MetLife Annual Report 2002

Plain-text annual report

MetLife, Inc. Annual Report 2002 chairman’s letter To MetLife Shareholders: A few years ago, MetLife stood before the investment community and made some powerful promises. We laid out specific financial and operational objectives that we would work to achieve over the next several years. We said we would achieve increasing profitability across the enterprise and efficiently utilize excess capital while improving returns to shareholders. And we said our newly instituted perform- ance management culture would drive MetLife to higher levels of performance. This December, as the MetLife senior management team and I stood before 200 members of the investment community during our annual Investor Day, the message was clear and unequivocal. We are delivering on our promises. We are doing what we said we would do and are well on the way to achieving our ambitious goals, despite the hurdles that we and others in the industry have faced. The year 2002 was good for MetLife in terms of financial performance. We delivered to our shareholders results consistent with investment community expectations and, in fact, exceeded our target of 11.5% operating return on equity, ending the year at 11.7%. We delivered to our customers the continued pledge to build financial freedom for everyone. This is what it’s all about—earning the trust of our various constituencies as we have done for the past 135 years. Particularly today, in light of stock market volatility, the recent spate of corporate scandals, and the uncertain geopolitical landscape, customers want to deal with a company they can trust. They want a financially strong company that will be there for them, in good times and bad, to deliver on its guarantees and provide the products they need to feel secure and confident. They want to deal with employees they can trust to offer the highest level of objective advice and counsel. And they want to do business with a company which has integrity as one of its core values. Customers want to do business with a company like MetLife, and this year we benefited from this flight to quality. Through disciplined and strategic financial management and solid business growth, we are increasingly well positioned in the marketplace. Our earnings, despite some significant market hurdles and a difficult operating environment, continue to reflect the diversity, strength and financial flexibility of MetLife’s businesses. In 2002, we continued to focus on our capital management. As volatile equity markets in 2002 caused rating agencies to take a more cautious view of the insurance industry, we worked quickly to defend our ratings by increasing capital in our primary insurance operating entity, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. We did so, in part, from the sale of 17 real estate properties during the fourth quarter that had a carrying value of approximately $840 million. This special initiative, which is a portion of the company’s total real estate sales program, provided us in excess of $500 million in statutory gains. Capital was also raised through a $1 billion debt offering in December, the proceeds of which were used to increase capital in Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and for other general corporate purposes. The combination of these and other actions enhanced Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s risk based capital ratio, a measure of financial strength and security used by regulators, rating agencies and investors. Business Growth Outpaces the Market H Throughout our lines of business, we surpassed a number of goals this year as we continued to grow and enhance our operations. The exceptional results of Institutional Business resulted in an operating return on allocated equity of 23.0%, as the business exper- ienced strong top line sales growth and continued expense efficiencies. In fact, our business growth in many cases outpaced the market, a clear sign that we are improving our competitive positioning. In 2002, we set out to reduce expenses in our Individual Business operation by $200 million, before income taxes. We exceeded our goal and delivered expense savings of $220 million, before income taxes. We realized these savings through rigorous expense discipline, aggressive utilization of technology and development of common platforms to support many of our functional operations. In addition to the expense savings in Individual Business, our distribution channels in this operation nimbly shifted gears to accommodate market demands through their broad array of fixed offerings to compensate for the lower demand for variable products. Increases in whole life, universal life and term life insurance sales offset declines in equity-linked insurance products, while the launch of a new line of annuity products created new market opportunities in the agent and broker-dealer channels. Through improved operating fundamentals, including rate increases, Auto & Home exceeded its goal of $155 million in operating earnings and achieved a combined ratio under 100%. And, through strategic and accretive acquisitions in Mexico and Chile, our International business nearly tripled its operating earnings while continuing to plant seeds for future growth. Leveraging the Power of the Enterprise H To broaden our services and capitalize on a trend in our business over the past several years—the increasing popularity of voluntary benefits in the workplace, such as life insurance, long-term care, auto and home insurance, and financial advice—we placed our Individual and Institutional Businesses under a shared services umbrella in 2002. The U.S. Insurance and Financial Services businesses, while distinct, leverage the strengths of our Individual Business and Institutional Business by creating a common administrative platform which will bring to bear the company’s full resources to enhance top-line growth, create greater efficiencies, increase expense savings, bolster product development and accelerate the pace of technology enhancements. More importantly, we will be better positioned to serve our customers. Achieving Milestones H We made a number of business inroads in 2002, including continued success with eBusiness initiatives such as MyBenefits, MetDental.com and MetLink. By year-end, group life premiums, fees and other revenues were $5.16 billion, voluntary benefit premiums topped $3 billion, and retirement and savings entered the market with its new fully bundled 401(k) product. Annuity deposits were $7.89 billion, driven by increases in production by: MetLife Investors Group, up 98%; New England Financial, up 32%; MetLife Resources, up 16%; and, MetLife Financial Services, up 6%. Fixed annuity deposits were $1.47 billion and variable annuity deposits were $6.42 billion. In the international arena, MetLife’s acquisition of Mexico’s Aseguradora Hidalgo S.A., vaulted us to the #1 spot in life insurance in that country. This acquisition enabled MetLife to further expand its presence in Mexico, a country in which we’ve had very good experience through MetLife Genesis, a wholly-owned subsidiary since 1992. International is a growth area for MetLife as we continue to tap opportunities in underserved, yet growing markets worldwide. In fact, we are challenging International to grow operating earnings by 30% to 40% and operating revenues by 15% to 20% each year, obtaining leadership positions in three or four countries by 2005, and to contribute 7%-9% of the company’s total operating revenues and operating earnings by that year. MetLife and Snoopy H Part of our strength as a company comes from our brand, one of the most widely recognized and trusted in the world. Snoopy is our corporate ambassador and has been an important part of our advertising campaigns for more than 17 years. In December 2002, we signed a new 10-year contract with United Media to continue the inclusion of Snoopy and the PEANUTS characters in MetLife’s domestic and certain international advertising. Setting Higher Standards for Performance H MetLife’s relentless focus on performance management continues to produce tangible results. Consider that six years ago, when we implemented performance management, our adjusted operating return on equity was 7%. As of December 31, 2002, our operating return on equity was 11.7%. What this tells me, and the broader investment community, is that we are driving results by rewarding perform- ance. Within this culture, we continue to attract and retain top achievers. People are recognizing that MetLife is an exciting place to be. With solid business strategies, capital strength and continued discipline around operational excellence, MetLife is very well posi- tioned. Our tradition of trust and integrity has become a vital point of differentiation that has enabled MetLife to benefit from the flight to quality evidenced in today’s marketplace. This is something we’re proud of, and which is reaffirmed day-to-day as an integral part of how we manage our business. MetLife’s leadership in the world’s financial service arena carries with it responsibilities as large as they are exciting. To me, there can be no doubt about our ability to deliver on our promises. There can be no question as to our honor. Earning marketplace respect, and your respect as our shareholders, is a priority for me, and for all employees of MetLife. Thank you for your continued commitment to MetLife’s success. Sincerely, Robert H. Benmosche Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer March 27, 2003 * Operating return on equity is deﬁned as operating earnings divided by average equity (excluding unrealized investment gains and losses). Operating earnings is deﬁned as net income excluding net investment gains or losses, net of income taxes. Operating earnings is a non-GAAP ﬁnancial measure that management uses in managing the company’s business and evaluating its results. Adjusted operating return on equity also excludes $190 million, net of income taxes, of certain litigation-related charges. Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report, including the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains statements which constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements relating to trends in the operations and ﬁnancial results and the business and the products of the Registrant and its subsidiaries, as well as other statements including words such as ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ ‘‘plan,’’ ‘‘estimate,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘intend’’ and other similar expressions. ‘‘MetLife’’ or the ‘‘Company’’ refers to MetLife, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the ‘‘Holding Company’’), and its subsidiaries, including Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (‘‘Metropolitan Life’’). Forward-looking statements are made based upon management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Actual results may differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements as a result of risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, the following: (i) changes in general economic conditions, including the performance of ﬁnancial markets and interest rates; (ii) heightened competition, including with respect to pricing, entry of new competitors and the development of new products by new and existing competitors; (iii) unanticipated changes in industry trends; (iv) MetLife, Inc.’s primary reliance, as a holding company, on dividends from its subsidiaries to meet debt payment obligations and the applicable regulatory restrictions on the ability of the subsidiaries to pay such dividends; (v) deterioration in the experience of the ‘‘closed block’’ established in connection with the reorganization of Metropolitan Life; (vi) catastrophe losses; (vii) adverse litigation or arbitration results; (viii) regulatory, accounting or tax changes that may affect the cost of, or demand for, the Company’s products or services; (ix) downgrades in the Company’s and its afﬁliates’ claims paying ability, ﬁnancial strength or debt ratings; (x) changes in rating agency policies or practices; (xi) discrepancies between actual claims experience and assumptions used in setting prices for the Company’s products and establishing the liabilities for the Company’s obligations for future policy beneﬁts and claims; (xii) discrepancies between actual experience and assumptions used in establishing liabilities related to other contingencies or obligations; (xiii) the effects of business disruption or economic contraction due to terrorism or other hostilities; and (xiv) other risks and uncertainties described from time to time in MetLife, Inc.’s ﬁlings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including its S-1 and S-3 registration statements. The Company speciﬁcally disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. Selected Financial Data The following table sets forth selected consolidated ﬁnancial information for the Company. The selected consolidated ﬁnancial information for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000 and at December 31, 2002 and 2001 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated ﬁnancial statements included elsewhere herein. The selected consolidated ﬁnancial information for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998 and at December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated ﬁnancial statements not included elsewhere herein. The following consolidated statements of income and consolidated balance sheet data have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. The following information should be read in conjunction with and is qualiﬁed in its entirety by the information contained in ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,’’ and the consolidated ﬁnancial statements appearing elsewhere herein. Some previously reported amounts have been reclassiﬁed to conform with the presentation at and for the year ended December 31, 2002. For the Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 (Dollars in millions) Statements of Income Data Revenues: Premiums ************************************************************* $19,086 Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ************************ 2,139 Net investment income(1) ************************************************ 11,329 Other revenues ******************************************************** 1,377 Net investment (losses) gains(1)(2)(3) ************************************** (784) Total revenues(3)(4) *************************************************** 33,147 $17,212 1,889 11,255 1,507 (603) $16,317 1,820 11,024 2,229 (390) $12,088 1,433 9,464 1,861 (70) $11,503 1,360 9,856 1,785 2,021 31,260 31,000 24,776 26,525 Expenses: Policyholder beneﬁts and claims(5) **************************************** Interest credited to policyholder account balances *************************** Policyholder dividends *************************************************** Payments to former Canadian policyholders(3)******************************* Demutualization costs *************************************************** Other expenses(6) ****************************************************** Total expenses(3)(4)*************************************************** Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes ************* Provision for income taxes(1)(7) ********************************************* Income from continuing operations ****************************************** 1,155 Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes(1) ******************** 450 Net income************************************************************** $ 1,605 19,523 2,950 1,942 — — 7,061 1,671 516 31,476 Income from continuing operations after April 7, 2000 (date of demutualization) ***** Net income after April 7, 2000 (date of demutualization)************************* 13,100 2,441 1,690 — 260 6,210 23,701 1,075 522 553 64 617 $ 12,638 2,711 1,651 — 6 7,544 24,550 1,975 699 1,276 67 $ 1,343 18,454 3,084 2,086 — — 7,022 30,646 614 227 387 86 473 $ 16,893 2,935 1,919 327 230 7,401 29,705 1,295 421 874 79 953 $ $ 1,114 $ 1,173 MetLife, Inc. 1 Balance Sheet Data Assets: At December 31, 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 (Dollars in millions) General account assets ************************************************** $217,692 $194,256 $183,912 $160,291 $157,278 Separate account assets************************************************* 58,068 Total assets ********************************************************** $277,385 $256,970 $254,162 $225,232 $215,346 59,693 62,714 64,941 70,250 Liabilities: Life and health policyholder liabilities(8) ************************************* $162,569 $148,395 $140,040 $122,637 $122,726 Property and casualty policyholder liabilities(8) ******************************* 1,477 Short-term debt ******************************************************** 3,572 Long-term debt ********************************************************* 2,886 Separate account liabilities *********************************************** 58,068 Other liabilities ********************************************************** 11,750 Total liabilities********************************************************* Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts********** 2,318 4,180 2,494 64,941 14,972 2,610 355 3,628 62,714 21,950 2,559 1,085 2,400 70,250 20,349 2,673 1,161 4,425 59,693 28,214 200,479 211,542 239,652 236,683 258,735 1,265 1,090 1,256 — — Stockholders’ Equity: Common stock, at par value(9)******************************************** Additional paid-in capital(9) *********************************************** Retained earnings(9)***************************************************** Treasury stock, at cost(9)************************************************* Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)******************************* Total stockholders’ equity*********************************************** 14,867 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity *********************************** $277,385 $256,970 $254,162 $225,232 $215,346 — — 14,100 — (410) 8 14,926 1,021 (613) 1,047 8 14,968 2,807 (2,405) 2,007 8 14,966 1,349 (1,934) 1,673 — — 13,483 — 1,384 17,385 16,062 13,690 16,389 Other Data At or for the Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 (Dollars in millions, except per share data) Net income ****************************************************** $ Return on equity(10) *********************************************** Total assets under management(11)********************************** $299,166 1,605 10.8% $ $ 473 3.2% $ 953 6.5% 617 4.5% $ 1,343 9.4% $282,486 $301,325 $373,612 $360,703 Income from Continuing Operations Per Share Data(12) Basic earnings per share ******************************************* $ Diluted earnings per share****************************************** $ Income from Discontinued Operations Per Share Data(12) Basic earnings per share ******************************************* $ Diluted earnings per share****************************************** $ Net Income Per Share Data(12) Basic earnings per share ******************************************* $ Diluted earnings per share****************************************** $ Dividends Declared Per Share ************************************* $ 1.64 1.58 0.64 0.62 2.28 2.20 0.21 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0.52 0.51 0.12 0.11 0.64 0.62 0.20 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1.44 1.41 0.08 0.08 1.52 1.49 0.20 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A (1) In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (‘‘SFAS’’) No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, income related to real estate sold or classiﬁed as held-for-sale for transactions initiated on or after January 1, 2002 is presented as discontinued operations. The following table presents the components of income from discontinued operations: For the Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 (Dollars in millions) Net investment income ***************************************** $ 124 Net investment gains ******************************************* 582 Total revenues ********************************************** Provision for income taxes ************************************** 706 256 Income from discontinued operations *************************** $ 450 $ 125 — 125 39 $ 121 — 121 42 $ 100 — $ 106 — 100 36 106 39 $ 86 $ 79 $ 64 $ 67 2 MetLife, Inc. (2) Investment gains and losses are presented net of related policyholder amounts. The amounts netted against investment gains and losses are the following: For the Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 (Dollars in millions) Gross investment (losses) gains *********************************** $(929) $(737) $(444) $(137) $2,629 Less amounts allocable to: Future policy beneﬁt loss recognition ***************************** Deferred policy acquisition costs ******************************** Participating contracts ***************************************** Policyholder dividend obligation ********************************* — (5) (7) 157 Net investment (losses) gains ************************************* $(784) — (25) — 159 — 95 (126) 85 — 46 21 — (272) (240) (96) — $(603) $(390) $ (70) $2,021 Investment gains and losses have been reduced by (i) additions to future policy beneﬁts resulting from the need to establish additional liabilities due to the recognition of investment gains, (ii) amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, to the extent that such amortization results from investment gains and losses, (iii) adjustments to participating contractholder accounts when amounts equal to such investment gains and losses are applied to the contractholder’s accounts, and (iv) adjustments to the policyholder dividend obligation resulting from investment gains and losses. This presentation may not be comparable to presentations made by other insurers. Includes the following combined ﬁnancial statement data of Conning Corporation (‘‘Conning’’), which was sold in 2001, the Company’s controlling interest in Nvest Companies, L.P. and its afﬁliates (‘‘Nvest’’), which were sold in 2000, MetLife Capital Holdings, Inc., which was sold in 1998, and the Company’s Canadian operations and U.K. insurance operations, substantially all of which were sold in 1998: (3) For the Years Ended December 31, 2001 2000 1999 1998 (Dollars in millions) Total revenues ************************************************************* $32 Total expenses************************************************************* $33 $605 $580 $655 $603 $1,405 $1,275 As a result of these sales, investment gains of $25 million, $663 million, and $520 million were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000, and 1998, respectively. In July 1998, Metropolitan Life sold a substantial portion of its Canadian operations to Clarica Life Insurance Company (‘‘Clarica Life’’). As part of that sale, a large block of policies in effect with Metropolitan Life in Canada were transferred to Clarica Life, and the holders of the transferred Canadian policies became policyholders of Clarica Life. Those transferred policyholders were no longer policyholders of Metropolitan Life and, therefore, were not entitled to compensation under the plan of reorganization. However, as a result of a commitment made in connection with obtaining Canadian regulatory approval of that sale and in connection with the demutualization, in 2000, Metropolitan Life’s Canadian branch made cash payments to those who were, or were deemed to be, holders of these transferred Canadian policies. The payments were determined in a manner that is consistent with the treatment of, and fair and equitable to, eligible policyholders of Metropolitan Life. Included in total revenues and total expenses for the year ended December 31, 2002 are $421 million and $358 million, respectively, related to Aseguradora Hidalgo S.A., which was acquired in June 2002. Included in total revenues and total expenses for the year ended December 31, 2000 are $3,739 million and $3,561 million, respectively, related to GenAmerica, which was acquired in January 2000. (4) (5) Policyholder beneﬁts and claims exclude ($150) million, ($159) million, $41 million, ($21) million, and $368 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, and 1998, respectively, of future policy beneﬁt loss recognition, adjustments to participating contractholder accounts and changes in the policyholder dividend obligation that have been netted against net investment gains and losses as such amounts are directly related to such gains and losses. This presentation may not be comparable to presentations made by other insurers. (6) Other expenses exclude $5 million, $25 million, ($95) million, ($46) million, and $240 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998, respectively, of amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs that have been netted against net investment gains and losses as such amounts are directly related to such gains and losses. This presentation may not be comparable to presentations made by other insurers. (7) Provision for income taxes includes ($145) million, $125 million, and $18 million for surplus tax (credited) accrued by Metropolitan Life for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999, and 1998, respectively. Prior to its demutualization, Metropolitan Life was subject to surplus tax imposed on mutual life insurance companies under Section 809 of the Internal Revenue Code. (8) Policyholder liabilities include future policy beneﬁts and other policyholder funds. Life and health policyholder liabilities also include policyholder account balances, policyholder dividends payable and the policyholder dividend obligation. (9) For additional information regarding these items, see Notes 1 and 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (10) Return on equity is deﬁned as net income divided by average total equity, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). (11) Includes MetLife’s general account and separate account assets managed on behalf of third parties. Includes $21 billion of assets under management managed by Conning at December 31, 2000, which was sold in 2001. Includes $133 billion and $135 billion of assets under management managed by Nvest at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively, which was sold in 2000. (12) Based on earnings subsequent to the date of demutualization. For additional information regarding net income per share data, see Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. MetLife, Inc. 3 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations For purposes of this discussion, the terms ‘‘Company’’ or ‘‘MetLife’’ refer, at all times prior to the date of demutualization (as hereinafter deﬁned), to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (‘‘Metropolitan Life’’), a mutual life insurance company organized under the laws of the State of New York, and its subsidiaries, and at all times on and after the date of demutualization, to MetLife, Inc. (the ‘‘Holding Company’’), a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, including Metropolitan Life. Following this summary is a discussion addressing the consolidated results of operations and ﬁnancial condition of the Company for the periods indicated. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements included elsewhere herein. Business Realignment Initiatives During the fourth quarter of 2001, the Company implemented several business realignment initiatives, which resulted from a strategic review of operations and an ongoing commitment to reduce expenses. The following tables represent the original expenses recorded in the fourth quarter of 2001 and the remaining liability as of December 31, 2002: Severance and severance-related costs ******************************** Facilities’ consolidation costs ****************************************** Business exit costs ************************************************** Total ********************************************************** $ 9 3 387 $399 $32 65 — $97 $ 3 — — $ 3 $ 44 68 387 $499 Pre-tax Charges Recorded in the Fourth Quarter of 2001 Institutional Individual Auto & Home Total (Dollars in millions) Remaining Liability as of December 31, 2002 Institutional Individual Auto & Home Total (Dollars in millions) Severance and severance-related costs ********************************* Facilities’ consolidation costs ******************************************* Business exit costs *************************************************** Total *********************************************************** $ — — 40 $40 $ 1 17 — $18 $ — — — $ — $ 1 17 40 $58 The business realignment initiatives resulted in savings of approximately $95 million, net of income tax, during 2002, comprised of approximately $33 million, $57 million and $5 million in the Institutional, Individual and Auto & Home segments, respectively. Institutional. The charges to this segment in the fourth quarter of 2001 include costs associated with exiting a business, including the write-off of goodwill, severance and severance-related costs, and facilities’ consolidation costs. These expenses are the result of the discontinuance of certain 401(k) recordkeeping services and externally-managed guaranteed index separate accounts. These actions resulted in charges to policyholder beneﬁts and claims and other expenses of $215 million and $184 million, respectively. During the fourth quarter of 2002, approximately $30 million of the charges recorded in 2001 were released into income primarily as a result of the accelerated implementation of the Company’s exit from the large market 401(k) business. The business realignment initiatives will ultimately result in the elimination of approximately 930 positions. As of December 31, 2002, there were approximately 340 terminations to be completed. The Company continues to carry a liability as of December 31, 2002 since the exit plan could not be completed within one year due to circumstances outside the Company’s control and since certain of its contractual obligations extended beyond one year. Individual. The charges to this segment in the fourth quarter of 2001 include facilities’ consolidation costs, severance and severance-related costs, which predominately stem from the elimination of approximately 560 non-sales positions and 190 operations and technology positions supporting this segment. As of December 31, 2002, there were approximately 25 terminations to be completed. These costs were recorded in other expenses. The remaining liability as of December 31, 2002 is due to certain contractual obligations that extended beyond one year. Auto & Home. The charges to this segment in the fourth quarter of 2001 include severance and severance-related costs associated with the elimination of approximately 200 positions. All terminations were completed as of December 31, 2002. The costs were recorded in other expenses. September 11, 2001 Tragedies On September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks occurred in New York, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania (the ‘‘tragedies’’) triggering a signiﬁcant loss of life and property which had an adverse impact on certain of the Company’s businesses. The Company has direct exposure to these events with claims arising from its Individual, Institutional, Reinsurance and Auto & Home insurance coverages, and it believes the majority of such claims have been reported or otherwise analyzed by the Company. The Company’s original estimate of the total insurance losses related to the tragedies, which was recorded in the third quarter of 2001, was $208 million, net of income taxes of $117 million. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2002 includes a $17 million, net of income taxes of $9 million, beneﬁt from the reduction of the liability associated with the tragedies. The revision to the liability is the result of an analysis completed during the fourth quarter of 2002, which focused on the emerging incidence experienced over the past 12 months associated with certain disability products. As of December 31, 2002, the Company’s remaining liability for unpaid and future claims associated with the tragedies was $47 million, principally related to disability coverages. This estimate has been and will continue to be subject to revision in subsequent periods, as claims are received from insureds and the claims to reinsurers are identiﬁed and processed. Any revision to the estimate of gross losses and reinsurance recoveries in subsequent periods will affect net income in such periods. Reinsurance recoveries are dependent on the continued creditworthiness of the reinsurers, which may be adversely affected by their other reinsured losses in connection with the tragedies. The Company’s general account investment portfolios include investments, primarily comprised of ﬁxed maturities, in industries that were affected by the tragedies, including airline, other travel, lodging and insurance. Exposures to these industries also exist through mortgage loans and investments in real estate. The carrying value of the Company’s investment portfolio exposed to industries affected by the tragedies was approximately $3.7 billion at December 31, 2002. 4 MetLife, Inc. The long-term effects of the tragedies on the Company’s businesses cannot be assessed at this time. The tragedies have had signiﬁcant adverse effects on the general economic, market and political conditions, increasing many of the Company’s business risks. This may have a negative effect on MetLife’s businesses and results of operations over time. In particular, the declines in share prices experienced after the reopening of the U.S. equity markets following the tragedies have contributed, and may continue to contribute, to a decline in separate account assets, which in turn may have an adverse effect on fees earned in the Company’s businesses. In addition, the Company has received and expects to continue to receive disability claims from individuals resulting from the tragedies. The Demutualization On April 7, 2000 (the ‘‘date of demutualization’’), pursuant to an order by the New York Superintendent of Insurance (the ‘‘Superintendent’’) approving its plan of reorganization, as amended (the ‘‘plan’’), Metropolitan Life converted from a mutual life insurance company to a stock life insurance company and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Holding Company. In conjunction therewith, each policyholder’s membership interest was extinguished and each eligible policyholder received, in exchange for that interest, trust interests representing shares of Common Stock held in the MetLife Policyholder Trust, cash or an adjustment to their policy values in the form of policy credits, as provided in the plan. In addition, Metropolitan Life’s Canadian branch made cash payments to holders of certain policies transferred to Clarica Life Insurance Company in connection with the sale of a substantial portion of Metropolitan Life’s Canadian operations in 1998, as a result of a commitment made in connection with obtaining Canadian regulatory approval of that sale. The payments, which were recorded in the second quarter of 2000, were determined in a manner that was consistent with the treatment of, and fair and equitable to, eligible policyholders of Metropolitan Life. On the date of demutualization, the Holding Company conducted an initial public offering of 202,000,000 shares of its Common Stock and concurrent private placements of an aggregate of 60,000,000 shares of its Common Stock at an offering price of $14.25 per share. The shares of Common Stock issued in the offerings are in addition to 494,466,664 shares of Common Stock of the Holding Company distributed to the Metropolitan Life Policyholder Trust for the beneﬁt of policyholders of Metropolitan Life in connection with the demutualization. On April 10, 2000, the Holding Company issued 30,300,000 additional shares of its Common Stock as a result of the exercise of over-allotment options granted to underwriters in the initial public offering. Concurrently with these offerings, MetLife, Inc. and MetLife Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory business trust wholly-owned by MetLife, Inc. (the ‘‘Trust’’), issued 20,125,000 8.00% equity security units (‘‘units’’) for an aggregate offering price of $1,006 million. Each unit originally consisted of (i) a contract to purchase, for $50, shares of Common Stock on May 15, 2003, and (ii) a capital security of the Trust, with a stated liquidation amount of $50. In accordance with the terms of the units, the Trust was dissolved on February 5, 2003 and $1,006 million aggregate principal amount of 8% debentures of the Holding Company (the ‘‘MetLife debentures’’), the sole asset of the Trust, were distributed to the unit holders. As required by the terms of the units, the MetLife debentures were remarketed on behalf of the debenture holders on February 12, 2003 and the interest rate on the MetLife debentures was reset as of February 15, 2003 to 3.911% per annum for a yield to maturity of 2.876%. On the date of demutualization, Metropolitan Life established a closed block for the beneﬁt of holders of certain individual life insurance policies of Metropolitan Life. Acquisitions and Dispositions In June 2002, the Company acquired Aseguradora Hidalgo S.A. (‘‘Hidalgo’’), an insurance company based in Mexico with approximately $2.5 billion in assets as of the date of acquisition. The purchase price is subject to adjustment under certain provisions of the purchase agreement. The Company does not expect that any purchase price adjustment will have an impact on its consolidated statements of income. The Company is in the process of integrating Hidalgo and Seguros Genesis, S.A., (‘‘Genesis’’), MetLife’s wholly-owned Mexican subsidiary headquartered in Mexico City, to operate as a combined entity under the name MetLife Mexico. In November 2001, the Company acquired Compania de Seguros de Vida Santander S.A. and Compania de Reaseguros de Vida Soince Re S.A., wholly-owned subsidiaries of Santander Central Hispano in Chile. These acquisitions marked MetLife’s entrance into the Chilean insurance market. In July 2001, the Company completed its sale of Conning Corporation (‘‘Conning’’), an afﬁliate acquired in the acquisition of GenAmerica Financial Corporation (‘‘GenAmerica’’) in 2000. Conning specialized in asset management for insurance company investment portfolios and investment research. In May 2001, the Company acquired Seguradora America Do Sul S.A., a life and pension company in Brazil. Seasul has been integrated into MetLife’s wholly-owned Brazilian subsidiary, Metropolitan Life Seguros e Previdencia Privada S.A. In February 2001, the Holding Company consummated the purchase of Grand Bank, N.A., which was renamed MetLife Bank, N.A. (‘‘MetLife Bank’’). MetLife Bank provides banking services to individuals and small businesses in the Princeton, New Jersey area. On February 12, 2001, the Federal Reserve Board approved the Holding Company’s application for bank holding company status and to become a ﬁnancial holding company upon its acquisition of Grand Bank, N.A. During the second half of 2000, Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (‘‘RGA’’) acquired the interest in RGA Financial Group, LLC it did not already own. In October 2000, the Company completed the sale of its 48% ownership interest in its afﬁliates, Nvest, L.P. and Nvest Companies L.P. In July 2000, the Company acquired the workplace beneﬁts division of Business Men’s Assurance Company (‘‘BMA’’), a Kansas City, Missouri- based insurer. In April 2000, Metropolitan Life acquired the outstanding shares of Conning common stock not already owned by Metropolitan Life. In January 2000, Metropolitan Life completed its acquisition of GenAmerica, a holding company which included General American Life Insurance Company (‘‘General American’’), approximately 49% of the outstanding shares of RGA common stock, and 61% of the outstanding shares of Conning common stock, which was subsequently sold in 2001. Metropolitan Life owned 9% of the outstanding shares of RGA common stock prior to the completion of the GenAmerica acquisition. During 2002, the Company purchased an additional 327,600 shares of RGA’s outstanding common stock at an aggregate price of $9.5 million to offset potential future dilution of the Company’s holding of RGA’s common stock arising from the issuance by RGA of company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities of a subsidiary trust in December 2001. These purchases increased the Company’s ownership percentage of outstanding shares of RGA common stock from approximately 58% at December 31, 2001 to approximately 59% at December 31, 2002. Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of ﬁnancial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (‘‘GAAP’’) requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. The critical accounting policies, estimates and related judgments underlying the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements are summarized below. In applying these accounting policies, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require estimates about matters that are MetLife, Inc. 5 inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and ﬁnancial services industries; others are speciﬁc to the Company’s businesses and operations. Investments The Company’s principal investments are in ﬁxed maturities, mortgage loans and real estate, all of which are exposed to three primary sources of investment risk: credit, interest rate and market valuation. The ﬁnancial statement risks are those associated with the recognition of impairments and income, as well as the determination of fair values. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on management’s case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. Management considers a wide range of factors about the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Considerations used by the Company in the impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below amortized cost; (ii) the potential for impairments of securities when the issuer is experiencing signiﬁcant ﬁnancial difﬁculties; (iii) the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; (iv) the potential for impairments in certain economically depressed geographic locations; (v) the potential for impairments of securities where the issuer, series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic type of loss or has exhausted natural resources; and (vi) other subjective factors, including concentrations and information obtained from regulators and rating agencies. In addition, the earnings on certain investments are dependent upon market conditions, which could result in prepayments and changes in amounts to be earned due to changing interest rates or equity markets. The determination of fair values in the absence of quoted market values is based on valuation methodologies, securities the Company deems to be comparable and assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances. The use of different methodologies and assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Derivatives The Company enters into freestanding derivative transactions primarily to manage the risk associated with variability in cash ﬂows related to the Company’s ﬁnancial assets and liabilities or to changing fair values. The Company also purchases investment securities and issues certain insurance and reinsurance policies with embedded derivatives. The associated ﬁnancial statement risk is the volatility in net income which can result from (i) changes in fair value of derivatives not qualifying as accounting hedges, and (ii) ineffectiveness of designated hedges in an environment of changing interest rates or fair values. In addition, accounting for derivatives is complex, as evidenced by signiﬁcant authoritative interpretations of the primary accounting standards which continue to evolve, as well as the signiﬁcant judgments and estimates involved in determining fair value in the absence of quoted market values. These estimates are based on valuation methodologies and assumptions deemed appropriate in the circumstances. Such assumptions include estimated market volatility and interest rates used in the determination of fair value where quoted market values are not available. The use of different assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs The Company incurs signiﬁcant costs in connection with acquiring new insurance business. These costs, which vary with and are primarily related to the production of new business, are deferred. The recovery of such costs is dependent upon the future proﬁtability of the related business. The amount of future proﬁt is dependent principally on investment returns, mortality, morbidity, persistency, expenses to administer the business, creditworthiness of reinsurance counterparties and certain economic variables, such as inﬂation. Of these factors, the Company anticipates that investment returns are most likely to impact the rate of amortization of such costs. The aforementioned factors enter into management’s estimates of gross margins and proﬁts, which generally are used to amortize such costs. Revisions to estimates result in changes to the amounts expensed in the reporting period in which the revisions are made and could result in the impairment of the asset and a charge to income if estimated future gross margins and proﬁts are less than amounts deferred. In addition, the Company utilizes the reversion to the mean assumption, a standard industry practice, in its determination of the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. This practice assumes that the expectation for long-term appreciation in equity markets is not changed by minor short-term market ﬂuctuations, but that it does change when large interim deviations have occurred. Future Policy Beneﬁts The Company establishes liabilities for amounts payable under insurance policies, including traditional life insurance, annuities and disability insurance. Generally, amounts are payable over an extended period of time and the proﬁtability of the products is dependent on the pricing of the products. Principal assumptions used in pricing policies and in the establishment of liabilities for future policy beneﬁts are mortality, morbidity, expenses, persistency, investment returns and inﬂation. The Company also establishes liabilities for unpaid claims and claims expenses for property and casualty insurance. Pricing of this insurance takes into account the expected frequency and severity of losses, the costs of providing coverage, competitive factors, characteristics of the insured and the property covered, and proﬁt considerations. Liabilities for property and casualty insurance are dependent on estimates of amounts payable for claims reported but not settled and claims incurred but not reported. These estimates are inﬂuenced by historical experience and actuarial assumptions of current developments, anticipated trends and risk management strategies. Differences between the actual experience and assumptions used in pricing these policies and in the establishment of liabilities result in variances in proﬁt and could result in losses. Reinsurance The Company enters into reinsurance transactions as both a provider and a purchaser of reinsurance. Accounting for reinsurance requires extensive use of assumptions and estimates, particularly related to the future performance of the underlying business and the potential impact of counterparty credit risks. The Company periodically reviews actual and anticipated experience compared to the aforementioned assumptions used to establish policy beneﬁts and evaluates the ﬁnancial strength of counterparties to its reinsurance agreements using criteria similar to that evaluated in the security impairment process discussed above. Additionally, for each of its reinsurance contracts, the Company must determine if the contract provides indemniﬁcation against loss or liability relating to insurance risk, in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The Company must review all contractual features, particularly those that may limit the amount of insurance risk to which the Company is subject or features that delay the timely reimbursement of claims. If the Company determines that a contract does not expose it to a reasonable possibility of a signiﬁcant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the contract using the deposit method of accounting. Litigation The Company is a party to a number of legal actions. Given the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is difﬁcult to estimate the impact of litigation on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial position. Liabilities are established when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can 6 MetLife, Inc. be reasonably estimated. Liabilities related to certain lawsuits, including the Company’s asbestos-related liability, are especially difﬁcult to estimate due to the limitation of available data and uncertainty regarding numerous variables used to determine amounts recorded. The data and variables that impact the assumption used to estimate the Company’s asbestos-related liability include the number of future claims, the cost to resolve claims, the disease mix and severity of disease, the jurisdiction of claims ﬁled, tort reform efforts and the impact of any possible future adverse verdicts and their amounts. It is possible that an adverse outcome in certain of the Company’s litigation, including asbestos-related cases, or the use of different assumptions in the determination of amounts recorded could have a material effect upon the Company’s consolidated net income or cash ﬂows in particular quarterly or annual periods. Employee Beneﬁt Plans The Company sponsors pension and other retirement plans in various forms covering employees who meet speciﬁed eligibility requirements. The reported expense and liability associated with these plans requires an extensive use of assumptions which include the discount rate, expected return on plan assets and rate of future compensation increases as determined by the Company. Management determines these assumptions based upon currently available market and industry data, historical performance of the plan and its assets, and consultation with an independent consulting actuarial ﬁrm to aid it in selecting appropriate assumptions and valuing its related liabilities. The actuarial assumptions used by the Company may differ materially from actual results due to changing market and economic conditions, higher or lower withdrawal rates or longer or shorter life spans of the participants. These differences may have a signiﬁcant effect on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements and liquidity. The actuarial assumptions used in the calculation of the Company’s aggregate projected beneﬁt obligation may vary and include an expectation of long-term market appreciation in equity markets which is not changed by minor short-term market ﬂuctuations, but does change when large interim deviations occur. For the largest of the plans sponsored by the Company (the Metropolitan Life Retirement Plan for United States Employees, with a projected beneﬁt obligation of $4.3 billion or 98.6% of all qualiﬁed plans at December 31, 2002), the discount rate, expected rate of return on plan assets, and the range of rates of future compensation increases used in that plan’s valuation at December 31, 2002 were 6.75%, 9% and 4% to 8%, respectively. The expected rate of return on plan assets for use in that plan’s valuation in 2003 is currently anticipated to be 8.5%. Results of Operations The following table presents consolidated ﬁnancial information for the years indicated: Revenues Premiums*********************************************************************** Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ********************************** Net investment income *********************************************************** Other revenues ****************************************************************** Net investment losses (net of amounts allocable to other accounts of ($145), ($134) and ($54), respectively) ****************************************** Total revenues *************************************************************** Expenses Policyholder beneﬁts and claims (excludes amounts directly related to net investment losses of ($150), ($159) and $41, respectively) ********************** Interest credited to policyholder account balances ************************************* Policyholder dividends ************************************************************ Payments to former Canadian policyholders ****************************************** Demutualization costs************************************************************* Other expenses (excludes amounts directly related to net investment losses of $5, $25 and ($95), respectively) ***************************************** Total expenses ************************************************************** Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes ********************* Provision for income taxes********************************************************* Income from continuing operations************************************************** Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes****************************** Net income ********************************************************************* Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) $19,086 2,139 11,329 1,377 $17,212 1,889 11,255 1,507 $16,317 1,820 11,024 2,229 (784) (603) (390) 33,147 31,260 31,000 19,523 2,950 1,942 — — 18,454 3,084 2,086 — — 16,893 2,935 1,919 327 230 7,061 7,022 7,401 31,476 30,646 29,705 1,671 516 1,155 450 $ 1,605 $ 614 227 387 86 473 1,295 421 874 79 953 $ Year ended December 31, 2002 compared with the year ended December 31, 2001 — The Company Premiums increased by $1,874 million, or 11%, to $19,086 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $17,212 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is primarily attributable to increases in the Institutional, International and Reinsurance segments. A $966 million increase in Institutional is largely due to sales growth in its group life, dental, disability and long-term care businesses, a sale of a signiﬁcant retirement and savings contract in the second quarter of 2002, as well as new sales throughout 2002 in this segment’s structured settlements and traditional annuity products. The June 2002 acquisition of Hidalgo, the 2001 acquisitions in Chile and Brazil and the sale of an annuity contract in the ﬁrst quarter of 2002 to a Canadian trust company are the primary drivers of a $665 million increase in International. A portion of the increase in International is also attributable to business growth in South Korea, Mexico (excluding Hidalgo), Spain and Taiwan. In addition, an increase in Canada due to the restructuring of a pension contract from an investment-type product to a long-term annuity contributed to this variance. New premiums from facultative and automatic treaties, and renewal premiums on existing blocks of business contributed to a $243 million increase in the Reinsurance segment. Universal life and investment-type product policy fees increased by $250 million, or 13%, to $2,139 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,889 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is primarily attributable to the Individual, International and Institutional segments. A $120 million favorable variance in Individual is due to an increase in policy fees from insurance products, primarily due to higher revenue from insurance MetLife, Inc. 7 fees, which increase as the average separate account asset base supporting the underlying minimum death beneﬁts declines. The average separate account asset base has declined in 2002 in response to poor equity market performance. These increases are partially offset by lower policy fees from annuity and investment-type products generally resulting from poor equity market performance despite growth in annuity deposits. Management would expect policy fees from annuity and investment-type products to continue to be adversely impacted while revenues from insurance fees on variable life products would be expected to rise if average separate account asset levels continue to decline. A $106 million increase in International is largely due to the acquisition of Hidalgo and the acquisitions in Chile, partially offset by a decrease in Spain due to the cessation of product lines offered through a joint venture with Banco Santander Central Hispano, S.A., (‘‘Banco Santander’’) in 2001. A $23 million increase in Institutional is principally due to a fee related to the renegotiation of a portion of a bank-owned life insurance contract, as well as growth in existing business in the group universal life product. Net investment income increased by $74 million, or 1%, to $11,329 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $11,255 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is primarily attributable to increases of (i) $61 million, or 1%, in income from ﬁxed maturities, (ii) $54 million, or 12%, in income from real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment, net of investment expenses and depreciation, (iii) $35 million, or 2%, in income on mortgage loans on real estate, (iv) $7 million, or 1%, in interest income on policy loans, and (v) lower investment expenses of $9 million, or 4%. These variances are partially offset by decreases of (i) $47 million, or 17%, in income on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, (ii) $31 million, or 12%, in income on other invested assets, and (iii) $14 million, or 14%, in income from equity securities and other limited partnership interests. The increase in income from ﬁxed maturities to $8,092 million in 2002 from $8,031 million in 2001 is largely due to a higher asset base, primarily resulting from increased cash ﬂows from sales of insurance and the acquisitions in Mexico and Chile. In addition, securities lending income was higher due to increased activity and a more favorable cost of funds. The increases in income from ﬁxed maturities are partially offset by decreases resulting from lower reinvestment rates and a decline in bond prepayment fees. The increase in income from real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for- investment to $513 million in 2002 from $459 million in 2001 is primarily due to the transfer of the Company’s One Madison Avenue, New York property from a company use property to an investment property in 2002. The increase in income on mortgage loans on real estate to $1,883 million in 2002 from $1,848 million in 2001 is due primarily to a higher asset base from new loan production, partially offset by lower mortgage rates. The increase in interest income from policy loans to $543 million in 2002 from $536 million in 2001 is largely due to increased loans outstanding. The decrease in income from cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments to $232 million in 2002 from $279 million in 2001 is due to declining interest rates coupled with a decrease in the asset base. The decrease in net investment income from other invested assets to $218 million in 2002 from $249 million in 2001 is largely due to lower derivative income, partially offset by an increase in reinsurance contracts’ funds withheld at interest. The decline in income from equity securities and other limited partnership interests to $83 million in 2002 from $97 million in 2001 primarily resulted from lower dividend income from equity securities, partially offset by higher limited corporate partnership distributions. The increase in net investment income is attributable to increases in the International, Individual and Reinsurance segments, partially offset by decreases in Corporate & Other, and the Institutional and Auto & Home segments. A $194 million increase in International is due to a higher asset base resulting from the acquisitions in Mexico and Chile. Individual increased by $71 million primarily due to higher income from securities lending and limited corporate partnership distributions, partially offset by lower bond prepayment fee income. The Reinsurance segment increased $31 million largely resulting from an increase in reinsurance contracts’ funds withheld at interest. The decrease in Corporate & Other of $149 million is due to a lower asset base, resulting from funding International’s acquisitions in Mexico and Chile, as well as the Company’s common stock repurchases, partially offset by higher income from securities lending. Institutional decreased $38 million predominantly as a result of decreased limited partnership, equity-linked note and bond prepayment fee income. Auto & Home decreased $23 million primarily due to lower reinvestment rates. Other revenues decreased by $130 million, or 9%, to $1,377 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,507 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is primarily attributable to decreases in the Individual, Institutional and Asset Management segments, partially offset by an increase in Corporate & Other. Individual decreased by $77 million resulting from lower commission and fee income associated with decreased volume in the broker/dealer and other subsidiaries as a result of the depressed equity markets. A $40 million decrease in Institutional is primarily due to a $73 million reduction in administrative fees as a result of the Company’s exit from the large market 401(k) business in late 2001, as well as lower fees earned on investments in separate accounts resulting generally from poor equity market performance. This reduction is partially offset by a $33 million increase in group insurance due to growth in the administrative service businesses and a settlement received in 2002 related to the Company’s former medical business. A $32 million decrease in Asset Management is primarily due to the sale of Conning in July 2001. These variances were partially offset by an increase of $16 million in Corporate & Other principally due to the sale of a company-occupied building and income earned on corporate-owned life insurance (‘‘COLI’’) purchased during 2002, partially offset by an increase in the elimination of intersegment activity. The Company’s investment gains and losses are net of related policyholder amounts. The amounts netted against investment gains and losses are (i) amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, to the extent that such amortization results from investment gains and losses, (ii) adjustments to participating contractholder accounts when amounts equal to such investment gains and losses are applied to the contractholder’s accounts, and (iii) adjustments to the policyholder dividend obligation resulting from investment gains and losses. Net investment losses increased by $181 million, or 30%, to $784 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $603 million for the comparable 2001 period. This increase reﬂects total investment losses, before offsets, of $929 million (including gross gains of $2,028 million, gross losses of $1,469 million, and writedowns of $1,488 million), an increase of $192 million, or 26%, from $737 million in 2001. Offsets include the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs of ($5) million and ($25) million in 2002 and 2001, respectively, and changes in the policyholder dividend obligation of $157 million and $159 million in 2002 and 2001, respectively, and adjustments to participating contracts of ($7) million in 2002. Refer to ‘‘— Investments’’ beginning on page 26 for a discussion of the Company’s investment portfolio. The Company believes its policy of netting related policyholder amounts against investment gains and losses provides important information in evaluating its performance. Investment gains and losses are often excluded by investors when evaluating the overall ﬁnancial performance of insurers. The Company believes its presentation enables readers to easily exclude investment gains and losses and the related effects on the consolidated statements of income when evaluating its performance. The Company’s presentation of investment gains and losses, net of policyholder amounts, may be different from the presentation used by other insurance companies and, therefore, amounts in its consolidated statements of income may not be comparable to amounts reported by other insurers. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $1,069 million, or 6%, to $19,523 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $18,454 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is attributable to increases in the International, Institutional and Reinsurance segments, partially offset by a decrease in the Auto & Home segment. A $699 million increase in International is primarily due to the acquisition of Hidalgo, the acquisitions in Chile and Brazil, the aforementioned sale of an annuity contract, the restructuring of a Canadian pension contract and business growth in South Korea, Mexico 8 MetLife, Inc. (excluding Hidalgo), Taiwan and Spain. An increase in Institutional of $415 million is commensurate with the growth in premiums as discussed above, largely offset by the establishment of a liability in 2001 related to the September 11, 2001 tragedies and the 2001 fourth quarter business realignment initiatives. An increase in Reinsurance of $70 million is commensurate with the growth in premiums discussed above. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $102 million in the Auto & Home segment. The variance in Auto & Home is largely due to improved claim frequency resulting from milder winter weather, lower catastrophe levels and fewer personal umbrella claims, partially offset by an increase in current year bodily injury and no-fault severities and costs associated with the processing of the New York assigned risk business. Interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by $134 million, or 4%, to $2,950 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $3,084 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is attributable to decreases in the Individual and Institutional segments, partially offset by increases in the International and Reinsurance segments. A $105 million decrease in Individual is primarily due to the establishment in 2001 of a policyholder liability with respect to certain group annuity contracts at New England Financial. Excluding this policyholder liability, interest credited expense increased slightly in response to an increase in policyholder account balances, which is primarily attributable to sales growth despite declines in interest crediting rates. An $81 million decrease in Institutional is primarily due to a decline in average crediting rates resulting from the current interest rate environment. These variances are partially offset by a net increase of $28 million in International. This increase is principally due to the acquisition of Hidalgo, partially offset by a reduction in the number of investment-type policies in-force in Argentina. In addition, a $24 million increase in Reinsurance is primarily due to several new deferred annuity reinsurance agreements executed during 2002. Policyholder dividends decreased by $144 million, or 7%, to $1,942 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $2,086 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is attributable to a decrease in the Institutional segment resulting from unfavorable mortality experience of several large group clients. Institutional policyholder dividends vary from period to period based on participating contract experience, which is recorded in policyholder beneﬁts and claims. Other expenses increased by $39 million, or 1%, to $7,061 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $7,022 million for the comparable 2001 period. Excluding the capitalization and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, which are discussed below, other expenses increased by $114 million, or 2%, to $7,762 million in 2002 from $7,648 million in 2001. Excluding the capitalization and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and the change in accounting as prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (‘‘SFAS’’) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, (‘‘SFAS 142’’), which eliminates the amortization of goodwill and certain other intangibles, other expenses increased by $161 million. This variance is primarily attributable to increases in the Reinsurance and International segments, as well as in Corporate & Other, partially offset by decreases in the Institutional, Individual and Asset Management segments. A $209 million increase in Reinsurance is primarily attributable to increases in allowances paid, primarily driven by high-allowance business in the U.K. along with strong growth in the U.S. and Asia/Paciﬁc regions. An increase of $166 million in International expenses is primarily due to the acquisition of Hidalgo, the acquisitions in Chile and Brazil, as well as business growth in South Korea, Mexico (excluding Hidalgo), and Hong Kong. An increase in Corporate & Other of $112 million is primarily due to increases in legal and interest expenses. The 2002 period includes a $266 million charge to increase the Company’s asbestos-related liability and expenses to cover costs associated with the resolution of federal government investigations of General American’s former Medicare business. These increases are partially offset by a $250 million charge recorded in the fourth quarter of 2001 to cover costs associated with the resolution of class action lawsuits and a regulatory inquiry pending against Metropolitan Life involving alleged race-conscious insurance underwriting practices prior to 1973. The increase in interest expenses is primarily due to increases in long-term debt resulting from the issuance of $1.25 billion and $1 billion of senior debt in November 2001 and December 2002, respectively, partially offset by a decrease in commercial paper in 2002. In addition, a decrease in the elimination of intersegment activity contributed to the variance. A decrease of $181 million in Institutional is due to higher expenses resulting from the business realignment initiatives accrual in the fourth quarter 2001 (primarily the Company’s exit from the large market 401(k) business), $30 million of which was released into income in the fourth quarter of 2002. This decrease is partially offset by an increase in 2002 operational expenses for dental and disability and group insurance’s non-deferrable expenses commensurate with the aforementioned premium growth, as well as higher pension and post-retirement beneﬁt expenses. A decrease of $105 million in Individual is due to continued expense management initiatives, including reduced compensation-related expenses, a decline in business realignment expenses that were incurred in 2001 and reductions in volume-related commission expenses in the broker/dealer and other subsidiaries. These declines are partially offset by higher pension and post-retirement beneﬁt expenses and an increase in expenses stemming from sales growth in new annuity and investment-type products. In addition, a decrease of $39 million in Asset Management is primarily due to the sale of Conning in July 2001. Primarily as a result of changes in expected rate of return and discount rate assumptions effective for 2003, the Company currently anticipates its pension expense will increase by approximately $115 million, net of income tax, for the year ending December 31, 2003 from the comparable 2002 period. Deferred policy acquisition costs are principally amortized in proportion to gross margins and proﬁts, including investment gains or losses. The amortization is allocated to investment gains and losses to provide consolidated statement of income information regarding the impact of investment gains and losses on the amount of the amortization, and other expenses to provide amounts related to gross margins and proﬁts originating from transactions other than investment gains and losses. Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased by $301 million, or 15%, to $2,340 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $2,039 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is primarily due to increases in the Reinsurance, Individual, International and Institutional segments. A $125 million increase in Reinsurance is commensurate with the increase in allowances paid. A $111 million increase in Individual is due to higher sales of annuity and investment-type products, resulting in higher commissions and other deferrable expenses. A $51 million increase in International is primarily due to the 2002 acquisition of Hidalgo and overall business growth in South Korea, partially offset by a decrease in Argentina due to the reduction in business caused by the overall economic environment. A $22 million increase in Institutional is primarily due to growth in sales commissions and fees for disability products sold by Institutional. Total amortization of deferred policy acquisitions costs increased by $206 million, or 14%, to $1,644 million in 2002 from $1,438 million in 2001. Amortization of $1,639 million and $1,413 million are allocated to other expenses in 2002 and 2001, respectively, while the remainder of the amortization in each period is allocated to investment gains and losses. The increase in amortization allocated to other expenses is attributable to increases in the Individual, International and Reinsurance segments. An increase of $111 million in Individual is due to the impact of the depressed equity markets and changes in the estimates of future gross proﬁts. In 2002, estimates of future dividend scales, future maintenance expenses, future rider margins, and future reinsurance recoveries were revised. In 2001, estimates of future ﬁxed account interest spreads, future gross margins and proﬁts related to separate accounts and future mortality margins were revised. An increase in International of $64 million is primarily due to loss recognition in Argentina as a result of the economic environment, primarily the devaluation of its currency. The remaining increase was due to new business in South Korea, Taiwan, and the June 2002 acquisition of Hidalgo. An increase in Reinsurance of $55 million is due to growth in the business, commensurate with the growth in premiums described above. MetLife, Inc. 9 Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $516 million, or 31% of income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes, compared with $227 million, or 37%, for the comparable 2001 period. The 2002 effective tax rate differs from the federal corporate tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of non-taxable investment income. The 2001 effective tax rate differs from the federal corporate tax rate of 35%, due to an increase in prior year income taxes on capital gains. In accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (‘‘SFAS 144’’), income related to the Company’s real estate which was identiﬁed as held-for-sale on or after January 1, 2002 is presented as discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. The income from discontinued operations is comprised of net investment income and net investment gains related to 47 properties that the Company began marketing for sale on or after January 1, 2002. For the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company recognized $582 million of net investment gains from discontinued operations due primarily to the sale of 36 properties. Year ended December 31, 2001 compared with the year ended December 31, 2000 — The Company Premiums grew by $895 million, or 5%, to $17,212 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $16,317 for the comparable 2000 period. This variance is attributable to increases in the Institutional, Reinsurance, International and Auto & Home segments, partially offset by a decrease in the Individual segment. An improvement of $388 million in the Institutional segment is predominantly the result of sales growth and continued favorable policyholder retention in this segment’s dental, disability and long-term care businesses. In addition, signiﬁcant premiums received from several existing group life customers in 2001 and the BMA acquisition in 2000 resulted in higher premiums. The 2000 balance includes $124 million in additional insurance coverages purchased by existing customers with funds received in the demutualization and signiﬁcant premiums received from existing retirement and savings customers. New premiums from facultative and automatic treaties and renewal premiums on existing blocks of business all contributed to the $312 million premium growth in the Reinsurance segment. A $186 million rise in the International segment is due to growth in Mexico, South Korea, Spain and Taiwan, as well as acquisitions in Brazil and Chile. These variances were partially offset by a decline in Argentinean individual life premiums, reﬂecting the impact of economic and political events in that country. Higher average premium resulting from rate increases is the primary driver of a $119 million rise in the Auto & Home segment. A $110 million decline in the Individual segment is attributable to lower sales of traditional life insurance policies, which reﬂects a continued shift in customer preference from those policies to variable life products. Universal life and investment-type product policy fees increased by $69 million, or 4%, to $1,889 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,820 million for the comparable 2000 period. This variance is due to increases in the Institutional and Individual segments, partially offset by a decline in the International segment. Growth in sales and deposits of group universal life and COLI products resulted in a $45 million increase in the Institutional segment. A $39 million rise in the Individual segment is predominantly the result of higher fees from variable life products reﬂecting a shift in customer preferences from traditional life products. A decrease of $15 million in the International segment is primarily due to reduced fees in Spain resulting from fewer assets under management. This is a result of a planned cessation of product lines offered through a joint venture with Banco Santander. Net investment income increased by $231 million, or 2%, to $11,255 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $11,024 million for the comparable 2000 period. This change is due to higher income from (i) mortgage loans on real estate of $155 million, or 9%, (ii) ﬁxed maturities of $116 million, or 1%, (iii) other invested assets of $87 million, or 54%, and (iv) interest income on policy loans of $21 million, or 4%. These positive variances are partially offset by lower income from (i) equity securities and other limited partnership interests of $86 million, or 47%, (ii) real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment, net of investment expenses and depreciation, of $49 million, or 10%, (iii) cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $9 million, or 3%, and (iv) higher investment expenses of $4 million, or 2%. The increase in income from mortgage loans on real estate to $1,848 million in 2001 from $1,693 million in 2000 is predominantly the result of higher mortgage production volume and increases in mortgage prepayment fees and contingent interest. The improvement in income from ﬁxed maturities to $8,031 million in 2001 from $7,915 million in 2000 is primarily due to bond prepayments and increased securities lending activity, offset by lower yields on reinvestments. Income from other invested assets increased to $249 million in 2001 from $162 million in 2000 primarily due to the reclassiﬁcation of $19 million from other comprehensive income related to cash ﬂow hedges, $24 million from derivatives not designated as accounting hedges and the recognition in 2000 of a $20 million loss on an equity method investment. The increase in interest income from policy loans to $536 million in 2001 from $515 million in 2000 is largely due to increased loans outstanding. The reduction of income from equity securities and other limited partnership interests to $97 million in 2001 from $183 million in 2000 is primarily due to fewer sales of underlying assets held in corporate partnerships and increased partnership write-downs. The decrease in income from real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment to $459 million in 2001 from $508 million in 2000 is primarily due to a decline in hotel occupancy rates and reduced real estate joint venture sales. The increase in net investment income is largely attributable to positive variances in the Institutional and Individual segments, partially offset by a decline in Corporate & Other. Net investment income for the Institutional and Individual segments grew by $254 million and $80 million, respectively. These increases are predominately due to a higher volume of securities lending activity, increases in bond and mortgage prepayments and higher contingent interest on mortgages. The decrease in Corporate & Other is principally the result of sales in 2000 of underlying assets held in corporate limited partnerships. The remainder of the variance is attributable to smaller ﬂuctuations in the other segments. Other revenues decreased by $722 million, or 32%, to $1,507 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $2,229 million for the comparable 2000 period. This variance is mainly attributable to reductions in the Asset Management, Individual and Auto & Home segments, partially offset by an increase in the Reinsurance segment. The sales of Nvest and Conning in October 2000 and July 2001, respectively, are the primarily drivers of a $562 million decline in the Asset Management segment. A decrease of $155 million in the Individual segment is primarily due to reduced commission and fee income associated with lower sales in the broker/dealer and other subsidiaries which was a result of the equity market downturn. Such commission and fee income can ﬂuctuate consistent with movements in the equity market. Auto & Home’s other revenues are lower by $18 million primarily due to a revision of an estimate made in 2000 of amounts recoverable from reinsurers related to the disposition of this segment’s reinsurance business in 1990. Other revenues in the Reinsurance segment improved by $13 million due to an increase in fees earned on ﬁnancial reinsurance, primarily as a result of the acquisition of the remaining interest in RGA Financial Group, LLC during the second half of 2000. The Company’s investment gains and losses are net of related policyholder amounts. The amounts netted against investment gains and losses are (i) amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, to the extent that such amortization results from investment gains and losses, (ii) additions to participating contractholder accounts when amounts equal to such investment gains and losses are credited to the contractholder’s accounts, and (iii) adjustments to the policyholder dividend obligation resulting from investment gains and losses. Net investment losses grew by $213 million, or 55%, to $603 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $390 million for the comparable 2000 period. This increase reﬂects total investment losses, before offsets, of $737 million, an increase of $293 million, or 66%, from $444 million in 2000. Offsets include the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs of ($25) million and $95 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively; changes in 10 MetLife, Inc. policyholder dividend obligation of $159 million and $85 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively; and additions to participating contracts of ($126) million in 2000. Excluding the net gain on the sale of a subsidiary, net investment losses decreased from the prior year. The Company recognized deteriorating credits through the proactive sale of certain assets. The Company believes its policy of netting related policyholder amounts against investment gains and losses provides important information in evaluating its operating performance. Investment gains and losses are often excluded by investors when evaluating the overall ﬁnancial performance of insurers. The Company believes its presentation enables readers of its consolidated statements of income to easily exclude investment gains and losses and the related effects on the consolidated statements of income when evaluating its operating performance. The Company’s presentation of investment gains and losses, net of related policyholder amounts, may be different from the presentation used by other insurance companies and, therefore, amounts in its consolidated statements of income may not be comparable to amounts reported by other insurers. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims rose by $1,561 million, or 9%, to $18,454 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $16,893 million for the comparable 2000 period. The variance in policyholder beneﬁts and claims is mainly attributable to increases in the Institutional, Reinsurance, Individual, International and Auto & Home segments. Claims related to the September 11, 2001 tragedies and fourth quarter business realignment initiatives account for $291 million and $215 million, respectively, of a $746 million increase in the Institutional segment. The remainder of the ﬂuctuation is attributable to growth in the group life, dental, disability and long-term care insurance businesses, commensurate with the variance in premiums, partially offset by a decrease in policyholder beneﬁts and claims related to the retirement and savings business. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims for the Reinsurance segment rose by $388 million due to unfavorable mortality experience in the ﬁrst and fourth quarters of 2001, as well as adverse results on the reinsurance of Argentine pension business, reﬂecting the impact of economic and political events in that country. In addition, reinsurance claims arising from the September 11, 2001 tragedies of approximately $16 million, net of amounts recoverable from reinsurers, contributed to the variance. A $179 million rise in the Individual segment is primarily the result of an increase in the liabilities for future policy beneﬁts commensurate with the aging of the in-force block of business. In addition, an increase of $74 million in the policyholder dividend obligation and $24 million in liabilities and claims associated with the September 11, 2001 tragedies contributed to the variance. International policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $127 million as a result of growth in Mexico, South Korea and Taiwan, as well as acquisitions in Brazil and Chile. These ﬂuctuations are partially offset by a decline in Argentina, reﬂecting the impact of economic and political events in that country. A $116 million increase in the Auto & Home segment is predominantly the result of increased average claim costs, growth in the auto business and increased non-catastrophe weather-related losses. Interest credited to policyholder account balances grew by $149 million, or 5%, to $3,084 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $2,935 million for the comparable 2000 period, primarily due to an increase of $218 million in the Individual segment, partially offset by a $77 million reduction in the Institutional segment. The establishment of a policyholder liability of $118 million with respect to certain group annuity contracts at New England Financial is the primary driver of the ﬂuctuation in Individual. In addition, higher average policyholder account balances and slightly increased crediting rates contributed to the variance. The decrease in the Institutional segment is primarily due to an overall decline in crediting rates in 2001 as a result of the low interest rate environment, partially offset by an increase in average customer account balances stemming from asset growth. The remaining variance is due to minor ﬂuctuations in the Reinsurance and International segments. Policyholder dividends increased by $167 million, or 9%, to $2,086 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,919 million for the comparable 2000 period, primarily due to increases of $135 million and $25 million in the Institutional and Individual segments, respectively. The rise in the Institutional segment is primarily attributed to favorable experience on a large group life contract in 2001. Policyholder dividends vary from period to period based on participating contract experience, which is recorded in policyholder beneﬁts and claims. The change in the Individual segment reﬂects growth in the assets supporting policies associated with this segment’s aging block of traditional life insurance business. The remaining variance is due to minor ﬂuctuations in the International and Reinsurance segments. Payments of $327 million were made during the second quarter of 2000, as part of Metropolitan Life’s demutualization, to holders of certain policies transferred to Clarica Life Insurance Company in connection with the sale of a substantial portion of the Canadian operations in 1998. Demutualization costs of $230 million were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2000. These costs are related to Metropolitan Life’s demutualization on April 7, 2000. Other expenses decreased by $379 million, or 5%, to $7,022 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $7,401 million for the comparable 2000 period. Excluding the capitalization and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, which are discussed below, other expenses declined by $138 million, or 2%, to $7,648 million in 2001 from $7,786 million in 2000. This variance is attributable to reductions in the Asset Management, Individual and Auto & Home segments, partially offset by increases in the other segments. A decrease of $532 million in the Asset Management segment is predominantly the result of the sales of Nvest and Conning in October 2000 and July 2001, respectively. The Individual segment’s expenses declined by $121 million due to continued expense management, primarily due to reduced employee costs and lower discretionary spending. In addition, there were reductions in volume-related commission expenses in the broker/dealer and other subsidiaries. These items are partially offset by an increase of $97 million related to fourth quarter 2001 business realignment initiatives. A $34 million decrease in Auto & Home is attributable to a reduction in integration costs associated with the acquisition of the standard personal lines property and casualty insurance operations of The St. Paul Companies in September 1999 (‘‘St. Paul acquisition’’). An increase of $287 million in Institutional expenses is primarily driven by expenses associated with fourth quarter business realignment initiatives of $184 million and a rise in non-deferrable variable expenses associated with premium growth in the group insurance businesses. Non-deferrable variable expenses include premium tax, commissions and administrative expenses for dental, disability and long- term care businesses. Other expenses in Corporate & Other grew by $198 million primarily due to a $250 million race-conscious underwriting loss provision which was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2001, additional expenses associated with MetLife, Inc. shareholder services costs and start-up costs relating to MetLife’s banking initiatives, as well as a decrease in the elimination of intersegment activity. These increases are partially offset by a decline in interest expense due to reduced average levels in borrowing and a lower interest rate environment in 2001. An increase of $43 million in the International segment is predominantly the result of growth in Mexico and South Korea, and acquisitions in Brazil and Chile, partially offset by a decrease in Spain’s other expenses due to a planned cessation of product lines offered through a joint venture with Banco Santander. The acquisition of the remaining interest in RGA Financial Group, LLC during the second half of 2000 contributed to the $20 million increase in other expenses in the Reinsurance segment. Deferred policy acquisition costs are principally amortized in proportion to gross margins or proﬁts, including investment gains or losses. The amortization is allocated to investment gains and losses to provide consolidated statement of income information regarding the impact of investment gains and losses on the amount of the amortization, and other expenses to provide amounts related to gross margins or proﬁts originating from transactions other than investment gains and losses. MetLife, Inc. 11 Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased to $2,039 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,863 million for the comparable 2000 period. This variance is attributable to increases in the Individual, Reinsurance, Institutional and International segments. The growth in the Individual segment is primarily due to higher sales of variable and universal life insurance policies and annuity and investment-type products, resulting in additional commissions and other deferrable expenses. The increases in the Reinsurance, Institutional and International segments are commensurate with growth in those businesses. Total amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased to $1,438 million in 2001 from $1,383 million in 2000. Amortization of $1,413 million and $1,478 million are allocated to other expenses in 2001 and 2000, respectively, while the remainder of the amortization in each year is allocated to investment gains and losses. The decrease in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs allocated to other expenses is attributable to a decline in the Individual segment, partially offset by increases in the Reinsurance and International segments. The decline in the Individual segment is due to changes in the estimates of future gross margins and proﬁts. Contributing to this variance are modiﬁcations made in the third quarter of 2001 relating to the manner in which estimates of future market performance are developed. These estimates are used in determining unamortized deferred policy acquisition costs balances and the amount of related amortization. The modiﬁcation will reﬂect an expected impact of past market performance on future market performance, as well as improving the ability to estimate deferred policy acquisition costs balances and related amortization. The increase in the Reinsurance segment is primarily due to ﬂuctuations in allowances paid to ceding companies as a result of a change in product mix. The increase in the International segment is due to a write-off of deferred policy acquisition costs as a result of the economic and political events in Argentina. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2001 was $227 million, or 37%, of income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes, compared with $421 million, or 33%, for the comparable 2000 period. The 2001 effective tax rate differs from the federal corporate tax rate of 35% due to an increase in prior year income taxes on capital gains. The 2000 effective tax rate differs from the federal corporate tax rate of 35% primarily due to the payments made in the second quarter of 2000 to former Canadian policyholders in connection with the demutualization, the impact of surplus tax and a reduction in prior year income taxes on capital gains recorded in the third quarter of 2000. This reduction is associated with the previous sale of a business. Prior to its demutualization, the Company was subject to surplus tax imposed on mutual life insurance companies under Section 809 of the Internal Revenue Code. The surplus tax results from the disallowance of a portion of a mutual life insurance company’s policyholder dividends as a deduction from taxable income. In accordance with SFAS No. 144, income related to the Company’s real estate which was identiﬁed as held-for-sale on or after January 1, 2002 is presented as discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. The income from discontinued operations is comprised of net investment income related to 47 properties that the Company began marketing for sale on or after January 1, 2002. Individual The following table presents consolidated ﬁnancial information for the Individual segment for the years indicated: Revenues Premiums*********************************************************************** Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ********************************** Net investment income *********************************************************** Other revenues ****************************************************************** Net investment (losses) gains ****************************************************** Total revenues *************************************************************** Expenses Policyholder beneﬁts and claims **************************************************** Interest credited to policyholder account balances ************************************* Policyholder dividends ************************************************************ Other expenses ***************************************************************** Total expenses ************************************************************** Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes ********************* Provision for income taxes********************************************************* Income from continuing operations************************************************** Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes****************************** Net income ********************************************************************* Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) $ 4,507 1,380 6,259 418 (164) $ 4,563 1,260 6,188 495 827 $ 4,673 1,221 6,108 650 227 12,400 13,333 12,879 5,220 1,793 1,770 2,629 5,233 1,898 1,767 2,747 5,054 1,680 1,742 3,012 11,412 11,645 11,488 988 363 625 201 826 $ 1,688 631 1,057 38 $ 1,095 $ 1,391 507 884 36 920 Year ended December 31, 2002 compared with the year ended December 31, 2001—Individual Premiums decreased by $56 million, or 1%, to $4,507 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $4,563 million for the comparable 2001 period. Premiums from insurance products decreased by $94 million, primarily resulting from a third quarter 2002 amendment of a reinsurance agreement to increase the amount of insurance ceded from 50% to 100%. This amendment was effective January 1, 2002. The Company also believes the decline is the result of a continued shift in policyholders’ preference from traditional policies to annuity and investment-type products. These decreases are partially offset by policyholders expanding their traditional life insurance coverage through the purchase of additional insurance with dividend proceeds in 2002. Premiums from annuity products increased by $38 million as a result of higher sales of ﬁxed annuities and supplementary contracts with life contingencies. Universal life and investment-type product policy fees increased by $120 million, or 10%, to $1,380 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,260 million for the comparable 2001 period. Policy fees from insurance products increased by $145 million primarily due to higher revenue from insurance fees, which increase as the average separate account asset base supporting the underlying minimum death beneﬁt declines. The average separate account asset base has declined in response to poor equity market performance. Additionally, this variance reﬂects the acceleration of the recognition of unearned fees associated with future reinsurance recoveries. Policy fees from annuity and investment-type products decreased by $25 million primarily due to declines in the average separate account asset base resulting generally from poor equity market performance, partially offset 12 MetLife, Inc. by an increase in fees resulting from growth in annuity deposits. Policy fees from annuity and investment-type products are typically calculated as a percentage of average separate account assets. Such assets can ﬂuctuate depending on equity market performance. If average separate account asset levels continue to decline, management expects that policy fees from annuity and investment-type products will continue to be adversely impacted, while revenues from insurance fees on variable life products would be expected to rise. Other revenues decreased by $77 million, or 16%, to $418 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $495 million for the comparable 2001 period, largely due to lower commission and fee income associated with a volume decline in the broker/dealer and other subsidiaries which is principally due to the depressed equity markets. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims decreased by $13 million, or less than 1%, to $5,220 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $5,233 million for the comparable 2001 period. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims for insurance products decreased by $119 million, primarily due to the impact of the aforementioned reinsurance transaction and the establishment of liabilities for the September 11, 2001 tragedies in the previous year. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims for annuity and investment-type products increased by $106 million primarily due to an increase in ﬁxed and immediate annuity liabilities, resulting from business growth and an increase in the liability associated with guaranteed minimum death beneﬁts on variable annuities. Interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by $105 million, or 6%, to $1,793 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 compared with $1,898 for the comparable 2001 period. This decrease was primarily due to the establishment of a $118 million policyholder liability with respect to certain group annuity contracts at New England Financial in 2001. Excluding this policyholder liability, interest credited increased slightly due to an increase in policyholder account balances which is primarily attributable to sales growth partially offset by declines in interest crediting rates. Policyholder dividends increased by $3 million, or less than 1%, to $1,770 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,767 million for the comparable 2001 period due to the increase in the invested assets supporting the policies associated with this segment’s large block of traditional life insurance business. This increase is partially offset by the approval by the Company’s Board of Directors in the fourth quarter of 2002 of a reduction in the dividend scale to reﬂect the impact of the current low interest rate environment on the asset portfolios supporting these policies. Other expenses decreased by $118 million, or 4%, to $2,629 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 million from $2,747 for the comparable 2001 period. Excluding the capitalization and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, which are discussed below, other expenses decreased by $118 million, or 4%, to $2,922 million in 2002 from $3,040 million in 2001. Other expenses related to insurance products decreased by $129 million, which is attributable to continued expense management, reductions in volume-related commission expenses in the broker/dealer and other subsidiaries and a reduction of $62 million related to business realignment expenses incurred in 2001. These decreases are partially offset by increased pension and post-retirement beneﬁt expenses over the comparable period. Other expenses related to annuity and investment-type products increased by $11 million. This increase is commensurate with the rise in sales of new annuity and investment-type products as well as increased pension and post-retirement beneﬁt expenses. This increase is partially offset by the reduction of $37 million of business realignment expenses incurred in 2001. Deferred policy acquisition costs are principally amortized in proportion to gross margins or gross proﬁts, including investment gains or losses. The amortization is allocated to investment gains and losses to provide consolidated statement of income information regarding the impact of investment gains and losses on the amount of the amortization, and other expenses to provide amounts related to gross margins or proﬁts originating from transactions other than investment gains and losses. Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased by $111 million, or 12%, to $1,037 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $926 million for the comparable 2001 period due to higher sales of annuity and investment-type products, resulting in higher commissions and other deferrable expenses. Total amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased by $100 million, or 15%, to $754 million in 2002 from $654 million in 2001. Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs of $744 million and $633 million is allocated to other expenses in 2002 and 2001, respectively, while the remainder of the amortization in each year is allocated to investment gains and losses. Increases in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs allocated to other expenses of $84 million and $27 million related to insurance products and annuity and investment-type products, respectively, are due to the impact of the depressed equity markets and changes in the estimates of future gross proﬁts. In 2002, estimates of future dividend scales, future maintenance expenses, future rider margins, and future reinsurance recoveries were revised. In 2001, estimates of future ﬁxed account interest spreads, future gross margins and proﬁts related to separate accounts and future mortality margins were revised. Year ended December 31, 2001 compared with the year ended December 31, 2000—Individual Premiums decreased by $110 million, or 2%, to $4,563 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $4,673 million for the comparable 2000 period. Premiums from insurance products declined by $108 million. This decrease is primarily due to declines in traditional life insurance policies, which reﬂects a maturing of that business and a continued shift in customer preference from those policies to variable life products. Premiums from annuity products declined by $2 million, due to lower sales of supplementary contracts with life contingencies and single premium immediate annuity business. Universal life and investment-type product policy fees increased by $39 million, or 3%, to $1,260 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,221 million for the comparable 2000 period. Policy fees from insurance products rose by $149 million. This growth is primarily due to increases in variable life products reﬂecting a continued shift in customer preferences from traditional life products. Policy fees from annuity and investment-type products decreased by $110 million, primarily resulting from a lower average separate account asset base. Policy fees from annuity and investment-type products are typically calculated as a percentage of average assets. Such assets can ﬂuctuate depending on equity market performance. Thus, the amount of fees can increase or decrease consistent with movements in average separate account balances. Other revenues decreased by $155 million, or 24%, to $495 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $650 million for the comparable 2000 period, primarily due to reduced commission and fee income associated with lower sales in the broker/dealer and other subsidiaries, which was a result of the equity market downturn. Such commission and fee income can ﬂuctuate consistent with movements in the equity market. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $179 million, or 4%, to $5,233 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $5,054 million for the comparable 2000 period. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims for insurance products rose by $192 million primarily due to increases in the liabilities for future policy beneﬁts commensurate with the aging of the in-force block of business. In addition, increases of $74 million and $24 million in the policyholder dividend obligation and liabilities and claims associated with the September 11, 2001 tragedies, respectively, contributed to the variance. Partially offsetting these variances is a reduction in policyholder beneﬁts and claims for annuity and investment-type products due to a decrease in liabilities for supplemental contracts with life contingencies. Interest credited to policyholder account balances rose by $218 million, or 13%, to $1,898 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,680 million for the comparable 2000 period. Interest on insurance products increased by $165 million, primarily due to the establishment of a policyholder liability of $118 million with respect to certain group annuity contracts at New England Financial. The remainder of the variance is predominantly a result of higher average policyholder account balances. Interest on annuity and investment-type products grew by $53 million due to MetLife, Inc. 13 slightly higher crediting rates and higher policyholder account balances stemming from increased sales, including products with a dollar cost averaging- type feature. Policyholder dividends increased by $25 million, or 1%, to $1,767 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,742 million for the comparable 2000 period. This is largely attributable to the growth in the assets supporting policies associated with this segment’s aging block of traditional life insurance business. Other expenses decreased by $265 million, or 9%, to $2,747 for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $3,012 million for the comparable 2000 period. Excluding the capitalization and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs that are discussed below, other expenses are lower by $121 million, or 4%, to $3,040 million in 2001 from $3,161 million in 2000. Other expenses related to insurance products decreased by $158 million due to continued expense management, primarily due to reduced employee costs and lower discretionary spending. In addition, there were reductions in volume-related commission expenses in the broker/dealer and other subsidiaries. These decreases are partially offset by an increase of $62 million related to fourth quarter 2001 business realignment initiatives. The annuity and investment-type products experienced an increase in other expenses of $37 million primarily due to expenses associated with the business realignment initiatives. Deferred policy acquisition costs are principally amortized in proportion to gross margins and proﬁts, including investment gains or losses. The amortization is allocated to investment gains and losses to provide consolidated statement of income information regarding the impact of investment gains and losses on the amount of the amortization, and to other expenses to provide amounts related to gross margins and proﬁts originating from transactions other than investment gains and losses. Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased by $54 million, or 6%, to $926 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $872 million for the comparable 2000 period. This increase is primarily due to higher sales of variable and universal life insurance policies and annuity and investment-type products, resulting in higher commissions and other deferrable expenses. Total amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased by $26 million, or 4%, to $654 million in 2001 from $628 million in 2000. Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs of $633 million and $723 million is allocated to other expenses in 2001 and 2000, respectively, while the remainder of the amortization in each year is allocated to investment gains and losses. Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs allocated to other expenses related to insurance products declined by $48 million due to changes in the estimate of future gross margins and proﬁts. Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs allocated to other expenses related to annuity and investment products declined by $42 million due to changes in the estimate of future gross proﬁts. Contributing to this variance are modiﬁcations made in the third quarter of 2001 relating to the manner in which estimates of future market performance are developed. These estimates are used in determining unamortized deferred policy acquisition costs balances and the amount of related amortization. The modiﬁcation reﬂects an expected impact of past market performance on future market performance, and improves the ability to estimate deferred policy acquisition costs balances and related amortization. Institutional The following table presents consolidated ﬁnancial information for the Institutional segment for the years indicated: Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Revenues Premiums************************************************************************ $ 8,254 Universal life and investment-type product policy fees *********************************** 615 Net investment income ************************************************************ 3,928 Other revenues ******************************************************************* 609 Net investment losses ************************************************************* (506) Total revenues **************************************************************** 12,900 Expenses Policyholder beneﬁts and claims ***************************************************** Interest credited to policyholder account balances ************************************** Policyholder dividends ************************************************************* Other expenses ****************************************************************** Total expenses *************************************************************** Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes ********************** Provision for income taxes********************************************************** Income from continuing operations*************************************************** Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes******************************* Net income ********************************************************************** $ 9,339 932 115 1,531 11,917 983 347 636 123 759 $ 7,288 592 3,966 649 (15) $ 6,900 547 3,712 650 (475) 12,480 11,334 8,924 1,013 259 1,746 8,178 1,090 124 1,514 11,942 10,906 538 179 359 23 382 428 142 286 21 307 $ $ Year ended December 31, 2002 compared with the year ended December 31, 2001—Institutional Premiums increased by $966 million, or 13%, to $8,254 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $7,288 million for the comparable 2001 period. Group insurance premiums increased by $505 million as a result of growth in this segment’s group life, dental, disability and long-term care businesses. Retirement and savings premiums increased by $461 million primarily due to the sale of a signiﬁcant contract in the second quarter of 2002, as well as new sales throughout 2002 from structured settlements and traditional annuity products. Retirement and savings premium levels are signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by large transactions and, as a result, can ﬂuctuate from period to period. Universal life and investment-type product policy fees increased by $23 million, or 4%, to $615 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $592 million for the comparable 2001 period. This increase is primarily attributable to a fee resulting from the renegotiation of a portion of a bank-owned life insurance contract, as well as growth in existing business in the group universal life product line. Other revenues decreased by $40 million, or 6%, to $609 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $649 million for the comparable 2001 period. Retirement and savings other revenues decreased $73 million primarily due to a reduction in administrative fees as a result of the Company’s exit from the large market 401(k) business in late 2001, and lower fees earned on investments in separate accounts resulting generally from poor equity 14 MetLife, Inc. market performance. This decrease is partially offset by a $33 million increase in group insurance due to growth in the administrative service businesses and a settlement received in 2002 related to the Company’s former medical business. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $415 million, or 5%, to $9,339 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $8,924 million for the comparable 2001 period. This variance is attributable to increases of $238 million and $177 million in group insurance and retirement and savings, respectively. Excluding $291 million of 2001 claims related to the September 11, 2001 tragedies, group insurance policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $529 million commensurate with the aforementioned premium growth in this segment’s group life, dental, disability, and long-term care businesses. Excluding $215 million of 2001 policyholder beneﬁts related to the fourth quarter 2001 business realignment initiatives, retirement and savings policyholder beneﬁts increased $392 million, commensurate with the aforementioned premium growth. Interest credited to policyholders decreased by $81 million, or 8%, to $932 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,013 million for the comparable 2001 period. Decreases of $42 million and $39 million in retirement and savings and group insurance, respectively, are primarily attributable to declines in the average crediting rates in 2002 as a result of the current low interest rate environment. Policyholder dividends decreased by $144 million, or 56%, to $115 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $259 million for the comparable 2001 period. This decline is largely attributable to unfavorable mortality experience of several large group clients. Policyholder dividends vary from period to period based on participating contract experience, which are generally recorded in policyholder beneﬁts and claims. Other expenses decreased by $215 million, or 12%, to $1,531 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,746 million in the comparable 2001 period. Retirement and savings decreased by $293 million, primarily attributable to $184 million of accrued expenses related to business realignment initiatives recorded in the fourth quarter of 2001 (predominantly related to the Company’s exit from the large market 401(k) business), $30 million of which was released into income in the fourth quarter of 2002. In addition, ongoing expenses for the deﬁned contribution product have steadily decreased throughout 2002. The net reduction in retirement and savings is partially offset by an increase in pension and post-retirement costs. Group insurance other expenses increased by $78 million. This increase is mainly attributable to growth in operational expenses for the dental and disability products, as well as group insurance’s non-deferrable expenses, including a certain portion of premium taxes and commissions. These variances are commensurate with the aforementioned premium growth. In addition, an increase in pension and post-retirement costs contributed to the variance. Year ended December 31, 2001 compared with the year ended December 31, 2000—Institutional Premiums increased by $388 million, or 6%, to $7,288 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $6,900 million for the comparable 2000 period. Group insurance premiums grew by $680 million, due, in most part, to sales growth and continued favorable policyholder retention in this segment’s dental, disability and long-term care businesses. In addition, premiums received from several existing group life customers in 2001 and the BMA acquisition contributed $173 million and $29 million, respectively, to this variance. The 2000 balance includes $124 million in additional insurance coverages purchased by existing customers with funds received in the demutualization. Retirement and savings premiums decreased by $292 million, primarily as a result of $270 million in premiums received in 2000 from existing customers. Universal life and investment-type product policy fees increased by $45 million, or 8%, to $592 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $547 million for the comparable 2000 period. The rise in fees reﬂects growth in sales and deposits in group universal life and COLI products. Higher fees in group universal life products represent an increase in insured lives for an existing customer, coupled with a change in a customer preference for group life over optional term products. The increase in corporate-owned life insurance represents a $27 million fee received in 2001 from an existing customer. Other revenues decreased by $1 million to $649 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $650 million for the comparable 2000 period. Group insurance other revenues decreased by $19 million. This decline is primarily attributable to the renegotiation of an existing contract with a signiﬁcant long-term care customer, as well as $20 million in ﬁnal settlements in 2000 on several cases relating to the term life and former medical business. This variance is partially offset by a rise in other revenues stemming from sales growth in this segment’s dental and disability administrative businesses. Retirement and savings’ other revenues increased by $18 million, due to $12 million in earnings on seed money and an increase in administrative services fees for the deﬁned contribution group businesses. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $746 million, or 9%, to $8,924 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $8,178 million for the comparable 2000 period. Group insurance policyholder beneﬁts and claims grew by $778 million, primarily due to growth in this segment’s group life, dental, disability and long-term care insurance businesses, commensurate with the premium variance discussed above. In addition, $291 million in claims related to the September 11, 2001 tragedies contributed to this variance. Retirement and savings policyholder beneﬁts and claims declined by $32 million. A decrease commensurate with the $292 million premium variance discussed above is almost entirely offset by a $215 million increase in policyholder beneﬁts associated with fourth quarter 2001 business realignment initiatives. Interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by $77 million, or 7%, to $1,013 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,090 million for the comparable 2000 period. Retirement and savings decreased by $53 million, or 9%, to $549 million in 2001 from $602 million in 2000, due to a overall decline in crediting rates in 2001 as a result of the low interest rate environment. A $24 million drop in group life is largely attributable to an overall decline in crediting rates in 2001 as a result of the low interest rate environment. The variance in group life was partially dampened by an increase in average customer account balances stemming from asset growth, resulting in $12 million in additional interest credited. Policyholder dividends increased by $135 million, or 109%, to $259 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $124 million for the comparable 2000 period. The rise in dividends is primarily attributed to favorable experience on a large group life contract in 2001. Policyholder dividends vary from period to period based on insurance contract experience, which are generally recorded in policyholder beneﬁts and claims. Other expenses increased by $232 million, or 15%, to $1,746 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,514 million for the comparable 2000 period. Other expenses related to retirement and savings rose by $121 million, which is largely attributable to $184 million in expenses associated with fourth quarter 2001 business realignment initiatives. This variance is partially offset by a decrease in expenses, due in most part, to expense management initiatives. Group insurance expenses grew by $111 million due primarily to a rise in non-deferrable variable expenses associated with premium growth. Non-deferrable variable expenses include premium tax, commissions and administrative expenses for dental, disability and long- term care businesses. MetLife, Inc. 15 Reinsurance The following table presents consolidated ﬁnancial information for the Reinsurance segment for the years indicated: Revenues Premiums ************************************************************************** Net investment income *************************************************************** Other revenues ********************************************************************* Net investment gains (losses) ********************************************************* Total revenues ****************************************************************** Expenses Policyholder beneﬁts and claims ******************************************************* Interest credited to policyholder account balances **************************************** Policyholder dividends**************************************************************** Other expenses ********************************************************************* Total expenses****************************************************************** Income before provision for income taxes and minority interest****************************** Provision for income taxes ************************************************************ Minority interest ********************************************************************* Net income ************************************************************************ Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) $2,005 421 43 2 $1,762 390 42 (6) $1,450 379 29 (2) 2,471 2,188 1,856 1,554 146 22 547 2,269 202 43 75 1,484 122 24 439 2,069 119 27 52 1,096 109 21 446 1,672 184 48 67 $ 84 $ 40 $ 69 Year ended December 31, 2002 compared with the year ended December 31, 2001—Reinsurance Premiums increased by $243 million, or 14%, to $2,005 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,762 million for the comparable 2001 period. New premiums from facultative and automatic treaties and renewal premiums on existing blocks of business, particularly in the U.S. and U.K. reinsurance operations, all contributed to the premium growth. Premium levels are signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by large transactions and reporting practices of ceding companies and, as a result, can ﬂuctuate from period to period. Other revenues remained essentially unchanged at $43 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 versus $42 million for the comparable 2001 period. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $70 million, or 5%, to $1,554 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,484 million for the comparable 2001 period. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims were 78% of premiums for the year ended December 31, 2002 compared to 84% in the comparable 2001 period. The decrease in policyholder beneﬁts and claims as a percentage of premiums is primarily attributable to higher than expected mortality in the U.S. reinsurance operations during the ﬁrst and fourth quarters of 2001, favorable claims experience in 2002 and the 2001 impact of claims associated with the September 11, 2001 tragedies. In addition, increases in the liabilities for future policyholder beneﬁts and adverse results on the reinsurance of Argentine pension business during 2001 contributed to the decrease. The level of claims may ﬂuctuate from period to period, but exhibits less volatility over the long term. Interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by $24 million, or 20%, to $146 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $122 million for the comparable 2001 period. Contributing to this growth were several new deferred annuity reinsurance agreements executed during 2002. The crediting rate on certain blocks of annuities is based on the performance of the underlying assets. Policyholder dividends were essentially unchanged at $22 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, versus $24 million for the 2001 comparable period. Other expenses increased by $108 million, or 25%, to $547 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $439 million for the comparable 2001 period. The increase in other expenses is primarily attributable to an increase in reinsurance business in the U.K., which is characterized by higher initial reinsurance allowances than those historically experienced in the segment. These expenses ﬂuctuate depending on the mix of the underlying insurance products being reinsured as allowances paid and the related capitalization and amortization can vary signiﬁcantly based on the type of business and the reinsurance treaty. Minority interest reﬂects third-party ownership interests in RGA. Year ended December 31, 2001 compared with the year ended December 31, 2000—Reinsurance Premiums increased by $312 million, or 22%, to $1,762 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,450 million for the comparable 2000 period. New premiums from facultative and automatic treaties and renewal premiums on existing blocks of business all contributed to the premium growth. Premium levels are signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by large transactions and reporting practices of ceding companies and, as a result, can ﬂuctuate from period to period. Other revenues increased by $13 million, or 45%, to $42 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $29 million for the comparable 2000 period. The increase is due to an increase in fees earned on ﬁnancial reinsurance, primarily as a result of the acquisition of RGA Financial Group, LLC during the second half of 2000. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $388 million, or 35%, to $1,484 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $1,096 million for the comparable 2000 period. Claims experience for the year ended December 31, 2001 includes claims arising from the September 11, 2001 tragedies of approximately $16 million, net of amounts recoverable from reinsurers. As a percentage of premiums, policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased to 84% for the year ended December 31, 2001 from 76% for the comparable 2000 period. This increase is attributed primarily to higher than expected mortality in the U.S. reinsurance operations during the ﬁrst and fourth quarters of 2001, in addition to the claims arising from the terrorist attacks. Additionally, increases for beneﬁts and adverse results on the reinsurance of Argentine pension business contributed to the increase. Mortality is expected to vary from period to period, but generally remains fairly constant over the long term. Interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by $13 million, or 12%, to $122 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $109 million for the comparable 2000 period. Interest credited to policyholder account balances relates to amounts credited on deposit-type contracts 16 MetLife, Inc. and certain cash-value contracts. The increase is primarily related to an increase in the underlying account balances due to a new block of single premium deferred annuities reinsured in 2001. Additionally, the crediting rate on certain blocks of annuities is based on the performance of the underlying assets. Therefore, any ﬂuctuations in interest credited related to these blocks are generally offset by a corresponding change in net investment income. Policyholder dividends were essentially unchanged at $24 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 as compared to $21 million for the year ended December 31, 2000. Other expenses decreased by $7 million, or 2%, to $439 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $446 million for the comparable 2000 period. Other expenses, which include underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses, were 20% of segment revenues in 2001 compared with 24% in 2000. This percentage ﬂuctuates depending on the mix of the underlying insurance products being reinsured. Minority interest reﬂects third-party ownership interests in RGA. Auto & Home The following table presents consolidated ﬁnancial information for the Auto & Home segment for the years indicated: Revenues Premiums ************************************************************************** Net investment income *************************************************************** Other revenues ********************************************************************* Net investment losses**************************************************************** Total revenues ****************************************************************** Expenses Policyholder beneﬁts and claims ******************************************************* Other expenses ********************************************************************* Total expenses****************************************************************** Income before provision (beneﬁt) for income taxes **************************************** Provision (beneﬁt) for income taxes ***************************************************** Net income ************************************************************************ Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) $2,828 177 26 (46) $2,755 200 22 (17) $2,636 194 40 (20) 2,985 2,960 2,850 2,019 793 2,812 173 41 $ 132 $ 2,121 800 2,921 39 (2) 41 2,005 827 2,832 18 (12) $ 30 Year ended December 31, 2002 compared with the year ended December 31, 2001—Auto & Home Premiums increased by $73 million, or 3%, to $2,828 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $2,755 million for the comparable 2001 period. Auto and property premiums increased by $66 million and $1 million, respectively, primarily due to increases in average premium earned per policy resulting from rate increases. The impact on premiums from rate increases was partially offset by an expected reduction in retention and a reduction in new business sales. Premiums from other personal lines increased by $6 million. Other revenues increased by $4 million, or 18%, to $26 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $22 million for the comparable 2001 period. This increase was primarily due to income earned on a COLI policy purchased in the second quarter of 2002, as well as higher fees on installment payments. These increases were partially offset by an adjustment to a deferred gain related to the disposition of this segment’s reinsurance business in 1990. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims decreased by $102 million, or 5%, to $2,019 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $2,121 million for the comparable 2001 period. Property policyholder beneﬁts and claims decreased by $120 million due to improved claim frequency, underwriting and agency management actions, and a $41 million reduction in catastrophe losses. Property catastrophes represented 7.4% of the property loss ratio in 2002 compared to 13.5% in 2001. Other policyholder beneﬁts and claims decreased by $10 million due to fewer personal umbrella claims. Fluctuations in these policyholder beneﬁts and claims may not be commensurate with the change in premiums for a given period due to low premium volume and high liability limits. Auto policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $28 million largely due to an increase in current year bodily injury and no-fault severities. Costs associated with the processing of the New York assigned risk business also contributed to this increase. These increases were partially offset by improved claim frequency resulting from milder winter weather, underwriting and agency management actions, as well as lower catastrophe losses. Other expenses decreased by $7 million, or 1%, to $793 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $800 million for the comparable 2001 period. This decrease is primarily due to reduced employee head-count and reduced expenses associated with the consolidation of The St. Paul companies acquired in 1999. These declines are partially offset by an increase in expenses related to the outsourced New York assigned risk business. The effective income tax rates for the year ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 differ from the federal corporate tax rate of 35% due to the impact of non-taxable investment income. Year ended December 31, 2001 compared with the year ended December 31, 2000—Auto & Home Premiums increased by $119 million, or 5%, to $2,755 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $2,636 million for the comparable 2000 period. Auto premiums increased by $99 million. Property premiums increased by $17 million. Both increases were largely due to rate increases. Due to increased rate activity, the retention ratio for the existing business declined from 90% to 89%. Premiums from other personal lines increased by $3 million. Other revenues decreased by $18 million, or 45%, to $22 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $40 million for the comparable 2000 period. This decrease is primarily due to a revision of an estimate made in 2000 of amounts recoverable from reinsurers related to the disposition of this segment’s reinsurance business in 1990. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $116 million, or 6%, to $2,121 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $2,005 million for the comparable 2000 period. Auto policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $62 million due to increased average claim costs, growth in the business and adverse weather in the ﬁrst quarter of 2001. Despite this increase, the auto loss ratio decreased to 75.9% in 2001 from 76.6% in 2000 as a result of higher premiums per policy. Property policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $41 million due to increased non-catastrophe weather- related losses in 2001. Correspondingly, the property loss ratio increased to 80.7% in 2001 from 76.4% in 2000. Catastrophes represented 13.5% of the loss ratio in 2001 compared to 17.3% in 2000. Other policyholder beneﬁts and claims grew by $13 million, primarily due to an increase in high liability MetLife, Inc. 17 personal umbrella claims. Fluctuations in these policyholder beneﬁts and claims may not be commensurate with the change in premiums for a given period due to low premium volume and high liability limits. Other expenses decreased by $27 million, or 3%, to $800 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $827 million for the comparable 2000 period. This decrease is due to a reduction in integration costs associated with the St. Paul acquisition. The effective income tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 differ from the federal corporate tax rate of 35% due to the impact of non-taxable investment income. Asset Management The following table presents consolidated ﬁnancial information for the Asset Management segment for the years indicated: Revenues Net investment income ******************************************************************** Other revenues ************************************************************************** Net investment (losses) gains ************************************************************** Total revenues *********************************************************************** Other Expenses ************************************************************************ Income before provision for income taxes and minority interest*********************************** Provision for income taxes ***************************************************************** Minority interest ************************************************************************** Net income ***************************************************************************** Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) $ 59 166 (4) 221 211 10 4 — $ 71 198 25 294 252 42 15 — $ 90 760 — 850 749 101 32 35 $ 6 $ 27 $ 34 Year ended December 31, 2002 compared with the year ended December 31, 2001—Asset Management Other revenues, which primarily consist of management and advisory fees from third parties, decreased by $32 million, or 16%, to $166 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $198 million for the comparable 2001 period. The most signiﬁcant factor contributing to this decline is a $31 million decrease resulting from the sale of Conning, which occurred in July 2001. Excluding the impact of this transaction, other revenues remained essentially unchanged at $166 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 as compared to $167 million for the year ended December 31, 2001. Despite lower average assets under management, revenues remained constant due to performance and incentive fees earned on certain real estate and hedge fund products. The lower assets under management are primarily due to institutional client withdrawals, and the downturn in the equity market. In addition, fourth quarter 2002 product closings and business exits also contributed to this decline. Other expenses decreased by $41 million, or 16%, to $211 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $252 million for the comparable 2001 period. Excluding the impact of the sale of Conning, other expenses decreased by $6 million, or 3%, to $211 million in 2002 from $217 million in 2001. This decrease is due to reductions in marketing-related expenses and expenses related to fund reimbursements. In addition, a decrease in amortization of deferred sales commissions resulted from a reduction in sales. These decreases were partially offset by a $5 million increase in employee compensation attributable to severance-related expenses resulting from third and fourth quarter 2002 staff reductions. Year ended December 31, 2001 compared with the year ended December 31, 2000—Asset Management Other revenues, which are primarily comprised of management and advisory fees from third parties, decreased by $562 million, or 74%, to $198 million in 2001 from $760 million in 2000. The most signiﬁcant factors contributing to this decline were a $522 million decrease resulting from the sale of Nvest, which occurred in October 2000, and a $48 million decrease resulting from the sale of Conning, which occurred in July 2001. Excluding the impact of these transactions, other revenues increased by $8 million, or 5%, to $167 million in 2001 from $159 million in 2000. This is attributable to an increase in real estate assets under management that command a higher fee. Assets under management in the remaining Asset Management organization decreased from $56 billion as of December 31, 2000 to $51 billion at December 31, 2001. The decline occurred as a result of the equity market downturn and MetLife institutional customer withdrawals. Third party assets under management registered only a slight decrease of $352 million as a result of the equity market downturn, substantially offset by strong mutual fund sales and the purchase of a real estate portfolio in the second quarter of 2001 comprised of new assets of $1.7 billion. Management and advisory fees are typically calculated based on a percentage of assets under management, and are not necessarily proportionate to average assets managed due to changes in account mix. Other expenses decreased by $497 million, or 66%, to $252 million in 2001 from $749 million in 2000. The sale of Nvest reduced other expenses by $457 million and the sale of Conning reduced other expenses by $55 million. Excluding the impact of these transactions, other expenses increased by $15 million, or 7%, to $217 million in 2001 from $202 million in 2000. This variance is attributable to an increase in total compensation and beneﬁts and an increase in discretionary spending. Compensation and beneﬁts expense totaled $111 million in 2001 and is comprised of approximately 63% base compensation and 37% variable compensation. Base compensation increased by $9 million, or 15%, to $70 million in 2001 from $61 million in 2000, primarily due to higher stafﬁng levels. Variable compensation decreased by $1 million, or 2%, to $41 million in 2001 from $42 million in 2000 due to lower proﬁtability. Variable incentive payments are based upon proﬁtability, investment portfolio performance, new business sales and growth in revenues and proﬁts. The variable compensation plans reward the employees for growth in their businesses, but also require them to share in the impact of any declines. Increased sales commissions arising from higher mutual fund sales in 2001 were largely offset by downward revisions in other variable compensation due to a decline in proﬁts. Other general and administrative expenses increased $7 million, or 7%, to $106 million in 2001 from $99 million in 2000, primarily due to increases in occupancy costs and increased mutual fund reimbursement subsidies. Minority interest, principally reﬂecting third-party ownership interest in Nvest, decreased by $35 million, or 100%, due to the sale of Nvest. 18 MetLife, Inc. International The following table presents consolidated ﬁnancial information for the International segment for the years indicated: Revenues Premiums ************************************************************************** Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ************************************* Net investment income *************************************************************** Other revenues ********************************************************************* Net investment (losses) gains ********************************************************* Total revenues ****************************************************************** Expenses Policyholder beneﬁts and claims ******************************************************* Interest credited to policyholder account balances **************************************** Policyholder dividends**************************************************************** Payments to former Canadian policyholders ********************************************* Other expenses ********************************************************************* Total expenses****************************************************************** Income (loss) before provision for income taxes ****************************************** Provision for income taxes ************************************************************ Net income (loss) ******************************************************************* Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) $1,511 144 461 14 (9) $ 846 38 267 16 (16) $ 660 53 254 9 18 2,121 1,151 994 1,388 79 35 — 507 2,009 112 28 $ 84 $ 689 51 36 — 329 562 56 32 327 292 1,105 1,269 46 32 14 (275) 10 $ (285) Year ended December 31, 2002 compared with the year ended December 31, 2001—International Premiums increased by $665 million, or 79%, to $1,511 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $846 million for the comparable 2001 period. The June 2002 acquisition of Hidalgo and the 2001 acquisitions in Chile and Brazil increased premiums by $228 million, $102 million and $8 million, respectively. In addition, a portion of the increase in premiums is attributable to a $108 million increase due to the sale of an annuity contract in the ﬁrst quarter of 2002 to a Canadian trust company. South Korea’s premiums increased by $91 million primarily due to a larger professional sales force and improved agent productivity. Mexico’s premiums (excluding Hidalgo), increased by $66 million, primarily due to increases in its group life, major medical and individual life businesses. Excluding the aforementioned sale of an annuity contract, Canada’s premiums increased by $26 million due to the restructuring of a pension contract from an investment-type product to a long-term annuity. Spain’s and Taiwan’s premiums increased by $25 million and $13 million, respectively, due primarily to continued growth in the direct auto business and in the individual life insurance business. Hong Kong’s premiums increased $5 million primarily due to continued growth in the group life and traditional life businesses. These increases are partially offset by a decrease in Argentina’s premiums of $9 million due to the reduction in business caused by the Argentine economic environment. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in other countries. Universal life and investment type-product policy fees increased by $106 million, or 279%, to $144 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $38 million for the comparable 2001 period. The acquisition of Hidalgo and the acquisitions in Chile resulted in increases of $102 million and $5 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a $9 million decrease in Spain due to a reduction in fees caused by a decline in assets under management, as a result of the cessation of product lines offered through a joint venture with Banco Santander in 2001. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Other revenues decreased by $2 million, or 13%, to $14 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $16 million for the comparable 2001 period. Canada’s other revenues in 2001 included $1 million due primarily to the settlement of two legal cases in 2001. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. The acquisition of Hidalgo and the acquisitions in Chile and Brazil had no material impact on this variance. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $699 million, or 101%, to $1,388 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $689 million for the comparable 2001 period. The acquisition of Hidalgo and the acquisitions in Chile increased policyholder beneﬁts and claims by $224 million and $169 million, respectively. In addition, $108 million of this increase in policyholder beneﬁts and claims is attributable to the aforementioned sale of an annuity contract in Canada. South Korea’s, Mexico’s (excluding Hidalgo), Taiwan’s and Spain’s policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $69 million, $67 million, $18 million and $15 million, respectively, commensurate with the overall premium increases discussed above. Excluding the aforementioned sale of an annuity contract, Canada’s policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $32 million primarily due to the restructuring of a pension contract from an investment-type product to a long-term annuity. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by $28 million, or 55%, to $79 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $51 million for the comparable 2001 period. The acquisition of Hidalgo contributed $51 million. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $17 million in Argentina. This decrease is primarily due to modiﬁcations to policy contracts as authorized by the Argentinean government and a reduction of investment-type policies in-force. In addition, Spain’s interest credited decreased by $7 million primarily due to a decrease in the assets under management for life products with guarantees associated with the sale of a block of policies to Banco Santander in May 2001. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Policyholder dividends remained essentially unchanged at $35 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 versus $36 million for the comparable 2001 period. The acquisition of Hidalgo and the acquisitions in Chile and Brazil had no material impact on this variance. Other expenses increased by $178 million, or 54%, to $507 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $329 million for the comparable 2001 period. The acquisition of Hidalgo and the acquisitions in Chile and Brazil contributed $82 million, $21 million and $5 million, respectively. South Korea’s, Mexico’s (excluding Hidalgo), and Hong Kong’s other expenses increased by $29 million, $19 million and $7 million, respectively. These increases are primarily due to increased non-deferrable commissions from higher sales as discussed above, particularly in South Korea where ﬁxed sales compensation is paid to new sales management as part of the professional agency expansion. Argentina’s other expenses increased by $9 million due to MetLife, Inc. 19 additional loss recognition in connection with ongoing economic circumstances in the country. Poland’s other expenses increased by $5 million primarily due to costs incurred in the fourth quarter of 2002 associated with the closing of this operation. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Year ended December 31, 2001 compared with the year ended December 31, 2000—International Premiums increased by $186 million, or 28%, to $846 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $660 million for the comparable 2000 period. Mexico’s premiums grew by $89 million due to additional sales in group life, major medical and individual life products. Protection-type product sales fostered by the continued expansion of the professional sales force in South Korea accounted for an additional $41 million in premiums. Spain’s premiums rose by $18 million primarily due to continued growth in the direct auto business. Higher individual life sales resulted in an additional $17 million in Taiwanese premiums. The 2001 acquisitions in Brazil and Chile increased premiums by $12 million and $7 million, respectively, in those countries. Hong Kong’s premiums grew by $5 million primarily due to continued growth in the direct marketing, group life, and traditional life businesses. These variances were partially offset by a $3 million decline in Argentinean individual life premiums, reﬂecting the impact of economic and political events in that country. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Universal life and investment-type product policy fees decreased by $15 million, or 28%, to $38 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $53 million for the comparable 2000 period. This decline is primarily attributable to a $19 million reduction in fees in Spain caused by a reduction in assets under management, as a result of a planned cessation of product lines offered through a joint venture with Banco Santander. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Other revenues increased by $7 million, or 78%, to $16 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $9 million for the comparable 2000 period. Argentina’s other revenues grew by $5 million primarily due to foreign currency transaction gains in the private pension business, which was introduced in the third quarter of 2001. The required accounting for foreign currency translation ﬂuctuations in Indonesia, a highly inﬂationary economy, resulted in a $3 million increase in other revenues. These variances were partially offset by a $3 million decrease in Taiwan due to higher group reinsurance commissions received in 2000. The remainder of the increase is attributable to minor variances in several countries. Policyholder beneﬁts and claims increased by $127 million, or 23%, to $689 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $562 million for the comparable 2000 period. Mexico’s, South Korea’s and Taiwan’s policyholder beneﬁts and claims grew by $74 million, $24 million and $15 million, respectively, commensurate with the overall premium variance discussed above. The 2001 acquisitions in Brazil and Chile contributed $9 million and $7 million, respectively, to this variance. These variances are partially offset by a $7 million decline in Argentina’s policyholder beneﬁts and claims as a result of the impact of economic and political events in that country. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by $5 million, or 9%, to $51 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $56 million for the comparable 2000 period. An overall decline in crediting rates on interest-sensitive products in 2001 as a result of the low interest rate environment is primarily responsible for a $6 million reduction in South Korea. Spain’s interest credited dropped by $6 million due to a reduction in assets under management, as a result of a planned cessation of product lines offered through a joint venture with Banco Santander. These variances were partially offset by a $2 million increase in both Mexico and Argentina, due to an increase in average customer account balances. Policyholder dividends increased by $4 million, or 13%, to $36 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $32 million for the comparable 2000 period. The growth in Mexico’s group life sales mentioned above resulted in an increase in policyholder dividends of $2 million. Taiwan’s individual life sales contributed an additional $2 million in policyholder dividends. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Payments of $327 million related to Metropolitan Life’s demutualization were made during the second quarter of 2000 to holders of certain policies transferred to Clarica Life Insurance Company in connection with the sale of a substantial portion of the Company’s Canadian operations in 1998. Other expenses increased by $37 million, or 13%, to $329 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $292 million in the comparable 2000 period. Argentina’s other expenses rose by $15 million due to a write-off of deferred policy acquisition costs, resulting from a revision in the calculation of estimated gross margins and proﬁts caused by the anticipated impact of economic and political events in that country. Mexico and South Korea’s other expenses grew by $13 million and $10 million, respectively, primarily due to the growth in business in these countries. The 2001 acquisitions in Brazil and Chile contributed $7 million and $3 million, respectively, to this variance. These variances were partially offset by an $11 million decrease in Spain’s other expenses due to a reduction in payroll, commissions, and administrative expenses as a result of a planned cessation of product lines offered through a joint venture with Banco Santander. The remainder of the variance is attributable to minor ﬂuctuations in several countries. Corporate & Other Year ended December 31, 2002 compared with the year ended December 31, 2001 — Corporate & Other Other revenues increased by $16 million, or 19%, to $101 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $85 million for the comparable 2001 period, primarily due to the sale of a company-occupied building, and income earned on COLI purchased during 2002, partially offset by an increase in the elimination of intersegment activity. Other expenses increased by $111 million, or 17%, to $768 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $657 million for the comparable 2001 period, primarily due to increases in legal and interest expenses. The 2002 period includes a $266 million charge to increase the Company’s asbestos-related liability and expenses to cover costs associated with the resolution of federal government investigations of General American’s former Medicare business. These increases are partially offset by a $250 million charge recorded in the fourth quarter of 2001 to cover costs associated with the resolution of class action lawsuits and a regulatory inquiry pending against Metropolitan Life, involving alleged race-conscious insurance underwriting practices prior to 1973. The increase in interest expenses is primarily due to increases in long-term debt resulting from the issuance of $1.25 billion and $1 billion of senior debt in November 2001 and December 2002, respectively, partially offset by a decrease in commercial paper in 2002. In addition, a decrease in the elimination of intersegment activity contributed to the variance. Year ended December 31, 2001 compared with the year ended December 31, 2000 — Corporate & Other Other revenues decreased by $6 million, or 7%, to $85 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $91 million for the comparable 2000 period, primarily due the sales of certain subsidiaries in 2000, partially offset by the recognition of a refund earned on a reinsurance treaty in 2001 and a decrease in the elimination of intersegment activity. Demutualization costs of $230 million were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2000. These costs are related to Metropolitan Life’s demutualization on April 7, 2000. Other expenses increased by $198 million, or 43%, to $657 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $459 million for the comparable 2000 period. This variance is primarily due to higher legal expenses, expenses associated with MetLife, Inc. shareholder services cost and start-up costs 20 MetLife, Inc. relating to MetLife’s banking initiatives, as well as a decrease in the elimination of intersegment activity. Legal expenses of $250 million were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2001 to cover costs associated with the anticipated resolution of class action lawsuits and a regulatory inquiry pending against Metropolitan Life, involving alleged race-conscious insurance underwriting practices prior to 1973. These increases are partially offset by a reduction in interest expenses due to reduced average levels in borrowing and a lower rate environment in 2001. Liquidity and Capital Resources The Holding Company Capital Restrictions and Limitations on Bank Holding Companies and Financial Holding Companies — Capital. MetLife, Inc. and its insured depository institution subsidiary are subject to risk-based and leverage capital guidelines issued by the federal banking regulatory agencies for banks and ﬁnancial holding companies. The federal banking regulatory agencies are required by law to take speciﬁc prompt corrective actions with respect to institutions that do not meet minimum capital standards. At December 31, 2002, MetLife and its insured depository institution subsidiary were in compliance with the aforementioned guidelines. Liquidity Liquidity refers to a company’s ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet its needs. Liquidity is managed to preserve stable, reliable and cost-effective sources of cash to meet all current and future ﬁnancial obligations. Liquidity is provided by a variety of sources, including a portfolio of liquid assets, a diversiﬁed mix of short- and long-term funding sources from the wholesale ﬁnancial markets and the ability to borrow through committed credit facilities. The Holding Company is an active participant in the global ﬁnancial markets through which it obtains a signiﬁcant amount of funding. These markets, which serve as cost-effective sources of funds, are critical components of the Holding Company’s liquidity management. Decisions to access these markets are based upon relative costs, prospective views of balance sheet growth, and a targeted liquidity proﬁle. A disruption in the ﬁnancial markets could limit access to liquidity for the Holding Company. The Holding Company’s ability to maintain regular access to competitively priced wholesale funds is fostered by its current debt ratings from the major credit rating agencies. Management views its capital ratios, credit quality, stable and diverse earnings streams, diversity of liquidity sources and its liquidity monitoring procedures as critical to retaining high credit ratings. Liquidity is monitored through the use of internal liquidity risk metrics, including the composition and level of the liquid asset portfolio, timing differences in short-term cash ﬂow obligations, access to the ﬁnancial markets for capital and term-debt transactions, and exposure to contingent draws on the Holding Company’s liquidity. Liquidity Sources Dividends. The primary source of the Holding Company’s liquidity is dividends it receives from Metropolitan Life. Under the New York Insurance Law, Metropolitan Life is permitted without prior insurance regulatory clearance to pay a stockholder dividend to the Holding Company as long as the aggregate amount of all such dividends in any calendar year does not exceed the lesser of (i) 10% of its statutory surplus as of the immediately preceding calendar year, and (ii) its statutory net gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar year (excluding realized capital gains). Metropolitan Life will be permitted to pay a stockholder dividend to the Holding Company in excess of the lesser of such two amounts only if it ﬁles notice of its intention to declare such a dividend and the amount thereof with the Superintendent and the Superintendent does not disapprove the distribution. Under the New York Insurance Law, the Superintendent has broad discretion in determining whether the ﬁnancial condition of a stock life insurance company would support the payment of such dividends to its stockholders. The New York Insurance Department (the ‘‘Department’’) has established informal guidelines for such determinations. The guidelines, among other things, focus on the insurer’s overall ﬁnancial condition and proﬁtability under statutory accounting practices. Management of the Holding Company cannot provide assurance that Metropolitan Life will have statutory earnings to support payment of dividends to the Holding Company in an amount sufﬁcient to fund its cash requirements and pay cash dividends or that the Superintendent will not disapprove any dividends that Metropolitan Life must submit for the Superintendent’s consideration. In addition, the Holding Company also receives dividends from its other subsidiaries. The Holding Company’s other insurance subsidiaries are also subject to restrictions on the payment of dividends to their respective parent companies. The dividend limitation is based on statutory ﬁnancial results. Statutory accounting practices, as prescribed by the Department, differ in certain respects from accounting principles used in ﬁnancial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP. The signiﬁcant differences relate to deferred policy acquisition costs, certain deferred income taxes, required investment reserves, reserve calculation assumptions, goodwill and surplus notes. Liquid Assets. An integral part of the Holding Company’s liquidity management is the amount of liquid assets that it holds. Liquid assets include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and marketable ﬁxed maturities. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Holding Company had $1,343 million and $2,981 million in liquid assets, respectively. Global Funding Sources. Liquidity is also provided by a variety of both short- and long-term instruments, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, medium-and long-term debt, capital securities and stockholders’ equity. The diversity of the Holding Company’s funding sources enhances funding ﬂexibility and limits dependence on any one source of funds, and generally lowers the cost of funds. At December 31, 2002, the Holding Company had $249 million in short-term debt outstanding. At December 31, 2001, the Holding Company had no short-term debt outstanding. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Holding Company had $3.3 billion and $2.3 billion in long-term debt outstanding, respectively. The Holding Company ﬁled a $4.0 billion shelf registration statement, effective June 1, 2001, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (‘‘SEC’’) which permits the registration and issuance of debt and equity securities as described more fully therein. The Holding Company has issued senior debt in the amount of $2.25 billion under this registration statement. In December 2002, the Holding Company issued $400 million 5.375% senior notes due 2012 and $600 million 6.50% senior notes due 2032 and in November 2001, the Holding Company issued $500 million 5.25% senior notes due 2006 and $750 million 6.125% senior notes due 2011. In addition, in February 2003, the Holding Company remarketed under the shelf registration statement $1,006 million aggregate principal amount of debentures previously issued in connection with the issuance of equity security units as part of MetLife, Inc.’s initial public offering in April 2000. MetLife, Inc. 21 Other sources of the Holding Company’s liquidity include programs for short- and long-term borrowing, as needed, arranged through Metropolitan Life. Credit Facilities. The Holding Company maintains approximately $1.25 billion in a committed and unsecured credit facility that it shares with Metropolitan Life and MetLife Funding, Inc. (‘‘MetLife Funding’’) expiring in 2005. If these facilities were drawn upon, they would bear interest at varying rates stated in the agreements. This facility is primarily used as back-up lines of credit for its commercial paper program. At December 31, 2002, the Holding Company, Metropolitan Life or MetLife Funding had not drawn against this credit facility. Liquidity Uses The primary uses of liquidity of the Holding Company include cash dividends on common stock, service on debt, contributions to subsidiaries, payment of general operating expenses and the repurchase of the Holding Company’s common stock. Dividends. In the fourth quarter of 2002, the Holding Company declared an annual dividend for 2002 of $0.21 per share. The 2002 dividend represented an increase of $0.01 per share from the 2001 annual dividend of $0.20 per share. Dividends, if any, in any year will be determined by the Holding Company’s Board of Directors after taking into consideration factors such as the Holding Company’s current earnings, expected medium- and long-term earnings, ﬁnancial condition, regulatory capital position, and applicable governmental regulations and policies. Capital Contributions to Subsidiaries. In 2002, the Holding Company contributed $500 million to Metropolitan Life and in 2001, contributed $770 million to Metropolitan Insurance and Annuity Company (‘‘MIAC’’). Share Repurchase. On February 19, 2002, the Holding Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $1 billion common stock repurchase program. This program began after the completion of the March 28, 2001 and June 27, 2000 repurchase programs, each of which authorized the repurchase of $1 billion of common stock. Under these authorizations, the Holding Company may purchase common stock from the MetLife Policyholder Trust, in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions. The Holding Company acquired 15,244,492 and 45,242,966 shares of common stock for $471 million and $1,322 million during the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. At December 31, 2002 the Holding Company had approximately $806 million remaining on its existing share repurchase authorization. The Company does not anticipate any share repurchases in the ﬁrst six months of 2003 and any repurchases in the remainder of 2003 will be dependent upon several factors, including the Company’s capital position, its ﬁnancial strength and credit ratings, general market conditions and the price of the Company’s stock. Support Agreements. In 2002, the Holding Company entered into a net worth maintenance agreement with three of its insurance subsidiaries, MetLife Investors Insurance Company, First MetLife Investors Insurance Company and MetLife Investors Insurance Company of California. Under the agreements, the Holding Company agreed, without limitation as to the amount, to cause each of these subsidiaries to have a minimum capital and surplus of $10 million (or, with respect to MetLife Investors Insurance Company of California, $5 million), total adjusted capital at a level not less than 150% of the company action level RBC, as deﬁned by state insurance statutes, and liquidity necessary to enable it to meet its current obligations on a timely basis. The capital and surplus of each of these subsidiaries at December 31, 2002 was in excess of the referenced amounts. The Holding Company has agreed to make capital contributions, in any event not to exceed $120 million, to MIAC in the aggregate amount of the excess of (i) the debt service payments required to be made, and the capital expenditure payments required to be made or reserved for, in connection with the afﬁliated borrowings arranged in December 2001 to fund the purchase by MIAC of certain real estate properties from Metropolitan Life during the two year period following the date of the borrowings, over (ii) the cash ﬂows generated by these properties. Based on management’s analysis of its expected cash inﬂows from the dividends it receives from subsidiaries, including Metropolitan Life, that are permitted to be paid without prior insurance regulatory approval and its portfolio of liquid assets and other anticipated cash ﬂows, management believes there will be sufﬁcient liquidity to enable the Holding Company to make payments on debt, make dividend payments on its common stock, pay all operating expenses and meet other obligations. The Company Capital Risk-Based Capital (‘‘RBC’’). Section 1322 of the New York Insurance Law requires that New York domestic life insurers report their RBC based on a formula calculated by applying factors to various asset, premium and statutory reserve items, and similar rules apply to each of the Company’s domestic insurance subsidiaries. The formula takes into account the risk characteristics of the insurer, including asset risk, insurance risk, interest rate risk and business risk. Section 1322 gives the Superintendent explicit regulatory authority to require various actions by, or take various actions against, insurers whose total adjusted capital does not exceed certain RBC levels. At December 31, 2002, Metropolitan Life’s and each of the Holding Company’s domestic insurance subsidiaries’ total adjusted capital was in excess of each of the RBC levels required by each state of domicile. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (‘‘NAIC’’) adopted the Codiﬁcation of Statutory Accounting Principles (the ‘‘Codiﬁcation’’), which is intended to standardize regulatory accounting and reporting to state insurance departments and became effective January 1, 2001. However, statutory accounting principles continue to be established by individual state laws and permitted practices. The Department required adoption of the Codiﬁcation with certain modiﬁcations for the preparation of statutory ﬁnancial statements of insurance companies domiciled in New York effective January 1, 2001. Effective December 31, 2002, the Department adopted a modiﬁcation to its regulations to be consistent with Codiﬁcation with respect to the admissibility of deferred income taxes by New York insurers, subject to certain limitations. The adoption of the Codiﬁcation as modiﬁed by the Department, did not adversely affect Metropolitan Life’s statutory capital and surplus. Further modiﬁcations by state insurance departments may impact the effect of the Codiﬁcation on the statutory capital and surplus of Metropolitan Life and the Holding Company’s other insurance subsidiaries. Liquidity Sources Cash Flow from Operations. The Company’s principal cash inﬂows from its insurance activities come from insurance premiums, annuity considera- tions and deposit funds. A primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash inﬂows is the risk of early contractholder and policyholder withdrawal. The Company seeks to include provisions limiting withdrawal rights on many of its products, including general account institutional pension products (generally group annuities, including guaranteed interest contracts and certain deposit fund liabilities) sold to employee beneﬁt plan sponsors. 22 MetLife, Inc. The Company’s principal cash inﬂows from its investment activities result from repayments of principal, proceeds from maturities and sales of invested assets and investment income. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash inﬂows are the risk of default by debtors and market volatilities. The Company closely monitors and manages these risks through its credit risk management process. Liquid Assets. An integral part of the Company’s liquidity management is the amount of liquid assets it holds. Liquid assets include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, marketable ﬁxed maturities and equity securities. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company had $127 billion and $108 billion in liquid assets, respectively. Global Funding Sources. Liquidity is also provided by a variety of both short- and long-term instruments, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, medium- and long-term debt, capital securities and stockholders’ equity. The diversity of the Company’s funding sources enhances funding ﬂexibility and limits dependence on any one source of funds, and generally lowers the cost of funds. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company had $1,161 million and $355 million in short-term debt outstanding, respectively, and $4,425 million and $3,628 million in long-term debt outstanding, respectively. See ‘‘— The Holding Company — Global Funding Sources.’’ MetLife Funding serves as a centralized ﬁnance unit for Metropolitan Life. Pursuant to a support agreement, Metropolitan Life has agreed to cause MetLife Funding to have a tangible net worth of at least one dollar. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, MetLife Funding had a tangible net worth of $10.7 million and $10.6 million, respectively. MetLife Funding raises funds from various funding sources and uses the proceeds to extend loans, through MetLife Credit Corp., a subsidiary of Metropolitan Life, to the Holding Company, Metropolitan Life and other afﬁliates. MetLife Funding manages its funding sources to enhance the ﬁnancial ﬂexibility and liquidity of Metropolitan Life and other afﬁliated companies. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, MetLife Funding had total outstanding liabilities, including accrued interest payable, of $400 million and $133 million, respectively, consisting primarily of commercial paper. Credit Facilities. The Company maintains committed and unsecured credit facilities aggregating $2.43 billion ($1.14 billion expiring in 2003 and $1.29 billion expiring in 2005). If these facilities were drawn upon, they would bear interest at varying rates stated in the agreements. The facilities can be used for general corporate purposes and also as back-up lines of credit for the Company’s commercial paper program. At December 31, 2002, the Company had drawn approximately $28 million under the facilities expiring in 2005 at interest rates ranging from 4.39% to 5.57%. Liquidity Uses Insurance Liabilities. The Company’s principal cash outﬂows primarily relate to the liabilities associated with its various life insurance, property and casualty, annuity and group pension products, operating expenses and income taxes, as well as principal and interest on its outstanding debt obligations. Liabilities arising from its insurance activities primarily relate to beneﬁt payments under the aforementioned products, as well as payments for policy surrenders, withdrawals and loans. Investment and Other. Additional cash outﬂows include those related to obligations of securities lending activities, investments in real estate, limited partnership and joint ventures, as well as legal liabilities. The following table summarizes the Company’s major contractual obligations (other than those arising from its ordinary product and investment purchase activities): Contractual Obligations Total 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Thereafter (Dollars in millions) Long-term debt(1) *************************************** Partnership investments ********************************** Company-obligated securities(1) *************************** Operating leases **************************************** Mortgage commitments ********************************** Total*************************************************** $4,460 1,667 1,356 1,399 859 $9,741 $ 452 1,667 — 192 859 $3,170 $ 12 — — 166 — $178 $ 397 — 1,006 149 — $ 604 — — 133 — $1,552 $ 737 $ 4 — — 116 — $120 $2,991 — 350 643 — $3,984 (1) Amounts differ from the balances presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which are shown net of related discounts. On July 11, 2002, an afﬁliate of the Company elected not to make future payments required by the terms of a non-recourse loan obligation. The book value of this loan was $16 million at December 31, 2002. The Company’s exposure under the terms of the applicable loan agreement is limited solely to its investment in certain securities held by an afﬁliate. During the ﬁrst quarter of 2003 the Company made all previously required and current payments under the terms of the loan. Letters of Credit. At December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001, the Company had outstanding approximately $625 million and $473 million in letters of credit from various banks, all of which expire within one year. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and ﬁnancing arrangements may expire unused, these amounts do not necessarily reﬂect the actual future cash funding requirements. Support Agreements. In addition to its support agreement with MetLife Funding described above, Metropolitan Life entered into a net worth maintenance agreement with New England Life Insurance Company (‘‘New England Life’’) at the time Metropolitan Life acquired New England Life. Under the agreement, Metropolitan Life agreed, without limitation as to the amount, to cause New England Life to have a minimum capital and surplus of $10 million, total adjusted capital at a level not less than the company action level RBC, as deﬁned by state insurance statutes, and liquidity necessary to enable it to meet its current obligations on a timely basis. The agreement may be terminated under certain circumstances. The capital and surplus of New England Life at December 31, 2002 and 2001 was in excess of the referenced amounts. See ‘‘— Liquidity Sources — Global Funding Sources.’’ In connection with the Company’s acquisition of GenAmerica, Metropolitan Life entered into a net worth maintenance agreement with General American Life Insurance Company (‘‘General American’’). Under the agreement, Metropolitan Life agreed without limitation as to amount to cause General American to have a minimum capital and surplus of $10 million, total adjusted capital at a level not less than 180% of the company action level RBC, as deﬁned by state insurance statutes, and liquidity necessary to enable it to meet its current obligations on a timely basis. The agreement was subsequently amended to provide that, for the ﬁve year period from 2003 through 2007, total adjusted capital must be maintained at a level not less than 200% of the MetLife, Inc. 23 company action level RBC, as deﬁned by state insurance statutes. The capital and surplus of General American at December 31, 2002 and 2001 was in excess of the referenced amounts. Metropolitan Life has entered into a net worth maintenance agreement with Security Equity Life Insurance Company (‘‘Security Equity’’), an insurance subsidiary acquired in the GenAmerica transaction. Under the agreement, Metropolitan Life agreed without limitation as to amount to cause Security Equity to have a minimum capital and surplus of $10 million, total adjusted capital at a level not less than 150% of the company action level RBC, as deﬁned by state insurance statutes, and sufﬁcient liquidity to meet its current obligations. The agreement may be terminated under certain circumstances. The capital and surplus of Security Equity at December 31, 2002 and 2001 was in excess of the referenced amounts. Metropolitan Life has also entered into arrangements for the beneﬁt of some of its other subsidiaries and afﬁliates to assist such subsidiaries and afﬁliates in meeting various jurisdictions’ regulatory requirements regarding capital and surplus and security deposits. In addition, Metropolitan Life has entered into a support arrangement with respect to a subsidiary under which Metropolitan Life may become responsible, in the event that the subsidiary becomes the subject of insolvency proceedings, for the payment of certain reinsurance recoverables due from the subsidiary to one or more of its cedents in accordance with the terms and conditions of the applicable reinsurance agreements. General American has agreed to guarantee the obligations of its subsidiary, Paragon Life Insurance Company, and certain obligations of its former subsidiaries, Security Equity, MetLife Investors Insurance Company (‘‘MetLife Investors’’), First MetLife Investors Insurance Company and MetLife Investors Insurance Company of California. In addition, General American has entered into a contingent reinsurance agreement with MetLife Investors. Under this agreement, in the event that MetLife Investors’ statutory capital and surplus is less than $10 million or total adjusted capital falls below 150% of the company action level RBC, as deﬁned by state insurance statutes, General American would assume as assumption reinsurance, subject to regulatory approvals and required consents, all of MetLife Investors’ life insurance policies and annuity contract liabilities. The capital and surplus of MetLife Investors’ at December 31, 2002 and 2001 was in excess of the referenced amounts. Management does not anticipate that these arrangements will place any signiﬁcant demands upon the Company’s liquidity resources. Litigation. Various litigation claims and assessments against the Company have arisen in the course of the Company’s business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its activities as an insurer, employer, investor, investment advisor and taxpayer. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations concerning the Company’s compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations. It is not feasible to predict or determine the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations and legal proceedings or provide reasonable ranges of potential losses except with respect to certain matters. In some of the matters, very large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are sought. Although in light of these considerations, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial position, based on information currently known by the Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcomes of such pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to have such an effect. However, given the large and/or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results or cash ﬂows in particular quarterly or annual periods. Based on management’s analysis of its expected cash inﬂows from operating activities, the dividends it receives from subsidiaries, including Metropolitan Life, that are permitted to be paid without prior insurance regulatory approval and its portfolio of liquid assets and other anticipated cash ﬂows, management believes there will be sufﬁcient liquidity to enable the Company to make payments on debt, make dividend payments on its common stock, pay all operating expenses and meet other obligations. The nature of the Company’s diverse product portfolio and customer base lessen the likelihood that normal operations will result in any signiﬁcant strain on liquidity in 2003. Consolidated cash ﬂows. Net cash provided by operating activities was $4,997 million and $4,512 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The $485 million increase in operating cash ﬂow in 2002 over the comparable 2001 period is primarily attributable to sales growth in the group life, dental, disability and long-term care businesses, the sale of a signiﬁcant retirement and savings contract in the second quarter of 2002, as well as additional sales of structured settlements and traditional annuity products. In addition, a large annuity contract sold in the ﬁrst quarter of 2002 to a Canadian trust company and increased sales in South Korea due to larger professional sales force and improved agent productivity. These increases were partially offset by a contribution by the Company to its deﬁned beneﬁt pension plans in December 2002. Net cash provided by operating activities was $4,512 million and $3,277 million for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The $1,235 million increase in operating cash ﬂow in 2001 over the 2000 comparable period is primarily attributable to sales growth in the dental, disability, long-term care and group life products, partially offset by decreases in the sales of retirement and savings products. An increase in operating cash ﬂows resulted from additional sales of group life, major medical and individual life products in Mexico. Protection-type product sales fostered by the continued expansion of the professional sales force accounted for additional premiums from South Korea. Net cash used in investing activities was $16,996 million and $3,165 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The $13,831 million increase in net cash used in investing activities in 2002 over the 2001 comparable period is partly attributable to an increase in investments held as cash collateral received in connection with the securities lending program. In addition, the Company invested income generated from operations, cash raised through the issuance of a guaranteed investment contract and cash generated by a company-sponsored real estate sales program in various ﬁnancial instruments, including ﬁxed maturities and mortgage loans on real estate. At December 31, 2001, the Company held cash equivalents that were subsequently invested in bonds and U.S. treasury notes in the ﬁrst quarter of 2002. Additionally, certain contractholders transferred investments from the separate account to the general account. Net cash used in investing activities also increased due to the acquisition of Hidalgo. Net cash used in investing activities was $3,165 million and $1,232 million for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities increased $1,933 million in 2001, over the comparable period in 2000, due in large part to the purchase of equity securities as part of the Company’s investment in the equity markets following the September 11, 2001 tragedies. The remaining change in investing activities was due to the investment of income generated from the operations of the Company in various ﬁnancial instruments. Net cash provided by ﬁnancing activities was $6,849 million and $2,692 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The $4,157 million increase in ﬁnancing activities in 2002 from 2001 was due to a $2,401 million increase in policyholder account balances primarily from sales of annuity products, the issuance of $1,536 million in short-term debt. In addition, the Company spent $850 million less in the stock repurchase program in 2002 as compared to 2001. These cash ﬂows are partially offset by a $592 million decrease in long-term debt issued. Net cash provided by ﬁnancing was $2,692 million for the year ended December 31, 2001. Net cash used in ﬁnancing was $1,400 million for the year ended December 31, 2000. Net cash provided by ﬁnancing activities increased $4,092 million in 2001 from 2000, partially attributable to a 24 MetLife, Inc. $3,514 million increase in policyholder account balances primarily from sales of annuity products, $2,550 million of cash payments to policyholders in 2000 related to the Company’s demutualization, the paydown of $2,365 million of short-term debt in 2000 and the issuance of $1,393 million in long- term debt in 2001. Partially offsetting these activities were the issuance of $4,009 million in common stock in connection with the Company’s initial public offering in 2000, $708 million in higher costs associated with the stock repurchase program in 2001 and $772 million in lower proceeds from the issuance of company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities in 2001. Insolvency Assessments Most of the jurisdictions in which the Company is admitted to transact business require life insurers doing business within the jurisdiction to participate in guaranty associations, which are organized to pay contractual beneﬁts owed pursuant to insurance policies issued by impaired, insolvent or failed life insurers. These associations levy assessments, up to prescribed limits, on all member insurers in a particular state on the basis of the proportionate share of the premiums written by member insurers in the lines of business in which the impaired, insolvent or failed insurer engaged. Some states permit member insurers to recover assessments paid through full or partial premium tax offsets. Assessments levied against the Company from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2002 aggregated $2 million. The Company maintained a liability of $62 million at December 31, 2002 for future assessments in respect of currently impaired, insolvent or failed insurers. In the past ﬁve years, none of the aggregate assessments levied against MetLife’s insurance subsidiaries has been material. The Company has established liabilities for guaranty fund assessments that it considers adequate for assessments with respect to insurers that are currently subject to insolvency proceedings. Effects of Inﬂation The Company does not believe that inﬂation has had a material effect on its consolidated results of operations, except insofar as inﬂation may affect interest rates. Accounting Standards During 2002, the Company adopted or applied the following accounting standards: (i) SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations (‘‘SFAS 141’’), (ii) SFAS No. 142 and (iii) SFAS No. 144. In accordance with SFAS 141, the elimination of $5 million of negative goodwill was reported in net income in the ﬁrst quarter of 2002 as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting. On January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS 142. The Company did not amortize goodwill during 2002. Amortization of goodwill was $47 million and $50 million for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Amortization of other intangible assets was not material for the years December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. The Company has completed the required impairment tests of goodwill and indeﬁnite-lived intangible assets. As a result of these tests, the Company recorded a $5 million charge to earnings relating to the impairment of certain goodwill assets in the third quarter of 2002 as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting. There was no impairment of identiﬁed intangible assets or signiﬁcant reclassiﬁcations between goodwill and other intangible assets at January 1, 2002. Adoption of SFAS 144 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements other than the presentation as discontinued operations of net investment income and net investment gains related to operations of real estate on which the Company initiated disposition activities subsequent to January 1, 2002 and the classiﬁcation of such real estate as held-for-sale on the consolidated balance sheets. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’) is deliberating on a proposed statement that would further amend SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (‘‘SFAS 133’’). The proposed statement will address certain SFAS 133 Implementation Issues. The proposed statement is not expected to have a signiﬁcant impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. In January 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of APB No. 51 (‘‘FIN 46’’). FIN 46 requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneﬁciary of the entity if the equity investors in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling ﬁnancial interest or do not have sufﬁcient equity at risk for the entity to ﬁnance its activities without additional subordinated ﬁnancial support from other parties. FIN 46 is effective for all new variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 must be applied for the ﬁrst interim or annual period beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of FIN 46 on its consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Certain disclosure provisions of FIN 46 were required for December 31, 2002 ﬁnancial statements. Such provisions, which were adopted by the Company, required the disclosure of the total assets and the maximum exposure to loss relating to the Company’s interests in variable interest entities. In 2003, the FASB staff is expected to provide transition guidance with respect to the issue of whether embedded derivatives within modiﬁed coinsurance agreements need to be accounted for separately. The Company enters into modiﬁed coinsurance and certain coinsurance agreements under which assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld from the Company and legally owned by the ceding company. The withheld funds are reﬂected on the Company’s balance sheet as funds withheld at interest and totaled $2.1 billion as of December 31, 2002. The Company also cedes business under certain modiﬁed coinsurance agreements. As of December 31, 2002, the Company has not separately accounted for any potential embedded derivatives associated with these contracts, which it believes is consistent with GAAP, as well as industry practice. The Company cannot estimate the impact, if any, associated with the adoption of any new FASB guidance expected to be issued in 2003. In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure (‘‘SFAS 148’’), which provides guidance on how to transition from the intrinsic value method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation under Accounting Principles Board (‘‘APB’’) Opinion No. 25 Accounting for Stock-Issued to Employees (‘‘APB 25’’) to the fair value method of accounting from SFAS No. 123 Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (‘‘SFAS 123’’), if a company so elects. Effective January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the fair value method of recording stock options under SFAS 123. In accordance with alternatives available under the transitional guidance of SFAS 148, the Company has elected to apply the fair value method of accounting for stock options prospectively to awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2003. As permitted, options granted prior to January 1, 2003, will continue to be accounted for under APB 25, and the pro forma impact of accounting for these options at fair value will continue to be disclosed in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements until the last of those options vest in 2005. Had the Company expensed stock options beginning January 1, 2002, the income statement impact would have been approximately $23 million pretax, and $15 million, or $0.02 per diluted share, after tax, in 2002. As the cost of anticipated future option awards is phased in over a three-year period, the annual impact in the third year (2005) will rise to approximately $0.07 per diluted share, assuming options are granted in future years at a similar level and under similar market conditions to 2002. The actual impact per diluted share may vary in the event the fair value or the number of options granted increases or decreases from the current estimate, or if the current accounting guidance changes. In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others (‘‘FIN 45’’). FIN 45 requires entities to establish liabilities for certain types of guarantees, and expands ﬁnancial statement disclosures for others. Disclosure requirements under FIN 45 are effective for ﬁnancial statements of annual periods ending after December 15, MetLife, Inc. 25 2002 and are applicable to all guarantees issued by the guarantor subject to the provisions of FIN 45. The initial recognition and initial measurement provisions of FIN 45 are applicable on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modiﬁed after December 31, 2002. The Company does not expect the initial adoption of FIN 45 to have a signiﬁcant impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. The adoption of FIN 45 requires the Company to include disclosures in its consolidated ﬁnancial statements related to guarantees. In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (‘‘SFAS 146’’), which must be adopted for exit and disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. SFAS 146 will require that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized and measured initially at fair value only when the liability is incurred rather than at the date of an entity’s commitment to an exit plan as required by Emerging Issues Task Force (‘‘EITF’’) 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Beneﬁts and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring). In the fourth quarter of 2001, the Company recorded a charge of $330 million, net of income taxes of $169 million, associated with business realignment initiatives using the EITF 94-3 accounting guidance. In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections (‘‘SFAS 145’’). In addition to amending or rescinding other existing authoritative pronouncements to make various technical corrections, clarify meanings, or describe their applicability under changed conditions, SFAS 145 generally precludes companies from recording gains and losses from the extinguishment of debt as an extraordinary item. SFAS 145 also requires sale-leaseback treatment for certain modiﬁcations of a capital lease that result in the lease being classiﬁed as an operating lease. SFAS 145 is effective for ﬁscal years beginning after May 15, 2002, and the initial application of this standard did not have a signiﬁcant impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Investments The Company had total cash and invested assets at December 31, 2002 of $190.7 billion. In addition, the Company had $59.7 billion held in its separate accounts, for which the Company generally does not bear investment risk. The Company’s primary investment objective is to maximize net investment income consistent with acceptable risk parameters. The Company is exposed to three primary sources of investment risk: ) credit risk, relating to the uncertainty associated with the continued ability of a given obligor to make timely payments of principal and interest; ) interest rate risk, relating to the market price and cash ﬂow variability associated with changes in market interest rates; and ) market valuation risk. The Company manages risk through in-house fundamental analysis of the underlying obligors, issuers, transaction structures and real estate properties. The Company also manages credit risk and market valuation risk through industry and issuer diversiﬁcation and asset allocation. For real estate and agricultural assets, the Company manages credit risk and valuation risk through geographic, property type, and product type diversiﬁcation and asset allocation. The Company manages interest rate risk as part of its asset and liability management strategies, product design, such as the use of market value adjustment features and surrender charges, and proactive monitoring and management of certain non-guaranteed elements of its products, such as the resetting of credited interest and dividend rates for policies that permit such adjustments. The following table summarizes the Company’s cash and invested assets at: December 31, 2002 2001 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Fixed maturities available-for-sale, at fair value ***************************************** $140,553 Mortgage loans on real estate******************************************************* 25,086 Policy loans ********************************************************************** 8,580 Real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment***************************** 4,496 Equity securities and other limited partnership interests ********************************** 3,743 Other invested assets ************************************************************* 3,727 Cash and cash equivalents ********************************************************* 2,323 Short-term investments ************************************************************ 1,921 Real estate held-for-sale *********************************************************** 229 Total cash and invested assets**************************************************** $190,658 73.7% $115,398 23,621 13.2 8,272 4.5 4,054 2.4 4,700 2.0 3,298 1.9 7,473 1.2 1,203 1.0 1,676 0.1 68.0% 13.9 4.9 2.4 2.8 1.9 4.4 0.7 1.0 100.0% $169,695 100.0% 26 MetLife, Inc. Investment Results The annualized yields on general account cash and invested assets, excluding net investment gains and losses, were 7.20%, 7.56% and 7.54% for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The following table illustrates the annualized yields on average assets for each of the components of the Company’s investment portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000: 2002 2001 2000 Yield(1) Amount Yield(1) Amount Yield(1) Amount (Dollars in millions) $ $ $ 7.46% $ 6.49% $ 4.17% $ 7.84% $ Fixed Maturities:(2) Investment income ********************************************* Net investment losses******************************************* Total ******************************************************* Ending assets ************************************************* Mortgage Loans:(3) Investment income ********************************************* Net investment gains (losses)************************************* Total ******************************************************* Ending assets ************************************************* Policy Loans: Investment income ********************************************* Ending assets ************************************************* Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments: Investment income ********************************************* Net investment losses******************************************* Total ******************************************************* Ending assets ************************************************* Real Estate and Real Estate Joint Ventures:(4) Investment income, net of expenses******************************* 11.41% $ Net investment gains (losses)************************************* Total ******************************************************* Ending assets ************************************************* Equity Securities and Other Limited Partnership Interests: Investment income ********************************************* Net investment gains (losses)************************************* Total ******************************************************* Ending assets ************************************************* Other Invested Assets: Investment income ********************************************* Net investment gains (losses)************************************* Total ******************************************************* Ending assets ************************************************* Total Investments: Investment income before expenses and fees*********************** Investment expenses and fees *********************************** (0.15%) Net investment income ****************************************** Net investment losses******************************************* Adjustments to investment losses(5) ******************************* Gains from sales of subsidiaries ********************************** Total ******************************************************* 2.21% $ 6.42% $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 8,092 (917) 7,175 $140,533 1,883 (22) 1,861 $ 25,086 7.89% $ 8,031 (645) 7.81% $ 7,915 (1,437) $ 7,386 $115,398 $ 6,478 $112,979 8.17% $ 1,848 (91) 7.87% $ 1,693 (18) $ 1,757 $ 23,621 $ 1,675 $ 21,951 543 6.56% $ 536 6.45% $ 515 8,580 232 — 232 4,244 637 576 1,213 4,725 83 222 305 3,743 218 (206) 12 3,727 $ 8,272 $ 8,158 5.54% $ $ $ 10.58% $ $ $ 2.37% $ $ $ 7.60% $ $ $ 279 (5) 274 8,676 584 (4) 580 5,730 97 (96) 1 4,700 249 79 328 3,298 5.72% $ $ $ 11.09% $ $ $ 4.98% $ $ $ 6.30% $ $ $ 288 — 288 4,703 629 101 730 5,504 183 185 368 3,845 162 65 227 2,821 7.35% $ 11,688 (235) 7.20% $ 11,453 (347) 145 — $ 11,251 7.72% $ 11,624 (244) (0.16%) 7.70% $ 11,385 (240) (0.16%) 7.56% $ 11,380 (762) 134 25 7.54% $ 11,145 (1,104) 54 660 $ 10,777 $ 10,755 (1) Yields are based on quarterly average asset carrying values, excluding recognized and unrealized gains and losses, and for yield calculation (2) purposes, average assets exclude collateral associated with the Company’s securities lending program. Included in fixed maturities are equity-linked notes of $834 million, $1,004 million and $1,232 million at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, which include an equity-like component as part of the notes’ return. Investment income for fixed maturities includes prepayment fees and income from the securities lending program. Fixed maturity investment income has been reduced by rebates paid under the securities lending program. Investment income from mortgage loans on real estate includes prepayment fees. (3) (4) Real estate and real estate joint venture income is shown net of depreciation of $227 million, $220 million and $224 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Real estate and real estate joint venture income includes amounts classiﬁed as discontinued operations of $124 million, $125 million and $121 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. These amounts are net of depreciation of $48 million, $79 million and $80 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Net investment gains include $582 million of gains classiﬁed as discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2002. (5) Adjustments to investment gains and losses include amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, charges and credits to participating contracts, and adjustments to the policyholder dividend obligation resulting from investment gains and losses. MetLife, Inc. 27 Fixed Maturities Fixed maturities consist principally of publicly traded and privately placed debt securities, and represented 73.7% and 68.0% of total cash and invested assets at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Based on estimated fair value, public ﬁxed maturities represented $121,191 million, or 86.2%, and $96,579 million, or 83.7%, of total ﬁxed maturities at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Based on estimated fair value, private ﬁxed maturities represented $19,362 million, or 13.8%, and $18,819 million, or 16.3%, of total ﬁxed maturities at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company invests in privately placed ﬁxed maturities to (i) obtain higher yields than can ordinarily be obtained with comparable public market securities, (ii) provide the Company with protective covenants, call protection features and, where applicable, a higher level of collateral, and (iii) increase diversiﬁcation. However, the Company may not freely trade its privately placed ﬁxed maturities because of restrictions imposed by federal and state securities laws and illiquid markets. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are estimated using present value or valuation techniques. The fair value estimates are made at a speciﬁc point in time, based on available market information and judgments about the ﬁnancial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amounts of expected future cash ﬂows and the credit standing of the issuer or counter-party. Factors considered in estimating fair value include: coupon rate, maturity, estimated duration, call provisions, sinking fund requirements, credit rating, industry sector of the issuer and quoted market prices of comparable securities. The Securities Valuation Ofﬁce of the NAIC evaluates the ﬁxed maturity investments of insurers for regulatory reporting purposes and assigns securities to one of six investment categories called ‘‘NAIC designations.’’ The NAIC ratings are similar to the rating agency designations of the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations for marketable bonds. NAIC ratings 1 and 2 include bonds generally considered investment grade (rated ‘‘Baa3’’ or higher by Moody’s Investors Services (‘‘Moody’s’’), or rated ‘‘BBB–’’ or higher by Standard & Poor’s (‘‘S&P’’)) by such rating organizations. NAIC ratings 3 through 6 include bonds generally considered below investment grade (rated ‘‘Ba1’’ or lower by Moody’s, or rated ‘‘BB+’’ or lower by S&P). The following table presents the Company’s total ﬁxed maturities by Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations designation and the equivalent ratings of the NAIC, as well as the percentage, based on estimated fair value, that each designation comprises at: Rating Agency Designation(1) Aaa/Aa/A ********************************************** Baa *************************************************** Ba **************************************************** B ***************************************************** Caa and lower ****************************************** In or near default **************************************** Subtotal *********************************************** Redeemable preferred stock ****************************** Total ﬁxed maturities ************************************* December 31, 2002 December 31, 2001 Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value % of Total Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value % of Total $ 91,250 29,345 7,413 3,463 434 430 132,335 817 $ 97,495 31,060 7,304 3,227 339 416 139,841 712 (Dollars in millions) 69.4% $ 72,098 29,128 22.1 6,021 5.2 3,205 2.3 726 0.2 327 0.3 99.5 0.5 111,505 783 $ 75,265 29,581 5,856 3,100 597 237 114,636 762 65.2% 25.6 5.1 2.7 0.5 0.2 99.3 0.7 $133,152 $140,553 100.0% $112,288 $115,398 100.0% (1) Amounts presented are based on rating agency designations. Comparisons between NAIC ratings and rating agency designations are published by the NAIC. Based on estimated fair values, investment grade ﬁxed maturities comprised 91.5% and 90.8% of total ﬁxed maturities in the general account at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The following table shows the amortized cost and estimated fair value of ﬁxed maturities, by contractual maturity dates (excluding scheduled sinking funds) at: December 31, 2002 2001 Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value (Dollars in millions) Due in one year or less ************************************************** $ Due after one year through ﬁve years *************************************** Due after ﬁve years through ten years ************************************** Due after ten years ****************************************************** Subtotal *********************************************************** Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities ******************************* Subtotal *********************************************************** Redeemable preferred stock ********************************************** 132,335 817 Total ﬁxed maturities ************************************************* $133,152 4,592 26,200 23,297 35,507 89,596 42,739 $ 4,662 27,354 24,987 38,452 95,455 44,386 $ 4,001 20,168 22,937 30,778 77,884 33,621 $ 4,049 20,841 23,255 32,248 80,393 34,243 139,841 712 111,505 783 114,636 762 $140,553 $112,288 $115,398 Actual maturities may differ as a result of prepayments by the issuer. 28 MetLife, Inc. The Company diversiﬁes its ﬁxed maturities by security sector. The following tables set forth the amortized cost, gross unrealized gain or loss and estimated fair value of the Company’s ﬁxed maturities by sector, as well as the percentage of the total ﬁxed maturities holdings that each security sector is comprised at: December 31, 2002 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Loss Estimated Fair Value % of Total U.S. corporate securities************************************************* $ 47,021 Mortgage-backed securities ********************************************** 33,256 Foreign corporate securities ********************************************** 18,001 U.S. treasuries /agencies ************************************************* 14,373 Asset-backed securities ************************************************* 9,483 Foreign government securities ******************************************** 7,012 State and political subdivisions ******************************************** 2,580 Other ﬁxed income assets *********************************************** 609 Total bonds ******************************************************** Redeemable preferred stocks********************************************* 132,335 817 Total ﬁxed maturities************************************************* $133,152 (Dollars in millions) $3,193 1,649 1,435 1,565 228 636 182 191 9,079 12 $ 957 22 207 4 208 52 20 103 1,573 117 $ 49,257 34,883 19,229 15,934 9,503 7,596 2,742 697 139,841 712 35.0% 24.8 13.7 11.3 6.8 5.4 2.0 0.5 99.5 0.5 $9,091 $1,690 $140,553 100.0% December 31, 2001 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Loss Estimated Fair Value % of Total U.S. corporate securities************************************************* $ 43,141 Mortgage-backed securities ********************************************** 25,506 Foreign corporate securities ********************************************** 16,836 U.S. treasuries /agencies ************************************************* 8,297 Asset-backed securities ************************************************* 8,115 Foreign government securities ******************************************** 5,488 State and political subdivisions ******************************************** 2,248 Other ﬁxed income assets *********************************************** 1,874 Total bonds ******************************************************** Redeemable preferred stocks********************************************* 111,505 783 Total ﬁxed maturities************************************************* $112,288 (Dollars in millions) $1,470 866 688 1,031 154 544 68 238 5,059 12 $ 748 192 539 43 206 37 21 142 1,928 33 $ 43,863 26,180 16,985 9,285 8,063 5,995 2,295 1,970 114,636 762 38.0% 22.7 14.7 8.0 7.0 5.2 2.0 1.7 99.3 0.7 $5,071 $1,961 $115,398 100.0% Problem, Potential Problem and Restructured Fixed Maturities. The Company monitors ﬁxed maturities to identify investments that management considers to be problems or potential problems. The Company also monitors investments that have been restructured. The Company deﬁnes problem securities in the ﬁxed maturities category as securities with principal or interest payments in default, securities to be restructured pursuant to commenced negotiations, or securities issued by a debtor that has entered into bankruptcy. The Company deﬁnes potential problem securities in the ﬁxed maturity category as securities of an issuer deemed to be experiencing signiﬁcant operating problems or difﬁcult industry conditions. The Company uses various criteria, including the following, to identify potential problem securities: ) debt service coverage or cash ﬂow falling below certain thresholds which vary according to the issuer’s industry and other relevant factors; ) signiﬁcant declines in revenues or margins; ) violation of ﬁnancial covenants; ) public securities trading at a substantial discount as a result of speciﬁc credit concerns; and ) other subjective factors. The Company deﬁnes restructured securities in the ﬁxed maturities category as securities to which the Company has granted a concession that it would not have otherwise considered but for the ﬁnancial difﬁculties of the obligor. The Company enters into a restructuring when it believes it will realize a greater economic value under the new terms rather than through liquidation or disposition. The terms of the restructuring may involve some or all of the following characteristics: a reduction in the interest rate, an extension of the maturity date, an exchange of debt for equity or a partial forgiveness of principal or interest. The following table presents the estimated fair value of the Company’s total ﬁxed maturities classiﬁed as performing, potential problem, problem and restructured at: December 31, 2002 2001 Estimated Fair Value % of Total Estimated Fair Value % of Total (Dollars in millions) Performing *********************************************************************** $139,717 Potential problem ***************************************************************** 450 Problem ************************************************************************* 358 Restructured ********************************************************************* 28 Total ******************************************************************** $140,553 99.4% $114,879 386 111 22 0.3 0.3 0.0 99.6% 0.3 0.1 0.0 100.0% $115,398 100.0% Fixed Maturity Impairment. The Company classiﬁes all of its ﬁxed maturities as available-for-sale and marks them to market through other comprehensive income. All securities with gross unrealized losses at the consolidated balance sheet date are subjected to the Company’s process for MetLife, Inc. 29 identifying other-than-temporary impairments. The Company writes down to fair value securities that it deems to be other-than-temporarily impaired in the period the securities are deemed to be so impaired. The assessment of whether such impairment has occurred is based on management’s case-by- case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. Management considers a wide range of factors, as described below, about the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Considerations used by the Company in the impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to, the following: ) The length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below amortized cost; ) The potential for impairments of securities when the issuer is experiencing signiﬁcant ﬁnancial difﬁculties, including a review of all securities of the issuer, including its known subsidiaries and afﬁliates, regardless of the form of the Company’s ownership; ) The potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; ) The potential for impairments in certain economically depressed geographic locations; ) The potential for impairments of securities where the issuer, series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic type of loss or has exhausted natural resources; and ) Other subjective factors, including concentrations and information obtained from regulators and rating agencies. The Company records writedowns as investment losses and adjusts the cost basis of the ﬁxed maturities accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis for subsequent recoveries in value. Writedowns of ﬁxed maturities were $1,264 million and $273 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company’s three largest writedowns totaled $352 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. The circumstances that gave rise to these impairments were ﬁnancial restructurings or bankruptcy ﬁlings. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company sold ﬁxed maturity securities with a fair value of $14,597 million at a loss of $894 million. The gross unrealized loss related to the Company’s ﬁxed maturities at December 31, 2002 was $1,690 million. These ﬁxed maturities mature as follows: 17% due in one year or less; 19% due in greater than one year to ﬁve years; 18% due in greater than ﬁve years to ten years; and 46% due in greater than ten years (calculated as a percentage of amortized cost). Additionally, such securities are concentrated by security type in U.S. corporates (57%), asset-backed (12%) and foreign corporates (12%); and are concentrated by industry in utilities (20%), ﬁnance (18%), transportation (12%) and communications (10%) (calculated as a percentage of gross unrealized loss). Non-investment grade securities represent 23% of the $23,402 million of the fair value and 48% of the $1,690 million gross unrealized loss on ﬁxed maturities. The following table presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized losses and number of securities for ﬁxed maturities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by less than 20%, or 20% or more for: Amortized Cost December 31, 2002 Gross Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Less than 20% 20% or More Less than 20% 20% or More Less than 20% 20% or More (Dollars in millions) Less than six months********************************************* $16,733 Six months or greater but less than nine months ********************** 1,008 Nine months or greater but less than twelve months******************* 3,212 Twelve months or greater ***************************************** 1,885 Total ******************************************************* $22,838 $1,622 433 87 112 $2,254 $569 53 175 128 $925 $531 156 31 47 $765 791 91 170 170 1,222 160 25 11 21 217 The Company’s review of its ﬁxed maturities for impairments includes an analysis of the total gross unrealized losses by three categories of securities: (i) securities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by less than 20%; (ii) securities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by 20% or more for less than six months; and (iii) securities where the estimated value had declined and remained below amortized cost by 20% or more for six months or greater. The ﬁrst two categories have generally been adversely impacted by the downturn in the ﬁnancial markets, overall economic conditions and continuing effects of the September 11, 2001 tragedies. While all of these securities are monitored for potential impairment, the Company’s experience indicates that the ﬁrst two categories do not present as great a risk of impairment, and often, fair values recover over time as the factors that caused the declines improve. The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for ﬁxed maturities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by: December 31, 2002 Gross unrealized losses % of Total (Dollars in millions) Less than 20% ********************************************************************************** 20% or more for less than six months *************************************************************** 20% or more for six months or greater*************************************************************** Total *************************************************************************************** $ 925 531 234 $1,690 54.7% 31.4 13.9 100.0% The category of ﬁxed maturity securities where the estimated fair value has declined and remained below amortized cost by less than 20% is comprised of 1,222 securities with an amortized cost of $22,838 million and a gross unrealized loss of $925 million. These ﬁxed maturities mature as follows: 19% due in one year or less; 19% due in greater than one year to ﬁve years; 17% due in greater than ﬁve years to ten years; and 45% due in greater than ten years (calculated as a percentage of amortized cost). Additionally, such securities are concentrated by security type in U.S. corporates (51%) and foreign corporates (17%); and are concentrated by industry in ﬁnance (28%), utilities (14%) and communications (11%) (calculated as a percentage of gross unrealized loss). Non-investment grade securities represent 21% of the $21,913 million fair value and 33% of the $925 million gross unrealized loss. The category of ﬁxed maturity securities where the estimated fair value has declined and remained below amortized cost by 20% or more for less than six months is comprised of 160 securities with an amortized cost of $1,622 million and a gross unrealized loss of $531 million. These ﬁxed maturities 30 MetLife, Inc. mature as follows: 4% due in one year or less; 16% due in greater than one year to ﬁve years; 23% due in greater than ﬁve years to ten years; and 57% due in greater than ten years (calculated as a percentage of amortized cost). Additionally, such securities are concentrated by security type in U.S. corporates (66%) and asset-backed (21%); and are concentrated by industry in utilities (34%), transportation (20%) and asset-backed (20%) (calculated as a percentage of gross unrealized loss). Non-investment grade securities represent 53% of the $1,091 million fair value and 59% of the $531 million gross unrealized loss. The category of ﬁxed maturity securities where the estimated fair value has declined and remained below amortized cost by 20% or more for six months or greater is comprised of 57 securities with an amortized cost of $632 million and a gross unrealized loss of $234 million. These ﬁxed maturities mature as follows: 13% due in greater than one year to ﬁve years; 27% due in greater than ﬁve years to ten years; and 60% due in greater than ten years (calculated as a percentage of amortized cost). Additionally, such securities are concentrated by security type in U.S. corporates (58%), foreign governments (17%) and asset-backed (16%); and are concentrated by industry in communications (26%), foreign government (17%), asset-backed (16%), utilities (15%) and transportation (13%) (calculated as a percentage of gross unrealized loss). Non-investment grade securities represent 74% of the $398 million fair value and 78% of the $234 million gross unrealized loss. The Company held 19 ﬁxed maturity securities each with a gross unrealized loss at December 31, 2002 greater than $10 million. Seven of these securities represent 54% of the gross unrealized loss on ﬁxed maturities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by 20% or more for six months or greater. The estimated fair value and gross unrealized loss at December 31, 2002 for these securities were $202 million and $125 million, respectively. These securities were concentrated in the U.S. corporate sector. The Company analyzed, on a case-by- case basis, each of the seven ﬁxed maturity securities as of December 31, 2002 to determine if the securities were other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company believes that the estimated fair value of these securities, which were concentrated in the utility and transportation industries, were artiﬁcially depressed as a result of unusually strong negative market reaction in this sector and generally poor economic and market conditions. The Company believes that the analysis of each such security indicated that the ﬁnancial strength, liquidity, leverage, future outlook and/or recent management actions support the view that the security was not other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2002. Corporate Fixed Maturities. The table below shows the major industry types that comprise the corporate bond holdings at: December 31, 2002 2001 Estimated Fair Value % of Total Estimated Fair Value % of Total Industrial *************************************************************************** $29,077 Utility ****************************************************************************** 7,219 Finance**************************************************************************** 12,596 Yankee/Foreign(1) ******************************************************************* 19,229 Other ***************************************************************************** 365 Total ************************************************************************** $68,486 (Dollars in millions) 42.5% $26,295 7,296 10.5 10,027 18.4 16,985 28.1 245 0.5 43.2% 12.0 16.5 27.9 0.4 100.0% $60,848 100.0% (1) Includes publicly traded, U.S. dollar-denominated debt obligations of foreign obligors, known as Yankee bonds, and other foreign investments. The Company diversiﬁes its corporate bond holdings by industry and issuer. The portfolio has no exposure to any single issuer in excess of 1% of its total invested assets. At December 31, 2002, the Company’s combined holdings in the ten issuers to which it had the greatest exposure totaled $2,973 million, which was less than 2% of the Company’s total invested assets at such date. The exposure to the largest single issuer of corporate bonds the Company held at December 31, 2002 was $385 million. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, investments of $14,778 million and $13,734 million, respectively, or 76.9% and 80.9%, respectively, of the Yankee/Foreign sector, represented exposure to traditional Yankee bonds. The balance of this exposure was primarily U.S. dollar-denominated and concentrated by security type in industrial and ﬁnancial institutions. The Company diversiﬁes the Yankee/Foreign portfolio by country and issuer. The Company does not have material exposure to foreign currency risk in its invested assets. In the Company’s international insurance operations, both its assets and liabilities are generally denominated in local currencies. Foreign currency denominated securities supporting U.S. dollar liabilities are generally swapped back into U.S. dollars. The Company’s exposure to future deterioration in the economic and political environment in Brazil and Argentina, with respect to its Brazilian and Argentine related investments (including local insurance operations), is limited to the net carrying value of those assets, which totaled approximately $357 million and $150 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2002. The net carrying value of the Company’s Brazilian and Argentine related investments is net of writedowns for other-than-temporary impairments. Mortgage-Backed Securities. The following table shows the types of mortgage-backed securities the Company held at: December 31, 2002 2001 Estimated Fair Value % of Total Estimated Fair Value % of Total (Dollars in millions) Pass-through securities ************************************************************** $12,515 Collateralized mortgage obligations ***************************************************** 15,511 Commercial mortgage-backed securities ************************************************ 6,857 Total ************************************************************************** $34,883 35.9% $ 9,676 11,140 44.5 5,364 19.6 37.0% 42.5 20.5 100.0% $26,180 100.0% At December 31, 2002 and 2001, pass-through and collateralized mortgage obligations totaled $28,026 million and $20,816 million, respectively, or 80.4% and 79.5%, respectively, of total mortgage-backed securities, and a majority of this amount represented agency-issued pass-through and collateralized mortgage obligations guaranteed or otherwise supported by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or the Government National Mortgage Association. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, approximately $3,598 million and $2,866 million, respectively, or 52.5% and 53.4%, respectively, of the commercial mortgage-backed securities, and $27,590 million and $20,249 million, respectively, or 98.4% and 97.3%, respectively, of the pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, were rated Aaa/AAA by Moody’s or S&P. MetLife, Inc. 31 The principal risks inherent in holding mortgage-backed securities are prepayment, extension and collateral risks, which will affect the timing of when cash will be received. The Company’s active monitoring of its mortgage-backed securities mitigates exposure to losses from cash ﬂow risk associated with interest rate ﬂuctuations. Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities, which include home equity loans, credit card receivables, collateralized debt obligations and automobile receivables, are purchased both to diversify the overall risks of the Company’s ﬁxed maturity assets and to provide attractive returns. The Company’s asset-backed securities are diversiﬁed both by type of asset and by issuer. Home equity loans constitute the largest exposure in the Company’s asset-backed securities investments. Except for asset-backed securities backed by home equity loans, the asset-backed security invest- ments generally have little sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Approximately $4,912 million and $3,341 million, or 51.7% and 41.4%, of total asset- backed securities were rated Aaa/AAA by Moody’s or S&P at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The principal risks in holding asset-backed securities are structural, credit and capital market risks. Structural risks include the security’s priority in the issuer’s capital structure, the adequacy of and ability to realize proceeds from the collateral and the potential for prepayments. Credit risks include consumer or corporate credits such as credit card holders, equipment lessees, and corporate obligors. Capital market risks include the general level of interest rates and the liquidity for these securities in the marketplace. Structured investment transactions. The Company participates in structured investment transactions as part of its risk management strategy, including asset/liability management, and to enhance the Company’s total return on its investment portfolio. These investments are predominantly made through bankruptcy-remote special purpose entities (‘‘SPEs’’), which generally acquire ﬁnancial assets, including corporate equities, debt securities and purchased options. These investments are referred to as ‘‘beneﬁcial interests.’’ The Company’s exposure to losses related to these SPEs is limited to its carrying value since the Company has not guaranteed the performance, liquidity or obligations of the SPEs. As prescribed by GAAP, the Company does not consolidate such SPEs since unrelated third parties hold controlling interests through ownership of the SPEs’ equity, representing at least three percent of the total assets of the SPE throughout the life of the SPE, and such equity class has the substantive risks and rewards of the residual interests in the SPE. The Company sponsors ﬁnancial asset securitizations of high yield debt securities, investment grade bonds and structured ﬁnance securities and is also the collateral manager and a beneﬁcial interest holder in such transactions. As the collateral manager, the Company earns a management fee on the outstanding securitized asset balance. When the Company transfers assets to an SPE and surrenders control over the transferred assets, the transaction is accounted for as a sale. Gains or losses on securitizations are determined with reference to the cost or amortized cost of the ﬁnancial assets transferred, which is allocated to the assets sold and the beneﬁcial interests retained based on relative fair values at the date of transfer. The Company has sponsored ﬁve securitizations with a total of approximately $1,323 million in ﬁnancial assets as of December 31, 2002. Two of these transactions included the transfer of assets totaling approximately $289 million in 2001, resulting in the recognition of an insigniﬁcant amount of investment gains. The Company’s beneﬁcial interests in these SPEs as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the related investment income for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 were insigniﬁcant. The Company also invests in structured investment transactions, which are managed and controlled by unrelated third parties. In instances where the Company exercises signiﬁcant inﬂuence over the operating and ﬁnancial policies of an SPE, the beneﬁcial interests are accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting. Where the Company does not exercise signiﬁcant inﬂuence, the structure of the beneﬁcial interests (i.e., debt or equity securities) determines the method of accounting for the investment. Such beneﬁcial interests generally are structured notes, which are classiﬁed as ﬁxed maturities, and the related income is recognized using the retrospective interest method. Beneﬁcial interests other than structured notes are also classiﬁed as ﬁxed maturities, and the related income is recognized using the level yield method. The carrying value of all such structured investments, including SPEs, was approximately $870 million and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The related investment income recognized on SPEs was $1 million, $44 million and $62 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Mortgage Loans on Real Estate The Company’s mortgage loans on real estate are collateralized by commercial, agricultural and residential properties. Mortgage loans on real estate comprised 13.2% and 13.9% of the Company’s total cash and invested assets at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The carrying value of mortgage loans on real estate is stated at original cost net of repayments, amortization of premiums, accretion of discounts and valuation allowances. The following table shows the carrying value of the Company’s mortgage loans on real estate by type at: Commercial ********************************************************************* $19,552 Agricultural ********************************************************************** 5,146 Residential ********************************************************************** 388 Total ******************************************************************* $25,086 (Dollars in millions) 78.0% $17,959 5,268 20.5 394 1.5 76.0% 22.3 1.7 100.0% $23,621 100.0% December 31, 2002 2001 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total 32 MetLife, Inc. Commercial Mortgage Loans. The Company diversiﬁes its commercial mortgage loans by both geographic region and property type, and manages these investments through a network of regional ofﬁces overseen by its investment department. The following table presents the distribution across geographic regions and property types for commercial mortgage loans at: December 31, 2002 2001 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total (Dollars in millions) Region South Atlantic ******************************************************************* $ 5,076 Paciﬁc************************************************************************** 4,180 Middle Atlantic ******************************************************************* 3,441 East North Central**************************************************************** 2,147 New England ******************************************************************** 1,323 West South Central*************************************************************** 1,097 Mountain *********************************************************************** 833 West North Central *************************************************************** 645 International ********************************************************************* 632 East South Central *************************************************************** 178 Total ******************************************************************* $19,552 Property Type Ofﬁce ************************************************************************** $ 9,340 Retail*************************************************************************** 4,320 Apartments********************************************************************** 2,793 Industrial ************************************************************************ 1,910 Hotel *************************************************************************** 942 Other ************************************************************************** 247 Total ******************************************************************* $19,552 26.0% $ 4,729 3,593 21.4 3,248 17.6 2,003 11.0 1,198 6.8 1,021 5.6 733 4.2 727 3.3 526 3.2 181 0.9 26.3% 20.0 18.1 11.2 6.7 5.7 4.1 4.0 2.9 1.0 100.0% $17,959 100.0% 47.8% $ 8,293 4,208 22.1 2,553 14.3 1,813 9.7 864 4.8 228 1.3 46.2% 23.4 14.2 10.1 4.8 1.3 100.0% $17,959 100.0% The following table presents the scheduled maturities for the Company’s commercial mortgage loans at: December 31, 2002 2001 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Due in one year or less *********************************************************** $ Due after one year through two years *********************************************** Due after two years through three years ********************************************* Due after three years through four years ********************************************* Due after four years through ﬁve years *********************************************** Due after ﬁve years *************************************************************** 713 1,204 1,939 2,048 2,443 11,205 Total ******************************************************************* $19,552 (Dollars in millions) 3.6% $ 6.2 9.9 10.5 12.5 57.3 840 677 1,532 1,772 2,078 11,060 4.7% 3.8 8.5 9.9 11.6 61.5 100.0% $17,959 100.0% Problem, Potential Problem and Restructured Mortgage Loans. The Company monitors its mortgage loan investments on a continual basis. Through this monitoring process, the Company reviews loans that are restructured, delinquent or under foreclosure and identiﬁes those that management considers to be potentially delinquent. These loan classiﬁcations are generally consistent with those used in industry practice. The Company deﬁnes restructured mortgage loans, consistent with industry practice, as loans in which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s ﬁnancial difﬁculties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. This deﬁnition provides for loans to exit the restructured category under certain conditions. The Company deﬁnes delinquent mortgage loans, consistent with industry practice, as loans in which two or more interest or principal payments are past due. The Company deﬁnes mortgage loans under foreclosure, consistent with industry practice, as loans in which foreclosure proceedings have formally commenced. The Company deﬁnes potentially delinquent loans as loans that, in management’s opinion, have a high probability of becoming delinquent. The Company reviews all mortgage loans at least annually. These reviews may include an analysis of the property ﬁnancial statements and rent roll, lease rollover analysis, property inspections, market analysis and tenant creditworthiness. The Company also reviews loan-to-value ratios and debt coverage ratios for restructured loans, delinquent loans, loans under foreclosure, potentially delinquent loans, loans with an existing valuation allowance, loans maturing within two years and loans with a loan-to-value ratio greater than 90% as determined in the prior year. The principal risks in holding commercial mortgage loans are property speciﬁc, supply and demand, ﬁnancial and capital market risks. Property speciﬁc risks include the geographic location of the property, the physical condition of the property, the diversity of tenants and the rollover of their leases and the ability of the property manager to attract tenants and manage expenses. Supply and demand risks include changes in the supply and/or demand for rental space which cause changes in vacancy rates and/or rental rates. Financial risks include the overall level of debt on the property and the amount of principal repaid during the loan term. Capital market risks include the general level of interest rates, the liquidity for these securities in the marketplace and the capital available for loan reﬁnancing. The Company has a $525 million non-recourse mortgage loan on a high proﬁle ofﬁce complex that has been affected by the September 11, 2001 tragedies, causing the obligor to impair its investment in the property. The Company continues to be in discussions with the borrower concerning the borrower’s ownership interest in the property. A change in circumstances could result in a borrower default, MetLife classifying the loan as impaired or the MetLife, Inc. 33 transfer of ownership of the property to the Company. The Company did not classify this loan as a problem or potential problem as of December 31, 2002 since the obligor is performing as agreed and the estimated collateral value provides sufﬁcient coverage for the loan. Based on the Company’s current estimate that the property’s market value exceeds the loan balance, the Company would not record a loss in accordance with SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairments of a Loan (‘‘SFAS 114’’) in the event the loan was classiﬁed as impaired. The Company establishes valuation allowances for loans that it deems impaired, as determined through its mortgage review process. The Company deﬁnes impaired loans consistent with SFAS 114 as loans which it probably will not collect all amounts due according to applicable contractual terms of the agreement. The Company bases valuation allowances upon the present value of expected future cash ﬂows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate or the value of the loan’s collateral. The Company records valuation allowances as investment losses. The Company records subsequent adjustments to allowances as investment gains or losses. The following table presents the amortized cost and valuation allowance for commercial mortgage loans distributed by loan classiﬁcation at: December 31, 2002 December 31, 2001 Amortized % of Total Cost(1) Valuation Allowance % of Amortized Cost Amortized % of Total Cost(1) Valuation Allowance % of Amortized Cost Performing ******************************************** $19,343 Restructured******************************************* 246 Delinquent or under foreclosure *************************** 14 Potentially delinquent************************************ 68 98.3% $ 60 49 — 10 Total ***************************************** $19,671 100.0% $119 1.3 0.1 0.3 (Dollars in millions) 0.3% 19.9% 0.0% 14.7% 0.6% $17,495 448 14 136 96.6% $ 52 55 7 20 2.5 0.1 0.8 $18,093 100.0% $134 0.3% 12.3% 50.0% 14.7% 0.7% (1) Amortized cost is equal to carrying value before valuation allowances. The following table presents the changes in valuation allowances for commercial mortgage loans for the: Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Balance, beginning of year ************************************************************************ $134 Additions *************************************************************************************** 38 Deductions for writedowns and dispositions ********************************************************** (53) Balance, end of year ***************************************************************************** $119 $ 76 84 (26) $134 $ 69 61 (54) $ 76 Agricultural Mortgage Loans. The Company diversiﬁes its agricultural mortgage loans by both geographic region and product type. The Company manages these investments through a network of regional ofﬁces and ﬁeld professionals overseen by its investment department. Approximately 63.5% of the $5,146 million of agricultural mortgage loans outstanding at December 31, 2002 were subject to rate resets prior to maturity. A substantial portion of these loans generally is successfully renegotiated and remains outstanding to maturity. The process and policies for monitoring the agricultural mortgage loans and classifying them by performance status are generally the same as those for the commercial loans. The following table presents the amortized cost and valuation allowances for agricultural mortgage loans distributed by loan classiﬁcation at: December 31, 2002 December 31, 2001 Amortized % of Total Cost(1) Valuation Allowance % of Amortized Cost Amortized % of Total Cost(1) Valuation Allowance % of Amortized Cost Performing ******************************************** Restructured******************************************* Delinquent or under foreclosure **************************** Potentially delinquent************************************* Total****************************************** $4,980 140 14 18 96.7% $ — 5 — 1 2.7 0.3 0.3 $ 5,152 100.0% $ 6 (Dollars in millions) 0.0% 3.6% 0.0% 5.6% 0.1% $5,055 188 29 5 95.8% $3 3 2 1 3.6 0.5 0.1 $ 5,277 100.0% $9 0.1% 1.6% 6.9% 20.0% 0.2% (1) Amortized cost is equal to carrying value before valuation allowances. The following table presents the changes in valuation allowances for agricultural mortgage loans for the: Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Balance, beginning of year*************************************************************************** $ 9 Additions ***************************************************************************************** 3 Deductions for writedowns and dispositions ************************************************************ (6) Balance, end of year******************************************************************************** $ 6 $ 7 21 (19) $ 9 $ 18 8 (19) $ 7 The principal risks in holding agricultural mortgage loans are property speciﬁc, supply and demand, and ﬁnancial and capital market risks. Property speciﬁc risks include the geographic location of the property, soil types, weather conditions and the other factors that may impact the borrower’s guaranty. Supply and demand risks include the supply and demand for the commodities produced on the speciﬁc property and the related price for those commodities. Financial risks include the overall level of debt on the property and the amount of principal repaid during the loan term. Capital market risks include the general level of interest rates, the liquidity for these securities in the marketplace and the capital available for loan reﬁnancing. 34 MetLife, Inc. 64.5% 6.2 0.0 70.7 28.4 0.9 29.3 4,496 95.2 4,054 1,627 49 1,676 4.7 0.1 4.8 100.0% $5,730 100.0% Real Estate and Real Estate Joint Ventures The Company’s real estate and real estate joint venture investments consist of commercial and agricultural properties located primarily throughout the U.S. The Company manages these investments through a network of regional ofﬁces overseen by its investment department. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the carrying value of the Company’s real estate, real estate joint ventures and real estate held-for-sale was $4,725 million and $5,730 million, respectively, or 2.5% and 3.4% of total cash and invested assets, respectively. The carrying value of real estate is stated at depreciated cost net of impairments and valuation allowances. The carrying value of real estate joint ventures is stated at the Company’s equity in the real estate joint ventures net of impairments and valuation allowances. The following table presents the carrying value of the Company’s real estate, real estate joint ventures, real estate held-for-sale and real estate acquired upon foreclosure at: Type December 31, 2002 2001 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Real estate held-for-investment ******************************************************* $4,116 Real estate joint ventures held-for-investment ******************************************* 377 Foreclosed real estate held-for-investment ********************************************** 3 (Dollars in millions) 87.1% $3,698 356 — 8.0 0.1 Real estate held-for-sale ************************************************************* Foreclosed real estate held-for-sale**************************************************** 222 7 229 Total real estate and real estate joint ventures ******************************************* $4,725 Ofﬁce properties, representing 58% and 63% of the Company’s equity real estate portfolio at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, are well diversiﬁed geographically, principally within the United States. The average occupancy level of ofﬁce properties was 92% and 91% at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Ongoing management of these investments includes quarterly valuations, as well as an annual market update and review of each property’s budget, ﬁnancial returns, lease rollover status and the Company’s exit strategy. The Company adjusts the carrying value of real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment for impairments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the property may not be recoverable. The Company writes down impaired real estate to estimated fair value, when the carrying value of the real estate exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash ﬂow expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the real estate. The Company records writedowns as investment losses and reduces the cost basis of the properties accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis for subsequent recoveries in value. The current real estate equity portfolio is mainly comprised of a core portfolio of multi-tenanted ofﬁce buildings with high tenant credit quality, net leased properties and apartments. The objective is to maximize earnings by building upon and strengthening the core portfolio through selective acquisitions and dispositions. In light of this objective, the Company took advantage of a signiﬁcant demand for Class A, institutional grade properties and, as a result, sold certain real estate holdings in its portfolio during 2002. This sales program, which was substantially completed during 2002, does not represent any fundamental change in the Company’s investment strategy. Once the Company identiﬁes a property that is expected to be sold within one year and commences a ﬁrm plan for marketing the property, in accordance with SFAS 144, the Company classiﬁes the property as held-for-sale and reports the related net investment income and any resulting investments gains and losses as discontinued operations. Further, the Company establishes and periodically revises, if necessary, a valuation allowance to adjust the carrying value of the property to its expected sales value, less associated selling costs, if it is lower than the property’s carrying value. The Company records valuation allowances as investment losses and subsequent adjustments as investment gains or losses. If circumstances arise that were previously considered unlikely and, as a result, the property is expected to be on the market longer than anticipated, a held-for-sale property is reclassiﬁed to held-for-investment and measured as such. The Company’s carrying value of real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-sale, including real estate acquired upon foreclosure of commercial and agricultural mortgage loans, in the amounts of $229 million and $1,676 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, are net of impairments of $82 million and $177 million, respectively, and net of valuation allowances of $16 million and $35 million, respectively. The Company records real estate acquired upon foreclosure of commercial and agricultural mortgage loans at the lower of estimated fair value or the carrying value of the mortgage loan at the date of foreclosure. Equity Securities and Other Limited Partnership Interests The Company’s carrying value of equity securities, which primarily consist of investments in common stocks, was $1,348 million and $3,063 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Substantially all of the common stock is publicly traded on major securities exchanges. The carrying value of the other limited partnership interests (which primarily represent ownership interests in pooled investment funds that make private equity investments in companies in the U.S. and overseas) was $2,395 million and $1,637 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company classiﬁes its investments in common stocks as available-for-sale and marks them to market, except for non-marketable private equities, which are generally carried at cost. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in limited partnership interests in which it has more than a minor interest, has inﬂuence over the partnership’s operating and ﬁnancial policies and does not have a controlling interest. The Company uses the cost method for minor interest investments and when it has virtually no inﬂuence over the partnership’s operating and ﬁnancial policies. The Company’s investments in equity securities excluding partnerships represented 0.7% and 1.8% of cash and invested assets at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Equity securities include, at December 31, 2002 and 2001, $443 million and $329 million, respectively, of private equity securities. The Company may not freely trade its private equity securities because of restrictions imposed by federal and state securities laws and illiquid markets. During the year ended December 31, 2001, two exchangeable subordinated debt securities matured, resulting in a gross gain of $44 million on the equity exchanged in satisfaction of the note. In February 2002, the remaining exchangeable debt security issued to the Company matured. The debt security was satisﬁed for cash, and no equity was exchanged. The Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in the normal course of business. The amounts of these unfunded commit- ments were $1,667 million and $1,898 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. MetLife, Inc. 35 The following tables set forth the cost, gross unrealized gain or loss and estimated fair value of the Company’s equity securities, as well as the percentage of the total equity securities at: Equity Securities: Common stocks ********************************************************* $ 877 Nonredeemable preferred stocks ******************************************** 426 Total equity securities *********************************************** $1,303 $115 13 $128 $79 4 $83 $ 913 435 $1,348 67.7% 32.3 100.0% December 31, 2002 Gross Unrealized Cost Gain Loss Estimated Fair Value % of Total (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2001 Gross Unrealized Cost Gain Loss Estimated Fair Value % of Total (Dollars in millions) Equity Securities: Common stocks ************************************************************* $1,968 Nonredeemable preferred stocks ************************************************ 491 Total equity securities *************************************************** $2,459 $657 28 $685 $78 3 $81 $2,547 516 $3,063 83.2% 16.8 100.0% Problem and Potential Problem Equity Securities and Other Limited Partnership Interests The Company monitors its equity securities and other limited partnership interests on a continual basis. Through this monitoring process, the Company identiﬁes investments that management considers to be problems or potential problems. Problem equity securities and other limited partnership interests are deﬁned as securities (i) in which signiﬁcant declines in revenues and/or margins threaten the ability of the issuer to continue operating, or (ii) where the issuer has entered into bankruptcy. Potential problem equity securities and other limited partnership interests are deﬁned as securities issued by a company that is experiencing signiﬁcant operating problems or difﬁcult industry conditions. Criteria generally indicative of these problems or conditions are (i) cash ﬂows falling below varying thresholds established for the industry and other relevant factors, (ii) signiﬁcant declines in revenues and/or margins, (iii) public securities trading at a substantial discount compared to original cost as a result of speciﬁc credit concerns, and (iv) other information that becomes available. Equity Security Impairment. The Company classiﬁes all of its equity securities as available-for-sale and marks them to market through other comprehensive income. All securities with gross unrealized losses at the consolidated balance sheet date are subjected to the Company’s process for identifying other-than-temporary impairments. The Company writes down to fair value securities that it deems to be other-than-temporarily impaired in the period the securities are deemed to be so impaired. The assessment of whether such impairment has occurred is based on management’s case-by- case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. Management considers a wide range of factors, as described below, about the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Considerations used by the Company in the impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to, the following: ) The length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below cost; ) The potential for impairments of securities when the issuer is experiencing signiﬁcant ﬁnancial difﬁculties, including a review of all securities of the issuer, including its known subsidiaries and afﬁliates, regardless of the form of the Company’s ownership; ) The potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; ) The potential for impairments in certain economically depressed geographic locations; ) The potential for impairments of securities where the issuer, series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic type of loss or has exhausted natural resources; and ) Other subjective factors, including concentrations and information obtained from regulators and rating agencies. Equity securities or other limited partnership interests which are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired are written down to fair value. The Company records writedowns as investment losses and adjusts the cost basis of the equity securities accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis for subsequent recoveries in value. Writedowns of equity securities and other limited partnership interests were $191 million and $142 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company sold equity securities with an estimated fair value of $915 million and $1,311 million at a loss of $85 million and $41 million, respectively. The gross unrealized loss related to the Company’s equity securities at December 31, 2002 was $83 million. Such securities are concentrated by security type in common stock (61%) and mutual funds (35%); and are concentrated by industry in ﬁnancial (59%) and domestic broad market mutual funds (34%) (calculated as a percentage of gross unrealized loss). 36 MetLife, Inc. The following table presents the costs, gross unrealized losses and number of securities for equity securities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost by less than 20%, or 20% or more for: Cost December 31, 2002 Gross Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Less than 20% 20% or More Less than 20% 20% or More Less than 20% 20% or More (Dollars in millions) Less than six months ********************************************** Six months or greater but less than nine months *********************** Nine months or greater but less than twelve months ******************** Twelve months or greater ****************************************** Total **************************************************** $298 49 — 18 $365 $292 — — — $292 $25 — — — $25 $58 — — — $58 27 19 — 15 61 23 — — — 23 The Company’s review of its equity security exposure includes the analysis of the total gross unrealized losses by three categories of securities: (i) securities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost by less than 20%; (ii) securities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost by 20% or more for less than six months; and (iii) securities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost by 20% or more for six months or greater. The ﬁrst two categories have generally been adversely impacted by the downturn in the ﬁnancial markets, overall economic conditions and continuing effects of the September 11, 2001 tragedies. While all of these securities are monitored for potential impairment, the Company’s experience indicates that the ﬁrst two categories do not present as great a risk of impairment, and often, fair values recover over time as the factors that caused the declines improve. The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for equity securities at December 31, 2002 where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost by: December 31, 2002 Gross Unrealized Losses % of Total (Dollars in millions) Less than 20% ********************************************************************************** 20% or more for less than six months *************************************************************** 20% or more for six months or greater*************************************************************** Total *********************************************************************************** $25 58 — $83 30.1% 69.9 — 100.0% The category of equity securities where the estimated fair value has declined and remained below cost by less than 20% is comprised of 61 equity securities with a cost of $365 million and a gross unrealized loss of $25 million. These securities are concentrated by security type in mutual funds (78%); and concentrated by industry in domestic broad market mutual funds (78%) (calculated as a percentage of gross unrealized loss). The signiﬁcant factors considered at December 31, 2002 in the review of equity securities for other-than-temporary impairment were the unusual and severely depressed market conditions, the instability of the global economy and the lagging effects of the September 11, 2001 tragedies. The category of equity securities where the estimated fair value has declined and remained below cost by 20% or more for less than six months is comprised of 23 equity securities with a cost of $292 million and a gross unrealized loss of $58 million. These securities are concentrated by security type in common stock (80%) and mutual funds (15%); and concentrated by industry in ﬁnancial (80%) and domestic broad market mutual funds (15%) (calculated as a percentage of gross unrealized loss). The signiﬁcant factors considered at December 31, 2002 in the review of equity securities for other- than-temporary impairment were the unusual and severely depressed market conditions, the instability of the global economy and the lagging effects of the September 11, 2001 tragedies. The Company held two equity securities with a gross unrealized loss at December 31, 2002 greater than $5 million. Neither of these securities represented gross unrealized losses where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost by 20% or more for six months or greater. Other Invested Assets The Company’s other invested assets consist principally of leveraged leases and funds withheld at interest of $3.1 billion and $2.7 billion at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The leveraged leases are recorded net of non-recourse debt. The Company participates in lease transactions, which are diversiﬁed by geographic area. The Company regularly reviews residual values and writes down residuals to expected values as needed. Funds withheld represent amounts contractually withheld by ceding companies in accordance with reinsurance agreements. For agreements written on a modiﬁed coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance basis, assets supporting the reinsured policies equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and continue to be legally owned by the ceding company. Interest accrues to these funds withheld at rates deﬁned by the treaty terms and may be contractually speciﬁed or directly related to the investment portfolio. The Company’s other invested assets represented 1.9% of cash and invested assets at both December 31, 2002 and 2001. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company uses derivative instruments to manage risk through one of four principal risk management strategies: the hedging of liabilities, invested assets, portfolios of assets or liabilities and anticipated transactions. Additionally, Metropolitan Life enters into income generation and replication derivative transactions as permitted by its derivatives use plan that was approved by the Department. The Company’s derivative strategy employs a variety of instruments, including ﬁnancial futures, ﬁnancial forwards, interest rate, credit default and foreign currency swaps, foreign currency forwards, written covered calls and options, including caps and ﬂoors. MetLife, Inc. 37 The table below provides a summary of the notional amount and fair value of derivative ﬁnancial instruments held at: December 31, 2002 December 31, 2001 Notional Amount Fair Value Assets Liabilities Notional Amount Fair Value Assets Liabilities (Dollars in millions) Financial futures ******************************************************* $ Interest rate swaps ***************************************************** Floors **************************************************************** Caps **************************************************************** Financial forwards ****************************************************** Foreign currency swaps************************************************* Options ************************************************************** Foreign currency forwards *********************************************** Written covered calls *************************************************** Credit default swaps *************************************************** 196 9 — — 92 9 — — 2 Total contractual commitments ***************************************** $17,059 $308 3,866 325 8,040 1,945 2,371 78 54 — 376 126 — — 12 181 — 1 — — — $ — $ — 9 73 — 11 — 5 — — 26 188 12 8 — 4 — — — — 1,823 325 7,890 — 1,925 1,880 67 40 270 $320 $14,220 $289 $47 4 $ — $ — $ Securities Lending The Company participates in a securities lending program whereby blocks of securities, which are included in investments, are loaned to third parties, primarily major brokerage ﬁrms. The Company requires a minimum of 102% of the fair value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained as collateral for the loans. Securities with a cost or amortized cost of $14,873 million and $11,416 million and an estimated fair value of $17,625 million and $12,066 million were on loan under the program at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company was liable for cash collateral under its control of $17,862 million and $12,661 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Security collateral on deposit from customers may not be sold or repledged and is not reﬂected in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Separate Account Assets The Company manages each separate account’s assets in accordance with the prescribed investment policy that applies to that speciﬁc separate account. The Company establishes separate accounts on a single client and multi-client commingled basis in conformity with insurance laws. Generally, separate accounts are not chargeable with liabilities that arise from any other business of the Company. Separate account assets are subject to the Company’s general account claims only to the extent that the value of such assets exceeds the separate account liabilities, as deﬁned by the account’s contract. If the Company uses a separate account to support a contract providing guaranteed beneﬁts, the Company must comply with the asset maintenance requirements stipulated under Regulation 128 of the Department. The Company monitors these requirements at least monthly and, in addition, performs cash ﬂow analyses, similar to that conducted for the general account, on an annual basis. The Company reports separately as assets and liabilities investments held in separate accounts and liabilities of the separate accounts. The Company reports substantially all separate account assets at their fair market value. Investment income and gains or losses on the investments of separate accounts accrue directly to contractholders, and, accordingly, the Company does not reﬂect them in its consolidated statements of income and cash ﬂows. The Company reﬂects in its revenues fees charged to the separate accounts by the Company, including mortality charges, risk charges, policy administration fees, investment management fees and surrender charges. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk The Company must effectively manage, measure and monitor the market risk associated with its invested assets and interest rate sensitive insurance contracts. It has developed an integrated process for managing risk, which it conducts through its Corporate Risk Management Department, several asset/liability committees and additional specialists at the business segment level. The Company has established and implemented comprehen- sive policies and procedures at both the corporate and business segment level to minimize the effects of potential market volatility. Market Risk Exposures The Company has exposure to market risk through its insurance operations and investment activities. For purposes of this disclosure, ‘‘market risk’’ is deﬁned as the risk of loss resulting from changes in interest rates, equity prices and foreign currency exchange rates. Interest rates. The Company’s exposure to interest rate changes results from its signiﬁcant holdings of ﬁxed maturities, as well as its interest rate sensitive liabilities. The ﬁxed maturities include U.S. and foreign government bonds, securities issued by government agencies, corporate bonds and mortgage-backed securities, all of which are mainly exposed to changes in medium- and long-term treasury rates. The interest rate sensitive liabilities for purposes of this disclosure include guaranteed interest contracts and ﬁxed annuities, which have the same interest rate exposure (medium- and long- term treasury rates) as the ﬁxed maturities. The Company employs product design, pricing and asset/liability management strategies to reduce the adverse effects of interest rate volatility. Product design and pricing strategies include the use of surrender charges or restrictions on withdrawals in some products. Asset/liability management strategies include the use of derivatives, the purchase of securities structured to protect against prepayments, prepayment restrictions and related fees on mortgage loans and consistent monitoring of the pricing of the Company’s products in order to better match the duration of the assets and the liabilities they support. Equity prices. The Company’s investments in equity securities expose it to changes in equity prices. It manages this risk on an integrated basis with other risks through its asset/liability management strategies. The Company also manages equity price risk through industry and issuer diversiﬁcation and asset allocation techniques. Foreign currency exchange rates. The Company’s exposure to ﬂuctuations in foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar results from its holdings in non-U.S. dollar denominated ﬁxed maturity securities and equity securities and through its investments in foreign subsidiaries. The principal currencies which create foreign currency exchange rate risk in the Company’s investment portfolios are Canadian dollars, Euros, Mexican pesos, Chilean pesos and British pounds. The Company mitigates the majority of its ﬁxed maturities’ foreign currency exchange rate risk through the utilization of foreign currency swaps and forward contracts. Through its investments in foreign subsidiaries, the Company is primarily exposed to the Euro, Mexican peso and South Korean won. The Company has denominated substantially all assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries in their respective local currencies, thereby minimizing its risk to foreign currency exchange rate ﬂuctuations. 38 MetLife, Inc. Risk Management Corporate risk management. MetLife has established several ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial senior management committees as part of its risk management process. These committees manage capital and risk positions, approve asset/liability management strategies and establish appropriate corporate business standards. MetLife also has a separate Corporate Risk Management Department, which is responsible for risk throughout MetLife and reports directly to Metropolitan Life’s Chief Actuary. The Corporate Risk Management Department’s primary responsibilities consist of: ) implementing a board of directors-approved corporate risk framework, which outlines the Company’s approach for managing risk on an enterprise-wide basis; ) developing policies and procedures for managing, measuring and monitoring those risks identiﬁed in the corporate risk framework; ) establishing appropriate corporate risk tolerance levels; ) deploying capital on an economic capital basis; and ) reporting on a periodic basis to the Audit Committee of the Holding Company’s board of directors and various ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial senior management committees. Asset/liability management. At MetLife, asset/liability management is the responsibility of the General Account Portfolio Management Department (‘‘GAPM’’), the operating business segments and various GAPM boards. The GAPM boards are comprised of senior ofﬁcers from the investment department, senior managers from each business segment and the Chief Actuary. The GAPM boards’ duties include setting broad asset/liability management policy and strategy, reviewing and approving target portfolios, establishing investment guidelines and limits, and providing oversight of the portfolio management process. The portfolio managers and asset sector specialists, who have responsibility on a day-to-day basis for risk management of their respective investing activities, implement the goals and objectives established by the GAPM boards. The goals of the investment process are to optimize after-tax, risk- adjusted investment income and after-tax, risk-adjusted total return while ensuring that the assets and liabilities are managed on a cash ﬂow and duration basis. The risk management objectives established by the GAPM boards stress quality, diversiﬁcation, asset/liability matching, liquidity and investment return. Each of MetLife’s business segments has an asset/liability ofﬁcer who works with portfolio managers in the investment department to monitor investment, product pricing, hedge strategy and liability management issues. MetLife establishes target asset portfolios for each major insurance product, which represent the investment strategies used to proﬁtably fund its liabilities within acceptable levels of risk. These strategies include objectives for effective duration, yield curve sensitivity, convexity, liquidity, asset sector concentration and credit quality. To manage interest rate risk, the Company performs periodic projections of asset and liability cash ﬂows to evaluate the potential sensitivity of its securities investments and liabilities to interest rate movements. These projections involve evaluating the potential gain or loss on most of the Company’s in-force business under various increasing and decreasing interest rate environments. The Company has developed models of its in-force business that reﬂect speciﬁc product characteristics and include assumptions based on current and anticipated experience regarding lapse, mortality and interest crediting rates. In addition, these models include asset cash ﬂow projections reﬂecting interest payments, sinking fund payments, principal payments, bond calls, mortgage prepayments and defaults. New York Insurance Department regulations require that MetLife perform some of these analyses annually as part of the annual proof of the sufﬁciency of its regulatory reserves to meet adverse interest rate scenarios. Hedging activities. MetLife’s risk management strategies incorporate the use of various interest rate derivatives that are used to adjust the overall duration and cash ﬂow proﬁle of its invested asset portfolios to better match the duration and cash ﬂow proﬁle of its liabilities to reduce interest rate risk. Such instruments include ﬁnancial futures, ﬁnancial forwards, interest rate and credit default swaps, ﬂoors, options, written covered calls and caps. MetLife also uses foreign currency swaps and foreign currency forwards to hedge its foreign currency denominated ﬁxed income investments. Economic Capital. Beginning in 2003, the Company has changed its methodology of allocating capital from Risk Based Capital to Economic Capital. In 2002 and in prior years, the Company’s business segments’ allocated equity was primarily based on Risk Based Equity, an internally developed formula based on applying a multiple to the NAIC Statutory Risk Based Capital and includes certain GAAP accounting adjustments. Economic Capital is an internally developed risk capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The Economic Capital model accounts for the unique and speciﬁc nature of the risks inherent in MetLife’s businesses. This is in contrast to the standardized regulatory Risk Based Capital formula which is not as reﬁned in its risk calculations with respect to the nuances of different companies’ businesses. This change in methodology will be applied prospectively and will impact the level of net investment income and net income of each of the Company’s business segments. A portion of net investment income is credited to the segments based on the level of allocated equity. This methodology change of allocating equity will not impact the Company’s consolidated net investment income or net income. Risk Measurement; Sensitivity Analysis The Company measures market risk related to its holdings of invested assets and other ﬁnancial instruments, including certain market risk sensitive insurance contracts (‘‘other ﬁnancial instruments’’), based on changes in interest rates, equity prices and currency exchange rates, utilizing a sensitivity analysis. This analysis estimates the potential changes in fair value, cash ﬂows and earnings based on a hypothetical 10% change (increase or decrease) in interest rates, equity prices and currency exchange rates. The Company believes that a 10% change (increase or decrease) in these market rates and prices is reasonably possible in the near-term. In performing this analysis, the Company used market rates at December 31, 2002 to re-price its invested assets and other ﬁnancial instruments. The sensitivity analysis separately calculated each of MetLife’s market risk exposures (interest rate, equity price and foreign currency exchange rate) related to its non-trading invested assets and other ﬁnancial instruments. The Company does not maintain a trading portfolio. The sensitivity analysis performed included the market risk sensitive holdings described above. The Company modeled the impact of changes in market rates and prices on the fair values of its invested assets, earnings and cash ﬂows as follows: Fair values. The Company bases its potential change in fair values on an immediate change (increase or decrease) in: ) the net present values of its interest rate sensitive exposures resulting from a 10% change (increase or decrease) in interest rates; ) the U.S. dollar equivalent balances of the Company’s currency exposures due to a 10% change (increase or decrease) in currency exchange rates; and ) the market value of its equity positions due to a 10% change (increase or decrease) in equity prices. MetLife, Inc. 39 Earnings and cash ﬂows. MetLife calculates the potential change in earnings and cash ﬂows on the change in its earnings and cash ﬂows over a one-year period based on an immediate 10% change (increase or decrease) in market rates and equity prices. The following factors were incorporated into the earnings and cash ﬂows sensitivity analyses: ) the reinvestment of ﬁxed maturity securities; ) the reinvestment of payments and prepayments of principal related to mortgage-backed securities; ) the re-estimation of prepayment rates on mortgage-backed securities for each 10% change (increase or decrease) in the interest rates; and ) the expected turnover (sales) of ﬁxed maturities and equity securities, including the reinvestment of the resulting proceeds. The sensitivity analysis is an estimate and should not be viewed as predictive of the Company’s future ﬁnancial performance. The Company cannot assure that its actual losses in any particular year will not exceed the amounts indicated in the table below. Limitations related to this sensitivity analysis include: ) the market risk information is limited by the assumptions and parameters established in creating the related sensitivity analysis, including the impact of prepayment rates on mortgages; ) the analysis excludes other signiﬁcant real estate holdings and liabilities pursuant to insurance contracts; and ) the model assumes that the composition of assets and liabilities remains unchanged throughout the year. Accordingly, the Company uses such models as tools and not substitutes for the experience and judgment of its corporate risk and asset/liability management personnel. Based on its analysis of the impact of a 10% change (increase or decrease) in market rates and prices, MetLife has determined that such a change could have a material adverse effect on the fair value of its interest rate sensitive invested assets. The equity and foreign currency portfolios do not expose the Company to material market risk. The table below illustrates the potential loss in fair value of the Company’s interest rate sensitive ﬁnancial instruments at December 31, 2002 and 2001. In addition, the potential loss with respect to the fair value of currency exchange rates and the Company’s equity price sensitive positions at December 31, 2002 and 2001 is set forth in the table below. The potential loss in fair value for each market risk exposure of the Company’s portfolio, all of which is non-trading, for the periods indicated was: Interest rate risk *************************************************************************************** $2,710 Equity price risk *************************************************************************************** $ 120 Foreign currency exchange rate risk ********************************************************************** $ 529 $3,430 $ 228 $ 426 The change in potential loss in fair value related to market risk exposure between December 31, 2002 and 2001 was primarily attributable to a shift in the yield curve. December 31, 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) 40 MetLife, Inc. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES Independent Auditors’ Report ******************************************************************************************* Financial Statements as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 and for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000: Consolidated Balance Sheets ************************************************************************************** Consolidated Statements of Income********************************************************************************* Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity ******************************************************************** Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows **************************************************************************** Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ************************************************************************* Page F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-8 MetLife, Inc. F-1 Independent Auditors’ Report The Board of Directors and Shareholders of MetLife, Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MetLife, Inc. and subsidiaries (the ‘‘Company’’) as of Decem- ber 31, 2002 and 2001, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial state- ments. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of MetLife, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the consolidated results of their operations and their consoli- dated cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP New York, New York February 19, 2003 F-2 MetLife, Inc. METLIFE, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001 (Dollars in millions, except share and per share data) 2002 2001 ASSETS Investments: Fixed maturities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $133,152 and $112,288, respectively) ******************* $140,553 Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $1,303 and $2,459, respectively) ****************************************** 1,348 Mortgage loans on real estate**************************************************************************** 25,086 Policy loans ******************************************************************************************* 8,580 Real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment************************************************** 4,496 Real estate held-for-sale ******************************************************************************** 229 Other limited partnership interests************************************************************************* 2,395 Short-term investments ********************************************************************************* 1,921 Other invested assets ********************************************************************************** 3,727 Total investments ******************************************************************************** Cash and cash equivalents ******************************************************************************** Accrued investment income ******************************************************************************* Premiums and other receivables **************************************************************************** Deferred policy acquisition costs *************************************************************************** Other assets ******************************************************************************************** Separate account assets ********************************************************************************** 188,335 2,323 2,088 7,669 11,727 5,550 59,693 Total assets ************************************************************************************* $277,385 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Liabilities: Future policy beneﬁts *********************************************************************************** $ 89,815 Policyholder account balances *************************************************************************** 66,830 Other policyholder funds ******************************************************************************** 5,685 Policyholder dividends payable *************************************************************************** 1,030 Policyholder dividend obligation*************************************************************************** 1,882 Short-term debt *************************************************************************************** 1,161 Long-term debt **************************************************************************************** 4,425 Current income taxes payable**************************************************************************** 769 Deferred income taxes payable*************************************************************************** 1,625 Payables under securities loaned transactions ************************************************************** 17,862 Other liabilities ***************************************************************************************** 7,958 Separate account liabilities******************************************************************************* 59,693 Total liabilities************************************************************************************ 258,735 Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) $115,398 3,063 23,621 8,272 4,054 1,676 1,637 1,203 3,298 162,222 7,473 2,062 6,509 11,167 4,823 62,714 $256,970 $ 84,924 58,923 5,404 1,046 708 355 3,628 306 1,526 12,661 7,457 62,714 239,652 Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts***************************************** 1,265 1,256 Stockholders’ Equity: Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; none issued ************************* Series A junior participating preferred stock***************************************************************** Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 3,000,000,000 shares authorized; 786,766,664 shares issued at — — — — December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001; 700,278,412 shares outstanding at December 31, 2002 and 715,506,525 shares outstanding at December 31, 2001 *************************************************** Additional paid-in capital ******************************************************************************** Retained earnings ************************************************************************************** Treasury stock, at cost; 86,488,252 shares at December 31, 2002 and 71,260,139 shares at December 31, 2001*** Accumulated other comprehensive income***************************************************************** Total stockholders’ equity************************************************************************** 17,385 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity ************************************************************** $277,385 8 14,968 2,807 (2,405) 2,007 8 14,966 1,349 (1,934) 1,673 16,062 $256,970 See accompanying notes to consolidated ﬁnancial statements. MetLife, Inc. F-3 METLIFE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000 (Dollars in millions, except per share data) REVENUES Premiums************************************************************************************** $19,086 Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ************************************************* 2,139 Net investment income ************************************************************************** 11,329 Other revenues ********************************************************************************* 1,377 Net investment losses (net of amounts allocable to other accounts of ($145), ($134) and ($54), respectively) ** (784) Total revenues ************************************************************************** 33,147 $17,212 1,889 11,255 1,507 (603) $16,317 1,820 11,024 2,229 (390) 31,260 31,000 EXPENSES Policyholder beneﬁts and claims (excludes amounts directly related to net investment losses of ($150), ($159) 2002 2001 2000 and $41, respectively) ************************************************************************* Interest credited to policyholder account balances **************************************************** Policyholder dividends *************************************************************************** Payments to former Canadian policyholders ********************************************************* Demutualization costs**************************************************************************** Other expenses (excludes amounts directly related to net investment losses of $5, $25 and ($95), respectively) ** Total expenses ************************************************************************* Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes ************************************ Provision for income taxes************************************************************************ Income from continuing operations***************************************************************** 1,155 Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes********************************************* 450 Net income ************************************************************************************ $ 1,605 19,523 2,950 1,942 — — 7,061 1,671 516 31,476 Income from continuing operations after April 7, 2000 (date of demutualization) (Note 19) ******************* Net income after April 7, 2000 (date of demutualization) (Note 19) ************************************** 18,454 3,084 2,086 — — 7,022 30,646 614 227 387 86 473 $ 16,893 2,935 1,919 327 230 7,401 29,705 1,295 421 874 79 953 $ $ 1,114 $ 1,173 Income from continuing operations per share Basic *************************************************************************************** $ 1.64 $ 0.52 $ 1.44 Diluted ************************************************************************************** $ 1.58 $ 0.51 $ 1.41 Net income per share Basic *************************************************************************************** $ 2.28 $ 0.64 $ 1.52 Diluted ************************************************************************************** $ 2.20 $ 0.62 $ 1.49 Cash dividends per share ************************************************************************ $ 0.21 $ 0.20 $ 0.20 See accompanying notes to consolidated ﬁnancial statements. F-4 MetLife, Inc. METLIFE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000 (Dollars in millions) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock at Cost Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Net Unrealized Investment Foreign Currency Translation Minimum Pension Liability (Losses) Gains Adjustment Adjustment Total Balance at December 31, 1999************************ Policy credits and cash payments to eligible policyholders ** Common stock issued in demutualization **************** Initial public offering of common stock ******************* Private placement of common stock ******************** Unit offering***************************************** Treasury stock transactions, net ************************ Dividends on common stock ************************** Comprehensive income: Net loss before date of demutualization**************** Net income after date of demutualization*************** Other comprehensive income: Unrealized investment gains, net of related offsets, reclassiﬁcation adjustments and income taxes ****** Foreign currency translation adjustments ************* Minimum pension liability adjustment **************** Other comprehensive income ********************** Comprehensive income ***************************** Balance at December 31, 2000************************ Treasury stock transactions, net ************************* Dividends on common stock ************************** Issuance of warrants — by subsidiary ******************* Comprehensive income: Net income *************************************** Other comprehensive income: Cumulative effect of change in accounting for derivatives, net of income taxes ****************** Unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net of income taxes ********************************* Unrealized investment gains, net of related offsets, reclassiﬁcation adjustments and income taxes ****** Foreign currency translation adjustments ************* Minimum pension liability adjustment **************** Other comprehensive income ********************** Comprehensive income ***************************** Balance at December 31, 2001************************ Treasury stock transactions, net ************************ Dividends on common stock ************************** Comprehensive income: Net income *************************************** Other comprehensive income: Unrealized losses on derivative instruments, net of income taxes ********************************* Unrealized investment gains, net of related offsets, reclassiﬁcation adjustments and income taxes ****** Foreign currency translation adjustments ************* Other comprehensive income ********************** Comprehensive income ***************************** Balance at December 31, 2002************************ $— $ — $ 14,100 $ — $ (297) $ (94) $(19) 5 2 1 10,917 3,152 854 3 (2,958) (10,922) (152) (220) 1,173 (613) 1,472 (6) (9) 8 14,926 1,021 (613) (1,321) 1,175 (100) (28) 40 (145) 473 8 14,966 2 (1,934) (471) 1,349 (147) 1,605 22 24 658 (60) (18) 1,879 (160) (46) (60) 463 (69) $13,690 (2,958) — 3,154 855 3 (613) (152) (220) 1,173 1,472 (6) (9) 1,457 2,410 16,389 (1,321) (145) 40 473 22 24 658 (60) (18) 626 1,099 16,062 (469) (147) 1,605 (60) 463 (69) 334 1,939 $ 8 $14,968 $ 2,807 $(2,405) $2,282 $(229) $(46) $17,385 See accompanying notes to consolidated ﬁnancial statements. MetLife, Inc. F-5 METLIFE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000 (Dollars in millions) 2002 2001 2000 Cash ﬂows from operating activities Net income************************************************************************************* $ 1,605 $ 473 $ 953 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization expenses ********************************************************* Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts associated with investments, net****************** Losses from sales of investments and businesses, net ******************************************** Interest credited to other policyholder account balances ******************************************* Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ********************************************* Change in premiums and other receivables ****************************************************** Change in deferred policy acquisition costs, net ************************************************** Change in insurance-related liabilities *********************************************************** Change in income taxes payable*************************************************************** Change in other liabilities ********************************************************************* Other, net ********************************************************************************** Net cash provided by operating activities ************************************************************ 449 (519) 931 2,950 (2,139) (795) (741) 3,137 479 18 (378) 4,997 Cash ﬂows from investing activities Sales, maturities and repayments of: Fixed maturities ***************************************************************************** Equity securities ***************************************************************************** Mortgage loans on real estate ***************************************************************** Real estate and real estate joint ventures ******************************************************** Other limited partnership interests ************************************************************** 64,327 2,642 2,603 276 355 Purchases of: Fixed maturities ***************************************************************************** Equity securities ***************************************************************************** Mortgage loans on real estate ***************************************************************** Real estate and real estate joint ventures ******************************************************** Other limited partnership interests ************************************************************** Net change in short-term investments************************************************************* Purchase of business, net of cash received******************************************************** Proceeds from sales of businesses*************************************************************** Net change in payable under securities loaned transactions ****************************************** Other, net ************************************************************************************ (85,173) (1,242) (3,206) (208) (456) (477) (879) — 5,201 (759) Net cash used in investing activities **************************************************************** $(16,996) 480 (575) 737 3,084 (1,889) 476 (563) 2,567 477 41 (796) 4,512 52,382 2,065 2,069 303 396 (52,160) (3,059) (3,596) (769) (424) 74 (276) 81 360 (611) 369 (452) 444 2,935 (1,820) 925 (560) 2,042 239 (933) (865) 3,277 56,940 748 2,163 606 422 (64,918) (863) (2,787) (407) (660) 2,043 (416) 869 5,840 (812) $ (3,165) $ (1,232) F-6 See accompanying notes to consolidated ﬁnancial statements. METLIFE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (Continued) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000 (Dollars in millions) 2002 2001 2000 Cash ﬂows from ﬁnancing activities Policyholder account balances: Deposits *********************************************************************************** $ 29,844 Withdrawals ******************************************************************************** (23,980) Net change in short-term debt ******************************************************************* 806 Long-term debt issued ************************************************************************* 1,008 Long-term debt repaid ************************************************************************* (211) Common stock issued ************************************************************************* — Treasury stock acquired ************************************************************************ (471) Net proceeds from issuance of company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trust **** — Cash payments to eligible policyholders *********************************************************** — Dividends on common stock ******************************************************************** (147) Net cash provided by (used in) ﬁnancing activities **************************************************** Change in cash and cash equivalents ************************************************************** (5,150) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year******************************************************** 7,473 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year ******************************************************* $ 2,323 6,849 $ 29,167 (25,704) (730) 1,600 (372) — (1,321) 197 — (145) 2,692 4,039 3,434 $ 28,453 (28,504) (3,095) 207 (124) 4,009 (613) 969 (2,550) (152) (1,400) 645 2,789 $ 7,473 $ 3,434 Supplemental disclosures of cash ﬂow information: Cash paid (refunded) during the year: Interest ************************************************************************************ $ Income taxes ******************************************************************************* $ 424 193 $ $ 349 (262) $ $ 448 256 Non-cash transactions during the year: Policy credits to eligible policyholders *********************************************************** $ — $ — $ 408 Business acquisitions — assets **************************************************************** $ 2,630 $ 1,336 $ 22,936 Business acquisitions — liabilities*************************************************************** $ 1,751 $ 1,060 $ 22,437 Business dispositions — assets **************************************************************** $ — $ 102 $ 1,184 Business dispositions — liabilities*************************************************************** $ — $ Real estate acquired in satisfaction of debt ****************************************************** $ Purchase money mortgage on real estate sale *************************************************** $ 30 954 $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated ﬁnancial statements. $ 1,014 44 30 $ — $ 24 49 F-7 METLIFE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Summary of Accounting Policies Business MetLife, Inc. (the ‘‘Holding Company’’) and its subsidiaries (together with the Holding Company, ‘‘MetLife’’ or the ‘‘Company’’) is a leading provider of insurance and other ﬁnancial services to a broad section of individual and institutional customers. The Company offers life insurance, annuities, automobile and property insurance and mutual funds to individuals and group insurance, reinsurance, as well as retirement and savings products and services to corporations and other institutions. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated ﬁnancial statements include the accounts of the Holding Company and its subsidiaries, partnerships and joint ventures in which the Company has a majority voting interest. Closed block assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are combined on a line by line basis with the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses outside the closed block based on the nature of the particular item. See Note 7. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests in which it has more than a minor interest, has inﬂuence over the partnership’s operating and ﬁnancial policies and does not have a controlling interest. The Company uses the cost method for minor interest investments and when it has virtually no inﬂuence over the partnership’s operating and ﬁnancial policies. Minority interest related to consolidated entities included in other liabilities was $491 million and $442 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Certain amounts in the prior years’ consolidated ﬁnancial statements have been reclassiﬁed to conform with the 2002 presentation. Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of ﬁnancial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (‘‘GAAP’’) requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. The critical accounting policies, estimates and related judgments underlying the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements are summarized below. In applying these policies, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and ﬁnancial services industries; others are speciﬁc to the Company’s businesses and operations. Investments The Company’s principal investments are in ﬁxed maturities, mortgage loans and real estate, all of which are exposed to three primary sources of investment risk: credit, interest rate and market valuation. The ﬁnancial statement risks are those associated with the recognition of impairments and income, as well as the determination of fair values. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on management’s case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. Management considers a wide range of factors about the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Considerations used by the Company in the impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below amortized cost; (ii) the potential for impairments of securities when the issuer is experiencing signiﬁcant ﬁnancial difﬁculties; (iii) the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; (iv) the potential for impairments in certain economically depressed geographic locations; (v) the potential for impairments of securities where the issuer, series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic type of loss or has exhausted natural resources; and (vi) other subjective factors, including concentrations and information obtained from regulators and rating agencies. In addition, the earnings on certain investments are dependent upon market conditions, which could result in prepayments and changes in amounts to be earned due to changing interest rates or equity markets. The determination of fair values in the absence of quoted market values is based on valuation methodologies, securities the Company deems to be comparable and assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances. The use of different methodologies and assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Derivatives The Company enters into freestanding derivative transactions primarily to manage the risk associated with variability in cash ﬂows related to the Company’s ﬁnancial assets and liabilities or to changing fair values. The Company also purchases investment securities and issues certain insurance and reinsurance policies with embedded derivatives. The associated ﬁnancial statement risk is the volatility in net income, which can result from (i) changes in fair value of derivatives not qualifying as accounting hedges, and (ii) ineffectiveness of designated hedges in an environment of changing interest rates or fair values. In addition, accounting for derivatives is complex, as evidenced by signiﬁcant authoritative interpretations of the primary accounting standards which continue to evolve, as well as the signiﬁcant judgments and estimates involved in determining fair value in the absence of quoted market values. These estimates are based on valuation methodologies and assumptions deemed appropriate in the circumstances. Such assumptions include estimated market volatility and interest rates used in the determination of fair value where quoted market values are not available. The use of different assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs The Company incurs signiﬁcant costs in connection with acquiring new insurance business. These costs, which vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of new business, are deferred. The recovery of such costs is dependent upon the future proﬁtability of the related business. The amount of future proﬁt is dependent principally on investment returns, mortality, morbidity, persistency, expenses to administer the business, creditworthi- ness of reinsurance counterparties and certain economic variables, such as inﬂation. Of these factors, the Company anticipates that investment returns are most likely to impact the rate of amortization of such costs. The aforementioned factors enter into management’s estimates of gross margins and proﬁts, which generally are used to amortize such costs. Revisions to estimates result in changes to the amounts expensed in the reporting period in which the revisions are made and could result in the impairment of the asset and a charge to income if estimated future gross margins and proﬁts are less than amounts deferred. In addition, the Company utilizes the reversion to the mean assumption, a standard industry practice, in its determination of the F-8 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. This practice assumes that the expectation for long-term appreciation in equity markets is not changed by minor short-term market ﬂuctuations, but that it does change when large interim deviations have occurred. Future Policy Beneﬁts The Company establishes liabilities for amounts payable under insurance policies, including traditional life insurance, annuities and disability insurance. Generally, amounts are payable over an extended period of time and the proﬁtability of the products is dependent on the pricing of the products. Principal assumptions used in pricing policies and in the establishment of liabilities for future policy beneﬁts are mortality, morbidity, expenses, persistency, investment returns and inﬂation. The Company also establishes liabilities for unpaid claims and claims expenses for property and casualty insurance. Pricing of this insurance takes into account the expected frequency and severity of losses, the costs of providing coverage, competitive factors, characteristics of the insured and the property covered, and proﬁt considerations. Liabilities for property and casualty insurance are dependent on estimates of amounts payable for claims reported but not settled and claims incurred but not reported. These estimates are inﬂuenced by historical experience and actuarial assumptions of current developments, anticipated trends and risk management strategies. Differences between the actual experience and assumptions used in pricing these policies and in the establishment of liabilities result in variances in proﬁt and could result in losses. Reinsurance The Company enters into reinsurance transactions as both a provider and a purchaser of reinsurance. Accounting for reinsurance requires extensive use of assumptions and estimates, particularly related to the future performance of the underlying business and the potential impact of counterparty credit risks. The Company periodically reviews actual and anticipated experience compared to the aforementioned assumptions used to establish policy beneﬁts and evaluates the ﬁnancial strength of counterparties to its reinsurance agreements using criteria similar to that evaluated in the security impairment process discussed above. Additionally, for each of its reinsurance contracts, the Company must determine if the contract provides indemniﬁcation against loss or liability relating to insurance risk, in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The Company must review all contractual features, particularly those that may limit the amount of insurance risk to which the Company is subject or features that delay the timely reimbursement of claims. If the Company determines that a contract does not expose it to a reasonable possibility of a signiﬁcant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the contract using the deposit method of accounting. Litigation The Company is a party to a number of legal actions. Given the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is difﬁcult to estimate the impact of litigation on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial position. Liabilities are established when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities related to certain lawsuits, including the Company’s asbestos-related liability, are especially difﬁcult to estimate due to the limitation of available data and uncertainty regarding numerous variables used to determine amounts recorded. The data and variables that impact the assumption used to estimate the Company’s asbestos-related liability include the number of future claims, the cost to resolve claims, the disease mix and severity of disease, the jurisdiction of claims ﬁled, tort reform efforts and the impact of any possible future adverse verdicts and their amounts. It is possible that an adverse outcome in certain of the Company’s litigation, including asbestos-related cases, or the use of different assumptions in the determination of amounts recorded could have a material effect upon the Company’s consolidated net income or cash ﬂows in particular quarterly or annual periods. Employee Beneﬁt Plans The Company sponsors pension and other retirement plans in various forms covering employees who meet speciﬁed eligibility requirements. The reported expense and liability associated with these plans requires an extensive use of assumptions which include the discount rate, expected return on plan assets and rate of future compensation increases as determined by the Company. Management determines these assumptions based upon currently available market and industry data, historical performance of the plan and its assets, and consultation with an independent consulting actuarial ﬁrm to aid it in selecting appropriate assumptions and valuing its related liabilities. The actuarial assumptions used by the Company may differ materially from actual results due to changing market and economic conditions, higher or lower withdrawal rates or longer or shorter life spans of the participants. These differences may have a signiﬁcant effect on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements and liquidity. The actuarial assumptions used in the calculation of the Company’s aggregate projected beneﬁt obligation may vary and include an expectation of long-term market appreciation in equity markets which is not changed by minor short-term market ﬂuctuations, but does change when large interim deviations occur. For the largest of the plans sponsored by the Company (the Metropolitan Life Retirement Plan for United States Employees, with a projected beneﬁt obligation of $4.3 billion or 98.6% of all qualiﬁed plans at December 31, 2002), the discount rate, expected rate of return on plan assets, and the range of rates of future compensation increases used in that plan’s valuation at December 31, 2002 were 6.75%, 9% and 4% to 8%, respectively. Note 6 describes in more detail the assumptions used and status of the many plans sponsored by the Company and its afﬁliates. Signiﬁcant Accounting Policies Investments The Company’s ﬁxed maturity and equity securities are classiﬁed as available-for-sale and are reported at their estimated fair value. Unrealized investment gains and losses on securities are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income or loss, net of policyholder related amounts and deferred income taxes. The cost of ﬁxed maturity and equity securities is adjusted for impairments in value deemed to be other- than-temporary. These adjustments are recorded as investment losses. Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on a speciﬁc identiﬁcation basis. All security transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. Mortgage loans on real estate are stated at amortized cost, net of valuation allowances. Valuation allowances are established for the excess carrying value of the mortgage loan over its estimated fair value when it is probable that, based upon current information and events, the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Valuation allowances are included in net investment gains and losses and MetLife, Inc. F-9 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. are based upon the present value of expected future cash ﬂows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate or the collateral value if the loan is collateral dependent. Interest income earned on impaired loans is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan’s contractual interest rate. However, interest ceases to be accrued for loans on which interest is generally more than 60 days past due and/or where the collection of interest is not considered probable. Cash receipts on impaired loans are recorded as a reduction of the recorded asset. Real estate held-for-investment, including related improvements, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset (typically 20 to 40 years). Real estate held-for-sale is stated at the lower of depreciated cost or fair value less expected disposition costs. Real estate is not depreciated while it is classiﬁed as held-for-sale. Cost of real estate held-for-investment is adjusted for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Impaired real estate is written down to estimated fair value with the impairment loss being included in net investment gains and losses. Impairment losses are based upon the estimated fair value of real estate, which is generally computed using the present value of expected future cash ﬂows from the real estate discounted at a rate commensurate with the underlying risks. Real estate acquired upon foreclosure of commercial and agricultural mortgage loans is recorded at the lower of estimated fair value or the carrying value of the mortgage loan at the date of foreclosure. Policy loans are stated at unpaid principal balances. Short-term investments are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Other invested assets consist principally of leveraged leases and funds withheld at interest. The leveraged leases are recorded net of non-recourse debt. The Company participates in lease transactions which are diversiﬁed by geographic area. The Company regularly reviews residual values and writes down residuals to expected values as needed. Funds withheld represent amounts contractually withheld by ceding companies in accordance with reinsurance agreements. For agreements written on a modiﬁed coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance basis, assets supporting the reinsured policies and equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and continue to be legally owned by the ceding companies. The Company recognizes interest on funds withheld in accordance with the treaty terms as investment income is earned on the assets supporting the reinsured policies. Structured Investment Transactions and Variable Interest Entities The Company participates in structured investment transactions, primarily asset securitizations and structured notes. These transactions enhance the Company’s total return of the investment portfolio principally by generating management fee income on asset securitizations and by providing equity- based returns on debt securities through structured notes and similar type instruments. The Company sponsors ﬁnancial asset securitizations of high yield debt securities, investment grade bonds and structured ﬁnance securities and also is the collateral manager and a beneﬁcial interest holder in such transactions. As the collateral manager, the Company earns management fees on the outstanding securitized asset balance, which are recorded in income as earned. When the Company transfers assets to a bankruptcy-remote special purpose entity (‘‘SPE’’) and surrenders control over the transferred assets, the transaction is accounted for as a sale. Gains or losses on securitizations are determined with reference to the carrying amount of the ﬁnancial assets transferred, which is allocated to the assets sold and the beneﬁcial interests retained based on relative fair values at the date of transfer. Beneﬁcial interests in securitizations are carried at fair value in ﬁxed maturities. Income on the beneﬁcial interests is recognized using the prospective method in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (‘‘EITF’’) Issue No. 99-20, Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Certain Investments (‘‘EITF 99-20’’). The SPEs used to securitize assets are not consolidated by the Company because unrelated third parties hold controlling interests through ownership of equity in the SPEs, representing at least three percent of the value of the total assets of the SPE throughout the life of the SPE, and such equity class has the substantive risks and rewards of the residual interest of the SPE. The Company purchases or receives beneﬁcial interests in SPEs, which generally acquire ﬁnancial assets, including corporate equities, debt securities and purchased options. The Company has not guaranteed the performance, liquidity or obligations of the SPEs and the Company’s exposure to loss is limited to its carrying value of the beneﬁcial interests in the SPEs. The Company uses the beneﬁcial interests as part of its risk management strategy, including asset-liability management. These SPEs are not consolidated by the Company because unrelated third parties hold controlling interests through ownership of equity in the SPEs, representing at least three percent of the value of the total assets of the SPE throughout the life of the SPE, and such equity class has the substantive risks and rewards of the residual interest of the SPE. The beneﬁcial interests in SPEs where the Company exercises signiﬁcant inﬂuence over the operating and ﬁnancial policies of the SPE are accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting. Impairments of these beneﬁcial interests are included in net investment gains and losses. The beneﬁcial interests in SPEs where the Company does not exercise signiﬁcant inﬂuence are accounted for based on the substance of the beneﬁcial interest’s rights and obligations. Beneﬁcial interests are accounted for and are included in ﬁxed maturities. These beneﬁcial interests are generally structured notes, as deﬁned by EITF Issue No. 96-12, Recognition of Interest Income and Balance Sheet Classiﬁcation of Structured Notes, and their income is recognized using the retrospective interest method or the level yield method, as appropriate. Effective in 2003, Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’) Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of APB No. 51 (‘‘FIN 46’’) will establish new accounting guidance relating to the consolidation of variable interest entities (‘‘VIEs’’). Certain of the asset- backed securitizations and structured investment transactions discussed above meet the deﬁnition of a VIE under FIN 46. In addition, certain investments in real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests also meet the VIE deﬁnition. The Company will be required to consolidate any VIE for which it is determined that the Company is the primary beneﬁciary. The Company is still in the process of evaluating its investments with regard to the implementation of FIN 46. F-10 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The following table presents the total assets and the maximum exposure to loss relating to the VIEs that the Company believes it is reasonably possible it will need to consolidate or disclose information about in accordance with the provisions of FIN 46 at: December 31, 2002 Total Assets Maximum Exposure to Loss (Dollars in millions) Financial asset-backed securitizations and collateralized debt and bond obligations********************************* $1,719 Other structured investment transactions*************************************************************** 89 Real estate joint ventures**************************************************************************** 443 Other limited partnership interests ******************************************************************** 872 Total ************************************************************************************* $3,123 $ 9(1) 38(2) 196(3) 167(3) $410 (1) The maximum exposure to loss is based on the carrying value of retained interests. (2) The maximum exposure to loss is based on the carrying value of beneﬁcial interests. (3) The maximum exposure to loss is based on the carrying value plus unfunded commitments reduced by amounts guaranteed by other partners. Derivative Instruments The Company uses derivative instruments to manage risk through one of four principal risk management strategies: (i) the hedging of liabilities, (ii) invested assets, (iii) portfolios of assets or liabilities and (iv) ﬁrm commitments and forecasted transactions. Additionally, the Company enters into income generation and replication derivative transactions as permitted by its derivatives use plan that was approved by the New York Insurance Department (the ‘‘Department’’). The Company’s derivative hedging strategy employs a variety of instruments, including ﬁnancial futures, ﬁnancial forwards, interest rate, credit default and foreign currency swaps, foreign currency forwards, and options, including caps and ﬂoors. On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, management designates the derivative as a hedge of the identiﬁed exposure (fair value, cash ﬂow or foreign currency). If a derivative does not qualify as a hedge, according to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (‘‘SFAS’’) No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended (‘‘SFAS 133’’), the derivative is recorded at fair value and changes in its fair value are generally reported in net investment gains or losses. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. In this documentation, the Company speciﬁcally identiﬁes the asset, liability, ﬁrm commitment, or forecasted transaction that has been designated as a hedged item and states how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the risks related to the hedged item. The Company formally measures effectiveness of its hedging relationships both at the hedge inception and on an ongoing basis in accordance with its risk management policy. The Company generally determines hedge effectiveness based on total changes in fair value of a derivative instrument. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when: (i) it is determined that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash ﬂows of a hedged item, (ii) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, (iii) the derivative is de-designated as a hedge instrument, (iv) it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur, (v) a hedged ﬁrm commitment no longer meets the deﬁnition of a ﬁrm commitment, or (vi) management determines that designation of the derivative as a hedge instrument is no longer appropriate. The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash ﬂow hedges, when they have met the effectiveness requirements of SFAS 133: (i) various types of interest rate swaps to convert ﬂoating rate investments to ﬁxed rate investments, (ii) receive U.S. dollar ﬁxed on foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency cash ﬂow exposure of foreign currency denominated investments, (iii) foreign currency forwards to hedge the exposure of future payments or receipts in foreign currencies, and (iv) other instruments to hedge the cash ﬂows of various other forecasted transactions. For all qualifying and highly effective cash ﬂow hedges, the effective portion of changes in fair value of the derivative instrument is reported in other comprehensive income or loss. The ineffective portion of changes in fair value of the derivative instrument is reported in net investment gains or losses. Hedged forecasted transactions, other than the receipt or payment of variable interest payments, are not expected to occur more than 12 months after hedge inception. The Company designates and accounts for the following as fair value hedges when they have met the effectiveness requirements of SFAS 133: (i) various types of interest rate swaps to convert ﬁxed rate investments to ﬂoating rate investments, (ii) receive U.S. dollar ﬂoating on foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency fair value exposure of foreign currency denominated investments, and (iii) other instruments to hedge various other fair value exposures of investments. For all qualifying and highly effective fair value hedges, the changes in fair value of the derivative instrument are reported as net investment gains or losses. In addition, changes in fair value attributable to the hedged portion of the underlying instrument are reported in net investment gains and losses. When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is determined that the derivative no longer qualiﬁes as an effective fair value hedge, the derivative continues to be carried on the consolidated balance sheet at its fair value, but the hedged asset or liability will no longer be adjusted for changes in fair value. When hedge accounting is discontinued because the hedged item no longer meets the deﬁnition of a ﬁrm commitment, the derivative continues to be carried on the consolidated balance sheet at its fair value, and any asset or liability that was recorded pursuant to recognition of the ﬁrm commitment is removed from the consolidated balance sheet and recognized as a net investment gain or loss in the current period. When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, the derivative continues to be carried on the consolidated balance sheet at its fair value, and gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income or loss are recognized immediately in net investment gains or losses. When the hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, but is reasonably possible, the accumulated gain or loss remains in other comprehensive income or loss and is recognized when the transaction affects net income or loss; however, prospective hedge accounting for the transaction is terminated. In all other situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued, the derivative is carried at its fair value on the consolidated balance sheet, with changes in its fair value generally recognized in the current period as net investment gains or losses. MetLife, Inc. F-11 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The Company may enter into contracts that are not themselves derivative instruments but contain embedded derivatives. For each contract, the Company assesses whether the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are clearly and closely related to those of the host contract and determines whether a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would meet the deﬁnition of a derivative instrument. If it is determined that the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and that a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract and accounted for as a stand-alone derivative. Such embedded derivatives are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value and changes in their fair value are recorded currently in net investment gains or losses. If the Company is unable to properly identify and measure an embedded derivative for separation from its host contract, the entire contract is carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the current period as net investment gains or losses. The Company also uses derivatives to synthetically create investments that are either more expensive to acquire or otherwise unavailable in the cash markets. These securities, called replication synthetic asset transactions (‘‘RSATs’’), are a combination of a derivative and a cash security to synthetically create a third replicated security. These derivatives are not designated as hedges. As of December 31, 2002 and 2001, 19 and 15, respectively, of such RSATs, with notional amounts totaling $285 million and $205 million, respectively, have been created through the combination of a credit default swap and a U.S. Treasury security. The Company records the premiums received on the credit default swaps in investment income over the life of the contract and changes in fair value are recorded in net investment gains and losses. The Company enters into written covered calls and net written covered collars to generate additional investment income on the underlying assets it holds. These derivatives are not designated as hedges. The Company records the premiums received as net investment income over the life of the contract and changes in fair value of such options and collars as net investment gains and losses. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Property, Equipment, Leasehold Improvements and Computer Software Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, which are included in other assets, are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is determined using either the straight-line or sum-of-the-years-digits method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated life for company occupied real estate property is 40 years. Estimated lives range from ﬁve to ten years for leasehold improvements and three to ﬁve years for all other property and equipment. Accumulated depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements was $428 million and $552 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Related depreciation and amortization expense was $85 million, $99 million and $90 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Computer software, which is included in other assets, is stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Purchased software costs, as well as internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use computer software during the application development stage, are capitalized. Such costs are amortized generally over a three-year period using the straight-line method. Accumulated amortization of capitalized software was $317 million and $169 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Related amortization expense was $155 million, $110 million and $45 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs The costs of acquiring new insurance business that vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of new business are deferred. Such costs, which consist principally of commissions, agency and policy issue expenses, are amortized with interest over the expected life of the contract for participating traditional life, universal life and investment-type products. Generally, deferred policy acquisition costs are amortized in proportion to the present value of estimated gross margins or proﬁts from investment, mortality, expense margins and surrender charges. Interest rates are based on rates in effect at the inception or acquisition of the contracts. Actual gross margins or proﬁts can vary from management’s estimates resulting in increases or decreases in the rate of amortization. Management utilizes the reversion to the mean assumption, a standard industry practice, in its determination of the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. This practice assumes that the expectation for long-term appreciation is not changed by minor short-term market ﬂuctuations, but that it does change when large interim deviations have occurred. Management periodically updates these estimates and evaluates the recoverability of deferred policy acquisition costs. When appropriate, management revises its assumptions of the estimated gross margins or proﬁts of these contracts, and the cumulative amortization is re-estimated and adjusted by a cumulative charge or credit to current operations. Deferred policy acquisition costs for non-participating traditional life, non-medical health and annuity policies with life contingencies are amortized in proportion to anticipated premiums. Assumptions as to anticipated premiums are made at the date of policy issuance or acquisition and are consistently applied during the lives of the contracts. Deviations from estimated experience are included in operations when they occur. For these contracts, the amortization period is typically the estimated life of the policy. Policy acquisition costs related to internally replaced contracts are expensed at the date of replacement. Deferred policy acquisition costs for property and casualty insurance contracts, which are primarily comprised of commissions and certain underwriting expenses, are deferred and amortized on a pro rata basis over the applicable contract term or reinsurance treaty. Value of business acquired (‘‘VOBA’’), included as part of deferred policy acquisition costs, represents the present value of future proﬁts generated from existing insurance contracts in force at the date of acquisition and is amortized over the expected policy or contract duration in relation to the present value of estimated gross proﬁts from such policies and contracts. F-12 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Information regarding VOBA and deferred policy acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2002 is as follows: Value of Business Acquired Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Dollars in millions) Balance at January 1, 2002 ***************************************************** $1,678 Capitalizations ***************************************************************** — Acquisitions******************************************************************* 369 Total ***************************************************************** 2,047 Amortization allocated to: Net investment gains (losses) ************************************************** Unrealized investment gains *************************************************** Other expenses ************************************************************* Total amortization ****************************************************** 302 Dispositions and other ********************************************************** (6) Balance at December 31, 2002************************************************** $1,739 16 154 132 Information regarding VOBA and deferred policy acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2001 is as follows: Value of Business Acquired Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Dollars in millions) $ 9,988 $11,727 Balance at January 1, 2001 ***************************************************** $1,674 Capitalizations ***************************************************************** — Acquisitions******************************************************************* 124 Total ***************************************************************** 1,798 Amortization allocated to: Net investment (losses) gains ************************************************** Unrealized investment gains *************************************************** Other expenses ************************************************************* Total amortization ****************************************************** 119 Dispositions and other ********************************************************** (1) Balance at December 31, 2001************************************************** $1,678 (15) 8 126 Information regarding VOBA and deferred policy acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2000 is as follows: Value of Business Acquired Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Dollars in millions) $ 9,489 $11,167 Balance at January 1, 2000 ***************************************************** $ 632 Capitalizations ***************************************************************** — Acquisitions******************************************************************* 1,480 Total ***************************************************************** 2,112 Amortization allocated to: Net investment gains (losses) ************************************************** Unrealized investment gains *************************************************** Other expenses ************************************************************* Total amortization ****************************************************** 431 Dispositions and other ********************************************************** (7) Balance at December 31, 2000************************************************** $1,674 28 93 310 $ 8,944 $10,618 The estimated future amortization expense allocated to other expenses for VOBA is $147 million in 2003, $141 million in 2004, $137 million in 2005, $135 million in 2006 and $128 million in 2007. Amortization of VOBA and deferred policy acquisition costs is allocated to (i) investment gains and losses to provide consolidated statement of income information regarding the impact of such gains and losses on the amount of the amortization, (ii) unrealized investment gains and losses to provide information regarding the amount that would have been amortized if such gains and losses had been recognized, and (iii) other expenses to provide amounts related to the gross margins or proﬁts originating from transactions other than investment gains and losses. Investment gains and losses related to certain products have a direct impact on the amortization of VOBA and deferred policy acquisition costs. Presenting investment gains and losses net of related amortization of VOBA and deferred policy acquisition costs provides information useful in evaluating the operating performance of the Company. This presentation may not be comparable to presentations made by other insurers. MetLife, Inc. F-13 Total $11,167 2,340 369 13,876 5 538 1,639 2,182 33 Total $10,618 2,039 124 12,781 25 140 1,413 1,578 (36) Total $ 9,070 1,863 1,681 12,614 (95) 590 1,478 1,973 (23) $ 9,489 2,340 — 11,829 (11) 384 1,507 1,880 39 $ 8,944 2,039 — 10,983 40 132 1,287 1,459 (35) $ 8,438 1,863 201 10,502 (123) 497 1,168 1,542 (16) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Goodwill The excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired (‘‘goodwill’’) is included in other assets. On January 1, 2002, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, (‘‘SFAS 142’’). In accordance with SFAS 142, goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually to determine if a write down of the cost of the asset is required. Impairments are recognized in operating results when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 142, goodwill was amortized on a straight-line basis over a period ranging from ten to 30 years and impairments were recognized in operating results when permanent diminution in value was deemed to have occurred. Changes in goodwill were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Net balance at January 1 ************************************************************************ $609 Acquisitions ************************************************************************************ 166 Amortization************************************************************************************ — Impairment losses******************************************************************************* (8) Dispositions and other *************************************************************************** (17) Net balance at December 31 ********************************************************************* $750 $703 54 (47) (61) (40) $609 $ 611 286 (50) — (144) $ 703 Accumulated amortization from goodwill was as follows at: December 31, 2002 2001 Accumulated amortization ************************************************************************** $101 (Dollars in millions) $101 Future Policy Beneﬁts and Policyholder Account Balances Future policy beneﬁt liabilities for participating traditional life insurance policies are equal to the aggregate of (i) net level premium reserves for death and endowment policy beneﬁts (calculated based upon the nonforfeiture interest rate, ranging from 3% to 11%, and mortality rates guaranteed in calculating the cash surrender values described in such contracts), (ii) the liability for terminal dividends, and (iii) premium deﬁciency reserves, which are established when the liabilities for future policy beneﬁts plus the present value of expected future gross premiums are insufﬁcient to provide for expected future policy beneﬁts and expenses after deferred policy acquisition costs are written off. Future policy beneﬁt liabilities for traditional annuities are equal to accumulated contractholder fund balances during the accumulation period and the present value of expected future payments after annuitization. Interest rates used in establishing such liabilities range from 2% to 11%. Future policy beneﬁt liabilities for non-medical health insurance are calculated using the net level premium method and assumptions as to future morbidity, withdrawals and interest, which provide a margin for adverse deviation. Interest rates used in establishing such liabilities range from 3% to 11%. Future policy beneﬁt liabilities for disabled lives are estimated using the present value of beneﬁts method and experience assumptions as to claim terminations, expenses and interest. Interest rates used in establishing such liabilities range from 3% to 11%. Policyholder account balances for universal life and investment-type contracts are equal to the policy account values, which consist of an accumulation of gross premium payments plus credited interest, ranging from 1% to 13%, less expenses, mortality charges, and withdrawals. The liability for unpaid claims and claim expenses for property and casualty insurance represents the amount estimated for claims that have been reported but not settled and claims incurred but not reported. Liabilities for unpaid claims are estimated based upon the Company’s historical experience and other actuarial assumptions that consider the effects of current developments, anticipated trends and risk management programs, reduced for anticipated salvage and subrogation. Revisions of these estimates are included in operations in the year such reﬁnements are made. Recognition of Insurance Revenue and Related Beneﬁts Premiums related to traditional life and annuity policies with life contingencies are recognized as revenues when due. Beneﬁts and expenses are provided against such revenues to recognize proﬁts over the estimated lives of the policies. When premiums are due over a signiﬁcantly shorter period than the period over which beneﬁts are provided, any excess proﬁt is deferred and recognized into operations in a constant relationship to insurance in- force or, for annuities, the amount of expected future policy beneﬁt payments. Premiums related to non-medical health contracts are recognized on a pro rata basis over the applicable contract term. Deposits related to universal life and investment-type products are credited to policyholder account balances. Revenues from such contracts consist of amounts assessed against policyholder account balances for mortality, policy administration and surrender charges and are recognized in the period in which services are provided. Amounts that are charged to operations include interest credited and beneﬁt claims incurred in excess of related policyholder account balances. Premiums related to property and casualty contracts are recognized as revenue on a pro rata basis over the applicable contract term. Unearned premiums are included in other liabilities. Other Revenues Other revenues include asset management and advisory fees, broker/dealer commissions and fees, and administrative service fees. Such fees and commissions are recognized in the period in which services are performed. Other revenues also include changes in account value relating to corporate-owned life insurance (‘‘COLI’’). Under certain COLI contracts, if the Company reports certain unlikely adverse results in its consolidated ﬁnancial statements, withdrawals would not be immediately available and would be subject to market value adjustment, which could result in a reduction of the account value. F-14 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Policyholder Dividends Policyholder dividends are approved annually by the insurance subsidiaries’ boards of directors. The aggregate amount of policyholder dividends is related to actual interest, mortality, morbidity and expense experience for the year, as well as management’s judgment as to the appropriate level of statutory surplus to be retained by the insurance subsidiaries. Participating Business Participating business represented approximately 16% and 18% of the Company’s life insurance in-force, and 55% and 78% of the number of life insurance policies in-force, at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Participating policies represented approximately 43% and 45%, 43% and 45%, and 47% and 50% of gross and net life insurance premiums for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The percentages indicated are calculated excluding the business of the Reinsurance segment. Income Taxes The Holding Company and its includable life insurance and non-life insurance subsidiaries ﬁle a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return in accordance with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the ‘‘Code’’). Non-includable subsidiaries ﬁle either separate tax returns or separate consolidated tax returns. Under the Code, the amount of federal income tax expense incurred by mutual life insurance companies includes an equity tax calculated based upon a prescribed formula that incorporates a differential earnings rate between stock and mutual life insurance companies. Metropolitan Life has not been subject to the equity tax since the date of demutualization. The future tax consequences of temporary differences between ﬁnancial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities are measured at the balance sheet dates and are recorded as deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Reinsurance The Company has reinsured certain of its life insurance and property and casualty insurance contracts with other insurance companies under various agreements. Amounts due from reinsurers are estimated based upon assumptions consistent with those used in establishing the liabilities related to the underlying reinsured contracts. Policy and contract liabilities are reported gross of reinsurance credits. Deferred policy acquisition costs are reduced by amounts recovered under reinsurance contracts. Amounts received from reinsurers for policy administration are reported in other revenues. The Company assumes and retrocedes ﬁnancial reinsurance contracts, which represent low mortality risk reinsurance treaties. These contracts are reported as deposits and are included in other assets. The amount of revenue reported on these contracts represents fees and the cost of insurance under the terms of the reinsurance agreement. Separate Accounts Separate accounts are established in conformity with insurance laws and are generally not chargeable with liabilities that arise from any other business of the Company. Separate account assets are subject to general account claims only to the extent the value of such assets exceeds the separate account liabilities. Investments (stated at estimated fair value) and liabilities of the separate accounts are reported separately as assets and liabilities. Deposits to separate accounts, investment income and recognized and unrealized gains and losses on the investments of the separate accounts accrue directly to contractholders and, accordingly, are not reﬂected in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and cash ﬂows. Mortality, policy administration and surrender charges to all separate accounts are included in revenues. Stock Based Compensation The Company accounts for the stock-based compensation plans using the accounting method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion (‘‘APB’’) No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (‘‘APB 25’’) and has included in Note 17 the pro forma disclosures required by SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (‘‘SFAS 123’’). Foreign Currency Translation Balance sheet accounts of foreign operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at each year-end and income and expense accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. The local currencies of foreign operations are the functional currencies unless the local economy is highly inﬂationary. Translation adjustments are charged or credited directly to other comprehensive income or loss. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are reported in earnings. Discontinued Operations The results of operations of a component of the Company that either has been disposed of or is classiﬁed as held-for-sale on or after January 1, 2002 are reported in discontinued operations if the operations and cash ﬂows of the component have been or will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company as a result of the disposal transaction and the Company will not have any signiﬁcant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction. Earnings Per Share Earnings per share amounts, on a basic and diluted basis, have been calculated based upon the weighted average common shares outstanding or deemed to be outstanding only for the period after the date of demutualization. Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of the assumed conversion of forward purchase contracts and exercise of stock options, using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, exercise of the stock options and the forward purchase contracts is assumed with the proceeds used to purchase common stock at the average market price for the period. The difference between the number of shares assumed issued and number of shares assumed purchased represents the dilutive shares. MetLife, Inc. F-15 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Demutualization and Initial Public Offering On April 7, 2000 (the ‘‘date of demutualization’’), Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (‘‘Metropolitan Life’’) converted from a mutual life insurance company to a stock life insurance company and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. The conversion was pursuant to an order by the New York Superintendent of Insurance (the ‘‘Superintendent’’) approving Metropolitan Life’s plan of reorganization, as amended (the ‘‘plan’’). On the date of demutualization, policyholders’ membership interests in Metropolitan Life were extinguished and eligible policyholders received, in exchange for their interests, trust interests representing 494,466,664 shares of common stock of MetLife, Inc. to be held in a trust, cash payments aggregating $2,550 million and adjustments to their policy values in the form of policy credits aggregating $408 million, as provided in the plan. In addition, Metropolitan Life’s Canadian branch made cash payments of $327 million in the second quarter of 2000 to holders of certain policies transferred to Clarica Life Insurance Company in connection with the sale of a substantial portion of Metropolitan Life’s Canadian operations in 1998, as a result of a commitment made in connection with obtaining Canadian regulatory approval of that sale. Application of Accounting Pronouncements In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46 which requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneﬁciary of the entity if the equity investors in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling ﬁnancial interest or do not have sufﬁcient equity at risk for the entity to ﬁnance its activities without additional subordinated ﬁnancial support from other parties. FIN 46 is effective for all new variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 must be applied for the ﬁrst interim or annual period beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of FIN 46 on its consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Certain disclosure provisions of FIN 46 were required for December 31, 2002 ﬁnancial statements. See ‘‘— Structured Investment Transactions and Variable Interest Entities.’’ As of December 31, 2002, the FASB is deliberating on a proposed statement that would further amend SFAS 133. The proposed statement will address certain SFAS 133 Implementation Issues. The proposed statement is not expected to have a signiﬁcant impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure (‘‘SFAS 148’’), which provides guidance on how to transition from the intrinsic value method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation under APB 25 to the fair value method of accounting from SFAS 123, if a company so elects. Effective January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the fair value method of recording stock options under SFAS 123. In accordance with alternatives available under the transitional guidance of SFAS 148, the Company has elected to apply the fair value method of accounting for stock options prospectively to awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2003. As permitted, options granted prior to January 1, 2003, will continue to be accounted for under APB 25, and the pro forma impact of accounting for these options at fair value will continue to be disclosed in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements until the last of those options vest in 2005. In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others (‘‘FIN 45’’). FIN 45 requires entities to establish liabilities for certain types of guarantees, and expands ﬁnancial statement disclosures for others. Disclosure requirements under FIN 45 are effective for ﬁnancial statements of annual periods ending after December 15, 2002 and are applicable to all guarantees issued by the guarantor subject to the provisions of FIN 45. The initial recognition and initial measurement provisions of FIN 45 are applicable on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modiﬁed after December 31, 2002. The Company does not expect the initial adoption of FIN 45 to have a signiﬁcant impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. The adoption of FIN 45 requires the Company to include disclosures in its consolidated ﬁnancial statements related to guarantees. See Note 11. In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (‘‘SFAS 146’’), which must be adopted for exit and disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. SFAS 146 will require that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized and measured initially at fair value only when the liability is incurred rather than at the date of an entity’s commitment to an exit plan as required by EITF 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Beneﬁts and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring) (‘‘EITF 94-3’’). As discussed in Note 13, in the fourth quarter of 2001, the Company recorded a charge of $330 million, net of income taxes of $169 million, associated with business realignment initiatives using the EITF 94-3 accounting guidance. In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections (‘‘SFAS 145’’). In addition to amending or rescinding other existing authoritative pronouncements to make various technical corrections, clarify meanings, or describe their applicability under changed conditions, SFAS 145 generally precludes companies from recording gains and losses from the extinguishment of debt as an extraordinary item. SFAS 145 also requires sale-leaseback treatment for certain modiﬁcations of a capital lease that result in the lease being classiﬁed as an operating lease. SFAS 145 is effective for ﬁscal years beginning after May 15, 2002, and the initial application of this standard did not have a signiﬁcant impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (‘‘SFAS 144’’). SFAS 144 provides a single model for accounting for long-lived assets to be disposed of by superseding SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of (‘‘SFAS 121’’), and the accounting and reporting provisions of APB Opinion No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations — Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions (‘‘APB 30’’). Under SFAS 144, discontinued operations are measured at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell, rather than on a net realizable value basis. Future operating losses relating to discontinued operations also are no longer recognized before they occur. SFAS 144 (i) broadens the deﬁnition of a discontinued operation to include a component of an entity (rather than a segment of a business); (ii) requires long-lived assets to be disposed of other than by sale to be considered held and used until disposed; and (iii) retains the basic provisions of (a) APB 30 regarding the presentation of discontinued operations in the statements of income, (b) SFAS 121 relating to recognition and measurement of impaired long-lived assets (other than goodwill), and (c) SFAS 121 relating to the measurement of long-lived assets classiﬁed as held-for-sale. Adoption of SFAS 144 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements other than the presentation as discontinued operations of net investment income and net investment gains related to operations of real estate on which the Company initiated disposition activities subsequent to January 1, 2002 and the classiﬁcation of such real estate as held-for-sale on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 22. F-16 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (‘‘SFAS 142’’). SFAS 142 eliminates the systematic amortization and establishes criteria for measuring the impairment of goodwill and certain other intangible assets by reporting unit. The Company did not amortize goodwill during 2002. Amortization of goodwill was $47 million and $50 million for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Amortization of other intangible assets was not material for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. The Company has completed the required impairment tests of goodwill and indeﬁnite-lived intangible assets. As a result of these tests, the Company recorded a $5 million charge to earnings relating to the impairment of certain goodwill assets in the third quarter of 2002 as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting. There was no impairment of identiﬁed intangible assets or signiﬁcant reclassiﬁcations between goodwill and other intangible assets at January 1, 2002. Effective July 1, 2001, the Company adopted SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations (‘‘SFAS 141’’). SFAS 141 requires the purchase method of accounting for all business combinations and separate recognition of intangible assets apart from goodwill if such intangible assets meet certain criteria. In accordance with SFAS 141, the elimination of $5 million of negative goodwill was reported in net income in the ﬁrst quarter of 2002 as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting. In July 2001, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (‘‘SEC’’) released Staff Accounting Bulletin (‘‘SAB’’) No. 102, Selected Loan Loss Allowance and Documentation Issues (‘‘SAB 102’’). SAB 102 summarizes certain of the SEC’s views on the development, documentation and application of a systematic methodology for determining allowances for loan and lease losses. The application of SAB 102 by the Company did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Effective April 1, 2001, the Company adopted certain additional accounting and reporting requirements of SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities — a Replacement of FASB Statement No. 125, relating to the derecognition of transferred assets and extinguished liabilities and the reporting of servicing assets and liabilities. The initial adoption of these requirements did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Effective April 1, 2001, the Company adopted EITF 99-20, Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Certain Investments. This pronounce- ment requires investors in certain asset-backed securities to record changes in their estimated yield on a prospective basis and to apply speciﬁc evaluation methods to these securities for an other-than-temporary decline in value. The initial adoption of EITF 99-20 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Effective January 1, 2001, the Company adopted SFAS 133 which established new accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. The cumulative effect of the adoption of SFAS 133, as of January 1, 2001, resulted in a $33 million increase in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes of $18 million, and had no material impact on net income. The increase to other comprehensive income is attributable to net gains on cash ﬂow-type hedges at transition. Also at transition, the amortized cost of ﬁxed maturities decreased and other invested assets increased by $22 million, representing the fair value of certain interest rate swaps that were accounted for prior to SFAS 133 using fair value-type settlement accounting. During the year ended December 31, 2001, $18 million of the pre-tax gain reported in accumulated other comprehensive income at transition was reclassiﬁed into net investment income. The FASB continues to issue additional guidance relating to the accounting for derivatives under SFAS 133, which may result in further adjustments to the Company’s treatment of derivatives in subsequent accounting periods. Effective October 1, 2000, the Company adopted SAB No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements (‘‘SAB 101’’). SAB 101 summarizes certain of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s views in applying GAAP to revenue recognition in ﬁnancial statements. The requirements of SAB 101 did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Effective January 1, 2000, the Company adopted Statement of Position (‘‘SOP’’) No. 98-7, Accounting for Insurance and Reinsurance Contracts That Do Not Transfer Insurance Risk (‘‘SOP 98-7’’). SOP 98-7 provides guidance on the method of accounting for insurance and reinsurance contracts that do not transfer insurance risk, deﬁned in the SOP as the deposit method. SOP 98-7 classiﬁes insurance and reinsurance contracts for which the deposit method is appropriate into those that (i) transfer only signiﬁcant timing risk, (ii) transfer only signiﬁcant underwriting risk, (iii) transfer neither signiﬁcant timing nor underwriting risk and (iv) have an indeterminate risk. Adoption of SOP 98-7 did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. 2. September 11, 2001 Tragedies On September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks occurred in New York, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania (the ‘‘tragedies’’) triggering a signiﬁcant loss of life and property which had an adverse impact on certain of the Company’s businesses. The Company has direct exposure to these events with claims arising from its Individual, Institutional, Reinsurance and Auto & Home insurance coverages, and it believes the majority of such claims have been reported or otherwise analyzed by the Company. The Company’s original estimate of the total insurance losses related to the tragedies, which was recorded in the third quarter of 2001, was $208 million, net of income taxes of $117 million. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2002 includes a $17 million, net of income taxes of $9 million, beneﬁt from the reduction of the liability associated with the tragedies. The revision to the liability is the result of an analysis completed during the fourth quarter of 2002, which focused on the emerging incidence experienced over the past 12 months associated with certain disability products. As of December 31, 2002, the Company’s remaining liability for unpaid and future claims associated with the tragedies was $47 million, principally related to disability coverages. This estimate has been and will continue to be subject to revision in subsequent periods, as claims are received from insureds and the claims to reinsurers are identiﬁed and processed. Any revision to the estimate of gross losses and reinsurance recoveries in subsequent periods will affect net income in such periods. Reinsurance recoveries are dependent on the continued creditworthiness of the reinsurers, which may be adversely affected by their other reinsured losses in connection with the tragedies. The Company’s general account investment portfolios include investments, primarily comprised of ﬁxed maturities, in industries that were affected by the tragedies, including airline, other travel, lodging and insurance. Exposures to these industries also exist through mortgage loans and investments in real estate. The carrying value of the Company’s investment portfolio exposed to industries affected by the tragedies was approximately $3.7 billion at December 31, 2002. The long-term effects of the tragedies on the Company’s businesses cannot be assessed at this time. The tragedies have had signiﬁcant adverse effects on the general economic, market and political conditions, increasing many of the Company’s business risks. This may have a negative effect on MetLife’s businesses and results of operations over time. In particular, the declines in share prices experienced after the reopening of the U.S. equity markets following the tragedies have contributed, and may continue to contribute, to a decline in separate account assets, which in turn may have an adverse effect on fees earned in the Company’s businesses. In addition, the Company has received and expects to continue to receive disability claims from individuals resulting from the tragedies. MetLife, Inc. F-17 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. 3. Investments Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities Fixed maturities and equity securities at December 31, 2002 were as follows: Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Loss (Dollars in millions) Estimated Fair Value Fixed Maturities: Bonds: U.S. corporate securities************************************************** $ 47,021 Mortgage-backed securities *********************************************** 33,256 Foreign corporate securities *********************************************** 18,001 U.S. treasuries /agencies ************************************************** 14,373 Asset-backed securities ************************************************** 9,483 Foreign government securities ********************************************* 7,012 States and political subdivisions ******************************************** 2,580 Other ﬁxed income assets ************************************************ 609 Total bonds ********************************************************* Redeemable preferred stocks************************************************ 132,335 817 Total ﬁxed maturities************************************************** $133,152 $3,193 1,649 1,435 1,565 228 636 182 191 9,079 12 $ 957 22 207 4 208 52 20 103 1,573 117 $ 49,257 34,883 19,229 15,934 9,503 7,596 2,742 697 139,841 712 $9,091 $1,690 $140,553 Equity Securities: Common stocks*********************************************************** $ Nonredeemable preferred stocks ********************************************* 877 426 Total equity securities************************************************* $ 1,303 $ 115 13 $ 128 $ $ 79 4 83 $ $ 913 435 1,348 Fixed maturities and equity securities at December 31, 2001 were as follows: Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Loss (Dollars in millions) Estimated Fair Value Fixed Maturities: Bonds: U.S. corporate securities************************************************** $ 43,141 Mortgage-backed securities *********************************************** 25,506 Foreign corporate securities *********************************************** 16,836 U.S. treasuries /agencies ************************************************** 8,297 Asset-backed securities ************************************************** 8,115 Foreign government securities ********************************************* 5,488 States and political subdivisions ******************************************** 2,248 Other ﬁxed income assets ************************************************ 1,874 Total bonds ********************************************************* Redeemable preferred stocks************************************************ 111,505 783 Total ﬁxed maturities************************************************** $112,288 $1,470 866 688 1,031 154 544 68 238 5,059 12 $ 748 192 539 43 206 37 21 142 1,928 33 $ 43,863 26,180 16,985 9,285 8,063 5,995 2,295 1,970 114,636 762 $5,071 $1,961 $115,398 Equity Securities: Common stocks*********************************************************** $ Nonredeemable preferred stocks ********************************************* Total equity securities************************************************* $ 1,968 491 2,459 $ 657 28 $ 685 $ $ 78 3 81 $ $ 2,547 516 3,063 The Company held foreign currency derivatives with notional amounts of $2,371 million and $1,925 million to hedge the exchange rate risk associated with foreign bonds at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company held ﬁxed maturities at estimated fair values that were below investment grade or not rated by an independent rating agency that totaled $11,286 million and $9,790 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Non-income producing ﬁxed maturities were $416 million and $237 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. F-18 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The cost or amortized cost and estimated fair value of bonds at December 31, 2002, by contractual maturity date (excluding scheduled sinking funds), are shown below: Due in one year or less *************************************************************** Due after one year through ﬁve years **************************************************** Due after ﬁve years through ten years**************************************************** Due after ten years ******************************************************************* Subtotal ******************************************************************** Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities ******************************************** Subtotal ******************************************************************** Redeemable preferred stock *********************************************************** Total ﬁxed maturities ********************************************************** Cost or Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value (Dollars in millions) $ 4,592 26,200 23,297 35,507 89,596 42,739 132,335 817 $ 4,662 27,354 24,987 38,452 95,455 44,386 139,841 712 $133,152 $140,553 Actual maturities may differ as a result of prepayments by the issuer. Bonds not due at a single maturity date have been included in the above table in the year of ﬁnal maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of prepayment options. Sales of ﬁxed maturities and equity securities classiﬁed as available-for-sale were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Proceeds ****************************************************************************** $37,427 Gross investment gains ****************************************************************** $ 1,661 Gross investment losses ***************************************************************** $ (979) $28,105 646 $ (948) $ $46,205 $ 599 $ (1,520) Gross investment losses above exclude writedowns recorded during 2002, 2001 and 2000 for other than temporarily impaired available-for-sale ﬁxed maturities and equity securities of $1,375 million, $278 million and $324 million, respectively. Excluding investments in U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies, the Company is not exposed to any signiﬁcant concentration of credit risk in its ﬁxed maturities portfolio. Securities Lending Program The Company participates in securities lending programs whereby blocks of securities, which are included in investments, are loaned to third parties, primarily major brokerage ﬁrms. The Company requires a minimum of 102% of the fair value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained as collateral for the loans. Securities with a cost or amortized cost of $14,873 million and $11,416 million and an estimated fair value of $17,625 million and $12,066 million were on loan under the program at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company was liable for cash collateral under its control of $17,862 million and $12,661 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Security collateral on deposit from customers may not be sold or repledged and is not reﬂected in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Structured Investment Transactions The Company securitizes high yield debt securities, investment grade bonds and structured ﬁnance securities. The Company has sponsored ﬁve securitizations with a total of approximately $1,323 million in ﬁnancial assets as of December 31, 2002. Two of these transactions included the transfer of assets totaling approximately $289 million in 2001, resulting in the recognition of an insigniﬁcant amount of investment gains. The Company’s beneﬁcial interests in these SPEs as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the related investment income for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 were insigniﬁcant. The Company also invests in structured notes and similar type instruments, which generally provide equity-based returns on debt securities. The carrying value of such investments was approximately $870 million and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The related income recognized was $1 million, $44 million and $62 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Assets on Deposit and Held in Trust The Company had investment assets on deposit with regulatory agencies with a fair market value of $936 million and $845 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Company securities held in trust to satisfy collateral requirements had an amortized cost of $1,949 million and $1,918 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. MetLife, Inc. F-19 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Mortgage loans on real estate were categorized as follows: December 31, 2002 2001 Amount Percent Amount Percent (Dollars in millions) Commercial mortgage loans************************************************** $19,671 Agricultural mortgage loans*************************************************** 5,152 Residential mortgage loans*************************************************** 389 Total****************************************************************** 25,212 78% 20 2 100% Less: Valuation allowances *************************************************** 126 Mortgage loans ******************************************************** $25,086 76% 22 2 100% $18,093 5,277 395 23,765 144 $23,621 Mortgage loans on real estate are collateralized by properties primarily located throughout the United States. At December 31, 2002, approximately 18%, 8% and 8% of the properties were located in California, New York and Florida, respectively. Generally, the Company (as the lender) requires that a minimum of one-fourth of the purchase price of the underlying real estate be paid by the borrower. Certain of the Company’s real estate joint ventures have mortgage loans with the Company. The carrying values of such mortgages were $620 million and $644 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Changes in mortgage loan valuation allowances were as follows: Balance at January 1 ************************************************************************* $144 Additions *********************************************************************************** 41 Deductions for writedowns and dispositions ****************************************************** (59) Acquisitions of afﬁliates *********************************************************************** — Balance at December 31********************************************************************** $126 $ 83 106 (45) — $144 $ 90 38 (74) 29 $ 83 A portion of the Company’s mortgage loans on real estate was impaired and consisted of the following: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) Impaired mortgage loans with valuation allowances ********************************************************** $627 Impaired mortgage loans without valuation allowances******************************************************** 261 Total ********************************************************************************************* Less: Valuation allowances on impaired mortgages ********************************************************** 888 125 Impaired mortgage loans **************************************************************************** $763 $ 816 324 1,140 140 $1,000 The average investment in impaired mortgage loans on real estate was $1,088 million, $947 million and $912 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Interest income on impaired mortgage loans was $91 million, $103 million and $80 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The investment in restructured mortgage loans on real estate was $414 million and $685 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Interest income of $44 million, $76 million and $77 million was recognized on restructured loans for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Gross interest income that would have been recorded in accordance with the original terms of such loans amounted to $41 million, $60 million and $74 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Mortgage loans on real estate with scheduled payments of 60 days (90 days for agriculture mortgages) or more past due or in foreclosure had an amortized cost of $40 million and $53 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. F-20 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Real Estate and Real Estate Joint Ventures Real estate and real estate joint ventures consisted of the following: December 31, 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) Real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment **************************************** $4,684 Impairments ********************************************************************************* (188) Total *********************************************************************************** Real estate held-for-sale *********************************************************************** Impairments ********************************************************************************* Valuation allowance *************************************************************************** Total *********************************************************************************** 229 Real estate and real estate joint ventures ************************************************* $4,725 327 (82) (16) 4,496 $4,211 (157) 4,054 1,888 (177) (35) 1,676 $5,730 Accumulated depreciation on real estate was $1,951 million and $2,504 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Related depreciation expense was $227 million, $220 million and $224 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. These amounts include $48 million, $79 million and $80 million of depreciation expense related to discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Real estate and real estate joint ventures were categorized as follows: December 31, 2002 2001 Amount Percent Amount Percent Ofﬁce *************************************************************************** $2,733 Retail**************************************************************************** 699 Apartments*********************************************************************** 835 Land **************************************************************************** 87 Agriculture *********************************************************************** 7 Other**************************************************************************** 364 Total ******************************************************************** $4,725 (Dollars in millions) 58% 15 18 2 — 7 $3,637 780 740 184 14 375 63% 14 13 3 — 7 100% $5,730 100% The Company’s real estate holdings are primarily located throughout the United States. At December 31, 2002, approximately 37%, 21% and 13% of the Company’s real estate holdings were located in New York, California and Texas, respectively. Changes in real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-sale valuation allowance were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Balance at January 1 **************************************************************************** $ 35 Additions charged to operations ******************************************************************* 21 Deductions for writedowns and dispositions ********************************************************* (40) Balance at December 31 ************************************************************************* $ 16 $ 39 16 (20) $ 35 $ 34 17 (12) $ 39 Investment income related to impaired real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment was $40 million, $22 million and $11 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Investment income related to impaired real estate and real estate joint ventures held- for-sale was $11 million, $31 million and $52 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The carrying value of non- income producing real estate and real estate joint ventures was $63 million and $14 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company owned real estate acquired in satisfaction of debt of $10 million and $49 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Leveraged Leases Leveraged leases, included in other invested assets, consisted of the following: Investment ********************************************************************************** $ 985 Estimated residual values ********************************************************************** 428 Total *********************************************************************************** Unearned income **************************************************************************** 1,413 (368) Leveraged leases ************************************************************************ $1,045 $1,070 505 1,575 (404) $1,171 December 31, 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) MetLife, Inc. F-21 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The investment amounts set forth above are generally due in monthly installments. The payment periods generally range from two to 15 years, but in certain circumstances are as long as 30 years. These receivables are generally collateralized by the related property. The Company’s deferred tax provision related to leveraged leases was $981 million and $1,077 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Net Investment Income The components of net investment income were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Fixed maturities ************************************************************************* $ 8,384 Equity securities ************************************************************************ 26 Mortgage loans on real estate************************************************************* 1,883 Real estate and real estate joint ventures(1) ************************************************* 1,053 Policy loans **************************************************************************** 543 Other limited partnership interests********************************************************** 57 Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments ****************************************** 248 Other ********************************************************************************* 218 Total ****************************************************************************** Less: Investment expenses(1) ************************************************************* 12,412 1,083 Net investment income ************************************************************** $11,329 $ 8,574 49 1,848 932 536 48 279 249 12,515 1,260 $ 8,538 41 1,693 989 515 142 288 162 12,368 1,344 $11,255 $11,024 (1) Excludes amounts related to real estate held-for-sale presented as discontinued operations in accordance with SFAS 144. Net Investment Losses Net investment losses, including changes in valuation allowances, were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Fixed maturities ****************************************************************************** $(917) Equity securities****************************************************************************** 224 Mortgage loans on real estate ****************************************************************** (22) Real estate and real estate joint ventures(1)******************************************************* (6) Other limited partnership interests *************************************************************** (2) Sales of businesses ************************************************************************** — Other ************************************************************************************** (206) Total *********************************************************************************** (929) Amounts allocable to: Deferred policy acquisition costs************************************************************** Participating contracts*********************************************************************** Policyholder dividend obligation *************************************************************** (5) (7) 157 Total net investment losses **************************************************************** $(784) $(645) 65 (91) (4) (161) 25 74 (737) (25) — 159 $(1,437) 192 (18) 101 (7) 660 65 (444) 95 (126) 85 $(603) $ (390) (1) The amount presented for the year ended December 31, 2002 excludes amounts related to sales of real estate held-for-sale presented as discontinued operations in accordance with SFAS 144. Investment gains and losses are net of related policyholder amounts. The amounts netted against investment gains and losses are (i) amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs to the extent that such amortization results from investment gains and losses, (ii) adjustments to participating contractholder accounts when amounts equal to such investment gains and losses are applied to the contractholder’s accounts, and (iii) adjustments to the policyholder dividend obligation resulting from investment gains and losses. This presentation may not be comparable to presentations made by other insurers. F-22 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Net Unrealized Investment Gains The components of net unrealized investment gains, included in accumulated other comprehensive income, were as follows: Fixed maturities *************************************************************************** $ 7,371 Equity securities ************************************************************************** 45 Derivatives ******************************************************************************* (24) Other invested assets ********************************************************************* 17 Total ******************************************************************************** 7,409 $ 3,110 604 71 59 $ 1,677 744 — 58 3,844 2,479 Amounts allocable to: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Future policy beneﬁt loss recognition ******************************************************* Deferred policy acquisition costs ********************************************************** Participating contracts ******************************************************************* Policyholder dividend obligation *********************************************************** Deferred income taxes********************************************************************* Total ******************************************************************************** (5,127) Net unrealized investment gains ***************************************************** $ 2,282 (1,269) (559) (153) (1,882) (1,264) (30) (21) (127) (708) (1,079) (1,965) (284) 119 (133) (385) (621) (1,304) $ 1,879 $ 1,175 The changes in net unrealized investment gains were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Balance at January 1 *********************************************************************** $ 1,879 Unrealized investment gains during the year **************************************************** 3,565 Unrealized investment gains (losses) relating to: Future policy beneﬁt (loss) gain recognition *************************************************** (1,239) Deferred policy acquisition costs *********************************************************** (538) Participating contracts ******************************************************************** (26) Policyholder dividend obligation ************************************************************ (1,174) Deferred income taxes********************************************************************** (185) Balance at December 31 ******************************************************************* $ 2,282 $1,175 1,365 $ (297) 3,279 254 (140) 6 (323) (458) (35) (590) (15) (385) (782) $1,879 $1,175 Net change in unrealized investment gains ***************************************************** $ 403 $ 704 $1,472 4. Derivative Instruments The table below provides a summary of notional amount and fair value of derivative ﬁnancial instruments held at December 31, 2002 and 2001: 2002 2001 Notional Amount Fair Value Assets Liabilities Notional Amount Fair Value Assets Liabilities (Dollars in millions) Financial futures ************************************************************** $ Interest rate swaps ************************************************************ 196 Floors *********************************************************************** 9 Caps *********************************************************************** — Financial forwards ************************************************************* — Foreign currency swaps******************************************************** 92 Options ********************************************************************* 9 Foreign currency forwards ****************************************************** — Written covered calls ********************************************************** — Credit default swaps ********************************************************** 2 Total contractual commitments ************************************************** $17,059 $308 3,866 325 8,040 1,945 2,371 78 54 — 376 126 — — 12 181 — 1 — — — $ — $ — 9 73 — 11 — 5 — — 26 188 12 8 — 4 — — — — 1,823 325 7,890 — 1,925 1,880 67 40 270 $320 $14,220 $289 $47 4 $ — $ — $ MetLife, Inc. F-23 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The following is a reconciliation of the notional amounts by derivative type and strategy at December 31, 2002 and 2001: December 31, 2001 Notional Amount Additions Maturities Notional Amount Terminations/ December 31, 2002 (Dollars in millions) BY DERIVATIVE TYPE Financial futures *************************************************** Interest rate swaps************************************************* Floors************************************************************ Caps ************************************************************ Financial forwards************************************************** Foreign currency swaps ******************************************** Options ********************************************************** Foreign currency forwards******************************************* Written covered calls *********************************************** Credit default swaps *********************************************** Total contractual commitments *********************************** BY DERIVATIVE STRATEGY Liability hedging *************************************************** Invested asset hedging ********************************************* Portfolio hedging*************************************************** Firm commitments and forecasted transactions ************************* Total contractual commitments *********************************** $ — 1,823 325 7,890 — 1,925 1,880 67 40 270 $ 760 3,005 — 3,870 2,945 760 55 19 — 121 $14,220 $11,535 $ 8,888 4,802 530 — $14,220 $ 3,937 4,581 2,104 913 $11,535 $ 756 962 — 3,720 1,000 314 1,857 32 40 15 $8,696 $3,871 3,972 — 853 $8,696 $ 4 3,866 325 8,040 1,945 2,371 78 54 — 376 $17,059 $ 8,954 5,411 2,634 60 $17,059 The following table presents the notional amounts of derivative ﬁnancial instruments by maturity at December 31, 2002: Remaining Life After One After Five One Year Year Through Years Through or Less Five Years Ten Years (Dollars in millions) Financial futures ***************************************************** Interest rate swaps*************************************************** Floors************************************************************** Caps ************************************************************** Financial forwards**************************************************** Foreign currency swaps ********************************************** Options ************************************************************ Foreign currency forwards********************************************* Written covered calls ************************************************* Credit default swaps ************************************************* Total contractual commitments ************************************* $ 4 64 — 1,120 1,945 88 3 53 — 45 $ — 1,887 — 6,920 — 962 20 1 — 331 $3,322 $10,121 $ — 1,630 325 — — 851 — — — — $2,806 After Ten Years Total $ — $ 285 — — — 470 55 — — — 4 3,866 325 8,040 1,945 2,371 78 54 — 376 $810 $17,059 The following table presents the notional amounts and fair values of derivatives by type of hedge designation at December 31, 2002 and 2001: 2002 2001 Notional Amount Fair Value Assets Liabilities Notional Amount Fair Value Assets Liabilities (Dollars in millions) BY TYPE OF HEDGE Fair value ************************************************************ $ Cash ﬂow *********************************************************** Non qualifying ******************************************************** 420 $ — $ 64 73 69 183 239 Total ******************************************************** $17,059 $308 3,520 13,119 $320 $ — $ — $ — 1 61 46 228 607 13,613 $14,220 $289 $47 For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, the Company recognized net investment income of $23 million, $32 million and $13 million, respectively, from the periodic settlement of interest rate and foreign currency swaps. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company recognized $30 million in net investment losses related to qualifying fair value hedges. Accordingly, $34 million of unrealized gains on fair value hedged investments were recognized in net investment gains and losses. There were no derivatives designated as fair value hedges during the year ended December 31, 2001. There were no discontinued hedges during the year ended December 31, 2002. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income relating to cash ﬂow hedges were losses of $24 million and gains of $71 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company recognized other comprehensive F-24 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. losses of $142 million relating to the effective portion of cash ﬂow hedges. During the year ended December 31, 2002, $10 million of other comprehensive income and $57 million of other comprehensive losses were reclassiﬁed into net investment income and net investment losses, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2001, $19 million of other comprehensive income was reclassiﬁed into net investment income due to the SFAS 133 transition adjustment. Approximately $6 million and $12 million of the losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2002 are expected to be reclassiﬁed during the year ending December 31, 2003 into net investment income and net investment gains and losses, respectively, as the underlying investments mature or expire according to their original terms. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company recognized net investment income of $32 million and $24 million, respectively, and net investment losses of $172 million and net investment gains of $100 million, respectively, from derivatives not qualifying as accounting hedges. The use of these non-speculative derivatives is permitted by the Department. 5. Fair Value Information The estimated fair values of ﬁnancial instruments have been determined by using available market information and the valuation methodologies described below. Considerable judgment is often required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein may not necessarily be indicative of amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. The use of different assumptions or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Amounts related to the Company’s ﬁnancial instruments were as follows: Notional Amount Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2002 Assets: Fixed maturities ********************************************************************** Equity securities ********************************************************************* Mortgage loans on real estate ********************************************************* Policy loans ************************************************************************* Short-term investments *************************************************************** Cash and cash equivalents ************************************************************ Mortgage loan commitments*********************************************************** $ 859 Commitments to fund partnership investments ******************************************** $1,667 Liabilities: Policyholder account balances ********************************************************* Short-term debt ********************************************************************* Long-term debt********************************************************************** Payable under securities loaned transactions ********************************************* $140,553 $ 1,348 $ 25,086 8,580 $ 1,921 $ 2,323 $ — $ — $ $ 55,285 1,161 $ $ 4,425 $ 17,862 $140,553 $ 1,348 $ 27,778 8,580 $ 1,921 $ 2,323 $ 12 $ — $ $ 55,909 1,161 $ $ 4,731 $ 17,862 Other: Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts********************* $ 1,265 $ 1,337 Notional Amount Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2001 Assets: Fixed maturities ********************************************************************** Equity securities ********************************************************************* Mortgage loans on real estate ********************************************************* Policy loans ************************************************************************* Short-term investments *************************************************************** Cash and cash equivalents ************************************************************ Mortgage loan commitments*********************************************************** $ 532 Commitments to fund partnership investments ******************************************** $1,898 Liabilities: Policyholder account balances ********************************************************* Short-term debt ********************************************************************* Long-term debt********************************************************************** Payable under securities loaned transactions ********************************************* $115,398 $ 3,063 $ 23,621 8,272 $ 1,203 $ 7,473 $ — $ — $ $ 47,977 355 $ $ 3,628 $ 12,661 $115,398 $ 3,063 $ 24,844 8,272 $ 1,203 $ 7,473 $ (4) $ — $ $ 48,318 355 $ $ 3,685 $ 12,661 Other: Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts********************* $ 1,256 $ 1,311 The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values of ﬁnancial instruments are summarized as follows: Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities The fair value of ﬁxed maturities and equity securities are based upon quotations published by applicable stock exchanges or received from other reliable sources. For securities for which the market values were not readily available, fair values were estimated using quoted market prices of comparable investments. MetLife, Inc. F-25 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Mortgage Loans on Real Estate, Mortgage Loan Commitments and Commitments to Fund Partnership Investments Fair values for mortgage loans on real estate are estimated by discounting expected future cash ﬂows, using current interest rates for similar loans with similar credit risk. For mortgage loan commitments, the estimated fair value is the net premium or discount of the commitments. Commitments to fund partnership investments have no stated interest rate and are assumed to have a fair value of zero. Policy Loans The carrying values for policy loans approximate fair value. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments The carrying values for cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments approximated fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Policyholder Account Balances The fair value of policyholder account balances are estimated by discounting expected future cash ﬂows, based upon interest rates currently being offered for similar contracts with maturities consistent with those remaining for the agreements being valued. Short-term and Long-term Debt, Payables Under Securities Loaned Transactions and Company-Obligated Mandatorily Redeem- able Securities of Subsidiary Trusts The fair values of short-term and long-term debt, payables under securities loaned transactions and Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts are determined by discounting expected future cash ﬂows, using risk rates currently available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. Derivative Instruments The fair value of derivative instruments, including ﬁnancial futures, ﬁnancial forwards, interest rate, credit default and foreign currency swaps, foreign currency forwards, caps, ﬂoors, options and written covered calls are based upon quotations obtained from dealers or other reliable sources. See Note 4 for derivative fair value disclosures. 6. Employee Beneﬁt Plans Pension Beneﬁt and Other Beneﬁt Plans The Company is both the sponsor and administrator of deﬁned beneﬁt pension plans covering eligible employees and sales representatives of the Company. Retirement beneﬁts are based upon years of credited service and ﬁnal average earnings history. The Company also provides certain postemployment beneﬁts and certain postretirement health care and life insurance beneﬁts for retired employees through insurance contracts. Substantially all of the Company’s employees may, in accordance with the plans applicable to the postretirement beneﬁts, become eligible for these beneﬁts if they attain retirement age, with sufﬁcient service, while working for the Company. December 31, Pension Beneﬁts Other Beneﬁts 2002 2001 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) Change in projected beneﬁt obligation: Projected beneﬁt obligation at beginning of year *********************************************** $4,426 105 308 (73) 312 (3) — (290) Service cost************************************************************************* Interest cost ************************************************************************* Acquisitions and divestitures *********************************************************** Actuarial losses ********************************************************************** Curtailments and terminations ********************************************************** Change in beneﬁts ******************************************************************* Beneﬁts paid ************************************************************************ Projected beneﬁt obligation at end of year **************************************************** Change in plan assets: Contract value of plan assets at beginning of year ********************************************* Actual return on plan assets *********************************************************** Acquisitions and divestitures *********************************************************** Employer and participant contributions *************************************************** Beneﬁts paid ************************************************************************ Contract value of plan assets at end of year ************************************************** Under funded *************************************************************************** (732) Unrecognized net actuarial losses (gains)***************************************************** 1,507 Unrecognized prior service cost ************************************************************ 101 Prepaid (accrued) beneﬁt cost ************************************************************** $ 876 4,161 (179) (67) 428 (290) 4,785 4,053 $4,145 104 308 (12) 169 (49) 29 (268) $1,669 36 123 — 342 (2) (168) (122) $1,542 34 115 — 66 9 — (97) 4,426 1,878 1,669 4,619 (201) (12) 23 (268) 4,161 (265) 693 116 1,169 (92) — 1 (113) 965 (913) 262 (208) 1,318 (49) — 1 (101) 1,169 (500) (258) (49) $ 544 $ (859) $ (807) Qualiﬁed plan prepaid pension cost ********************************************************* $1,171 Non-qualiﬁed plan accrued pension cost ***************************************************** (341) Unamortized prior service cost ************************************************************* — Accumulated other comprehensive loss****************************************************** 46 Prepaid beneﬁt cost ********************************************************************** $ 876 $ 805 (323) 16 46 $ 544 F-26 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The aggregate projected beneﬁt obligation and aggregate contract value of plan assets for the pension plans were as follows: Qualiﬁed Plan Non-Qualiﬁed Plan Total 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) Aggregate projected beneﬁt obligation ********************************************* $(4,311) $(4,006) $(474) $(420) $(4,785) $(4,426) Aggregate contract value of plan assets (principally Company contracts)***************** 4,161 (Under) over funded ************************************************************ $ (258) $ 155 $(474) $(420) $ (732) $ (265) — 4,053 4,161 4,053 — The assumptions used in determining the aggregate projected beneﬁt obligation and aggregate contract value for the pension and other beneﬁts were as follows: Pension Beneﬁts Other Beneﬁts 2002 2001 2002 2001 Weighted average assumptions at December 31: Discount rate*************************************************************** Expected rate of return on plan assets ***************************************** Rate of compensation increase *********************************************** 4% – 9.5% 4% – 10% 2% – 8% 4% – 7.4% 6.5% – 7.25% 6% – 7.4% 4% – 9% 5.2% – 9% 2% – 8.5% 6% – 9% N/A N/A For the largest of the plans sponsored by the Company (the Metropolitan Life Retirement Plan for United States Employees, with a projected beneﬁt obligation of $4.3 billion or 98.6% of all qualiﬁed plans at December 31, 2002), the discount rate, expected rate of return on plan assets, and the range of rates of future compensation increases used in that plan’s valuation at December 31, 2002 were 6.75%, 9% and 4% to 8%, respectively. The discount rate is based on the yield of a hypothetical portfolio of high-quality debt instruments available on the valuation date, which would provide the necessary future cash ﬂows to pay the aggregate projected beneﬁt obligation when due. The expected rate of return on plan assets is based on anticipated performance of the various asset sectors, which the plan invests in, inﬂation expectations and long-term historical returns of the plan assets as well as other factors. The expected rate of return on plan assets for use in that plan’s valuation in 2003 is currently anticipated to be 8.5%. The discount rate of 4% and 9.5% and the expected rate of return on plan assets of 4% and 10% are attributable to the Company’s international subsidiaries in Taiwan and Mexico, respectively. The rate of compensation increase of 2% in 2002 and 2001 is attributable to the Company’s subsidiary in Taiwan. These rates are indicative of the economic environments in those countries. The assumed health care cost trend rates used in measuring the accumulated nonpension postretirement beneﬁt obligation were as follows: December 31, 2002 2001 Pre-Medicare eligible claims ****************************************** 9% down to 5% in 2010 Medicare eligible claims ********************************************** 11% down to 5% in 2014 9.5% down to 5% in 2010 11.5% down to 5% in 2014 Assumed health care cost trend rates may have a signiﬁcant effect on the amounts reported for health care plans. A one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects: Effect on total of service and interest cost components *********************************************** Effect on accumulated postretirement beneﬁt obligation *********************************************** $ 10 $ 90 $ 10 $ 88 The components of net periodic beneﬁt cost were as follows: One Percent Increase One Percent Decrease (Dollars in millions) Pension Beneﬁts Other Beneﬁts 2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Service cost ****************************************************************** $ 105 $ 104 $ 98 $ 36 $ 34 $ 29 Interest cost******************************************************************* 113 Expected return on plan assets ************************************************** (97) Amortization of prior actuarial losses (gains)***************************************** (22) Curtailment cost (credit) ********************************************************* 2 Net periodic beneﬁt cost (credit) ************************************************** $ 101 $ 29 $ (53) $ 61 $ 20 $ 25 308 (402) (2) 21 291 (420) (19) (3) 308 (356) 33 11 115 (108) (27) 6 123 (93) (9) 4 Savings and Investment Plans The Company sponsors savings and investment plans for substantially all employees under which the Company matches a portion of employee contributions. The Company contributed $49 million, $55 million and $65 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. 7. Closed Block On the date of demutualization, Metropolitan Life established a closed block for the beneﬁt of holders of certain individual life insurance policies of Metropolitan Life. Assets have been allocated to the closed block in an amount that has been determined to produce cash ﬂows which, together with anticipated revenues from the policies included in the closed block, are reasonably expected to be sufﬁcient to support obligations and liabilities relating to these policies, including, but not limited to, provisions for the payment of claims and certain expenses and taxes, and to provide for the continuation of MetLife, Inc. F-27 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. policyholder dividend scales in effect for 1999, if the experience underlying such dividend scales continues, and for appropriate adjustments in such scales if the experience changes. At least annually, the Company compares actual and projected experience against the experience assumed in the then-current dividend scales. Dividend scales are adjusted periodically to give effect to changes in experience. The closed block assets, the cash ﬂows generated by the closed block assets and the anticipated revenues from the policies in the closed block will beneﬁt only the holders of the policies in the closed block. To the extent that, over time, cash ﬂows from the assets allocated to the closed block and claims and other experience related to the closed block are, in the aggregate, more or less favorable than what was assumed when the closed block was established, total dividends paid to closed block policyholders in the future may be greater than or less than the total dividends that would have been paid to these policyholders if the policyholder dividend scales in effect for 1999 had been continued. Any cash ﬂows in excess of amounts assumed will be available for distribution over time to closed block policyholders and will not be available to stockholders. If the closed block has insufﬁcient funds to make guaranteed policy beneﬁt payments, such payments will be made from assets outside of the closed block. The closed block will continue in effect as long as any policy in the closed block remains in-force. The expected life of the closed block is over 100 years. The Company uses the same accounting principles to account for the participating policies included in the closed block as it used prior to the date of demutualization. However, the Company establishes a policyholder dividend obligation for earnings that will be paid to policyholders as additional dividends as described below. The excess of closed block liabilities over closed block assets at the effective date of the demutualization (adjusted to eliminate the impact of related amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income) represents the estimated maximum future earnings from the closed block expected to result from operations attributed to the closed block after income taxes. Earnings of the closed block are recognized in income over the period the policies and contracts in the closed block remain in-force. Management believes that over time the actual cumulative earnings of the closed block will approximately equal the expected cumulative earnings due to the effect of dividend changes. If, over the period the closed block remains in existence, the actual cumulative earnings of the closed block is greater than the expected cumulative earnings of the closed block, the Company will pay the excess of the actual cumulative earnings of the closed block over the expected cumulative earnings to closed block policyholders as additional policyholder dividends unless offset by future unfavorable experience of the closed block and, accordingly, will recognize only the expected cumulative earnings in income with the excess recorded as a policyholder dividend obligation. If over such period, the actual cumulative earnings of the closed block is less than the expected cumulative earnings of the closed block, the Company will recognize only the actual earnings in income. However, the Company may change policyholder dividend scales in the future, which would be intended to increase future actual earnings until the actual cumulative earnings equal the expected cumulative earnings. Amounts reported for the period after demutualization are as of April 1, 2000 and for the period beginning on April 1, 2000 (the effect of transactions from April 1, 2000 through April 6, 2000 is not considered material). Closed block liabilities and assets designated to the closed block are as follows: December 31, 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) CLOSED BLOCK LIABILITIES Future policy beneﬁts ************************************************************************ $41,207 Other policyholder funds ********************************************************************* 279 Policyholder dividends payable **************************************************************** 719 Policyholder dividend obligation **************************************************************** 1,882 Payables under securities loaned transactions *************************************************** 4,851 Other liabilities ****************************************************************************** 433 Total closed block liabilities *********************************************************** 49,371 $40,325 321 757 708 3,350 90 45,551 ASSETS DESIGNATED TO THE CLOSED BLOCK Investments: Fixed maturities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $28,334 and $25,761, respectively) **** Equity securities, at fair value (amortized cost: $236 and $240, respectively) ************************ Mortgage loans on real estate *************************************************************** Policy loans ****************************************************************************** Short-term investments********************************************************************* Other invested assets********************************************************************** Total investments******************************************************************** Cash and cash equivalents ******************************************************************* Accrued investment income******************************************************************* Deferred income taxes *********************************************************************** Premiums and other receivables *************************************************************** Total assets designated to the closed block ********************************************* Excess of closed block liabilities over assets designated to the closed block************************** 29,981 218 7,032 3,988 24 604 41,847 435 540 1,151 130 44,103 5,268 Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss: Net unrealized investment gains, net of deferred income tax of $577 and $219, respectively ********** Unrealized derivative gains, net of deferred income tax of $7 and $9, respectively ******************* Allocated to policyholder dividend obligation, net of deferred income tax of $668 and $255, respectively 1,047 13 (1,214) (154) Maximum future earnings to be recognized from closed block assets and liabilities********************* $ 5,114 26,331 282 6,358 3,898 170 159 37,198 1,119 550 1,060 244 40,171 5,380 389 17 (453) (47) $ 5,333 F-28 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Information regarding the policyholder dividend obligation is as follows: Balance at beginning of period ****************************************************** $ 708 Impact on net income before amounts allocable to policyholder dividend obligation ********** 157 Net investment losses ************************************************************* (157) Change in unrealized investment and derivative gains *********************************** 1,174 Balance at end of period *********************************************************** $1,882 $ 385 159 (159) 323 $ 708 $ — 85 (85) 385 $385 Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 For the Period April 7, 2000 through December 31, 2000 (Dollars in millions) Closed block revenues and expenses were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 For the Period April 7, 2000 through December 31, 2000 (Dollars in millions) REVENUES Premiums *************************************************************************** $3,551 Net investment income and other revenues *********************************************** 2,568 Net investment gains (losses) (net of amounts allocable to the policyholder dividend obligation of $3,658 2,555 ($157), ($159) and ($85), respectively) ************************************************* Total revenues *************************************************************** 168 (20) 6,287 6,193 EXPENSES Policyholder beneﬁts and claims ******************************************************** Policyholder dividends ***************************************************************** Change in policyholder dividend obligation (excludes amounts directly related to net investment 3,770 1,573 losses of ($157), ($159) and ($85), respectively) ***************************************** Other expenses ********************************************************************** Total expenses *************************************************************** Revenues net of expenses before income taxes ******************************************* 477 Income taxes ************************************************************************ 173 Revenues net of expenses and income taxes ********************************************* $ 304 157 310 5,810 3,862 1,544 159 352 5,917 276 97 $2,900 1,789 (150) 4,539 2,874 1,132 85 265 4,356 183 67 $ 179 $ 116 The change in maximum future earnings of the closed block was as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 For the Period April 7, 2000 through December 31, 2000 Balance at the end of period *********************************************************** $5,114 Less: Reallocation of assets *************************************************************** Balance at beginning of period******************************************************** 85 5,333 Change during period ***************************************************************** $ (304) (Dollars in millions) $5,333 $5,512 — 5,512 — 5,628 $ (179) $ (116) During the year ended December 31, 2002, the allocation of assets to the closed block was revised to appropriately classify assets in accordance with the plan of demutualization. The reallocation of assets had no impact on consolidated assets or liabilities. Metropolitan Life charges the closed block with federal income taxes, state and local premium taxes, and other additive state or local taxes, as well as investment management expenses relating to the closed block as provided in the plan of demutualization. Metropolitan Life also charges the closed block for expenses of maintaining the policies included in the closed block. Many of the derivative instrument strategies used by the Company are also used for the closed block. The table below provides a summary of the notional amount and fair value of derivatives by hedge accounting classiﬁcation at: December 31, 2002 December 31, 2001 Notional Amount Fair Value Assets Liabilities Notional Amount Fair Value Assets Liabilities (Dollars in millions) By Type of Hedge Fair value ********************************************* Cash ﬂow********************************************* Non-qualifying ***************************************** Total ***************************************** $ — 128 258 $386 $ — 2 32 $34 $ — 11 2 $13 $ — 171 112 $283 $ — 22 13 $35 $ — — 5 $ 5 MetLife, Inc. F-29 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The amounts accumulated in other comprehensive loss relating to cash ﬂow hedges were gains of $21 million for both the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company recognized other comprehensive gains of $4 million relating to the effective portion of cash ﬂow hedges. Reclassiﬁcations are recognized over the life of the hedged item. During the year ended December 31, 2002, $4 million of other comprehensive loss was reclassiﬁed into net investment income. Approximately $3 million of the gains reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss is expected to be reclassiﬁed into net investment income during the year ending December 31, 2003, as the underlying investments mature or expire according to their original terms. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company recognized net investment losses of $11 million and net investment gains of $5 million, respectively, from derivatives not qualifying as accounting hedges. The use of these non-speculative derivatives is permitted by the Department. The cumulative effect of the adoption of SFAS 133, as of January 1, 2001, resulted in $11 million of other comprehensive income, net of income taxes of $6 million. 8. Separate Accounts Separate accounts include two categories of account types: non-guaranteed separate accounts totaling $44,925 million and $48,912 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, for which the policyholder assumes the investment risk, and guaranteed separate accounts totaling $14,768 million and $13,802 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, for which the Company contractually guarantees either a minimum return or account value to the policyholder. Fees charged to the separate accounts by the Company (including mortality charges, policy administration fees and surrender charges) are reﬂected in the Company’s revenues as universal life and investment-type product policy fees and totaled $544 million, $564 million and $667 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Guaranteed separate accounts consisted primarily of Met Managed Guaranteed Interest Contracts and participating close out contracts. The average interest rates credited on these contracts were 4.8% and 7.0% at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The assets that support these liabilities were comprised of $12,536 million and $11,888 million in ﬁxed maturities at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The portfolios are segregated from other investments and are managed to minimize liquidity and interest rate risk. In order to minimize the risk of early withdrawals to invest in instruments yielding a higher return, these investment products carry a graded surrender charge as well as a market value adjustment. 9. Debt Debt consisted of the following: December 31, 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) Senior notes, interest rates ranging from 5.25% to 7.25%, maturity dates ranging from 2006 to 2032 ****** $2,539 Surplus notes, interest rates ranging from 6.30% to 7.88%, maturity dates ranging from 2003 to 2025 ***** 1,632 Investment related exchangeable debt, interest rate of 4.90% **************************************** — Fixed rate notes, interest rates ranging from 2.97% to 12.00%, maturity dates ranging from 2003 to 2019 ** 83 Capital lease obligations *********************************************************************** 21 Other notes with varying interest rates *********************************************************** 150 Total long-term debt ************************************************************************** Total short-term debt ************************************************************************** 4,425 1,161 Total ******************************************************************************* $5,586 $1,546 1,630 195 87 23 147 3,628 355 $3,983 The Company maintains committed and unsecured credit facilities aggregating $2,434 million ($1,140 million expiring in 2003 and $1,294 million expiring in 2005). If these facilities were drawn upon, they would bear interest at rates stated in the agreements. The facilities can be used for general corporate purposes and also provide support for the Company’s commercial paper program. At December 31, 2002, the Company had drawn approximately $28 million under the facilities expiring in 2005 at interest rates ranging from 4.39% to 5.57%. At December 31, 2002, the Company had approximately $625 million in letters of credit from various banks. Payments of interest and principal on the surplus notes, subordinated to all other indebtedness, may be made only with the prior approval of the insurance department of the state of domicile. Subject to the prior approval of the Superintendent, the $300 million 7.45% surplus notes due 2023 may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the election of Metropolitan Life at any time on or after November 1, 2003 and, if redeemed prior to November 2013, would include a premium. The investment-related exchangeable debt instrument is payable in cash or by delivery of an underlying security owned by the Company. The amount of the debt payable at maturity is greater than the principal of the debt if the market value of the underlying security appreciates above certain levels at the date of debt repayment as compared to the market value of the underlying security at the date of debt issuance. At December 31, 2001, the underlying security pledged as collateral had a market value of $240 million. The aggregate maturities of long-term debt for the Company are $448 million in 2003, $12 million in 2004, $395 million in 2005, $601 million in 2006, $4 million in 2007 and $2,965 million thereafter. Short-term debt of the Company consisted of commercial paper with a weighted average interest rate of 1.5% and a weighted average maturity of 74 days at December 31, 2002. Short-term debt of the Company consisted of commercial paper with a weighted average interest rate of 2.1% and a weighted average maturity of 87 days at December 31, 2001. The Company also has other collateralized borrowings with a weighted average coupon rate of 5.83% and a weighted average maturity of 34 days at December 31, 2002. Such securities had a weighted average coupon rate of 7.25% and a weighted average maturity of 30 days at December 31, 2001. Interest expense related to the Company’s indebtedness included in other expenses was $288 million, $252 million and $377 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. F-30 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. 10. Company-Obligated Mandatorily Redeemable Securities of Subsidiary Trusts MetLife Capital Trust I. In April 2000, MetLife Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory business trust wholly-owned by the Holding Company, issued 20,125,000 8.00% equity security units (‘‘units’’). Each unit consists of (i) a purchase contract under which the holder agrees to purchase, for $50.00, shares of common stock of the Holding Company on May 15, 2003 (59,771,250 shares at December 31, 2002 and 2001 based on the average market price at December 31, 2002 and 2001) and (ii) a capital security, with a stated liquidation amount of $50.00 and mandatorily redeemable on May 15, 2005. The number of shares to be purchased at such date will be determined based on the average trading price of the Holding Company’s common stock. The proceeds from the sale of the units were used to acquire $1,006 million 8.00% debentures of the Holding Company (‘‘MetLife debentures’’). The capital securities represent undivided beneﬁcial ownership interests in MetLife Capital Trust I’s assets, which consist solely of the MetLife debentures. These securities are pledged to collateralize the obligations of the unit holder under the related purchase contracts. Holders of the capital securities are entitled to receive cumulative cash distributions accruing from April 2000 and payable quarterly in arrears commencing August 15, 2000 at an annual rate of 8.00%. The Holding Company irrevocably guarantee, on a senior and unsecured basis, the payment in full of distributions on the capital securities and the stated liquidation amount of the capital securities, in each case to the extent of available trust funds. Holders of the capital securities generally have no voting rights. Capital securities outstanding were $988 million and $980 million, net of unamortized discounts of $18 million and $26 million, at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The MetLife debentures bear interest at an annual rate of 8.00% of the principal amount, payable quarterly in arrears commencing August 15, 2000 and mature on May 15, 2005. These debentures are unsecured. The Holding Company’s right to participate in the distribution of assets of any subsidiary upon the subsidiary’s liquidation, reorganization or otherwise, is subject to the prior claims of creditors of the subsidiary, except to the extent the Holding Company may be recognized as a creditor of that subsidiary. Accordingly, the Holding Company’s obligations under the debentures are effectively subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of its subsidiaries. Interest expense on the capital securities is included in other expenses and was $81 million, $81 million and $59 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. In February 2003, the Company dissolved MetLife Capital Trust I, distributed the MetLife debentures to the holders of the capital securities in exchange for the capital securities and the interest rate on the MetLife debentures was reset in connection with the remarketing of the debentures. See Note 23. GenAmerica Capital I. In June 1997, GenAmerica Corporation (‘‘GenAmerica’’) issued $125 million of 8.525% capital securities through a wholly-owned subsidiary trust, GenAmerica Capital I. GenAmerica has fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a subordinated basis, the obligation of the trust under the capital securities and is obligated to mandatorily redeem the securities on June 30, 2027. GenAmerica may prepay the securities any time after June 30, 2007. Capital securities outstanding were $119 million and $118 million, net of unamortized discounts of $6 million and $7 million, at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Interest expense on these instruments is included in other expenses and was $11 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. RGA Capital Trust I. In December 2001, a subsidiary of the Company, RGA, through its wholly-owned trust RGA Capital Trust I (the ‘‘Trust’’) issued 4,500,000 Preferred Income Equity Redeemable Securities (‘‘PIERS’’) Units. Each PIERS unit consists of (i) a preferred security issued by the Trust, having a stated liquidation amount of $50 per unit, representing an undivided beneﬁcial ownership interest in the assets of the Trust, which consist solely of junior subordinated debentures issued by RGA which have a principal amount at maturity of $50 and a stated maturity of March 18, 2051, and (ii) a warrant to purchase, at any time prior to December 15, 2050, 1.2508 shares of RGA stock at an exercise price of $50. The fair market value of the warrant on the issuance date was $14.87 and is detachable from the preferred security. RGA fully and unconditionally guarantees, on a subordinated basis, the obligations of the Trust under the preferred securities. The preferred securities and subordinated debentures were issued at a discount (original issue discount) to the face or liquidation value of $14.87 per security. The securities will accrete to their $50 face/liquidation value over the life of the security on a level yield basis. The weighted average effective interest rate on the preferred securities and the subordinated debentures is 8.25% per annum. Capital securities outstanding were $158 million, net of unamortized discount of $67 million, at both December 31, 2002 and 2001. 11. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees Litigation Sales Practices Claims Over the past several years, Metropolitan Life, New England Mutual Life Insurance Company (‘‘New England Mutual’’) and General American Life Insurance Company (‘‘General American’’) have faced numerous claims, including class action lawsuits, alleging improper marketing and sales of individual life insurance policies or annuities. These lawsuits are generally referred to as ‘‘sales practices claims.’’ In December 1999, a federal court approved a settlement resolving sales practices claims on behalf of a class of owners of permanent life insurance policies and annuity contracts or certiﬁcates issued pursuant to individual sales in the United States by Metropolitan Life, Metropolitan Insurance and Annuity Company or Metropolitan Tower Life Insurance Company between January 1, 1982 and December 31, 1997. The class includes owners of approximately six million in-force or terminated insurance policies and approximately one million in-force or terminated annuity contracts or certiﬁcates. Similar sales practices class actions against New England Mutual, with which Metropolitan Life merged in 1996, and General American, which was acquired in 2000, have been settled. In October 2000, a federal court approved a settlement resolving sales practices claims on behalf of a class of owners of permanent life insurance policies issued by New England Mutual between January 1, 1983 through August 31, 1996. The class includes owners of approximately 600,000 in-force or terminated policies. A federal court has approved a settlement resolving sales practices claims on behalf of a class of owners of permanent life insurance policies issued by General American between January 1, 1982 through December 31, 1996. An appellate court has afﬁrmed the order approving the settlement. The class includes owners of approximately 250,000 in-force or terminated policies. Implementa- tion of the General American class action settlement is proceeding. Certain class members have opted out of the class action settlements noted above and have brought or continued non-class action sales practices lawsuits. In addition, other sales practices lawsuits have been brought. As of December 31, 2002, there are approximately 420 sales practices lawsuits pending against Metropolitan Life, approximately 60 sales practices lawsuits pending against New England Mutual and approximately 35 sales practices lawsuits pending against General American. Metropolitan Life, New England Mutual and General American continue to defend themselves vigorously against these lawsuits. Some individual sales practices claims have been resolved through settlement, won by dispositive motions, or, in a few instances, MetLife, Inc. F-31 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. have gone to trial. Most of the current cases seek substantial damages, including in some cases punitive and treble damages and attorneys’ fees. Additional litigation relating to the Company’s marketing and sales of individual life insurance may be commenced in the future. The Metropolitan Life class action settlement did not resolve two putative class actions involving sales practices claims ﬁled against Metropolitan Life in Canada, and these actions remain pending. In March 2002, a purported class action complaint was ﬁled in a federal court in Kansas by S-G Metals Industries, Inc. against New England Mutual. The complaint seeks certiﬁcation of a class on behalf of corporations and banks that purchased participating life insurance policies, as well as persons who purchased participating policies for use in pension plans or through work site marketing. These policyholders were not part of the New England Mutual class action settlement noted above. The action was transferred to a federal court in Massachusetts. New England Mutual moved to dismiss the case and in November 2002, the federal district court dismissed the case. S-G Metals has ﬁled a notice of appeal. New England Mutual intends to continue to defend itself vigorously against the case. The Company believes adequate provision has been made in its consolidated ﬁnancial statements for all probable and reasonably estimable losses for sales practices claims against Metropolitan Life, New England Mutual and General American. Regulatory authorities in a small number of states have had investigations or inquiries relating to Metropolitan Life’s, New England Mutual’s or General American’s sales of individual life insurance policies or annuities. Over the past several years, these and a number of investigations by other regulatory authorities were resolved for monetary payments and certain other relief. The Company may continue to resolve investigations in a similar manner. Asbestos-Related Claims Metropolitan Life is a defendant in thousands of lawsuits seeking compensatory and punitive damages for personal injuries allegedly caused by exposure to asbestos or asbestos-containing products. Metropolitan Life has never engaged in the business of manufacturing, producing, distributing or selling asbestos or asbestos-containing products nor has Metropolitan Life issued liability or workers’ compensation insurance to companies in the business of manufacturing, producing, distributing or selling asbestos or asbestos-containing products. Rather, these lawsuits have principally been based upon allegations relating to certain research, publication and other activities of one or more of Metropolitan Life’s employees during the period from the 1920’s through approximately the 1950’s and alleging that Metropolitan Life learned or should have learned of certain health risks posed by asbestos and, among other things, improperly publicized or failed to disclose those health risks. Metropolitan Life believes that it should not have legal liability in such cases. Legal theories asserted against Metropolitan Life have included negligence, intentional tort claims and conspiracy claims concerning the health risks associated with asbestos. Although Metropolitan Life believes it has meritorious defenses to these claims, and has not suffered any adverse monetary judgments in respect of these claims, due to the risks and expenses of litigation, almost all past cases have been resolved by settlements. Metropolitan Life’s defenses (beyond denial of certain factual allegations) to plaintiffs’ claims include that: (i) Metropolitan Life owed no duty to the plaintiffs — it had no special relationship with the plaintiffs and did not manufacture, produce, distribute or sell the asbestos products that allegedly injured plaintiffs; (ii) plaintiffs cannot demonstrate justiﬁable detrimental reliance; and (iii) plaintiffs cannot demonstrate proximate causation. In defending asbestos cases, Metropolitan Life selects various strategies depending upon the jurisdictions in which such cases are brought and other factors which, in Metropolitan Life’s judgment, best protect Metropolitan Life’s interests. Strategies include seeking to settle or compromise claims, motions challenging the legal or factual basis for such claims or defending on the merits at trial. In early 2002 and in early 2003, two trial courts granted motions dismissing claims against Metropolitan Life on some or all of the above grounds. Other courts have denied motions brought by Metropolitan Life to dismiss cases without the necessity of trial. There can be no assurance that Metropolitan Life will receive favorable decisions on motions in the future. Metropolitan Life intends to continue to exercise its best judgment regarding settlement or defense of such cases, including when trials of these cases are appropriate. The following table sets forth the total number of asbestos personal injury claims pending against Metropolitan Life as of the dates indicated, the number of new claims during the years ended on those dates and the total settlement payments made to resolve asbestos personal injury claims during those years: At or for the years ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Asbestos personal injury claims at year end (approximate) **************************** Number of new claims during the year (approximate) ******************************** Settlement payments during the year(1)******************************************** $ 106,500 66,000 95.1 89,000 59,500 $ 90.7 73,000 54,500 $ 71.1 (1) Settlement payments represent payments made by Metropolitan Life during the year in connection with settlements made in that year and in prior years. Amounts do not include Metropolitan Life’s attorneys’ fees and expenses and do not reﬂect amounts received from insurance carriers. During the fourth quarter of 2002, Metropolitan Life analyzed its claims experience and reviewed external publications and numerous variables to identify trends and assessed their impact on its recorded asbestos liability. Certain publications suggest a trend towards more asbestos-related claims and a greater awareness of asbestos litigation generally by potential plaintiffs and plaintiffs’ lawyers. Plaintiffs’ lawyers continue to advertise heavily with respect to asbestos litigation. Bankruptcies and reorganizations of other defendants in asbestos litigation may increase the pressures on remaining defendants, including Metropolitan Life. Through the ﬁrst nine months of 2002, the number of new claims received by Metropolitan Life was lower than those received during the comparable 2001 period. However, the number of new claims received by Metropolitan Life during the fourth quarter of 2002 was signiﬁcantly higher than those received in the prior year quarter, resulting in more new claims being received by Metropolitan Life in 2002 than in 2001. Factors considered also included expected trends in ﬁling cases, the dates of initial exposure of plaintiffs to asbestos, the likely percentage of total asbestos claims which included Metropolitan Life as a defendant and experience in claims settlement negotiations. Metropolitan Life also considered views derived from actuarial calculations it made in the fourth quarter of 2002. These calculations were made using, among other things, current information regarding Metropolitan Life’s claims and settlement experience, information available in public reports, as well as a study regarding the possible future incidence of mesothelioma. Based on all of the above information, including greater than expected claims experience over the last three years, Metropolitan Life expects to receive more claims in the future than it had previously expected. Previously, F-32 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Metropolitan Life’s liability reﬂected that the increase in asbestos-related claims was a result of an acceleration in the reporting of such claims; the liability now reﬂects that such an increase is also the result of an increase in the total number of asbestos-related claims expected to be received by Metropolitan Life. Accordingly, Metropolitan Life increased its recorded liability for asbestos-related claims by $402 million from approximately $820 million to $1,225 million at December 31, 2002. This total recorded asbestos-related liability (after the self-insured retention) is within the coverage of the excess insurance policies discussed below. During 1998, Metropolitan Life paid $878 million in premiums for excess insurance policies for asbestos-related claims. The excess insurance policies for asbestos-related claims provide for recovery of losses up to $1,500 million, which is in excess of a $400 million self-insured retention. The asbestos-related policies are also subject to annual and per-claim sublimits. Amounts are recoverable under the policies annually with respect to claims paid during the prior calendar year. Although amounts paid by Metropolitan Life in any given year that may be recoverable in the next calendar year under the policies will be reﬂected as a reduction in the Company’s operating cash ﬂows for the year in which they are paid, management believes that the payments will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity. Each asbestos-related policy contains an experience fund and a reference fund that provides for payments to Metropolitan Life at the commutation date if the reference fund is greater than zero at commutation or pro rata reductions from time to time in the loss reimbursements to Metropolitan Life if the cumulative return on the reference fund is less than the return speciﬁed in the experience fund. The return in the reference fund is tied to performance of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and the Lehman Brothers Aggregate Bond Index. A claim will be made under the excess insurance policies in 2003 for the amounts paid with respect to asbestos litigation in excess of the retention. Based on performance of the reference fund, at December 31, 2002, the loss reimbursements to Metropolitan Life in 2003 and the recoverable with respect to later periods will be $42 million less than the amount of the recorded losses. Such foregone loss reimbursements may be recovered upon commutation depending upon future performance of the reference fund. The foregone loss reimbursements are estimated to be $9 million with respect to 2002 claims and $42 million in the aggregate. The $402 million increase in the recorded liability for asbestos claims less the foregone loss reimbursement adjustment of $42 million ($27 million, net of income tax) resulted in an increase in the recoverable of $360 million. At December 31, 2002, a portion ($136 million) of the $360 million recoverable was recognized in income while the remainder ($224 million) was recorded as a deferred gain which is expected to be recognized in income in the future over the estimated settlement period of the excess insurance policies. The $402 million increase in the recorded liability, less the portion of the recoverable recognized in income, resulted in a net expense of $266 million ($169 million, net of income tax). The $360 million recoverable may change depending on the future performance of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and the Lehman Brothers Aggregate Bond Index. As a result of the excess insurance policies, $1,237 million is recorded as a recoverable at December 31, 2002 ($224 million of which is recorded as a deferred gain as mentioned above); the amount includes recoveries expected to be obtained in 2003 for amounts paid in 2002. If at some point in the future, the Company believes the liability for probable and estimable losses for asbestos-related claims should be increased, an expense would be recorded and the insurance recoverable would be adjusted subject to the terms, conditions and limits of the excess insurance policies. Portions of the change in the insurance recoverable would be recorded as a deferred gain and amortized into income over the estimated remaining settlement period of the insurance policies. The Company believes adequate provision has been made in its consolidated ﬁnancial statements for all probable and reasonably estimable losses for asbestos-related claims. The ability of Metropolitan Life to estimate its ultimate asbestos exposure is subject to considerable uncertainty due to numerous factors. The availability of data is limited and it is difﬁcult to predict with any certainty numerous variables that can affect liability estimates, including the number of future claims, the cost to resolve claims, the disease mix and severity of disease, the jurisdiction of claims ﬁled, tort reform efforts and the impact of any possible future adverse verdicts and their amounts. Recent bankruptcies of other companies involved in asbestos litigation, as well as advertising by plaintiffs’ asbestos lawyers, may be resulting in an increase in the number of claims and the cost of resolving claims, as well as the number of trials and possible adverse verdicts Metropolitan Life may experience. Plaintiffs are seeking additional funds from defendants, including Metropolitan Life, in light of such recent bankruptcies by certain other defendants. It is likely that bills will be introduced in 2003 in the United States Congress to reform asbestos litigation. While the Company strongly supports reform efforts, there can be no assurance that legislative reforms will be enacted. Metropolitan Life will continue to study its claims experience, review external literature regarding asbestos claims experience in the United States and consider numerous variables that can affect its asbestos liability exposure, including bankruptcies of other companies involved in asbestos litigation and legislative and judicial developments, to identify trends and to assess their impact on the recorded asbestos liability. The number of asbestos cases that may be brought or the aggregate amount of any liability that Metropolitan Life may ultimately incur is uncertain. Accordingly, it is reasonably possible that the Company’s total exposure to asbestos claims may be greater than the liability recorded by the Company in its consolidated ﬁnancial statements and that future charges to income may be necessary. While the potential future charges could be material in particular quarterly or annual periods in which they are recorded, based on information currently known by management, it does not believe any such charges are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial position. Property and Casualty Actions Purported class action suits involving claims by policyholders for the alleged diminished value of automobiles after accident-related repairs have been ﬁled in Rhode Island, Texas, Georgia and Tennessee against Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company. Rhode Island and Texas trial courts denied plaintiffs’ motions for class certiﬁcation and a hearing on plaintiffs’ motion in Tennessee for class certiﬁcation is to be scheduled. A settlement has been reached in the Georgia class action; the Company determined to settle the case in light of a Georgia Supreme Court decision involving another insurer. The settlement is being implemented. A purported class action has been ﬁled against Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company’s subsidiary, Metropolitan Casualty Insurance Company, in Florida. The complaint alleges breach of contract and unfair trade practices with respect to allowing the use of parts not made by the original manufacturer to repair damaged automobiles. Discovery is ongoing and a motion for class certiﬁcation is pending. Total loss valuation methods are the subject of national class actions involving other insurance companies. A Pennsylvania state court purported class action lawsuit ﬁled in 2001 alleges that Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company improperly took depreciation on partial homeowner losses where the insured replaced the covered item. The court has dismissed the action. An appeal has been ﬁled. Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company and Metropolitan Casualty Insurance Company are vigorously defending themselves against these lawsuits. MetLife, Inc. F-33 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Demutualization Actions Several lawsuits were brought in 2000 challenging the fairness of Metropolitan Life’s plan of reorganization and the adequacy and accuracy of Metropolitan Life’s disclosure to policyholders regarding the plan. These actions name as defendants some or all of Metropolitan Life, the Holding Company, the individual directors, the Superintendent and the underwriters for MetLife, Inc.’s initial public offering, Goldman, Sachs & Company and Credit Suisse First Boston. Five purported class actions pending in the New York state court in New York County were consolidated within the commercial part. In addition, there remained a separate purported class action in New York state court in New York County. Another purported class action in New York state court in Kings County has been voluntarily held in abeyance by plaintiffs. The plaintiffs in the state court class actions seek injunctive, declaratory and compensatory relief, as well as an accounting and, in some instances, punitive damages. Some of the plaintiffs in the above described actions also have brought a proceeding under Article 78 of New York’s Civil Practice Law and Rules challenging the Opinion and Decision of the Superintendent who approved the plan. In this proceeding, petitioners seek to vacate the Superintendent’s Opinion and Decision and enjoin him from granting ﬁnal approval of the plan. This case also is being held in abeyance by plaintiffs. Another purported class action was ﬁled in New York state court in New York County on behalf of a purported class of beneﬁciaries of Metropolitan Life annuities purchased to fund structured settlements claiming that the class members should have received common stock or cash in connection with the demutualization. Metropolitan Life’s motion to dismiss this case was granted in a decision ﬁled on October 31, 2002. Plaintiff has withdrawn her notice of appeal. Three purported class actions were ﬁled in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York claiming violation of the Securities Act of 1933. The plaintiffs in these actions, which have been consolidated, claim that the Policyholder Information Booklets relating to the plan failed to disclose certain material facts and seek rescission and compensatory damages. Metropolitan Life’s motion to dismiss these three cases was denied in 2001. On February 4, 2003, plaintiffs ﬁled a consolidated amended complaint adding a fraud claim under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. A purported class action also was ﬁled in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking damages from Metropolitan Life and the Holding Company for alleged violations of various provisions of the Constitution of the United States in connection with the plan of reorganization. In 2001, pursuant to a motion to dismiss ﬁled by Metropolitan Life, this case was dismissed by the District Court. In January 2003, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit afﬁrmed the dismissal. Metropolitan Life, the Holding Company and the individual defendants believe they have meritorious defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and are contesting vigorously all of the plaintiffs’ claims in these actions. In 2001, a lawsuit was ﬁled in the Superior Court of Justice, Ontario, Canada on behalf of a proposed class of certain former Canadian policyholders against the Holding Company, Metropolitan Life, and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of Canada. Plaintiffs’ allegations concern the way that their policies were treated in connection with the demutualization of Metropolitan Life; they seek damages, declarations, and other non-pecuniary relief. The defendants believe they have meritorious defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and will contest vigorously all of plaintiffs’ claims in this matter. In July 2002, a lawsuit was ﬁled in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas on behalf of a proposed class comprised of the settlement class in the Metropolitan Life sales practices class action settlement approved in December 1999 by the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. The Holding Company, Metropolitan Life, the trustee of the policyholder trust, and certain present and former individual directors and ofﬁcers of Metropolitan Life are named as defendants. Plaintiffs’ allegations concern the treatment of the cost of the settlement in connection with the demutualization of Metropolitan Life and the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosure, particularly with respect to those costs. Plaintiffs seek compensatory, treble and punitive damages, as well as attorneys’ fees and costs. The defendants’ motion to transfer the lawsuit to the Western District of Pennsylvania was granted on February 14, 2003. The defendants’ motion to dismiss is pending. Plaintiffs have ﬁled a motion for class certiﬁcation which the Texas court has adjourned. The defendants believe they have meritorious defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and will contest them vigorously. Race-Conscious Underwriting Claims Insurance Departments in a number of states initiated inquiries in 2000 about possible race-conscious underwriting of life insurance. These inquiries generally have been directed to all life insurers licensed in their respective states, including Metropolitan Life and certain of its afﬁliates. The New York Insurance Department has concluded its examination of Metropolitan Life concerning possible past race-conscious underwriting practices. Metropolitan Life has cooperated fully with that inquiry. Four purported class action lawsuits ﬁled against Metropolitan Life in 2000 and 2001 alleging racial discrimination in the marketing, sale, and administration of life insurance policies have been consolidated in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The plaintiffs seek unspeciﬁed monetary damages, punitive damages, reformation, imposition of a constructive trust, a declaration that the alleged practices are discriminatory and illegal, injunctive relief requiring Metropolitan Life to discontinue the alleged discriminatory practices and adjust policy values, and other relief. Metropolitan Life has entered into settlement agreements to resolve the regulatory examination and the actions pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The class action settlement, which has received preliminary approval from the court, must receive ﬁnal approval before it can be implemented. A fairness hearing was held on February 7, 2003. The regulatory settlement agreement is conditioned upon ﬁnal approval of the class action settlement. Metropolitan Life recorded a charge in the fourth quarter of 2001 in connection with the anticipated resolution of these matters and believes that charge is adequate to cover the costs associated with these settlements. Sixteen lawsuits involving approximately 125 plaintiffs have been ﬁled in federal and state court in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee alleging federal and/or state law claims of racial discrimination in connection with the sale, formation, administration or servicing of life insurance policies. Metropolitan Life is contesting vigorously plaintiffs’ claims in these actions. Other In 2001, a putative class action was ﬁled against Metropolitan Life in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging gender discrimination and retaliation in the MetLife Financial Services unit of the Individual segment. The plaintiffs seek unspeciﬁed compensatory damages, punitive damages, a declaration that the alleged practices are discriminatory and illegal, injunctive relief requiring Metropolitan Life to discontinue the alleged discriminatory practices, an order restoring class members to their rightful positions (or appropriate compensation in lieu thereof), and other relief. Metropolitan Life is vigorously defending itself against these allegations. A lawsuit has been ﬁled against Metropolitan Life in Ontario, Canada by Clarica Life Insurance Company regarding the sale of the majority of Metropolitan Life’s Canadian operation to Clarica in 1998. Clarica alleges that Metropolitan Life breached certain representations and warranties contained in the sale agreement, that Metropolitan Life made misrepresentations upon which Clarica relied during the negotiations and that Metropolitan F-34 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Life was negligent in the performance of certain of its obligations and duties under the sale agreement. Metropolitan Life is vigorously defending itself against this lawsuit. A putative class action lawsuit is pending in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, in which plaintiffs allege that they were denied certain ad hoc pension increases awarded to retirees under the Metropolitan Life retirement plan. The ad hoc pension increases were awarded only to retirees (i.e., individuals who were entitled to an immediate retirement beneﬁt upon their termination of employment) and not available to individuals like these plaintiffs whose employment, or whose spouses’ employment, had terminated before they became eligible for an immediate retirement beneﬁt. The district court denied the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment to allow for discovery. Discovery has not yet commenced pending the court’s ruling as to the timing of a class certiﬁcation motion. The plaintiffs seek to represent a class consisting of former Metropolitan Life employees, or their surviving spouses, who are receiving deferred vested annuity payments under the retirement plan and who were allegedly eligible to receive the ad hoc pension increases awarded in 1977, 1980, 1989, 1992, 1996 and 2001, as well as increases awarded in earlier years. Metropolitan Life is vigorously defending itself against these allegations. A reinsurer of universal life policy liabilities of Metropolitan Life and certain afﬁliates is seeking rescission and has commenced an arbitration proceeding claiming that, during underwriting, material misrepresentations or omissions were made. The reinsurer also has sent a notice purporting to increase reinsurance premium rates. Metropolitan Life and these afﬁliates intend to vigorously defend themselves against the claims of the reinsurer, including the purported rate increase. Various litigation, claims and assessments against the Company, in addition to those discussed above and those otherwise provided for in the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements, have arisen in the course of the Company’s business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its activities as an insurer, employer, investor, investment advisor and taxpayer. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations concerning the Company’s compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations. Summary It is not feasible to predict or determine the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations and legal proceedings or provide reasonable ranges of potential losses, except as noted above in connection with speciﬁc matters. In some of the matters referred to above, very large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are sought. Although in light of these considerations it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial position, based on information currently known by the Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcomes of such pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to have such an effect. However, given the large and/or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated net income or cash ﬂows in particular quarterly or annual periods. Leases In accordance with industry practice, certain of the Company’s income from lease agreements with retail tenants is contingent upon the level of the tenants’ sales revenues. Additionally, the Company, as lessee, has entered into various lease and sublease agreements for ofﬁce space, data processing and other equipment. Future minimum rental and sublease income, and minimum gross rental payments relating to these lease agreements were as follows: Rental Income Sublease Income Gross Rental Payments (Dollars in millions) 2003 *************************************************************************** $ 673 2004 *************************************************************************** $ 637 2005 *************************************************************************** $ 575 2006 *************************************************************************** $ 525 2007 *************************************************************************** $ 470 Thereafter *********************************************************************** $2,139 $14 $12 $11 $10 $ 9 $ 8 $192 $166 $149 $133 $116 $643 Commitments to Fund Partnership Investments The Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in the normal course of business. The amounts of these unfunded commit- ments were $1,667 million and $1,898 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company anticipates that these amounts will be invested in the partnerships over the next three to ﬁve years. Guarantees In the course of its business, the Company has provided certain indemnities, guarantees and commitments to third parties pursuant to which it may be required to make payments now or in the future. In the context of acquisition and disposition transactions, the Company has provided indemnities and guarantees, including those related to tax, environmental and other speciﬁc liabilities, and other indemnities and guarantees that are triggered by, among other things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants provided by the Company. These obligations are often subject to time limitations that vary in duration, including contractual limitations and those that arise by operation of law such as applicable statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum potential obligation under the indemnities and guarantees is subject to a contractual limitation ranging from $1 million to $800 million, while in other cases such limitations are not speciﬁed or applicable. Since certain of these obligations are not subject to limitations, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under these guarantees in the future. In addition, the Holding Company and its subsidiaries indemnify their respective directors and ofﬁcers as provided in their charters and by-laws. Since these indemnities are generally not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under these indemnities in the future. MetLife, Inc. F-35 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The Company has not recorded any liability for these indemnities, guarantees and commitments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for the years ended December 31, 2002 or 2001. 12. Acquisitions and Dispositions Dispositions In July 2001, the Company completed its sale of Conning Corporation (‘‘Conning’’), an afﬁliate acquired in the acquisition of GenAmerica Financial Corporation (‘‘GenAmerica’’). Conning specialized in asset management for insurance company investment portfolios and investment research. The Company received $108 million in the transaction and reported a gain of approximately $25 million in the third quarter of 2001. In October 2000, the Company completed the sale of its 48% ownership interest in its afﬁliates, Nvest, L.P. and Nvest Companies L.P. This transaction resulted in an investment gain of $663 million. Acquisitions In June 2002, the Company acquired Aseguradora Hidalgo S.A. (‘‘Hidalgo’’), an insurance company based in Mexico with approximately $2.5 billion in assets as of the date of acquisition. The purchase price is subject to adjustment under certain provisions of the purchase agreement. The Company does not expect that any purchase price adjustment will have an impact on its consolidated statements of income. The Company is in the process of integrating Hidalgo and Seguros Genesis, S.A., MetLife’s wholly-owned Mexican subsidiary headquartered in Mexico City, to operate as a combined entity under the name MetLife Mexico. In November 2001, the Company acquired Compania de Seguros de Vida Santander S.A. and Compania de Reaseguros de Vida Soince Re S.A., wholly-owned subsidiaries of Santander Hispano in Chile. These acquisitions marked MetLife’s entrance into the Chilean insurance market. In January 2000, Metropolitan Life completed its acquisition of GenAmerica, a holding company which included General American Life Insurance Company, approximately 49% of the outstanding shares of RGA common stock, and 61% of the outstanding shares of Conning common stock which was subsequently sold in 2001. Metropolitan Life owned 9% of the outstanding shares of RGA common stock prior to the completion of the GenAmerica acquisition. During 2002, the Company purchased an additional 327,600 shares of RGA’s outstanding common stock at an aggregate price of $9.5 million to offset potential future dilution of the Company’s holding of RGA’s common stock arising from the issuance by RGA of company-obligated mandatorily redeemable securities of a subsidiary trust in December 2001. These purchases increased the Company’s ownership percentage of outstanding shares of RGA common stock from approximately 58% at December 31, 2001 to approximately 59% at December 31, 2002. In April 2000, Metropolitan Life acquired the outstanding shares of Conning common stock not already owned by Metropolitan Life for $73 million. 13. Business Realignment Initiatives During the fourth quarter of 2001, the Company implemented several business realignment initiatives, which resulted from a strategic review of operations and an ongoing commitment to reduce expenses. The following tables represent the original expenses recorded in the fourth quarter of 2001 and the remaining liability as of December 31, 2002: Pre-tax Charges Recorded in the Fourth Quarter of 2001 Institutional Individual Auto & Home Total (Dollars in millions) Severance and severance-related costs **************************************** Facilities’ consolidation costs ************************************************** Business exit costs ********************************************************** Total ************************************************************** $ 9 3 387 $399 $32 65 — $97 $ 3 — — $ 3 $ 44 68 387 $499 Severance and severance-related costs **************************************** Facilities’ consolidation costs ************************************************** Business exit costs ********************************************************** Total ************************************************************** $ — — 40 $40 (Dollars in millions) $ 1 17 — $ — — — $18 $ — $ 1 17 40 $58 Remaining Liability as of December 31, 2002 Institutional Individual Auto & Home Total The business realignment initiatives resulted in savings of approximately $95 million, net of income tax, during 2002, comprised of approximately $33 million, $57 million and $5 million in the Institutional, Individual and Auto & Home segments, respectively. Institutional. The charges to this segment in the fourth quarter of 2001 include costs associated with exiting a business, including the write-off of goodwill, severance and severance-related costs, and facilities’ consolidation costs. These expenses are the result of the discontinuance of certain 401(k) recordkeeping services and externally-managed guaranteed index separate accounts. These actions resulted in charges to policyholder beneﬁts and claims and other expenses of $215 million and $184 million, respectively. During the fourth quarter of 2002, approximately $30 million of the charges recorded in 2001 were released into income primarily as a result of the accelerated implementation of the Company’s exit from the large market 401(k) business. The business realignment initiatives will ultimately result in the elimination of approximately 930 positions. As of December 31, 2002, there were approximately 340 terminations to be completed. The Company continues to carry a liability as of December 31, 2002 since the exit plan could not be completed within one year due to circumstances outside the Company’s control and since certain of its contractual obligations extended beyond one year. Individual. The charges to this segment in the fourth quarter of 2001 include facilities’ consolidation costs, severance and severance-related costs, which predominately stem from the elimination of approximately 560 non-sales positions and 190 operations and technology positions supporting this segment. As of December 31, 2002, there were approximately 25 terminations to be completed. These costs were recorded in other expenses. The remaining liability as of December 31, 2002 is due to certain contractual obligations that extended beyond one year. F-36 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Auto & Home. The charges to this segment in the fourth quarter of 2001 include severance and severance-related costs associated with the elimination of approximately 200 positions. All terminations were completed as of December 31, 2002. The costs were recorded in other expenses. 14. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes for continuing operations was as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Current: Federal ************************************************************************************* $ 817 State and local******************************************************************************* (17) Foreign ************************************************************************************* 31 Deferred: Federal ************************************************************************************* State and local******************************************************************************* Foreign ************************************************************************************* 831 (332) 16 1 (315) Provision for income taxes *********************************************************************** $ 516 $ (44) (4) 15 (33) 247 12 1 260 $(153) 34 5 (114) 521 8 6 535 $227 $ 421 Reconciliations of the income tax provision at the U.S. statutory rate to the provision for income taxes as reported for continuing operations were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Tax provision at U.S. statutory rate***************************************************************** $584 Tax effect of: Tax exempt investment income****************************************************************** Surplus tax ********************************************************************************** State and local income taxes ******************************************************************* Prior year taxes******************************************************************************* Demutualization costs ************************************************************************* Payment to former Canadian policyholders ******************************************************** Sales of businesses*************************************************************************** Other, net *********************************************************************************** (87) — 22 (7) — — — 4 Provision for income taxes************************************************************************ $516 $217 $ 454 (82) — 12 38 — — 5 37 (52) (145) 30 (37) 21 114 31 5 $227 $ 421 MetLife, Inc. F-37 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Deferred income taxes represent the tax effect of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Net deferred income tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following: December 31, 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions) Deferred income tax assets: Policyholder liabilities and receivables **************************************************************** $ 3,845 Net operating losses ****************************************************************************** 322 Employee beneﬁts ******************************************************************************** — Litigation related ********************************************************************************** 99 Intangible tax asset ******************************************************************************* 199 Other******************************************************************************************* 386 Less: Valuation allowance ************************************************************************** Deferred income tax liabilities: Investments ************************************************************************************* Deferred policy acquisition costs ******************************************************************** Employee beneﬁts ******************************************************************************** Net unrealized investment gains********************************************************************* Other******************************************************************************************* 4,851 84 4,767 1,681 3,307 55 1,264 85 6,392 Net deferred income tax liability *********************************************************************** $(1,625) $ 3,727 336 123 279 — 438 4,903 114 4,789 2,157 2,950 — 1,079 129 6,315 $(1,526) Domestic net operating loss carryforwards amount to $656 million at December 31, 2002 and will expire beginning in 2019. Foreign net operating loss carryforwards amount to $300 million at December 31, 2002 and were generated in various foreign countries with expiration periods of ﬁve years to inﬁnity. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance related to tax beneﬁts of certain foreign net operating loss carryforwards. The valuation allowance reﬂects management’s assessment, based on available information, that it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax asset for certain foreign net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. The tax beneﬁt will be recognized when management believes that it is more likely than not that these deferred income tax assets are realizable. The Internal Revenue Service has audited the Company for the years through and including 1996. The Company is being audited for the years 1997, 1998 and 1999. The Company believes that any adjustments that might be required for open years will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements. 15. Reinsurance The Company’s life insurance operations participate in reinsurance activities in order to limit losses, minimize exposure to large risks, and to provide additional capacity for future growth. The Company currently reinsures up to 90% of the mortality risk for all new individual life insurance policies that it writes through its various franchises. This practice was initiated by different franchises for different products starting at various points in time between 1992 and 2000. Risks in excess of $25 million on single life policies and $30 million on survivorship policies are 100% coinsured. In addition, in 1998, the Company reinsured substantially all of the mortality risk on its universal life policies issued since 1983. RGA retains a maximum of $4 million of coverage per individual life with respect to its assumed reinsurance business. The company reinsures its business through a diversiﬁed group of reinsurers. Placement of reinsurance is done primarily on an automatic basis and also on a facultative basis for risks of speciﬁc characteristics. The Company is contingently liable with respect to ceded reinsurance should any reinsurer be unable to meet its obligations under these agreements. In addition to reinsuring mortality risk, the Company reinsures other risks and speciﬁc coverages. The Company routinely reinsures certain classes of risks in order to limit its exposure to particular travel, avocation and lifestyle hazards. The Company has exposure to catastrophes, which are an inherent risk of the property and casualty business and could contribute to signiﬁcant ﬂuctuations in the Company’s results of operations. The Company uses excess of loss and quota share reinsurance arrangements to limit its maximum loss, provide greater diversiﬁcation of risk and minimize exposure to larger risks. The Company has also protected itself through the purchase of combination risk coverage. This reinsurance coverage pools risks from several lines of business and includes individual and group life claims in excess of $2 million per policy, as well as excess property and casualty losses, among others. See Note 11 for information regarding certain excess of loss reinsurance agreements providing coverage for risks associated primarily with sales practices claims. F-38 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The amounts in the consolidated statements of income are presented net of reinsurance ceded. The effects of reinsurance were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Direct premiums ********************************************************************** $18,392 Reinsurance assumed ***************************************************************** 3,018 Reinsurance ceded ******************************************************************* (2,324) Net premiums ************************************************************************ $19,086 $16,332 2,907 (2,027) $15,661 2,918 (2,262) $17,212 $16,317 Reinsurance recoveries netted against policyholder beneﬁts ********************************** $ 3,043 $ 2,255 $ 1,942 Reinsurance recoverables, included in premiums and other receivables, were $3,574 million and $3,393 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, including $1,348 million and $1,356 million, respectively, relating to reinsurance of long-term guaranteed interest contracts and structured settlement lump sum contracts accounted for as a ﬁnancing transaction. Reinsurance and ceded commissions payables, included in other liabilities, were $50 million and $112 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The following provides an analysis of the activity in the liability for beneﬁts relating to property and casualty and group accident and non-medical health policies and contracts: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Balance at January 1 ******************************************************************** $ 4,597 (457) Reinsurance recoverables ************************************************************** Net balance at January 1 **************************************************************** Incurred related to: Current year ************************************************************************* Prior years *************************************************************************** Paid related to: Current year ************************************************************************* Prior years *************************************************************************** Net Balance at December 31 ************************************************************* Add: Reinsurance recoverables ********************************************************* 4,379 481 Balance at December 31 **************************************************************** $ 4,860 16. Other Expenses Other expenses were comprised of the following: 4,140 4,215 (85) 4,130 (2,559) (1,332) (3,891) $ 4,226 (410) 3,816 $ 3,790 (415) 3,375 4,182 (84) 4,098 (2,538) (1,236) (3,774) 4,140 457 3,786 (112) 3,674 (2,215) (1,018) (3,233) 3,816 410 $ 4,597 $ 4,226 Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Compensation************************************************************************** $ 2,481 Commissions ************************************************************************** 2,000 Interest and debt issue costs ************************************************************* 403 Amortization of policy acquisition costs (excludes amortization of $5, $25 and ($95), respectively, related to net investment losses) ******************************************************** Capitalization of policy acquisition costs **************************************************** Rent, net of sublease income ************************************************************* Minority interest************************************************************************* Other ********************************************************************************* 1,639 (2,340) 295 73 2,510 Total other expenses **************************************************************** $ 7,061 $ 2,459 1,651 332 $ 2,712 1,696 436 1,413 (2,039) 282 57 2,867 1,478 (1,863) 230 115 2,597 $ 7,022 $ 7,401 17. Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock On September 29, 1999, the Holding Company adopted a stockholder rights plan (the ‘‘rights plan’’) under which each outstanding share of common stock issued between April 4, 2000 and the distribution date (as deﬁned in the rights plan) will be coupled with a stockholder right. Each right will entitle the holder to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. Each one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock will have economic and voting terms equivalent to one share of common stock. Until it is exercised, the right itself will not entitle the holder thereof to any rights as a stockholder, including the right to receive dividends or to vote at stockholder meetings. MetLife, Inc. F-39 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Stockholder rights are not exercisable until the distribution date, and will expire at the close of business on April 4, 2010, unless earlier redeemed or exchanged by the Holding Company. The rights plan is designed to protect stockholders in the event of unsolicited offers to acquire the Holding Company and other coercive takeover tactics. Common Stock On the date of demutualization, the Holding Company conducted an initial public offering of 202,000,000 shares of its common stock and concurrent private placements of an aggregate of 60,000,000 shares of its common stock at an initial public offering price of $14.25 per share. The shares of common stock issued in the offerings were in addition to 494,466,664 shares of common stock of the Holding Company distributed to the MetLife Policyholder Trust for the beneﬁt of policyholders of Metropolitan Life in connection with the demutualization. On April 10, 2000, the Holding Company issued 30,300,000 additional shares of common stock as a result of the exercise of over-allotment options granted to underwriters in the initial public offering. On February 19, 2002, the Holding Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $1 billion common stock repurchase program. This program began after the completion of the March 28, 2001 and June 27, 2000 repurchase programs, each of which authorized the repurchase of $1 billion of common stock. Under these authorizations, the Holding Company may purchase common stock from the MetLife Policyholder Trust, in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions. On August 7, 2001, the Company purchased 10 million shares of its common stock as part of the sale of 25 million shares of MetLife common stock by Santusa Holdings, S.L., an afﬁliate of Banco Santander Central Hispano, S.A. The sale by Santusa Holdings, S.L. was made pursuant to a shelf registration statement, effective June 29, 2001. The Company acquired 15,244,492, 45,242,966 and 26,108,315 shares of common stock for $471 million, $1,322 million and $613 million during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. At December 31, 2002, the Company had approximately $806 million remaining on its existing share repurchase authorization. Dividend Restrictions Under the New York Insurance Law, Metropolitan Life is permitted without prior insurance regulatory clearance to pay a stockholder dividend to the Holding Company as long as the aggregate amount of all such dividends in any calendar year does not exceed the lesser of (i) 10% of its surplus to policyholders as of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) its statutory net gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar year (excluding realized capital gains). Metropolitan Life will be permitted to pay a stockholder dividend to the Holding Company in excess of the lesser of such two amounts only if it ﬁles notice of its intention to declare such a dividend and the amount thereof with the Superintendent and the Superintendent does not disapprove the distribution. Under the New York Insurance Law, the Superintendent has broad discretion in determining whether the ﬁnancial condition of a stock life insurance company would support the payment of such dividends to its stockholders. The Department has established informal guidelines for such determinations. The guidelines, among other things, focus on the insurer’s overall ﬁnancial condition and proﬁtability under statutory accounting practices. For the year ended December 31, 2002, Metropolitan Life paid to MetLife, Inc. $535 million in dividends for which prior insurance regulatory clearance was not required and $369 million in special dividends, as approved by the Superintendent. For the year ended December 31, 2001, Metropolitan Life paid to MetLife, Inc. $721 million in dividends for which prior insurance regulatory clearance was not required and $3,033 million in special dividends, as approved by the Superintendent. For the year ended December 31, 2000, Metropolitan Life paid to MetLife, Inc. $763 million in dividends for which prior insurance regulatory clearance was not required. At December 31, 2002, Metropolitan Life could pay the Holding Company a dividend of $662 million without prior approval of the Superintendent. MIAC paid to MetLife, Inc. $25 million and $31 million in dividends for which prior insurance regulatory clearance was not required for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. MIAC is subject to similar restrictions based on the regulations of its state of domicile, and at December 31, 2002, could pay the Holding Company dividends of $104 million without prior approval. Stock Compensation Plans Under the MetLife, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan (the ‘‘Stock Incentive Plan’’), awards granted may be in the form of non-qualiﬁed or incentive stock options qualifying under Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the MetLife, Inc. 2000 Directors Stock Plan, (the ‘‘Directors Stock Plan’’) awards granted may be in the form of stock awards or non-qualiﬁed stock options or a combination of the foregoing to outside Directors of the Company. The aggregate number of shares of stock that may be awarded under the Stock Incentive Plan is subject to a maximum limit of 37,823,333 shares for the duration of the plan. The Directors Stock Plan has a maximum limit of 500,000 share awards. All options granted have an exercise price equal to the fair market value price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, and an option’s maximum term is ten years. Certain options under the Stock Incentive Plan become exercisable over a three-year period commencing with date of grant, while other options become exercisable three years after the date of grant. Options issued under the Directors Stock Plan are exercisable at any time after April 7, 2002. The Company applies APB 25 and related interpretations in accounting for its stock-based compensation plans. Accordingly, in the measurement of compensation expense, the Company utilizes the excess of market price over exercise price on the ﬁrst date that both the number of shares and award price are known. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, compensation expense for non-employees related to the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan and Directors Stock Plan was $2 million and $1 million, respectively. F-40 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Had compensation cost for the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan and Directors Stock Plan been determined based on fair value at the grant date for awards under those plans consistent with the method of SFAS No. 123, the Company’s net income and earnings per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts below: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 (Dollars in millions, except per share data) Net Income As reported******************************************************************************** $1,605 Pro forma(1)(2) ***************************************************************************** $1,563 Basic earnings per share As reported******************************************************************************** $ 2.28 Pro forma(1)(2) ***************************************************************************** $ 2.22 Diluted earnings per share As reported******************************************************************************** $ 2.20 Pro forma(1)(2) ***************************************************************************** $ 2.14 $ 473 $ 454 $0.64 $0.61 $0.62 $0.59 (1) The pro forma earnings disclosures are not necessarily representative of the effects on net income and earnings per share in future years. (2) Includes the Company’s ownership share of compensation costs related to RGA’s incentive stock plan determined in accordance with SFAS 123. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions used for grants for the: Years Ended December 31, Dividend yield *********************************************************************** Risk-free rate of return**************************************************************** 4.74% – 5.52% Volatility **************************************************************************** 25.3% – 30.3% Expected duration ******************************************************************* 4 – 6 years 0.68% 2002 2001 0.68% 5.72% 31.6% 4 – 6 years A summary of the status of options included in the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan and Directors Stock Plan is presented below: Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Options Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding at December 31, 2000************************************* — Granted ************************************************************ 12,263,550 Canceled/expired **************************************************** (1,158,025) Outstanding at December 31, 2001************************************* 11,105,525 Granted ************************************************************ 7,275,855 Exercised *********************************************************** (11,401) Canceled/expired **************************************************** (2,098,821) Outstanding at December 31, 2002************************************* 16,271,158 $ — $29.93 $29.95 $29.93 $30.35 $29.95 $30.07 $30.10 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $30.01 — — — — — — — 1,357,034 Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 Weighted average fair value of options granted ************************************************ $10.48 $10.29 The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2002: Range of Exercise Prices $23.75 – $26.75 $26.76 – $28.75 $28.76 – $30.75 $30.76 – $32.75 $32.76 – $33.64 Number Outstanding at December 31, 2002 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Weighted Average Exercise Price 28,000 150,400 15,887,628 180,600 24,530 16,271,158 9.76 9.21 8.34 8.48 9.32 8.26 $23.75 $27.36 $30.11 $31.92 $33.64 $30.10 Number Exercisable at December 31, 2002 — — 1,319,253 13,251 24,530 1,357,034 Weighted Average Exercise Price $ — $ — $29.93 $30.95 $33.64 $30.01 MetLife, Inc. F-41 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. Statutory Equity and Income Applicable insurance department regulations require that the insurance subsidiaries prepare statutory ﬁnancial statements in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance department of the state of domicile. Statutory accounting practices primarily differ from GAAP by charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing future policy beneﬁt liabilities using different actuarial assumptions, reporting surplus notes as surplus instead of debt and valuing securities on a different basis. As of December 31, 2001, New York Statutory Accounting Practices did not provide for deferred income taxes. The Department has adopted a modiﬁcation to its regulations, effective December 31, 2002, with respect to the admissibility of deferred taxes by New York insurers, subject to certain limitations. Statutory net income of Metropolitan Life, as ﬁled with the Department, was $1,478 million, $2,782 million and $1,027 million for the years ended 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively; statutory capital and surplus, as ﬁled, was $6,986 million and $5,358 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (‘‘NAIC’’) adopted the Codiﬁcation of Statutory Accounting Principles (the ‘‘Codiﬁcation’’), which is intended to standardize regulatory accounting and reporting to state insurance departments, and became effective January 1, 2001. However, statutory accounting principles continue to be established by individual state laws and permitted practices. The Department required adoption of the Codiﬁcation, with certain modiﬁcations, for the preparation of statutory ﬁnancial statements effective January 1, 2001. Further modiﬁcations by state insurance departments may impact the effect of the Codiﬁcation on the statutory capital and surplus of Metropolitan Life and the Holding Company’s other insurance subsidiaries. 18. Other Comprehensive Income The following table sets forth the reclassiﬁcation adjustments required for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 to avoid double- counting in other comprehensive income (loss) items that are included as part of net income for the current year that have been reported as a part of other comprehensive income (loss) in the current or prior year: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Holding gains on investments arising during the year ********************************************** $ 3,722 Income tax effect of holding gains ************************************************************** (1,169) Reclassiﬁcation adjustments: Recognized holding losses included in current year income *************************************** Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts associated with investments ******************** Recognized holding gains allocated to other policyholder amounts ********************************* Income tax effect ************************************************************************** Allocation of holding losses on investments relating to other policyholder amounts ********************** Income tax effect of allocation of holding losses to other policyholder amounts************************* Net unrealized investment gains **************************************************************** 403 Foreign currency translation adjustment ********************************************************** (69) Minimum pension liability adjustment ************************************************************ — Other comprehensive income ****************************************************************** $ 334 369 (526) (145) 95 (2,832) 889 $1,319 (520) $2,789 (969) 534 (488) (134) 35 (69) 27 704 (60) (18) 989 (499) (54) (151) (971) 338 1,472 (6) (9) $ 626 $1,457 19. Earnings Per Share and Earnings After Date of Demutualization Net income after the date of demutualization is based on the results of operations after March 31, 2000, adjusted for the payments to the former Canadian policyholders and costs of demutualization recorded in April 2000 which are applicable to the period prior to April 7, 2000. F-42 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. The following presents a reconciliation of the weighted average shares used in calculating basic earnings per share to those used in calculating diluted earnings per share: Weighted average common stock outstanding for basic earnings per share *************** 704,599,115 741,041,654 772,027,666 Incremental shares from assumed: For the Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions, except share and per share data) Conversion of forward purchase contracts***************************************** Exercise of stock options ******************************************************* 16,480,028 — Weighted average common stock outstanding for diluted earnings per share ************** 729,201,298 767,016,901 788,507,694 24,596,950 5,233 25,974,114 1,133 Income from Continuing Operations******************************************** $ 1,155 $ 387 $ 1,114(1) Basic earnings per share ******************************************************* $ 1.64 $ 0.52 $ Diluted earnings per share ****************************************************** $ 1.58 $ 0.51 $ Income from Discontinued Operations ***************************************** $ 450 $ 86 $ Basic earnings per share ******************************************************* $ 0.64 $ 0.12 $ Diluted earnings per share ****************************************************** $ 0.62 $ 0.11 $ 1.44 1.41 59(1) 0.08 0.08 Net Income ******************************************************************* $ 1,605 $ 473 $ 1,173(1) Basic earnings per share ******************************************************* $ 2.28 $ 0.64 $ Diluted earnings per share ****************************************************** $ 2.20 $ 0.62 $ 1.52 1.49 (1) For the period April 7, 2000 through December 31, 2000. 20. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) The unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 are summarized in the table below: Three Months Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (Dollars in millions, except per share data) 2002 Total revenues******************************************************* Total expenses ****************************************************** Income from continuing operations************************************** Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting******************* Net income ********************************************************* Basic earnings per share Income from continuing operations************************************ Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting***************** Net income ******************************************************* Diluted earnings per share Income from continuing operations************************************ Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting***************** Net income ******************************************************* 2001 Total revenues******************************************************* Total expenses ****************************************************** Income (loss) from continuing operations********************************* Net income (loss) **************************************************** Basic earnings per share $7,973 $7,482 $ 305 $ 324 $ 329 $ 0.43 $ 0.46 $ 0.46 $ 0.41 $ 0.44 $ 0.44 $7,757 $7,363 $ 265 $ 287 Income (loss) from continuing operations******************************* Net income (loss) ************************************************** $ 0.35 $ 0.38 Diluted earnings per share Income (loss) from continuing operations******************************* Net income (loss) ************************************************** $ 0.34 $ 0.37 $8,244 $7,715 $ 368 $ 387 $ 387 $ 0.52 $ 0.55 $ 0.55 $ 0.50 $ 0.53 $ 0.53 $7,627 $7,169 $ 296 $ 320 $ 0.40 $ 0.43 $ 0.38 $ 0.41 $8,120 $7,686 $ 311 $ 333 $ 328 $ 0.44 $ 0.47 $ 0.47 $ 0.43 $ 0.46 $ 0.45 $7,815 $7,603 $ 144 $ 162 $ 0.20 $ 0.22 $ 0.19 $ 0.21 $8,810 $8,593 $ 171 $ 561 $ 561 $ 0.24 $ 0.80 $ 0.80 $ 0.24 $ 0.78 $ 0.78 $8,061 $8,511 $ (318) $ (296) $ (0.44) $ (0.41) $ (0.43) $ (0.40) Due to changes in the number of average shares outstanding, quarterly earnings per share of common stock do not add to the totals for the years. Unaudited net income for the ﬁrst quarter of 2002 includes a charge of $48 million related to Metropolitan Life’s wholly-owned subsidiary, General American, in connection with its former Medicare business and the resolution of a federal government investigation. Unaudited net income for the second quarter of 2002 includes a beneﬁt of $30 million related to a reduction of the Company’s previously established liability for its sales practice class action MetLife, Inc. F-43 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. settlement recorded in 1999. Unaudited net income for the fourth quarter of 2002 includes a charge of $169 million related to the Company’s asbestos- related litigation, a $20 million beneﬁt related to the reduction of a previously established liability for the Company’s 2001 business realignment initiatives and a $17 million beneﬁt related to the reduction of a previously established liability for disability insurance-related losses from the September 11, 2001 tragedies. Unaudited net income for the third quarter of 2001 includes charges for insurance-related losses of $208 million related to the September 11, 2001 tragedies. Unaudited net income for the fourth quarter of 2001 includes charges of $159 million related to a class action lawsuit and a related regulatory inquiry pending against Metropolitan Life, $330 million related to business realignment initiatives and $74 million related to the establishment of a policyholder liability for certain group annuity policies. F-44 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. 21. Business Segment Information The Company provides insurance and ﬁnancial services to customers in the United States, Canada, Central America, South America, Europe, South Africa, Asia and Australia. The Company’s business is divided into six major segments: Individual, Institutional, Reinsurance, Auto & Home, Asset Management and International. These segments are managed separately because they either provide different products and services, require different strategies or have different technology requirements. Individual offers a wide variety of individual insurance and investment products, including life insurance, annuities and mutual funds. Institutional offers a broad range of group insurance and retirement and savings products and services, including group life insurance, non-medical health insurance such as short and long-term disability, long-term care, and dental insurance, and other insurance products and services. Reinsurance provides primarily reinsurance of life and annuity policies in North America and various international markets. Additionally, reinsurance of critical illness policies is provided in select international markets. Auto & Home provides insurance coverages, including private passenger automobile, homeowners and personal excess liability insurance. Asset Management provides a broad variety of asset management products and services to individuals and institutions. International provides life insurance, accident and health insurance, annuities and retirement and savings products to both individuals and groups, and auto and homeowners coverage to individuals. Set forth in the tables below is certain ﬁnancial information with respect to the Company’s operating segments as of or for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of signiﬁcant accounting policies, except for the method of capital allocation and the accounting for gains and losses from inter-company sales which are eliminated in consolidation. The Company allocates capital to each segment based upon an internal capital allocation system that allows the Company to more effectively manage its capital. The Company evaluates the performance of each operating segment based upon income or loss from operations before provision for income taxes and non-recurring items (e.g. items of unusual or infrequent nature). The Company allocates certain non-recurring items (primarily consisting of expenses associated with the resolution of proceedings alleging race-conscious underwriting practices, sales practices claims and claims for personal injuries caused by exposure to asbestos or asbestos-containing products and demutualization costs) to Corporate & Other. At or for the Year Ended December 31, 2002 Individual Institutional Reinsurance Auto & Home Asset Management (Dollars in millions) International Corporate & Other Total Premiums *********************************** $ Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ************************************** Net investment income ************************ Other revenues******************************* Net investment (losses) gains ******************* Policyholder beneﬁts and claims***************** Interest credited to policyholder account balances** Policyholder dividends ************************* Other expenses ****************************** Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes ******************* Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes ****************************** Net income (loss) ***************************** Total assets********************************** Deferred policy acquisition costs **************** Goodwill, net********************************* Separate account assets ********************** Policyholder liabilities ************************** Separate account liabilities ********************* 4,507 $ 8,254 $ 2,005 $2,828 $ — $1,511 $ (19) $ 19,086 1,380 6,259 418 (164) 5,220 1,793 1,770 2,629 615 3,928 609 (506) 9,339 932 115 1,531 — 421 43 2 1,554 146 22 622 — 177 26 (46) 2,019 — — 793 988 983 127 173 201 826 138,783 8,521 223 27,457 95,813 27,457 123 759 94,950 608 62 31,935 55,497 31,935 — 84 10,229 1,477 96 11 7,387 11 — 132 4,957 175 155 — 2,673 — — 59 166 (4) — — — 211 10 — 6 191 — 18 — — — 144 461 14 (9) 1,388 79 35 507 — 24 101 (57) 3 — — 768 2,139 11,329 1,377 (784) 19,523 2,950 1,942 7,061 112 (722) 1,671 — 84 8,963 945 193 307 5,883 307 126 (286) 19,312 1 3 (17) (2,011) (17) 450 1,605 277,385 11,727 750 59,693 165,242 59,693 MetLife, Inc. F-45 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. At or for the Year Ended December 31, 2001 Individual Institutional Reinsurance Auto & Home Asset Management (Dollars in millions) International Corporate & Other Total Premiums *********************************** $ Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ************************************** Net investment income ************************ Other revenues******************************* Net investment gains (losses) ******************* Policyholder beneﬁts and claims***************** Interest credited to policyholder account balances** Policyholder dividends ************************* Other expenses ****************************** Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes ******************* Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes ****************************** Net income (loss) ***************************** Total assets********************************** Deferred policy acquisition costs **************** Goodwill, net********************************* Separate account assets ********************** Policyholder liabilities ************************** Separate account liabilities ********************* 4,563 $ 7,288 $ 1,762 $2,755 $ — $ 846 $ (2) $ 17,212 1,260 6,188 495 827 5,233 1,898 1,767 2,747 592 3,966 649 (15) 8,924 1,013 259 1,746 — 390 42 (6) 1,484 122 24 491 — 200 22 (17) 2,121 — — 800 1,688 538 67 39 38 1,095 131,314 8,757 223 31,261 88,287 31,261 23 382 89,661 509 55 31,177 52,075 31,177 — 40 7,983 1,196 106 13 5,427 13 — 41 4,581 179 159 — 2,610 — — 71 198 25 — — — 252 42 — 27 256 — 20 — — — 38 267 16 (16) 689 51 36 329 (1) 173 85 (1,401) 3 — — 657 1,889 11,255 1,507 (603) 18,454 3,084 2,086 7,022 46 (1,806) 614 — 14 5,308 525 37 277 3,419 277 25 (1,126) 17,867 1 9 (14) (813) (14) 86 473 256,970 11,167 609 62,714 151,005 62,714 At or for the Year Ended December 31, 2000 Individual Institutional Reinsurance Auto & Home Asset Management (Dollars in millions) International Corporate & Other Total Premiums *********************************** $ Universal life and investment-type product policy fees ************************************** Net investment income ************************ Other revenues******************************* Net investment gains (losses) ******************* Policyholder beneﬁts and claims***************** Interest credited to policyholder account balances** Policyholder dividends ************************* Payments to former Canadian policyholders ******* Demutualization costs ************************* Other expenses ****************************** Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes ******************* Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes ****************************** Net income (loss) ***************************** 4,673 $ 6,900 $ 1,450 $2,636 $ — $ 660 $ (2) $ 16,317 1,221 6,108 650 227 5,054 1,680 1,742 — — 3,012 1,391 36 920 547 3,712 650 (475) 8,178 1,090 124 — — 1,514 428 21 307 — 379 29 (2) 1,096 109 21 — — 513 117 — 69 — 194 40 (20) 2,005 — — — — 827 18 — 30 — 90 760 — — — — — — 784 66 — 34 53 254 9 18 562 56 32 327 — 292 (1) 287 91 (138) (2) — — — 230 459 1,820 11,024 2,229 (390) 16,893 2,935 1,919 327 230 7,401 (275) (450) 1,295 — (285) 22 (122) 79 953 The International segment’s assets at December 31, 2002 and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2002 include the assets and results of operations of Hidalgo, a Mexican life insurer that was acquired in June 2002. For the year ended December 31, 2001 the Institutional, Individual, Reinsurance and Auto & Home segments include $287 million, $24 million, $9 million and $5 million, respectively, of pre-tax losses associated with the September 11, 2001 tragedies. See Note 2. The Institutional, Individual and Auto & Home segments include $399 million, $97 million and $3 million, respectively, in pre-tax charges associated with business realignment initiatives for the year ended December 31, 2001. See Note 13. For the year ended December 31, 2001, the Individual segment includes $118 million of pre-tax expenses associated with the establishment of a policyholder liability for certain group annuity policies. For the year ended December 31, 2001, pre-tax gross investment gains and (losses) of $1,027 million, $142 million and ($1,172) million (comprised of a $354 million gain and an intercompany elimination of ($1,526) million), resulting from the sale of certain real estate properties from Metropolitan Life to Metropolitan Insurance and Annuity Company, a subsidiary of MetLife, Inc., are included in the Individual segment, Institutional segment and Corporate & Other, respectively. The Individual segment included an equity ownership interest in Nvest under the equity method of accounting. Nvest was included within the Asset Management segment due to the types of products and strategies employed by the entity. The Individual segment’s equity in earnings of Nvest, which is included in net investment income, was $30 million for the year ended December 31, 2000. The Individual segment includes $538 million (after allocating $118 million to participating contracts) of the pre-tax gross investment gain on the sale of Nvest in 2000. F-46 MetLife, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) METLIFE, INC. As part of the GenAmerica acquisition in 2000, the Company acquired Conning, the results of which are included in the Asset Management segment due to the types of products and strategies employed by the entity from its acquisition date to July 2001, the date of its disposition. The Company sold Conning, receiving $108 million in the transaction and reported a gain of approximately $25 million, in the third quarter of 2001. The Corporate & Other segment consists of various start-up entities, including Grand Bank, N.A., and run-off entities, as well as the elimination of all intersegment amounts. The principal component of the intersegment amounts relates to intersegment loans, which bear interest rates commensurate with related borrowings. In addition, the elimination of the Individual segment’s ownership interest in Nvest is included for the year ended December 31, 2000. Net investment income and net investment gains and losses are based upon the actual results of each segment’s speciﬁcally identiﬁable asset portfolio adjusted for allocated capital. Other costs and operating costs were allocated to each of the segments based upon: (i) a review of the nature of such costs, (ii) time studies analyzing the amount of employee compensation costs incurred by each segment, and (iii) cost estimates included in the Company’s product pricing. Revenues derived from any customer did not exceed 10% of consolidated revenues. Revenues from U.S. operations were $31,026 million, $30,109 million and $30,006 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, which represented 94%, 96% and 97%, respectively, of consolidated revenues. 22. Discontinued Operations The Company actively manages its real estate portfolio with the objective to maximize earnings through selective acquisitions and dispositions. Accordingly, the Company sold certain real estate holdings out of its portfolio during 2002. In accordance with SFAS No. 144, income related to real estate classiﬁed as held-for-sale on or after January 1, 2002 is presented as discontinued operations. The following table presents the components of income from discontinued operations: Years Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 (Dollars in millions) Investment income *************************************************************************** $ 375 Investment expense ************************************************************************** (251) Net investment gains ************************************************************************* 582 Total revenues*********************************************************************** Provision for income taxes********************************************************************* 706 256 Income from discontinued operations *************************************************** $ 450 $ 422 (297) — 125 39 $ 418 (297) — 121 42 $ 86 $ 79 The carrying value of real estate related to discontinued operations was $223 million and $1,580 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. See Note 21 for discontinued operations by business segment. 23. Subsequent Events In connection with MetLife, Inc.’s initial public offering in April 2000, the Holding Company and MetLife Capital Trust I (the ‘‘Trust’’) issued equity security units (the ‘‘units’’). Each unit originally consisted of (i) a contract to purchase, for $50, shares of the Holding Company’s common stock on May 15, 2003, and (ii) a capital security of the Trust, with a stated liquidation amount of $50. In accordance with the terms of the units, the Trust was dissolved on February 5, 2003 and $1,006 million aggregate principal amount 8% debentures of the Holding Company (‘‘MetLife debentures’’), the sole asset of the Trust, were distributed to the unitholders in exchange for the capital securities. As required by the terms of the units, the MetLife debentures were remarketed on behalf of the debenture holders on February 12, 2003 and the interest rate on the MetLife debentures was reset as of February 15, 2003 to 3.911% per annum for a yield to maturity of 2.876%. MetLife, Inc. F-47 BOARD OF DIRECTORS HARRY P. KAMEN Retired Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Member, Governance and Finance Committee and Executive Committee HELENE L. KAPLAN Of Counsel Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP Chair, Governance and Finance Committee Member, Corporate Social Responsibility Committee and Executive Committee CATHERINE R. KINNEY Co-Chief Operating Ofﬁcer, President and Executive Vice Chairman New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Member, Compensation Committee and Governance and Finance Committee CHARLES M. LEIGHTON Retired Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer CML Group, Inc. Member, Compensation Committee and Executive Committee STEWART G. NAGLER Vice Chairman of the Board and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer MetLife, Inc. Member, Corporate Social Responsibility Committee JOHN J. PHELAN, JR. Former Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Member, Audit Committee, Governance and Finance Committee and Executive Committee HUGH B. PRICE President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer National Urban League, Inc. Chair, Corporate Social Responsibility Committee Member, Audit Committee WILLIAM C. STEERE, JR. Retired Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer Pﬁzer Inc. Chair, Compensation Committee Member, Audit Committee and Governance and Finance Committee ROBERT H. BENMOSCHE Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer MetLife, Inc. Chair, Executive Committee CURTIS H. BARNETTE Chairman Emeritus Bethlehem Steel Corporation Member, Corporate Social Responsibility Committee GERALD CLARK Vice Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Ofﬁcer MetLife, Inc. Member, Corporate Social Responsibility Committee JOHN C. DANFORTH Partner Bryan Cave LLP Former U.S. Senator Member, Corporate Social Responsibility Committee BURTON A. DOLE, JR. Retired Chairman of the Board Nellcor Puritan Bennett, Inc. Member, Audit Committee and Corporate Social Responsibility Committee JAMES R. HOUGHTON Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer Corning Incorporated Chair, Audit Committee Member, Governance and Finance Committee and Executive Committee EXECUTIVE OFFICERS ROBERT H. BENMOSCHE Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer GERALD CLARK Vice Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Ofﬁcer STEWART G. NAGLER Vice Chairman of the Board and Chief Financial Ofﬁcer C. ROBERT HENRIKSON President, U.S. Insurance and Financial Services businesses CATHERINE A. REIN President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer MetLife@ Auto & Home WILLIAM J. TOPPETA President, MetLife International GARY A. BELLER Senior Executive Vice President and General Counsel LISA M. WEBER Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Ofﬁcer DANIEL J. CAVANAGH Executive Vice President, Operations and Technology

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