UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
__________________________
FORM 10-K
__________________________
(Mark One)
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-35551
__________________________
FACEBOOK, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
__________________________
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
20-1665019
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1601 Willow Road, Menlo Park, California 94025
(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)
(650) 543-4800
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
__________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Class A Common Stock, $0.000006 par value
(Title of each class)
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(Name of each exchange on which registered)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange
Act) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit and post such files). Yes
No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be
contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment
to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition
of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
No
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 28, 2013, the last business day of the registrant's
most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $49,067,097,971 based upon the closing price reported for such date on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
On January 28, 2014, the registrant had 1,975,722,473 shares of Class A common stock and 574,020,314 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant's fiscal
year ended December 31, 2013.
FACEBOOK, INC.
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Note About Forward-Looking Statements
Limitations of Key Metrics and Other Data
PART I
Item1.
Business
Item1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2.
Properties
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Signatures
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NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K other than statements of historical fact, including
statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future
operations, are forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "expect,"
and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on
our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of
operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking
statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors"
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge
from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business
or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any
forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or
implied in the forward-looking statements.
We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as
required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Unless expressly indicated or the context requires otherwise, the terms "Facebook," "company," "we," "us," and "our" in this
document refer to Facebook, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and, where appropriate, its wholly owned subsidiaries. The term "Facebook"
may also refer to our products, regardless of the manner in which they are accessed. For references to accessing Facebook on the "web"
or via a "website," such terms refer to accessing Facebook on desktop or personal computers. For references to accessing Facebook on
"mobile," such term refers to accessing Facebook via a mobile application or via a mobile-optimized version of our website such as
m.facebook.com, whether on a mobile phone or tablet.
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LIMITATIONS OF KEY METRICS AND OTHER DATA
The numbers for our key metrics, which include our daily active users (DAUs), mobile DAUs, monthly active users (MAUs),
mobile MAUs, and average revenue per user (ARPU), as well as certain other metrics such as mobile-only DAUs and mobile-only MAUs,
are calculated using internal company data based on the activity of user accounts. While these numbers are based on what we believe to
be reasonable estimates of our user base for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring usage of
our products across large online and mobile populations around the world. For example, there may be individuals who maintain one or
more Facebook accounts in violation of our terms of service. We estimate, for example, that "duplicate" accounts (an account that a user
maintains in addition to his or her principal account) may have represented between approximately 4.3% and 7.9% of our worldwide
MAUs in 2013. We also seek to identify "false" accounts, which we divide into two categories: (1) user-misclassified accounts, where
users have created personal profiles for a business, organization, or non-human entity such as a pet (such entities are permitted on Facebook
using a Page rather than a personal profile under our terms of service); and (2) undesirable accounts, which represent user profiles that
we determine are intended to be used for purposes that violate our terms of service, such as spamming. In 2013, for example, we estimate
user-misclassified accounts may have represented between approximately 0.8% and 2.1% of our worldwide MAUs and undesirable
accounts may have represented between approximately 0.4% and 1.2% of our worldwide MAUs. We believe the percentage of accounts
that are duplicate or false is meaningfully lower in developed markets such as the United States or United Kingdom and higher in
developing markets such as India and Turkey. However, these estimates are based on an internal review of a limited sample of accounts
and we apply significant judgment in making this determination, such as identifying names that appear to be fake or other behavior that
appears inauthentic to the reviewers. As such, our estimation of duplicate or false accounts may not accurately represent the actual number
of such accounts. We are continually seeking to improve our ability to identify duplicate or false accounts and estimate the total number
of such accounts, and such estimates may change due to improvements or changes in our methodology. Due to inherent variability in
such estimates at particular dates of measurement, we disclose these estimates as a range over a recent period.
Our data limitations may affect our understanding of certain details of our business. For example, while user-provided data
indicates a decline in usage among younger users, this age data is unreliable because a disproportionate number of our younger users
register with an inaccurate age. In the third quarter of 2013, we worked with third parties to develop models to more accurately analyze
user data by age in the United States. These models suggested that usage by U.S. teens overall was stable, but that DAUs among younger
U.S. teens had declined. The data and models we are using are not precise and our understanding of usage by age group may not be
complete.
Some of our historical metrics through the second quarter of 2012 were also affected by applications on certain mobile devices
that automatically contact our servers for regular updates with no user action involved, and this activity can cause our system to count
the user associated with such a device as an active user on the day such contact occurs. For example, we estimate that less than 5% of
our estimated worldwide DAUs as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 resulted from this type of automatic mobile activity, and that this
type of activity had a substantially smaller effect on our estimate of worldwide MAUs and mobile MAUs. The impact of this automatic
activity on our metrics varies by geography because mobile usage varies in different regions of the world. In addition, our data regarding
the geographic location of our users is estimated based on a number of factors, such as the user's IP address and self-disclosed location.
These factors may not always accurately reflect the user's actual location. For example, a mobile-only user may appear to be accessing
Facebook from the location of the proxy server that the user connects to rather than from the user's actual location. The methodologies
used to measure user metrics may also be susceptible to algorithm or other technical errors. For example, in early June 2012, we discovered
an error in the algorithm we used to estimate the geographic location of our users that affected our attribution of certain user locations
for the period ended March 31, 2012. While this issue did not affect our overall worldwide DAU and MAU numbers, it did affect our
attribution of users across different geographic regions. We estimate that the number of MAUs as of March 31, 2012 for the United States
& Canada region was overstated as a result of the error by approximately 3% and this overstatement was offset by understatements in
other regions. The number of such users for the period ended March 31, 2012 disclosed in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Trends in Our User Metrics" reflect the reclassification to more correctly attribute users
by geographic region. Our estimates for revenue by user location and revenue by user device are also affected by these factors. We
regularly review and may adjust our processes for calculating these metrics to improve their accuracy. In addition, our DAU and MAU
estimates will differ from estimates published by third parties due to differences in methodology. For example, some third parties are not
able to accurately measure mobile users or do not count mobile users for certain user groups or at all in their analyses.
The numbers of DAUs, mobile DAUs, MAUs, mobile MAUs, mobile-only DAUs and mobile-only MAUs discussed in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K, as well as ARPU, do not include users of Instagram unless they would otherwise qualify as such users, respectively,
based on their other activities on Facebook. In addition, other user engagement metrics included herein do not include Instagram unless
otherwise specifically stated.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Overview
Our mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected.
We build technology to enable faster, easier and richer communication. Hundreds of millions of people use Facebook's websites
and mobile applications every day to stay connected with their friends and family, to discover and learn what is going on in the world
around them, and to share and express what matters to them to the people they care about.
Our business focuses on creating value for users, marketers, and developers.
How We Create Value for People Who Use Facebook
Our top priority is to build useful and engaging products that enable people to:
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Connect and Share with Friends. With more than 1.2 billion monthly active users (MAUs) worldwide, Facebook users
are able to find and stay connected with their friends, family, and colleagues on Facebook.
Discover and Learn. We believe that people come to Facebook to discover and learn more about what is going on in the
world around them, particularly in the lives of their friends and family and with public figures and organizations that
interest them. Each person's experience on Facebook is unique based on the content shared by his or her friends and
connections.
Express Yourself. We enable people to share their opinions, ideas, photos and videos, and activities with audiences ranging
from their closest friends to the public at large, giving everyone a voice within the Facebook community. Through
Facebook's privacy and sharing settings, people can control what they share and with whom they share it.
Stay Connected Everywhere. People can access Facebook through our website, mobile sites, smartphone applications,
and feature phone products. Through mobile and web applications built by developers that integrate with Facebook, people
can interact with their Facebook friends while playing games, listening to music, watching movies, reading news, and
engaging in other activities across the web and on mobile devices.
We had 757 million daily active users (DAUs) on average in December 2013, an increase of 22% compared to December 2012.
We had 556 million DAUs who accessed Facebook from a mobile device on average in December 2013, an increase of 49% compared
to December 2012.
\How We Create Value for Marketers
Facebook focuses on providing value for all kinds of marketers, including brand marketers, direct marketers, small and medium-
sized businesses, and developers. We help marketers achieve their business objectives, such as increasing online sales, in-store sales,
or awareness of their brands, products, or services. We generate the substantial majority of our revenue from selling advertising
placements to marketers.
We offer marketers the following benefits:
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Targeted Reach. With over 1.2 billion MAUs using our service every month, Facebook offers marketers the ability to
reach their existing and prospective customers. Marketers can target their ads to people on Facebook based on demographic
factors such as age, location, gender, education, and specific interests that users have chosen to share with us. In addition,
marketers may choose to match their own data or third-party data with ours, so they can find existing customers or potential
new ones directly on Facebook. We also offer marketers the ability to include social context with their marketing messages.
Social context is information that highlights a friend's connections with a particular brand or business, and we believe
that social context improves ad effectiveness.
Engagement. We offer marketers access to one of the most highly engaged consumer networks in the world. According
to eMarketer, in 2013, people spent more time with digital media than watching TV for the first time. We believe marketing
dollars will follow this shift in consumer time, and we offer marketers a place to shift their spend given our large and
highly engaged audience.
Facebook Ads. Our ads offer marketers the opportunity to communicate their messages to consumers and to direct them
to specific destinations such as a web page or a Facebook Page. Marketers purchase ads that can appear in multiple
locations including in the right-hand side of most page types on personal computers and in the News Feed on personal
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computers or mobile devices. Our ads are effectively integrated into the Facebook experience in a manner designed to
deliver impressive returns for marketers while optimizing the user experience.
Facebook Ad System. Our ad creation tools are designed to align with marketers’ advertising goals. When marketers
create an ad campaign on Facebook, they can specify their marketing objectives and the types of people they want to
reach. In addition, marketers can use our products such as Custom Audiences to more precisely target people such as
those who have previously expressed interest in that particular marketer. Using our ad system, marketers indicate the
maximum price they are willing to pay for their ad, either per click (CPC), per action (CPA), or per thousand impressions
(CPM), and their maximum budget. Our system also supports guaranteed delivery of a fixed number of ad impressions
for a fixed price. Facebook's ad serving technology dynamically determines the best available ad to show each user based
on the combination of the user's unique attributes and the real-time comparison of bids from eligible ads. We enable
marketers to deploy and adjust campaigns rapidly.
Ad Measurement. Marketers can use our platform to track and optimize both the in-store and online performance of their
ad campaigns. Offline and online conversion measurement and partnerships with third parties help marketers understand
how their ad investments impact specific business outcomes (e.g. in-store sales, offsite conversions, application installs).
These insights also help marketers make modifications to their ad campaigns to maximize results.
How We Create Value for Developers
Facebook provides a set of development tools and application programming interfaces (APIs) that enable developers to easily
integrate with Facebook to create mobile and web applications. We are focused on providing developers with unique tools to support
their mobile and web applications. We generate revenue from developers who use our Payments infrastructure to sell virtual and
digital goods to our users on personal computers. We also generate revenue from developers who choose to purchase ads from us.
We support developers’ efforts to build, grow, and monetize their mobile and web applications:
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Build. We provide tools and services that accelerate and enhance cross-platform mobile and web application development.
With Facebook Login, developers can offer their users a single identity across platforms, which provides a fast and secure
way for people to sign in. Facebook Login also enables developers to design applications that feel familiar to each user
by bringing their Facebook identity to the application experience. Through our Parse service, we enable developers to
focus on creating engaging front-end user experiences while using our service to handle complex back-end infrastructure,
services and server maintenance.
Grow. We provide developers with tools to increase the exposure, distribution and engagement of their mobile and web
applications. By using our tools for sharing, invites, requests, and mobile application ads, developers have unique ways
to drive application discovery and user engagement. Mobile application ads enable developers to grow awareness and
usage of their applications and can feature a call to action such as "install" or "shop now." Mobile application ads for
"install" actions appear in the Facebook News Feed and take people directly to the application store to download. If a
mobile developer would like to target users who already have their application installed, they can link users from the
News Feed ad to a customized, specific location inside the application, such as a sale, promotion or specific content such
as a new album or hotel listing. In addition, social plugins, such as the Like button, are social features that developers
can easily integrate with their websites by incorporating a few lines of HTML code. Social plugins enable developers to
provide engaging and personalized social experiences to their users.
• Monetize. On the web, we provide an online Payments infrastructure that enables developers to receive payments from
our users in an easy-to-use, secure, and trusted environment. Our Payments infrastructure enables users on personal
computers to purchase virtual or digital goods from developers and third-party websites by using debit and credit cards,
PayPal, mobile phone payments, gift cards or other methods. Currently, substantially all of our Payments revenue is from
users' purchases of virtual goods used in social games on personal computers. We receive a fee of up to 30% when users
make such purchases from developers using our Payments infrastructure. In 2013, developers received more than $2.1
billion from transactions enabled by our Payments infrastructure. While mobile applications can also integrate with
Facebook, mobile applications do not process transactions using our Payments infrastructure.
Our Products
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Facebook. The Facebook mobile app and website enable people to connect, share, discover, and communicate with each
other on mobile devices and personal computers. Facebook is free and available throughout the world. The Facebook
website and mobile app includes the following features:
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News Feed. News Feed is the core feature of a person's homepage on the Facebook website and mobile app and
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is a regularly updating list of stories from friends, Pages, and other entities to which the person is connected. It
includes posts, photos, event updates, group memberships, application updates, and other activities. Each person's
News Feed is personalized based on his or her interests and the sharing activity of his or her friends and connections.
Stories in each person's News Feed are prioritized based on several factors, including how many friends have
Liked or Commented on a certain piece of content, who posted the content, and what type of content it is.
Timeline. Timeline allows people to organize and display the events and activities that matter most to them,
enabling them to curate their memories in a searchable personal narrative that is organized chronologically. People
choose what information to share on their Timeline, such as their interests, photos, education, work history,
relationship status, and contact information, and people can control with whom content is shared on their Timeline.
Graph Search. Graph Search is a structured search tool that enables people to find people, places, photos and
other information shared with them on Facebook. People can search using simple phrases such as "Photos of my
friends in New York" or "Restaurants in London that my friends have been to," and browse the results. Once
turned on, Graph Search replaces the search bar at the top of every page on Facebook. Graph Search beta is
available on the web for people using the site in English, and we are planning to expand Graph Search to mobile
and international audiences in the future.
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• Messenger. Messenger is a mobile-to-mobile messaging application available on iOS and Android phones. Messenger
works similarly to texting (SMS) to let people reach others instantly.
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Instagram. Instagram is a mobile app and website that enable people to take photos or videos, customize them with filter
effects, and share them with friends and followers in a photo feed or send them directly to friends.
Our Strategy
We are in the early stages of pursuing our mission to make the world more open and connected. We believe we have a significant
opportunity to further enhance the value we deliver to users, developers, and marketers. Key elements of our strategy are:
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Expand Our Global Community. There are more than 1.5 billion internet users on personal computers, and more than
three billion mobile users worldwide according to GSMA Wireless Intelligence, and we aspire to someday connect all of
these people. As of December 31, 2013, we had 1.23 billion MAUs globally. We intend to increase the size of our network
by continuing our marketing and user acquisition efforts, enhancing our products including mobile applications, and
making Facebook more easily accessible to people throughout the world. We are focused on increasing the number of
people using Facebook across all geographies, including relatively less-developed markets. Our investments include
efforts to make Facebook accessible on feature phones, reducing the amount of data required to utilize our service, and
investing in increasing the number of people who have access to the internet including through industry partnerships such
as Internet.org.
Develop Great Social Products to Increase Engagement. We prioritize product development investments that we believe
will drive user engagement. We continue to invest significantly in improving our existing products such as News Feed,
Timeline, and Graph Search and our stand-alone mobile applications such as Messenger and Instagram. For example, we
are continually improving our ability to analyze and organize vast amounts of information in real time to enable us to
select the unique content that we believe will be most interesting to show to each user. We are also focused on developing
new products, including new stand-alone applications, to increase engagement. Increasing user engagement is a core part
of our strategy to maximize our long-term business performance and therefore we are willing to sacrifice short-term
monetization in order to increase engagement.
Increase the Utility of our Service and Provide the Most Compelling User Experience. We aim to maximize the utility
we create for people using our service. We are investing significantly in improving our products and developing new
products, including new stand-alone applications, in order to create more value and make the Facebook experience more
useful. We also enable developers to integrate their mobile and web applications with Facebook in order to increase utility
for our users.
Improve Our Ad Products. We are investing to improve our ad products in order to attract more marketers to work with
Facebook, to create more value for marketers, and to enhance marketers' ability to make their advertising more relevant
for users. Our advertising strategy centers on the belief that ad products that are relevant, well-targeted, social, and well-
integrated with other content on Facebook can enhance the user experience while providing an attractive return for
marketers. We intend to invest in additional products for marketers while continuing to balance our monetization objectives
with our commitment to optimizing the user experience. We will continue to work to develop new tools that help marketers
to target their ads most effectively and thereby increase their return on ad spend. We also continue to focus on analytics
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and measurement tools to enable marketers to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of ad campaigns on Facebook.
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Excel at Mobile Product Development and Make our Mobile Products Fast, Reliable, and Easily Available. We devote
substantial resources to our development of mobile products and experiences for a wide range of platforms, including
smartphones, feature phones and tablets. In addition, we are working across the mobile industry with operators, hardware
manufacturers, operating system providers, and developers to improve the Facebook experience on mobile devices and
make Facebook available to more people around the world. We had 945 million MAUs who used Facebook mobile
products as of December 31, 2013. We believe that mobile usage of Facebook is critical to user growth and engagement
over the long term.
Enable Developers to Build, Grow, and Monetize Their Mobile and Web Applications. The success of Facebook’s
developer ecosystem is an important part of our strategy. We continue to invest in tools and APIs that enhance the ability
of developers who integrate with Facebook to build valuable and engaging products. Developers can create value for
Facebook in multiple ways, including: purchasing advertising on Facebook; using our Payment infrastructure to facilitate
transactions with users on personal computers; sharing content with Facebook that makes our products more engaging;
and contributing to our understanding of users’ interests and preferences.
Build a Scalable Infrastructure to Provide the Most Compelling, Robust, and Reliable Product Experience. We are
investing in software and hardware infrastructure that enables us to provide a unique, personalized experience to each of
our users around the world. We believe the speed and reliability of our products are important competitive advantages.
Building and Maintaining User Trust
Trust is a cornerstone of our business. We dedicate significant resources to the goal of building user trust through developing
and implementing programs designed to protect user privacy, promote a safe environment, and assure the security of user data. The
resources we dedicate to this goal include engineers, analysts, lawyers, policy experts, and operations specialists, as well as hardware
and software from leading vendors and solutions we have designed and built.
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Privacy and Sharing. People come to Facebook to connect and share with different audiences. Protecting user privacy
is an important part of our product development process. Our objective is to give users choice over what they share and
with whom they share it. This effort is fundamental to our business and focuses on control, transparency, and accountability.
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Control. We believe that by providing our users with clear and easy-to-use controls, we will continue to promote
trust in our products. For example, when a user posts a status update or uploads a photo to Facebook, our in-line
controls allow the user to select his or her audience at the same time that he or she is publishing the post. In
addition, we provide other data management tools. "Activity Log" is a unified tool that people can use to review
and manage the content they have posted and the actions they have taken on Facebook. When using the Activity
Log, a user can view his or her activity with a particular application, delete a specific post, change who can see
a photo, or remove an application completely. Additionally, our "Download Your Information" tool enables users
to access and store their personal information off Facebook.
Transparency. Our Data Use Policy describes in plain language our data use practices and how privacy works
on Facebook. We also offer a number of tools and features that provide users with transparency about their
information on Facebook. Our application settings feature enables users to view each of the applications they
have chosen to use, the information needed by each application, and the audience with whom the user has chosen
to share his or her interactions with each application. We believe that this transparency enables people to make
more informed decisions about their activities on Facebook.
Accountability. We continue to build new procedural safeguards as part of our comprehensive privacy program.
These include a dedicated team of privacy professionals who are involved in new product and feature development
from design through launch; ongoing review and monitoring of the way data is handled by existing features and
applications; and rigorous data security practices. We regularly work with online privacy and safety experts and
regulators around the world. In August 2012, the Federal Trade Commission formally approved a 20-year
settlement agreement requiring us to enhance our privacy program and to complete biennial third-party
assessments. We also have undergone two audits by the Office of the Irish Data Protection Commissioner. The
audits comprehensively reviewed our compliance with Irish data protection law, which is grounded in European
data protection principles. As part of the audit process, we agreed to enhance various data protection and privacy
practices to ensure compliance with the law and adherence to industry best practices.
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Safety. We design our products to include safety tools. These tools are coupled with educational resources and partnerships
with online safety experts to offer protections for all users, particularly teenagers. We take into account the unique needs
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of teenagers who use our service and employ age-appropriate settings that restrict their visibility, limit the audience with
whom they can share, and help prevent unwanted contact from strangers.
Our abuse reporting infrastructure allows anyone on Facebook to report inappropriate, offensive, or dangerous content
through "report" links found throughout our site. We have enhanced this reporting system to include "Social Reporting,"
which gives users the option to report content to us, to report content to a trusted friend, or to block the person who posted
the content with one easy-to-use tool. Our Safety Advisory Board, comprised of five leading online safety organizations
from around the world, advises us on product design and helps us to create comprehensive safety resources for everyone
who uses our service. These resources are located in our multimedia Family Safety Center on our website, which also
offers special information for parents, educators, teenagers, and members of the law enforcement community.
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Security. We invest in technology, processes, and people as part of our commitment to safeguarding our users' information.
We use a variety of techniques to protect the data that we are entrusted with, and we rely on multiple layers of network
segregation using firewalls to protect against attacks or unauthorized access. We also employ proprietary technologies
to protect our users. For example, if we suspect that a user's account may have been compromised, we may use a process
that we refer to as "social authentication" to validate that the person accessing the account is the actual account holder.
The process of social authentication may include asking the person accessing the account to identify photos of the account
holder's friends. Our security team actively scans for security vulnerabilities using commercial tools, penetration tests,
code security reviews, and internal and external audits. We also have a network of geographically distributed single-
tenant data centers, and we take measures to protect the information stored in these data centers.
Competition
Our business is characterized by innovation, rapid change, and disruptive technologies. We face significant competition in
every aspect of our business, including from companies that provide tools to facilitate the sharing of information, companies that
enable marketers to display advertising, and companies that provide development platforms for application developers. We compete
to attract, engage, and retain users, to attract and retain marketers, to attract and retain developers to build compelling mobile and web
applications that integrate with Facebook, and to attract and retain highly talented individuals, especially software engineers, designers,
and product managers.
We compete with the following:
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Companies that offer full-featured products that replicate the range of communications and related capabilities we
provide. These offerings include, for example, Google+, which Google has integrated with certain of its products, including
search and Android, as well as other, largely regional, social networks that have strong positions in particular countries.
Companies that develop applications, particularly mobile applications, that provide social functionality, such as messaging,
photo- and video-sharing, and micro-blogging.
Companies that provide web- and mobile-based information and entertainment products and services that are designed
to engage users and capture time spent online and on mobile devices.
Traditional and online businesses that provide media for marketers to reach their audiences and/or develop tools and
systems for managing and optimizing advertising campaigns.
As we introduce new products, as our existing products evolve, or as other companies introduce new products and services,
we may become subject to additional competition.
Technology
We have assembled a team of highly skilled engineers and computer scientists whose expertise spans a broad range of technical
areas. We make significant investments in product and feature development, data management and personalization technologies, large-
scale systems and scalable infrastructure, mobile technologies, and advertising technologies, including:
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Product and Feature Development. We aim to improve our existing products continuously and to develop new products
for our users, developers, and marketers. Our product development philosophy is centered on continuous innovation in
creating products that are social by design, which means that our products are designed to place people and their social
interactions at the core of the product experience.
Data Management and Personalization Technologies. To provide each user with a personalized Facebook experience,
we must process and analyze a significant amount of content shared by our users, developers, and marketers and surface
the most relevant content in real time. As such, we invest extensively in developing technologies and analytics in areas
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including content optimization and delivery, graph query, media storage and serving, large-scale data management, and
software performance.
Large-Scale Systems and Scalable Infrastructure. Our products are built on a shared computing infrastructure. We use
a combination of off-the-shelf and custom software running on clusters of commodity computers to amass substantial
computing capability. Our infrastructure has enabled the storage and processing of large datasets and facilitated the
deployment of our products on a global scale. As our user base grows, and the level of engagement and sharing from our
users continues to increase, our computing needs continue to expand. We aim to provide our products rapidly and reliably
to all users around the world, including in countries where we do not expect significant short-term monetization.
Mobile Technologies. In order to provide a high-quality experience on a wide variety of mobile devices and operating
systems, we invest in developing novel techniques and technologies including: custom graphics rendering, operating
system customizations, development tools, systems for customizing the user experience based on a variety of factors, and
systems for monitoring the behavior of the applications in the field.
Advertising Technologies. We invest extensively in advertising technology capable of serving billions of ad impressions
every day while maximizing the relevance of each impression to selected users based upon the information that users
have chosen to share. Our system manages our entire set of ads, the selected audiences, and the marketers' bids to determine
which ads to show each person and how to display them for every page on Facebook. We use an advanced user action
prediction system that weighs many real-time updated features using automated learning techniques. Our technology
incorporates the estimated user action rate with both the marketer's bid and a user relevancy signal to select what we
believe to be the optimal ads to show.
Our research and development expenses were $1.4 billion in both 2013 and 2012 and $388 million in 2011. For information
about our research and development expenses, see Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations - Results of Operations - Research and development" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Sales and Operations
The majority of our marketers use our self-service ad platform to establish accounts and to launch and manage their advertising
campaigns. We also have a global sales force that is focused on attracting and retaining marketers and providing support to them
throughout the stages of the advertising campaign cycle from pre-purchase decision making to real-time optimizations to post-campaign
analytics. We work directly with marketers, through traditional advertising agencies, and with an ecosystem of agencies that have a
specialized focus on Facebook advertising. We currently operate more than 30 sales offices around the globe.
We have operations teams to provide support for our users, developers, and marketers in five regional centers located in Menlo
Park, California; Austin, Texas; Dublin, Ireland; Hyderabad, India; and Singapore. We also invest in and rely on self-service tools to
provide direct customer support to our users, developers, and marketers.
Marketing
To date, the Facebook user community has grown virally with users inviting their friends to connect with them, supported by
internal efforts to stimulate user awareness and interest. In addition we have invested and will continue to invest in marketing our
services to build our brand and user base around the world. We leverage the utility of our products and our social distribution channels
as our most effective marketing tools. In addition, we undertake various user acquisition efforts and regularly host events and
conferences to engage with developers and marketers.
Intellectual Property
To establish and protect our proprietary rights, we rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights,
trade secrets, including know-how, license agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements with third parties,
employee disclosure and invention assignment agreements, and other contractual rights. In addition, to further protect our proprietary
rights, from time to time we have purchased patents and patent applications from third parties. We do not believe that our proprietary
technology is dependent on any single patent or copyright or groups of related patents or copyrights. We believe the duration of our
patents is adequate relative to the expected lives of our products.
Government Regulation
We are subject to a number of U.S. federal and state, and foreign laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business
on the Internet. Many of these laws and regulations are still evolving and being tested in courts, and could be interpreted in ways that
could harm our business. These may involve user privacy, rights of publicity, data protection, content, intellectual property, distribution,
electronic contracts and other communications, competition, protection of minors, consumer protection, taxation and online payment
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services. In particular, we are subject to federal, state, and foreign laws regarding privacy and protection of user data. Foreign data
protection, privacy, and other laws and regulations can be more restrictive than those in the United States. U.S. federal and state and
foreign laws and regulations are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. In addition, the application and
interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly-evolving industry in which we
operate, and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and
practices. There are also a number of legislative proposals pending before the U.S. Congress, various state legislative bodies, and
foreign governments concerning data protection which could affect us. For example, the European Commission is currently considering
a data protection regulation that may include operational requirements for companies that receive personal data that are different than
those currently in place in the European Union, and that may also include significant penalties for non-compliance.
In August 2012, the FTC approved a settlement agreement with us to resolve an investigation into various practices, that, among
other things, requires us to complete bi-annual independent privacy assessments and to establish and refine certain practices with
respect to treatment of user information and the privacy settings we offer. Violation of existing or future regulatory orders or consent
decrees could subject us to substantial monetary fines and other penalties that could negatively affect our financial condition and
results of operations.
Various laws and regulations in the United States and abroad, such as the Bank Secrecy Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the USA
PATRIOT Act, and the Credit CARD Act, impose certain anti-money laundering requirements on companies that are financial
institutions or that provide financial products and services. Under these laws and regulations, financial institutions are broadly defined
to include money services businesses such as money transmitters, check cashers, and sellers or issuers of stored value. Requirements
imposed on financial institutions under these laws include customer identification and verification programs, record retention policies
and procedures, and transaction reporting. To increase flexibility in how our use of Payments may evolve and to mitigate regulatory
uncertainty, we have received certain money transmitter licenses in the United States and expect to apply for certain regulatory licenses
in Europe, which will generally require us to demonstrate compliance with many domestic and foreign laws relating to money
transmission, gift cards and other prepaid access instruments, electronic funds transfers, anti-money laundering, counter-terrorist
financing, gambling, banking and lending, and import and export restrictions.
Employees
As of December 31, 2013, we had 6,337 employees.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in July 2004. We completed our initial public offering in May 2012 and our Class A common
stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "FB." Our principal executive offices are located at 1601 Willow
Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, and our telephone number is (650) 543-4800.
Facebook, the Facebook logo, FB, the Like button, Instagram and our other registered or common law trademarks, service
marks, or trade names appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of Facebook, Inc. or its affiliates. Other
trademarks, service marks, or trade names appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners.
Information about Segment and Geographic Revenue
Information about segment and geographic revenue is set forth in Notes 1 and 14 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Available Information
Our website address is www.facebook.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current
Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (Exchange Act), are filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We are subject to the informational
requirements of the Exchange Act and file or furnish reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. Such reports and
other information filed by the Company with the SEC are available free of charge on our website at investor.fb.com when such reports
are available on the SEC's website. We use our investor.fb.com website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and
for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor such portions of
investor.fb.com, in addition to following SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts.
The public may read and copy any materials filed by Facebook with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F
Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room
by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements
and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.
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The contents of the websites referred to above are not incorporated into this filing. Further, our references to the URLs for
these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. You should consider
carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, in addition to other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-
K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only
ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become
important factors that adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition,
results of operations, and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our Class A
common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
If we fail to retain existing users or add new users, or if our users decrease their level of engagement with Facebook, our revenue,
financial results, and business may be significantly harmed.
The size of our user base and our users' level of engagement are critical to our success. Our financial performance has been
and will continue to be significantly determined by our success in adding, retaining, and engaging active users. We anticipate that our
active user growth rate will continue to decline over time as the size of our active user base increases, and as we achieve higher market
penetration rates. If people do not perceive our products to be useful, reliable, and trustworthy, we may not be able to attract or retain
users or otherwise maintain or increase the frequency and duration of their engagement. A number of other social networking companies
that achieved early popularity have since seen their active user bases or levels of engagement decline, in some cases precipitously.
There is no guarantee that we will not experience a similar erosion of our active user base or engagement levels. Our user engagement
patterns have changed over time and can be difficult to measure, particularly as users engage increasingly via mobile devices and as
we introduce new and different services. Any number of factors could potentially negatively affect user retention, growth, and
engagement, including if:
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users increasingly engage with other products or activities;
we fail to introduce new products that users find engaging or if we introduce new products or services that are not
favorably received;
users feel that their Facebook experience is diminished as a result of the decisions we make with respect to the frequency,
prominence, and size of ads that we display, or the quality of the ads displayed;
user behavior on Facebook changes as a result of increasing use of mobile devices;
we are unable to continue to develop products for mobile devices that users find engaging, that work with a variety of
mobile operating systems and networks, and that achieve a high level of market acceptance;
there are changes in user sentiment about the quality or usefulness of our products or concerns related to privacy and
sharing, safety, security, or other factors;
we are unable to manage and prioritize information to ensure users are presented with content that is interesting, useful,
and relevant to them;
users adopt new technologies where Facebook may not be featured or otherwise available;
there are adverse changes in our products that are mandated by legislation, regulatory authorities, or litigation, including
settlements or consent decrees;
technical or other problems prevent us from delivering our products in a rapid and reliable manner or otherwise affect
the user experience, such as any failure to prevent spam or similar content;
we adopt policies or procedures related to areas such as sharing or user data that are perceived negatively by our users
or the general public;
if we elect to focus our user growth and engagement efforts more on longer-term initiatives, or if initiatives designed to
attract and retain users and engagement are unsuccessful or discontinued, whether as a result of actions by us, third
parties or otherwise;
we fail to provide adequate customer service to users, developers, or marketers;
we, developers whose products are integrated with Facebook, or other companies in our industry are the subject of
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adverse media reports or other negative publicity; or
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our current or future products, such as our development tools and application programming interfaces that enable
developers to build mobile and web applications, reduce user activity on Facebook by making it easier for our users to
interact and share on third-party mobile and web applications.
If we are unable to maintain or increase our user base and user engagement, our revenue and financial results may be adversely
affected. Any decrease in user retention, growth, or engagement could render Facebook less attractive to users, developers, and
marketers, which may have a material and adverse impact on our revenue, business, financial condition, and results of operations. To
the extent our active user growth rate slows, we will become increasingly dependent on our ability to maintain or increase levels of
user engagement and monetization in order to drive revenue growth.
We generate a substantial majority of our revenue from advertising. The loss of marketers, or reduction in spending by marketers
with Facebook, could seriously harm our business.
The substantial majority of our revenue is currently generated from third parties advertising on Facebook. For 2013, 2012, and
2011, advertising accounted for 89%, 84% and 85%, respectively, of our revenue. As is common in the industry, our marketers do not
have long-term advertising commitments with us. Many of our marketers spend only a relatively small portion of their overall
advertising budget with us. We expect our ability to grow advertising revenue will become increasingly dependent on our ability to
generate revenue from ads displayed on mobile devices. In addition, marketers may view some of our products as experimental and
unproven. Marketers will not continue to do business with us, or they will reduce the prices they are willing to pay to advertise with
us or the budgets they are willing to commit to us, if we do not deliver ads in an effective manner, or if they do not believe that their
investment in advertising with us will generate a competitive return relative to other alternatives. Our advertising revenue could be
adversely affected by a number of other factors, including:
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decreases in user engagement, including time spent on Facebook;
our ability to continue to increase user access to and engagement with Facebook through our mobile products;
product changes or inventory management decisions we may make that reduce the size, frequency, or relative prominence
of ads displayed on Facebook;
our inability to maintain or increase marketer demand, the pricing of our ads, or both;
differences between the pricing of our ads displayed on personal computers and mobile devices;
our inability to maintain or increase the quality of ads shown to users, particularly on mobile devices;
the accuracy of our analytics and measurement solutions that demonstrate the value of our ads, or our ability to further
improve such tools;
decisions by marketers to use our free products, such as Facebook Pages, instead of advertising on Facebook;
loss of advertising market share to our competitors, including if such competitors offer lower priced or more integrated
products;
adverse legal developments relating to advertising, including legislative and regulatory developments and developments
in litigation;
decisions by marketers to reduce their advertising as a result of adverse media reports or other negative publicity involving
us, content on Facebook, developers with Facebook-integrated mobile and web applications, or other companies in our
industry;
our inability to create new products that sustain or increase the value of our ads;
the degree to which users opt out of social ads;
the degree to which users cease or reduce the number of times they click on our ads;
changes in the way online advertising is priced;
the impact of new technologies that could block or obscure the display of our ads; and
the impact of macroeconomic conditions or conditions in the advertising industry, in general.
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The occurrence of any of these or other factors could result in a reduction in demand for our ads, which may reduce the prices
we receive for our ads, or cause marketers to stop advertising with us altogether, either of which would negatively affect our revenue
and financial results.
Mobile advertising is new and evolving and growth in the use of Facebook through our mobile products as a substitute for use on
personal computers may negatively affect our revenue and financial results.
We had 945 million mobile monthly active users (MAUs) in December 2013. While most of our mobile users also access
Facebook through personal computers, we anticipate that the rate of growth in mobile usage will continue to be the primary driver of
our growth for the foreseeable future and that usage through personal computers will decline worldwide, including in key markets
such as the United States and other developed markets in Europe and Asia. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2013, the number
of mobile MAUs exceeded the number of MAUs using personal computers for the first time, and the number of MAUs on personal
computers declined relative to the third quarter of 2013. While our mobile advertising revenue continues to grow and comprised over
half of our overall advertising revenue in the fourth quarter of 2013, the mobile advertising market remains a new and evolving market.
In addition, we do not currently offer our Payments infrastructure to applications on mobile devices. If users increasingly access
Facebook mobile products as a substitute for access through personal computers, and if we are unable to continue to grow mobile
revenues or successfully monetize mobile users, or if we incur excessive expenses in these efforts, our financial performance and
ability to grow revenue would be negatively affected.
Facebook user growth, engagement, and monetization on mobile devices depend upon effective operation with mobile operating
systems, networks, and standards that we do not control.
There is no guarantee that popular mobile devices will continue to feature Facebook, or that mobile device users will continue
to use Facebook rather than competing products. We are dependent on the interoperability of Facebook with popular mobile operating
systems that we do not control, such as Android and iOS, and any changes in such systems and terms of service that degrade our
products' functionality, give preferential treatment to competitive products, or prevent our ability to show ads could adversely affect
Facebook usage and monetization on mobile devices. Additionally, in order to deliver high quality mobile products, it is important
that our products work well with a range of mobile technologies, systems, networks, and standards that we do not control. We may
not be successful in developing relationships with key participants in the mobile industry or in developing products that operate
effectively with these technologies, systems, networks, or standards. In the event that it is more difficult for our users to access and
use Facebook on their mobile devices, or if our users choose not to access or use Facebook on their mobile devices or use mobile
products that do not offer access to Facebook, our user growth and user engagement could be harmed.
Our business is highly competitive. Competition presents an ongoing threat to the success of our business.
We face significant competition in every aspect of our business, including from companies that provide tools to facilitate the
sharing of information, companies that enable marketers to display advertising and companies that provide development platforms
for applications developers. We compete with companies that offer full-featured products that replicate the range of communications
and related capabilities we provide. These offerings include, for example, Google+, which Google has integrated with certain of its
products, including search and Android, as well as other, largely regional, social networks that have strong positions in particular
countries. We also compete with companies that develop applications, particularly mobile applications, that provide social functionality,
such as messaging, photo- and video-sharing, and micro-blogging, and companies that provide web- and mobile-based information
and entertainment products and services that are designed to engage users and capture time spent online and on mobile devices. In
addition, we face competition from traditional and online businesses that provide media for marketers to reach their audiences and/
or develop tools and systems for managing and optimizing advertising campaigns.
Some of our current and potential competitors may have significantly greater resources or better competitive positions in certain
product segments, geographic regions or user demographics than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to respond more
effectively than us to new or emerging technologies and changes in market conditions. We believe that some of our users, particularly
our younger users, are aware of and actively engaging with other products and services similar to, or as a substitute for, Facebook,
and we believe that some of our users have reduced their engagement with Facebook in favor of increased engagement with these
other products and services. For example, in the third quarter of 2013, the best data available to us suggested that while usage by U.S.
teens overall was stable, DAUs among younger teens in the United States had declined. In the event that our users increasingly engage
with other products and services, we may experience a decline in user engagement in key user demographics or more broadly and
our business could be harmed.
Our competitors may develop products, features, or services that are similar to ours or that achieve greater acceptance, may
undertake more far-reaching and successful product development efforts or marketing campaigns, or may adopt more aggressive
pricing policies. In addition, developers whose mobile and web applications are integrated with Facebook may use information shared
by our users through Facebook in order to develop products or features that compete with us. Certain competitors, including Google,
could use strong or dominant positions in one or more markets to gain competitive advantage against us in areas where we operate,
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including: by integrating competing social networking platforms or features into products they control such as search engines, web
browsers, or mobile device operating systems; by making acquisitions; by limiting or denying our access to advertising measurement
or delivery systems; or by making access to Facebook more difficult. As a result, our competitors may acquire and engage users at
the expense of the growth or engagement of our user base, which may negatively affect our business and financial results.
We believe that our ability to compete effectively depends upon many factors both within and beyond our control, including:
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the popularity, usefulness, ease of use, performance, and reliability of our products compared to our competitors' products,
particularly with respect to mobile products;
the size and composition of our user base;
the engagement of our users with our products;
the timing and market acceptance of products, including developments and enhancements to our or our competitors'
products;
our ability to monetize our products;
the frequency, size, quality, and relative prominence of the ads displayed by us or our competitors;
customer service and support efforts;
marketing and selling efforts, including our ability to provide marketers with a compelling return on their investments;
our ability to establish and maintain developers' interest in building mobile and web applications that integrate with
Facebook;
changes mandated by legislation, regulatory authorities, or litigation, including settlements and consent decrees, some
of which may have a disproportionate effect on us;
acquisitions or consolidation within our industry, which may result in more formidable competitors;
our ability to attract, retain, and motivate talented employees, particularly software engineers, designers, and product
managers;
our ability to cost-effectively manage and grow our operations; and
our reputation and brand strength relative to those of our competitors.
If we are not able to compete effectively, our user base and level of user engagement may decrease, we may become less
attractive to developers and marketers, and our revenue and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
We may not be successful in our efforts to grow usage of and engagement with mobile and web applications that integrate with
Facebook.
We have made and are continuing to make investments to enable developers to build mobile and web applications that integrate
with Facebook. Such existing and prospective developers may not be successful in building mobile and/or web applications that create
and maintain user engagement. Additionally, developers may choose to build on other platforms, including mobile platforms controlled
by third parties, rather than building products that integrate with Facebook. We are continuously seeking to balance the distribution
objectives of our developers with our desire to provide an optimal user experience, and we may not be successful in achieving a
balance that continues to attract and retain such developers. For example, from time to time, we have taken actions to reduce the
volume of communications from these developers to users on Facebook with the objective of enhancing the user experience, and such
actions have reduced distribution from, user engagement with, and our monetization opportunities from, Facebook-integrated mobile
and web applications. In some instances, these actions, as well as other actions to enforce our policies applicable to developers, have
adversely affected our relationships with such developers. If we are not successful in our efforts to grow the number of developers
that choose to build products that integrate with Facebook or if we are unable to build and maintain good relations with such developers,
our user growth and user engagement and our financial results may be adversely affected.
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We may not be successful in our efforts to further monetize how developers use Facebook.
We currently generate revenue from developers that use Facebook in several ways, including ads on pages generated by
developers' applications on the Facebook website, direct advertising on Facebook purchased by developers to drive traffic to their
mobile and web applications, and fees from developers' use of our Payments infrastructure to sell virtual and digital goods to users
accessing Facebook via personal computers. Applications built by developers of social games are currently responsible for substantially
all of our revenue derived from Payments, and the majority of the revenue from these applications has historically been generated by
a limited number of the most popular games. In addition, a relatively small percentage of our users have transacted with Facebook
Payments. If the Facebook-integrated applications that currently generate revenue fail to grow or maintain their users and engagement,
if developers do not continue to introduce new applications that attract users and create engagement on Facebook, if developers reduce
their advertising on Facebook, if we fail to maintain good relationships with existing developers or to attract new developers who
build products that integrate with Facebook, or if Facebook-integrated applications outside of social games do not gain popularity
and generate significant revenue for us, our financial performance and ability to grow revenue could be adversely affected.
Additionally, we are actively supporting developers' efforts to develop their own mobile and web applications that integrate
with Facebook. Unlike applications that run within the Facebook website which enable us to show ads and offer Payments, we generally
do not directly monetize from developers' integrating their own mobile and web applications with Facebook. Therefore, our developers'
efforts to prioritize their own mobile or web applications may reduce or slow the growth of our user activity that generates advertising
and Payments opportunities, which could negatively affect our revenue. Although we believe that there are significant long-term
benefits to Facebook resulting from increased engagement on Facebook-integrated mobile and web applications, these benefits may
not offset the possible loss of revenue, in which case our business could be harmed.
Action by governments to restrict access to Facebook in their countries could substantially harm our business and financial results.
It is possible that governments of one or more countries may seek to censor content available on Facebook in their country,
restrict access to Facebook from their country entirely, or impose other restrictions that may affect the accessibility of Facebook in
their country for an extended period of time or indefinitely. For example, access to Facebook has been or is currently restricted in
whole or in part in China, Iran, and North Korea. In addition, governments in other countries may seek to restrict access to Facebook
if they consider us to be in violation of their laws. In the event that access to Facebook is restricted, in whole or in part, in one or more
countries or our competitors are able to successfully penetrate geographic markets that we cannot access, our ability to retain or
increase our user base and user engagement may be adversely affected, we may not be able to maintain or grow our revenue as
anticipated, and our financial results could be adversely affected.
Our new products and changes to existing products could fail to attract or retain users or generate revenue.
Our ability to retain, increase, and engage our user base and to increase our revenue depends heavily on our ability to create
successful new products, both independently and in conjunction with developers or other third parties. We may introduce significant
changes to our existing products or develop and introduce new and unproven products, including using technologies with which we
have little or no prior development or operating experience. If new or enhanced products fail to engage users, developers, or marketers,
we may fail to attract or retain users or to generate sufficient revenue, operating margin, or other value to justify our investments, and
our business may be adversely affected. In the future, we may invest in new products and initiatives to generate revenue, but there is
no guarantee these approaches will be successful. For example, we recently began showing ads on Instagram in the United States and
we cannot assure you that these ads will generate meaningful revenue for our business. If we are not successful with new products or
new approaches to monetization, we may not be able to maintain or grow our revenue as anticipated or recover any associated
development costs, and our financial results could be adversely affected.
We prioritize user growth and engagement and the user experience over short-term financial results.
We frequently make product decisions that may reduce our short-term revenue or profitability if we believe that the decisions
are consistent with our mission and benefit the aggregate user experience and will thereby improve our financial performance over
the long term. For example, from time to time we may change the size, frequency, or relative prominence of ads in order to improve
ad quality and overall user experience. Similarly, from time to time we update our News Feed ranking algorithm to deliver the most
relevant content to our users, which may adversely affect the distribution of content of developers and marketers and could reduce
their incentive to invest in their development and marketing efforts on Facebook. We also may introduce changes to existing products,
or introduce new stand-alone products, that direct users away from properties where we have a proven means of monetization. For
example, we have taken action to redirect users who send messages from within the Facebook application to our stand-alone Messenger
application, although we currently do not monetize the stand-alone Messenger application. In addition, we plan to focus on growing
the user base for Instagram and potentially other stand-alone applications that may have limited or no monetization, and it is possible
that these efforts may reduce engagement with the core Facebook application. These decisions may not produce the long-term benefits
that we expect, in which case our user growth and engagement, our relationships with developers and marketers, and our business
and results of operations could be harmed.
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If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, or if events occur that damage our reputation and brand, our ability to
expand our base of users, developers, and marketers may be impaired, and our business and financial results may be harmed.
We believe that the Facebook brand has significantly contributed to the success of our business. We also believe that maintaining
and enhancing our brand is critical to expanding our base of users, developers, and marketers. Many of our new users are referred by
existing users. Maintaining and enhancing our brand will depend largely on our ability to continue to provide useful, reliable,
trustworthy, and innovative products, which we may not do successfully. We may introduce new products or terms of service that
users do not like, which may negatively affect our brand. Additionally, the actions of our developers may affect our brand if users do
not have a positive experience using third-party mobile and web applications integrated with Facebook. We have in the past experienced,
and we expect that in the future we will continue to experience, media, legislative, or regulatory scrutiny of our decisions regarding
user privacy or other issues, which may adversely affect our reputation and brand. We also may fail to provide adequate customer
service, which could erode confidence in our brand. Our brand may also be negatively affected by the actions of users that are deemed
to be hostile or inappropriate to other users, or by users acting under false or inauthentic identities, or by perceived or actual efforts
by governments to obtain access to user information for security-related purposes. Maintaining and enhancing our brand may require
us to make substantial investments and these investments may not be successful. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain the
Facebook brand or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business and financial results may be adversely affected.
Improper access to or disclosure of user information, or violation of our terms of service or policies, could harm our reputation
and adversely affect our business.
Our Data Use Policy governs the collection and use of information we receive in connection with our services. Our efforts to
protect the information we receive may be unsuccessful due to the actions of third parties, software bugs or other technical malfunctions,
employee error or malfeasance, government surveillance, or other factors. In addition, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce
employees or users to disclose information in order to gain access to our data or our users' data. If any of these events occur, our users'
information could be accessed or disclosed improperly. Some of our developers or other partners, such as those that help us measure
the effectiveness of ads, may receive or store information provided by us or by our users through mobile or web applications integrated
with Facebook. If these third parties or developers fail to adopt or adhere to adequate data security practices or fail to comply with
our terms and policies, or in the event of a breach of their networks, our users' data may be improperly accessed, used, or disclosed.
Any incidents involving unauthorized access to or improper use of user information or incidents involving violation of our
terms of service or policies, including our Data Use Policy, could damage our reputation and our brand and diminish our competitive
position. In addition, the affected users or government authorities could initiate legal or regulatory actions against us in connection
with such incidents, which could cause us to incur significant expense and liability or result in orders or consent decrees forcing us
to modify our business practices. Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation, or financial
results.
Unfavorable media coverage could negatively affect our business.
We receive a high degree of media coverage around the world. Unfavorable publicity regarding, for example, our privacy
practices, product changes, product quality, litigation or regulatory activity, government surveillance, the actions of our developers
whose products are integrated with Facebook, the actions of our users, or the actions of other companies that provide similar services
to us, could adversely affect our reputation. Such negative publicity also could have an adverse effect on the size, engagement, and
loyalty of our user base and result in decreased revenue, which could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Our financial results will fluctuate from quarter to quarter and are difficult to predict.
Our quarterly financial results have fluctuated in the past and will fluctuate in the future. Additionally, we have a limited
operating history with the current scale of our business, which makes it difficult to forecast our future results. As a result, you should
not rely upon our past quarterly financial results as indicators of future performance. You should take into account the risks and
uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in rapidly evolving markets. Our financial results in any given quarter can be
influenced by numerous factors, many of which we are unable to predict or are outside of our control, including:
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our ability to maintain and grow our user base and user engagement;
our ability to attract and retain marketers in a particular period;
fluctuations in spending by our marketers due to seasonality, such as historically strong spending in the fourth quarter
of each year, or other factors;
the number and quality of ads shown to users;
the pricing of our ads and other products;
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our ability to continue to scale monetization through our mobile products;
our ability to maintain or increase Payments and other fees revenue;
the diversification and growth of revenue sources beyond advertising and Payments;
the development and introduction of new products or services by us or our competitors;
increases in marketing, sales, and other operating expenses that we may incur to grow and expand our operations and
to remain competitive;
our ability to maintain gross margins and operating margins;
costs related to the acquisitions of businesses, talent, technologies or intellectual property, including potentially significant
amortization costs;
our ability to obtain equipment and components for our data centers and other technical infrastructure in a timely and
cost-effective manner;
system failures, which could prevent us from serving ads for any period of time, or breaches of security or privacy, and
the costs associated with remediating any such failures or breaches;
inaccessibility of Facebook due to third-party actions;
share-based compensation expense;
adverse litigation judgments, settlements, or other litigation-related costs;
changes in the legislative or regulatory environment, including with respect to privacy, or enforcement by government
regulators, including fines, orders, or consent decrees;
the overall tax rate for our business, which may be affected by the financial results of our international subsidiaries;
fluctuations in currency exchange rates and changes in the proportion of our revenue and expenses denominated in
foreign currencies;
fluctuations in the market values of our portfolio investments and in interest rates;
changes in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; and
changes in global business or macroeconomic conditions.
We expect our rates of growth may decline in the future.
We believe that our rates of user and revenue growth may decline over time. While we have recently experienced increased
revenue growth compared to prior periods, we expect that our user growth and revenue growth rates will decline over time as the size
of our active user base increases and as we achieve greater market penetration. For example, our MAUs grew 16% from December
31, 2012 to 2013, 25% from December 31, 2011 to 2012 and 39% from 2010 to 2011. Historically, our user growth has been a primary
driver of growth in our revenue. As our growth rates decline, investors' perceptions of our business may be adversely affected and the
trading price of our Class A common stock could decline.
Our costs are continuing to grow, which could harm our business and profitability.
Operating our business is costly and we expect our expenses to continue to increase in the future as we broaden our user base,
as users increase the number of connections and amount of data they share with us, and as we develop and implement new products.
Historically, our costs have increased each year due to these factors and we expect to continue to incur increasing costs, in particular
for servers, storage, power, and data centers, to support our anticipated future growth. We expect to continue to invest in these and
other efforts to operate and expand our business around the world, including in countries and/or projects where we may not have a
clear path to monetization, such as our commitment to the Internet.org initiative to increase global Internet access. In addition, our
costs may increase as we hire additional employees, particularly as a result of the significant competition that we face to attract and
retain technical talent. Our expenses may grow faster than our revenue and may be greater than we anticipate in a particular period
or over time, and our investments may not be successful. In addition, we may increase marketing, sales, and other operating expenses
in order to grow and expand our operations and to remain competitive. Increases in our costs may adversely affect our business and
profitability.
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Our business is subject to complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, and
other matters. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in claims,
changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, increased cost of operations, or declines in user growth or engagement, or
otherwise harm our business.
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States and abroad that involve matters central to our business,
including user privacy, rights of publicity, data protection, content, intellectual property, advertising, marketing, distribution, electronic
contracts and other communications, competition, protection of minors, consumer protection, taxation, securities law compliance,
and online payment services. The introduction of new products or expansion of our activities in certain jurisdictions may subject us
to additional laws and regulations. In addition, foreign data protection, privacy, and other laws and regulations can be more restrictive
than those in the United States. These U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations, which can be enforced by private parties
or government entities, are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. In addition, the application and interpretation
of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate, and may
be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. For
example, the interpretation of some laws and regulations that govern the use of names and likenesses in connection with advertising
and marketing activities is unsettled and developments in this area could affect the manner in which we design our products, as well
as our terms of use. A number of proposals are pending before federal, state, and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies that could
significantly affect our business. For example, the European Commission is currently considering a data protection regulation that
may include operational requirements for companies that receive personal data that are different than those currently in place in the
European Union, and that may also include significant penalties for non-compliance. Similarly, there have been a number of recent
legislative proposals in the United States, at both the federal and state level, that would impose new obligations in areas such as privacy
and liability for copyright infringement by third parties. In addition, some countries are considering legislation requiring local storage
and processing of data that, if enacted, could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services. These existing and proposed
laws and regulations can be costly to comply with and can delay or impede the development of new products, result in negative
publicity, increase our operating costs, require significant management time and attention, and subject us to inquiries or investigations,
claims or other remedies, including fines or demands that we modify or cease existing business practices.
We have been subject to regulatory investigations and settlements and we expect to continue to be subject to such proceedings in
the future, which could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner materially
adverse to our business.
From time to time, we receive formal and informal inquiries from regulators regarding our compliance with laws and other
matters. In 2012 the Federal Trade Commission approved a settlement agreement with us that, among other things, requires us to
complete bi-annual independent privacy assessments and to establish and refine certain practices with respect to treatment of user
information and the privacy settings we offer. In 2011 and 2012, the Irish Data Protection Commissioner audited the data, security,
and privacy practices and policies of Facebook Ireland. We expect to continue to be the subject of regulatory investigations and audits
in the future by these and other regulators throughout the world.
Violation of existing or future regulatory orders or consent decrees could subject us to substantial monetary fines and other
penalties that could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, it is possible that future orders
issued by, or inquiries or enforcement actions initiated by, regulatory authorities could cause us to incur substantial costs or require
us to change our business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business.
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If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished, and
our business may be adversely affected.
We rely and expect to continue to rely on a combination of confidentiality and license agreements with our employees,
consultants, and third parties with whom we have relationships, as well as trademark, copyright, patent, trade secret, and domain name
protection laws, to protect our proprietary rights. In the United States and internationally, we have filed various applications for
protection of certain aspects of our intellectual property, and we currently hold a number of issued patents in multiple jurisdictions
and have acquired patents and patent applications from third parties. In addition, in the future we may acquire additional patents or
patent portfolios, which could require significant cash expenditures. Third parties may knowingly or unknowingly infringe our
proprietary rights, third parties may challenge proprietary rights held by us, and pending and future trademark and patent applications
may not be approved. In addition, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which we operate
or intend to operate our business. In any or all of these cases, we may be required to expend significant time and expense in order to
prevent infringement or to enforce our rights. Although we have taken measures to protect our proprietary rights, there can be no
assurance that others will not offer products or concepts that are substantially similar to ours and compete with our business. In
addition, we regularly contribute software source code under open source licenses and have made other technology we developed
available under other open licenses, and we include open source software in our products. For example, we have contributed certain
specifications and designs related to our data center equipment to the Open Compute Project Foundation, a non-profit entity that
shares and develops such information with the technology community, under the Open Web Foundation License. As a result of our
open source contributions and the use of open source in our products, we may license or be required to license or disclose code and/
or innovations that turn out to be material to our business and may also be exposed to increased litigation risk. If the protection of our
proprietary rights is inadequate to prevent unauthorized use or appropriation by third parties, the value of our brand and other intangible
assets may be diminished and competitors may be able to more effectively mimic our service and methods of operations. Any of these
events could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.
We are currently, and expect to be in the future, party to patent lawsuits and other intellectual property rights claims that are
expensive and time consuming, and, if resolved adversely, could have a significant impact on our business, financial condition,
or results of operations.
Companies in the Internet, technology, and media industries own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade
secrets, and frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation, or other violations of intellectual
property or other rights. In addition, various "non-practicing entities" that own patents and other intellectual property rights often
attempt to aggressively assert their rights in order to extract value from technology companies. Furthermore, from time to time we
may introduce new products, including in areas where we currently do not compete, which could increase our exposure to patent and
other intellectual property claims from competitors and non-practicing entities.
From time to time, we receive notice letters from patent holders alleging that certain of our products and services infringe their
patent rights. We presently are involved in a number of intellectual property lawsuits, and as we face increasing competition and gain
an increasingly high profile, we expect the number of patent and other intellectual property claims against us to grow. Defending
patent and other intellectual property litigation is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees, and
there can be no assurances that favorable final outcomes will be obtained in all cases. In addition, plaintiffs may seek, and we may
become subject to, preliminary or provisional rulings in the course of any such litigation, including potential preliminary injunctions
requiring us to cease some or all of our operations. We may decide to settle such lawsuits and disputes on terms that are unfavorable
to us. Similarly, if any litigation to which we are a party is resolved adversely, we may be subject to an unfavorable judgment that
may not be reversed upon appeal. The terms of such a settlement or judgment may require us to cease some or all of our operations
or pay substantial amounts to the other party. In addition, we may have to seek a license to continue practices found to be in violation
of a third party's rights, which may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all, and may significantly increase our operating costs
and expenses. As a result, we may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology or practices or discontinue the
practices. The development of alternative non-infringing technology or practices could require significant effort and expense or may
not be feasible. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected as a result of an unfavorable
resolution of the disputes and litigation referred to above.
We are involved in numerous class action lawsuits and other litigation matters that are expensive and time consuming, and, if
resolved adversely, could harm our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
In addition to intellectual property claims, we are also involved in numerous other lawsuits, including putative class action
lawsuits brought by users and marketers, many of which claim statutory damages or seek significant changes to our business operations,
and we anticipate that we will continue to be a target for numerous lawsuits in the future. Because we have over a billion users, the
plaintiffs in class action cases filed against us typically claim enormous monetary damages even if the alleged per-user harm is small
or non-existent. Any negative outcome from such lawsuits could result in payments of substantial monetary damages or fines, or
undesirable changes to our products or business practices, and accordingly our business, financial condition, or results of operations
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could be materially and adversely affected. Although the results of such lawsuits and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we
do not believe that the final outcome of those matters relating to our products that we currently face will have a material adverse effect
on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In addition, we are currently the subject of stockholder class action suits
in connection with our IPO. We believe these lawsuits are without merit and are vigorously defending these lawsuits.
There can be no assurances that a favorable final outcome will be obtained in all our cases, and defending any lawsuit is costly
and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. Any litigation to which we are a party may result in an onerous
or unfavorable judgment that may not be reversed upon appeal or in payments of substantial monetary damages or fines, or we may
decide to settle lawsuits on similarly unfavorable terms, which could adversely affect our business, financial conditions, or results of
operations.
Our CEO has control over key decision making as a result of his control of a majority of our voting stock.
Mark Zuckerberg, our founder, Chairman, and CEO, is able to exercise voting rights with respect to a majority of the voting
power of our outstanding capital stock and therefore has the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders
for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. This
concentrated control could delay, defer, or prevent a change of control, merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our
assets that our other stockholders support, or conversely this concentrated control could result in the consummation of such a transaction
that our other stockholders do not support. This concentrated control could also discourage a potential investor from acquiring our
Class A common stock due to the limited voting power of such stock relative to the Class B common stock and might harm the trading
price of our Class A common stock. In addition, Mr. Zuckerberg has the ability to control the management and major strategic
investments of our company as a result of his position as our CEO and his ability to control the election or replacement of our directors.
In the event of his death, the shares of our capital stock that Mr. Zuckerberg owns will be transferred to the persons or entities that he
designates. As a board member and officer, Mr. Zuckerberg owes a fiduciary duty to our stockholders and must act in good faith in a
manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of our stockholders. As a stockholder, even a controlling stockholder,
Mr. Zuckerberg is entitled to vote his shares, and shares over which he has voting control as a result of voting agreements, in his own
interests, which may not always be in the interests of our stockholders generally.
We plan to continue to make acquisitions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, result in
dilution to our stockholders, and adversely affect our financial results.
As part of our business strategy, we have made and intend to make acquisitions to add specialized employees, complementary
companies, products, or technologies. Our ability to acquire and integrate larger or more complex companies, products, or technologies
in a successful manner is unproven. In the future, we may not be able to find other suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not
be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. Any future acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by
users, developers, marketers, or investors, and our acquisitions may not achieve our goals. For example, in August 2012, we acquired
Instagram and since the acquisition, we have been focused on user growth and the users' experience. We just recently began showing
ads on Instagram in the United States and we cannot assure you that these ads will generate meaningful revenue for our business. In
addition, if we fail to successfully close or integrate any acquisitions, integrate the products or technologies associated with such
acquisitions into our company, or identify and address liabilities associated with the acquired business or assets, our business, revenue,
and operating results could be adversely affected. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may
not be able to manage the process successfully. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired products, technology, or
personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. In addition, our
ability to conduct due diligence with respect to acquisitions, and our ability to evaluate the results of such due diligence, is dependent
upon the accuracy and completeness of statements and disclosures made or actions taken by the companies we acquire or their
representatives. Despite our efforts, there could be significant liabilities or deficiencies associated with the business, assets, products,
financial condition or accounting practices related to the assets or companies we acquire. In addition, we may have to pay cash or
incur debt to pay for acquisitions, which could adversely affect our financial results and liquidity. Additionally, we may issue equity
securities to pay for acquisitions or to retain the employees of the acquired company, which could increase our expenses, adversely
affect our financial results and result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed
obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations.
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Our business is dependent on our ability to maintain and scale our technical infrastructure, and any significant disruption in our
service could damage our reputation, result in a potential loss of users and engagement, and adversely affect our financial results.
Our reputation and ability to attract, retain, and serve our users is dependent upon the reliable performance of our products and
our underlying technical infrastructure. Our systems may not be adequately designed with the necessary reliability and redundancy
to avoid performance delays or outages that could be harmful to our business. If Facebook is unavailable when users attempt to access
it, or if it does not load as quickly as they expect, users may not use our products as often in the future, or at all. As our user base and
the amount and types of information shared on Facebook continue to grow, we will need an increasing amount of technical infrastructure,
including network capacity, and computing power, to continue to satisfy the needs of our users. It is possible that we may fail to
effectively scale and grow our technical infrastructure to accommodate these increased demands. In addition, our business may be
subject to interruptions, delays, or failures resulting from earthquakes, adverse weather conditions, other natural disasters, power loss,
terrorism, or other catastrophic events.
A substantial portion of our network infrastructure is provided by third parties. Any disruption or failure in the services we
receive from these providers could harm our ability to handle existing or increased traffic and could significantly harm our business.
Any financial or other difficulties these providers face may adversely affect our business, and we exercise little control over these
providers, which increases our vulnerability to problems with the services they provide.
We could experience unforeseen difficulties in building and operating key portions of our technical infrastructure.
We have designed and built our own data centers and key portions of our technical infrastructure through which we serve our
products, and we plan to continue to significantly expand the size of our infrastructure primarily through data centers and other projects.
The infrastructure expansion we are undertaking is complex, and unanticipated delays in the completion of these projects or availability
of components may lead to increased project costs, operational inefficiencies, or interruptions in the delivery or degradation of the
quality of our products. In addition, there may be issues related to this infrastructure that are not identified during the testing phases
of design and implementation, which may only become evident after we have started to fully utilize the underlying equipment, that
could further degrade the user experience or increase our costs.
Our products and internal systems rely on software that is highly technical, and if it contains undetected errors, our business could
be adversely affected.
Our products and internal systems rely on software that is highly technical and complex. In addition, our products and internal
systems depend on the ability of our software to store, retrieve, process, and manage immense amounts of data. Our software has
contained, and may now or in the future contain, undetected errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities. Some errors in our software may only be
discovered after the code has been released for external or internal use. Errors or other design defects within our software may result
in a negative experience for users and marketers who use our products, delay product introductions or enhancements, or result in
measurement or billing errors. Any errors, bugs, or defects discovered in our software could result in damage to our reputation, loss
of users, loss of revenue, or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Certain of our user metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics
may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.
The numbers for our key metrics, which include our DAUs, mobile DAUs, MAUs, mobile MAUs, and average revenue per
user (ARPU), as well as certain other metrics such as mobile-only DAUs and mobile-only MAUs, are calculated using internal
company data based on the activity of user accounts. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates
of our user base for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring usage of our products across
large online and mobile populations around the world. For example, there may be individuals who maintain one or more Facebook
accounts in violation of our terms of service. We estimate, for example, that "duplicate" accounts (an account that a user maintains
in addition to his or her principal account) may have represented between approximately 4.3% and 7.9% of our worldwide MAUs in
2013. We also seek to identify "false" accounts, which we divide into two categories: (1) user-misclassified accounts, where users
have created personal profiles for a business, organization, or non-human entity such as a pet (such entities are permitted on Facebook
using a Page rather than a personal profile under our terms of service); and (2) undesirable accounts, which represent user profiles
that we determine are intended to be used for purposes that violate our terms of service, such as spamming. In 2013, for example, we
estimate user-misclassified accounts may have represented between approximately 0.8% and 2.1% of our worldwide MAUs and
undesirable accounts may have represented between approximately 0.4% and 1.2% of our worldwide MAUs. We believe the percentage
of accounts that are duplicate or false is meaningfully lower in developed markets such as the United States or United Kingdom and
higher in developing markets such as India and Turkey. However, these estimates are based on an internal review of a limited sample
of accounts and we apply significant judgment in making this determination, such as identifying names that appear to be fake or other
behavior that appears inauthentic to the reviewers. As such, our estimation of duplicate or false accounts may not accurately represent
the actual number of such accounts. We are continually seeking to improve our ability to identify duplicate or false accounts and
estimate the total number of such accounts, and such estimates may change due to improvements or changes in our methodology. Due
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to inherent variability in such estimates at particular dates of measurement, we disclose these estimates as a range over a recent period.
Our data limitations may affect our understanding of certain details of our business. For example, while user-provided data
indicates a decline in usage among younger users, this age data is unreliable because a disproportionate number of our younger users
register with an inaccurate age. In the third quarter of 2013, we worked with third parties to develop models to analyze user data by
age in the United States. These models suggested that usage by U.S. teens overall was stable, but that DAUs among younger U.S.
teens had declined. The data and models we are using are not precise and our understanding of usage by age group may not be complete.
Some of our historical metrics through the second quarter of 2012 have also been affected by applications on certain mobile
devices that automatically contact our servers for regular updates with no user action involved, and this activity can cause our system
to count the user associated with such a device as an active user on the day such contact occurs. For example, we estimate that less
than 5% of our estimated worldwide DAUs as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 resulted from this type of automatic mobile activity,
and that this type of activity had a substantially smaller effect on our estimate of worldwide MAUs and mobile MAUs. The impact
of this automatic activity on our metrics varied by geography because mobile usage varies in different regions of the world. In addition,
our data regarding the geographic location of our users is estimated based on a number of factors, such as the user's IP address and
self-disclosed location. These factors may not always accurately reflect the user's actual location. For example, a mobile-only user
may appear to be accessing Facebook from the location of the proxy server that the user connects to rather than from the user's actual
location. The methodologies used to measure user metrics may also be susceptible to algorithm or other technical errors. For example,
in early June 2012, we discovered an error in the algorithm we use to estimate the geographic location of our users that affected our
attribution of certain user locations for the period ended March 31, 2012. While this issue did not affect our overall worldwide DAU
and MAU numbers, it did affect our attribution of users across different geographic regions. We estimate that the number of MAUs
as of March 31, 2012 for the United States & Canada region was overstated as a result of the error by approximately 3% and this
overstatement was offset by understatements in other regions. The number of such users for the period ended March 31, 2012 disclosed
in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Trends in Our User Metrics" reflect
the reclassification to more correctly attribute users by geographic region. Our estimates for revenue by user location and revenue by
user device are also affected by these factors. We regularly review and may adjust our processes for calculating these metrics to
improve their accuracy. In addition, our DAU and MAU estimates will differ from estimates published by third parties due to differences
in methodology. For example, some third parties are not able to accurately measure mobile users or do not count mobile users for
certain user groups or at all in their analyses. If marketers, developers, or investors do not perceive our user metrics to be accurate
representations of our user base, or if we discover material inaccuracies in our user metrics, our reputation may be harmed and marketers
and developers may be less willing to allocate their budgets or resources to Facebook, which could negatively affect our business and
financial results.
We cannot assure you that we will effectively manage our growth.
Our employee headcount and the scope and complexity of our business have increased significantly, with the number of
employees increasing to 6,337 as of December 31, 2013 from 4,619 as of December 31, 2012, and we expect headcount growth to
continue for the foreseeable future. The growth and expansion of our business and products create significant challenges for our
management, operational, and financial resources, including managing multiple relations with users, marketers, developers, and other
third parties. In the event of continued growth of our operations or in the number of our third-party relationships, our information
technology systems or our internal controls and procedures may not be adequate to support our operations. In addition, some members
of our management do not have significant experience managing a large global business operation, so our management may not be
able to manage such growth effectively. To effectively manage our growth, we must continue to improve our operational, financial,
and management processes and systems and to effectively expand, train, and manage our employee base. As our organization continues
to grow, and we are required to implement more complex organizational management structures, we may find it increasingly difficult
to maintain the benefits of our corporate culture, including our ability to quickly develop and launch new and innovative products.
This could negatively affect our business performance.
The loss of one or more of our key personnel, or our failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future,
could harm our business.
We currently depend on the continued services and performance of our key personnel, including Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl
K. Sandberg. Although we have entered into employment agreements with Mr. Zuckerberg and Ms. Sandberg, the agreements have
no specific duration and constitute at-will employment. In addition, many of our key technologies and systems are custom-made for
our business by our personnel. The loss of key personnel, including members of management as well as key engineering, product
development, marketing, and sales personnel, could disrupt our operations and have an adverse effect on our business.
As we continue to grow, we cannot guarantee we will continue to attract the personnel we need to maintain our competitive
position. In particular, we intend to continue to hire a significant number of technical personnel in 2014 and the foreseeable future,
and we expect to face significant competition from other companies in hiring such personnel, particularly in the San Francisco Bay
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Area. As we mature, the incentives to attract, retain, and motivate employees provided by our equity awards or by future arrangements
may not be as effective as in the past, and if we issue significant equity to attract additional employees, the ownership of our existing
stockholders may be further diluted. Additionally, we have a number of current employees whose equity ownership in our company
has provided them a substantial amount of personal wealth, which could affect their decisions about whether or not to continue to
work for us. As a result of these factors, it may be difficult for us to continue to retain and motivate our employees. If we do not
succeed in attracting, hiring, and integrating excellent personnel, or retaining and motivating existing personnel, we may be unable
to grow effectively.
We may incur liability as a result of information retrieved from or transmitted over the Internet or posted to Facebook and claims
related to our products.
We have faced, currently face, and will continue to face claims relating to information that is published or made available on
Facebook. In particular, the nature of our business exposes us to claims related to defamation, intellectual property rights, rights of
publicity and privacy, and personal injury torts. This risk is enhanced in certain jurisdictions outside the United States where our
protection from liability for third-party actions may be unclear and where we may be less protected under local laws than we are in
the United States. We could incur significant costs investigating and defending such claims and, if we are found liable, significant
damages. If any of these events occur, our business and financial results could be adversely affected.
Computer malware, viruses, hacking and phishing attacks, and spamming could harm our business and results of operations.
Computer malware, viruses, and computer hacking and phishing attacks have become more prevalent in our industry, have
occurred on our systems in the past, and may occur on our systems in the future. Because of our prominence, we believe that we are
a particularly attractive target for such attacks. Though it is difficult to determine what, if any, harm may directly result from any
specific interruption or attack, any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security, and availability of our products and technical
infrastructure. Any such failure may harm our reputation, our ability to retain existing users and attract new users, and our results of
operations.
In addition, spammers attempt to use our products to send targeted and untargeted spam messages to users, which may embarrass
or annoy users and make Facebook less user-friendly. We cannot be certain that the technologies and employees that we have to
attempt to defeat spamming attacks will be able to curb spam messages from being sent on our platform. As a result of spamming
activities, our users may use Facebook less or stop using our products altogether.
Payment transactions on Facebook may subject us to additional regulatory requirements and other risks that could be costly and
difficult to comply with or that could harm our business.
Our users can use Facebook to purchase virtual and digital goods from developers that offer applications on the Facebook
website using our Payments infrastructure. We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States, Europe, and
elsewhere, including those governing anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing, money transmission, gift cards and other
prepaid access instruments, and import and export restrictions. Depending on how our Payments product evolves, we may also be
subject to other laws and regulations including those governing electronic funds transfers, gambling, banking, and lending. In some
jurisdictions, the application or interpretation of these laws and regulations is not clear. To increase flexibility in how our use of
Payments may evolve and to mitigate regulatory uncertainty, we have received certain money transmitter licenses in the United States
and expect to apply for certain regulatory licenses in Europe, which will generally require us to demonstrate compliance with many
domestic and foreign laws in these areas. Our efforts to comply with these laws and regulations could be costly and result in diversion
of management time and effort and may still not guarantee compliance. In the event that we are found to be in violation of any such
legal or regulatory requirements, we may be subject to monetary fines or other penalties such as a cease and desist order, or we may
be required to make product changes, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.
In addition, we may be subject to a variety of additional risks as a result of Payments on Facebook, including:
•
•
•
•
increased costs and diversion of management time and effort and other resources to deal with bad transactions or customer
disputes;
potential fraudulent or otherwise illegal activity by users, developers, employees, or third parties;
restrictions on the investment of consumer funds used to transact Payments; and
additional disclosure and reporting requirements.
25
We plan to continue expanding our operations abroad where we have limited operating experience and may be subject to increased
business and economic risks that could affect our financial results.
We plan to continue the international expansion of our business operations and the translation of our products. We currently
make Facebook available in more than 70 different languages, and we have offices or data centers in more than 25 different countries.
We may enter new international markets where we have limited or no experience in marketing, selling, and deploying our products.
For example, we continue to evaluate making Facebook generally available in China. However, this market has substantial legal and
regulatory complexities that have prevented this to date. If we fail to deploy or manage our operations in international markets
successfully, our business may suffer. In addition, we are subject to a variety of risks inherent in doing business internationally,
including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
political, social, or economic instability;
risks related to the legal and regulatory environment in foreign jurisdictions, including with respect to privacy and tax
and terrestrial infrastructure matters, and unexpected changes in laws, regulatory requirements, and enforcement;
potential damage to our brand and reputation due to compliance with local laws, including potential censorship or
requirements to provide user information to local authorities;
fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
higher levels of credit risk and payment fraud;
enhanced difficulties of integrating any foreign acquisitions;
burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws;
reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
difficulties in staffing and managing global operations and the increased travel, infrastructure, and legal compliance
costs associated with multiple international locations;
compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar laws in other jurisdictions;
and
compliance with statutory equity requirements and management of tax consequences.
If we are unable to expand internationally and manage the complexity of our global operations successfully, our financial results could
be adversely affected.
We may incur a substantial amount of indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial condition.
In August 2013, we entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility under which we may borrow up to $6.5
billion to fund working capital and general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2013, no amounts were outstanding under this
facility. If we draw down on this facility in the future, our interest expense and principal repayment requirements will increase
significantly, which could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
We may require additional capital to support our business growth, and this capital may not be available on acceptable terms, if at
all.
We may require additional capital to support our business growth or to respond to business opportunities, challenges or
unforeseen circumstances. Our ability to obtain additional capital, if and when required, will depend on our business plans, investor
demand, our operating performance, the condition of the capital markets, and other factors. If we raise additional funds through the
issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to the rights of
our Class A common stock, and our existing stockholders may experience dilution. If we are unable to obtain additional capital, or
are unable to obtain additional capital on satisfactory terms, our ability to continue to support our business growth or to respond to
business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances could be adversely affected, and our business may be harmed.
If we default on our leasing and credit obligations, our operations may be interrupted and our business and financial results could
be adversely affected.
We finance a significant portion of our expenditures through leasing arrangements, some of which are not required to be reflected
on our balance sheet, and we may enter into additional similar arrangements in the future. In particular, we have used these types of
26
arrangements to finance some of our equipment and data centers. In addition, we have a $6.5 billion revolving credit facility that we
may draw upon to finance our operations or other corporate purposes. If we default on these leasing and credit obligations, our leasing
partners and lenders may, among other things:
•
•
•
•
•
•
require repayment of any outstanding lease obligations or amounts drawn on our credit facility;
terminate our leasing arrangements and credit facilities;
terminate our access to the leased data centers we utilize;
stop delivery of ordered equipment;
sell or require us to return our leased equipment; or
require us to pay significant damages.
If some or all of these events were to occur, our operations may be interrupted and our ability to fund our operations or obligations,
as well as our business, financial results, and financial condition, could be adversely affected.
We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities.
Our income tax obligations are based in part on our corporate operating structure and intercompany arrangements, including
the manner in which we develop, value, and use our intellectual property and the valuations of our intercompany transactions. The
tax laws applicable to our business, including the laws of the United States and other jurisdictions, are subject to interpretation and
certain jurisdictions are aggressively interpreting their laws in new ways in an effort to raise additional tax proceeds from companies
such as Facebook. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing
developed technology or intercompany arrangements, which could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial
position and results of operations. We are subject to regular review and audit by U.S. federal and state and foreign tax authorities. Tax
authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken and any adverse outcome of such a review or audit could have a negative
effect on our financial position and results of operations. In addition, the determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes
and other tax liabilities requires significant judgment by management, and there are many transactions where the ultimate tax
determination is uncertain. Although we believe that our estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax outcome may differ from the
amounts recorded in our financial statements and may materially affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such
determination is made. In addition, our future income taxes could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in
jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in jurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates, by
changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting principles. For
example, we have previously incurred losses in certain international subsidiaries that resulted in an effective tax rate that is significantly
higher than the statutory tax rate in the United States and this could continue to happen in the future.
Changes in tax laws or tax rulings could materially affect our financial position and results of operations.
Changes in tax laws or tax rulings could materially affect our financial position and results of operations. For example, the
current U.S. administration and key members of Congress have made public statements indicating that tax reform is a priority. Certain
changes to U.S. tax laws, including limitations on the ability to defer U.S. taxation on earnings outside of the United States until those
earnings are repatriated to the United States, could affect the tax treatment of our foreign earnings. In addition, many countries in the
European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, are actively considering changes to existing tax laws. Certain proposals could include recommendations that would
significantly increase our tax obligations in many countries where we do business. Due to the large and expanding scale of our
international business activities, any changes in the taxation of such activities may increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm
our financial position and results of operations.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
The trading price of our Class A common stock has been and will likely continue to be volatile.
The trading price of our Class A common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile. Since shares of our Class A
common stock were sold in our IPO in May 2012 at a price of $38.00 per share, our stock price has ranged from $17.55 to $58.58
through December 31, 2013. In addition to the factors discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the trading price of our Class A
common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
•
•
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue and other operating results;
the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these
27
projections;
actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities
analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;
additional shares of our Class A common stock being sold into the market by us or our existing stockholders, including
shares sold by our employees to cover tax liabilities in connection with RSU vesting events, or the anticipation of such
sales;
investor sentiment with respect to our competitors, our business partners, and our industry in general;
announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic
partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;
announcements by us or estimates by third parties of actual or anticipated changes in the size of our user base, the level
of user engagement, or the effectiveness of our ad products;
changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of technology companies in our industry, including our
developers and competitors;
price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;
the inclusion or deletion of our Class A common stock from any trading indices, such as the S&P 500 Index;
media coverage of our business and financial performance;
lawsuits threatened or filed against us;
developments in new legislation and pending lawsuits or regulatory actions, including interim or final rulings by judicial
or regulatory bodies; and
other events or factors, including those resulting from war or incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect
the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in
a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. We are currently subject to securities litigation
in connection with our IPO. We may experience more such litigation following future periods of volatility. Any securities litigation
could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our
business.
If securities or industry analysts publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts
publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade the rating of our Class A common stock or
publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our Class A common stock price could decline.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance
the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a
result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our Class A common stock if the trading price of our Class A common
stock increases. In addition, our credit facility contains restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.
28
If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the
accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the trading price of our Class A common stock may be negatively affected.
We are subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), which requires us to maintain internal controls over financial
reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. We have consumed and will continue to consume management
resources and incur expenses for SOX compliance on an ongoing basis. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control
over financial reporting, or if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or assert that our
internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial
reports and the trading price of our Class A common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations
by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), or other regulatory authorities,
which could require additional financial and management resources.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management's attention.
We also are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Dodd-Frank Act,
the listing requirements of the NASDAQ Global Select Market, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance
with these rules and regulations has increased and likely will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make
some activities more difficult, time-consuming, or costly, and increase demand on our systems and resources. As a result, management's
attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business and operating results.
In addition, complying with public disclosure rules makes our business more visible, which we believe may result in threatened
or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and operating results
could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources
necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and harm our business and operating results.
The dual class structure of our common stock and the voting agreements among certain stockholders have the effect of concentrating
voting control with our CEO, and also with certain employees and directors and their affiliates; this will limit or preclude your
ability to influence corporate matters.
Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Stockholders who
hold shares of Class B common stock, including certain of our executive officers, employees, and directors and their affiliates, together
hold a substantial majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between our
Class B and Class A common stock, the holders of our Class B common stock collectively control a majority of the combined voting
power of our common stock and therefore are able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval so long as the
shares of Class B common stock represent at least 9.1% of all outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock. This
concentrated control will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future.
Transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, subject
to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning or charitable purposes. The conversion of Class B common
stock to Class A common stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B
common stock who retain their shares in the long term. If, for example, Mr. Zuckerberg retains a significant portion of his holdings
of Class B common stock for an extended period of time, he could, in the future, continue to control a majority of the combined voting
power of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock.
We have elected to take advantage of the "controlled company" exemption to the corporate governance rules for NASDAQ-listed
companies, which could make our Class A common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.
Because we qualify as a "controlled company" under the corporate governance rules for NASDAQ-listed companies, we are
not required to have a majority of our board of directors be independent, nor are we required to have a compensation committee or
an independent nominating function. In light of our status as a controlled company, our board of directors determined not to have an
independent nominating function and chose to have the full board of directors be directly responsible for nominating members of our
board, and in the future we could elect not to have a majority of our board of directors be independent or not to have a compensation
committee. Accordingly, should the interests of our controlling stockholder differ from those of other stockholders, the other
stockholders may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance
rules for NASDAQ-listed companies. Our status as a controlled company could make our Class A common stock less attractive to
some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.
Delaware law and provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy
contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage,
29
delay, or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a
period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing
stockholders. In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our
company more difficult, including the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
until the first date on which the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than 35% of the combined
voting power of our common stock, any transaction that would result in a change in control of our company requires
the approval of a majority of our outstanding Class B common stock voting as a separate class;
we have a dual class common stock structure, which provides Mr. Zuckerberg with the ability to control the outcome
of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if he owns significantly less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding
Class A and Class B common stock;
when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than a majority of the combined voting power
of common stock, certain amendments to our restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws will require the approval of
two-thirds of the combined vote of our then-outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock;
when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than a majority of the combined voting power
of our common stock, vacancies on our board of directors will be able to be filled only by our board of directors and
not by stockholders;
when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than a majority of the combined voting power
of our common stock, our board of directors will be classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year
terms and directors will only be able to be removed from office for cause;
when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than a majority of the combined voting power
of our common stock, our stockholders will only be able to take action at a meeting of stockholders and not by written
consent;
only our chairman, our chief executive officer, our president, or a majority of our board of directors are authorized to
call a special meeting of stockholders;
advance notice procedures apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters
before an annual meeting of stockholders;
our restated certificate of incorporation authorizes undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established,
and shares of which may be issued, without stockholder approval; and
certain litigation against us can only be brought in Delaware.
30
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2013, we leased office and data center facilities around the world totaling approximately 2 million square feet,
including one million square feet for our corporate headquarters in Menlo Park, California. We have data centers in the United States,
including data center facilities that we own in North Carolina and Oregon and leased data center facilities in California and Virginia. We
also own a data center facility in Lulea, Sweden. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs. To support planned
future growth, we are currently making significant investments to expand our corporate headquarters in Menlo Park, California and
constructing a new data center in Altoona, Iowa.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Paul D. Ceglia filed suit against us and Mark Zuckerberg on or about June 30, 2010, in the Supreme Court of the State of New
York for the County of Allegheny, claiming substantial ownership of our company based on a purported contract between Mr. Ceglia and
Mr. Zuckerberg allegedly entered into in April 2003. We removed the case to the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New
York, where the case is now pending. In his first amended complaint, filed on April 11, 2011, Mr. Ceglia revised his claims to include an
alleged partnership with Mr. Zuckerberg, he revised his claims for relief to seek a substantial share of Mr. Zuckerberg's ownership in us,
and he included quotations from supposed emails that he claims to have exchanged with Mr. Zuckerberg in 2003 and 2004. On March 26,
2012, we filed a motion to dismiss Mr. Ceglia's complaint and a motion for judgment on the pleadings. On November 27, 2012, Mr.
Ceglia was indicted on mail and wire fraud charges based on his prosecution of this lawsuit. On March 26, 2013, the magistrate judge
overseeing the matter issued a report recommending that the court grant our motion to dismiss and that it deny as moot our motion for
judgment on the pleadings. We continue to believe that Mr. Ceglia is attempting to perpetrate a fraud on the court and we intend to continue
to defend the case vigorously.
Beginning on May 22, 2012, multiple putative class actions, derivative actions, and individual actions were filed in state and federal
courts in the United States and in other jurisdictions against us, our directors, and/or certain of our officers alleging violation of securities
laws or breach of fiduciary duties in connection with our initial public offering (IPO) and seeking unspecified damages. We believe these
lawsuits are without merit, and we intend to continue to vigorously defend them. On October 4, 2012, on our motion, the vast majority
of the cases in the United States, along with multiple cases filed against The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. and The Nasdaq Stock Market
LLC (collectively referred to herein as NASDAQ) alleging technical and other trading-related errors by NASDAQ in connection with
our IPO, were ordered centralized for coordinated or consolidated pre-trial proceedings in the United States District Court for the Southern
District of New York. On February 13, 2013, the court granted our motion to dismiss four derivative actions against our directors and
certain of our officers with leave to amend. On October 8, 2013, the court heard argument on our motion to dismiss the consolidated
securities class action, as well as our motion to dismiss, and the plaintiffs' motion to remand to state court, certain other derivative actions.
On December 18, 2013, the court denied our motion to dismiss the consolidated securities class action. On December 23, 2013, the court
granted our motion to dismiss, and denied the plaintiffs’ motion to remand to state court, certain other derivative actions. In addition, the
events surrounding our IPO have become the subject of various government inquiries, and we are cooperating with those inquiries. Any
such inquiries could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely
affect our business.
We are also party to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Among these pending legal
matters, one case, Rembrandt Social Media, LP v. Facebook, Inc., et al., was scheduled to begin trial in December 2013 in the U.S.
District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. In this case, the plaintiff alleges that we infringe certain patents held by the plaintiff.
The plaintiff is seeking significant monetary damages and equitable relief. The trial date was vacated in December 2013 and the case is
currently on appeal. We believe the claims made by the plaintiff in the Rembrandt case are without merit, and we intend to continue to
defend ourselves vigorously.
In addition, we are also currently parties to multiple other lawsuits related to our products, including other patent infringement
lawsuits as well as class action lawsuits brought by users and marketers, and we may in the future be subject to additional lawsuits and
disputes. We are also involved in other claims, government investigations, and proceedings arising from the ordinary course of our
business.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
31
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information for Common Stock
Our Class A common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "FB" since May 18, 2012.
Prior to that time, there was no public market for our stock. The following table sets forth for the indicated periods the high and low
intra-day sales prices per share for our Class A common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
First Quarter
Second Quarter (1)
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
2013
2012
High
Low
High
Low
$32.51
$29.07
$51.60
$58.58
$24.72
$22.67
$24.15
$43.55
n/a
$45.00
$32.88
$28.88
n/a
$25.52
$17.55
$18.80
(1)
The period reported for the second quarter of 2012 is from May 18, 2012 through June 30, 2012.
Our Class B common stock is not listed nor traded on any stock exchange.
Holders of Record
As of December 31, 2013, there were 4,819 stockholders of record of our Class A common stock, and the closing price of our
Class A common stock was $54.65 per share as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Because many of our shares of
Class A common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number
of stockholders represented by these record holders. As of December 31, 2013, there were 102 stockholders of record of our Class B
common stock.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock. We intend to retain any future earnings and do not
expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, our credit facility contains restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
Recent Sale of Unregistered Securities and Use of Proceeds
Recent Sale of Unregistered Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
On May 17, 2012, our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-179287) was declared effective by the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) for our initial public offering pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 180,000,000 shares of our
Class A common stock at a price to the public of $38.00 per share. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds
from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on May 18, 2012 pursuant to Rule 424(b).
32
Stock Performance Graph
This performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not
be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Facebook, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the
Exchange Act.
The following graph shows a comparison from May 18, 2012 (the date our Class A common stock commenced trading on the
NASDAQ Global Select Market) through December 31, 2013 of the cumulative total return for our Class A common stock, the Standard
& Poor's 500 Stock Index (S&P 500 Index) and the Nasdaq Composite Index (NASDAQ Composite). The graph assumes that $100
was invested at the market close on May 18, 2012 in the Class A common stock of Facebook, Inc., the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ
Composite and data for the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ Composite assumes reinvestments of dividends. The stock price
performance of the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by this item with respect to our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference to our
Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within
120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.
33
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included
in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The consolidated statements of income data for each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 and the consolidated
balance sheets data as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part
II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of income
data for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 and the consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009
are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical
results are not necessarily indicative of our results in any future period.
Consolidated Statements of Income Data:
Revenue
Total costs and expenses(1)
Income from operations
Income before provision for income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B
common stockholders
Earnings per share attributable to Class A and
Class B common stockholders (2):
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
(in millions, except per share data)
$
7,872
$
5,089
$
3,711
$
1,974
$
5,068
2,804
2,754
1,500
1,491
4,551
538
494
53
32
1,955
1,756
1,695
1,000
668
942
1,032
1,008
606
372
Basic
Diluted
$
$
0.62
0.60
$
$
0.02
0.01
$
$
0.52
0.46
$
$
0.34
0.28
$
$
777
515
262
254
229
122
0.12
0.10
(1) Total costs and expenses include $906 million, $1.57 billion, $217 million, $20 million and $27 million of share-based compensation for the years ended December 31,
2013, 2012, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
(2) See Note 3 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a description of our computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Class A
and Class B common stockholders.
Consolidated Balance Sheets Data:
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities
Working capital
$
Property and equipment, net
Total assets
Capital lease obligations
Long-term debt
Total liabilities
Additional paid-in capital
Total stockholders' equity
Free Cash Flow
2013
2012
As of December 31,
2011
(in millions)
2010
2009
$
11,449
11,970
2,882
17,895
476
—
2,425
12,297
15,470
$
9,626
10,215
2,391
15,103
856
1,500
3,348
10,094
11,755
$
3,908
3,705
1,475
6,331
677
—
1,432
2,684
4,899
$
1,785
1,857
574
2,990
223
250
828
947
2,162
633
703
148
1,109
95
—
241
253
868
In addition to other financial measures presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), we
monitor free cash flow (FCF) as a non-GAAP measure to manage our business, make planning decisions, evaluate our performance, and
allocate resources. We define FCF as net cash provided by operating activities reduced by purchases of property and equipment and
property and equipment acquired under capital leases.
34
We believe that FCF is one of the key financial indicators of our business performance over the long term and provides useful
information regarding how cash provided by operating activities compares to the property and equipment investments required to maintain
and grow our business. We have chosen to subtract both purchases of property and equipment and property and equipment acquired under
capital leases in our calculation of FCF because we believe that these two items collectively represent the amount of property and equipment
we need to procure to support our business, regardless of whether we finance such property or equipment with a capital lease. The market
for financing servers and other technical equipment is dynamic and we expect our use of capital leases could vary significantly from year
to year.
We have chosen our definition for FCF because we believe that this methodology can provide useful supplemental information to
help investors better understand underlying trends in our business. We use FCF in discussions with our senior management and board of
directors.
FCF has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of other GAAP
financial measures, such as net cash provided by operating activities. Some of the limitations of FCF are:
•
•
FCF does not reflect our future contractual commitments; and
other companies in our industry present similarly titled measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as
comparative measures.
Management compensates for the inherent limitations associated with using the FCF measure through disclosure of such limitations,
presentation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and reconciliation of FCF to the most directly comparable GAAP
measure, net cash provided by operating activities, as presented below.
The following is a reconciliation of FCF to the most comparable GAAP measure, net cash provided by operating activities:
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
(in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities (1)
Purchases of property and equipment
Property and equipment acquired under capital leases
Free cash flow
$
$
4,222
$
1,612
$
1,549
$
698
$
(1,362)
(11)
(1,235)
(340)
(606)
(473)
(293)
(217)
2,849
$
37
$
470
$
188
$
155
(33)
(56)
66
(1) For the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash provided by operating activities was reduced by $451 million of income tax refundable from income tax loss
carrybacks due to the recognition of tax benefits related to share-based compensation from RSUs granted prior to January 1, 2011. We received substantially all of
this refund in 2013 which increased our net cash provided by operating activities and FCF for the year ended December 31, 2013.
35
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial
statements and the related notes included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. In addition to our historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements
that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking
statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K, particularly in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors." For a discussion of limitations in the measurement of certain of our user
metrics, see the section entitled "Limitations of Key Metrics and Other Data."
Overview
Our mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected.
We build products that support our mission by creating value for users, marketers, and developers:
Users. We enable people who use Facebook to stay connected with their friends and family, to discover and learn what is going on
in the world around them, and to share and express what matters to them to the people they care about.
Marketers. We enable marketers to engage with more than 1.2 billion monthly active users (MAUs) on Facebook or subsets of our
users based on information they have chosen to share with us such as their age, location, gender, or interests. We offer marketers benefits
such as targeted reach, engagement, Facebook ads, Facebook ad system and ad measurement.
Developers. We enable developers to use Facebook's developer services to build, grow and monetize their mobile and web
applications that integrate with Facebook more rapidly and successfully.
We generate substantially all of our revenue from advertising and from fees associated with our Payments infrastructure that enables
users to purchase virtual and digital goods from developers with applications on the Facebook website. For the year ended December 31,
2013, we recorded revenue of $7.87 billion, income from operations of $2.8 billion and net income of $1.5 billion.
36
Trends in Our User Metrics
The numbers for our key metrics, our daily active users (DAUs), mobile DAUs, MAUs, mobile MAUs and average revenue per
user (ARPU), and certain other metric such as mobile-only DAUs and mobile-only MAUs, do not include Instagram users unless they
would otherwise qualify as such users, respectively, based on their other activities on Facebook. In addition, other user engagement
metrics do not include Instagram unless otherwise specifically stated.
Trends in the number of our users affect our revenue and financial results by influencing the number of ads we are able to show,
the volume of Payments transactions, as well as our expenses and capital expenditures.
• Daily Active Users (DAUs). We define a daily active user as a registered Facebook user who logged in and visited Facebook
through our website or a mobile device, used our Messenger app, or took an action to share content or activity with his or her
Facebook friends or connections via a third-party website or application that is integrated with Facebook, on a given day. We
view DAUs, and DAUs as a percentage of MAUs, as measures of user engagement.
Note: For purposes of reporting DAUs, MAUs, and ARPU by geographic region, Europe includes all users in Russia and Turkey, Asia includes all users in
Australia and New Zealand, and Rest of World includes all users in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East.
37
Worldwide DAUs increased 22% to 757 million on average during December 2013 from 618 million during December 2012.
We experienced growth in DAUs across major markets including Brazil, India and the United States. Overall growth in DAUs
was driven largely by increased mobile usage of Facebook. The number of DAUs using personal computers decreased modestly
in December 2013 compared to the same period in 2012.
• Mobile DAUs. We define a mobile DAU as a user who accessed Facebook via a mobile application or via versions of our website
such as m.facebook.com, whether on a mobile phone or tablet, on a given day.
Worldwide mobile DAUs increased 49% to 556 million on average during December 2013 from 374 million during December
2012. In all regions, an increasing number of our DAUs are accessing Facebook through mobile devices, with users in Brazil,
United States and India representing key sources of mobile growth on average during December 2013 as compared to the same
period during 2012. There were 395 million mobile DAUs who accessed Facebook solely through mobile applications or our
mobile website on average during the month ended December 31, 2013, increasing 65% from 240 million during the same period
in 2012. The remaining 161 million mobile DAUs accessed Facebook from both personal computers and mobile devices during
December 2013. We anticipate that the rate of growth in mobile usage will continue to be the primary driver of our user growth
for the foreseeable future and that usage through personal computers may be flat or decline worldwide, including in key markets
such as the United States and other developed markets in Europe and Asia.
38
• Monthly Active Users (MAUs). We define a monthly active user as a registered Facebook user who logged in and visited
Facebook through our website or a mobile device, used our Messenger app, or took an action to share content or activity with
his or her Facebook friends or connections via a third-party website or application that is integrated with Facebook, in the last
30 days as of the date of measurement. MAUs are a measure of the size of our global active user community.
As of December 31, 2013, we had 1.23 billion MAUs, an increase of 16% from December 31, 2012. Users in India, Brazil
and Mexico represented key sources of growth in 2013 relative to the prior year.
• Mobile MAUs. We define a mobile MAU as a user who accessed Facebook via a mobile application or via versions of our
website such as m.facebook.com, whether on a mobile phone or tablet, during the period of measurement.
39
Worldwide mobile MAUs increased 39% to 945 million as of December 31, 2013 from 680 million as of December 31, 2012.
In all regions, an increasing number of our MAUs are accessing Facebook through mobile devices, with users in India,
Brazil, and the United States representing key sources of mobile growth over the fourth quarter of 2013 as compared to the
same period in 2012. There were 296 million mobile MAUs who accessed Facebook solely through mobile applications or
our mobile website during the month ended December 31, 2013, increasing 89% from 157 million during the same period in
2012. The remaining 649 million mobile MAUs accessed Facebook from both personal computers and mobile devices during
December 2013. We anticipate that the rate of growth in mobile usage will continue to be the primary driver of our user
growth for the foreseeable future and that usage through personal computers will decline worldwide, including in key
markets such as the United States and other developed markets in Europe and Asia.
40
Trends in Our Monetization by User Geography
We calculate our revenue by user geography based on our estimate of the geography in which ad impressions are delivered or
virtual and digital goods are purchased. We define ARPU as our total revenue in a given geography during a given quarter, divided by
the average of the number of MAUs in the geography at the beginning and end of the quarter. Annual ARPU is the sum of respective
quarterly ARPU amounts in that year. The geography of our users affects our revenue and financial results because we currently monetize
users in different geographies at different average rates. Our revenue and ARPU in regions such as United States & Canada and Europe
are relatively higher due to the size and maturity of those advertising markets as well as our greater sales presence and the number of
payment methods that we make available to marketers and users. For example, ARPU for an average user in 2013 in United States &
Canada is more than five times higher than for an average user in Asia.
Note: Our revenue by user geography in the charts above is geographically apportioned based on our estimation of the geographic location of our users when they
perform a revenue-generating activity. This allocation differs from our revenue by geography disclosure in our consolidated financial statements where revenue is
geographically apportioned based on the location of the marketer or developer.
41
For 2013, worldwide ARPU was $6.81, an increase of 28% from 2012. Over this period, ARPU increased by approximately 43%
in Rest of World, 38% in the United States & Canada, 36% in Europe and 34% in Asia. User growth was more rapid in geographies with
relatively lower ARPU, such as Asia and Rest of World. We expect that user growth in the future will continue to be higher in those
regions where ARPU is relatively lower, such as Asia and Rest of World, such that worldwide ARPU may continue to increase at a slower
rate relative to ARPU in any geographic region, or potentially decrease even if ARPU increases in each geographic region.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The
preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis.
Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.
Our actual results could differ from these estimates.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters
that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably could have been used, or if changes in the
estimate that are reasonably possible could materially impact the financial statements. We believe that the assumptions and estimates
associated with revenue recognition for payments and other fees, income taxes, share-based compensation, loss contingencies, and business
combinations and valuation of goodwill and other acquired intangible assets have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated
financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. For further information on all of
our significant accounting policies, see Note 1 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item
8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Revenue Recognition for Payments and Other Fees
We enable Payments from our users to developers with applications on the Facebook website. Our users can make payments on
Facebook by using debit and credit cards, PayPal, mobile phone payments, gift cards or other methods. We receive a fee from developers
when a user engages in a payment transaction for the purchase of a virtual or digital good on the Facebook website. The price of the
virtual or digital good is a price that is solely determined by the developer. We remit to the developer an amount that is based on the total
amount of transaction less the processing fee that we charge the developer for the service performed. Our revenue is the net amount of
the transaction representing our processing fee for the transaction. We record revenue on a net basis as we do not consider ourselves to
be the principal in the sale of the virtual or digital good to the user. Under GAAP guidance related to reporting revenue gross as a principal
versus net as an agent, the indicators used to determine whether an entity is a principal or an agent to a transaction are subject to judgment.
We consider ourselves the agent to these transactions when we apply the indicators to our facts. Should material subsequent changes in
the substance or nature of the transactions with developers result in us being considered the principal in such sales, we would reflect the
virtual and digital goods sale as revenue and the amounts paid to the developers as an associated cost.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in
determining our provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of
accounting principles and complex tax laws.
We record a provision for income taxes for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations using the asset
and liability method. Under this method, we recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of
temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, as well as for operating loss and tax credit
carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the
years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred
tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized.
We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will
be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. Although we believe that we have
adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions, we can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be
materially different. We make adjustments to these reserves when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or
the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such
differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made and could have a material impact
on our financial condition and operating results. The provision for income taxes includes the effects of any reserves that we believe are
appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties.
Share-based Compensation
Prior to January 1, 2011 we granted RSUs (Pre-2011 RSUs) to our employees and members of our board of directors that vested
upon the satisfaction of both a service-based condition, generally over four years, and a liquidity condition. The liquidity condition was
42
satisfied in connection with our IPO in May 2012. Therefore, we did not recognize any expense relating to the granting of the Pre-2011
RSUs until the completion of our IPO. For the Pre-2011 RSUs, we recognize share-based compensation expense using the accelerated
attribution method, net of estimated forfeitures, in which compensation cost for each vesting tranche in an award is recognized ratably
from the service inception date to the vesting date for that tranche.
RSUs granted on or after January 1, 2011 (Post-2011 RSUs) are not subject to a liquidity condition in order to vest, and compensation
expense related to these grants is based on the grant date fair value of the RSUs and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable
service period. The majority of Post-2011 RSUs are earned over a service period of four to five years. For Post-2011 RSUs, which are
only subject to a service condition, we recognize share-based compensation expense on a ratable basis over the requisite service period
for the entire award.
We account for share-based employee compensation plans under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions in
accordance with applicable accounting standards, which require all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options
and RSUs, to be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the awards.
Share-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures in our consolidated statements of income and as such
is recorded for only those share-based awards that we expect to vest. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on historical forfeitures of
equity awards and adjust the rate to reflect changes in facts and circumstances, if any. We will revise our estimated forfeiture rate if actual
forfeitures differ from our initial estimates.
We have historically issued unvested restricted shares to employee stockholders of certain acquired companies. As these awards
are generally subject to continued post-acquisition employment, we have accounted for them as post-acquisition share-based compensation
expense. We recognize compensation expense equal to the grant date fair value of the common stock on a straight-line basis over the
employee's required service period.
Loss Contingencies
We are involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Certain
of these matters include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages. We record a liability when we believe
that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to
determine both probability and the estimated amount. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions accordingly
to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and updated information.
We believe that the amount or estimable range of reasonably possible loss, will not, either individually or in the aggregate, have
a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows with respect to loss
contingencies for legal and other contingencies as of December 31, 2013. However, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain.
Therefore, if one or more of these legal matters were resolved against us for amounts in excess of management's expectations, our results
of operations and financial condition, including in a particular reporting period, could be materially adversely affected.
Business Combinations and Valuation of Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets
We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired
based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets
and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially
with respect to intangible assets. During the measurement period, which is one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments
to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period,
any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.
We review goodwill for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. We have elected to first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is more
likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting operating unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether
it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment under Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-08, Goodwill and
Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). If we determine that
it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test will be performed.
The first step, identifying a potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying
amount exceeds its fair value, the second step will be performed; otherwise, no further step is required. The second step, measuring the
impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the goodwill with the carrying amount of the goodwill. Any excess of the goodwill
carrying amount over the applied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss, and the carrying value of goodwill is written down to
fair value. As of December 31, 2013, no impairment of goodwill has been identified.
Acquired intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We evaluate the recoverability of amortizable intangible
assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.
Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are
43
expected to generate. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of property and equipment and intangible assets is not recoverable,
the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. We have not recorded any such impairment charge during the years presented.
In addition to the recoverability assessment, we routinely review the remaining estimated useful lives of our amortizable intangible
assets. If we reduce the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance would be amortized over the
revised estimated useful life.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate substantially all of our revenue from advertising and from fees associated with our Payments infrastructure that
enables users to purchase virtual and digital goods from our developers with applications on the Facebook website.
Advertising. Our advertising revenue is generated by displaying ad products on the Facebook website or mobile application
and third-party affiliated websites or mobile applications. Marketers pay for ad products either directly or through their relationships
with advertising agencies, based on the number of clicks made by our users, the number of actions taken by our users or the number
of impressions delivered. We recognize revenue from the delivery of click-based ads in the period in which a user clicks on the content,
and action-based ads in the period in which a user takes the action the marketer contracted for. We recognize revenue from the display
of impression-based ads in the contracted period in which the impressions are delivered. Impressions are considered delivered when
an ad is displayed to users. The number of ads we show is subject to methodological changes as we continue to evolve our ads business
and the structure of our ads products. Whether we count the initial display only or every display of an ad as an impression is dependent
on where the ad is displayed. For example, an individual ad in News Feed that is purchased on an impression basis may be displayed
to users more than once during a day; however, only the initial display of the ad is considered an impression, regardless of how many
times the ad is actually displayed within the News Feed to a particular user. We calculate price per ad as total ad revenue divided by
the number of ads delivered, representing the effective price paid per impression by a marketer regardless of their desired objective
such as impression, click, or action.
Payments and other fees. We enable Payments from our users to purchase virtual and digital goods from our developers with
applications on the Facebook website. Our users can transact and make payments on the Facebook website by using debit and credit
cards, PayPal, mobile phone payments, gift cards or other methods. We receive a fee from developers when users make purchases in
these applications using our Payments infrastructure. We recognize revenue net of amounts remitted to our developers. We have
mandated the use of our Payments infrastructure for game applications on Facebook, and fees related to Payments are generated
almost exclusively from games. Our other fees revenue, which has not been significant in recent periods, consists primarily of user
Promoted Posts and our ad serving and measurement products.
Cost of Revenue and Operating Expenses
Cost of revenue. Our cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses associated with the delivery and distribution of our
products. These include expenses related to the operation of our data centers such as facility and server equipment depreciation, facility
and server equipment rent expense, energy and bandwidth costs, support and maintenance costs, and salaries, benefits, and share-
based compensation for employees on our operations teams. Cost of revenue also includes credit card and other transaction fees related
to processing customer transactions.
Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and share-based
compensation for employees on our engineering and technical teams who are responsible for building new products as well as improving
existing products. We expense all of our research and development costs as they are incurred.
Marketing and sales. Our marketing and sales expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation
for our employees engaged in sales, sales support, marketing, business development, and customer service functions. Our marketing
and sales expenses also include user-, developer-, and marketer-facing marketing and promotional expenditures.
General and administrative. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and share-based
compensation for our executives as well as our legal, finance, human resources, corporate communications and policy, and other
administrative employees. In addition, general and administrative expenses include outside consulting fees, and legal and accounting
services. General and administrative expenses also include legal settlements and amortization of patents we acquired.
44
Results of Operations
The following table set forth our consolidated statements of income data:
Consolidated Statements of Income Data:
Revenue
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Total costs and expenses
Income from operations
Interest and other expense, net
Income before provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income
Share-based compensation expense included in costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Total share-based compensation expense
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
(in millions)
$
7,872
$
5,089
$
3,711
1,875
1,415
997
781
5,068
2,804
(50)
2,754
1,254
1,364
1,399
896
892
4,551
538
(44)
494
441
$
1,500
$
53
$
860
388
393
314
1,955
1,756
(61)
1,695
695
1,000
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
$
$
(in millions)
88
843
306
335
1,572
$
$
$
$
42
604
133
127
906
9
114
37
57
217
The following table set forth our consolidated statements of income data (as a percentage of revenue):
Consolidated Statements of Income Data:
Revenue
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Total costs and expenses
Income from operations
Interest and other expense, net
Income before provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
100%
100%
100%
24
18
13
10
64
36
(1)
35
16
19%
27
27
18
18
89
11
(1)
10
9
1%
23
10
11
8
53
47
(2)
46
19
27%
45
Share-based compensation expense included in costs and expenses (as a percentage of revenue):
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Total share-based compensation expense
Revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
1%
8
2
2
12%
2%
17
6
7
31%
—%
3
1
2
6%
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
(in millions)
2011
2013 vs 2012
% Change
2012 vs 2011
% Change
Advertising
Payments and other fees
Total revenue
$
$
6,986
886
7,872
$
$
4,279
810
5,089
$
$
3,154
557
3,711
63%
9%
55%
36%
45%
37%
2013 Compared to 2012. Revenue in 2013 increased $2.78 billion, or 55% compared to 2012. The increase was due primarily
to a 63% increase in advertising revenue during 2013 as compared to 2012.
The most important factor driving advertising revenue growth was an increase in revenue from ads in News Feed on both mobile
devices and personal computers. News Feed ads are displayed more prominently, have significantly higher levels of engagement and
a higher price per ad relative to our other ad placements. In 2013, we estimate that mobile advertising revenue represented approximately
45% of total advertising revenue, as compared with 11% in 2012. Other factors that influenced our advertising revenue growth in
2013 included an increase in the number of marketers actively advertising on Facebook, which we believe increased demand for our
ad inventory, and a 22% growth in average DAUs from December 2012 to December 2013.
In 2013 compared to 2012, we increased the number of ads shown by 20% and the average price per ad by 36%. The increase
in average price per ad was driven primarily by the increased number of News Feed ads on both mobile devices and personal computers,
offset partially by product changes including our decision to lower the market reserve price, i.e. the minimum price threshold accepted
in our auction. The increase in the number of ads shown was driven by user growth and the reserve price change, partially offset by
a shift towards more usage on mobile devices, where we show fewer ads than on personal computers.
Advertising revenue in the fourth quarter of 2013 increased 76% compared to the same period in 2012. The increase in ad
revenue in the fourth quarter of 2013 was driven by the same factors that drove 2013 annual ad revenue growth, primarily an increase
in revenue from ads in News Feed on both mobile devices and personal computers. For the fourth quarter of 2013, we estimate that
mobile advertising revenue represented approximately 53% of total advertising revenue, as compared with 23% in the same period
in 2012.
Advertising spending is traditionally seasonally strong in the fourth quarter of each year. We believe that this seasonality in
advertising spending affects our quarterly results, which generally reflect significant growth in advertising revenue between the third
and fourth quarters and a decline in advertising spending between the fourth and subsequent first quarters. For instance, our advertising
revenue increased 30%, 22%, and 18% between the third and fourth quarters of 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, while advertising
revenue for the first quarter of 2013 and 2012 declined 6% and 8% compared to the fourth quarters of 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Payments and other fees revenue in 2013 increased $76 million, or 9%, compared to 2012. The increase in Payments and other
fees revenue is a result of increased Payments revenue from games played on Facebook on personal computers, and to a lesser extent,
the inclusion of other fees revenue in 2013 from user Promoted Posts and our ad serving and measurement products.
Payments and other fees revenue in the fourth quarter of 2013 was $241 million, as compared to $256 million in the same
period of 2012, which was affected by a one-time increase in Payments revenue in the fourth quarter of 2012. Our Payments terms
and conditions provide for a 30-day claim period subsequent to a Payments transaction during which the customer may dispute the
virtual or digital goods transaction. Due to lack of historical transactional information, through the third quarter of 2012, we deferred
recognition of Payments revenue until the expiration of the claim period as we were unable to make reasonable and reliable estimates
46
of future refunds or chargebacks arising during this period. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2012, we had 24 months of historical
transactional information which enabled us to estimate future refunds and chargebacks. Accordingly, commencing in the fourth quarter
of 2012, we recorded all Payments revenues at the time of the purchase of the related virtual or digital goods, net of estimated refunds
or chargebacks. This change resulted in a one-time increase in Payments revenue in the fourth quarter of 2012 of approximately $66
million as we recognized revenue from four months of transactions.
In 2013, we generated approximately 46% of our revenue from marketers and developers based in the United States, compared
to 51% in 2012. The change is due to a faster growth rate of international users and to the expansion of international sales offices and
payment methods. The majority of our revenue outside of the United States came from customers located in Western Europe, Canada,
Australia and Brazil.
2012 Compared to 2011. Revenue in 2012 increased $1.38 billion, or 37% compared to 2011. The increase was due primarily
to a 36% increase in advertising revenue during 2012 as compared to 2011.
Advertising revenue grew due to a 32% increase in the number of ads delivered during 2012 and to a 3% increase in the average
price per ad. The increase in ads delivered was driven primarily by user growth. Average DAUs grew 28% from December 2011 to
December 2012 and MAUs grew 25% from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2012. Various product changes and changes in user
engagement generally offset in their impact on the average number of ads per user. For example, the shift to greater mobile use
generally reduced ads per user, while the introduction of ads in News Feed increased the number of ads per user. The rate of change
in number of ads delivered also differs by geography, driven by factors such as mobile penetration. For example, Europe and Rest of
World increased at a faster rate than the United States and Asia.
Growth in the average price per ad during 2012 compared to 2011 was driven primarily by an increase in price per ad in the
United States, which benefited from growth in ads in News Feed across desktop and mobile devices. Ads in News Feed have a
significantly higher average price per ad due to factors which include the prominent position of the ads. The increase in price per ad
in the United States was partially offset by an increased percentage of our worldwide ads being delivered in the Asia and Rest of
World geographies where the average price per ad, while growing on a year-over-year basis, is relatively lower. The average price
per ad was also affected by a decline in the average price per ad in Europe in 2012 compared to 2011 due to the impact of foreign
exchange rate changes, an increase in the percentage of ads being delivered in European regions where the average price per ads is
relatively lower, and in part, we believe, to continuing weak economic conditions in that region affecting advertiser demand.
In 2012, we estimate that mobile advertising revenue as a percentage of advertising revenue was approximately 11%. As mobile
advertising was not offered prior to the first quarter of 2012, comparisons to prior year are not meaningful.
Payments and other fees revenue in 2012 increased $253 million, or 45%, compared to 2011. Excluding the one-time increase
in Payments revenue described above, Payments and other fees revenue in 2012 increased 34% compared to 2011. Facebook Payments
became mandatory for all game developers accepting payments on the Facebook website with limited exceptions on July 1, 2011.
Accordingly, comparisons of Payments and other fees revenue to periods before this date may not be meaningful.
In 2012, we generated approximately 51% of our revenue from marketers and developers based in the United States, compared
to 56% in 2011. The change is due primarily to a faster growth rate of international users and, to a lesser extent, to the expansion of
international sales offices and payment methods. The majority of our revenue outside of the United States came from customers
located in western Europe, Canada, Australia and Brazil.
No customer represented 10% or more of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and one customer
represented 12% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue
Percentage of revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
(dollars in millions)
$
1,875
$
1,364
$
24%
27%
860
23%
2013 vs 2012
% Change
2012 vs 2011
% Change
37%
59%
2013 Compared to 2012. Cost of revenue in 2013 increased $511 million, or 37%, compared to 2012. The increase was primarily
due to operational expenses related to expanding our data center and technical infrastructure, including a $275 million increase in
depreciation in 2013. In addition, we recognized $117 million of lease abandonment expense in 2013 primarily due to exiting certain
47
leased data centers resulting from the migration of operations to our own data centers. In the event that circumstances change such
that we decide to re-occupy and utilize any of the data centers we have exited, we would reverse the remaining lease abandonment
liability associated with those facilities. The increase in cost of revenue in 2013 was partially offset by a $46 million decrease in share-
based compensation expense compared to 2012 mainly due to the recognition of expense in the prior period related to Pre-2011 RSUs
as a result of our IPO in May 2012.
2012 Compared to 2011. Cost of revenue in 2012 increased $504 million, or 59%, compared to 2011. The increase was primarily
due to expenses related to expanding our data center operations, including a $257 million increase in depreciation in 2012. Share-
based compensation expense increased by $79 million in 2012 compared to 2011 mainly due to the recognition of expenses related
to Pre-2011 RSUs triggered by the completion of our IPO in May 2012 and, to a lesser extent, Post-2011 RSUs. Increases in payroll
and benefits expenses resulting from a 65% increase in employee headcount also contributed to the increase in cost of revenue in
2012. These expenses supported our user growth, the increased usage of products by users, developers, and marketers, and the launch
of new products.
We anticipate that the cost of revenue will increase in dollar amount in 2014 and for the foreseeable future as we expand our
data center capacity and technical infrastructure to support user growth, increased user engagement, and the delivery of new products
and offerings. The expected increase in cost of revenue may be partially mitigated to the extent we are able to realize improvements
in server and network performance and the efficiency of our technical operations.
Research and development
Research and development
Percentage of revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
(dollars in millions)
$
1,415
$
1,399
$
18%
27%
388
10%
2013 vs 2012
% Change
2012 vs 2011
% Change
1%
261%
2013 Compared to 2012. Research and development expenses in 2013 increased $16 million, or 1%, compared to 2012. The
increase was primarily due to an increase in payroll and benefits expense resulting from a 50% growth in employee headcount from
December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013 in engineering and other technical functions. This increase in 2013 was offset by a $239
million decrease in share-based compensation expense compared to 2012 mainly due to the recognition of expense in the prior period
related to Pre-2011 RSUs as a result of our IPO in May 2012.
2012 Compared to 2011. Research and development expenses in 2012 increased $1.01 billion, or 261%, compared to 2011.
The increase was primarily due to an increase in share-based compensation expense of $729 million in 2012 resulting primarily from
the recognition of expenses related to Pre-2011 RSUs triggered by the completion of our IPO in May 2012 and, to a lesser extent,
Post-2011 RSUs. Payroll and benefits expense also increased due to a 73% growth in employee headcount in engineering, design,
product management, and other technical functions. This investment supported our efforts to improve existing products and build
new products for users, developers, and marketers.
In 2014, we plan to continue hiring software engineers and other technical employees. We expect research and development
expenses will rise in 2014 at a higher rate than it rose in 2013 due to the large share-based compensation expense in 2012 associated
with Pre-2011 RSUs as a result of our IPO which lowered the growth rate between 2012 and 2013.
Marketing and sales
Marketing and sales
Percentage of revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
(dollars in millions)
$
997
$
896
$
13%
18%
393
11%
2013 vs 2012
% Change
2012 vs 2011
% Change
11%
128%
2013 Compared to 2012. Marketing and sales expenses in 2013 increased $101 million, or 11%, compared to 2012. The increase
was primarily due to an increase in payroll and benefits expenses resulting from a 36% increase in employee headcount from December
31, 2012 to December 31, 2013 to support global sales, business development and customer service. Our user-, developer-, and
marketer-facing marketing expense also contributed to the increase in 2013. These increases in 2013 were partially offset by a decrease
48
in share-based compensation expense of $173 million compared to 2012 primarily due to the recognition of expense in the prior period
related to Pre-2011 RSUs as a result of our IPO in May 2012.
2012 Compared to 2011. Marketing and sales expenses in 2012 increased $503 million, or 128%, compared to 2011. The increase
was primarily due to an increase in share-based compensation expense of $269 million in 2012 resulting primarily from the recognition
of expenses related to Pre-2011 RSUs triggered by the completion of our IPO in May 2012 and, to a lesser extent, Post-2011 RSUs.
Payroll and benefits expenses also increased due to a 19% increase in employee headcount to support global sales, business development
and customer service. An increase in our user-, developer-, and marketer-facing marketing expense also contributed to the increase
in 2012.
In 2014, we plan to add sales and business development employees, and increase our investment in user-, developer-, and
marketer-facing marketing. We expect marketing and sales expenses will rise in 2014 at a higher rate than it rose in 2013 due to the
large share-based compensation expense in 2012 associated with Pre-2011 RSUs as a result of our IPO which lowered the growth
rate between 2012 and 2013.
General and administrative
General and administrative
Percentage of revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
(dollars in millions)
$
781
$
892
$
10%
18%
314
8%
2013 vs 2012
% Change
2012 vs 2011
% Change
(12)%
184%
2013 Compared to 2012. General and administrative expenses in 2013 decreased $111 million, or 12%, compared to 2012. The
decrease was primarily due to a $208 million decrease in share-based compensation expense in 2013 compared to 2012 resulting from
recognition of expense related to Pre-2011 RSUs as a result of our IPO in May 2012. The decrease in 2013 was partially offset by
increased payroll and benefits expense resulting from a 19% increase in employee headcount and increased amortization of acquired
patents.
2012 Compared to 2011. General and administrative expenses in 2012 increased $578 million, or 184%, compared to 2011.
The increase was primarily due to an increase in share-based compensation expense of $278 million resulting from recognition of
expense related to Pre-2011 RSUs and, to a lesser extent, Post-2011 RSUs. The increase was also due to growth in legal fees and
settlement costs, amortization of acquired patents and other professional service fees. Payroll and benefits expenses also increased
for 2012 due to a 38% increase in employee headcount in corporate communications and policy, human resources, legal, finance, and
other functions.
In 2014, we expect general and administrative expenses will grow relative to 2013 as we continue to increase general and
administrative employee headcount to support our growth.
Interest and other expense, net
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
(in millions)
2011
2013 vs 2012
% Change
2012 vs 2011
% Change
Interest expense
Other income (expense), net
Interest and other expense, net
$
$
(56) $
6
(50) $
(51) $
7
(44) $
(42)
(19)
(61)
10 %
(14)%
14 %
21 %
137 %
(28)%
2013 Compared to 2012. Interest and other expense, net in 2013 increased $6 million, or 14%, compared to 2012. Interest
expense increased by $5 million primarily due to interest on the $1.5 billion term loan that was drawn down in the fourth quarter of
2012 and fully repaid in August 2013. Other income, net in 2013 decreased $1 million compared to 2012 primarily due to an increase
in foreign exchange loss resulting from the periodic re-measurement of our foreign currency balances, offset by an increase in interest
income resulting from higher invested cash balances.
2012 Compared to 2011. Interest and other expense, net in 2012 decreased $17 million, or 28%, compared to 2011. Interest
expense increased by $9 million primarily due to an increased volume of property and equipment financed by capital leases for 2012
49
and interest on the $1.5 billion term loan that was drawn down in the fourth quarter of 2012. Changes in other income (expense), net
were primarily due to lower foreign exchange losses in 2012 resulting from the periodic re-measurement of our foreign currency
balances and an increase in interest income driven by higher invested cash balances.
Provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Effective tax rate
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
(dollars in millions)
$
1,254
$
441
$
46%
89%
695
41%
2013 vs 2012
% Change
2012 vs 2011
% Change
184%
(37)%
2013 Compared to 2012. Our provision for income taxes in 2013 increased $813 million, or 184%, compared to 2012, primarily
due to an increase in pretax income. Our effective tax rate decreased primarily due to a lower amount of non-deductible share-based
compensation resulting from recognition of expense related to Pre-2011 RSUs as a result of our IPO in May 2012. Our effective tax
rate in 2013 was also lower due to the reinstatement in 2013 of the federal tax credit for research and development activities. We
recognized the benefit from the reinstatement of the tax credit for 2012 and 2013 during the year ended December 31, 2013.
2012 Compared to 2011. Our provision for income taxes in 2012 decreased $254 million, or 37%, compared to 2011, primarily
due to a decrease in pretax income. Our effective tax rate increased primarily due to the impact of non-deductible share-based
compensation and the losses arising outside the United States in jurisdictions where we do not receive a tax benefit. Our effective tax
rate in 2012 was also higher due to the expiration of the federal tax credit for research and development activities.
50
Quarterly Results of Operations Data
The following tables set forth our unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data in dollars and as a percentage
of total revenue for each of the eight quarters in the period ended December 31, 2013. We have prepared the quarterly consolidated
statements of operations data on a basis consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8,
"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the financial
information reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which we consider necessary for a fair
presentation of this data. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related
notes included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results
of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period.
Dec 31,
2013
Sep 30,
2013
Jun 30,
2013
Mar 31,
2013
Dec 31,
2012
Sep 30,
2012
Jun 30,
2012
Mar 31,
2012
Three Months Ended
(in millions)
$ 2,344
$ 1,798
$ 1,599
$ 1,245
$ 1,329
$ 1,086
$
241
218
214
213
256
176
$
992
192
872
186
2,585
2,016
1,813
1,458
1,585
1,262
1,184
1,058
491
408
292
261
1,452
1,133
(3)
1,130
607
523
$
$
3
507
369
233
171
465
344
269
173
413
293
203
176
398
297
193
174
1,280
1,251
1,085
1,062
373
(20)
353
134
219
$
523
(18)
505
441
$
64
$
736
(10)
726
301
425
3
$
562
(17)
545
212
333
2
322
244
168
151
885
377
(5)
372
367
705
392
463
1,927
(743)
(22)
(765)
(608)
431
(59) $ (157) $
2
—
—
—
277
153
143
104
677
381
1
382
177
205
68
$
520
$
422
$
331
$
217
$
64
$
(59) $ (157) $
137
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Data:
Revenue:
Advertising
Payments and other fees(1)
Total revenue
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Total costs and expenses
Income (loss) from operations
Interest and other income (expense), net
Income (loss) before provision for
(benefit from) income taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Net income (loss)
Less: Net income attributable to
participating securities
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A
and Class B common stockholders
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to
Class A and Class B common
stockholders:
Basic
Diluted
$ 0.21
$ 0.17
$ 0.14
$ 0.09
$ 0.03
$ 0.20
$ 0.17
$ 0.13
$ 0.09
$ 0.03
$ (0.02) $ (0.08) $ 0.10
$ (0.02) $ (0.08) $ 0.09
51
Share-based compensation expense included in costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Three Months Ended
Dec 31,
2013
Sep 30,
2013
Jun 30,
2013
Mar 31,
2013
Dec 31,
2012
Sep 30,
2012
Jun 30,
2012
Mar 31,
2012
(in millions)
$
11
$
12
$
11
$
8
$
9
$
8
$
66
$
172
42
48
164
34
29
151
33
29
117
24
21
124
27
24
114
28
29
545
232
263
5
60
19
19
Total share-based compensation expense(2)
$
273
$
239
$
224
$
170
$
184
$ 179
$ 1,106
$
103
_____________________
(1) Commencing in the fourth quarter of 2012, we recorded all Payments revenue at the time of purchase of the related virtual or digital goods, net of estimated
refunds or chargebacks, instead of deferring Payment revenue until the expiration of the 30-day claim period, as we are able to estimate future refunds and
chargebacks based on historical trends. This charge resulted in a one-time increase in Payment revenue of $66 million in the fourth quarter of 2012.
(2)
In the second quarter of 2012, we recognized $986 million of share-based compensation expense related to Pre-2011 RSUs that vested in connection with our
IPO.
Dec 31,
2013
Sep 30,
2013
Jun 30,
2013
Mar 31,
2013
Dec 31,
2012
Sep 30,
2012
Jun 30,
2012
Mar 31,
2012
(as a percentage of total revenue)
Three Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Data:
Revenue:
Advertising
Payments and other fees
Total revenue
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Total costs and expenses
Income (loss) from operations
Interest and other income (expense), net
Income (loss) before provision for
(benefit from) income taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income
taxes
Net income (loss)
Less: Net income attributable to
participating securities
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A
and Class B common stockholders
91%
9
89%
11
88%
12
85%
15
84%
16
86 %
14
84 %
16
82%
18
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100 %
100 %
100%
19
16
11
10
56
44
—
44
23
25
18
12
8
63
37
—
36
15
26
19
15
10
69
31
(1)
30
12
28
20
14
12
74
26
(1)
24
9
25
19
12
11
67
33
(1)
32
28
26
19
13
12
70
30
—
29
34
20%
21%
18%
15%
4%
(5)%
31
60
33
39
163
(63)
(2)
(65)
(51)
(13)%
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
20%
21%
18%
15%
4%
(5)%
(13)%
26
14
14
10
64
36
—
36
17
19%
6
13%
52
Share-based compensation expense included in costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Three Months Ended
Dec 31,
2013
Sep 30,
2013
Jun 30,
2013
Mar 31,
2013
Dec 31,
2012
Sep 30,
2012
Jun 30,
2012
Mar 31,
2012
(as a percentage of total revenue)
—%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
6% —%
7
2
2
8
2
1
8
2
2
8
2
1
8
2
2
9
2
2
46
20
22
6
2
2
Total share-based compensation expense
11%
12%
12%
12%
12%
14%
93%
10%
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Purchases of property and equipment
Depreciation and amortization
Share-based compensation
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
(in millions)
2011
$
$
4,222
(2,624)
(667)
(1,362)
1,011
906
$
1,612
(7,024)
6,283
(1,235)
649
1,572
1,549
(3,023)
1,198
(606)
323
217
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and cash generated from operations.
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities consist primarily of cash on deposit with banks and investments in money market
funds and U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities. Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities were $11.45
billion as of December 31, 2013, an increase of $1.82 billion from December 31, 2012, primarily due to $4.22 billion of cash generated
from operations, $1.48 billion of net proceeds from our follow-on equity offering which was completed in December 2013, and $609
million in excess tax benefit from share-based award activity, offset by the repayment of our $1.5 billion term loan, $1.36 billion for
purchases of property and equipment and $889 million for tax payments related to net share settlement of equity awards.
In January 2014, we began requiring that employees sell a portion of the shares that they receive upon the vesting of RSUs in
order to cover any required withholding taxes ("sell-to-cover"), rather than our previous approach of net share settlement. We expect
this sell-to-cover approach will reduce our cash outflows.
We currently anticipate that our available funds, credit facilities, and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our
operational cash needs for the foreseeable future.
In August 2013, in connection with the termination of our existing credit facilities, we entered into a five-year senior unsecured
revolving credit facility (2013 Revolving Credit Facility) that allows us to borrow up to $6.5 billion to fund working capital and
general corporate purposes with interest payable on the borrowed amounts set at LIBOR plus 1.0%, as well as an annual commitment
fee of 0.10% on the daily undrawn balance of the facility. We paid origination fees at closing of the 2013 Revolving Credit Facility,
which fees are being amortized over the term of the facility. Any amounts outstanding under this facility will be due and payable on
August 15, 2018. As of December 31, 2013, no amounts had been drawn down and we were in compliance with the covenants under
this credit facility. See Note 9 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 for additional detail.
As of December 31, 2013, $634 million of the $11.45 billion in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities was held
by our foreign subsidiaries. We have provided for the additional taxes that would be due if we repatriated these funds for use in our
operations in the United States.
53
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Cash flow from operating activities during 2013 primarily consisted of net income, adjusted for certain non-cash items, including
depreciation and amortization of $1.01 billion and share-based compensation expense of $906 million, and an increase in other
liabilities related to uncertain tax positions. The cash flow from operating activities during 2013 compared to 2012 increased mainly
due to an increase in net income of $1.45 billion and uncertain tax position of $786 million. In addition, we received income tax
refunds of $421 million in 2013.
Cash flow from operating activities during 2012 primarily consisted of adjustments to net income for certain non-cash items
such as share-based compensation expense of $1.57 billion and depreciation and amortization of $649 million, partially offset by
income tax refundable of $451 million. The cash flow from operating activities during 2012 compared to 2011 increased modestly
as the increases in adjustments for non-cash items as described above were offset by a reduction in net income of $947 million and
an increase in income tax refundable.
Cash flow from operating activities during 2011 primarily consisted of net income, adjusted for certain non-cash items, including
depreciation and amortization of $323 million and share-based compensation expense of $217 million.
Cash Used in Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities during 2013 primarily resulted from $1.36 billion for capital expenditures related to the purchase
of servers, network infrastructure, and the construction of data centers, as well as $882 million for the net purchase of marketable
securities and $368 million for the acquisition of businesses and other assets, such as patents. The decrease in cash used in investing
activities during 2013 compared to 2012 was mainly due to decreases in the purchase of marketable securities and the acquisition of
businesses and other assets.
Cash used in investing activities during 2012 primarily resulted from $4.87 billion for the net purchase of marketable securities,
$1.24 billion for capital expenditures related to the purchase of servers, network infrastructure, and the construction of data centers,
as well as $911 million for the acquisition of businesses and other assets, such as patents. The increase in cash used in investing
activities during 2012 compared to 2011 was mainly due to increases in the purchase of marketable securities, the acquisition of
businesses and other assets, and capital expenditures.
Cash used in investing activities during 2011 primarily resulted from the use of approximately $2.4 billion for the net purchase
of marketable securities. Our cash used in investing activities in 2011 also consisted of capital expenditures of $606 million related
to the purchase of servers, network infrastructure, and the construction of data centers.
We anticipate making capital expenditures in 2014 of approximately $2.0 billion to $2.5 billion.
Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities during 2013 was $667 million, which primarily resulted from $1.5 billion for repayment of
debt and $889 million of tax payments related to the net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by $1.48 billion in net
proceeds from the completion of our follow-on equity offering in December 2013.
Cash provided by financing activities during 2012 was $6.28 billion, which primarily resulted from $6.8 billion in net proceeds
from the completion of our IPO, $1.5 billion draw down from our unsecured term loan facility and $1.03 billion of excess tax benefits
from stock award activities, partially offset by $2.86 billion of taxes paid related to the net share settlement of equity awards.
Cash provided by financing activities during 2011 was $1.2 billion, primarily resulted from $998 million in net proceeds related
to the completion of an offering of our Class A common stock to certain non-U.S. investors.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2013.
54
Contractual Obligations
Our principal commitments consist of obligations under capital and operating leases for equipment and office and data center
facilities. The following table summarizes our commitments to settle contractual obligations in cash as of December 31, 2013.
Operating lease obligations
Capital lease obligations
Other contractual commitments(1)
Total contractual obligations
Payment Due by Period
Total
Less than
1 Year
1-3
Years
3-5
Years
More than
5 Years
$
$
$
978
561
258
1,797
$
142
255
116
513
$
$
281
148
40
$
243
$
31
16
469
$
290
$
312
127
86
525
_____________________
(1) Other contractual commitments primarily relate to network infrastructure for our data center operations and, to a lesser extent, construction commitments related to
our data center sites.
In addition, our other liabilities include $886 million related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2013. Due to uncertainties
in the timing of the completion of tax audits, the timing of the resolution of these positions is uncertain and we are unable to make a
reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years beyond 12 months. As a result, this amount is not included in
the above contractual obligations table.
Contingencies
We are involved in claims, lawsuits, government investigations, and proceedings. We record a provision for a liability when we
believe that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is
required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. Such legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and subject to
significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Should any of these estimates and assumptions change or prove to be
incorrect, it could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.
See Note 10 in the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements
and Supplementary Data" and Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding
contingencies.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncement
Comprehensive Income
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified
Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2013-02) which is effective prospectively for public companies for reporting
periods beginning after December 15, 2012. This new accounting standard improves the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated
other comprehensive income (AOCI) by requiring an entity to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of AOCI on the respective
line items in net income if the amount being reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. For other
amounts that are not required under GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, an entity is
required to cross-reference other disclosures required under GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. We adopted this
new guidance on January 1, 2013 and the adoption did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
55
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks, including changes to foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We have foreign currency risks related to our revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar,
primarily the Euro. In general, we are a net receiver of currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and
in particular a strengthening of the U.S. dollar, will negatively affect our revenue and other operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars.
We have experienced and will continue to experience fluctuations in our net income as a result of transaction gains or losses related
to revaluing certain current asset and current liability balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of
the entities in which they are recorded. At this time we have not entered into, but in the future we may enter into, derivatives or other
financial instruments in an attempt to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk. It is difficult to predict the effect hedging activities would
have on our results of operations. We recognized foreign currency losses of $14 million, $9 million, and $29 million in 2013, 2012, and
2011, respectively.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our exposure to changes in interest rates relates primarily to interest earned and market value on our cash and cash equivalents
and marketable securities.
Our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities consist of cash, certificates of deposit, time deposits, money market funds,
and U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities. Our investment policy and strategy are focused on preservation of capital
and supporting our liquidity requirements. Changes in U.S. interest rates affect the interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents and
marketable securities and the market value of those securities. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in a
decrease of approximately $73 million and $55 million in the market value of our available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31,
2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Any realized gains or losses resulting from such interest rate changes would only occur if we
sold the investments prior to maturity.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
56
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FACEBOOK, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Reports of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
58
60
61
62
63
64
66
The supplementary financial information required by this Item 8, is included in Part II, Item 7 under the caption "Quarterly Results of
Operations Data," which is incorporated herein by reference.
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Facebook, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Facebook, Inc. as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the
related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2013. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is
to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position
of Facebook, Inc. at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),
Facebook, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control –
Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) and our
report dated January 31, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
San Francisco, California
January 31, 2014
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
58
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Facebook, Inc.
We have audited Facebook, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria
established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission (1992 framework) (“the COSO criteria”). Facebook, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal
control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the
accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control
over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over
financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of
internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that
(1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the
assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being
made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a
material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of
changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Facebook, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2013, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the
2013 consolidated financial statements of Facebook, Inc. and our report dated January 31, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion
thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
San Francisco, California
January 31, 2014
59
FACEBOOK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except for number of shares and par value)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Marketable securities
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $38 and $22 as of December 31,
2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively
Income tax refundable
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Goodwill and intangible assets, net
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
Developer partners payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Deferred revenue and deposits
Current portion of capital lease obligations
Total current liabilities
Capital lease obligations, less current portion
Long-term debt
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
$
$
Common stock, $0.000006 par value; 5,000 million Class A shares authorized, 1,970 million and
1,671 million shares issued and outstanding, including 6 million and 2 million outstanding
shares subject to repurchase as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively;
4,141 million Class B shares authorized, 577 million and 701 million shares issued and
outstanding, including 6 million and 11 million outstanding shares subject to repurchase as of
December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Retained earnings
Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
—
12,297
14
3,159
15,470
$
17,895
$
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
60
December 31,
2013
2012
$
3,323
$
8,126
1,109
51
461
13,070
2,882
1,722
221
2,384
7,242
719
451
471
11,267
2,391
1,388
57
17,895
$
15,103
87
$
181
555
38
239
1,100
237
—
1,088
2,425
65
169
423
30
365
1,052
491
1,500
305
3,348
—
10,094
2
1,659
11,755
15,103
FACEBOOK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Revenue
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Total costs and expenses
Income from operations
Interest and other income (expense), net:
Interest expense
Other income (expense), net
Income before provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders
Earnings per share attributable to Class A and Class B common
stockholders:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average shares used to compute earnings per share attributable to
Class A and Class B common stockholders:
Basic
Diluted
Share-based compensation expense included in costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Research and development
Marketing and sales
General and administrative
Total share-based compensation expense
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
$
7,872
$
5,089
$
3,711
1,875
1,415
997
781
5,068
2,804
(56)
6
2,754
1,254
1,500
9
1,491
0.62
0.60
2,420
2,517
$
$
$
$
1,364
1,399
896
892
4,551
538
(51)
7
494
441
53
21
32
0.02
0.01
2,006
2,166
$
$
$
$
42
$
88
$
604
133
127
906
843
306
335
$
1,572
$
860
388
393
314
1,955
1,756
(42)
(19)
1,695
695
1,000
332
668
0.52
0.46
1,294
1,508
9
114
37
57
217
$
$
$
$
$
$
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
61
FACEBOOK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
Net income
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
$
1,500
$
53
$
1,000
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment
Change in unrealized gain/loss on available-for-sale investments, net of tax
Change in unrealized gain/loss on derivative, net of tax
11
(1)
2
Comprehensive income
$
1,512
$
9
1
(2)
61
—
—
—
$
1,000
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
62
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6
FACEBOOK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating
activities:
Year Ended December 31,
2012
2011
2013
$
1,500
$
53
$
1,000
Depreciation and amortization
Lease abandonment expense
Loss on disposal or write-off of equipment
Share-based compensation
Deferred income taxes
Tax benefit from share-based award activity
Excess tax benefit from share-based award activity
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Income tax refundable
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Other assets
Accounts payable
Developer partners payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Deferred revenue and deposits
Other liabilities
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment
Purchases of marketable securities
Sales of marketable securities
Maturities of marketable securities
Investments in non-marketable equity securities
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired, and purchases of intangible
assets
Change in restricted cash and deposits
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Proceeds from long-term debt, net of issuance cost
Repayment of long-term debt
Proceeds from sale and lease-back transactions
Principal payments on capital lease obligations
Excess tax benefit from share-based award activity
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
1,011
117
56
906
(37)
602
(609)
(378)
400
(45)
(142)
26
12
(38)
8
833
4,222
(1,362)
(7,433)
2,988
3,563
(1)
(368)
(11)
(2,624)
1,478
(889)
26
—
(1,500)
—
(391)
609
(667)
8
939
2,384
3,323
$
649
8
15
1,572
(186)
1,033
(1,033)
(170)
(451)
(14)
2
1
(2)
152
(60)
43
1,612
(1,235)
(10,307)
2,100
3,333
(2)
(911)
(2)
(7,024)
6,760
(2,862)
17
1,496
—
205
(366)
1,033
6,283
1
872
1,512
2,384
$
323
—
4
217
(30)
433
(433)
(174)
—
(24)
(5)
6
96
37
49
50
1,549
(606)
(3,025)
113
516
(3)
(24)
6
(3,023)
998
—
28
—
(250)
170
(181)
433
1,198
3
(273)
1,785
1,512
$
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
64
FACEBOOK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
Supplemental cash flow data
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest
Income taxes
Cash received during the period for:
Refund of income taxes
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Net change in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current
liabilities related to property and equipment additions
Property and equipment acquired under capital leases
Fair value of shares issued related to acquisitions of businesses and
other assets
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
$
$
$
$
$
$
38
82
421
53
11
77
$
$
$
$
$
$
38
184
131
$
$
$
(40) $
$
340
274
$
28
197
—
135
473
58
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
65
FACEBOOK, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization and Description of Business
Facebook was incorporated in Delaware in July 2004. Our mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more
open and connected. We build products that support our mission by providing value to Facebook users, marketers, and developers. We
generate substantially all of our revenue from advertising and from fees associated with our Payments infrastructure that enables users
to purchase virtual and digital goods from developers with applications on the Facebook website.
Basis of Presentation
We prepared the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The
consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Facebook, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances
and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
Conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial
statements and accompanying notes. These estimates form the basis for judgments we make about the carrying values of our assets and
liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. We base our estimates and judgments on historical information and on
various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments
in several areas, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, collectability of accounts receivable, contingent
liabilities, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, and income
taxes. These estimates are based on management's knowledge about current events and expectations about actions we may undertake in
the future. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Reclassifications
We have reclassified certain prior period amounts within our consolidated statements of cash flows to conform to our current year
presentation.
Revenue Recognition
We generate substantially all of our revenue from advertising and payment processing fees. We recognize revenue once all of the
following criteria have been met:
•
•
•
•
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
delivery of our obligations to our customer has occurred;
the price is fixed or determinable; and
collectability of the related receivable is reasonably assured.
Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 consists of the following (in millions):
Advertising
Payments and other fees
Total revenue
Advertising
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
$
$
6,986
886
7,872
$
$
4,279
810
5,089
$
$
3,154
557
3,711
Advertising revenue is generated by displaying ad products on the Facebook website or mobile application and third-party affiliated
websites or mobile applications. The arrangements are evidenced by either online acceptance of terms and conditions or contracts that
stipulate the types of advertising to be delivered, the timing and the pricing. Marketers pay for ad products either directly or through their
relationships with advertising agencies, based on the number of clicks made by our users, the number of actions taken by our users or
66
the number of impressions delivered. The typical term of an advertising arrangement is approximately 30 days with billing generally
occurring after the delivery of the advertisement.
We recognize revenue from the delivery of click-based ads in the period in which a user clicks on the content, and action-based
ads in the period in which a user takes the action the marketer contracted for. We recognize revenue from the display of impression-
based ads in the contracted period in which the impressions are delivered. Impressions are considered delivered when an ad is
displayed to users.
Payments and Other Fees
We enable Payments from our users to purchase virtual and digital goods from our developers with applications on the Facebook
website. Our users can transact and make payments on the Facebook website by using debit cards and credit cards, PayPal, mobile phone
payments, gift cards or other methods.
When a user engages in a payment transaction for the purchase of a virtual or digital good from a developer, we remit to the
developer an amount that is based on the total amount of the transaction less the processing fee that we charge the developer. The price
of the purchase is an amount that is solely determined by the developer. Our revenue is the net amount of the transaction, representing
our processing fee for the service performed. We record revenue on a net basis as we do not consider ourselves to be the principal in the
sale of the virtual or digital good to the user.
Our Payments terms and conditions provide for a 30-day claim period subsequent to a Payments transaction during which the
customer may dispute the virtual or digital goods transaction. Due to lack of historical transactional information, through the third quarter
of 2012, we deferred recognition of Payments revenue until the expiration of the claim period as we were unable to make reasonable and
reliable estimates of future refunds or chargebacks arising during this period. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2012, we had 24 months
of historical transactional information which enabled us to estimate future refunds and chargebacks. Accordingly, commencing in the
fourth quarter of 2012, we record all Payments revenues at the time of the purchase of the related virtual or digital goods, net of estimated
refunds or chargebacks. This change resulted in a one-time increase in Payments revenue in the fourth quarter of 2012 of approximately
$66 million as we recognized revenue from four months of transactions.
Other fees, which includes user Promoted Posts and our ad serving and measurement products, were not material in all periods
presented in our financial statements.
Revenue is recognized net of applicable sales and other taxes.
Cost of Revenue
Our cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses associated with the delivery and distribution of our products. These include
expenses related to the operation of our data centers such as facility and server equipment depreciation, facility and server equipment
rent expense, energy and bandwidth costs, support and maintenance costs, and salaries, benefits and share-based compensation for certain
personnel on our operations teams. Cost of revenue also includes credit card and other transaction fees related to processing customer
transactions.
Share-based Compensation
We account for share-based employee compensation plans under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions of GAAP.
Those provisions require all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options and RSUs, to be measured based on
the grant-date fair value of the awards, with the resulting expense generally recognized in our consolidated statements of income over
the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award.
Prior to January 1, 2011, we granted RSUs (Pre-2011 RSUs) under our 2005 Stock Plan to our employees and members of our
board of directors that vested upon the satisfaction of both a service condition and a liquidity condition. The service condition for the
majority of these awards is satisfied over four years. The liquidity condition was satisfied six months after our initial public offering
(IPO) in May 2012. The vesting condition that was satisfied six months following our IPO did not affect the expense attribution period
for the RSUs for which the service condition had been met as of the date of our IPO. This six-month period was not a substantive service
condition and, accordingly, beginning on the effectiveness of our IPO in May 2012, we began recognizing share-based compensation
expense for the portion of the RSUs that had met the service condition, following the accelerated attribution method (net of estimated
forfeitures).
RSUs granted on or after January 1, 2011 (Post-2011 RSUs) under our 2005 Stock Plan or 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (2012 Plan)
are not subject to a liquidity condition in order to vest, and compensation expense related to these grants is based on the grant date fair
value of the RSUs and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period. The majority of Post-2011 RSUs are
earned over a service period of four to five years.
67
Share-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures in our consolidated statements of income and as such,
only those share-based awards that we expect to vest are recorded. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on historical forfeitures of equity
awards and adjust the rate to reflect changes in facts and circumstances, if any. We will revise our estimated forfeiture rate if actual
forfeitures differ from our initial estimates.
We have historically issued unvested restricted shares to employee stockholders of certain acquired companies. As these awards
are generally subject to continued post-acquisition employment, we have accounted for them as post-acquisition share-based compensation
expense. We recognize compensation expense equal to the grant date fair value of the common stock on a straight-line basis over the
employee's required service period.
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, we realized tax benefits from share-based award activity of $602
million, $1.03 billion, and $433 million, respectively. These amounts reflect the extent that the total reduction to our income tax liability
from share-based award activity was greater than the amount of the deferred tax assets that we had previously recorded in anticipation
of these benefits. These amounts are the aggregate of the individual transactions in which the reduction to our income tax liability was
greater than the deferred tax assets that we recorded, reduced by any individual transactions in which the reduction to our income tax
liability was less than the deferred tax assets that were recorded. These net amounts were recorded as an adjustment to stockholders'
equity in each period, as an increase to cash flows from operating activities, and were not recognized in our consolidated statements of
income.
In addition, we reported excess tax benefits that decreased our cash flows from operating activities and increased our cash flows
from financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, by $609 million, $1.03 billion, and $433 million,
respectively. The amounts of these excess tax benefits reflect the total of the individual transactions in which the reduction to our income
tax liability was greater than the deferred tax assets that were recorded, but were not reduced by any of the individual transactions in
which the reduction to our income tax liability was less than the deferred tax assets that were recorded.
Income Taxes
We recognize income taxes under the asset and liability method. We recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the
expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. These
differences are measured using the enacted statutory tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which differences
are expected to reverse. We recognize the effect on deferred income taxes of a change in tax rates in income in the period that includes
the enactment date.
We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be
realized. We consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks
associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance.
We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will
be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. We make adjustments to these reserves
when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. The provision for income taxes
includes the effects of any reserves that are considered appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties.
Advertising Expense
Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and are included in marketing and sales expenses in the accompanying consolidated
statements of income. We incurred advertising expenses of $117 million, $67 million, and $28 million for the years ended December 31,
2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities
Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on deposit with banks and investments in money market funds, and U.S.
government and U.S. government agency securities with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase.
We hold investments in marketable securities, consisting of U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities. We classify
our marketable securities as available-for-sale investments in our current assets because they represent investments of cash available for
current operations. Our available-for-sale investments are carried at estimated fair value with any unrealized gains and losses, net of
taxes, included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in stockholders' equity. Unrealized losses are charged against other
income (expense), net when a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary. We have not recorded any such impairment
charge in the periods presented. We determine realized gains or losses on sale of marketable securities on a specific identification method,
and record such gains or losses as other income (expense), net.
We classify certain restricted cash balances within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets on the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets based upon the term of the remaining restrictions.
68
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or
disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. We define fair value as the price that would be received from selling
an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining
the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most
advantageous market in which we would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would
use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated
by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization
within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:
Level 1-Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2-Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical
or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data
for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3-Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management's estimate of assumptions that market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of money market funds and marketable debt securities were derived from
quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and our valuation technique used to measure the fair value of our derivative
instrument was based on a model-driven valuation using significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recorded and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible
amounts. We make estimates for the allowance for doubtful accounts based upon our assessment of various factors, including
historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of our customers, current economic conditions, and
other factors that may affect customers' ability to pay.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, which includes amounts recorded under capital leases, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term, in the
case of a capital lease, whichever is shorter.
The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are described below:
Property and Equipment
Network equipment
Buildings
Computer software, office equipment and other Three to five years
Leased equipment and leasehold improvements Lesser of estimated useful life or remaining lease term
Useful Life
Three to five years
15 to 20 years
Land and assets held within construction in progress are not depreciated. Construction in progress is related to the construction or
development of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for their intended use.
The cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related
accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts, and any gain or loss on such sale or disposal is reflected in income
from operations.
Lease Obligations
We lease office space, data centers, and equipment under non-cancelable capital and operating leases with various expiration dates
through 2029. Certain of the operating lease agreements contain rent holidays, rent escalation provisions, and purchase options. Rent
holidays and rent escalation provisions are considered in determining the straight-line rent expense to be recorded over the lease term.
The lease term begins on the date of initial possession of the leased property for purposes of recognizing lease expense on a straight-line
basis over the term of the lease. We do not assume renewals in our determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed to be
reasonably assured at lease inception.
69
Loss Contingencies
We are involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. We record
a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant
judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust
these provisions accordingly to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and updated information.
Business Combinations
We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired
based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets
and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially
with respect to intangible assets. During the measurement period, which is one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments
to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period,
any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.
Long-Lived Assets, Including Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets
We evaluate the recoverability of property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets for possible impairment whenever
events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured
by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such review indicates
that the carrying amount of property and equipment and intangible assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced
to fair value. We have not recorded any significant impairment charge during the years presented.
We review goodwill for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. We have elected to first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is more
likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting operating unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether
it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment under Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-08, Goodwill and
Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). If we determine that
it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test is performed. The
first step, identifying a potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount
exceeds its fair value, the second step would need to be performed; otherwise, no further step is required. The second step, measuring
the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the goodwill with the carrying amount of the goodwill. Any excess of the goodwill
carrying amount over the applied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss, and the carrying value of goodwill is written down to
fair value. As of December 31, 2013, no impairment of goodwill has been identified.
Acquired amortizable intangible assets, which are included in goodwill and intangible assets, net, are amortized on a straight-line
basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated remaining useful lives for intangible assets range from less than one
year to 16 years.
In addition to the recoverability assessment, we routinely review the remaining estimated useful lives of property and equipment
and amortizable intangible assets. If we reduce the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance
would be amortized or depreciated over the revised estimated useful life.
Deferred Revenue and Deposits
Deferred revenue consists of billings in advance of revenue recognition. Deposits relate to unused virtual currency held by our
users. Once this virtual currency is utilized by a user, approximately 70% of this amount would then be payable to the developer and the
balance would be recognized as revenue.
Deferred revenue and deposits consists of the following (in millions):
Deferred revenue
Deposits
Total deferred revenue and deposits
December 31,
2013
2012
$
$
13
25
38
$
$
8
22
30
70
Foreign Currency
Generally the functional currency of our international subsidiaries is the local currency. We translate the financial statements of
these subsidiaries to U.S. dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenue,
costs, and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders'
equity. Net losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions were $14 million, $9 million, and $29 million for the years ended
December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. These losses were recorded as other income (expense), net on our consolidated
statements of income.
Credit Risk and Concentration
Financial instruments owned by the company that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash,
cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and derivative instruments. Cash equivalents consist of short-
term money market funds and U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities, which are managed by reputable financial
institutions. Marketable securities consist of investments in U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities. Our investment
policy limits investment instruments to U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities with the main objective of preserving
capital and maintaining liquidity.
Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers across different industries and
countries. We generated 46%, 51%, and 56% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively, from
marketers and developers based in the United States, with the majority of revenue outside of the United States coming from customers
located in western Europe, Canada, Australia, and Brazil.
We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, and generally do not require collateral. We maintain an allowance for
estimated credit losses. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, our bad debt expenses were $21 million, $9 million,
and $8 million, respectively. In the event that accounts receivable collection cycles deteriorate, our operating results and financial position
could be adversely affected.
No customer represented 10% or more of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and one customer
represented 12% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Segments
Our chief operating decision-maker is our Chief Executive Officer who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated
basis. There are no segment managers who are held accountable by the chief operating decision-maker, or anyone else, for operations,
operating results, and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we have determined that we
have a single reporting segment and operating unit structure.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncement
Comprehensive Income
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified
Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2013-02), which is effective prospectively for public companies for reporting
periods beginning after December 15, 2012. This new accounting standard improves the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated
other comprehensive income (AOCI) by requiring an entity to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of AOCI on the respective
line items in net income if the amount being reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. For other
amounts that are not required under GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, an entity is
required to cross-reference other disclosures required under GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. We adopted this
new guidance on January 1, 2013 and the adoption did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Note 2. Acquisitions
During the year ended December 31, 2013, we completed several business acquisitions for total consideration of $363 million,
consisting of approximately $285 million in cash and 3 million vested shares of our Class A common stock which are not conditioned
upon continuous employment. In addition, we issued approximately 6 million shares of Class A common stock in connection with such
acquisitions, which are conditioned upon continuous employment. These shares have been excluded from purchase consideration and
will be recognized over the required service period as share-based compensation expense.
Pro forma results of operations related to our acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2013 have not been presented
because they are not material to our consolidated statements of income, either individually or in the aggregate.
71
The following table summarizes the allocation of estimated fair values of the net assets acquired during the year ended December 31,
2013, including the related estimated useful lives, where applicable:
Amortizable intangible assets:
Acquired technology
Tradename and other
Net liabilities assumed
Deferred tax liabilities
Net assets acquired
Goodwill
Total fair value considerations
(in millions)
Useful lives (in
years)
$
$
$
3 - 7
2 - 10
94
41
(3)
(21)
111
252
363
Goodwill generated from all business acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2013 is primarily attributable
to expected synergies from future growth and potential monetization opportunities and $130 million of this goodwill is deductible for
tax purposes.
During the year ended December 31, 2013, we also acquired $92 million of patents and other intangible assets. Patents acquired
during the year ended December 31, 2013 have estimated useful lives ranging from six to 15 years from the dates of acquisition.
Note 3. Earnings per Share
We compute earnings per share (EPS) of Class A and Class B common stock using the two-class method required for participating
securities. Prior to the date of our IPO in May 2012, we considered all series of our convertible preferred stock to be participating securities
due to their non-cumulative dividend rights. Immediately after the completion of our IPO, all outstanding shares of convertible preferred
stock converted to Class B common stock. Additionally, we consider restricted stock awards to be participating securities because holders
of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of our declaration of a dividend for common shares.
Undistributed earnings allocated to these participating securities are subtracted from net income in determining net income
attributable to common stockholders. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-
average number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding, adjusted for outstanding shares that are subject to
repurchase.
For the calculation of diluted EPS, net income attributable to common stockholders for basic EPS is adjusted by the effect of
dilutive securities, including awards under our equity compensation plans. In addition, the computation of the diluted EPS of Class A
common stock assumes the conversion from Class B common stock, while the diluted EPS of Class B common stock does not assume
the conversion of those shares to Class A common stock. Diluted EPS attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the
resulting net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of fully diluted common shares outstanding.
Dilutive securities in our diluted EPS calculation for the year ended December 31, 2011 do not include Pre-2011 RSUs. Vesting
of these RSUs is dependent upon the satisfaction of both a service condition and a liquidity condition. The liquidity condition is satisfied
upon the occurrence of a qualifying event, defined as a change of control transaction or six months following the completion of our IPO.
Our IPO did not occur until May 2012. Therefore, prior to this date the holders of these RSUs had no rights in our undistributed earnings
and accordingly, they are excluded from the effect of basic and dilutive securities. However, subsequent to the completion of our IPO in
May 2012, these RSUs are included in our basic and diluted EPS calculation. Post-2011 RSUs are not subject to a liquidity condition in
order to vest, and are thus included in the calculation of diluted EPS.
We also excluded 1 million, 15 million, and 3 million Post-2011 RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011,
respectively, because the impact would be anti-dilutive.
Basic and diluted EPS are the same for each class of common stock because they are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend
rights.
72
The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for our common stock are calculated as follows (in
millions, except per share amounts):
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
Class
A
Class
B
Class
A
Class
B
Class
A
Class
B
Basic EPS:
Numerator
Net income
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities
$ 1,114
7
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$ 1,107
Denominator
Weighted average shares outstanding
Less: Shares subject to repurchase
Number of shares used for basic EPS computation
1,803
5
1,798
$
$
386
2
384
631
9
622
$
$
18
7
11
$
$
35
14
21
$
$
85
28
57
$
$
915
304
611
668
1
667
1,344
5
1,339
110
—
110
1,189
5
1,184
Basic EPS
Diluted EPS:
Numerator
$
0.62
$
0.62
$
0.02
$
0.02
$
0.52
$
0.52
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$ 1,107
$
384
$
11
$
21
$
57
$
611
Reallocation of net income attributable to participating
securities
Reallocation of net income as a result of conversion of Class
B to Class A common stock
Reallocation of net income to Class B common stock
Net income attributable to common stockholders for
diluted EPS
Denominator
Number of shares used for basic EPS computation
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock options
RSUs
Shares subject to repurchase
Warrants
Number of shares used for diluted EPS computation
Diluted EPS
9
384
—
—
—
39
—
21
—
—
—
1
31
611
—
—
—
37
$ 1,500
$
423
$
32
$
22
$
699
$
648
1,798
622
622
—
667
1,339
1,339
—
110
1,184
1,184
—
65
25
7
—
65
15
7
—
134
23
3
—
134
23
3
—
204
204
5
3
2
5
3
2
2,517
0.60
$
$
709
0.60
2,166
0.01
$
1,499
0.01
$
1,508
0.46
$
1,398
0.46
$
73
Note 4. Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities
The following table sets forth the cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities for the periods presented (in millions):
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash
Money market funds
Total cash and cash equivalents
Marketable securities:
U.S. government securities
U.S. government agency securities
Total marketable securities
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
December 31,
2013
2012
$
$
1,044
$
2,279
3,323
5,687
2,439
8,126
11,449
$
1,513
871
2,384
5,165
2,077
7,242
9,626
The gross unrealized gains or losses on our marketable securities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were not significant. In
addition, there were no securities in a continuous loss position for 12 months or longer as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.
The following table classifies our marketable securities by contractual maturities (in millions):
Due in one year
Due in one to two years
Total
Note 5. Fair Value Measurement
December 31,
2013
2012
$
$
4,704
3,422
8,126
$
$
4,815
2,427
7,242
The following table summarizes, for assets or liabilities measured at fair value, the respective fair value and the classification by
level of input within the fair value hierarchy (in millions):
Description
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds
Marketable securities:
U.S. government securities
U.S. government agency securities
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities
Fair Value Measurement at
Reporting Date Using
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
December 31,
2013
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
2,279
$
2,279
$
— $
5,687
2,439
5,687
2,439
—
—
10,405
$
10,405
$
— $
—
—
—
—
$
$
74
Description
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds
Marketable securities:
U.S. government securities
U.S. government agency securities
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities
Other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration liability
Other liabilities:
Derivative financial instrument
Fair Value Measurement at
Reporting Date Using
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
December 31,
2012
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3
$
$
$
$
871
$
871
$
— $
5,165
2,077
5,165
2,077
—
—
8,113
$
8,113
$
— $
4
$
— $
— $
4
$
— $
4
$
—
—
—
—
4
—
Our Level 2 derivative financial instrument as of December 31, 2012 represented our interest rate swap agreement which was
valued based on a valuation model using significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. In August 2013, we
terminated our Level 2 derivative financial instrument related to our interest rate swap agreement. See Note 9 in these notes to the
consolidated financial statements for additional information with respect to the termination of our interest swap agreement.
We estimated the fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration liability as of December 31, 2012 based on the probability
assessment of an earn-out criteria. In developing these estimates, we considered factors not observed in the market and thus this represented
a Level 3 measurement. Level 3 instruments are valued based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity
and reflect our own assumptions in measuring fair value. In August 2013, we settled our Level 3 contingent consideration liability.
Note 6. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consists of the following (in millions):
Network equipment
Land
Buildings
Leasehold improvements
Computer software, office equipment and other
Construction in progress
Total
Less: Accumulated depreciation
Property and equipment, net
December 31,
2013
2012
$
2,351
$
1,912
45
1,071
203
95
377
4,142
(1,260)
2,882
$
$
36
594
194
93
444
3,273
(882)
2,391
Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $857 million, $566 million, and $303 million during 2013, 2012, and 2011,
respectively.
Property and equipment at December 31, 2013 and 2012 includes $976 million and $1.28 billion, respectively, acquired under
capital lease agreements of which the majority is included in network equipment. Accumulated depreciation of property and equipment
acquired under these capital leases was $527 million and $437 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Construction in progress includes costs primarily related to the construction of data centers in Iowa and Sweden and network
equipment infrastructure to support our data centers around the world. Construction in progress also includes the ongoing construction
to expand our corporate headquarters in Menlo Park, California. Interest capitalized during the periods presented was not material.
75
Note 7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (in millions):
Balance as of December 31, 2011
Goodwill acquired
Balance as of December 31, 2012
Goodwill acquired
Balance as of December 31, 2013
Intangible assets consist of the following (in millions):
$
$
82
505
587
252
839
Useful lives
from date of
acquisitions
(in years)
2 - 18
2 - 10
2 - 10
Amortizable intangible assets:
Acquired patents
Acquired technology
Tradename and other
Total
December 31, 2013
December 31, 2012
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
$
773
$
(142) $
631
$
684
$
(53) $
227
138
(65)
(48)
162
90
133
94
(32)
(25)
$
1,138
$
(255) $
883
$
911
$
(110) $
631
101
69
801
Amortization expense of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $145 million, $78 million,
and $20 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2013, expected amortization expense for the unamortized acquired intangible assets for the next five years
and thereafter is as follows (in millions):
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Thereafter
Total
Note 8. Liabilities
$
$
160
150
138
116
82
237
883
The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities are as follows (in millions):
Accrued property and equipment
Accrued compensation and benefits
Other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
December 31,
2013
2012
$
$
87
$
196
272
555
$
46
146
231
423
76
The components of other liabilities are as follows (in millions):
Income tax payable
Other liabilities
Other liabilities
Note 9. Long-term Debt
December 31,
2013
2012
$
$
886
202
1,088
$
$
100
205
305
In October 2012, we amended and restated our bridge credit facility, and converted it into a three-year unsecured term loan
facility. The unsecured term loan allowed us to borrow up to $1.5 billion with interest payable on borrowed amount set at LIBOR plus
1.0%, as well as an annual commitment fee of 0.10% on the daily undrawn balance of the facility. We fully drew down on this facility
in October 2012 and fully repaid the $1.5 billion outstanding principal balance in August 2013.
In connection with our termination of the unsecured term loan facility, we also terminated our $1.5 billion interest rate swap
agreement which converted the one-month LIBOR rate on the corresponding notional amount of debt to a fixed interest rate to hedge
our exposure to interest rate fluctuation. We have reclassified all amounts related to the interest rate swap in AOCI to interest expense.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, the amount in AOCI reclassified to interest expense was not material. The realized gain as a result
of the termination of our interest rate swap was also not material.
Concurrently, we also terminated our unsecured five-year revolving credit facility that allowed us to borrow up to $5 billion. We
had not drawn down on this facility.
In August 2013, in connection with the termination of these facilities, we entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit
facility (2013 Revolving Credit Facility) that allows us to borrow up to $6.5 billion to fund working capital and general corporate purposes
with interest payable on the borrowed amounts set at LIBOR plus 1.0%, as well as an annual commitment fee of 0.10% on the daily
undrawn balance of the facility. We paid origination fees at closing of the 2013 Revolving Credit Facility, which fees are being amortized
over the term of the facility. Any amounts outstanding under this facility will be due and payable on August 15, 2018. As of December 31,
2013, no amounts had been drawn down, and we were in compliance with the covenants under this facility.
Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
Leases
We entered into various capital lease arrangements to obtain property and equipment for our operations. Additionally, on occasion
we have purchased property and equipment for which we have subsequently obtained capital financing under sale-leaseback transactions.
These agreements are typically for three years, except for building leases which are for 15 years, with interest rates ranging from 1% to
13%. The leases are secured by the underlying leased buildings, leasehold improvements, and equipment. We have also entered into
various non-cancelable operating lease agreements for certain of our offices, equipment, land and data centers with original lease periods
expiring between 2014 and 2029. We are committed to pay a portion of the related actual operating expenses under certain of these lease
agreements. Certain of these arrangements have free rent periods or escalating rent payment provisions, and we recognize rent expense
under such arrangements on a straight-line basis.
77
The following is a schedule, by years, of the future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable capital and operating
leases as of December 31, 2013 (in millions):
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Thereafter
Total minimum lease payments
Less: amount representing interest and taxes
Less: current portion of the present value of minimum lease payments
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion
Capital
Leases
Operating
Leases
142
142
139
131
112
312
978
$
$
$
$
$
255
127
21
15
16
127
561
(85)
(239)
237
Operating lease expenses totaled $130 million, $196 million, and $219 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and
2011, respectively.
Other contractual commitments
We also have $258 million of non-cancelable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2013, primarily related to network
infrastructure for our data center operations and, to a lesser extent, construction of our data center sites. The majority of these commitments
are due within five years.
Contingencies
Legal Matters
Beginning on May 22, 2012, multiple putative class actions, derivative actions, and individual actions were filed in state and federal
courts in the United States and in other jurisdictions against us, our directors, and/or certain of our officers alleging violation of securities
laws or breach of fiduciary duties in connection with our IPO and seeking unspecified damages. We believe these lawsuits are without
merit, and we intend to continue to vigorously defend them. On October 4, 2012, on our motion, the vast majority of the cases in the
United States, along with multiple cases filed against The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (collectively
referred to herein as NASDAQ) alleging technical and other trading-related errors by NASDAQ in connection with our IPO, were ordered
centralized for coordinated or consolidated pre-trial proceedings in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
On February 13, 2013, the court granted our motion to dismiss four derivative actions against our directors and certain of our officers
with leave to amend. On October 8, 2013, the court heard argument on our motion to dismiss the consolidated securities class action, as
well as our motion to dismiss, and the plaintiffs' motion to remand to state court, certain other derivative actions. On December 18, 2013,
the court denied our motion to dismiss the consolidated securities class action. On December 23, 2013, the court granted our motion to
dismiss, and denied the plaintiffs’ motion to remand to state court, certain other derivative actions. In addition, the events surrounding
our IPO have become the subject of various government inquiries, and we are cooperating with those inquiries.
We are also party to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Among these pending legal
matters, one case, Rembrandt Social Media, LP v. Facebook, Inc., et al., was scheduled to begin trial in December 2013 in the U.S.
District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. In this case, the plaintiff alleges that we infringe certain patents held by the plaintiff.
The plaintiff is seeking significant monetary damages and equitable relief. This trial date was vacated in December 2013 and the case is
currently on appeal. We believe the claims made by the plaintiff in the Rembrandt case are without merit, and we intend to continue to
defend ourselves vigorously.
With respect to our outstanding legal matters, we believe that the amount or estimable range of reasonably possible loss will not,
either individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations,
or cash flows. However, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. Therefore, if one or more of these legal matters were resolved
against us for amounts in excess of management's expectations, our results of operations and financial condition, including in a particular
reporting period, could be materially adversely affected.
78
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, to facilitate transactions of services and products, we have agreed to indemnify certain parties
with respect to certain matters. We have agreed to hold certain parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations
or covenants, or out of intellectual property infringement or other claims made by third parties. These agreements may limit the time
within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. In addition, we have entered into indemnification
agreements with our officers, directors, and certain employees, and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain similar
indemnification obligations.
It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history
of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments
made by us under these agreements have not had a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash
flows. In our opinion, as of December 31, 2013, there was not at least a reasonable possibility we had incurred a material loss with respect
to indemnification of such parties. We have not recorded any liability for costs related to indemnification through December 31, 2013.
Note 11. Stockholders' Equity
Initial Public Offering
In May 2012, we completed our IPO in which we issued and sold 180,000,000 shares of Class A common stock at a public
offering price of $38.00 per share and the selling stockholders sold 241,233,615 shares of Class A common stock. We did not receive
any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. The total net proceeds received from the IPO were $6.76 billion after
deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $75 million and other offering expenses of approximately $7 million.
Follow-on Offering
In December 2013, we completed a follow-on offering in which we issued and sold 27,004,761 shares of Class A common
stock at a public offering price of $55.05 per share and the selling stockholders sold 42,995,239 shares of Class A common stock. We
did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. The total net proceeds received from the follow-on
offering were $1.48 billion after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7 million and other offering expenses of
approximately $1 million.
Common Stock
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As of
December 31, 2013, we are authorized to issue 5,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 4,141,000,000 shares of Class B
common stock, each with a par value of $0.000006 per share. Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock are
entitled to dividends when, as and if, declared by our board of directors, subject to the rights of the holders of all classes of stock
outstanding having priority rights to dividends. As of December 31, 2013, we did not declare any dividends and our credit facility
contains restrictions on our ability to pay dividends. The holder of each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote, while
the holder of each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible into
an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon
transfer. Class A common stock and Class B common stock are referred to as common stock throughout the notes to these financial
statements, unless otherwise noted.
As of December 31, 2013, there were 1,969,996,533 shares and 576,587,559 shares of Class A common stock and Class B
common stock, respectively, issued and outstanding.
Share-based Compensation Plans
We maintain three share-based employee compensation plans: the 2012 Plan, the 2005 Stock Plan and the 2005 Officers' Stock
Plan (collectively, Stock Plans). Our 2012 Plan serves as the successor to our 2005 Stock Plan and provides for the issuance of incentive
and nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, RSUs, performance shares and stock bonuses to
qualified employees, directors and consultants. Outstanding awards under the 2005 Stock Plan continue to be subject to the terms and
conditions of the 2005 Stock Plan.
We have initially reserved 25,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock for issuance under our 2012 Plan. The number of
shares reserved for issuance under our 2012 Plan will increase automatically on the first day of January of each of 2013 through 2022
by a number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the lesser of (i) 2.5% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock
as of the immediately preceding December 31st or (ii) a number of shares determined by the board of directors. Our board of directors
elected not to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance in 2013. In addition, shares available for grant under the 2005 Stock
Plan, which were reserved but not issued or subject to outstanding awards under the 2005 Stock Plan as of the effective date of our
IPO, were added to the reserves of the 2012 Plan and shares that are withheld in connection with the net settlement of RSUs are also
79
added to the reserves of the 2012 Plan. The maximum term for stock options granted under the 2012 Plan may not exceed ten years
from the date of grant. Our 2012 Plan will terminate ten years from the date of approval unless it is terminated earlier by our
compensation committee.
The 2005 Officers' Stock Plan provides for up to 120,000,000 shares of incentive and nonstatutory stock options to certain of
our employees or officers. The 2005 Officers' Stock Plan will terminate ten years after its adoption unless terminated earlier by our
compensation committee. Stock options become vested and exercisable at such times and under such conditions as determined by
our compensation committee on the date of grant. In November 2005, we issued a nonstatutory stock option to our CEO to purchase
120,000,000 shares of our Class B common stock under the 2005 Officers' Stock Plan. As of December 31, 2013, this option was
fully exercised and no options were available for future issuance under the 2005 Officers' Stock Plan. We will not grant any additional
awards under the 2005 Officers' Stock Plan in the future.
The following table summarizes the stock option and RSU award activities under the Stock Plans for the year ended
December 31, 2013:
Balance as of December 31, 2012
Stock options exercised
Stock options forfeited/cancelled
Balance as of December 31, 2013
Stock options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2013
Stock options exercisable as of December 31, 2013
Shares Subject to Options Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic
(1)
Value
Number of
Shares
(in thousands)
(in years)
(in millions)
122,821
(100,504)
(215)
22,102
22,080
17,007
$
$
$
$
0.85
0.26
1.85
3.56
3.55
1.64
3.79
$
3,166
4.66
4.66
4.12
$
$
$
1,129
1,128
902
(1) The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing price of our Class
A common stock of $54.65 on December 31, 2013.
80
There were no options granted for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011. The aggregate intrinsic value of the
options exercised in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $4.58 billion, $4.23 billion and $2.38 billion, respectively.
The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $7 million, $5
million and $6 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes additional information regarding outstanding and exercisable options under the Stock Plans
at December 31, 2013:
Exercise
Price (Range)
$0.00 - 0.04
0.06
0.10 - 0.18
0.29 - 0.33
1.85
2.95
3.23
10.39
15.00
Options Outstanding
Options Exercisable
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
1.72
1.99
2.48
3.24
5.03
5.63
5.82
6.56
6.80
4.66
$
$
0.04
0.06
0.11
0.31
1.85
2.95
3.23
10.39
15.00
3.56
Number of
Shares
(in thousands)
5
$
762
2,527
6,232
2,140
1,014
3,701
583
43
17,007
$
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
0.04
0.06
0.11
0.31
1.85
2.95
3.23
10.39
15.00
1.64
Number of
Shares
(in thousands)
5
762
2,527
6,232
2,140
1,360
4,376
3,500
1,200
22,102
The following table summarizes the activities for our unvested RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2013:
Unvested at December 31, 2012
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Unvested at December 31, 2013
Unvested RSUs
Number of Shares
(in thousands)
Weighted Average Grant
Date Fair Value
113,044
53,344
(47,550)
(14,867)
103,971
$
$
21.38
29.98
16.96
25.31
27.30
The fair value as of the respective vesting dates of RSUs during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $1.55
billion, $1.99 billion, and $2.17 billion, respectively, including the Pre-2011 RSUs earned but subject to a liquidity condition which
was satisfied six months after our IPO.
The majority of our RSUs that were settled during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were net share settled. No
RSUs were settled in the year ended December 31, 2011. Under net settlement procedures applicable to our outstanding RSUs prior
to December 31, 2013, upon each settlement date, RSUs were withheld to cover the required withholding tax, which is based on the
value of the RSU on the settlement date as determined by the closing price of our common stock on the trading day immediately
preceding the applicable settlement date. The remaining amounts are delivered to the recipient as shares of our common stock. In
2013 and 2012, we settled 65 million and 279 million of RSUs, respectively, of which 64 million and 273 million RSUs were net
settled, respectively, by withholding 27 million and 123 million shares, respectively, which represented the employees' minimum
statutory obligation for each such employee's applicable income and other employment taxes and remitted cash of $889 million and
$2.86 billion, respectively, to the appropriate tax authorities. The amount remitted to the tax authorities for the employees' tax obligation
to the tax authorities was reflected as a financing activity within our consolidated statements of cash flows. These shares withheld by
us as a result of the net settlement of RSUs are no longer considered issued and outstanding, thereby reducing our shares outstanding
used to calculate earnings per share. These shares were returned to the reserves and are available for future issuance under the 2012
Plan.
81
As of December 31, 2013, there was $2.69 billion of unrecognized share-based compensation expense, of which $2.4 billion
is related to RSUs, and $286 million is related to restricted shares and stock options. This unrecognized compensation expense is
expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately three years.
Note 12. Other income (expense), net
The following table presents the detail of other income (expense), net, for the periods presented (in millions):
Interest income
Foreign currency exchange losses, net
Other
Other income (expense), net
Note 13. Income Taxes
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
$
$
$
19
(14)
1
6
$
$
14
(9)
2
7
$
4
(29)
6
(19)
The components of income before provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 are as
follows (in millions):
Domestic
Foreign
Income before provision for income taxes
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in millions):
Current:
Federal
State
Foreign
Total current tax expense
Deferred:
Federal
State
Foreign
Total deferred tax benefit
Provision for income taxes
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
3,197
(443)
2,754
$
$
1,062
(568)
494
$
$
1,819
(124)
1,695
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
1,154
69
68
1,291
(28)
(7)
(2)
(37)
1,254
$
$
559
45
22
626
(172)
(6)
(7)
(185)
441
$
$
664
60
8
732
(34)
(3)
—
(37)
695
$
$
$
$
82
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35.0% to our effective tax rate is as follows (in percentages):
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
Research tax credits
Share-based compensation
Effect of non-U.S. operations
Other
Effective tax rate
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
35.0%
35.0%
1.6
(4.7)
5.2
6.8
1.6
6.2
—
19.2
26.9
2.0
35.0%
2.2
(1.0)
1.5
3.3
—
45.5%
89.3%
41.0%
Excess tax benefits associated with stock option exercises and other equity awards are credited to stockholders' equity. The income
tax benefits resulting from stock awards that were credited to stockholders' equity were $602 million, $1.03 billion and $433 million for
the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011.
Our deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows (in millions):
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforward
Tax credit carryforward
Share-based compensation
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Other
Total deferred tax assets
Less: valuation allowance
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization
Purchased intangible assets
Deferred foreign taxes
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets
December 31,
2013
2012
$
6
$
164
120
141
5
436
(82)
354
(68)
(90)
(43)
(201)
153
$
$
10
37
233
83
16
379
(37)
342
(97)
(92)
(15)
(204)
138
The valuation allowance was approximately $82 million and $37 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, related
to state tax credits that we do not believe will ultimately be realized.
As of December 31, 2013, the U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards were approximately $7.88 billion and $9.24
billion, which will begin to expire in 2027 and 2021, respectively, if not utilized. If realized, the impact of the net operating loss
carryforwards will be recognized as a benefit of approximately $2.89 billion through additional paid in capital. We have federal and state
tax credit carryforwards of $637 million and $651 million, respectively, which will expire beginning in 2032.
Utilization of our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the
ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Such annual limitations could result
in the expiration of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards before their utilization. The events that may cause ownership
changes include, but are not limited to, a cumulative stock ownership change of greater than 50% over a three-year period.
Our net foreign pretax losses include jurisdictions with both pretax earnings and pretax losses. Our consolidated financial statements
provide taxes for all related tax liabilities that would arise upon repatriation of earnings in the foreign jurisdictions where we do not intend
to indefinitely reinvest those earnings outside the United States, and the amount of taxes provided for has been insignificant.
83
The following table reflects changes in the gross unrecognized tax benefits (in millions):
Gross unrecognized tax benefits-beginning of period
Increases related to prior year tax positions
Decreases related to prior year tax positions
Increases related to current year tax positions
Gross unrecognized tax benefits-end of period
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
164
$
63
$
425
(13)
740
13
(16)
104
1,316
$
164
$
18
5
(2)
42
63
$
$
During all years presented, we recognized interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for
income taxes on the consolidated statements of income. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recognized interest of $2 million and
a reversal for penalties of $2 million. The amount of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $10
million, $10 million, and $6 million, respectively.
If the remaining balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits of $1.32 billion as of December 31, 2013 was realized in a future
period, this would result in a tax benefit of $842 million within our provision of income taxes at such time.
We are subject to taxation in the United States and various other state and foreign jurisdictions. The material jurisdictions in which
we are subject to potential examination include the United States and Ireland. We are under examination by the Internal Revenue Service
(IRS) for our 2008 through 2010 tax years. We believe that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may ultimately
result from these examinations and we do not anticipate a significant impact to our gross unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12
months related to these years. Our 2011 through 2013 tax years remain subject to examination by the IRS and all tax years starting in
2008 remain subject to examination in Ireland.
Although the timing of the resolution, settlement, and closure of any audits is highly uncertain, it is reasonably possible that the
balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits could significantly change in the next 12 months. However, given the number of years remaining
that are subject to examination, we are unable to estimate the full range of possible adjustments to the balance of gross unrecognized tax
benefits.
Note 14. Geographical Information
Revenue by geography is based on the billing address of the advertiser or developer. The following table sets forth revenue and
property and equipment, net by geographic area (in millions):
Revenue:
United States
Rest of the world(1)
Total revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2012
2011
$
$
3,613
4,259
7,872
$
$
2,578
2,511
5,089
$
$
2,067
1,644
3,711
(1) No individual country, other than disclosed above, exceeded 10% of our total revenue for any period presented
Property and equipment, net:
United States
Sweden
Rest of the world
Total property and equipment, net
84
December 31,
2013
2012
$
$
2,368
$
2,110
415
99
220
61
2,882
$
2,391
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer (CEO) and chief financial officer (CFO), has evaluated the
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation,
our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of December 31, 2013, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable
assurance level and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or
submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms
of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management,
including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial
reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations
of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework). Based on the assessment, management has concluded that its internal control over
financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young
LLP, has issued an audit report with respect to our internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules
13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the fourth quarter of 2013 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management
recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving
the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting
must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of
possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
85
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31,
2013.
Our board of directors has adopted a Code of Conduct applicable to all officers, directors and employees, which is available on
our website (investor.fb.com) under "Corporate Governance." We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form
8-K regarding amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Conduct and by posting such information on our website at
the address and location specified above.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.
86
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
We have filed the following documents as part of this Form 10-K:
1. Consolidated Financial Statements:
Reports of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules
Page No.
58
60
61
62
63
64
66
All schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, not present in amounts sufficient to require submission
of the schedule, or the required information is otherwise included.
3. Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
87
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this
Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Menlo Park, State
of California, on this 31st day of January 2014.
SIGNATURES
Date: January 31, 2014
FACEBOOK, INC.
/S/ MARK ZUCKERBERG
Mark Zuckerberg
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints David
A. Ebersman and Colin S. Stretch, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of
substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all
amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection
therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power
and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all
intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that all said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or any of them or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed by the
following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
88
Signature
Title
Date
/S/ MARK ZUCKERBERG
Mark Zuckerberg
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
January 31, 2014
/S/ DAVID A. EBERSMAN
David A. Ebersman
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
/S/ Jas Athwal
Jas Athwal
/s/ Marc L. Andreessen
Marc L. Andreessen
/s/ Erskine B. Bowles
Erskine B. Bowles
/s/ Susan D. Desmond-Hellmann
Susan D. Desmond-Hellmann
/s/ Donald E. Graham
Donald E. Graham
/s/ Reed Hastings
Reed Hastings
/s/ Sheryl K. Sandberg
Sheryl K. Sandberg
/s/ Peter A. Thiel
Peter A. Thiel
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
89
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
001-35551
3.1
File No.
Exhibit
Filing Date
Form
10-Q
EXHIBIT INDEX
Incorporated by Reference
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Amended and Restated Bylaws.
10-Q
001-35551
3.2
Form of Class A Common Stock Certificate.
Form of Class B Common Stock Certificate.
Sixth Amended and Restated Investors' Rights
Agreement, dated December 27, 2010, by and
among Registrant and certain security holders of
Registrant.
Amendment No. 1 to Sixth Amended and Restated
Investors' Rights Agreement, dated May 1, 2012,
by and among Registrant and certain security
holders of Registrant.
Form of "Type 1" Holder Voting Agreement,
between Registrant, Mark Zuckerberg, and certain
parties thereto.
Form of "Type 3" Holder Voting Agreement,
between Registrant, Mark Zuckerberg, and certain
parties thereto.
S-1
S-8
S-1
333-179287
4.1
333-181566
4.4
333-179287
4.2
S-1
333-179287
4.2A
S-1
333-179287
4.3
S-1
333-179287
4.5
10.1+
Form of Indemnification Agreement.
S-1
333-179287
10.1
10.2(A)+
2005 Stock Plan, as amended.
10.2(B)+
2005 Stock Plan forms of award agreements.
10-K
S-1
001-35551
333-179287
10.2(A)
10.2
10.3(A)+
2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended.
10-K
001-35551
10.4(A)
10.3(B)+
2012 Equity Incentive Plan forms of award
agreements.
10-Q
001-35551
10.2
10.4+
10.5+
10.6+
10.7+
10.8+
10.9+
2013 Bonus/Retention Plan.
Amended and Restated Offer Letter, dated January
27, 2012, between Registrant and Mark
Zuckerberg.
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement,
dated January 27, 2012, between Registrant and
Sheryl K. Sandberg.
S-1
333-179287
10.6
S-1
333-179287
10.7
Amended and Restated Offer Letter, dated January
27, 2012, between Registrant and David A.
Ebersman.
Amended and Restated Offer Letter, dated
January 27, 2012, between Registrant and
Mike Schroepfer.
S-1
333-179287
10.8
S-1
333-179287
10.9
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement,
dated January 27, 2012, between Registrant and
David Fischer.
10-Q
001-35551
10.10
Filed
Herewith
X
July 31,
2012
July 31,
2012
February 8,
2012
May 21,
2012
February 8,
2012
May 3,
2012
February 8,
2012
February 8,
2012
February 8,
2012
February 1,
2013
February 8,
2012
February 1,
2013
July 31,
2012
February 8,
2012
February 8,
2012
February 8,
2012
February 8,
2012
May 2,
2013
10.10†
Lease, dated February 7, 2011, between Registrant
and Wilson Menlo Park Campus, LLC.
S-1
333-179287
10.11
February 8,
2012
90
8-K
001-35551
10.1
August 15,
2013
10.11
21.1
23.1
31.1
31.2
32.1#
32.2#
Credit Agreement, dated August 15, 2013,
between Registrant, the Lenders party thereto, and
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative
Agent.
List of subsidiaries.
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm.
Certification of Mark Zuckerberg, Chief
Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14
(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of David A. Ebersman, Chief
Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14
(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of Mark Zuckerberg, Chief
Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of David A. Ebersman, Chief
Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase
Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
Linkbase Document.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.
† Portions of exhibit have been granted confidential treatment by the SEC.
# This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange
Act), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Exchange Act.
91
DIRECTORS
STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION
Mark Zuckerberg
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Facebook
Sheryl K. Sandberg
Chief Operating Officer, Facebook
Investor Relations
Facebook, Inc.
1601 Willow Road
Menlo Park, California 94025
investor@fb.com
Marc L. Andreessen
Co-founder and General Partner, Andreessen Horowitz
Investor Relations Website
http://investor.fb.com
Erskine B. Bowles
President Emeritus of the University of North Carolina
(UNC)
Facebook’s Class A common stock trades on NASDAQ
under the ticker symbol “FB”
Susan D. Desmond-Hellman
CEO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
(effective May 1, 2014)
Donald E. Graham
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of
Directors of Graham Holdings Company (formerly, The
Washington Post Company)
Reed Hastings
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of
Directors of Netflix, Inc.
Peter A. Thiel
President of Thiel Capital and Clarium Capital Management
and Partner of Founders Fund
Transfer Agent
Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
250 Royall Street
Canton, MA 02021
1 (855) 879-3967 (U.S.)
1 (781) 575-4340 (non-U.S.)
http://
www.computershare.com/investor
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP
Annual Stockholder Meeting
Facebook’s Annual Stockholder Meeting will be held on
May 22, 2014 at 11:00 am PT
Please refer to http://investor.fb.com/annual-proxy.cfm
for important information regarding attending the
Annual Stockholder Meeting.
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this Annual
Report other than statements of historical fact, including state-
ments regarding our future results of operations and financial
position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives
for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Please
read the section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled
“Note About Forward Looking Statements” for a discussion
of the limitations and risks regarding forward-looking state-
ments made in this Annual Report. These forward-looking
statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and
assumptions, including those described in Part I, Item 1A,
“Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K included
herein and these may cause actual results to differ materially
from those contained in any forward-looking statements we
may make. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly
release the results of any revision to these forward-looking
statements, except as required by law. Given these risks
and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue
reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Facebook, the Facebook logo, FB, the Like button, Instagram and our other
registered or common law trademarks, service marks, or trade names appearing
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of Facebook, Inc. or its
affiliates. Other trademarks, service marks, or trade names appearing in this
Annual Report are the property of their respective owners.