, including checking, savings, money market, and certificates of deposit, as well as security repurchase agreements. Our primary markets are the Grand Rapids, Holland and Lansing areas. Our bank utilizes deposits from customers located outside of our primary market areas to assist in funding assets. We formed a business trust, Mercantile Bank Capital Trust I (““our trust””), in 2004 to issue trust preferred securities. We issued subordinated debentures to our trust in return for the proceeds raised from the issuance of the trust preferred securities. In accordance with accounting guidelines, our trust is not consolidated, but instead we report the subordinated debentures issued to our trust as a liability. Our mortgage company’’s predecessor, Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company, was formed to increase the profitability and efficiency of our mortgage loan operations. Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company initiated business on October 24, 2000 from our bank’’s contribution of most of its residential mortgage loan portfolio and participation interests in certain commercial mortgage loans. On the same date, our bank had also transferred its residential mortgage origination function to Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company. On January 1, 2004, Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company was reorganized as Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company, LLC, a limited liability company. Mortgage loans originated and held by our mortgage company were serviced by our bank pursuant to a servicing agreement. Effective January 1, 2013, we dissolved the mortgage company to streamline the administration of our mortgage business. A cash amount commensurate with its 1% ownership interest was distributed to the insurance company. The remaining assets of the mortgage company were assigned to our bank. We anticipate the business that was formerly conducted by the mortgage company to be performed by our bank in its ordinary course and do not expect the dissolution to materially impact our financial position or results of operation. Our insurance company acquired, at nominal cost, an existing shelf insurance agency effective April 15, 2002. An Agency and Institution Agreement was entered into among our insurance company, our bank and Hub International for the purpose of providing programs of mass marketed personal lines of insurance. Insurance product offerings include private passenger automobile, homeowners, personal inland marine, boat owners, recreational vehicle, dwelling fire, umbrella policies, small business and life insurance products, all of which are provided by and written through companies that have appointed Hub International as their agent. There was only nominal activity at our insurance company during the past three years. Our real estate company was organized on July 21, 2003, principally to develop, construct and own our facility in downtown Grand Rapids which serves as our bank’’s main office and Mercantile Bank Corporation’’s headquarters. Construction was completed during the second quarter of 2005. F-6 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW Our operating performance and financial condition continued to improve during 2012. Over the past several years, especially in 2008 through 2010, our earnings performance had been negatively impacted by substantial provisions to the allowance and problem asset administration costs. Ongoing state, regional and national economic struggles negatively impacted some of our borrowers’’ cash flows and underlying collateral values, leading to increased nonperforming assets, higher loan charge-offs and increased overall credit risk within our loan portfolio. We have worked with our borrowers to develop constructive dialogue to strengthen our relationships and enhance our ability to resolve complex issues. We have experienced significant improvement in our asset quality during 2011 and 2012, resulting in substantially lower provisions to the allowance and problem asset administration costs. Although improving, economic conditions remain stressed in many sectors, most notably in non-owner occupied commercial real estate markets. While we have increased our sales efforts to grow the commercial loan portfolio, we will remain vigilant as to the administration and quality of our loan portfolio. We recorded a net profit during 2012 and 2011, after recording net losses during the prior three years. Significantly improved asset quality has resulted in lower provision expense and problem asset administration costs. In addition, our improved earnings performance reflects the many positive steps we have taken over the past five years to not only mitigate the impact of asset quality-related costs in the near term, but to establish an improved foundation for our longer-term performance as well. First, our net interest margin has improved as we have lowered local deposit rates and have replaced maturing high-rate deposits and borrowed funds with lower-costing funds, which has more than offset a decline in asset yields primarily due to a lower interest rate environment. Our commercial loan pricing initiatives have significantly mitigated the negative impact of a relatively high level of nonaccrual loans. In addition, we have increased our local deposit balances, reflecting the successful implementation of various initiatives, campaigns and product enhancements. The local deposit growth, combined with the reduction of loans outstanding, have provided for a substantial reduction of, and reliance on, wholesale funds and a reduction in our cost of funds. Lastly, our regulatory capital position remains strong. The positive impact from the improved operating performance and financial condition on our capital ratios provided us the opportunity to fully exit from the Treasury’’s Capital Purchase Program via the repurchase of the preferred stock and common stock warrant during 2012. Our asset quality metrics remain on an improving trend, and we are optimistic that the positive trend will continue. In aggregate dollar amounts, nonperforming asset levels have declined almost 78% since the peak level at March 31, 2010, and at year-end 2012 were at the lowest level since September 30, 2007. Progress in the stabilization of economic and real estate market conditions has resulted in numerous loan rating upgrades and significantly lower volumes of loan rating downgrades, which when combined with increasing recoveries of prior loan charge-offs, have provided for a substantially lower provision expense during the past two years. FINANCIAL CONDITION Reflecting strategies employed in regards to our financial condition, loan portfolio composition and the ongoing weak economic environments within our markets, we aggressively shrunk our balance sheet during the years of 2011, 2010 and 2009. Total assets declined $774.8 million, or 35.1%, during that time period. The decline in total assets was primarily comprised of a $784.5 million decrease in total loans and a $57.8 million decrease in securities. Reflecting our decision to increase on balance sheet liquidity, federal funds sold increased $45.4 million. Total deposits declined $487.5 million and Federal Home Loan Bank (““FHLB””) advances decreased $225.0 million during that three-year time period. Total assets declined from $1.43 billion on December 31, 2011 to $1.42 billion on December 31, 2012, representing a relatively small decrease in total assets of $10.3 million, or 0.7%. Total loans decreased $31.2 million and securities declined $34.7 million, while federal funds sold increased $50.6 million. Total deposits increased $23.1 million, while FHLB advances decreased $10.0 million. Although total loans declined on a net basis, we funded approximately $176 million in new commercial loans during 2012. With our improved financial condition, a pruned commercial loan portfolio and a stabilized economic environment, we significantly enhanced our commercial lending sales efforts during the year. F-7 Earning Assets Average earning assets equaled 91.7% of average total assets during 2012, compared to 94.3% during 2011. The decline during 2012 is in large part due to an increase in nonearning assets resulting from the elimination of the valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset at year-end 2011. The loan portfolio continued to comprise a majority of earning assets, followed by securities, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits; however, during 2012, as in 2011 and 2010, securities, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits comprised a larger percentage of earning assets compared to prior periods, primarily reflecting our decision to operate with a larger volume of on- balance sheet liquidity given market conditions. Average total loans equaled 81.4% of average earning assets in 2012, compared to 79.6% in 2011 and 81.8% in 2010. Meanwhile, average securities, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits equaled a combined 18.6% of average earning assets in 2012, compared to 20.4% in 2011 and 18.2% in 2010. During 2008, 2007, and 2006, a period that reflects our historical balance sheet composition, average loans comprised about 89% of average earning assets. Our loan portfolio is primarily comprised of commercial loans. Commercial loans declined by $28.4 million during 2012, and at December 31, 2012, totaled $968.5 million, or 93.0% of the total loan portfolio. The decline, which is net of about $176 million in new commercial loans funded during the year, is a much smaller decline than what we experienced during the previous three years. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, we had made a concerted effort to reduce exposure to certain non-owner occupied commercial real estate (““CRE””) lending, and the sluggishness in business activity in our markets resulted in fewer opportunities to make quality loans. Starting in early 2012, with a pruned commercial loan portfolio and stabilized economic conditions, we significantly enhanced our sales efforts. During 2012, commercial loans collateralized by non-owner occupied CRE declined $32.6 million, compared to a reduction of $299.3 million during the previous three years. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, we employed a systematic approach to reducing our exposure to certain non-owner occupied CRE lending given the nature of CRE lending and depressed economic conditions. We believed that such a reduction was in our best interest when taking into account the increased inherent credit risk and nominal deposit balances associated with targeted borrowing relationships. Our commercial and industrial (““C&I””) loan portfolio increased $18.8 million during 2012, in large part reflecting new borrowing relationships established during the year. Commercial line of credit usage from existing borrowing relationships was relatively steady during 2012, but we would expect to see higher commercial line of credit usage, along with increased equipment financing requests, when economic conditions further improve. Also during 2012, commercial loans collateralized by owner-occupied real estate declined $7.4 million and commercial loans related to residential land development and construction decreased by $5.9 million. The commercial loan portfolio represents loans to businesses generally located within our market areas. Approximately 71% of the commercial loan portfolio is primarily secured by real estate properties, with the remaining generally secured by other business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment. The continued concentration of the loan portfolio in commercial loans is consistent with our strategy of focusing a substantial amount of our efforts on commercial banking. Corporate and business lending is an area of expertise for our senior management team, and our commercial lenders have extensive commercial lending experience, with most having at least ten years’’ experience. Of each of the loan categories that we originate, commercial loans are most efficiently originated and managed, thus limiting overhead costs by necessitating the attention of fewer employees. Our commercial lending business generates the largest portion of local deposits and is our primary source of demand deposits. F-8 The following table summarizes our loans secured by real estate, excluding residential mortgage loans representing permanent financing of owner occupied dwellings and home equity lines of credit: 12/31/12 12/31/11 12/31/10 12/31/09 12/31/08 Residential-Related: Vacant Land $ 5,517,000 $ 5,399,000 $ 8,660,000 $ 10,185,000 $ 11,317,000 Land Development Construction 12,496,000 3,440,000 21,453,000 17,007,000 4,923,000 27,329,000 28,147,000 5,621,000 42,428,000 34,027,000 7,199,000 51,411,000 54,055,000 16,839,000 82,211,000 Commercial Non-Owner Occupied: Vacant Land Land Development Construction 7,903,000 13,153,000 7,723,000 10,555,000 14,486,000 13,615,000 14,293,000 17,807,000 31,827,000 Commercial Buildings 354,061,000 376,805,000 489,371,000 382,840,000 415,461,000 553,298,000 Commercial Owner Occupied: Construction Other 4,939,000 6,040,000 4,213,000 7,725,000 672,000 8,541,000 Commercial Buildings 262,045,000 268,479,000 282,388,000 273,024,000 280,417,000 291,601,000 25,549,000 19,402,000 65,697,000 537,891,000 648,539,000 29,269,000 24,629,000 102,464,000 558,360,000 714,722,000 1,404,000 9,280,000 324,451,000 335,135,000 9,344,000 10,057,000 370,099,000 389,500,000 Total $ 677,317,000 $ 723,207,000 $ 887,327,000 $ 1,035,085,000 $ 1,186,433,000 Residential mortgage loans and consumer loans declined in aggregate $2.8 million during 2012, and at December 31, 2012, totaled $72.7 million, or 7.0% of the total loan portfolio. Although the residential mortgage loan and consumer loan portfolios may increase in future periods, we expect the commercial sector of the lending efforts and resultant assets to remain the dominant loan portfolio category. The following table presents total loans outstanding as of December 31, 2012, according to scheduled repayments of principal on fixed rate loans and repricing frequency on variable rate loans. Floating rate loans that are currently at interest rate floors, comprising a majority of our floating rate commercial loans, are treated as fixed rate loans and are reflected using maturity date and not repricing frequency. Less Than One Year One Through Five Years More Than Five Years Total Construction and land development $ 34,823,000 $ 27,762,000 $ 2,001,000 $ 64,586,000 Real estate - residential properties Real estate - multi-family properties Real estate - commercial properties Commercial and industrial Consumer Total loans Fixed rate loans Floating rate loans Total loans 39,578,000 3,080,000 152,716,000 186,695,000 2,379,000 30,034,000 29,198,000 413,993,000 82,490,000 1,027,000 14,677,000 286,000 14,852,000 5,320,000 278,000 84,289,000 32,564,000 581,561,000 274,505,000 3,684,000 $ 419,271,000 $ 584,504,000 $ 37,414,000 $ 1,041,189,000 $ 277,326,000 $ 579,920,000 $ 36,627,000 $ 893,873,000 141,946,000 4,584,000 786,000 147,316,000 $ 419,272,000 $ 584,504,000 $ 37,413,000 $ 1,041,189,000 F-9 Our credit policies establish guidelines to manage credit risk and asset quality. These guidelines include loan review and early identification of problem loans to provide effective loan portfolio administration. The credit policies and procedures are meant to minimize the risk and uncertainties inherent in lending. In following these policies and procedures, we must rely on estimates, appraisals and evaluations of loans and the possibility that changes in these could occur quickly because of changing economic conditions. Identified problem loans, which exhibit characteristics (financial or otherwise) that could cause the loans to become nonperforming or require restructuring in the future, are included on the internal ““watch list.”” Senior management and the Board of Directors review this list regularly. Market value estimates of collateral on impaired loans, as well as on foreclosed and repossessed assets, are reviewed periodically; however, we have a process in place to monitor whether value estimates at each quarter-end are reflective of current market conditions. Our credit policies establish criteria for obtaining appraisals and determining internal value estimates. We may also adjust outside and internal valuations based on identifiable trends within our markets, such as recent sales of similar properties or assets, listing prices and offers received. In addition, we may discount certain appraised and internal value estimates to address distressed market conditions. Our asset quality improved significantly during 2012, and has now been on an improving trend over the past three years. Nonperforming assets, comprised of nonaccrual loans and foreclosed properties, totaled $25.9 million as of December 31, 2012, compared to $111.7 million at December 31, 2009. The level of nonperforming assets began to increase during 2007, with ongoing and significant increases during 2008 and 2009. The increases primarily reflected the impact of poor economic conditions and the resulting negative impact on many of our commercial borrowers’’ operating results and financial condition, but were also indicative of our aggressive posture and conservative loan administration practices in regards to measuring borrower financial strength and assigning loan grades on the entire commercial loan portfolio, and developing workout strategies for financially-troubled borrowers. Since 2009, the level of additions to the nonperforming asset category has declined significantly, while the level of interest in, and sales of, foreclosed properties and assets securing nonperforming loans has increased substantially. The resulting impact of our loan administration strategies, combined with a stabilization of economic conditions, have provided for significant improvement in our asset quality and have given us guarded optimism that the momentum will continue into future periods. The substantial and rapid country-wide collapse of the residential real estate market that started in 2007 had a significant negative impact on the residential real estate development lending portion of our business. The resulting decline in real estate prices and slowdown in sales stretched the cash flow of our local developers and eroded the value of our underlying collateral, which caused elevated levels of nonperforming assets and net loan charge-offs. From the period of 2007 through most of 2011, we witnessed stressed economic conditions in Michigan and throughout the country. The resulting decline in business revenue negatively impacted the cash flows of many of our borrowers, some to the point where loan payments became past due. In addition, real estate prices had fallen significantly, thereby exposing us to larger-than-typical losses in those instances where the sale of collateral was the primary source of repayment. Also during this time, we saw deterioration in guarantors’’ financial capacities to fund deficient cash flows and reduce or eliminate collateral deficiencies. Throughout 2008, we experienced a rapid deterioration in a number of commercial loan relationships which previously had been performing satisfactorily. Analyses of certain commercial borrowers revealed a reduced capability on the part of these borrowers to make required payments as indicated by factors such as delinquent loan payments, diminished cash flow, deteriorating financial performance, or past due property taxes, and in the case of commercial and residential development projects slow absorption or sales trends. In addition, commercial real estate is the primary source of collateral for many of these borrowing relationships and updated evaluations and appraisals in many cases reflected significant declines from the original estimated values. Throughout 2009, 2010 and 2011, we saw a continuation of the stresses caused by the poor economic conditions, especially in the non-owner occupied CRE markets. High vacancy rates or slow absorption resulted in inadequate cash flow generated from some real estate projects we had financed, and required guarantors to provide personal funds to make full contractual loan payments and pay other operating costs. In some cases, the guarantors’’ cash and other liquid reserves became seriously diminished. In other cases, sale of the collateral, either by the borrower or us, was our primary source of repayment. F-10 As of December 31, 2012, nonperforming assets totaled $25.9 million, or 1.8% of total assets, compared to $60.4 million (4.2% of total assets), $86.1 million (5.3% of total assets) and $111.7 million (5.9% of total assets) as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The reductions primarily reflect principal payments and charge- offs on nonaccruals loans, as well as sales proceeds and valuation write-downs on foreclosed properties. The $34.4 million reduction during 2012 and the $85.7 million reduction during the three-year period ended December 31, 2012 equate to declines of 57.0% and 76.8%, respectively. Nonperforming loans and foreclosed properties associated with the development of residential-related real estate totaled $2.8 million as of December 31, 2012, reflecting reductions of $4.0 million and $29.0 million during 2012 and the three-year period ended December 31, 2012, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, nonperforming loans secured by, and foreclosed properties consisting of, non-owner occupied CRE properties totaled $13.2 million, reflecting reductions of $16.9 million and $25.2 million since year-end 2011 and year-end 2009, respectively. In addition, nonperforming loans secured by, and foreclosed properties associated with, owner occupied CRE declined $7.1 million during 2012 and $16.4 million during the three-year period ended December 31, 2012, while nonperforming commercial loans secured by non-real estate assets declined $2.3 million and $9.0 million during the respective time periods. The following table provides a breakdown of nonperforming assets by property type: 12/31/12 12/31/11 12/31/10 12/31/09 12/31/08 Residential Real Estate: Land Development $ 2,362,000 $ 5,479,000 $ 14,547,000 $ 19,722,000 $ 14,273,000 Construction Owner Occupied / Rental 476,000 4,812,000 1,397,000 7,138,000 2,333,000 9,454,000 12,103,000 11,040,000 7,493,000 4,160,000 7,650,000 14,014,000 26,334,000 39,318,000 29,473,000 Commercial Real Estate: Land Development 789,000 2,111,000 2,454,000 Construction 0 409,000 0 2,971,000 1,268,000 2,234,000 0 Owner Occupied 3,534,000 10,642,000 14,740,000 19,918,000 6,495,000 Non-Owner Occupied 13,232,000 30,106,000 34,209,000 38,417,000 14,055,000 17,555,000 43,268,000 51,403,000 62,574,000 22,784,000 Non-Real Estate: Commercial Assets Consumer Assets 734,000 1,000 735,000 3,060,000 8,221,000 9,758,000 5,134,000 14,000 161,000 8,000 30,000 3,074,000 8,382,000 9,766,000 5,164,000 Total $ 25,940,000 $ 60,356,000 $ 86,119,000 $ 111,658,000 $ 57,421,000 The following table provides a reconciliation of nonperforming assets during the past four years: 2012 2011 2010 2009 Beginning balance Additions $ 60,356,000 $ 86,119,000 $ 111,658,000 $ 57,421,000 16,806,000 24,254,000 60,662,000 112,636,000 Returns to performing status (774,000) (766,000) (11,124,000) (1,203,000) Principal payments Sale proceeds Loan charge-offs Valuation write-downs (25,095,000) (24,795,000) (24,213,000) (19,115,000) (16,916,000) (10,340,000) (13,969,000) (6,918,000) (5,233,000) (11,559,000) (31,772,000) (27,434,000) (3,204,000) (2,557,000) (5,123,000) (3,729,000) Total $ 25,940,000 $ 60,356,000 $ 86,119,000 $ 111,658,000 F-11 The level of net loan charge-offs has declined significantly over the past two years in comparison to what we recorded during 2010 and 2009. The reduction primarily reflects a decline in nonperforming loans and an increase in the level of recoveries on prior period loan losses. During 2012, net loan charge-offs totaled $4.8 million, or 0.5% of average total loans. This level represents a significant decline from the $15.7 million (1.4% of average total loans), $34.3 million (2.4% of average total loans) and $38.2 million (2.2% of average total loans) charged-off during 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Loan loss recoveries totaled $7.9 million during 2012 and $4.2 million during 2011, reflecting an increasing trend since 2008. While we are optimistic that we will see further declines in net loan charge-offs in future periods, net loan charge-offs in at least the next few quarters may remain elevated from historical averages. The following table provides a breakdown of net loan charge-offs by collateral type during the past five years: 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 Residential Real Estate: Land Development $ (114,000) $ 2,644,000 $ 4,246,000 $ 4,355,000 $ 2,624,000 Construction Owner Occupied / Rental 10,000 469,000 365,000 (110,000) 4,016,000 6,550,000 1,502,000 2,065,000 5,050,000 3,647,000 7,813,000 13,052,000 604,000 2,850,000 6,078,000 Commercial Real Estate: Land Development 167,000 (163,000) 1,870,000 119,000 1,599,000 Construction Owner Occupied Non-Owner Occupied Non-Real Estate: 0 1,230,000 4,021,000 5,418,000 0 2,241,000 5,104,000 660,000 4,952,000 13,943,000 0 3,062,000 9,407,000 7,182,000 21,425,000 12,588,000 0 789,000 5,710,000 8,098,000 Commercial Assets (1,016,000) 1,861,000 5,018,000 12,413,000 5,688,000 Consumer Assets (12,000) 143,000 54,000 177,000 42,000 (1,028,000) 2,004,000 5,072,000 12,590,000 5,730,000 Total $ 4,755,000 $ 15,736,000 $ 34,310,000 $ 38,230,000 $ 19,906,000 F-12 The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for loan losses for the past five years: 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 Loans outstanding at year-end $ 1,041,189,000 $ 1,072,422,000 $ 1,262,630,000 $ 1,539,818,000 $ 1,856,915,000 Daily average balance of loans outstanding during the year $ 1,049,315,000 $ 1,148,671,000 $ 1,412,555,000 $ 1,704,335,000 $ 1,829,686,000 Balance of allowance at beginning of year $ 36,532,000 $ 45,368,000 $ 47,878,000 $ 27,108,000 $ 25,814,000 Loans charged-off: Commercial, financial and agricultural (11,312,000) (12,373,000) (25,539,000) (25,978,000) (12,740,000) Construction and land development Residential real estate Instalment loans to individuals (348,000) (938,000) (46,000) (2,919,000) (4,422,000) (183,000) (9,273,000) (2,242,000) (74,000) (9,606,000) (3,797,000) (240,000) (4,835,000) (2,900,000) (119,000) Total charge-offs (12,644,000) (19,897,000) (37,128,000) (39,621,000) (20,594,000) Recoveries of previously charged-off loans: Commercial, financial and agricultural 7,077,000 3,186,000 1,637,000 1,145,000 Construction and land development Residential real estate Instalment loans to individuals 285,000 469,000 58,000 441,000 513,000 21,000 995,000 178,000 8,000 81,000 150,000 15,000 Total recoveries 7,889,000 4,161,000 2,818,000 1,391,000 603,000 8,000 51,000 26,000 688,000 Net loan charge-offs (4,755,000) (15,736,000) (34,310,000) (38,230,000) (19,906,000) Provision for loan losses (3,100,000) 6,900,000 31,800,000 59,000,000 21,200,000 Balance of allowance at year-end $ 28,677,000 $ 36,532,000 $ 45,368,000 $ 47,878,000 $ 27,108,000 Ratio of net loan charge-offs during the year to average loans outstanding during the year (0.45%) (1.37%) (2.43%) (2.24%) (1.09%) Ratio of allowance to loans outstanding at year-end 2.75% 3.41% 3.59% 3.11% 1.46% F-13 The following table illustrates the breakdown of the allowance balance by loan type (dollars in thousands) and of the total loan portfolio (in percentages): 12/31/2012 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 Amount Loan Portfolio Amount Loan Portfolio Amount Loan Portfolio Amount Loan Portfolio Amount Loan Portfolio Commercial, financial and agricultural Construction and land development Residential real estate Instalment loans to individuals $ 22,657 83.3% $ 28,913 83.3% $ 32,645 81.5% $ 37,639 80.1% $ 20,211 78.0% 2,246 7.5 3,484 7.5 7,019 9.3 6,566 11.4 5,137 14.1 3,646 8.8 3,895 8.8 5,495 8.8 3,517 8.1 1,656 7.6 139 0.4 158 0.4 172 0.4 156 0.4 104 0.3 Unallocated (11) 0.0 82 0.0 37 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Total $ 28,677 100.0% $ 36,532 100.0% $ 45,368 100.0% $ 47,878 100.0% $ 27,108 100.0% In each accounting period, we adjust the allowance to the amount we believe is necessary to maintain the allowance at an adequate level. Through the loan review and credit departments, we establish specific portions of the allowance based on specifically identifiable problem loans. The evaluation of the allowance is further based on, but not limited to, consideration of the internally prepared Allowance Analysis, loan loss migration analysis, composition of the loan portfolio, third party analysis of the loan administration processes and portfolio, and general economic conditions. The Allowance Analysis applies reserve allocation factors to non-impaired outstanding loan balances, the result of which is combined with specific reserves to calculate an overall allowance dollar amount. For non-impaired commercial loans, which continue to comprise a vast majority of our total loans, reserve allocation factors are based upon loan ratings as determined by our standardized grade paradigms and by loan purpose. We have divided our commercial loan portfolio into five classes: 1) commercial and industrial loans; 2) vacant land, land development and residential construction loans; 3) owner occupied real estate loans; 4) non-owner occupied real estate loans; and 5) multi-family and residential rental property loans. The reserve allocation factors are primarily based on the historical trends of net loan charge-offs through a migration analysis whereby net loan losses are tracked via assigned grades over various time periods, with adjustments made for environmental factors reflecting the current status of, or recent changes in, items such as: lending policies and procedures; economic conditions; nature and volume of the loan portfolio; experience, ability and depth of management and lending staff; volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and adversely classified loans; effectiveness of the loan review program; value of underlying collateral; lending concentrations; and other external factors, including competition and regulatory environment. Adjustments for specific lending relationships, particularly impaired loans, are made on a case-by-case basis. Non- impaired retail loan reserve allocations are determined in a similar fashion as those for non-impaired commercial loans, except that retail loans are segmented by type of credit and not a grading system. We regularly review the Allowance Analysis and make adjustments periodically based upon identifiable trends and experience. A migration analysis is completed quarterly to assist us in determining appropriate reserve allocation factors for non-impaired commercial loans. Our migration takes into account various time periods, and while we have historically generally placed most weight on the eight-quarter time frame, consideration was given to the other time periods as part of our assessment. Given the stabilizing loan losses experienced in recent quarters in comparison to loan losses recorded in the more stressed economic conditions in earlier time periods, we decided to transition from the eight-quarter time frame to a longer twelve-quarter time frame during 2012. We believe the twelve-quarter period represents a more appropriate range of economic conditions, and that it provides for a more relevant basis in determining reserve allocation factors given current economic conditions and the general consensus of economic conditions in the near future. F-14 Although the migration analysis provides an accurate historical accounting of our net loan losses, it is not able to fully account for environmental factors that will also very likely impact the collectability of our commercial loans as of any quarter-end date. Therefore, we incorporate the environmental factors as adjustments to the historical data. Environmental factors include both internal and external items. We believe the most significant internal environmental factor is our credit culture and the relative aggressiveness in assigning and revising commercial loan risk ratings. Although we have been consistent in our approach to commercial loan ratings, the stressed economic conditions of the past several years have resulted in an even higher sense of aggressiveness with regards to the downgrading of lending relationships. For example, we made revisions to our grading paradigms in early 2009 that mathematically resulted in commercial loan relationships being more quickly downgraded when signs of stress are noted, such as slower sales activity for construction and land development commercial real estate relationships and reduced operating performance/cash flow coverage for commercial and industrial relationships. These changes, coupled with the stressed economic environment, resulted in significant downgrades and the need for substantial provisions to the allowance during the three-year period ended December 31, 2010. To more effectively manage our commercial loan portfolio, we also created a specific group tasked with managing our most distressed lending relationships. Coinciding with our transition from an eight-quarter loan loss migration analysis to a twelve-quarter loan loss migration analysis during 2012, we also transitioned from a 50-basis point environmental factor matrix to a 35-basis point environmental factor matrix. We believe this reduction was appropriate since extending the look back period of the loan loss migration analysis expands the level of environmental experience inherently included in the quantitative-based reserve allocation factors. This transition, along with typical periodic adjustments to the environmental factors, resulted in a net decrease of $1.5 million to the required loan loss reserve level as of December 31, 2012. The most significant external environmental factor is the assessment of the current economic environment and the resulting implications on our commercial loan portfolio. Currently, we believe conditions remain stressed for non- owner occupied CRE; however, recent data and performance reflect a level of stability, and in some cases improvement, in the other classes of our commercial loan portfolio. The primary risk elements with respect to commercial loans are the financial condition of the borrower, the sufficiency of collateral, and timeliness of scheduled payments. We have a policy of requesting and reviewing periodic financial statements from commercial loan customers, and we have a disciplined and formalized review of the existence of collateral and its value. The primary risk element with respect to each residential real estate loan and consumer loan is the timeliness of scheduled payments. We have a reporting system that monitors past due loans and have adopted policies to pursue creditor’’s rights in order to preserve our collateral position. Reflecting the stressed economic conditions and resulting negative impact on our loan portfolio, we substantially increased the allowance as a percent of the loan portfolio beginning in 2009. The allowance equaled $28.7 million, or 2.8% of total loans outstanding, as of December 31, 2012, compared to 3.4%, 3.6%, 3.1%, 1.5% and 1.4% at year-end 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. A significant portion of the decline in the level of the allowance to total loans outstanding during 2012 reflects the charge-off of specific reserves that were created in prior periods and the elimination and reduction of specific reserves due to successful collection efforts, while the remainder of the decline is primarily associated with commercial loan upgrades and reductions in many reserve allocation factors on non-impaired commercial loans resulting from the impact of lower net loan charge-offs in recent periods on our migration calculations. As of December 31, 2012, the allowance was comprised of $11.5 million in general reserves relating to non- impaired loans, $4.0 million in specific reserve allocations relating to nonaccrual loans, and $13.2 million in specific allocations on other loans, primarily accruing loans designated as troubled debt restructurings. Troubled debt restructurings totaled $50.8 million at December 31, 2012, consisting of $12.6 million that are on nonaccrual status and $38.2 million that are on accrual status. The latter, while considered and accounted for as impaired loans in accordance with accounting guidelines, is not included in our nonperforming loan totals. Impaired loans with an aggregate carrying value of $13.8 million as of December 31, 2012 had been subject to previous partial charge-offs aggregating $9.5 million. Those partial charge-offs were recorded as follows: $2.8 million in 2012, $3.2 million in 2011, $2.4 million in 2010 and $1.1 million in 2009. As of December 31, 2012, specific reserves allocated to impaired loans that had been subject to a previous partial charge-off totaled $0.2 million. F-15 Although we believe the allowance is adequate to absorb losses as they arise, there can be no assurance that we will not sustain losses in any given period that could be substantial in relation to, or greater than, the size of the allowance. Securities decreased $34.7 million during 2012, totaling $150.3 million as of December 31, 2012. The securities portfolio equaled 11.9% of average earning assets during 2012. Proceeds from called U.S. Government agency bonds during 2012 totaled $78.4 million, with another $11.7 million from principal paydowns on mortgage-backed securities, $7.1 million from called and matured tax-exempt municipal securities, and $5.4 million from paid-off and matured Michigan Strategic Fund bonds. Purchases during 2012, consisting almost exclusively of U.S. Government agency bonds, totaled $70.0 million. All of our securities, exclusive of FHLB stock, are currently designated as available for sale, and therefore are stated at fair value. The fair value of securities designated as available for sale at December 31, 2012 totaled $138.3 million, including a net unrealized gain of $3.7 million. We maintain the securities portfolio at levels to provide for required pledging purposes and secondary liquidity for daily operations. In addition, the portfolio serves a primary interest rate risk management function. The following table reflects the composition of the securities portfolio, excluding FHLB stock: 12/31/12 12/31/11 12/31/10 Carrying Value Percent Carrying Value Percent Carrying Value Percent U.S. Government agency debt obligations $ 79,098,000 57.2% $ 88,596,000 51.2% $ 121,562,000 55.1% Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Municipal general obligations 21,996,000 15.9 34,610,000 20.0 46,941,000 21.2 11,255,000 8.1 16,700,000 9.7 18,175,000 8.2 22,743,000 16.5 27,309,000 15.8 28,042,000 12.7 Municipal revenue bonds 1,817,000 1.3 4,423,000 2.5 4,843,000 2.2 Mutual funds 1,405,000 1.0 1,354,000 0.8 1,267,000 0.6 Totals $ 138,314,000 100.0% $ 172,992,000 100.0% $ 220,830,000 100.0% FHLB stock totaled $12.0 million as of December 31, 2012, unchanged from December 31, 2011. Our investment in FHLB stock is necessary to engage in their advance and other financing programs. We received cash dividends at an average rate of approximately 3.25%, 2.50% and 2.00% during 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and we expect a cash dividend will continue to be paid in future periods. Market values on our U.S. Government agency bonds, mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and tax-exempt general obligation and revenue municipal bonds are determined on a monthly basis with the assistance of a third party vendor. Evaluated pricing models that vary by type of security and incorporate available market data are utilized. Standard inputs include issuer and type of security, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes and issuer spreads. The market value of other securities is estimated at carrying value as those financial instruments are generally bought and sold at par value. We believe our valuation methodology provides for a reasonable estimation of market value, and that it is consistent with the requirements of accounting guidelines. Reference is made to Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. F-16 The following table shows by class of maturities as of December 31, 2012, the amounts and weighted average yields (on a fully taxable-equivalent basis) of investment securities: Obligations of U.S. Government agencies: One year or less Over one through five years Over five through ten years Over ten years Obligations of states and political subdivisions: One year or less Over one through five years Over five through ten years Over ten years Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Mutual funds Totals Carrying Value Average Yield $ 1,024,000 4.63% 2,138,000 20,027,000 55,909,000 79,098,000 1,009,000 1,703,000 7,002,000 14,846,000 24,560,000 21,996,000 11,255,000 1,405,000 5.12 2.11 3.72 3.36 6.08 6.60 6.02 6.21 6.18 5.19 1.74 3.03 $ 138,314,000 4.00% Federal funds sold, consisting of excess funds sold overnight to a correspondent bank, along with investments in interest-bearing deposits at correspondent and other banks, are used to manage daily liquidity needs and interest rate sensitivity. The average balance of these funds equaled 6.7%, 6.1%, 4.5% and 3.0% of average earning assets during 2012, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, considerably higher than the historical average of less than 1.0%. Given the stressed market and economic conditions, we made the decision in early 2009 to operate with a higher than traditional balance of federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits. Reflecting our improved operating performance and financial condition, we expect to modestly reduce the level of federal funds sold and interest- bearing deposits in 2013, likely to an average of 3.0% to 4.0% of average earning assets; however, until market and economic conditions return to more normalized levels, the average balance of federal funds sold and interest-bearing balances will likely remain above our historical average of less than 1.0%. Non-Earning Assets Cash and due from bank balances totaled $20.3 million at December 31, 2012, compared to $12.4 million on December 31, 2011. Cash and due from bank balances averaged $16.2 million during 2012, compared to $15.1 million during 2011. In comparison to the average balances, the relatively high balance as of December 31, 2012 and the relatively low balance on December 31, 2011 reflect typical daily deposit and withdrawal fluctuations from our business customers. Net premises and equipment decreased from $26.8 million at December 31, 2011, to $25.9 million on December 31, 2012, primarily reflecting depreciation expense. Purchases of premises and equipment during 2012 totaled $0.6 million. On December 30, 2009, all FDIC-insured financial institutions were required to pre-pay estimated FDIC deposit insurance assessments for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The prepaid amounts are used to offset regular quarterly deposit insurance assessments. The amount we paid equaled $16.3 million, which is being expensed over the future quarterly assessment periods. The balance at December 31, 2012 equaled $8.3 million. Under current regulations, any unused portion of the amount prepaid remaining after payment of amounts due on June 30, 2013 will be returned to us by the FDIC. F-17 Foreclosed and repossessed assets totaled $7.0 million at December 31, 2012, compared to $15.3 million on December 31, 2011, $16.7 million on December 31, 2010 and $26.6 million on December 31, 2009. The $8.3 million decline during 2012 consisted of $18.3 million in sales proceeds and $1.7 million in valuation write-downs and net losses on sales, which were partially offset by $11.7 million in transfers from the loan portfolio. While we expect further transfers from loans to foreclosed and repossessed assets in future periods reflecting our collection efforts on impaired lending relationships, we are hopeful that the increased sales activity we witnessed during the past couple of years will continue and limit the overall increase in, and average balance of, this nonperforming asset category. Source of Funds Our major sources of funds are from deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase (““repurchase agreements””) and FHLB advances. Total deposits increased from $1.11 billion at December 31, 2011 to $1.14 billion on December 31, 2012, an increase of $23.1 million. In comparing total deposit balances as of December 31, 2012 to those at December 31, 2008, total deposits have declined by $464.4 million. Local deposits increased $395.0 million during the four-year period ended December 31, 2012, while out-of-area deposits decreased $859.4 million during the same time period. As of December 31, 2012, local deposits comprised 76.2% of total deposits, compared to 70.3% and 29.4% at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Repurchase agreements decreased from $72.6 million at December 31, 2011 to $64.8 million on December 31, 2012, a decrease of $7.8 million. A majority of the decline is comprised of transfers to noninterest-bearing and interest- bearing checking accounts reflecting a change in rates offered on the repurchase agreement product whereby for certain lower-balance customers, maintaining their relationship with us in a noninterest-bearing checking account was less expensive for them than keeping their funds in the repurchase agreement product when taking into account the rate paid and fees assessed. As part of our sweep account program, collected funds from certain business noninterest- bearing checking accounts are invested in overnight interest-bearing repurchase agreements. Such repurchase agreements are not deposit accounts and are not afforded federal deposit insurance. All of our repurchase agreements are accounted for as secured borrowings. FHLB advances declined from $45.0 million at December 31, 2011 to $35.0 million on December 31, 2012, a decline of $10.0 million. FHLB advances declined $235.0 million during the four-year period ended December 31, 2012. At December 31, 2012, local deposits and repurchase agreements equaled 75.3% of total funding liabilities, compared to 69.5% and 28.5% on December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2008, respectively. The significant reduction in wholesale funding reliance over the past four years is primarily a result of the increase in local deposits and the decline in total loans. The increase in local deposits reflects various programs and initiatives we have implemented over the past several years, including: implementation of several deposit-gathering initiatives in our commercial lending function; introduction of new deposit-related products and services; certificate of deposit campaign, and the continuation of providing our customers with the latest in technological advances that give improved information, convenience and timeliness. Noninterest-bearing checking deposit accounts further increased during 2012, having increased during 2011 after remaining relatively stable over the prior several years. Noninterest-bearing checking accounts averaged $164.1 million during 2012, compared to an average balance of $137.0 million during 2011, and $110.0 million to $120.0 million over the prior several years. The increase in noninterest-bearing deposit accounts over the past couple of years reflects transfers from our repurchase agreement product, increased balances from many of our existing business customers and deposit accounts opened as part of new commercial lending relationships. In addition, the increase in noninterest-bearing checking accounts may have also reflected the temporary unlimited FDIC deposit insurance for certain qualifying noninterest-bearing transaction deposit accounts beginning in October 2008, first under the FDIC’’s transaction account guarantee program, and then under the Dodd-Frank Act. The temporary unlimited FDIC insurance expired on December 31, 2012. F-18 Local interest-bearing checking accounts increased $8.3 million during 2012, and are up $137.8 million since December 31, 2008. Money market deposit accounts decreased slightly by $0.9 million during 2012, but have increased $119.6 million since year-end 2008. The net increase in both interest-bearing checking accounts and money market deposit accounts over the past four years primarily reflects the success of our enhanced products and marketing programs, as well as relatively aggressive deposit rates, which resulted in many new individual, business and municipality deposits and increased balances from existing deposit account holders and transfers from maturing certificates of deposit. Savings deposits increased $24.0 million during 2012, after having decreased $27.7 million during 2011, increased $21.6 million during 2010 and declined $11.3 million during 2009. The relatively large balance fluctuations in our savings deposits are typical, primarily reflecting periodic deposits and withdrawals from several local municipal customers, as well as from certain municipal customers transferring funds between savings accounts and certificates of deposit. In addition, some customers have transferred their savings balances to other deposits products, particularly interest-bearing checking and money market deposit accounts. Certificates of deposit purchased by customers located within our market areas increased $9.3 million during 2012, after having declined $5.9 million during 2011, decreased $115.8 million during 2010 and increased $164.1 million during 2009, thereby providing a net increase of $51.7 million during the four-year period ended December 31, 2012. During 2009, we ran a high-rate one-year certificate of deposit campaign that raised about $65.0 million, with most of the funds representing new deposit funds. As these certificates of deposit matured during the first quarter of 2010, we were able to retain a relatively large percentage of the maturing funds, a majority of which were transferred to our interest-bearing checking and money market deposit accounts. The remaining increase during 2009 primarily reflects the success of our enhanced marketing program and relatively aggressive rates, which resulted in many new individual, business and municipality deposits. The net increase during 2012 is in large part due to increased deposit balances and transfers from certain municipal customers, while the declines during 2011 and 2010 are primarily due to maturing certificates of deposit being transferred to our interest-bearing checking and money market deposit accounts. Deposits obtained from customers located outside of our market areas declined $60.7 million during 2012, and are down $859.4 million during the four-year period ended December 31, 2012. Out-of-area deposits primarily consist of certificates of deposit obtained from depositors located outside our market areas and placed by deposit brokers for a fee, but also include certificates of deposit obtained from the deposit owners directly. The owners of the out-of- area deposits include individuals, businesses and governmental units located throughout the United States. In addition, in early 2011 we established an interest-bearing checking account relationship with an out-of-area depositor engaged in managing retirement accounts. This custodial relationship totaled $22.0 million as of December 31, 2012, and is expected to remain relatively stable for the foreseeable future. We expect this to be a long-term relationship. The significant decline in out-of-area deposits since year-end 2008 primarily reflects the influx of cash resulting from the reduction in total loans and from increased local deposits. FHLB advances declined $10.0 million during 2012, and are down $235.0 million during the four-year period ended December 31, 2012. The decline during the past four years primarily reflects the influx of cash resulting from the reduction in total loans and from increased local deposits. FHLB advances are collateralized by residential mortgage loans, first mortgage liens on multi-family residential property loans, first mortgage liens on commercial real estate property loans, and substantially all other assets of our bank, under a blanket lien arrangement. Our borrowing line of credit at December 31, 2012 totaled $137.3 million, with availability of $96.3 million. Shareholders’’ equity decreased $18.4 million during 2012, primarily reflecting our complete exit from the Treasury’’s Capital Purchase Program via the repurchase of the $21.0 million in preferred stock and the repurchase of the common stock warrant for $7.5 million from the Treasury. Net income attributable to common shares of $11.5 million partially mitigated the impact of the preferred stock and common stock warrant repurchases. Cash dividends on our common stock reduced shareholders’’ equity by $0.8 million, reflecting the reinstatement of a quarterly cash dividend during the fourth quarter. The change in the net unrealized gain on securities available for sale and the fair value of an interest rate swap further reduced shareholders’’ equity during 2012 by a combined $1.7 million. F-19 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 and 2011 Summary We recorded net income attributable to common shares of $11.5 million, or $1.33 per basic share and $1.30 per diluted share, for 2012, compared to net income attributable to common shares of $36.1 million, or $4.20 per basic share and $4.07 per diluted share, for 2011. The establishment of a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset in the fourth quarter of 2009 and the reversal of the valuation allowance in the fourth quarter of 2011 distort 2012 and 2011 after-tax operating result comparisons. On a pre-tax basis, our income was $18.2 million for 2012 compared to $10.1 million for 2011. The improved pre-tax earnings performance in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily results from lower provisions to the allowance for loan losses. The decreased provision expense reflects lower volumes of loan rating downgrades and nonperforming loans, a higher volume of loan rating upgrades, significant recoveries of prior-period loan charge-offs, the elimination or significant reduction of certain specific reserve allocations due to successful collection efforts, and continued progress in the stabilization of economic and real estate market conditions and resulting collateral valuations. In addition, the reserve allocation factors for non-impaired commercial loans reflected in the quarterly reserve migrations were reduced in 2012 in light of the lower level of net loan charge-offs. A higher net interest margin, which partially mitigated the negative impact of a lower level of average earning assets, reduced costs associated with the administration and resolution of problem assets, lower FDIC insurance premiums, and increased noninterest income also contributed to the improved earnings performance in 2012 compared to 2011. Our earnings performance continues to be hindered by elevated costs associated with the administration and resolution of problem assets; however, these costs trended downward during 2011 and 2012 as the level of nonperforming assets declined. Although decreasing, the level of nonperforming assets remains elevated when compared to pre-2007 reporting periods as a result of the state, regional and national economic struggles experienced over the past several years and related impact on certain of our borrowers. We expect continued reductions in nonperforming asset administration and resolution costs in future periods as the level of nonperforming assets continues to decline. The following table shows some of the key performance and equity ratios for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011: Return on average assets Return on average shareholders’’ equity Average shareholders’’ equity to average assets 2012 2011 0.82% 7.51% 10.90% 2.36% 27.28% 8.66% Net Interest Income Net interest income, the difference between revenue generated from earning assets and the interest cost of funding those assets, is our primary source of earnings. Interest income (adjusted for tax-exempt income) and interest expense totaled $60.5 million and $13.2 million, respectively, during 2012, providing for net interest income of $47.3 million. During 2011, interest income and interest expense equaled $71.8 million and $19.8 million, respectively, providing for net interest income of $52.0 million. In comparing 2012 with 2011, interest income decreased 15.7%, interest expense was down 33.4%, and net interest income decreased 8.9%. The level of net interest income is primarily a function of asset size, as the weighted average interest rate received on earning assets is greater than the weighted average interest cost of funding sources; however, factors such as types and levels of assets and liabilities, interest rate environment, interest rate risk, asset quality, liquidity, and customer behavior also impact net interest income as well as the net interest margin. F-20 The $4.7 million decrease in net interest income in 2012 compared to 2011 resulted from a decreased level of average earning assets, which more than offset an improved net interest margin. During 2012, the net interest margin equaled 3.67%, up from 3.60% during 2011. Although our yield on earning assets declined in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to a decreased yield on average loans, our cost of funds declined at a far greater rate, resulting in the improved net interest margin. The decline in loan yield primarily resulted from a decreased yield on commercial loans, while the cost of funds decreased as a result of the lowering of interest rates on non- certificate of deposit accounts and repurchase agreements on various occasions during the latter half of 2011 and during 2012. The cost of funds also decreased as a result of higher-costing matured certificates of deposit and FHLB advances being renewed at lower rates, replaced by lower-costing funds, or allowed to runoff. The following table depicts the average balance, interest earned and paid, and weighted average rate of our assets, liabilities and shareholders’’ equity during 2012, 2011 and 2010. The subsequent table also depicts the dollar amount of change in interest income and interest expense of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, segregated between change due to volume and change due to rate. For tax-exempt investment securities, interest income and yield have been computed on a tax equivalent basis using a marginal tax rate of 35%. As a result, securities interest income was increased by $0.6 million in 2012, $0.7 million in 2011, and $0.8 million in 2010. F-21 (Dollars in thousands) Years ended December 31, ---------------------- 2 0 1 2 ----------------- Average Rate Average Balance Interest ----------------------- 2 0 11 ----------------- Average Rate Average Balance Interest -----------------------2 0 1 0 ----------------- Average Rate Average Balance Interest Taxable securities $ Tax-exempt securities Total securities 112,122 $ 4,383 3.91% $ 157,081 $ 6,685 4.26% $ 176,084 $ 7,846 4.46% 40,818 152,940 2,018 6,401 4.94 4.19 49,428 206,509 2,508 9,193 5.07 4.45 59,911 235,995 3,125 10,971 5.22 4.65 Loans Interest-bearing deposit balances Federal funds sold Total earning assets Allowance for loan losses Cash and due from banks Other non-earning assets 1,049,315 53,898 5.14 1,148,671 62,356 5.43 1,412,555 77,791 5.51 10,522 75,678 29 192 0.28 0.25 9,709 78,596 24 199 0.24 0.25 9,251 69,319 39 176 0.42 0.25 1,288,455 60,520 4.70 1,443,485 71,772 4.97 1,727,120 88,977 5.15 (31,171) 16,217 132,105 (41,517) 15,080 112,983 (48,963) 15,414 127,354 Total assets $ 1,405,606 $ 1,530,031 $ 1,820,925 Interest-bearing demand deposits $ Savings deposits Money market accounts Time deposits Total interest- bearing deposits 205,848 $ 42,452 1,572 118 0.76% 0.28 $ 184,140 $ 45,860 2,536 210 1.38% 0.46 $ 140,384 $ 43,571 2,419 305 1.72% 0.70 148,596 549,535 571 8,876 0.38 1.62 154,450 697,664 1,179 12,459 0.76 1.79 86,283 979,584 1,225 19,580 1.42 2.00 946,431 11,137 1.18 1,082,114 16,384 1.51 1,249,822 23,529 1.88 61,930 Short-term borrowings Federal Home Loan Bank advances Other borrowings Total interest- bearing liabilities 1,082,576 39,809 34,406 157 0.25 993 929 2.49 2.70 80,137 54,753 37,776 405 0.51 107,802 1,410 1.31 2,033 1,010 3.71 2.67 153,575 47,315 5,509 1,346 3.59 2.84 13,216 1.22 1,254,780 19,832 1.58 1,558,514 31,794 2.04 Demand deposits Other liabilities Total liabilities Average equity Total liabilities and equity 164,081 5,675 1,252,332 153,274 $ 1,405,606 136,980 5,808 1,397,568 132,463 $ 1,530,031 118,904 5,913 1,683,331 137,594 $ 1,820,925 Net interest income Rate spread Net interest margin $ 47,304 $ 51,940 $ 57,183 3.48% 3.67% 3.39% 3.60% 3.11% 3.31% F-22  ----------------- 2012 over 2011 ----------------- Volume Total Rate ----------------- 2011 over 2010 ----------------- Volume Total Rate Years ended December 31, Increase (decrease) in interest income Taxable securities Tax exempt securities Loans Interest-bearing deposit balances Federal funds sold Net change in tax-equivalent $ (2,302,000) $ (1,792,000) $ (510,000) $ (1,161,000) $ (821,000) $ (340,000) (84,000) (1,095,000) (17,000) 0 (427,000) (5,215,000) 2,000 (7,000) (63,000) (3,243,000) 3,000 0 (533,000) (14,340,000) 2,000 23,000 (617,000) (15,435,000) (15,000) 23,000 (490,000) (8,458,000) 5,000 (7,000) interest income (11,252,000) (7,439,000) (3,813,000) (17,205,000) (15,669,000) (1,536,000) Increase (decrease) in interest expense Interest-bearing demand deposits Savings deposits Money market accounts Time deposits Short-term borrowings Federal Home Loan Bank advances Other borrowings Net change in interest (964,000) (92,000) (608,000) (3,583,000) (248,000) 271,000 (15,000) (43,000) (2,471,000) (77,000) (1,235,000) (77,000) (565,000) (1,112,000) (171,000) 117,000 (95,000) (46,000) (7,121,000) (1,005,000) 662,000 15,000 686,000 (5,197,000) (296,000) (545,000) (110,000) (732,000) (1,924,000) (709,000) (1,040,000) (81,000) (472,000) (91,000) (568,000) 10,000 (3,476,000) (336,000) (3,663,000) (259,000) 187,000 (77,000) expense (6,616,000) (2,898,000) (3,718,000) (11,962,000) (8,052,000) (3,910,000) Net change in tax-equivalent net interest income $ (4,636,000) $ (4,541,000) $ (95,000) $ (5,243,000) $ (7,617,000) $ 2,374,000 Interest income is primarily generated from the loan portfolio, and to a significantly lesser degree, from securities, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing deposit balances. Interest income decreased $11.3 million during 2012 from that earned in 2011, totaling $60.5 million in 2012 compared to $71.8 million in the previous year. The reduction in interest income is attributable to a decreased level of average earning assets and, to a lesser extent, a declining yield on average earning assets. During 2012, earning assets averaged $1.29 billion, or $155.0 million lower than average earning assets of $1.44 billion during 2011. Average loans were down $99.3 million, average securities decreased $53.6 million, average federal funds sold decreased $2.9 million, and average interest-bearing deposit balances increased $0.8 million. Interest income generated from the loan portfolio decreased $8.5 million in 2012 compared to the level earned in 2011; the reduction in the loan portfolio during 2012 resulted in a $5.2 million decrease in interest income, while a decline in loan yield from 5.43% in 2011 to 5.14% in 2012 resulted in a $3.3 million decrease in interest income. The lower yield on average loans mainly resulted from a decreased yield on average commercial loans, which equaled 5.16% in 2012 compared to 5.46% in 2011. The commercial loan yield was negatively impacted by the lowering of rates on certain commercial loans throughout 2011 and 2012 as a result of borrowers warranting decreased loan rates due to improved financial performance, the renewal of certain maturing term loans at lower rates, and competitive pricing pressures. In addition, the commercial loan yield was negatively impacted by an ongoing interest rate risk management strategy implemented in early 2011 whereby certain commercial loan relationships are being converted from the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate to the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate; this strategy has a short-term negative impact on net interest income as the conversions generally involve interest rate reductions. The commercial loan yields in 2012 and 2011 were negatively impacted by net declines of $254,000 and $259,000, respectively, in the present values of the purchased and sold interest rate caps; excluding the impact of these net declines, the yield on average commercial loans was 5.18% in 2012 and 5.48% in 2011, and the yield on average total loans was 5.16% in 2012 and 5.45% in 2011. F-23 Interest income generated from the securities portfolio decreased $2.8 million in 2012 compared to the level earned in 2011 due to portfolio contraction and a lower yield on average securities, which equaled 4.19% in 2012 compared to 4.45% in 2011. The reduced average portfolio balance resulted in a $2.2 million decrease in interest income, while the lower yield on average securities equated to a decrease in interest income of $0.6 million. Average securities equaled $152.9 million during 2012, down from $206.5 million during 2011 primarily due to decreases in the average balances of U.S. Government agency bonds and mortgage-backed securities. The lower yield on average securities in 2012 compared to 2011 mainly resulted from a decreased yield on U.S. Government agency bonds, reflecting a decline in market rates. The yield on U.S. Government agency bonds was 3.70% in 2012 compared to 4.27% in 2011. Purchases of U.S. Government agency bonds with lower yields during the fourth quarter of 2011 and during 2012 using proceeds received from called bonds of the same type negatively impacted the yield on average securities. The bond purchases were necessary to meet collateral requirements and internal funds management policy guidelines. Unaccreted discount of $116,000 related to called U.S. Government agency bonds was recognized as income during 2012; excluding this discount, the yield on U.S. Government agency bonds would have been 3.54% in 2012. Unaccreted discount of $138,000 related to called U.S. Government agency bonds was recognized as income during 2011; excluding this discount, the yield on U.S. Government agency bonds would have been 4.13% in 2011. The negative impact of the declined U.S. Government agency bond yield on the yield on average total securities was partially offset by a shift in the securities portfolio mix from lower-yielding agency bonds to higher-yielding municipal securities. Average U.S. Government agency bonds represented 46.0% of average total securities in 2012 compared to 49.3% in 2011, while average municipal securities represented 18.5% of average total securities in 2012 compared to 15.6% in 2011. Principal payments received on mortgage-backed securities totaled $11.7 million in 2012. Interest income earned on federal funds sold declined slightly in 2012 compared to 2011 due to a decreased average balance, while interest income earned on interest-bearing deposit balances increased slightly due to an increased average balance and average rate. During 2012 and 2011, earning assets had an average yield (tax equivalent-adjusted basis) of 4.70% and 4.97%, respectively. The decline in earning asset yield in 2012 compared to 2011 resulted from a decreased yield on average loans, and to a much lesser extent, a decreased yield on average securities. Interest expense is primarily generated from interest-bearing deposits, and to a lesser degree, from FHLB advances, repurchase agreements, subordinated debentures, and other borrowings. Interest expense decreased $6.6 million during 2012 from that expensed in 2011, totaling $13.2 million in 2012 compared to $19.8 million in the previous year. The decline in interest expense is attributable to a decreased level of average interest-bearing liabilities and a decreased cost of funds. During 2012, interest-bearing liabilities averaged $1.08 billion, or $172.2 million lower than average interest- bearing liabilities of $1.25 billion during the prior year. This reduction resulted in decreased interest expense of $2.9 million. Average interest-bearing deposits were down $167.7 million, while average FHLB advances decreased $98.8 million, average short-term borrowings decreased $27.7 million, and average other borrowings decreased $9.5 million. During 2012 and 2011, interest-bearing liabilities had a weighted average rate of 1.22% and 1.58%, respectively; a decline in interest expense of $3.7 million was recorded during 2012 due to the decreased cost of funds. The lower weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities in 2012 compared to 2011 is primarily due to the decline in market interest rates that began late in the third quarter of 2007 and continued through December of 2008 and, to a much lesser extent, a change in average interest-bearing liability mix, most notably decreases in higher-costing average certificates of deposit and average FHLB advances and increases in lower-costing average non-certificate of deposit accounts as a percentage of average interest-bearing liabilities. Market interest rates remained low during 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. Maturing fixed-rate certificates of deposit and borrowings were renewed at lower rates, replaced by lower-costing funds, or allowed to runoff during the 24-month period ended December 31, 2012. In addition, the lowering of interest rates on non-certificate of deposit accounts and repurchase agreements during this time frame positively impacted the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities in 2012 compared to 2011. F-24 Average certificates of deposit declined $148.1 million during 2012, which equated to a decrease in interest expense of $2.5 million. An additional $1.1 million reduction in interest expense resulted from a decrease in the average rate paid as higher-rate certificates of deposit matured and were renewed at lower rates, replaced with lower-costing funds, or allowed to runoff throughout 2012. Growth in other average interest-bearing deposit accounts, totaling $12.4 million, equated to an increase in interest expense of $0.2 million, while a decrease in the average rate paid on these deposit accounts resulted in a $1.9 million decline in interest expense. Average short-term borrowings, comprised primarily of repurchase agreements, declined $18.2 million during 2012, resulting in decreased interest expense of $0.1 million, while a decrease in the average rate paid during 2012 resulted in a reduction in interest expense of $0.2 million. Average FHLB advances decreased $14.9 million, equating to a $0.5 million reduction in interest expense, while a lower average rate paid on the advances resulted in a $0.6 million decrease in interest expense. A reduction in average other borrowings, which is comprised of subordinated debentures, structured repurchase agreements, and deferred director and officer compensation programs, equated to a decrease in interest expense of $0.1 million during 2012, while a higher average rate paid on these borrowings slightly increased interest expense. Provision for Loan Losses A negative provision expense of $3.1 million was recorded in 2012, compared to a provision expense of $6.9 million recorded in 2011. The reduced provision expense reflects lower volumes of loan rating downgrades and nonperforming loans, a higher volume of loan rating upgrades, significant recoveries of prior-period loan charge- offs, the elimination or significant reduction of certain specific reserve allocations due to successful collection efforts, and continued progress in the stabilization of economic and real estate market conditions and resulting collateral valuations. In addition, the reserve allocation factors for non-impaired commercial loans reflected in the quarterly reserve migrations were reduced in 2012 in light of the lower level of net loan charge-offs. Nonperforming loans totaled $19.0 million, or 1.82% of total loans, as of December 31, 2012, compared to $45.1 million, or 4.20% of total loans, as of December 31, 2011. Net loan charge-offs totaled $4.8 million, or 0.45% of average total loans, during 2012 compared to $15.7 million, or 1.37% of average total loans, during 2011. Of the $12.6 million in gross loans charged-off during 2012, $4.4 million, or 34.6%, represents the elimination of specific reserves that were established through provision expense in earlier periods. The allowance, as a percentage of total loans outstanding, was 2.75% as of December 31, 2012, compared to 3.41% as of December 31, 2011. Noninterest Income Noninterest income totaled $8.0 million in 2012, an increase of $0.7 million, or 9.8%, from the $7.3 million earned in 2011. The increase in noninterest income in 2012 compared to 2011 was mainly due to higher residential mortgage banking fee income, reflecting increased activity due to lower mortgage interest rates, and rental income from foreclosed properties, which more than offset decreased earnings on bank owned life insurance and service charges on accounts. The decline in earnings on bank owned life insurance primarily resulted from reduced investment yields, as paydowns on mortgage-backed securities were reinvested into similar securities with lower rates, while the decline in service charges on accounts mainly resulted from decreased fees associated with a particular checking account category as a result of a reduction in the number of active accounts. Noninterest Expense Noninterest expense during 2012 totaled $39.6 million, a decrease of $1.9 million, or 4.5%, from the $41.5 million expensed in 2011. The decline in noninterest expense in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily resulted from decreased nonperforming asset administration and resolution costs and FDIC insurance premiums, which more than offset increased salary and benefit costs. Salary and benefit costs totaled $19.4 million during 2012, an increase of $1.5 million, or 8.2%, from the $17.9 million expensed during 2011, primarily reflecting expenses associated with the reinstatement or increasing of certain employee benefit programs that had been suspended or lowered in prior years. Nonperforming asset administration and resolution costs, including legal expenses, property tax payments, appraisal fees, and write-downs on foreclosed properties, totaled $5.9 million during 2012, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 29.3%, from the $8.3 million in costs incurred during 2011. Nonperforming asset administration and resolution costs remain elevated; however, the costs are expected to decrease further in future periods as the level of nonperforming assets continues to decline. F-25 FDIC insurance premiums were $1.2 million during 2012, down $1.6 million from the $2.8 million in premiums expensed during 2011. The lower premiums during 2012 compared to 2011 resulted from a decreased assessment rate and base. The decreased assessment rate reflects our improved financial condition and operating performance and the implementation of the FDIC’’s revised risk-based assessment system on April 1, 2011. Occupancy and furniture and equipment costs declined by $0.3 million in 2012 compared to 2011, primarily resulting from an aggregate reduction in depreciation expense and decreased property taxes. Federal Income Tax Expense During 2012, we recorded income before federal income tax of $18.2 million and a federal income tax expense of $5.6 million, compared to income before federal income tax of $10.1 million and a federal income tax benefit of $27.4 million during 2011. A federal income tax expense was recorded in 2012 as a result of the valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset being reversed at year-end 2011. Tax expense on 2011 income was entirely offset by a corresponding reduction to the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, and the $27.4 million benefit was the result of reversing the remaining valuation allowance. Accounting guidance requires that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a ““more likely than not”” standard. We reviewed our deferred tax assets and determined that the valuation allowance necessary at year-end 2010, due to operating losses in 2010 and earlier years, was no longer necessary at year-end 2011 due to an expected return to sustainable profitability. Consequently, we reversed the valuation allowance that we had previously determined necessary to carry against our entire net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2011 and 2010 Summary We recorded net income attributable to common shares of $36.1 million, or $4.20 per basic share and $4.07 per diluted share, for 2011, compared to a net loss attributable to common shares of $14.6 million, or $1.72 per basic and diluted share, for 2010. The fourth quarter 2011 reversal of the valuation allowance established against our net deferred tax asset in the fourth quarter of 2009 distorts 2011 and 2010 after-tax operating result comparisons. On a pre-tax basis, our net income for 2011 was $10.1 million and net loss for 2010 was $13.4 million. The improvement in pre-tax earnings performance in 2011 compared to 2010 is primarily the result of a substantially lower provision expense. The decreased provision expense reflects lower volumes of loan rating downgrades and nonperforming loans and a higher volume of loan rating upgrades, as well as progress in the stabilization of economic and real estate market conditions and resulting collateral valuations. In addition, in many instances the reserve allocation factors for non-impaired commercial loans were lowered as the higher loan charge- off periods of 2009 were replaced with the lower 2011 loan charge-off periods in the quarterly reserve migration calculations. An increased net interest margin, which partially mitigated the negative impact of a lower level of average earning assets, and a reduction in overhead expenses also contributed to the improved earnings performance in 2011 compared to 2010. Our earnings performance continues to be hindered by elevated provisions to the allowance and costs associated with the administration and resolution of problem assets, reflecting continuing difficulties in the loan portfolio, most notably in the CRE segment. Ongoing state, regional and national economic struggles have significantly hampered certain of our borrowers’’ cash flows and negatively impacted real estate values, resulting in elevated levels of nonperforming assets and net loan charge-offs when compared to pre-2007 reporting periods. The following table shows some of the key performance and equity ratios for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010: Return on average assets Return on average shareholders’’ equity Average shareholders’’ equity to average assets F-26 2011 2010 2.36% 27.28% 8.66% (0.80%) (10.62%) 7.56% Net Interest Income Net interest income, the difference between revenue generated from earning assets and the interest cost of funding those assets, is our primary source of earnings. Interest income (adjusted for tax-exempt income) and interest expense totaled $71.8 million and $19.8 million, respectively, during 2011, providing for net interest income of $52.0 million. During 2010, interest income and interest expense equaled $89.0 million and $31.8 million, respectively, providing for net interest income of $57.2 million. In comparing 2011 with 2010, interest income decreased 19.3%, interest expense was down 37.6%, and net interest income decreased 9.2%. The level of net interest income is primarily a function of asset size, as the weighted average interest rate received on earning assets is greater than the weighted average interest cost of funding sources; however, factors such as types and levels of assets and liabilities, interest rate environment, interest rate risk, asset quality, liquidity, and customer behavior also impact net interest income as well as the net interest margin. The $5.2 million decrease in net interest income in 2011 compared to 2010 resulted from a decreased level of average earning assets, which more than offset an improved net interest margin. During 2011, the net interest margin equaled 3.60%, up from 3.31% during 2010. Although our yield on earning assets declined slightly in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to a shift in earning asset mix (lower level of higher-yielding average total loans and higher levels of lower-yielding securities and average federal funds sold) and a decreased yield on average loans, our cost of funds declined at a far greater rate, resulting in the improved net interest margin. Average total loans equaled 79.6% of average earning assets during 2011, down from 81.8% during 2010, while average federal funds sold represented 5.4% of average earning assets during 2011 compared to 4.0% during 2010. Average securities equaled 14.3% of average earning assets during 2011, up from 13.7% during 2010. The decline in loan yield primarily resulted from a decreased yield on commercial loans, while the cost of funds primarily decreased as a result of higher-costing matured certificates of deposit and borrowings being renewed at lower rates, replaced by lower-costing funds, or allowed to runoff and the lowering of interest rates on non-certificate of deposit accounts and repurchase agreements. Interest income is primarily generated from the loan portfolio, and to a significantly lesser degree, from securities, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing deposit balances. Interest income decreased $17.2 million during 2011 from that earned in 2010, totaling $71.8 million in 2011 compared to $89.0 million in the previous year. The reduction in interest income is attributable to a decreased level of average earning assets and, to a much lesser extent, a declining yield on average earning assets. During 2011, earning assets averaged $1.44 billion, or $283.6 million lower than average earning assets of $1.73 billion during 2010. Average loans were down $263.9 million, average securities decreased $29.5 million, average federal funds sold increased $9.3 million, and average interest-bearing deposit balances increased $0.5 million. Interest income generated from the loan portfolio decreased $15.4 million in 2011 compared to the level earned in 2010; the reduction in the loan portfolio during 2011 resulted in a $14.3 million decrease in interest income, while a decline in loan yield from 5.51% in 2010 to 5.43% in 2011 resulted in a $1.1 million decrease in interest income. The lower yield on average loans mainly resulted from a decreased yield on average commercial loans, which equaled 5.46% in 2011 compared to 5.54% in 2010. The commercial loan yield was negatively impacted by the lowering of rates on certain commercial loans throughout 2011 as a result of competitive pricing pressures and borrowers warranting decreased loan rates due to improved financial performance. In addition, the commercial loan yield in 2011 was negatively impacted by a $259,000 net decline in the present values of the purchased and sold interest rate caps; excluding the impact of this net decline, the yield on average commercial loans was 5.48% and the yield on average total loans was 5.45% in 2011. F-27 Interest income generated from the securities portfolio decreased $1.8 million in 2011 compared to the level earned in 2010 due to portfolio contraction and a lower yield on average securities, which equaled 4.45% in 2011 compared to 4.65% in 2010. The reduced average portfolio balance resulted in a $1.4 million decrease in interest income, while the lower yield on average securities equated to a decrease in interest income of $0.4 million. Average securities equaled $206.5 million during 2011, down from $236.0 million during 2010 primarily due to decreases in the average balances of mortgage-backed securities and municipal securities. The lower yield on average securities in 2011 compared to 2010 mainly resulted from a decreased yield on U.S. Government agency bonds, reflecting a decrease in market rates, and a shift in the securities portfolio mix from higher-yielding municipal securities and mortgage-backed securities to lower-yielding U.S. Government agency bonds. The re-investment of proceeds received from called U.S. Government agency bonds into bonds of the same type during the decreased market rate environments experienced in the latter six months of 2010 and 2011, along with additional purchases of agency bonds necessary to support increased collateral requirements during the last six months of 2010, negatively impacted the yield on average securities in 2011. After analyzing our current and forecasted federal income tax position, we decided to sell certain tax-exempt municipal bonds with an aggregate book value of $20.0 million in late March 2010. A vast majority of the sales proceeds were used to purchase U.S. Government agency bonds during April and early May of 2010. Principal payments received on mortgage-backed securities totaled $12.6 million in 2011. Interest income earned on federal funds sold increased slightly in 2011 compared to 2010 due to an increased average balance, while interest income earned on interest-bearing deposit balances decreased slightly as the negative impact of a declined average rate more than offset the positive impact of an increased average balance. During 2011 and 2010, earning assets had an average yield (tax equivalent-adjusted basis) of 4.97% and 5.15%, respectively. The slight decline in earning asset yield in 2011 compared to 2010 resulted from a change in earning asset mix, most notably a decrease in higher-yielding average loans and increases in lower-yielding average securities and federal funds sold as a percentage of average earning assets, a decreased yield on average loans, and a decreased yield on average securities. Average loans equaled 79.6% of average earning assets during 2011, while average securities, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing deposit balances equaled 14.3%, 5.4%, and 0.7%, respectively. During 2010, average loans, securities, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing deposit balances represented 81.8%, 13.7%, 4.0%, and 0.5%, respectively, of average earning assets. Interest expense is primarily generated from interest-bearing deposits, and to a lesser degree, from FHLB advances, repurchase agreements, subordinated debentures, and other borrowings. Interest expense decreased $12.0 million during 2011 from that expensed in 2010, totaling $19.8 million in 2011 compared to $31.8 million in the previous year. The decline in interest expense is attributable to a decreased level of average interest-bearing liabilities and a decreased cost of funds. During 2011, interest-bearing liabilities averaged $1.25 billion, or $303.7 million lower than average interest-bearing liabilities of $1.56 billion during the prior year. This reduction resulted in decreased interest expense of $8.1 million. Average interest-bearing deposits were down $167.7 million, while average FHLB advances decreased $98.8 million, average short-term borrowings decreased $27.7 million, and average other borrowings decreased $9.5 million. During 2011 and 2010, interest-bearing liabilities had a weighted average rate of 1.58% and 2.04%, respectively; a decline in interest expense of $3.9 million was recorded during 2011 due to the decreased cost of funds. The lower weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities in 2011 compared to 2010 is primarily due to the decline in market interest rates that began late in the third quarter of 2007 and continued through December of 2008 and a change in average interest-bearing liability mix, most notably decreases in higher-costing average certificates of deposit and average FHLB advances and increases in certain lower-costing average non-certificate of deposit accounts as a percentage of average interest-bearing liabilities. Market interest rates remained low during 2009, 2010, and 2011. Maturing fixed-rate certificates of deposit and borrowings were renewed at lower rates, replaced by lower-costing funds, or allowed to runoff during the 24-month period ending December 31, 2011. In addition, the lowering of interest rates on non-certificate of deposit accounts and repurchase agreements during this time frame positively impacted the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities in 2011 compared to 2010. F-28 Average certificates of deposit declined $281.9 million during 2011, which equated to a decrease in interest expense of $5.2 million. An additional $1.9 million reduction in interest expense resulted from a decrease in the average rate paid as higher-rate certificates of deposit matured and were either renewed or replaced with lower-costing certificates of deposit throughout 2011. Growth in other average interest-bearing deposit accounts, totaling $114.2 million, equated to an increase in interest expense of $1.4 million, while a decrease in the average rate paid on these deposit accounts resulted in a $1.4 million decline in interest expense. Average short-term borrowings, comprised primarily of repurchase agreements, declined $27.7 million during 2011, resulting in decreased interest expense of $0.3 million, while a decrease in the average rate paid during 2011 resulted in a reduction in interest expense of $0.7 million. Average FHLB advances decreased $98.8 million, equating to a $3.7 million reduction in interest expense, while a higher average rate paid on the advances resulted in a $0.2 million increase in interest expense. A reduction in average other borrowings, which is comprised of subordinated debentures, structured repurchase agreements, and deferred director and officer compensation programs, equated to a decrease in interest expense of $0.3 million during 2011, while a decrease in the average rate paid on these borrowings reduced interest expense by $0.1 million. Provision for Loan Losses The provision for loan losses totaled $6.9 million in 2011, compared to $31.8 million in 2010. The reduced provision expense reflects lower volumes of nonperforming loans and loan rating downgrades and a higher volume of loan rating upgrades, as well as progress in the stabilization of economic and real estate market conditions and resulting collateral valuations. In addition, in many instances the reserve allocation factors for non-impaired commercial loans were lowered as the higher loan charge-off periods of 2009 were replaced with the lower 2011 loan charge-off periods in the quarterly reserve migration calculations. Nonperforming loans totaled $45.1 million, or 4.20% of total loans, as of December 31, 2011, compared to $69.4 million, or 5.50% of total loans, as of December 31, 2010. Net loan charge-offs totaled $15.7 million, or 1.37% of average total loans, during 2011 compared to $34.3 million, or 2.43% of average total loans, during 2010. Of the $19.9 million in gross loans charged-off during 2011, $5.7 million, or 28.5%, represents the elimination of specific reserves that were established through provision expense in earlier periods. The allowance, as a percentage of total loans outstanding, was 3.41% as of December 31, 2011, compared to 3.59% as of December 31, 2010. Noninterest Income Noninterest income totaled $7.3 million in 2011, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 21.2%, from the $9.3 million earned in 2010. Noninterest income during 2010 includes gains totaling $0.8 million from the sales of tax-exempt municipal bonds and guaranteed portions of certain Small Business Administration-guaranteed loans. Excluding these gains, noninterest income during 2011 decreased $1.2 million, or 13.8%, from the prior year. The decline in noninterest income in 2011 compared to 2010, after consideration of the above discussed gains on security and loan sales, was mainly due to lower rental income from fewer foreclosed properties and decreased mortgage banking income, commercial letter of credit fees, and service charges on accounts. Noninterest Expense Noninterest expense during 2011 totaled $41.5 million, a decrease of $5.7 million, or 12.0%, from the $47.2 million expensed in 2010. Overhead costs during 2011 include $0.2 million in nonrecurring fees related to the prepayment of $10.0 million in FHLB advances, while overhead costs during 2010 include $1.0 million in such fees related to the prepayment of $95.0 million in advances; excluding these prepayment fees, noninterest expense in 2011 and 2010 totaled $41.3 million and $46.2 million, respectively. The $4.9 million decline in noninterest expense in 2011 compared to 2010, excluding the impact of the prepayment fees, primarily resulted from lower costs associated with the administration and resolution of nonperforming assets, including legal expenses, property tax payments, appraisal fees, and write-downs on foreclosed properties, and decreased FDIC insurance premiums. Nonperforming asset administration and resolution costs totaled $8.3 million during 2011, a decrease of $2.6 million, or 23.7%, from the $10.9 million in costs incurred during 2010. FDIC insurance premiums were $2.9 million during 2011, down $1.5 million from the $4.4 million in premiums expensed during 2010; the lower premiums resulted from a decreased assessment rate. The implementation of the FDIC’’s revised risk-based assessment system on April 1, 2011, primarily resulted in the decreased assessment rate. F-29 Controllable operating expenses, including salaries and benefits, occupancy, and furniture and equipment costs, declined $0.7 million, or 3.3%, during 2011 compared to 2010. Salary and benefit costs, which declined $0.4 million in 2011 compared to 2010, were positively impacted by a reduction in full-time equivalent employees from 242 at December 31, 2010 to 232 at December 31, 2011. Occupancy and furniture and equipment costs declined by $0.3 million in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily resulting from an aggregate reduction in depreciation expense. Federal Income Tax Expense During 2011, we recorded income before federal income tax of $10.1 million and a federal income tax benefit of $27.4 million, compared to a loss before federal income tax of $13.4 million and a federal income tax benefit of less than $0.1 million during 2010. Tax expense on 2011 income was entirely offset by a corresponding reduction to the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, and the $27.4 million benefit was the result of reversing the remaining valuation allowance. The tax benefit of the 2010 loss was mostly offset by the expense to record a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset it created; the nominal benefit resulted from adjustments between operations and other comprehensive income due to intraperiod tax allocation accounting rules. Accounting guidance requires that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a ““more likely than not”” standard. We reviewed our deferred tax assets and determined that the valuation allowance necessary at year-end 2010, due to operating losses in 2010 and earlier years, was no longer necessary at year-end 2011 due to an expected return to sustainable profitability. Consequently, we reversed the valuation allowance that we had previously determined necessary to carry against our entire net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. CAPITAL RESOURCES Shareholders’’ equity decreased $18.4 million during 2012, primarily reflecting our complete exit from the Treasury’’s Capital Purchase Program via the repurchase of the $21.0 million in preferred stock and the repurchase of the common stock warrant for $7.5 million from the Treasury. Net income attributable to common shares of $11.5 million partially mitigated the impact of the preferred stock and common stock warrant repurchases. Cash dividends on our common stock reduced shareholders’’ equity by $0.8 million, reflecting the reinstatement of a quarterly cash dividend during the fourth quarter. The change in the net unrealized gain on securities available for sale and the fair value of an interest rate swap further reduced shareholders’’ equity during 2012 by a combined $1.7 million. Despite the reduction in shareholders’’ equity during 2012, our bank remains ““well capitalized.”” As of December 31, 2012, our bank’’s total risk-based capital ratio was 14.7%, compared to 15.5%, 12.5%, 11.1% and 10.8% at December 31, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Our bank’’s total regulatory capital, consisting of our shareholders’’ equity plus a portion of the allowance but less a portion of our net deferred tax asset, decreased $14.5 million during 2012. Although the bank recorded net income of $13.8 million, cash dividends to Mercantile Bank Corporation to fund our exit from the Treasury’’s Capital Purchase Program via the repurchases of preferred stock and common stock warrant, to provide monies to fund our fourth quarter cash dividend on common shares and to pay for parent company expenses, totaled $32.5 million. The eligible amount of our allowance included in our regulatory capital declined $0.5 million due to a combination of a lower allowance balance and a decline in risk- weighted assets. The ineligible portion of our net deferred tax asset in our regulatory capital declined by $4.7 million due to a combination of a lower net deferred tax asset balance and improved earnings performance. Risk- weighted assets declined $32.2 million during 2012, in large part due to a decline in commercial loans. As of December 31, 2012, our bank’’s total regulatory capital equaled $173.8 million, or $55.5 million in excess of the amount necessary to attain the 10.0% minimum total risk-based capital ratio, which is among the requirements to be categorized as ““well capitalized.”” F-30 We and our bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Failure to meet the various capital requirements can initiate regulatory action that could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. Our bank’’s ability to pay cash and stock dividends is subject to limitations under various laws and regulations and to prudent and sound banking practices. On October 11, 2012, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.09 per share, that was paid on December 10, 2012 to shareholders of record as of November 9, 2012. This represented our first common stock cash dividend since the first quarter of 2010, as in April 2010 we had suspended payments of cash dividends on our common stock. On January 10, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.10 per share, that was paid on March 8, 2013 to shareholders of record as of February 8, 2013. LIQUIDITY Liquidity is measured by our ability to raise funds through deposits, borrowed funds, capital or cash flow from the repayment of loans and securities. These funds are used to fund loans, meet deposit withdrawals, maintain reserve requirements and operate our company. Liquidity is primarily achieved through local and out-of-area deposits and liquid assets such as securities available for sale, matured and called securities, federal funds sold and interest- bearing deposit balances. Asset and liability management is the process of managing the balance sheet to achieve a mix of earning assets and liabilities that maximizes profitability, while providing adequate liquidity. To assist in providing needed funds, we regularly obtain monies from wholesale funding sources. Wholesale funds, primarily comprised of deposits from customers outside of our market areas and FHLB advances, totaled $304.8 million, or 24.7% of combined deposits and borrowed funds as of December 31, 2012, compared to $375.5 million, or 30.5% of combined deposits and borrowed funds, as of December 31, 2011, and $1.41 billion, or 71.5% of combined deposits and borrowed funds, as of December 31, 2008. The significant decline in wholesale funds since year-end 2008 primarily reflects the influx of cash resulting from the reduction in total loans and increased local deposits. Although local deposits have generally increased as new business, municipal governmental unit and individual deposit relationships are established and as existing customers increase the balances in their accounts, and we witnessed significant local deposit growth during the past four years, some reliance on wholesale funds will likely remain, although at a much lower level than historical levels. As part of our interest rate risk management strategy, a vast majority of our wholesale funds have a fixed rate and mature within five years, reflecting the fact that a majority of our loans have a floating interest rate or a fixed interest rate and balloon in five years from origination date. We have developed a comprehensive contingency funding plan which we believe mitigates any increased liquidity risk from our wholesale funding program. Wholesale funds are generally a lower all-in cost source of funds when compared to the interest rates that would have to be offered in the local markets to generate a commensurate level of funds. Interest rates paid on new out-of- area deposits and FHLB advances have historically been similar to interest rates paid on new certificates of deposit issued to local customers. In addition, the overhead costs associated with wholesale funds are considerably less than the overhead costs that would be incurred to attract and administer a similar level of local deposits, especially if the estimated costs of a needed expanded branching network were taken into account. As part of our sweep program, collected funds from certain business noninterest-bearing checking accounts are invested into over-night interest-bearing repurchase agreements. Such repurchase agreements are not deposit accounts and are not afforded federal deposit insurance. Repurchase agreements decreased $7.8 million during 2012, totaling $64.8 million as of December 31, 2012. A large portion of the decline represents transfers to noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing checking accounts reflecting a reduction in rates offered on the repurchase agreement product whereby for certain lower-balance customers, maintaining their relationship with us in a noninterest-bearing checking account was less expensive for them than keeping their funds in the repurchase agreement product when taking into account the rate paid and fees assessed. In addition, the decline may also reflect the Dodd-Frank Act’’s repeal, effective July 21, 2011, of the earlier prohibition on the payment of interest on business checking accounts. F-31 Information regarding our repurchase agreements as of December 31, 2012 and during 2012 is as follows: Outstanding balance at December 31, 2012 Weighted average interest rate at December 31, 2012 Maximum daily balance twelve months ended December 31, 2012 Average daily balance for twelve months ended December 31, 2012 Weighted average interest rate for twelve months ended December 31, 2012 $ 64,765,000 0.13% $ $ 81,980,000 61,930,000 0.25% As a member of the FHLB, we have access to the FHLB advance borrowing programs. Advances totaled $35.0 million as of December 31, 2012, compared to $45.0 million, $65.0 million, $205.0 million, and $270.0 million as of December 31, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Based on available collateral as of December 31, 2012, we could borrow an additional $96.3 million. We also have the ability to borrow up to $38.0 million on a daily basis through correspondent banks using established unsecured federal funds purchased lines of credit. We did not access these lines of credit during 2012; in fact, we have not accessed the lines of credit since January of 2010. In contrast, federal funds sold averaged $75.7 million and $78.6 million during 2012 and 2011, respectively. In addition, interest-bearing deposit balances averaged $10.5 million and $9.7 million during the respective time periods. Given the volatile market and stressed economic conditions, we have been operating with a higher than normal balance of federal funds sold and interest- bearing deposit balances over the past several years. Reflecting our improved operating performance and financial condition, we expect to modestly reduce the level of federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in 2013, likely to average 3.0% to 4.0% of average earning assets; however, until market and economic conditions return to more normalized levels, the average balance of federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits will likely remain above our historical average of less than 1.0%. As a result, we expect the use of our federal funds purchased lines of credit, in at least the near future, will be rare, if at all. We have a line of credit through the Discount Window of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Using a substantial majority of our tax-exempt municipal securities as collateral, we could have borrowed up to $20.7 million for terms of 1 to 28 days at December 31, 2012. We did not utilize this line of credit during the past four years, and do not plan to access this line of credit in future periods. The following table reflects, as of December 31, 2012, significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations to third parties by payment date, excluding accrued interest: One Year or Less One to Three to Over Three Years Five Years Five Years Total Deposits without a stated maturity $ 601,198,000 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 601,198,000 Certificates of deposit 246,630,000 128,639,000 158,737,000 0 35,000,000 0 0 0 534,006,000 64,765,000 35,000,000 32,990,000 1,444,000 0 0 32,990,000 1,444,000 Short-term borrowings 64,765,000 Federal Home Loan Bank advances Subordinated debentures Other borrowed money 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F-32 In addition to normal loan funding and deposit flow, we must maintain liquidity to meet the demands of certain unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit. At December 31, 2012, we had a total of $324.2 million in unfunded loan commitments and $10.6 million in unfunded standby letters of credit. Of the total unfunded loan commitments, $259.6 million were commitments available as lines of credit to be drawn at any time as customers’’ cash needs vary, and $64.6 million were for loan commitments scheduled to close and become funded within the next twelve months. The level of commitments to make loans over the past several years has declined significantly when compared to historical levels, primarily reflecting relatively stressed economic conditions; however, the $64.6 million level at December 31, 2012 is relatively high when compared to the levels over the past few years. The increase primarily reflects the impact of our improved operating performance and financial condition, expanded sales efforts and modestly improved economic conditions. We regularly monitor fluctuations in loan balances and commitment levels, and include such data in our overall liquidity management. The following table depicts our loan commitments at the end of the past three years: 12/31/12 12/31/11 12/31/10 Commercial unused lines of credit $ 222,237,000 $ 171,683,000 $ 158,945,000 Unused lines of credit secured by 1-4 family residential properties Credit card unused lines of credit Other consumer unused lines of credit Commitments to make loans Standby letters of credit 24,250,000 24,663,000 26,870,000 8,512,000 4,613,000 64,565,000 10,591,000 7,565,000 3,367,000 30,929,000 15,923,000 7,768,000 4,052,000 9,840,000 19,343,000 Total $ 334,768,000 $ 254,130,000 $ 226,818,000 We monitor our liquidity position and funding strategies on an ongoing basis, but recognize that unexpected events, economic or market conditions, reduction in earnings performance, declining capital levels or situations beyond our control could cause liquidity challenges. While we believe it is unlikely that a funding crisis of any significant degree is likely to materialize, we have developed a comprehensive contingency funding plan that provides a framework for meeting liquidity disruptions. MARKET RISK ANALYSIS Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk and, to a lesser extent, liquidity risk. All of our transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars with no specific foreign exchange exposure. We have only limited agricultural- related loan assets and therefore have no significant exposure to changes in commodity prices. Any impact that changes in foreign exchange rates and commodity prices would have on interest rates is assumed to be insignificant. Interest rate risk is the exposure of our financial condition to adverse movements in interest rates. We derive our income primarily from the excess of interest collected on interest-earning assets over the interest paid on interest- bearing liabilities. The rates of interest we earn on our assets and owe on our liabilities generally are established contractually for a period of time. Since market interest rates change over time, we are exposed to lower profitability if we cannot adapt to interest rate changes. Accepting interest rate risk can be an important source of profitability and shareholder value; however, excessive levels of interest rate risk could pose a significant threat to our earnings and capital base. Accordingly, effective risk management that maintains interest rate risk at prudent levels is essential to our safety and soundness. Evaluating the exposure to changes in interest rates includes assessing both the adequacy of the process used to control interest rate risk and the quantitative level of exposure. Our interest rate risk management process seeks to ensure that appropriate policies, procedures, management information systems and internal controls are in place to maintain interest rate risk at prudent levels with consistency and continuity. In evaluating the quantitative level of interest rate risk, we assess the existing and potential future effects of changes in interest rates on our financial condition, including capital adequacy, earnings, liquidity and asset quality. F-33  Residential real estate loans Consumer loans Securities (2) Federal funds sold Interest-bearing deposits Allowance for loan losses Other assets Total assets Liabilities: Interest-bearing checking Savings deposits Money market accounts Time deposits under $100,000 We use two interest rate risk measurement techniques. The first, which is commonly referred to as GAP analysis, measures the difference between the dollar amounts of interest-sensitive assets and liabilities that will be refinanced or repriced during a given time period. A significant repricing gap could result in a negative impact to the net interest margin during periods of changing market interest rates. The following table depicts our GAP position as of December 31, 2012: Within Three Months Three to Twelve Months One to Five Years After Five Years Total Assets: Commercial loans (1) $ 175,875,000 $ 201,439,000 $ 553,443,000 $ 22,459,000 $ 953,216,000 30,645,000 2,118,000 24,621,000 104,879,000 10,072,000 0 0 8,933,000 261,000 2,048,000 30,034,000 14,677,000 1,027,000 278,000 25,482,000 98,124,000 0 0 0 0 0 750,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 84,289,000 3,684,000 150,275,000 104,879,000 10,822,000 (28,677,000) 144,438,000 348,210,000 212,681,000 610,736,000 135,538,000 $ 1,422,926,000 Time deposits $100,000 & over 100,460,000 116,395,000 257,715,000 210,024,000 56,454,000 144,479,000 10,218,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,557,000 29,661,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,000,000 0 0 0 0 0 620,834,000 135,952,000 322,376,000 0 0 0 Short-term borrowings 64,765,000 Federal Home Loan Bank advances 0 Other borrowed money 34,434,000 Noninterest-bearing checking Other liabilities Total liabilities Shareholders' equity Total liabilities & shareholders' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210,024,000 56,454,000 144,479,000 59,436,000 474,570,000 64,765,000 35,000,000 34,434,000 190,241,000 6,933,000 1,276,336,000 146,590,000 equity 620,834,000 135,952,000 322,376,000 0 $ 1,422,926,000 Net asset (liability) GAP $ (272,624,000) $ 76,729,000 $ 288,360,000 $ 135,538,000 Cumulative GAP $ (272,624,000) $ (195,895,000) $ 92,465,000 $ 228,003,000 Percent of cumulative GAP to total assets (19.2%) (13.8%) 6.5% 16.0% (1) Floating rate loans that are currently at interest rate floors are treated as fixed rate loans and are reflected using maturity date and not repricing frequency. (2) Mortgage-backed securities are categorized by expected maturities based upon prepayment trends as of December 31, 2012. F-34 The second interest rate risk measurement used is commonly referred to as net interest income simulation analysis. We believe that this methodology provides a more accurate measurement of interest rate risk than the GAP analysis, and therefore, it serves as our primary interest rate risk measurement technique. The simulation model assesses the direction and magnitude of variations in net interest income resulting from potential changes in market interest rates. Key assumptions in the model include prepayment speeds on various loan and investment assets; cash flows and maturities of interest-sensitive assets and liabilities; and changes in market conditions impacting loan and deposit volume and pricing. These assumptions are inherently uncertain, subject to fluctuation and revision in a dynamic environment; therefore, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income or exactly predict the impact of higher or lower interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes and changes in market conditions and our strategies, among other factors. We conducted multiple simulations as of December 31, 2012, in which it was assumed that changes in market interest rates occurred ranging from up 400 basis points to down 400 basis points in equal quarterly instalments over the next twelve months. The following table reflects the suggested impact on net interest income over the next twelve months in comparison to estimated net interest income based on our balance sheet structure, including the balances and interest rates associated with our specific loans, securities, deposits and borrowed funds, as of December 31, 2012. The resulting estimates are well within our policy parameters established to manage and monitor interest rate risk. Interest Rate Scenario Interest rates down 400 basis points Interest rates down 300 basis points Interest rates down 200 basis points Interest rates down 100 basis points No change in interest rates Interest rates up 100 basis points Interest rates up 200 basis points Interest rates up 300 basis points Interest rates up 400 basis points Dollar Change Percent Change In Net In Net Interest Income Interest Income $ (3,300,000) (7.3%) (2,900,000) (2,400,000) (1,600,000) (300,000) 700,000 1,700,000 2,700,000 3,100,000 (6.5) (5.3) (3.6) (0.7) 1.6 3.8 6.0 6.9 The resulting estimates have been significantly impacted by the current interest rate and economic environment, as adjustments have been made to critical model inputs with regards to traditional interest rate relationships. This is especially important as it relates to floating rate commercial loans and out-of-area deposits, which comprise a sizable portion of our balance sheet. As of December 31, 2012, the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate is 4.50% as compared to the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate of 3.25%. Historically, the two indices have been equal; however, we elected not to reduce the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate in late October and mid-December of 2008 when the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate declined by 50 and 75 basis points, respectively. In conducting our simulations since year-end 2008, we have made the assumption that the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate will remain unchanged until the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate equals the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate, at which time the two indices will remain equal in the increasing interest rate scenarios. Also, out-of-area deposit rates have substantially decreased since year-end 2008, with part of the decline attributable to a significant imbalance whereby the supply of available funds far outweighs the demand from banks looking to raise funds. As a result, we have substantially limited further reductions in out-of-area deposit rates in the declining interest rate scenarios. The resulting estimates also take into account the cap corridor that is addressed in Note 13, which provides for a net increase in net interest income of $0.2 million, $0.4 million, $0.5 million and $0.6 million in the increasing interest rate environments of 100 basis points, 200 basis points, 300 basis points and 400 basis points, respectively. In addition to changes in interest rates, the level of future net interest income is also dependent on a number of other variables, including: the growth, composition and absolute levels of loans, deposits, and other earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; level of nonperforming assets; economic and competitive conditions; potential changes in lending, investing, and deposit gathering strategies; client preferences; and other factors. F-35 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Shareholders Mercantile Bank Corporation Grand Rapids, Michigan We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mercantile Bank Corporation as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Mercantile Bank Corporation as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Mercantile Bank Corporation’’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control –– Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 14, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ BDO USA, LLP BDO USA, LLP Grand Rapids, Michigan March 14, 2013 F-36 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Shareholders Mercantile Bank Corporation Grand Rapids, Michigan We have audited Mercantile Bank Corporation’’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control –– Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Mercantile Bank Corporation’’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report by Mercantile Bank Corporation’’s Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, Mercantile Bank Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Mercantile Bank Corporation as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, and our report dated March 14, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ BDO USA, LLP BDO USA, LLP Grand Rapids, Michigan March 14, 2013 F-37 March 14, 2013 REPORT BY MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION’’S MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an effective system of internal control over financial reporting that is designed to produce reliable financial statements presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal control. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Management assessed the Company’’s system of internal control over financial reporting that is designed to produce reliable financial statements presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as of December 31, 2012. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control –– Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2012, Mercantile Bank Corporation maintained an effective system of internal control over financial reporting that is designed to produce reliable financial statements presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles based on those criteria. The Company’’s independent auditors have issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’’s internal control over financial reporting. Mercantile Bank Corporation /s/ Michael H. Price Michael H. Price Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer /s/ Charles E. Christmas Charles E. Christmas Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer F-38 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 2012 and 2011 ASSETS Cash and due from banks Interest-bearing deposit balances Federal funds sold Total cash and cash equivalents Securities available for sale Federal Home Loan Bank stock Loans Allowance for loan losses Loans, net Premises and equipment, net Bank owned life insurance Accrued interest receivable Other real estate owned and repossessed assets Net deferred tax asset Other assets 2012 2011 $ 20,302,000 10,822,000 104,879,000 136,003,000 $ 12,402,000 9,641,000 54,329,000 76,372,000 138,314,000 11,961,000 172,992,000 11,961,000 1,041,189,000 (28,677,000) 1,012,512,000 1,072,422,000 (36,532,000) 1,035,890,000 25,919,000 50,048,000 3,874,000 6,970,000 22,015,000 15,310,000 26,802,000 48,520,000 4,403,000 15,282,000 26,013,000 14,994,000 Total assets $ 1,422,926,000 $ 1,433,229,000 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Deposits Noninterest-bearing Interest-bearing Total deposits Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Federal Home Loan Bank advances Subordinated debentures Other borrowed money Accrued interest and other liabilities Total liabilities Shareholders' equity $ 190,241,000 944,963,000 1,135,204,000 $ 147,031,000 965,044,000 1,112,075,000 64,765,000 35,000,000 32,990,000 1,444,000 6,933,000 1,276,336,000 72,569,000 45,000,000 32,990,000 1,434,000 4,162,000 1,268,230,000 Preferred stock, no par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares outstanding at December 31, 2012, and 21,000 shares outstanding at December 31, 2011 Common stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 8,706,251 shares outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 8,605,391 shares outstanding at December 31, 2011 Common stock warrant Retained earnings (deficit) Accumulated other comprehensive income Total shareholders’’ equity 0 20,331,000 166,074,000 0 (21,134,000) 1,650,000 146,590,000 172,841,000 1,138,000 (32,639,000) 3,328,000 164,999,000 Total liabilities and shareholders’’ equity $ 1,422,926,000 $ 1,433,229,000 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-39 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 Interest income Loans, including fees Securities, taxable Securities, tax-exempt Federal funds sold Interest-bearing deposit balances Total interest income Interest expense Deposits Short-term borrowings Federal Home Loan Bank advances Other borrowings Total interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses 2012 2011 2010 $ 53,898,000 4,383,000 1,415,000 192,000 29,000 59,917,000 $ 62,356,000 6,685,000 1,805,000 199,000 24,000 71,069,000 $ 77,791,000 7,846,000 2,291,000 176,000 39,000 88,143,000 11,137,000 157,000 993,000 929,000 13,216,000 16,384,000 405,000 2,033,000 1,010,000 19,832,000 23,529,000 1,410,000 5,509,000 1,346,000 31,794,000 46,701,000 51,237,000 56,349,000 (3,100,000) 6,900,000 31,800,000 Net interest income after provision for loan losses 49,801,000 44,337,000 24,549,000 Noninterest income Service charges on accounts Earnings on bank owned life insurance Mortgage banking activities Rental income from other real estate owned Credit and debit card fees Payroll processing Letter of credit fees Net gain on sale of securities Gain on sale of commercial loans Other income Total noninterest income Noninterest expense Salaries and benefits Occupancy Furniture and equipment rent, depreciation and maintenance Nonperforming asset costs Data processing FDIC insurance costs Advertising FHLB advance prepayment fees Other expense Total noninterest expenses 1,523,000 1,528,000 1,479,000 1,061,000 891,000 591,000 336,000 0 0 585,000 7,994,000 19,367,000 2,501,000 1,176,000 5,862,000 3,193,000 1,200,000 1,167,000 0 5,158,000 39,624,000 1,640,000 1,777,000 846,000 825,000 825,000 515,000 300,000 0 0 554,000 7,282,000 17,891,000 2,780,000 1,206,000 8,290,000 2,719,000 2,843,000 747,000 213,000 4,806,000 41,495,000 1,797,000 1,718,000 1,092,000 1,488,000 727,000 494,000 460,000 476,000 324,000 668,000 9,244,000 18,297,000 2,838,000 1,481,000 10,858,000 2,598,000 4,370,000 906,000 1,021,000 4,787,000 47,156,000 Income (loss) before federal income tax expense (benefit) 18,171,000 10,124,000 (13,363,000) Federal income tax expense (benefit) 5,636,000 (27,361,000) (47,000) Net income (loss) 12,535,000 37,485,000 (13,316,000) Preferred stock dividends and accretion 1,030,000 1,343,000 1,295,000 Net income (loss) attributable to common shares $ 11,505,000 $ 36,142,000 $ (14,611,000) See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-40 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued) Years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 Earnings (loss) per common share: Basic Diluted 2012 2011 2010 $ 1.33 $ 1.30 $ 4.20 $ 4.07 $ (1.72) $ (1.72) See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-41 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 Net income (loss) $ 12,535,000 $ 37,485,000 $ (13,316,000) 2012 2011 2010 Other comprehensive income (loss): Change in net unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of reclassifications and tax effect Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of tax effect Net unrealized gain on securities transferred from held to maturity to available for sale, net of tax effect Reclassification of unrealized gain on interest rate swaps, net of tax effect Other comprehensive income (loss) (955,000) 2,503,000 (244,000) (723,000) 0 0 0 0 (1,678,000) 0 2,503,000 0 274,000 (64,000) (34,000) Comprehensive income (loss) $ 10,857,000 $ 39,988,000 $ (13,350,000) See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-42 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 ($ in thousands) Preferred Stock Common Stock Common Stock Warrant Retained Earnings (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Shareholders’’ Equity Balances, January 1, 2010 $ 19,839 $ 172,438 $ 1,138 $(54,170) $ 859 $ 140,104 Preferred stock dividends Accretion of preferred stock 238 (1,057) (238) 47 2 275 (85) Employee stock purchase plan (9,129 shares) Dividend reinvestment plan (687 shares) Stock-based compensation expense Cash dividends ($0.01 per common share) Net loss for the period from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010 Change in net unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of reclassifications and tax effect Net unrealized gain on securities transferred from held to maturity to available for sale, net of tax effect Reclassification of unrealized gain on interest rate swaps, net of tax effect (1,057) 0 47 2 275 (85) (13,316) (13,316) (244) (244) 274 (64) 274 (64) Balances, December 31, 2010 $ 20,077 $ 172,677 $ 1,138 $ (68,781) $ 825 $ 125,936 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-43 (1,089) 0 42 6 55 61 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’’ EQUITY (Continued) Years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 ($ in thousands) Preferred Stock Common Stock Common Stock Warrant Retained Earnings (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Total Shareholders’’ Equity Balances, January 1, 2011 $ 20,077 $ 172,677 $ 1,138 $(68,781) $ 825 $ 125,936 Preferred stock dividends Accretion of preferred stock 254 (1,089) (254) Employee stock purchase plan (4,726 shares) Dividend reinvestment plan (644 shares) Stock option exercises (8,800 shares) Stock-based compensation expense Net income for the period from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2011 Change in net unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of reclassifications and tax effect 42 6 55 61 37,485 37,485 2,503 2,503 Balances, December 31, 2011 $ 20,331 $ 172,841 $ 1,138 $(32,639) $ 3,328 $ 164,999 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-44 (21,000) (361) 0 (7,465) 39 14 551 (324) 54 (774) MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’’ EQUITY (Continued) Years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 ($ in thousands) Preferred Stock Common Stock Common Stock Warrant Retained Earnings (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Total Shareholders’’ Equity Balances, January 1, 2012 $ 20,331 $ 172,841 $ 1,138 $(32,639) $ 3,328 $ 164,999 Repurchase of preferred stock (21,000) Preferred stock dividends Accretion of preferred stock 669 (361) (669) Repurchase of common stock warrant (6,327) (1,138) 39 14 551 (324) 54 (774) Employee stock purchase plan (2,400 shares) Dividend reinvestment plan (934 shares) Stock option exercises (50,930 shares) Stock tendered for stock option exercises (19,120 shares) Stock-based compensation expense Cash dividends ($0.09 per common share) Net income for the period from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012 Change in net unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of tax effect Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of tax effect 12,535 12,535 (955) (955) (723) (723) Balances, December 31, 2012 $ 0 $ 166,074 $ 0 $(21,134) $ 1,650 $ 146,590 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-45 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from (for) operating activities: 2012 2011 2010 $ 12,535,000 $ 37,485,000 $ (13,316,000) Depreciation and amortization Provision for loan losses Deferred income tax expense (benefit) Stock-based compensation expense Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale Origination of mortgage loans held for sale Net gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale Net gain on sale of held to maturity securities Gain on sale of commercial loans Net (gain) loss on sale and write-down of premises and equipment Net loss on sale and valuation write-downs of foreclosed assets Recognition of unrealized gain on interest rate swaps Earnings on bank owned life insurance Net change in: Accrued interest receivable Other assets Accrued interest and other liabilities Net cash from operating activities 2,238,000 (3,100,000) 5,636,000 54,000 83,713,000 (83,986,000) (1,247,000) 0 0 0 1,725,000 0 (1,528,000) 529,000 (1,805,000) 2,257,000 17,021,000 2,200,000 6,900,000 (27,361,000) 61,000 50,925,000 (50,195,000) (681,000) 0 0 0 1,826,000 0 (1,777,000) 1,539,000 2,771,000 (1,187,000) 22,506,000 2,440,000 31,800,000 (47,000) 275,000 66,795,000 (66,104,000) (846,000) (476,000) (324,000) (2,000) 4,432,000 (99,000) (1,718,000) 1,146,000 7,540,000 (1,894,000) 29,602,000 Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of: Securities available for sale Proceeds from: Maturities, calls and repayments of securities available for sale Proceeds from sale of held to maturity securities Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank stock redemption Loan originations and payments, net Proceeds from sale of commercial loans Purchases of premises and equipment, net Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets Net cash from investing activities (69,956,000) (28,835,000) (106,329,000) 102,672,000 0 0 16,237,000 0 (571,000) 18,348,000 66,730,000 80,739,000 0 2,384,000 162,928,000 0 (556,000) 11,062,000 227,722,000 107,480,000 20,452,000 1,336,000 226,563,000 7,395,000 (118,000) 14,900,000 271,679,000 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-46 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued) Years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 Cash flows from financing activities Net decrease in time deposits Net increase in all other deposits Net increase (decrease) in securities sold under agreements to repurchase Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances Maturities and prepayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances Maturities of wholesale repurchase agreements Net increase (decrease) in other borrowed money Repurchase of preferred stock Repurchase of common stock warrant Proceeds from stock option exercises, net of cashless exercises Employee stock purchase plan Dividend reinvestment plan Payment of cash dividends on preferred stock Payment of cash dividends to common shareholders Net cash for financing activities Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at end of period Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash paid during the year for: Interest Federal income taxes Noncash financing and investing activities: Transfers from loans to foreclosed assets Preferred stock cash dividend accrued 2012 2011 2010 (47,257,000) 70,386,000 (210,617,000) 48,860,000 (331,638,000) 203,843,000 (7,804,000) 0 20,000,000 (30,000,000) 0 10,000 (21,000,000) (7,465,000) 227,000 39,000 14,000 (496,000) (774,000) (24,120,000) 59,631,000 76,372,000 $ 136,003,000 $ 13,741,000 0 11,761,000 0 $ $ (44,410,000) 0 0 (20,000,000) (10,000,000) (370,000) 0 0 55,000 42,000 6,000 (1,620,000) 0 (238,054,000) 12,174,000 64,198,000 76,372,000 21,742,000 0 11,495,000 134,000 17,224,000 (2,600,000) 0 (140,000,000) (5,000,000) (86,000) 0 0 0 47,000 2,000 (525,000) (85,000) (258,818,000) 42,463,000 21,735,000 64,198,000 33,203,000 0 9,399,000 666,000 $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-47 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mercantile Bank Corporation (““Mercantile””) and its subsidiary, Mercantile Bank of Michigan (““Bank””), and of Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company, LLC (““Mortgage Company””), Mercantile Bank Real Estate Co., L.L.C. (““Mercantile Real Estate””) and Mercantile Insurance Center, Inc. (““Mercantile Insurance””), subsidiaries of our Bank, after elimination of significant intercompany transactions and accounts. We formed a business trust, Mercantile Bank Capital Trust I (““our trust””), in 2004 to issue trust preferred securities. We issued subordinated debentures to our trust in return for the proceeds raised from the issuance of the trust preferred securities. In accordance with accounting guidelines, our trust is not consolidated, but instead we report the subordinated debentures issued to the trust as a liability. Nature of Operations: Mercantile was incorporated on July 15, 1997 to establish and own the Bank based in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The Bank is a community-based financial institution, and began operations on December 15, 1997. The Bank’’s primary deposit products are checking, savings, and term certificate accounts, and its primary lending products are commercial loans, residential mortgage loans, and instalment loans. Substantially all loans are secured by specific items of collateral including business assets, real estate or consumer assets. Commercial loans are expected to be repaid from cash flow from operations of businesses. Real estate loans are secured by commercial or residential real estate. The Bank’’s loan accounts and retail deposits are primarily with customers located in the Grand Rapids, Holland and Lansing areas. As an alternative source of funds, the Bank has also issued certificates of deposit to depositors outside of its primary market areas. Substantially all revenues are derived from banking products and services and investment securities. Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company was formed during 2000. A subsidiary of the Bank, Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company was established to increase the profitability and efficiency of the mortgage loan operations. Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company initiated business on October 24, 2000 via the Bank’’s contribution of most of its residential mortgage loan portfolio and participation interests in certain commercial mortgage loans. On the same date, the Bank also transferred its residential mortgage origination function to Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company. On January 1, 2004, Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company was reorganized as Mercantile Bank Mortgage Company, LLC, a limited liability company, which was 99% owned by the Bank and 1% owned by Mercantile Insurance. Mortgage loans originated and held by the mortgage company were serviced by the Bank pursuant to a servicing agreement. Effective January 1, 2013, we dissolved the mortgage company to streamline the administration of our mortgage business. A cash amount commensurate with its 1% ownership interest was distributed to the insurance company. The remaining assets of the mortgage company were assigned to the Bank. We anticipate the business that was formerly conducted by the mortgage company to be performed by the Bank in its ordinary course and do not expect the dissolution to materially impact our financial position or results of operation. Mercantile Insurance was formed during 2002 through the acquisition of an existing shelf insurance agency. Insurance products are offered through an Agency and Institutions Agreement among Mercantile Insurance, the Bank and Hub International. The insurance products are marketed through a central facility operated by the Michigan Bankers Insurance Association, members of which include the insurance subsidiaries of various Michigan-based financial institutions and Hub International. Mercantile Insurance receives commissions based upon written premiums produced under the Agency and Institutions Agreement. Mercantile Real Estate was organized on July 21, 2003, principally to develop, construct, and own a facility in downtown Grand Rapids that serves as our Bank’’s main office and Mercantile’’s headquarters. This facility was placed into service during the second quarter of 2005. (Continued) F-48 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. The allowance for loan losses and the fair values of financial instruments are particularly subject to change. Cash Flow Reporting: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits with other financial institutions, short-term investments (including securities with daily put provisions) and federal funds sold. Cash flows are reported net for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest-bearing time deposits with other financial institutions and short-term borrowings with maturities of 90 days or less. Securities: Debt securities classified as held to maturity are carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available for sale when they might be sold prior to maturity. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified as available for sale. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax (as applicable). FHLB stock is carried at cost. Interest income includes amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized or accreted on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage-backed securities where prepayments are anticipated. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method. Declines in the fair value of securities below their amortized cost that are other than temporary are reflected in earnings or other comprehensive income, as appropriate. For those debt securities whose fair value is less than their amortized cost basis, we consider our intent to sell the security, whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery and if we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. In analyzing an issuer’’s financial condition, we may consider whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred and the results of reviews of the issuer’’s financial condition. Loans: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments. Net unamortized deferred loan fees amounted to $0.7 million and $0.4 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Interest income on commercial loans and mortgage loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Consumer and credit card loans are typically charged off no later than when they are 120 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal and interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. (Continued) F-49 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or market, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings. Such loans are sold service released. Loans held for sale amounted to $3.5 million and $2.6 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Mortgage banking activities include fees on direct brokered mortgage loans and the net gain on sale of mortgage loans originated for sale. Troubled Debt Restructurings: A loan is accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring if we, for economic or legal reasons, grant a concession to a borrower considered to be experiencing financial difficulties that we would not otherwise consider. A troubled debt restructuring may involve the receipt of assets from the debtor in partial or full satisfaction of the loan, or a modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or balance of the loan, a reduction of accrued interest, an extension of the maturity date or renewal of the loan at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or some combination of these concessions. Troubled debt restructurings can be in either accrual or nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings are included in nonperforming loans. Accruing troubled debt restructurings are generally excluded from nonperforming loans as it is considered probable that all contractual principal and interest due under the restructured terms will be collected. In accordance with current accounting guidance, loans modified as troubled debt restructurings are, by definition, considered to be impaired loans. Impairment for these loans is measured on a loan-by-loan basis similar to other impaired loans as described below under ““Allowance for Loan Losses.”” Certain loans modified as troubled debt restructurings may have been previously measured for impairment under a general allowance methodology (i.e., pooling), thus at the time the loan is modified as a troubled debt restructuring the allowance will be impacted by the difference between the results of these two measurement methodologies. Loans modified as troubled debt restructurings that subsequently default are factored in to the determination of the allowance for loan losses in the same manner as other defaulted loans. Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses (““allowance””) is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when we believe the uncollectability of a loan is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. We estimate the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in our judgment, should be charged-off. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable we will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. We determine the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of delay, the reasons for delay, the borrower’’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans by the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’’s effective interest rate, the loan’’s obtainable market price or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. We do not separately identify individual residential and consumer loans for impairment disclosures due to the nominal dollar amounts involved. (Continued) F-50 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Transfers of Financial Assets: Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when: (1) the assets have been isolated from the Bank and put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Bank does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets. Our transfers of financial assets are limited to commercial loan participations sold, which were insignificant for 2012, 2011 and 2010, the 2010 sale of the guaranteed portions of certain Small Business Administration-guaranteed commercial loans, the 2010 sale of tax-exempt municipal bonds and the sale of residential mortgage loans in the secondary market; the extent of the latter three are disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 5 to 33 years. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 7 years. Maintenance, repairs and minor alterations are charged to current operations as expenditures occur and major improvements are capitalized. Long-lived Assets: Premises and equipment and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable based on future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Foreclosed Assets: Assets acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure are initially recorded at their estimated fair value net of estimated selling costs, establishing a new cost basis. If fair value subsequently declines, a valuation allowance is recorded through noninterest expense, as are collection and operating costs after acquisition. Bank Owned Life Insurance: The Bank has purchased life insurance policies on certain key officers. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at its cash surrender value, or the amount that can be realized. Repurchase Agreements: The Bank sells certain securities under agreements to repurchase. The agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions, and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as a liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The dollar amount of the securities underlying the agreements remains in the asset accounts. Financial Instruments and Loan Commitments: Financial instruments include off-balance-sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. Instruments, such as standby letters of credit, that are considered financial guarantees are recorded at fair value. Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation cost for equity-based awards is measured on the grant date based on the fair value of the award at that date, and is recognized over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures. Fair value of stock option awards is estimated using a closed option valuation (Black-Scholes) model. Fair value of restricted stock awards is based upon the quoted market price of the common stock on the date of grant. (Continued) F-51 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable, the change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and any adjustments related to unrecognized tax benefits. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates applicable to future years. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred income tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. At December 31, 2011, we reversed the full valuation allowance that was initially recorded at December 31, 2009, as described in Note 8. Fair Values of Financial Instruments: Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates. The fair value estimates of existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments do not include the value of anticipated future business or the values of assets and liabilities not considered financial instruments. Earnings Per Share: Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares and participating securities outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share include the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under our stock-based compensation plans and our common stock warrant, and are determined using the treasury stock method. Our unvested stock awards, which contain non- forfeitable rights to dividends whether paid or unpaid (i.e., participating securities), are included in the number of shares outstanding for both basic and diluted earnings per share calculations. In the event of a net loss, our unvested stock awards are excluded from the calculations of both basic and diluted earnings per share. Comprehensive Income (Loss): Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale and interest rate swaps which are also recognized as separate components of equity. Derivatives: Derivative financial instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the use of the derivatives and whether the derivatives qualify for hedge accounting. Used as part of our asset and liability management to help manage interest rate risk, our derivatives have historically consisted of interest rate swap agreements that qualified for hedge accounting. In February 2012, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement that does qualify for hedge accounting. However, in June 2011, we simultaneously purchased and sold an interest rate cap, a structure commonly referred to as a ““cap corridor””, which does not qualify for hedge accounting. The current outstanding interest rate swap agreement and cap corridor are discussed in more detail in Note 13. We had no derivatives outstanding during 2010. We do not use derivatives for trading purposes. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated, for accounting purposes, as a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received on various assets and liabilities and are effective are reported in other comprehensive income. They are later reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings and are included in the line item in which the hedged cash flows are recorded. If hedge accounting does not apply, changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized immediately in current earnings as interest income or expense. (Continued) F-52 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) If designated as a hedge, we formally document the relationship between the derivative instrument and the hedged item, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transaction. This documentation includes linking cash flow hedges to specific assets on the balance sheet. If designated as a hedge, we also formally assess, both at the hedge’’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instrument that is used is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged items. Ineffective hedge gains and losses are recognized immediately in current earnings as noninterest income or expense. We discontinue hedge accounting when we determine the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminates, or treatment of the derivatives as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended. Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. We do not believe there are any such matters that would have a material effect on the financial statements. Operating Segment: While we monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services offered, Mercantile manages its business on the basis of one operating segment, banking. Adoption of New Accounting Standards: In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-03, Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements, to improve financial reporting of repurchase agreements and other agreements that both entitle and obligate a transferor to repurchase or redeem financial assets on substantially the agreed upon terms. This ASU eliminates consideration of the transferor’’s ability to fulfill its contractual rights and obligations from the criteria, as well as related implementation guidance (i.e., that it possesses adequate collateral to fund substantially all the cost of purchasing replacement financial assets), in determining effective control, even in the event of default by the transferee. Other criteria applicable to the assessment of effective control are not changed by this new guidance. This ASU became effective January 1, 2012. The adoption of this new ASU did not have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position. In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS, to align the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (““IFRSs””). Many of the amendments in this ASU did not result in a change in requirements but simply clarified existing requirements. The amendments in this ASU that do not change a principle or requirement for measuring fair value or disclosing information about fair value measurements include the following: (1) the ASU permits an exception for measuring fair value when a reporting entity manages its financial instruments on the basis of its net exposure, rather than gross exposure, to those risks; (2) the ASU clarifies that the application of premiums and discounts in a fair value measurement is related to the unit of account for the asset or liability being measured at fair value and specifically prohibits blockage discounts for Level 2 and 3 investments; and (3) the amendments expand fair value measurement disclosures. The more significant new disclosures include: (1) for all Level 3 fair value measurements, quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used as well as a qualitative discussion about the sensitivity of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements; (2) transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements on a gross basis, including the reasons for those transfers; and (3) the categorization by level of the fair value hierarchy for items that are not measured at fair value in the balance sheet but for which the fair value is required to be disclosed (e.g., held-to- maturity securities and loans). This ASU became effective January 1, 2012. The adoption of this new ASU did not have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position. (Continued) F-53 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income, to improve the comparability, consistency and transparency of financial reporting and to increase the prominence of items reported in other comprehensive income. The ASU eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the Statement of Changes in Shareholders’’ Equity. Instead, all changes in shareholders’’ equity must be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In the two-statement approach, which we adopted in 2012, the first statement presents the components of net income followed consecutively by a second statement that presents the components of other comprehensive income, a total for other comprehensive income and a total for comprehensive income. This ASU did not change certain other current requirements including items that constitute net income and other comprehensive income. In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which is intended to improve the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The ASU requires an entity to report, either on the face of the income statement or in the notes to the financial statements, the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in the income statement if the amount being reclassified is required to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. For other amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, an entity is required to cross-reference other required disclosures that provide additional detail about those amounts. This ASU is effective prospectively in the first quarter of 2013, and is not expected to have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position. NOTE 2 –– SECURITIES The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows: 2012 U.S. Government agency debt obligations Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Municipal general obligation bonds Municipal revenue bonds Mutual funds 2011 U.S. Government agency debt obligations Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Municipal general obligation bonds Municipal revenue bonds Mutual funds Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value $ 78,447,000 20,182,000 11,255,000 21,700,000 1,726,000 1,354,000 $ 1,039,000 1,814,000 0 1,043,000 91,000 51,000 $ (388,000) 0 0 0 0 0 $ 79,098,000 21,996,000 11,255,000 22,743,000 1,817,000 1,405,000 $ 134,664,000 $ 4,038,000 $ (388,000) $ 138,314,000 $ $ 86,783,000 31,851,000 16,700,000 26,212,000 4,300,000 1,312,000 $ 1,872,000 2,759,000 0 1,097,000 123,000 42,000 (59,000) 0 0 0 0 0 $ 88,596,000 34,610,000 16,700,000 27,309,000 4,423,000 1,354,000 $ 167,158,000 $ 5,893,000 $ (59,000) $ 172,992,000 (Continued) F-54 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 2 –– SECURITIES (Continued) Securities with unrealized losses at year-end 2012 and 2011, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, are as follows: Description of Securities Less than 12 Months Unrealized Fair Loss Value 12 Months or More Fair Value Unrealized Loss Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss 2012 U.S. Government agency debt obligations Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Municipal general obligation bonds Municipal revenue bonds Mutual funds $ 33,555,000 $ (388,000) $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 33,555,000 $ (388,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 33,555,000 $ (388,000) $ 33,555,000 $ (388,000) $ 0 $ 2011 U.S. Government agency debt obligations Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Municipal general obligation bonds Municipal revenue bonds Mutual funds $ 9,765,000 $ 0 0 (33,000) $ 9,526,000 $ (26,000) $ 19,291,000 $ (59,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 9,765,000 $ (33,000) $ 9,526,000 $ (26,000) $ 19,291,000 $ (59,000) We evaluate securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis. Consideration is given to the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near- term prospects of the issuer, our intent to sell the security, whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery and if we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. In analyzing an issuer’’s financial condition, we may consider whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred and the results of reviews of the issuer’’s financial condition. At December 31, 2012, 22 debt securities with a combined fair value totaling $33.6 million have unrealized losses aggregating $0.4 million, or 0.3% from the amortized cost basis of total securities. At December 31, 2012, 187 debt securities and a mutual fund with a combined fair value totaling $85.5 million have unrealized gains aggregating $4.0 million, or 3.0% from the amortized cost basis of total securities. After we considered whether the securities were issued by the federal government or its agencies and whether downgrades by bond rating agencies had occurred, we determined that unrealized losses were due to changing interest rate environments. As we do not intend to sell the securities, we believe it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the securities before recovery and we do expect to recover the entire amortized cost of the securities, no unrealized losses are deemed to be other-than-temporary. (Continued) F-55 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 2 –– SECURITIES (Continued) The amortized cost and fair values of debt securities at December 31, 2012, by maturity, are shown in the following table. The contractual maturity is utilized for U.S. Government agency debt obligations and municipal bonds. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately. Weighted average yields are also reflected, with yields for municipal securities shown at their tax equivalent yield. Due in one year or less Due from one to five years Due from five to ten years Due after ten years Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Mutual funds Weighted Average Yield 5.35% 5.79 3.09 4.22 5.19 1.74 3.03 $ Amortized Cost 1,998,000 3,649,000 26,765,000 69,461,000 20,182,000 11,255,000 1,354,000 Fair Value $ 2,033,000 3,841,000 27,029,000 70,755,000 21,996,000 11,255,000 1,405,000 4.00% $ 134,664,000 $ 138,314,000 After analyzing our current and forecasted federal income tax position, we sold certain tax-exempt municipal bonds with an aggregate book value of $20.0 million in 2010. Immediately subsequent to the sale, we reclassified the remaining tax-exempt municipal bonds with an amortized cost of $39.2 million from held to maturity to available for sale. The net unrealized gain at the date of transfer amounted to $0.4 million and was reported in other comprehensive income net of tax effect. During 2012 and 2011, there were no securities sold. At year-end 2012 and 2011, the amortized cost of securities issued by the State of Michigan and all its political subdivisions totaled $23.4 million and $30.5 million, with an estimated fair value of $24.6 million and $31.7 million, respectively. Total securities of any other specific issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, did not exceed 10% of shareholders’’ equity. The carrying value of U.S. Government agency debt obligations and mortgage-backed securities that are pledged to secure repurchase agreements and letters of credit issued on behalf of our customers was $83.8 million and $109.0 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. In addition, substantially all of our municipal bonds have been pledged to the Discount Window of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Investments in FHLB stock are restricted and may only be resold to, or redeemed by, the issuer. (Continued) F-56 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Year-end loans disaggregated by class of loan within the loan portfolio segments were as follows: Commercial: Commercial and industrial Vacant land, land development, and residential construction Real estate –– owner occupied Real estate –– non-owner occupied Real estate –– multi-family and residential rental Total commercial Retail: Home equity and other 1-4 family mortgages Total retail December 31, 2012 Balance % December 31, 2011 Balance % Percent Increase (Decrease) $ 285,322,000 27.4% $ 266,548,000 24.8% 7.0% 48,099,000 259,277,000 4.6 24.9 63,467,000 264,426,000 5.9 24.7 (24.2) (1.9) 324,886,000 31.2 334,165,000 31.2 (2.8) 50,922,000 968,506,000 4.9 93.0 68,299,000 996,905,000 6.4 93.0 (25.4) (2.8) 38,917,000 33,766,000 72,683,000 3.7 3.3 7.0 42,336,000 33,181,000 75,517,000 3.9 3.1 7.0 (8.1) 1.8 (3.8) Total loans $ 1,041,189,000 100.0% $ 1,072,422,000 100.0% (2.9)% Concentrations within the loan portfolio were as follows at year-end: 2012 2011 Balance Percentage of Loan Portfolio Balance Percentage of Loan Portfolio Commercial real estate loans to lessors of non-residential buildings $ 302,723,000 29.1% $ 320,536,000 29.9% (Continued) F-57 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) Year-end nonperforming loans were as follows: Loans past due 90 days or more still accruing interest Nonaccrual loans, including troubled debt restructurings Troubled debt restructurings, accruing interest 2012 2011 $ 0 18,970,000 0 $ 0 45,074,000 0 Total nonperforming loans $ 18,970,000 $ 45,074,000 As discussed in the ““Troubled Debt Restructuring”” section of Note 1, troubled debt restructurings can be in either accrual or nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings are included in nonperforming loans whereas accruing troubled debt restructurings are generally excluded from nonperforming loans. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, there were no accruing troubled debt restructurings included in nonperforming loans. The recorded principal balance of nonaccrual loans, including troubled debt restructurings, was as follows: Commercial: Commercial and industrial Vacant land, land development, and residential construction Real estate –– owner occupied Real estate –– non-owner occupied Real estate –– multi-family and residential rental Total commercial Retail: Home equity and other 1-4 family mortgages Total retail December 31, 2012 December 31, 2011 $ 1,677,000 2,194,000 2,087,000 9,010,000 2,021,000 16,989,000 $ 5,916,000 3,448,000 6,635,000 24,169,000 2,532,000 42,700,000 889,000 1,092,000 1,981,000 1,013,000 1,361,000 2,374,000 Total nonaccrual loans $ 18,970,000 $ 45,074,000 (Continued) F-58 N O I T A R O P R O C K N A B E L I T N A C R E M I S T N E M E T A T S L A C N A N I F D E T A D I L O S N O C O T S E T O N 1 1 0 2 d n a 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D d e d r o c e R 9 8 > e c n a l a B d n a s y a D g n i u r c c A l a t o T s n a o L t n e r r u C l a t o T e u D t s a P r e t a e r G 9 8 n a h T s y a D e u D t s a P 9 8 –– 0 6 s y a D e u D t s a P 9 5 –– 0 3 s y a D e u D t s a P ) d e u n i t n o C ( S E S S O L N A O L R O F E C N A W O L L A D N A S N A O L –– 3 E T O N : 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a s w o l l o f s a s i s n a o l e u d t s a p f o s i s y l a n a e g a n A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 0 0 0 , 2 2 3 , 5 8 2 $ 0 0 0 , 1 7 3 , 4 8 2 $ 0 0 0 , 1 5 9 $ 0 0 0 , 1 7 8 $ 0 $ 0 0 0 , 0 8 $ 0 0 0 , 9 9 0 , 8 4 0 0 0 , 6 9 1 , 7 4 0 0 0 , 3 0 9 0 0 0 , 4 1 6 0 0 0 , 7 7 2 , 9 5 2 0 0 0 , 1 4 7 , 7 5 2 0 0 0 , 6 3 5 , 1 0 0 0 , 7 3 3 , 1 0 0 0 , 6 8 8 , 4 2 3 0 0 0 , 0 6 4 , 3 2 3 0 0 0 , 6 2 4 , 1 0 0 0 , 3 2 1 , 1 0 0 0 , 2 2 9 , 0 5 0 0 0 , 6 0 5 , 8 6 9 0 0 0 , 9 0 3 , 0 5 0 0 0 , 7 7 0 , 3 6 9 0 0 0 , 3 1 6 0 0 0 , 9 2 4 , 5 0 0 0 , 3 1 6 0 0 0 , 8 5 5 , 4 0 0 0 , 7 1 9 , 8 3 0 0 0 , 6 6 7 , 3 3 0 0 0 , 3 8 6 , 2 7 0 0 0 , 3 0 9 , 8 3 0 0 0 , 2 9 0 , 3 3 0 0 0 , 5 9 9 , 1 7 0 0 0 , 4 1 0 0 0 , 4 7 6 0 0 0 , 8 8 6 0 0 0 , 3 1 0 0 0 , 7 3 4 0 0 0 , 0 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 0 9 1 0 0 0 , 0 9 1 0 0 0 , 9 8 2 0 0 0 , 9 9 1 0 0 0 0 , 1 7 8 0 0 0 , 1 0 0 0 , 7 4 0 0 0 , 8 4 $ 0 0 0 , 9 8 1 , 1 4 0 , 1 $ 0 0 0 , 2 7 0 , 5 3 0 , 1 $ 0 0 0 , 7 1 1 , 6 $ 0 0 0 , 8 0 0 , 5 $ 0 0 0 , 0 9 1 $ 0 0 0 , 9 1 9 $ ) d e u n i t n o C ( 9 5 - F 0 0 0 , 3 0 3 d e i p u c c o r e n w o - n o n d n a , t n e m p o l e v e d d n a l , d n a l t n a c a V d n a l a i c r e m m o C l a i r t s u d n i d e i p u c c o r e n w o –– e t a t s e l a e R n o i t c u r t s n o c l a i t n e d i s e r –– e t a t s e l a e R : l a i c r e m m o C l a i c r e m m o c l a t o T d n a y l i m a f - i t l u m l a t n e r l a i t n e d i s e r –– e t a t s e l a e R r e h t o d n a y t i u q e e m o H s e g a g t r o m y l i m a f 4 - 1 : l i a t e R s n a o l e u d l i a t e r l a t o T t s a p l a t o T N O I T A R O P R O C K N A B E L I T N A C R E M I S T N E M E T A T S L A C N A N I F D E T A D I L O S N O C O T S E T O N 1 1 0 2 d n a 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D d e d r o c e R 9 8 > e c n a l a B d n a s y a D g n i u r c c A l a t o T s n a o L t n e r r u C l a t o T e u D t s a P r e t a e r G 9 8 n a h T s y a D e u D t s a P 9 8 –– 0 6 s y a D e u D t s a P 9 5 –– 0 3 s y a D e u D t s a P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 0 0 0 , 8 4 5 , 6 6 2 $ 0 0 0 , 7 2 2 , 2 6 2 $ 0 0 0 , 1 2 3 , 4 $ 0 0 0 , 4 8 2 , 2 $ 0 0 0 , 7 3 0 , 2 $ 0 $ 0 0 0 , 7 6 4 , 3 6 0 0 0 , 4 7 8 , 0 6 0 0 0 , 3 9 5 , 2 0 0 0 , 8 4 4 , 2 0 0 0 , 5 4 1 0 0 0 0 , 6 2 4 , 4 6 2 0 0 0 , 9 1 7 , 0 6 2 0 0 0 , 7 0 7 , 3 0 0 0 , 6 3 8 , 2 0 0 0 , 6 8 7 0 0 0 , 5 8 d n a , t n e m p o l e v e d d n a l , d n a l t n a c a V d n a l a i c r e m m o C l a i r t s u d n i d e i p u c c o r e n w o –– e t a t s e l a e R n o i t c u r t s n o c l a i t n e d i s e r –– e t a t s e l a e R : l a i c r e m m o C 0 0 0 , 9 9 2 , 8 6 0 0 0 , 5 0 9 , 6 9 9 0 0 0 , 7 5 8 , 6 6 0 0 0 , 1 2 8 , 3 7 9 0 0 0 , 2 4 4 , 1 0 0 0 , 4 8 0 , 3 2 0 0 0 , 7 5 9 0 0 0 , 2 6 3 , 8 1 0 0 0 , 3 4 4 0 0 0 , 9 3 1 , 4 0 0 0 , 2 4 0 0 0 , 3 8 5 0 0 0 , 6 3 3 , 2 4 0 0 0 , 1 8 1 , 3 3 0 0 0 , 7 1 5 , 5 7 0 0 0 , 8 4 0 , 2 4 0 0 0 , 9 2 3 , 2 3 0 0 0 , 7 7 3 , 4 7 0 0 0 , 8 8 2 0 0 0 , 2 5 8 0 0 0 , 0 4 1 , 1 0 0 0 , 2 4 2 0 0 0 , 5 4 4 0 0 0 , 7 8 6 0 0 0 0 , 3 3 1 0 0 0 , 3 3 1 0 0 0 , 6 4 0 0 0 , 4 7 2 0 0 0 , 0 2 3 $ 0 0 0 , 2 2 4 , 2 7 0 , 1 $ 0 0 0 , 8 9 1 , 8 4 0 , 1 $ 0 0 0 , 4 2 2 , 4 2 $ 0 0 0 , 9 4 0 , 9 1 $ 0 0 0 , 2 7 2 , 4 $ 0 0 0 , 3 0 9 $ l a i c r e m m o c l a t o T d n a y l i m a f - i t l u m l a t n e r l a i t n e d i s e r –– e t a t s e l a e R r e h t o d n a y t i u q e e m o H s e g a g t r o m y l i m a f 4 - 1 : l i a t e R s n a o l e u d l i a t e r l a t o T t s a p l a t o T 0 0 0 , 5 6 1 , 4 3 3 0 0 0 , 4 4 1 , 3 2 3 0 0 0 , 1 2 0 , 1 1 0 0 0 , 7 3 8 , 9 0 0 0 , 8 2 7 0 0 0 , 6 5 4 d e i p u c c o r e n w o - n o n ) d e u n i t n o C ( S E S S O L N A O L R O F E C N A W O L L A D N A S N A O L –– 3 E T O N : 1 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a s w o l l o f s a s i s n a o l e u d t s a p f o s i s y l a n a e g a n A ) d e u n i t n o C ( 0 6 - F N O I T A R O P R O C K N A B E L I T N A C R E M I S T N E M E T A T S L A C N A N I F D E T A D I L O S N O C O T S E T O N 1 1 0 2 d n a 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D e t a D - o T - r a e Y e g a r e v A d e d r o c e R l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B d e t a l e R e c n a w o l l A d e d r o c e R l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B d i a p n U l a u t c a r t n o C l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B 0 0 0 , 0 4 1 , 3 $ 0 0 0 , 7 1 6 , 1 $ 0 0 0 , 6 2 9 , 1 $ 0 0 0 , 8 4 8 , 1 0 0 0 , 9 3 1 , 3 0 0 0 , 8 7 5 , 6 0 0 0 , 6 5 7 0 0 0 , 1 6 4 , 5 1 0 0 0 , 9 7 5 0 0 0 , 0 3 7 0 0 0 , 9 0 3 , 1 0 0 0 , 1 0 4 , 1 0 0 0 , 7 5 5 , 1 0 0 0 , 2 9 4 , 5 0 0 0 , 3 1 4 0 0 0 , 0 8 4 , 0 1 0 0 0 , 3 8 4 0 0 0 , 9 8 7 0 0 0 , 2 7 2 , 1 0 0 0 , 6 5 3 , 2 0 0 0 , 8 6 3 , 2 0 0 0 , 4 8 9 , 9 0 0 0 , 8 8 1 , 1 0 0 0 , 2 2 8 , 7 1 0 0 0 , 0 8 5 0 0 0 , 6 3 6 , 1 0 0 0 , 6 1 2 , 2 d n a t n e m p o l e v e d d n a l , d n a l t n a c a V l a i r t s u d n i d n a l a i c r e m m o C d e i p u c c o r e n w o - n o n d e i p u c c o r e n w o –– –– e t a t s e l a e R e t a t s e l a e R d n a y l i m a f - i t l u m –– e t a t s e l a e R n o i t c u r t s n o c l a i t n e d i s e r l a i c r e m m o c l a t o T l a t n e r l a i t n e d i s e r r e h t o d n a y t i u q e e m o H s e g a g t r o m y l i m a f 4 - 1 l i a t e r l a t o T : l i a t e R : d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a d e t a l e r o n h t i W : l a i c r e m m o C 0 0 0 , 0 7 7 , 6 1 $ 0 0 0 , 2 5 7 , 1 1 $ 0 0 0 , 8 3 0 , 0 2 $ d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a d e t a l e r o n h t i w l a t o T : 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a s w o l l o f s a e r e w d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a d e t a l e r o n h t i w s n a o l d e r i a p m I ) d e u n i t n o C ( S E S S O L N A O L R O F E C N A W O L L A D N A S N A O L –– 3 E T O N ) d e u n i t n o C ( 1 6 - F N O I T A R O P R O C K N A B E L I T N A C R E M I S T N E M E T A T S L A C N A N I F D E T A D I L O S N O C O T S E T O N 1 1 0 2 d n a 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D e t a D - o T - r a e Y e g a r e v A d e d r o c e R l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B d e t a l e R e c n a w o l l A d e d r o c e R l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B d i a p n U l a u t c a r t n o C l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B 0 0 0 , 7 6 2 , 3 0 0 0 , 3 1 9 , 4 0 0 0 , 1 6 0 , 5 2 0 0 0 , 9 2 4 , 7 0 0 0 , 0 8 7 , 3 4 0 0 0 , 6 8 2 0 0 0 , 2 8 4 0 0 0 , 8 6 7 0 0 0 , 7 6 3 , 1 0 0 0 , 8 8 3 , 1 0 0 0 , 3 7 7 , 1 1 0 0 0 , 8 0 4 , 1 0 0 0 , 0 6 8 , 6 1 0 0 0 , 4 0 2 0 0 0 , 5 2 1 0 0 0 , 9 2 3 0 0 0 , 9 1 2 , 2 0 0 0 , 6 2 6 , 3 0 0 0 , 4 6 9 , 2 3 0 0 0 , 3 2 9 , 3 0 0 0 , 8 5 6 , 4 4 0 0 0 , 4 9 3 0 0 0 , 5 7 4 0 0 0 , 9 6 8 0 0 0 , 3 3 3 , 2 0 0 0 , 7 0 3 , 4 0 0 0 , 8 1 8 , 3 3 0 0 0 , 1 7 4 , 4 0 0 0 , 0 5 1 , 8 4 0 0 0 , 3 2 4 0 0 0 , 5 5 5 0 0 0 , 8 7 9 0 0 0 , 0 1 1 , 3 $ 0 0 0 , 4 2 9 $ 0 0 0 , 6 2 9 , 1 $ 0 0 0 , 1 2 2 , 3 $ d n a t n e m p o l e v e d d n a l , d n a l t n a c a V l a i r t s u d n i d n a l a i c r e m m o C d e i p u c c o r e n w o - n o n d e i p u c c o r e n w o –– –– e t a t s e l a e R e t a t s e l a e R d n a y l i m a f - i t l u m –– e t a t s e l a e R n o i t c u r t s n o c l a i t n e d i s e r l a i c r e m m o c l a t o T l a t n e r l a i t n e d i s e r r e h t o d n a y t i u q e e m o H s e g a g t r o m y l i m a f 4 - 1 l i a t e r l a t o T : l i a t e R : d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a n a h t i W : l a i c r e m m o C 0 0 0 , 8 4 5 , 4 4 $ 0 0 0 , 9 8 1 , 7 1 $ 0 0 0 , 7 2 5 , 5 4 $ 0 0 0 , 8 2 1 , 9 4 $ d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a n a h t i w l a t o T 0 0 0 , 7 7 0 , 2 0 0 0 , 1 4 2 , 9 5 $ 0 0 0 , 8 1 3 , 1 6 $ 0 0 0 , 9 2 3 0 0 0 , 0 6 8 , 6 1 $ 0 0 0 , 9 8 1 , 7 1 $ 0 0 0 , 1 4 1 , 2 0 0 0 , 8 3 1 , 5 5 $ 0 0 0 , 9 7 2 , 7 5 $ 0 0 0 , 2 7 9 , 5 6 $ 0 0 0 , 4 9 1 , 3 0 0 0 , 6 6 1 , 9 6 $ s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o T : s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o T l a i c r e m m o C l i a t e R : 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a s w o l l o f s a e r e w s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o t d n a d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a n a h t i w s n a o l d e r i a p m I ) d e u n i t n o C ( S E S S O L N A O L R O F E C N A W O L L A D N A S N A O L –– 3 E T O N ) d e u n i t n o C ( 2 6 - F N O I T A R O P R O C K N A B E L I T N A C R E M I S T N E M E T A T S L A C N A N I F D E T A D I L O S N O C O T S E T O N 1 1 0 2 d n a 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D e t a D - o T - r a e Y e g a r e v A d e d r o c e R l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B d e t a l e R e c n a w o l l A d e d r o c e R l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B d i a p n U l a u t c a r t n o C l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B 0 0 0 , 4 9 1 , 3 $ 0 0 0 , 4 5 2 , 4 $ 0 0 0 , 0 7 6 , 4 $ 0 0 0 , 3 1 4 , 6 0 0 0 , 6 4 2 , 4 0 0 0 , 3 5 9 , 1 1 0 0 0 , 2 6 8 0 0 0 , 8 6 6 , 6 2 0 0 0 , 9 3 4 0 0 0 , 3 3 4 0 0 0 , 2 7 8 0 0 0 , 5 5 7 , 2 0 0 0 , 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 0 , 1 3 1 , 8 0 0 0 , 1 7 6 0 0 0 , 3 8 3 , 9 1 0 0 0 , 7 2 7 0 0 0 , 9 2 7 0 0 0 , 6 5 4 , 1 0 0 0 , 8 0 3 , 5 0 0 0 , 5 2 5 , 5 0 0 0 , 7 1 0 , 4 1 0 0 0 , 9 0 3 , 1 0 0 0 , 9 2 8 , 0 3 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 3 , 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 3 , 2 d n a t n e m p o l e v e d d n a l , d n a l t n a c a V l a i r t s u d n i d n a l a i c r e m m o C d e i p u c c o r e n w o - n o n d e i p u c c o r e n w o –– –– e t a t s e l a e R e t a t s e l a e R d n a y l i m a f - i t l u m –– e t a t s e l a e R n o i t c u r t s n o c l a i t n e d i s e r l a i c r e m m o c l a t o T l a t n e r l a i t n e d i s e r r e h t o d n a y t i u q e e m o H s e g a g t r o m y l i m a f 4 - 1 l i a t e r l a t o T : l i a t e R : d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a d e t a l e r o n h t i W : l a i c r e m m o C 0 0 0 , 0 4 5 , 7 2 $ 0 0 0 , 9 3 8 , 0 2 $ 0 0 0 , 9 2 1 , 3 3 $ d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a d e t a l e r o n h t i w l a t o T : 1 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a s w o l l o f s a e r e w d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a d e t a l e r o n h t i w s n a o l d e r i a p m I ) d e u n i t n o C ( S E S S O L N A O L R O F E C N A W O L L A D N A S N A O L –– 3 E T O N ) d e u n i t n o C ( 3 6 - F N O I T A R O P R O C K N A B E L I T N A C R E M I S T N E M E T A T S L A C N A N I F D E T A D I L O S N O C O T S E T O N 1 1 0 2 d n a 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D e t a D - o T - r a e Y e g a r e v A d e d r o c e R l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B d e t a l e R e c n a w o l l A d e d r o c e R l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B d i a p n U l a u t c a r t n o C l a p i c n i r P e c n a l a B 0 0 0 , 9 1 3 , 4 0 0 0 , 8 4 6 , 6 0 0 0 , 2 4 9 , 4 1 0 0 0 , 2 2 3 , 8 0 0 0 , 3 0 2 , 9 3 0 0 0 , 9 6 0 , 1 0 0 0 , 5 5 6 0 0 0 , 4 2 7 , 1 0 0 0 , 9 9 7 , 1 0 0 0 , 0 8 1 , 2 0 0 0 , 9 1 3 , 7 0 0 0 , 5 7 1 , 6 0 0 0 , 5 4 6 , 8 1 0 0 0 , 5 1 2 0 0 0 , 6 3 1 0 0 0 , 1 5 3 0 0 0 , 7 6 2 , 4 0 0 0 , 9 3 0 , 7 0 0 0 , 9 0 0 , 2 2 0 0 0 , 2 7 1 , 3 1 0 0 0 , 0 1 5 , 9 4 0 0 0 , 9 2 2 0 0 0 , 0 0 4 0 0 0 , 9 2 6 0 0 0 , 1 5 5 , 5 0 0 0 , 4 4 5 , 8 0 0 0 , 1 3 3 , 2 3 0 0 0 , 3 1 9 , 3 1 0 0 0 , 9 3 8 , 3 6 0 0 0 , 6 8 2 0 0 0 , 7 1 5 0 0 0 , 3 0 8 0 0 0 , 2 7 9 , 4 $ 0 0 0 , 2 7 1 , 1 $ 0 0 0 , 3 2 0 , 3 $ 0 0 0 , 0 0 5 , 3 $ d n a t n e m p o l e v e d d n a l , d n a l t n a c a V l a i r t s u d n i d n a l a i c r e m m o C d e i p u c c o r e n w o - n o n d e i p u c c o r e n w o –– –– e t a t s e l a e R e t a t s e l a e R d n a y l i m a f - i t l u m –– e t a t s e l a e R n o i t c u r t s n o c l a i t n e d i s e r l a i c r e m m o c l a t o T l a t n e r l a i t n e d i s e r r e h t o d n a y t i u q e e m o H s e g a g t r o m y l i m a f 4 - 1 l i a t e r l a t o T : l i a t e R : d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a n a h t i W : l a i c r e m m o C : 1 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a s w o l l o f s a e r e w s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o t d n a d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a n a h t i w s n a o l d e r i a p m I ) d e u n i t n o C ( S E S S O L N A O L R O F E C N A W O L L A D N A S N A O L –– 3 E T O N d n a e c n a l a B l a p i c n i r P l a u t c a r t n o C d i a p n U e h t h t o b n i n o i l l i m 2 . 6 2 $ f o e s a e r c n i n a n i d e t l u s e r 1 1 0 2 n i e c n a d i u g g n i r u t c u r t s e r t b e d d e l b u o r t w e n e h t f o n o i t p o d a e h T 0 0 0 , 6 9 5 , 2 0 0 0 , 1 7 8 , 5 6 $ 0 0 0 , 7 6 4 , 8 6 $ 0 0 0 , 1 5 3 0 0 0 , 5 4 6 , 8 1 $ 0 0 0 , 6 9 9 , 8 1 $ 0 0 0 , 5 8 0 , 2 0 0 0 , 3 9 8 , 8 6 $ 0 0 0 , 8 7 9 , 0 7 $ 0 0 0 , 8 6 6 , 4 9 $ 0 0 0 , 3 0 1 , 3 0 0 0 , 1 7 7 , 7 9 $ s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o T : s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o T l a i c r e m m o C l i a t e R 0 0 0 , 7 2 9 , 0 4 $ 0 0 0 , 6 9 9 , 8 1 $ 0 0 0 , 9 3 1 , 0 5 $ 0 0 0 , 2 4 6 , 4 6 $ d e d r o c e r e c n a w o l l a n a h t i w l a t o T . 1 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a e c n a w o l l A d e t a l e R e h t n i n o i l l i m 7 . 5 $ f o e s a e r c n i d e t a i c o s s a n a h t i w , e v o b a s e r u g i f e c n a l a B l a p i c n i r P d e d r o c e R ) d e u n i t n o C ( 4 6 - F N O I T A R O P R O C K N A B E L I T N A C R E M I S T N E M E T A T S L A C N A N I F D E T A D I L O S N O C O T S E T O N 1 1 0 2 d n a 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D d e t a m i t s e o t n w o d - d e g r a h c n e e b e v a h s n a o l e h t y b e r e h w s n o i t a u t i s t c e l f e r y l l a r e n e g e d a m n e e b s a h s e s s o l n a o l r o f e c n a w o l l a e h t f o n o i t a c o l l a o n h c i h w r o f s n a o l d e r i a p m I n o i l l i m 2 . 0 $ d n a 2 1 0 2 n i n o i l l i m 0 . 2 $ d e l a t o t , s g n i r u t c u r t s e r t b e d d e l b u o r t g n i u r c c a f o y l e r i t n e g n i t s i s n o c , s n a o l d e r i a p m i n o d e z i n g o c e r e m o c n i t s e r e t n I . e u l a v l a r e t a l l o c . 0 1 0 2 g n i r u d n o i l l i m 1 . 2 $ d n a , 1 1 0 2 g n i r u d n o i l l i m 4 . 1 $ , 2 1 0 2 g n i r u d n o i l l i m 8 . 0 $ d e l a t o t s n a o l l a u r c c a n o n n o e m o c n i t s e r e t n i t s o L . 0 1 0 2 d n a 1 1 0 2 g n i r u d e h T . m e t s y s g n i t a r e d a r g n e t a n o d e d a r g e r a s n a o l l a i c r e m m o c l l A . s n a o l l a i c r e m m o c r u o r o f m e t s y s g n i d a r g e v i s n e h e r p m o c a e z i l i t u e W . s r o t a c i d n I y t i l a u Q t i d e r C y r t s u d n i , l a r e t a l l o c , n o i t i d n o c l a i c n a n i f , e c n a m r o f r e p g n i t a r e p o , w o l f h s a c s a h c u s s r o t c a f l a c i t i r c l a r e v e s e z y l a n a t a h t s m g i d a r a p e d a r g d e z i d r a d n a t s s e z i l i t u m e t s y s g n i t a r t n e m s s e s s a k s i r e h T . r e t f a e r e h t s l a v r e t n i s u o i r a v t a d e d a r g - e r , e t a i r p o r p p a f i , d n a d e w e i v e r d n a n o i t p e c n i t a d e d a r g e r a s n a o l l a i c r e m m o c l l A . t n e m e g a n a m d n a n o i t i d n o c ) d e u n i t n o C ( S E S S O L N A O L R O F E C N A W O L L A D N A S N A O L –– 3 E T O N : s e d a r g k s i r t i d e r c l a n r e t n i y b d e l i f o r p k s i r t i d e r c –– e r u s o p x e t i d e r c l a i c r e m m o C : 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a s w o l l o f s a e r e w s r o t a c i d n i y t i l a u q t i d e r c y b s n a o L . l a r e t a l l o c f o e p y t e h t n o d e s a b y l i r a m i r p s i s n a o l l i a t e r r o f l a i c r e m m o C - e t a t s E l a e R y l i m a F - i t l u M l a i t n e d i s e R d n a l a t n e R l a i c r e m m o C - e t a t s E l a e R r e n w O - n o N d e i p u c c O l a i c r e m m o C - e t a t s E l a e R r e n w O d e i p u c c O l a i c r e m m o C , d n a L t n a c a V , t n e m p o l e v e D d n a L l a i c r e m m o C l a i t n e d i s e R d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C d n a l a i r t s u d n I 0 0 0 , 5 1 0 , 4 2 0 0 0 , 2 8 0 , 2 2 0 0 0 , 5 2 8 , 4 0 0 0 , 2 2 9 , 0 5 $ $ 0 0 0 , 7 2 1 , 4 5 1 0 0 0 , 1 4 0 , 8 2 1 0 0 0 , 8 1 7 , 2 4 $ 0 0 0 , 2 2 8 , 5 0 0 0 , 7 6 4 , 0 5 1 0 0 0 , 8 8 9 , 2 0 1 $ 0 0 0 , 6 8 8 , 4 2 3 $ 0 0 0 , 7 7 2 , 9 5 2 $ 0 0 0 , 6 2 5 , 6 0 0 0 , 6 7 8 , 3 0 0 0 , 7 9 6 , 7 3 0 0 0 , 9 9 0 , 8 4 $ $ 0 0 0 , 6 7 1 , 3 0 0 0 , 4 1 3 , 0 8 1 0 0 0 , 2 3 8 , 1 0 1 $ 0 0 0 , 2 2 3 , 5 8 2 $ : s g n i p u o r g e d a r g k s i r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I l a i c r e m m o c l a t o T 4 7 9 –– –– –– 1 s e d a r G 5 s e d a r G 8 s e d a r G ) d e u n i t n o C ( 5 6 - F l i a t e R y l i m a F 4 - 1 s e g a g t r o M l i a t e R y t i u q E e m o H r e h t O d n a 0 0 0 , 6 6 7 , 3 3 $ 0 0 0 , 7 1 9 , 8 3 $ l i a t e r l a t o T : e p y t l a r e t a l l o c y b d e l i f o r p k s i r t i d e r c –– e r u s o p x e t i d e r c l i a t e R N O I T A R O P R O C K N A B E L I T N A C R E M I S T N E M E T A T S L A C N A N I F D E T A D I L O S N O C O T S E T O N 1 1 0 2 d n a 2 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D l a i c r e m m o C - e t a t s E l a e R y l i m a F - i t l u M l a i t n e d i s e R d n a l a t n e R l a i c r e m m o C - e t a t s E l a e R r e n w O - n o N d e i p u c c O l a i c r e m m o C - e t a t s E l a e R r e n w O d e i p u c c O l a i c r e m m o C , d n a L t n a c a V , t n e m p o l e v e D d n a L l a i c r e m m o C l a i t n e d i s e R d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C d n a l a i r t s u d n I 0 0 0 , 5 4 2 , 7 2 0 0 0 , 8 7 2 , 6 2 0 0 0 , 6 7 7 , 4 1 0 0 0 , 9 9 2 , 8 6 $ $ 0 0 0 , 8 4 0 , 3 2 1 $ 0 0 0 , 5 7 0 , 3 4 1 $ 0 0 0 , 8 6 0 , 7 4 0 0 0 , 9 4 0 , 4 6 1 0 0 0 , 8 3 9 , 0 1 0 0 0 , 3 1 4 , 0 1 1 0 0 0 , 5 6 1 , 4 3 3 $ 0 0 0 , 6 2 4 , 4 6 2 $ 0 0 0 , 9 3 5 , 9 0 0 0 , 4 5 4 , 6 4 0 0 0 , 4 7 4 , 7 0 0 0 , 7 6 4 , 3 6 $ $ 0 0 0 , 1 3 2 , 9 6 1 $ 0 0 0 , 4 5 8 , 7 0 0 0 , 3 6 4 , 9 8 0 0 0 , 8 4 5 , 6 6 2 $ : s g n i p u o r g e d a r g k s i r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I l a i c r e m m o c l a t o T 4 7 9 –– –– –– 1 s e d a r G 5 s e d a r G 8 s e d a r G : s e d a r g k s i r t i d e r c l a n r e t n i y b d e l i f o r p k s i r t i d e r c –– e r u s o p x e t i d e r c l a i c r e m m o C ) d e u n i t n o C ( S E S S O L N A O L R O F E C N A W O L L A D N A S N A O L –– 3 E T O N : 1 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D f o s a s w o l l o f s a e r e w s r o t a c i d n i y t i l a u q t i d e r c y b s n a o L l i a t e R y l i m a F 4 - 1 s e g a g t r o M l i a t e R y t i u q E e m o H r e h t O d n a 0 0 0 , 1 8 1 , 3 3 $ 0 0 0 , 6 3 3 , 2 4 $ l i a t e r l a t o T : e p y t l a r e t a l l o c y b d e l i f o r p k s i r t i d e r c –– e r u s o p x e t i d e r c l i a t e R ) d e u n i t n o C ( 6 6 - F MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) All commercial loans are graded using the following number system: Grade 1. Excellent credit rating that contain very little, if any, risk of loss. Grade 2. Strong sources of repayment and have low repayment risk. Grade 3. Good sources of repayment and have limited repayment risk. Grade 4. Adequate sources of repayment and acceptable repayment risk; however, characteristics are present that render the credit more vulnerable to a negative event. Grade 5. Marginally acceptable sources of repayment and exhibit defined weaknesses and negative characteristics. Grade 6. Well defined weaknesses which may include negative current cash flow, high leverage, or operating losses. Generally, if the credit does not stabilize or if further deterioration is observed in the near term, the loan will likely be downgraded and placed on the Watch List (i.e., list of lending relationships that receive increased scrutiny and review by the Board of Directors and senior management). Grade 7. Defined weaknesses or negative trends that merit close monitoring through Watch List status. Grade 8. Inadequately protected by current sound net worth, paying capacity of the obligor, or pledged collateral, resulting in a distinct possibility of loss requiring close monitoring through Watch List status. Grade 9. Vital weaknesses exist where collection of principal is highly questionable. Grade 10. Considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as an asset is not warranted. The primary risk elements with respect to commercial loans are the financial condition of the borrower, the sufficiency of collateral, and timeliness of scheduled payments. We have a policy of requesting and reviewing periodic financial statements from commercial loan customers and employ a disciplined and formalized review of the existence of collateral and its value. The primary risk element with respect to each residential real estate loan and consumer loan is the timeliness of scheduled payments. We have a reporting system that monitors past due loans and have adopted policies to pursue creditor’’s rights in order to preserve our collateral position. (Continued) F-67 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) The allowance for loan losses and recorded investments in loans for the year-ended December 31, 2012 are as follows: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance Provision for loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Ending balance Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans: Ending balance Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment Commercial Loans Retail Loans Unallocated Total $ $ 33,431,000 (2,800,000) (12,075,000) 7,487,000 26,043,000 $ 3,019,000 (207,000) (569,000) 402,000 $ 2,645,000 $ $ $ 82,000 (93,000) 0 0 (11,000) $ 36,532,000 (3,100,000) (12,644,000) 7,889,000 28,677,000 $ 16,860,000 $ 329,000 $ 0 $ 17,189,000 $ 9,183,000 $ 2,316,000 $ (11,000) $ 11,488,000 $ 968,506,000 $ 72,683,000 $ 1,041,189,000 $ 55,138,000 $ 2,141,000 $ 57,279,000 $ 913,368,000 $ 70,542,000 $ 983,910,000 (Continued) F-68 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) The allowance for loan losses and recorded investments in loans for the year-ended December 31, 2011 are as follows: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance Provision for loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Ending balance Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans: Ending balance Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment Commercial Loans Retail Loans Unallocated Total $ $ 42,359,000 4,125,000 (16,978,000) 3,925,000 33,431,000 $ 2,972,000 2,730,000 (2,919,000) 236,000 $ 3,019,000 $ $ 37,000 45,000 0 0 82,000 $ $ 45,368,000 6,900,000 (19,897,000) 4,161,000 36,532,000 $ 18,645,000 $ 351,000 $ 0 $ 18,996,000 $ 14,786,000 $ 2,668,000 $ 82,000 $ 17,536,000 $ 996,905,000 $ 75,517,000 $ 1,072,422,000 $ 68,893,000 $ 2,085,000 $ 70,978,000 $ 928,012,000 $ 73,432,000 $ 1,001,444,000 (Continued) F-69 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) The allowance for loan losses and recorded investments in loans for the year-ended December 31, 2010 are as follows: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance Provision for loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Ending balance Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans: Ending balance Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment Commercial Loans Retail Loans Unallocated Total $ $ 46,603,000 29,030,000 (35,968,000) 2,694,000 42,359,000 $ 1,256,000 2,752,000 (1,160,000) 124,000 $ 2,972,000 $ $ 19,000 18,000 0 0 37,000 $ $ 47,878,000 31,800,000 (37,128,000) 2,818,000 45,368,000 $ 8,504,000 $ 1,198,000 $ 0 $ 9,702,000 $ 33,855,000 $ 1,774,000 $ 37,000 $ 35,666,000 $ 1,175,970,000 $ 86,660,000 $ 1,262,630,000 $ 62,849,000 $ 3,107,000 $ 65,956,000 $ 1,113,121,000 $ 83,553,000 $ 1,196,674,000 (Continued) F-70 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) Loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during 2012 were as follows: Commercial: Commercial and industrial Vacant land, land development and residential construction Real estate –– owner occupied Real estate –– non-owner occupied Real estate –– multi-family and residential rental Total commercial Retail: Home equity and other 1-4 family mortgages Total retail Total Pre- Post- Modification Modification Recorded Principal Balance Recorded Principal Balance $ 1,357,000 $ 1,353,000 0 1,745,000 28,987,000 0 1,744,000 28,987,000 0 32,089,000 0 32,084,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 32,089,000 $ 32,084,000 Number of Contracts 8 0 6 15 0 29 0 0 0 29 The following loans, modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous twelve months, became over 30 days past due during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 (amounts as of period end): Commercial: Commercial and industrial Vacant land, land development and residential construction Real estate –– owner occupied Real estate –– non-owner occupied Real estate –– multi-family and residential rental Total commercial Retail: Home equity and other 1-4 family mortgages Total retail Total Number of Contracts Recorded Principal Balance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Continued) F-71 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) Loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during 2011 were as follows: Commercial: Commercial and industrial Vacant land, land development and residential construction Real estate –– owner occupied Real estate –– non-owner occupied Real estate –– multi-family and residential rental Total commercial Retail: Home equity and other 1-4 family mortgages Total retail Total Pre- Post- Modification Modification Recorded Principal Balance Recorded Principal Balance $ 4,942,000 $ 4,936,000 5,543,000 6,727,000 8,921,000 5,542,000 6,220,000 8,918,000 4,002,000 30,135,000 3,842,000 29,458,000 0 165,000 165,000 0 165,000 165,000 $ 30,300,000 $ 29,623,000 Number of Contracts 26 13 11 16 23 89 0 1 1 90 The following loans, modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous twelve months, became over 30 days past due during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011 (amounts as of period end): Commercial: Commercial and industrial Vacant land, land development and residential construction Real estate –– owner occupied Real estate –– non-owner occupied Real estate –– multi-family and residential rental Total commercial Retail: Home equity and other 1-4 family mortgages Total retail Total Number of Contracts 5 2 1 5 10 23 0 0 0 23 Recorded Principal Balance $ 1,347,000 297,000 69,000 1,506,000 490,000 3,709,000 0 0 0 $ 3,709,000 (Continued) F-72 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 3 –– LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) In general, our policy dictates that a renewal or modification of an 8- or 9-rated loan meets the criteria of a troubled debt restructuring, although we review and consider all renewed and modified loans as part of our troubled debt restructuring assessment procedures. Loan relationships rated 8 contain significant financial weaknesses, resulting in a distinct possibility of loss, while relationships rated 9 reflect vital financial weaknesses, resulting in a highly questionable ability on our part to collect principal; we believe borrowers warranting such ratings would have difficulty obtaining financing from other market participants. Thus, due to the lack of comparable market rates for loans with similar risk characteristics, we believe 8- or 9-rated loans renewed or modified were done so at below market rates. Loans that are identified as troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment when assessing these credits in our allowance for loan losses calculation. NOTE 4 - PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT, NET Year-end premises and equipment were as follows: Land and improvements Buildings Furniture and equipment Less: accumulated depreciation 2012 2011 $ 8,556,000 24,564,000 12,861,000 45,981,000 20,062,000 $ 8,531,000 24,528,000 12,977,000 46,036,000 19,234,000 Total premises and equipment $ 25,919,000 $ 26,802,000 Depreciation expense totaled $1.5 million in 2012, $1.6 million in 2011, and $1.9 million in 2010. (Continued) F-73 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 5 –– DEPOSITS Deposits at year-end are summarized as follows: Noninterest-bearing demand Interest-bearing checking Money market Savings Time, under $100,000 Time, $100,000 and over Out-of-area interest- bearing checking Out-of-area time, under $100,000 Out-of-area time, $100,000 and over December 31, 2012 Balance % December 31, 2011 Balance % Percent Increase (Decrease) $ 190,241,000 16.8% $ 147,031,000 13.2% 29.4% 188,057,000 144,479,000 56,454,000 51,730,000 234,430,000 865,391,000 21,967,000 7,706,000 240,140,000 269,813,000 16.5 12.7 5.0 4.6 20.6 76.2 1.9 0.7 21.2 23.8 179,770,000 145,402,000 32,468,000 63,330,000 16.2 13.1 2.9 5.7 213,548,000 781,549,000 19.2 70.3 4.6 (0.6) 73.9 (18.3) 9.8 10.7 26,142,000 2.3 (16.0) 18,457,000 1.7 (58.2) 285,927,000 330,526,000 25.7 29.7 (16.0) (18.4) Total deposits $ 1,135,204,000 100.0% $ 1,112,075,000 100.0% 2.1% Out-of-area certificates of deposit consist of certificates obtained from depositors outside of our primary market areas. As of December 31, 2012, out-of-area certificates of deposit totaling $242.8 million were obtained through deposit brokers, with the remaining $5.0 million obtained directly from the depositors. The following table depicts the maturity distribution for certificates of deposit at year-end: In one year or less In one to two years In two to three years In three to four years In four to five years 2012 2011 $ 246,630,000 61,004,000 67,635,000 63,894,000 94,843,000 $ 369,362,000 107,463,000 37,290,000 44,034,000 23,113,000 Total certificates of deposit $ 534,006,000 $ 581,262,000 (Continued) F-74 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 5 –– DEPOSITS (Continued) The following table depicts the maturity distribution for certificates of deposit with balances of $100,000 or more at year-end: Up to three months Three months to six months Six months to twelve months Over twelve months 2012 2011 $ 100,460,000 51,762,000 64,633,000 257,715,000 $ 163,617,000 77,164,000 78,592,000 180,102,000 Total certificates of deposit $ 474,570,000 $ 499,475,000 NOTE 6 –– SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS Information regarding securities sold under agreements to repurchase at year-end is summarized below: Outstanding balance at year-end Weighted average interest rate at year-end Average daily balance during the year Weighted average interest rate during the year 2012 2011 $ 64,765,000 0.13% $ 72,569,000 0.31% $ 61,930,000 0.25% $ 80,137,000 0.51% Maximum daily balance during the year $ 81,980,000 $ 116,397,000 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (““repurchase agreements””) generally have original maturities of less than one year. Repurchase agreements are treated as financings, and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as liabilities. Securities involved with the repurchase agreements are recorded as assets of our Bank and are held in safekeeping by a correspondent bank. Repurchase agreements are offered principally to certain large deposit customers. Repurchase agreements are secured by securities with an aggregate fair value equal to the aggregate outstanding balance. (Continued) F-75 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 7 - FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES Federal Home Loan Bank (““FHLB””) advances totaled $35.0 million at December 31, 2012. The FHLB advances mature at varying dates from March 2017 through September 2017, with fixed rates of interest from 1.22% to 1.51% and averaging 1.35%. FHLB advances totaled $45.0 million at December 31, 2011. The FHLB advances matured at varying dates ranging from March 2012 through January 2014, with fixed rates of interest from 3.04% to 4.42% and averaging 3.57%. During the third quarter of 2012, we modified the terms of two existing FHLB advances (totaling $15.0 million), extending the weighted average maturity from 1.3 years to 5.0 years and decreasing the weighted average interest rate from 3.10% to 1.51%. As the modification did not result in the terms being substantially different as defined by current accounting guidance, the transaction was accounted for as a modification, not extinguishment of debt. Accordingly, the prepayment fees incurred are amortized as an adjustment to the interest rate over the life of the new five-year advance. Each advance is payable at its maturity date, and is subject to a prepayment fee if paid prior to the maturity date. The advances are collateralized by residential mortgage loans, first mortgage liens on multi-family residential property loans, first mortgage liens on commercial real estate property loans, and substantially all other assets of our Bank, under a blanket lien arrangement. Our borrowing line of credit as of December 31, 2012 totaled $137.3 million, with availability of $96.3 million. Maturities over the next five years are: 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 $ 0 0 0 0 35,000,000 NOTE 8 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES The consolidated income tax expense (benefit) is as follows: 2012 2011 2010 Current expense (benefit) Deferred expense (benefit) Valuation allowance –– change in estimate Tax expense (benefit) $ $ 0 5,636,000 0 5,636,000 $ 0 0 (27,361,000) $ (27,361,000) $ $ 0 (47,000) 0 (47,000) 2011 reflects the reversal of the valuation allowance, which was established in 2009, related to a change in estimate about our ability to realize our net deferred tax assets in future years based on a change in circumstances. (Continued) F-76 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 8 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES (Continued) A reconciliation of the differences between the federal income tax expense (benefit) recorded and the amount computed by applying the federal statutory rate to income before income taxes is as follows: Tax at statutory rate (35%) Increase (decrease) from Tax-exempt interest Bank owned life insurance Change in valuation allowance Other Tax expense (benefit) 2012 2011 2010 $ 6,360,000 $ 3,543,000 $ (4,677,000) (486,000) (535,000) 0 297,000 5,636,000 (595,000) (622,000) (29,640,000) (47,000) $ (27,361,000) $ (706,000) (601,000) 5,896,000 41,000 (47,000) $ Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows: Deferred income tax assets Allowance for loan losses Deferred loan fees Deferred compensation Nonaccrual loan interest income Fair value write-downs on foreclosed properties Net operating loss carryforward Tax credit carryforwards Fair value of interest rate swap Contributions carryforwards Other Deferred income tax liabilities Depreciation Unrealized gain on securities Prepaid expenses Other Total net deferred tax asset 2012 2011 $ 10,037,000 229,000 506,000 892,000 2,124,000 8,236,000 1,198,000 390,000 256,000 369,000 24,237,000 491,000 1,278,000 339,000 113,000 2,221,000 $ 22,016,000 $ 12,786,000 145,000 502,000 635,000 2,136,000 11,201,000 977,000 0 400,000 318,000 29,100,000 549,000 2,042,000 383,000 113,000 3,087,000 $ 26,013,000 At December 31, 2012, we had carryforwards of the following tax attributes: gross federal net operating loss of $23.9 million that expires in years 2029 through 2031; general business tax credits of $0.6 million that expire in the years 2028 through 2032; and $0.6 million of federal alternative minimum tax credits with an indefinite life. $0.3 million of the gross federal net operating loss relates to unrealized excess benefits on stock-based compensation for which a tax benefit will be recorded to shareholders’’ equity when utilized. (Continued) F-77 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 8 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES (Continued) Accounting guidance requires us to assess whether a valuation allowance should be carried against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a ““more likely than not”” standard. In making such judgments, we consider both positive and negative evidence and analyze changes in near-term market conditions as well as other factors which may impact future operating results. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. During 2011, we returned to pre-tax profitability for four consecutive quarters. Additionally, we experienced lower provision expense, continued declines in nonperforming assets and problem asset administration costs, a higher net interest margin, further strengthening of our regulatory capital ratios, and additional reductions in wholesale funding. Our analysis of the positive and negative evidence led us to conclude that, as of December 31, 2011, it was more likely than not that we had returned to sustainable profitability in amounts sufficient to allow for realization of our deferred tax assets in future years. Consequently, in 2011 we reversed the valuation allowance that we had previously determined necessary to carry against our entire net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. $27.4 million of our December 31, 2010 valuation allowance was reversed due to this change in judgment and the remaining $2.2 million was reduced due to the tax effects of our 2011 pre-tax income. At December 31, 2012, the positive evidence, including that cited above, continues to outweigh any negative evidence and, therefore, we continue to believe it is more likely than not that we will be able to realize all of our deferred tax assets in future years. We had no unrecognized tax benefits at any time during 2012 or 2011 and do not anticipate any significant increase in unrecognized tax benefits during 2013. Should the accrual of any interest or penalties relative to unrecognized tax benefits be necessary, it is our policy to record such accruals in our income tax accounts; no such accruals existed at any time during 2012 or 2011. Our U.S. federal income tax returns are no longer subject to examination for all years before 2010. NOTE 9 –– STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Stock-based compensation plans are used to provide directors and employees with an increased incentive to contribute to our long-term performance and growth, to align the interests of directors and employees with the interests of our shareholders through the opportunity for increased stock ownership and to attract and retain directors and employees. From 1997 through 2005, stock option grants were provided to directors and certain employees through several stock option plans, including the 1997 Employee Stock Option Plan, 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan, 2004 Employee Stock Option Plan and Independent Director Stock Option Plan. During 2006, 2007 and 2008, stock option and restricted stock grants were provided to certain employees through the Stock Incentive Plan of 2006. No stock option or restricted stock grants were made during 2009, 2010 or 2011. During 2012, restricted stock grants were provided to directors and certain employees through the Stock Incentive Plan of 2006. Under our 1997 Employee Stock Option Plan, 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan and 2004 Employee Stock Option Plan, stock options granted to employees were granted at the market price on the date of grant, generally fully vested after one year and expired ten years from the date of grant. Stock options granted to non-executive officers during 2005 vested about three weeks after being granted. Under our Independent Director Stock Option Plan, stock options granted to non-employee directors are at 125% of the market price on the date of grant, fully vested after five years and expire ten years from the date of grant. (Continued) F-78 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 9 –– STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) The Stock Incentive Plan of 2006 replaced all of our outstanding stock option plans for stock options not previously granted. Under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2006, incentive awards may include, but are not limited to, stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and stock awards. Incentive awards that are stock options or stock appreciation rights are granted with an exercise price not less than the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant, or for stock options granted in 2006 or 2007, the day before the date of grant, if the closing price was higher on the day before the date of grant. Price, vesting and expiration date parameters are determined by Mercantile’’s Compensation Committee on a grant-by-grant basis. Generally, the stock options granted to employees during 2006, 2007 and 2008 fully vested after two years and expire after seven years. The restricted stock awards granted to certain employees during 2006, 2007 and 2008 fully vested after four years, while the restricted stock awards granted to directors and certain employees during 2012 fully vest after two years. No payments were required from employees for the restricted stock awards. At year-end 2012, there were approximately 366,000 shares authorized for future incentive awards. There was no unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted under our various stock- based compensation plans, and $0.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock granted under our Stock Incentive Plan of 2006 as of December 31, 2012, the latter of which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of about one year. A summary of restricted stock activity is as follows: 2012 2011 2010 Weighted Average Fair Value $ 6.20 14.30 6.20 6.20 Weighted Average Fair Value $ 11.02 NA 17.57 10.99 Shares 73,955 0 (28,533) (6,772) Weighted Average Fair Value $ 14.98 NA 37.76 14.62 Shares 91,233 0 (12,941) (4,337) Shares 38,650 66,100 (38,266) (384) 66,100 $ 14.30 38,650 $ 6.20 73,955 $ 11.02 Nonvested at beginning of year Granted Vested Forfeited Nonvested at end of year (Continued) F-79 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 9 –– STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) A summary of stock option activity is as follows: 2012 2011 2010 Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price 214,903 0 (50,930) (11,077) $ 22.40 NA 10.83 23.77 262,042 0 (8,800) (38,339) $ 21.18 NA 6.21 17.80 293,462 0 0 (31,420) $ 20.43 NA NA 14.15 152,896 $ 26.15 214,903 $ 22.40 262,042 $ 21.18 Outstanding at beginning of year Granted Exercised Forfeited or expired Outstanding at end of year Options exercisable at year-end 152,896 $ 26.15 212,643 $ 22.57 250,222 $ 21.86 The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using a closed option valuation (Black- Scholes) model that uses the assumptions noted in the table below. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatilities on our common stock. Historical data is used to estimate stock option expense and post-vesting termination behavior. The expected term of stock options granted is based on historical data and represents the period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, which takes into account that the stock options are not transferable. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the stock option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the stock option grant. No stock option grants were made during 2010, 2011 or 2012. Options outstanding at year-end 2012 were as follows: Outstanding Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices $ 6.21 - $ 8.00 $16.01 - $20.00 $24.01 - $28.00 $32.01 - $36.00 $36.01 - $40.00 $40.01 - $44.00 Weighted Average Weighted Average Exercise Price Remaining Contractual Life Number 20,500 37,485 19,916 56,105 14,844 4,046 2.9 Years 1.9 Years 0.8 Years 2.3 Years 0.9 Years 1.8 Years $ 6.21 17.74 26.61 34.75 37.94 40.28 Weighted Average Exercise Price $ 6.21 17.74 26.61 34.75 37.94 40.28 Number 20,500 37,485 19,916 56,105 14,844 4,046 Outstanding at year end 152,896 1.9 Years $ 26.15 152,896 $ 26.15 (Continued) F-80 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 9 –– STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) Information related to options outstanding at year-end 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows: Minimum exercise price Maximum exercise price Average remaining option term 2012 2011 2010 $ 6.21 40.28 1.9 Years $ 6.21 40.28 2.8 Years $ 6.21 40.28 3.5 Years Information related to stock option grants and exercises during 2012, 2011 and 2010 follows: 2012 2011 2010 Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised Cash received from stock option exercises Tax benefit realized from stock option exercises Weighted average per share fair value of stock options granted $ 307,000 228,000 0 $ 26,000 55,000 0 $ NA NA NA NA NA NA The aggregate intrinsic value of all stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2012 was $0.2 million. Shares issued as a result of the exercise of stock option grants have been authorized and previously unissued shares. NOTE 10 –– RELATED PARTIES Certain directors and executive officers of the Bank, including their immediate families and companies in which they are principal owners, were loan customers of the Bank. At year-end 2012 and 2011, the Bank had $2.9 million and $2.0 million in loan commitments to directors and executive officers, of which $1.4 million and $1.2 million were outstanding at year-end 2012 and 2011, respectively, as reflected in the following table. The line item entitled ““Adjustments”” primarily relates to Board member retirements during 2012 and 2011. Beginning balance New loans Repayments Adjustments Ending balance 2012 2011 $ 1,242,000 324,000 (110,000) (38,000) $ 10,881,000 147,000 (195,000) (9,591,000) $ 1,418,000 $ 1,242,000 Related party deposits and repurchase agreements totaled $3.3 million and $2.0 million at year-end 2012 and 2011, respectively. (Continued) F-81 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 11 –– COMMITMENTS AND OFF-BALANCE-SHEET RISK We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Loan commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by our Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized, if any, in the balance sheet. Our maximum exposure to loan loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. We use the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance sheet instruments. Collateral, such as accounts receivable, securities, inventory, and property and equipment, is generally obtained based on management’’s credit assessment of the borrower. If required, estimated loss exposure resulting from these instruments is expensed and generally recorded as a liability. There was no reserve or liability balance for these instruments as of December 31, 2012. At year-end 2012 and 2011, the rates on existing off-balance sheet instruments were substantially equivalent to current market rates, considering the underlying credit standing of the counterparties. Our maximum exposure to credit losses for loan commitments and standby letters of credit outstanding at year-end was as follows: Commercial unused lines of credit Unused lines of credit secured by 1 –– 4 family residential properties Credit card unused lines of credit Other consumer unused lines of credit Commitments to make loans Standby letters of credit 2012 2011 $ 222,237,000 $ 171,683,000 24,250,000 8,512,000 4,613,000 64,565,000 10,591,000 24,663,000 7,565,000 3,367,000 30,929,000 15,923,000 Total commitments $ 334,768,000 $ 254,130,000 Commitments to make loans generally reflect our binding obligations to existing and prospective customers to extend credit, including line of credit facilities secured by accounts receivable and inventory, and term debt secured by either real estate or equipment. In most instances, line of credit facilities are for a one-year term and are at a floating rate tied to the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate, the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate or the 30-Day Libor rate. For term debt secured by real estate, customers are generally offered a floating rate tied to the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate or Wall Street Journal Prime Rate, and a fixed rate currently ranging from 4.00% to 7.00%. These credit facilities generally balloon within five years, with payments based on amortizations ranging from 10 to 20 years. For term debt secured by non-real estate collateral, customers are generally offered a floating rate tied to the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate or Wall Street Journal Prime Rate, and a fixed rate currently ranging from 4.00% to 7.50%. These credit facilities generally mature and fully amortize within five years. (Continued) F-82 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 11 –– COMMITMENTS AND OFF-BALANCE-SHEET RISK (Continued) Certain of our commercial loan customers have entered into interest rate swap agreements directly with our correspondent banks. To assist our commercial loan customers in these transactions, and to encourage our correspondent banks to enter into the interest rate swap transactions with minimal credit underwriting analyses on their part, we have entered into risk participation agreements with the correspondent banks whereby we agree to make payments to the correspondent banks owed by our commercial loan customers under the interest rate swap agreement in the event that our commercial loan customers do not make the payments. We are not a party to the interest rate swap agreements under these arrangements. As of December 31, 2012, the total notional amount of the underlying interest rate swap agreements was $29.7 million, with a net fair value from our commercial loan customers’’ perspective of negative $4.1 million. These risk participation agreements are considered financial guarantees in accordance with applicable accounting guidance and are therefore recorded as liabilities at fair value, generally equal to the fees collected at the time of their execution. These liabilities are accreted into income during the terms of the interest rate swap agreements, generally ranging from an original term of four to fifteen years, and totaled $0.1 million at December 31, 2012 and $0.2 million at December 31, 2011. The following instruments are considered financial guarantees under current accounting guidance. These instruments are carried at fair value. 2012 Contract Amount Carrying Value 2011 Contract Amount Carrying Value Standby letters of credit $ 10,591,000 $ 218,000 $ 15,923,000 $ 210,000 We were required to have $1.2 million and $0.9 million of cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements at year-end 2012 and 2011, respectively. NOTE 12 –– BENEFIT PLANS We have a 401(k) benefit plan that covers substantially all of our employees. The percent of our matching contributions to the 401(k) benefit plan is determined annually by the Board of Directors. Effective May 1, 2011 we reinstated our matching contribution to the 401(k) benefit plan at 2% after having suspended matching contributions effective April 1, 2009. We raised the matching contribution to 3% as of January 1, 2012, and then up to 4% as of October 1, 2012. The 401(k) benefit plan allows employee contributions up to 50% of their compensation, which can be matched at 100% of the first 5% of the compensation contributed. Matching contributions, if made, are immediately vested. Our 2012, 2011 and 2010 matching 401(k) contributions charged to expense were $391,000, $160,000 and $0, respectively. We have a deferred compensation plan in which all persons serving on the Board of Directors may defer all or portions of their annual retainer and meeting fees, with distributions to be paid upon termination of service as a director or specific dates selected by the director. The deferred amounts are categorized on our financial statements as other borrowed money. The deferred balances are paid interest at a rate equal to the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate, adjusted at the beginning of each calendar quarter. Interest expense for the plan during 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $13,000, $17,000 and $19,000, respectively. We have a non-qualified deferred compensation program in which selected officers may defer all or portions of salary and bonus payments. The deferred amounts are categorized on our financial statements as other borrowed money. The deferred balances are paid interest at a rate equal to the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate, adjusted at the beginning of each calendar quarter. Interest expense for the plan during 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $32,000, $36,000 and $40,000, respectively. (Continued) F-83 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 12 –– BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) The Mercantile Bank Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan of 2002 (““Stock Purchase Plan””) is a non- compensatory plan intended to encourage full- and part-time employees of Mercantile and its subsidiaries to promote our best interests and to align employees’’ interests with the interests of our shareholders by permitting employees to purchase shares of our common stock through regular payroll deductions. Shares are purchased on the last business day of each calendar quarter at a price equal to the consolidated closing bid price of our common stock reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market. A total of 55,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the Stock Purchase Plan; however, the number of shares has been adjusted, and may continue to be adjusted in the future, to reflect stock dividends and other changes in our capitalization. The number of shares issued under the Stock Purchase Plan totaled 2,400 and 4,726 in 2012 and 2011, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, there were 5,040 shares available under the Stock Purchase Plan. NOTE 13 –– HEDGING ACTIVITIES Our interest rate risk policy includes guidelines for measuring and monitoring interest rate risk. Within these guidelines, parameters have been established for maximum fluctuations in net interest income. Possible fluctuations are measured and monitored using net interest income simulation. Our policy provides for the use of certain derivative instruments and hedging activities to aid in managing interest rate risk to within policy parameters. Approximately one-third of our assets are comprised of commercial loans on which the interest rates are variable; however, the interest rates on a significant portion of these loans will likely lag an increase in market interest rates under a rising interest rate environment. As of December 31, 2012, the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate was 4.50% compared to the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate of 3.25%. Historically, the two indices have been equal; however, we elected not to reduce the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate in late October and mid-December of 2008 when the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate declined by 50 and 75 basis points, respectively. It is our intent to keep the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate unchanged until the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate equals the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate, at which time the two indices will likely remain equal in future periods. In addition, a majority of our floating rate loans, whether tied to the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate, Wall Street Journal Prime Rate or Libor rates, have interest rate floors that are currently higher than the indexed rate provides for. To help mitigate the negative impact to our net interest income in an increasing interest rate environment resulting from our cost of funds likely increasing at a higher rate than the yield on our assets, we may periodically enter into derivative financial instruments. As of March 31, 2012, approximately 47% of our commercial loan portfolio was comprised of loans on which the interest rates were variable, with about 64% of that portion consisting of loans based on the Mercantile Bank Prime Rate. In June 2011, we simultaneously purchased and sold an interest rate cap with a correspondent bank, a structure commonly referred to as a ““cap corridor.”” The cap corridor, which does not qualify for hedge accounting, consisted of us purchasing a $100 million interest rate cap with a strike rate in close proximity to the then-current 30-day Libor rate and selling a $100 million interest rate cap with a strike rate that is 125 basis points higher than the purchased interest rate cap strike rate. On the settlement date, the present value of the purchased interest rate cap of $729,500 was recorded as an asset, while the present value of the sold interest rate cap of $213,500 was recorded as a liability. At each month end, the recorded balances of the purchased and sold interest rate caps are adjusted to reflect the current present values, with the offsetting entry being recorded to interest income on commercial loans. We recorded a net reduction of $254,000 to interest income on commercial loans to reflect the net change in present values during 2012. Payments made or received under the purchased and sold interest rate cap contracts, if any, are also recorded to interest income on commercial loans. No such payments were made or received during 2012. (Continued) F-84 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 13 –– HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued) In February 2012, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a correspondent bank to hedge the floating rate on our trust preferred securities. Our $32.0 million of trust preferred securities have a rate equal to the 90-Day Libor Rate plus a fixed spread of 218 basis points, and are subject to repricing quarterly. The interest rate swap agreement provides for us to pay our correspondent bank a fixed rate, while our correspondent bank will pay us the 90-Day Libor Rate on a $32.0 million notional amount. The quarterly re-set dates for the floating rate on the interest rate swap agreement are the same as the re-set dates for the floating rate on the trust preferred securities. While the trade date of the interest rate swap agreement was in February 2012, the effective date is not until January 2013, with a maturity date of January 2018. The interest rate swap agreement does qualify for hedge accounting; therefore, fluctuations in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement, net of tax effect, are recorded in other comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2012, the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement was recorded as a liability in the amount of $1.1 million. The fair value of the interest rate swap agreement on the trade date was $0. NOTE 14 –– FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Carrying amount, estimated fair value and level within the fair value hierarchy of financial instruments were as follows at year-end (dollars in thousands): Level in Fair Value Hierarchy 2012 2011 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value Financial assets Cash Cash equivalents Securities available for sale Federal Home Loan Bank stock Loans, net Bank owned life insurance Accrued interest receivable Purchased interest rate cap Financial liabilities Deposits Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Federal Home Loan Bank advances Subordinated debentures Accrued interest payable Sold interest rate cap Interest rate swap Level 1 Level 2 (1) Level 2 Level 3 Level 2 Level 2 (1) $ 1,576 $ $ 1,311 $ 134,427 138,314 11,961 1,012,512 50,048 3,874 4 1,576 134,427 138,314 11,961 1,004,541 50,048 3,874 4 75,061 172,992 11,961 1,035,890 48,520 4,403 312 1,311 75,061 172,992 11,961 1,035,164 48,520 4,403 312 Level 2 1,135,204 1,135,614 1,112,075 1,117,803 Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 (1) (1) 64,765 64,765 72,569 72,569 35,000 32,990 2,314 0 1,113 35,000 32,943 2,314 0 1,113 45,000 32,990 2,839 55 0 46,019 33,096 2,839 55 0 (1) See Note 15 for a description of the fair value hierarchy as well as a disclosure of levels for classes of financial assets and liabilities. (Continued) F-85 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 14 –– FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued) Carrying amount is the estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents, Federal Home Loan Bank stock, accrued interest receivable and payable, bank owned life insurance, demand deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and variable rate loans and deposits that reprice frequently and fully. Security fair values are based on market prices or dealer quotes, and if no such information is available, on the rate and term of the security and information about the issuer. For fixed rate loans and deposits and for variable rate loans and deposits with infrequent repricing or repricing limits, fair value is based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the estimated life and credit risk. Fair value of subordinated debentures and Federal Home Loan Bank advances is based on current rates for similar financing. Fair value of interest rate caps is determined primarily utilizing market-consensus forecasted yield curves. Fair value of off-balance sheet items is estimated to be nominal. Current accounting pronouncements require disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments as disclosed in Note 15. Given the current market conditions, a portion of our loan portfolio is not readily marketable and market prices do not exist. We have not attempted to market our loans to potential buyers, if any exist, to determine the fair value of those instruments. Since negotiated prices in illiquid markets depend upon the then present motivations of the buyer and seller, it is reasonable to assume that actual sales prices could vary widely from any estimate of fair value made without the benefit of negotiations. Additionally, changes in market interest rates can dramatically impact the value of financial instruments in a short period of time. Accordingly, the fair value measurements for loans included in the table above are unlikely to represent the instruments’’ liquidation values. NOTE 15 –– FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price of the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact. We are required to use valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect our own estimates about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, we utilize a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows: (Continued) F-86 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 15 –– FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access as of the measurement date. Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect our own estimates about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The following is a description of our valuation methodologies used to measure and disclose the fair values of our financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis: Securities available for sale. Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based on quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models. Level 2 securities include U.S. Government agency debt obligations, mortgage- backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies, municipal general obligation and revenue bonds, Michigan Strategic Fund bonds and mutual funds. We have no Level 1 or 3 securities available for sale. Mortgage loans held for sale. Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value and are measured on a nonrecurring basis. Fair value is based on independent quoted market prices, where applicable, or the prices for other mortgage whole loans with similar characteristics. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we determined that the fair value of our mortgage loans held for sale was similar to the cost; therefore, we carried the $3.5 million and $2.6 million, respectively, of such loans at cost so they are not included in the nonrecurring table below. Loans. We do not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, we record nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent loans to reflect partial write-downs or specific reserves that are based on the observable market price or current estimated value of the collateral. These loans are reported in the nonrecurring table below at initial recognition of impairment and on an ongoing basis until recovery or charge-off. Foreclosed assets. At time of foreclosure or repossession, foreclosed and repossessed assets are adjusted to fair value less costs to sell upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed and repossessed assets, establishing a new cost basis. We subsequently adjust estimated fair value on foreclosed assets on a nonrecurring basis to reflect write-downs based on revised fair value estimates. Derivatives. For interest rate cap contracts and interest rate swap agreements, we measure fair value utilizing models that use primarily market observable inputs, such as forecasted yield curves, and accordingly, interest rate cap contracts and interest rate swap agreements are classified as Level 2. (Continued) F-87 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 15 –– FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 are as follows: Available for sale securities U.S. Government agency debt obligations Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Municipal general obligation bonds Municipal revenue bonds Mutual funds Derivatives Total $ 79,098,000 21,996,000 11,255,000 22,743,000 1,817,000 1,405,000 Interest rate cap contracts Interest rate swap agreement Total 4,000 (1,113,000) $ 137,205,000 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) $ $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ 79,098,000 21,996,000 11,255,000 22,743,000 1,817,000 1,405,000 4,000 (1,113,000) $ 137,205,000 $ $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 There were no transfers in or out of Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during 2012. The balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2011 are as follows: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Total Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Available for sale securities U.S. Government agency debt obligations Mortgage-backed securities Michigan Strategic Fund bonds Municipal general obligation bonds Municipal revenue bonds Mutual funds Derivatives $ 88,596,000 34,610,000 16,700,000 $ 27,309,000 4,423,000 1,354,000 Interest rate cap contracts Total 257,000 $ 173,249,000 $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 88,596,000 34,610,000 16,700,000 $ 27,309,000 4,423,000 1,354,000 257,000 $ 173,249,000 $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 There were no transfers in or out of Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during 2011. (Continued) F-88 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 15 –– FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis The balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2012 are as follows: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Total Impaired loans (1) Foreclosed assets (1) Total $ 34,406,000 6,970,000 $ 41,376,000 $ $ 0 0 0 Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) $ $ 0 0 0 Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ 34,406,000 6,970,000 $ 41,376,000 The balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2011 are as follows: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Total Impaired loans (1) Foreclosed assets (1) Total $ 44,915,000 15,282,000 $ 60,197,000 $ $ 0 0 0 Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) $ $ 0 0 0 Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ 44,915,000 15,282,000 $ 60,197,000 (1) Represents carrying value and related write-downs for which adjustments are based on the estimated value of the property or other assets. Fair value estimates of collateral on impaired loans, as well as on foreclosed assets, are reviewed periodically. Our credit policies establish criteria for obtaining appraisals and determining internal value estimates. We may also adjust outside appraisals and internal evaluations based on identifiable trends within our markets, such as sales of similar properties or assets, listing prices and offers received. In addition, we may discount certain appraised and internal value estimates to address current distressed market conditions. (Continued) F-89 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 16 –– EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE The factors used in the earnings (loss) per share computation follow: Basic Net income (loss) attributable to common shares $ 11,505,000 $ 36,142,000 $(14,611,000) 2012 2011 2010 Weighted average common shares outstanding 8,625,198 8,602,845 8,507,572 Basic earnings (loss) per common share $ 1.33 $ 4.20 $ (1.72) Diluted Net income (loss) attributable to common shares $ 11,505,000 $ 36,142,000 $(14,611,000) Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings (loss) per common share 8,625,198 8,602,845 8,507,572 Add: Dilutive effects of share-based awards 224,429 275,335 0 Average shares and dilutive potential common shares 8,849,627 8,878,180 8,507,572 Diluted earnings (loss) per common share $ 1.30 $ 4.07 $ (1.72) Stock options for approximately 132,000 shares of common stock were antidilutive and were not included in determining dilutive earnings per share in 2012. Stock options for approximately 167,000 shares of common stock were antidilutive and were not included in determining dilutive earnings per share in 2011. Due to our net loss in 2010, approximately 74,000 unvested restricted shares were not included in determining both basic and diluted earnings per share. In addition, stock options and a stock warrant for approximately 262,000 and 616,000 shares of common stock, respectively, were antidilutive and were not included in determining diluted earnings per share. Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding equals the weighted average basic common shares outstanding during 2010 due to the net loss recorded during the period. (Continued) F-90 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 17 –– SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES Our trust, a business trust formed by Mercantile, was organized in 2004 for the purpose of issuing Series A and Series B Preferred Securities. On September 16, 2004, our trust sold the Series A Preferred Securities in a private sale for $16.0 million, and also sold $495,000 of Series A Common Securities to Mercantile. The proceeds of the Series A Preferred Securities and the Series A Common Securities were used by the trust to purchase $16,495,000 of Series A Floating Rate Notes that were issued by Mercantile on September 16, 2004. Mercantile used the proceeds of the Series A Floating Rate Notes to finance the redemption on September 17, 2004 of the $16.0 million of 9.60% Cumulative Preferred Securities issued in 1999 by MBWM Capital Trust I. On December 10, 2004, our trust sold the Series B Preferred Securities in a private sale for $16.0 million, and also sold $495,000 of Series B Common Securities to Mercantile. The proceeds of the Series B Preferred Securities and the Series B Common Securities were used by our trust to purchase $16,495,000 of Series B Floating Rate Notes that were issued by Mercantile on December 10, 2004. Substantially all of the net proceeds of the Series B Floating Rate Notes were contributed to our Bank as capital to provide support for asset growth, fund investments in loans and securities and for general corporate purposes. The only significant assets of our trust are the Series A and Series B Floating Rate Notes, and the only significant liabilities of our trust are the Series A and Series B Preferred Securities. The Series A and Series B Floating Rate Notes are categorized on our consolidated balance sheets as subordinated debentures and the interest expense is recorded on our consolidated statements of income under interest expense on other borrowings. NOTE 18 - REGULATORY MATTERS We are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors, and the regulators can lower classifications in certain cases. Failure to meet various capital requirements can initiate regulatory action that could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. The prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications, including well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If an institution is not well capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. Subject to limited exceptions, no institution may make a capital distribution if, after making the distribution, it would be undercapitalized. If an institution is undercapitalized, it is subject to close monitoring by its principal federal regulator, its asset growth and expansion are restricted, and plans for capital restoration are required. In addition, further specific types of restrictions may be imposed on the institution at the discretion of the federal regulator. At year-end 2012 and 2011, our Bank was in the well capitalized category under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since December 31, 2012 that we believe has changed our Bank’’s categorization. (Continued) F-91 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 18 - REGULATORY MATTERS (Continued) Our actual capital levels (dollars in thousands) and minimum required levels were: Actual Amount Ratio Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes Ratio Amount Minimum Required to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations Ratio Amount $ 173,323 173,828 14.6% 14.7 $ 94,738 94,629 8.0% 8.0 $ NA 118,286 NA 10.0% 158,349 158,871 13.4 13.4 158,349 158,871 11.3 11.4 47,369 47,315 55,995 55,937 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 NA 70,972 NA 6.0 NA 69,922 NA 5.0 $ 187,940 188,378 15.5% 15.5 $ 97,237 97,203 8.0% 8.0 $ NA 121,504 NA 10.0% 172,469 172,910 14.2 14.2 172,469 172,910 12.1 12.1 48,619 48,602 57,072 57,199 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 NA 72,902 NA 6.0 NA 71,499 NA 5.0 2012 Total capital (to risk weighted assets) Consolidated Bank Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) Consolidated Bank Tier 1 capital (to average assets) Consolidated Bank 2011 Total capital (to risk weighted assets) Consolidated Bank Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) Consolidated Bank Tier 1 capital (to average assets) Consolidated Bank Federal and state banking laws and regulations place certain restrictions on the amount of dividends our Bank can transfer to Mercantile and on the capital levels that must be maintained. At year-end 2012, under the most restrictive of these regulations (to remain well capitalized), our Bank could distribute approximately $23.0 million to Mercantile as dividends without prior regulatory approval. Our and our bank’’s ability to pay cash and stock dividends is subject to limitations under various laws and regulations and to prudent and sound banking practices. On October 11, 2012, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.09 per share, that was paid on December 10, 2012 to shareholders of record as of November 9, 2012. This represented our first common stock cash dividend since the first quarter of 2010, as in April 2010 we had suspended payments of cash dividends on our common stock. On January 10, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.10 per share, that was paid on March 8, 2013 to shareholders of record as of February 8, 2013. (Continued) F-92 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 18 - REGULATORY MATTERS (Continued) Our consolidated capital levels as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 include $32.0 million of trust preferred securities issued by the trust in September 2004 and December 2004 subject to certain limitations. Under applicable Federal Reserve guidelines, the trust preferred securities constitute a restricted core capital element. The guidelines provide that the aggregate amount of restricted core elements that may be included in Tier 1 capital must not exceed 25% of the sum of all core capital elements, including restricted core capital elements, net of goodwill less any associated deferred tax liability. Our ability to include the trust preferred securities in Tier 1 capital in accordance with the guidelines is not affected by the provision of the Dodd-Frank Act generally restricting such treatment, because (i) the trust preferred securities were issued before May 19, 2010, and (ii) our total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009 were less than $15.0 billion. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, all $32.0 million of the trust preferred securities were included as Tier 1 capital of Mercantile. NOTE 19 –– U.S. TREASURY CAPITAL PURCHASE PROGRAM PARTICIPATION On May 15, 2009, we completed the sale of preferred stock and a warrant for common stock to the United States Treasury Department (““Treasury””) for $21.0 million under the Treasury’’s Capital Purchase Program. The program was designed to attract broad participation by healthy banking institutions to help stabilize the financial system and increase lending for the benefit of the U.S. economy. Under the terms of the sale, the Treasury received 21,000 shares of fixed rate cumulative perpetual preferred stock with a liquidation value of $1,000 per share and a warrant to purchase 616,438 shares of our common stock, no par value, in exchange for $21.0 million. The preferred stock qualified as Tier 1 capital and paid cumulative dividends at a rate of 5.00% for the first five years, and 9.00% thereafter. The common stock warrant had a 10-year term and was immediately exercisable upon its issuance, with an exercise price equal to $5.11 per share. The Treasury agreed not to exercise voting power with respect to any shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the warrant, while it held the shares. We allocated the $21.0 million in proceeds to the preferred stock and the common stock warrant based on their relative fair values. To determine the fair value of the preferred stock, we used a discounted cash flow model that assumed redemption of the preferred stock at the end of year 5. The discount rate utilized was 12.00% and the estimated fair value was determined to be $15.5 million. The fair value of the common stock warrant was estimated to be $0.9 million using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 1.00%; risk-free interest rate of 1.99%; expected life of five years; expected volatility of 53.00%; and a weighted average fair value of $3.92 per share. The aggregate fair value for both the preferred stock and the common stock warrant was determined to be $16.4 million, with 94.6% of this aggregate attributable to the preferred stock and 5.4% attributable to the common stock warrants. Therefore, the $21.0 million issuance was allocated with $19.9 million being assigned to the preferred stock and $1.1 million being assigned to the common stock warrant. The sum of the $1.1 million difference between the $21.0 million face value of the preferred stock and the $19.9 million allocated to it upon issuance and $0.2 million of direct costs associated with the transaction, or $1.3 million, was recorded as a discount on the preferred stock. The $1.3 million discount was being accreted, using the effective interest method, as a reduction in net income available to common shareholders over the five-year period at approximately $0.2 million to $0.3 million per year. (Continued) F-93 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 19 –– U.S. TREASURY CAPITAL PURCHASE PROGRAM PARTICIPATION (Continued) During the second quarter of 2012, we consummated the repurchase of the $21.0 million in preferred stock at par from the Treasury following approval from the Federal Reserve and consultation with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. To fund the repurchase, our bank paid us cash dividends aggregating approximately the same amount. We recorded a reduction of retained earnings of approximately $0.6 million in the second quarter of 2012 resulting from the accelerated discount on the preferred stock which was being amortized over an original period of five years from the issuance date of May 15, 2009. During the third quarter of 2012, we consummated the repurchase of the warrant for approximately $7.5 million from the Treasury. To fund the repurchase, our bank paid us a cash dividend of approximately the same amount. As part of the repurchase, we recorded a reduction in shareholders’’ equity of approximately $7.5 million during the third quarter of 2012. NOTE 20 - OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Other comprehensive income (loss) components, other than net income (loss), and related taxes were as follows: Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities Unrealized holding gain on securities transferred from held to maturity to available for sale Fair value of interest rate swap Reclassification adjustments for gains on interest rate swaps later recognized in income Tax effect of unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities Tax effect of unrealized holding gain on securities transferred from held to maturity to available for sale Tax effect of fair value of interest rate swap Tax effect of reclassification adjustments for gains on interest rate swaps later recognized in income 2012 2011 2010 $ (2,184,000) $ 3,851,000 $ (345,000) 0 (1,113,000) 0 0 0 (3,297,000) 0 3,851,000 421,000 0 (99,000) (23,000) 1,229,000 (1,348,000) 101,000 0 390,000 0 0 0 0 (147,000) 0 35,000 Other comprehensive income (loss) $ (1,678,000) $ 2,503,000 $ (34,000) At December 31, 2012, accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax effects (as applicable), consists of a net unrealized gain on available for sale securities of $2.4 million and the fair value of the interest rate swap of negative $0.7 million. At December 31, 2011, accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax effects (as applicable), consists of a net unrealized gain on available for sale securities of $3.3 million. At December 31, 2010, accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax effects (as applicable), consists of a net unrealized gain on available for sale securities of $0.8 million. (Continued) F-94 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 21 - QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) Interest Income Net Interest Income Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shares Earnings (Loss) per Share Diluted Basic $ 15,553,000 14,930,000 14,768,000 14,666,000 $ 11,869,000 11,511,000 11,584,000 11,737,000 $ 2,552,000 3,288,000 2,616,000 3,049,000 $ 0.30 0.38 0.30 0.35 $ 19,159,000 18,460,000 17,044,000 16,406,000 $ 13,449,000 13,158,000 12,295,000 12,335,000 $ 1,088,000 2,381,000 2,682,000 29,991,000 $ 0.13 0.28 0.31 3.49 $ 23,189,000 22,696,000 21,734,000 20,524,000 $ 14,306,000 14,421,000 13,935,000 13,687,000 $ (2,963,000) (684,000) (5,682,000) (5,282,000) $ (0.35) (0.08) (0.67) (0.62) $ 0.28 0.36 0.30 0.35 $ 0.12 0.27 0.30 3.37 $ (0.35) (0.08) (0.67) (0.62) 2012 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2011 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2010 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter During the fourth quarter of 2011, we fully reversed our previously established net deferred tax asset valuation allowance resulting in a federal income tax benefit of $27.4 million. NOTE 22 –– MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Following are condensed parent company only financial statements: CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents Investment in bank subsidiary Other assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’’ EQUITY Liabilities Subordinated debentures Shareholders’’ equity 2012 2011 $ 473,000 173,019,000 7,433,000 $ 542,000 192,703,000 5,151,000 $ 180,925,000 $ 198,396,000 $ 1,345,000 32,990,000 146,590,000 $ 407,000 32,990,000 164,999,000 Total liabilities and shareholders’’ equity $ 180,925,000 $ 198,396,000 (Continued) F-95 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 22 –– MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME Income Interest and dividends from subsidiaries Total income Expenses Interest expense Other operating expenses Total expenses 2012 2011 2010 $ 32,532,000 32,532,000 $ 4,974,000 4,974,000 $ 1,104,000 1,104,000 884,000 1,048,000 1,932,000 847,000 1,059,000 1,906,000 848,000 1,551,000 2,399,000 Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) and equity in undistributed net income (loss) of subsidiary 30,600,000 3,068,000 (1,295,000) Federal income tax expense (benefit) (665,000) (2,272,000) (47,000) Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of subsidiary (18,730,000) 32,145,000 (12,068,000) Net income (loss) 12,535,000 37,485,000 (13,316,000) Preferred stock dividends and accretion 1,030,000 1,343,000 1,295,000 Net income (loss) attributable to common shares $ 11,505,000 $ 36,142,000 $ (14,611,000) (Continued) F-96 MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 and 2011 NOTE 22 –– MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from (for) operating activities: Equity in undistributed (income) loss of subsidiary Stock-based compensation expense Change in other assets Change in other liabilities Net cash from (for) operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Net capital investment into subsidiaries Net cash for investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Repurchase of preferred stock Repurchase of common stock warrant Stock option exercises, net of cashless exercises Employee stock purchase plan Dividend reinvestment plan Cash dividends on preferred stock Cash dividends on common stock Net cash from (for) financing activities 2012 2011 2010 $ 12,535,000 $ 37,485,000 $ (13,316,000) 18,730,000 54,000 (3,006,000) 1,073,000 29,386,000 (32,145,000) 61,000 (3,619,000) (956,000) 826,000 12,068,000 275,000 (124,000) 963,000 (134,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 (21,000,000) (7,465,000) 227,000 39,000 14,000 (496,000) (774,000) (29,455,000) 0 0 55,000 42,000 6,000 (1,620,000) 0 (1,517,000) 0 0 0 47,000 2,000 (525,000) (85,000) (561,000) Net change in cash and cash equivalents (69,000) (691,000) (695,000) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 542,000 1,233,000 1,928,000 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 473,000 $ 542,000 $ 1,233,000 F-97 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on March 14, 2013. MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION /s/ Michael H. Price Michael H. Price Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 14, 2013. /s/ Kirk J. Agerson Kirk J. Agerson, Director /s/ David M. Cassard David M. Cassard, Director /s/ Edward J. Clark Edward J. Clark, Director /s/ John F. Donnelly John F. Donnelly, Director /s/ Michael D. Faas Michael D. Faas, Director /s/ Doyle A. Hayes Doyle A. Hayes, Director /s/ Susan K. Jones Susan K. Jones, Director /s/ Robert B. Kaminski, Jr. Robert B. Kaminski, Jr., Director, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Secretary /s/ Calvin D. Murdock Calvin D. Murdock, Director /s/ Michael H. Price Michael H. Price, Chairman of the Board President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) /s/ Timothy O. Schad Timothy O. Schad, Director s/ Charles E. Christmas Charles E. Christmas, Senior Vice President Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial and accounting officer) Our commitment goes beyond banking 15-Year Anniversary December 15, 2012 marked the 15-year anniversary of Mercantile Bank and we celebrated in a number of ways. We hosted customer appreciation events, rededicated our bank headquarters, and opened the NASDAQ Stock Market in December. We also created the 15 Days of Giving Together program in November 2012. Mercantile donated $1,000 every day for 15 days to a local charity. Nearly 15,000 participants voted for their favorite charity by visiting Mercantile’s Facebook page and on day 15, we gave away another $5,000 to one of the nominated charities. Court Appointed Special Advocates (“CASA”) of Kent County was the recipient, as well as earning matching dollars from the Childcare Fund. We are proud to contribute to the mission of these non-profits, and we plan to continue a similar program in 2013. We recently launched “Giving Together”, where we will be donating $5,000 to one non-profit organization every quarter. We will select 10 organizations from our submissions each quarter as candidates for a public vote at www.MercantileGivingTogether.com. Upward Bound $100,000 Donation In January 2013, Mercantile donated $50,000 to each of two foundations that support the local Upward Bound program in Grand Rapids. Upward Bound is a national program started locally in 1978 by Grand Valley State University and Grand Rapids Community College for students enrolled in public high schools. Upward Bound serves students of low-income families and first generation college students with the goal of increasing graduation rates in both secondary education and college. Students begin enrollment into the program during their freshman year of high school at an annual cost of approximately $5,000 for the entire program. Upward Bound programs provide academic instruction in mathematics, laboratory sciences, composition, literature, and foreign languages, as well as tutoring, counseling, mentoring, cultural enrichment, and work-study programs. In the Grand Rapids program, which has 193 enrollees, 95 percent of the students who have enrolled in Upward Bound successfully completed the program and more than 90 percent have gone on to college. MERCANTILE BANK CORPORATION 2012 ANNUAL REPORT 310 Leonard Street, NW | Grand Rapids, MI 49504 | 888.345.6296 | mercbank.com Mercantile Bank Corporation, MercMobile and Merc@Home are registered trademarks of Mercantile Bank Corporation. Mercantile My Card is also a trademark of Mercantile Bank Corporation. All other trade names or trademarks appearing herein are the sole property of the owners of those names. 002CSN7866 COVER PHOTO BY ADAM BIRD 

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