MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
2 TECH DRIVE, SUITE 201
ANDOVER, MA 01810
+1 978.645.5500
WWW.MKSINST.COM
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ANNUAL REPORT
2019
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MANAGEMENT
SHAREHOLDER CONTACTS
John R. Bertucci
Chairman
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Rajeev Batra
President
Siemens Digital Industries, U.S.
Gregory R. Beecher
Former Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
Teradyne, Inc.
Gerald G. Colella
Former Chief Executive Officer
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Rick D. Hess
Former Executive Vice President
Analog Devices, Inc.
John T.C. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Jacqueline F. Moloney
Chancellor
University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Elizabeth A. Mora
Chief Administrative Officer
The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.
Michelle M. Warner
Former Senior Vice President,
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
USG Corporation
John T.C. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer
Seth H. Bagshaw
Senior Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Kathleen F. Burke
Senior Vice President,
General Counsel and Secretary
Corporate Headquarters
MKS Instruments, Inc.
2 Tech Drive, Suite 201
Andover, MA 01810
Telephone: 978.645.5500
Outside Counsel
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale
and Dorr LLP
Boston, MA
David P. Henry
Senior Vice President,
Marketing and Project Management
Independent Auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, MA
Jennifer J. Reilly
Senior Vice President,
Chief Human Resources Officer
Stock Listing
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Symbol: MKSI
James A. Schreiner
Senior Vice President,
Chief Operating Officer
Francis J. Tan
Senior Vice President,
Strategic Development
Transfer Agent
American Stock Transfer &
Trust Company, LLC
6201 15th Avenue
Brooklyn, NY 11219
Telephone: 718.921.8300
Fax: 718.765.8717
www.amstock.com
Shareholders may also
direct inquiries to:
David Ryzhik
Vice President, Investor Relations
MKS Instruments, Inc.
2 Tech Drive, Suite 201
Andover, MA 01810
Telephone: 978.557.5180
www.mksinst.com
Annual Meeting of
Shareholders
May 12, 2020, 10:00 a.m.
MKS Instruments, Inc.
2 Tech Drive, Suite 201
Andover, MA 01810
Our vision is to enable technologies that transform
our world. Our core capability is to leverage
collective curiosity to understand and develop
unique solutions that address the technology
challenges of tomorrow. The MKS mission is to
be the innovation leader and trusted partner who
pushes the boundaries of possibility. Our success
is built upon our ability to work closely with our
customers, understand their critical issues, and then
develop superior solutions together.
We have been clear in our strategy to broaden
MKS’ exposure to new customers and markets.
The acquisition of ESI, which closed on February 1,
2019, is another significant step in executing this
strategy. This acquisition advances our Surround
the Workpiece® offerings by adding systems-level
expertise and deep technical understanding of laser
materials processing. We expect ESI to strengthen
our expertise in the Lasers, Photonics and Optics
Markets, enabling us to develop systems that provide
unique and cost-effective solutions even faster.
As we look ahead to 2020, we will continue to build
on our accomplishments of 2019. We will continue
our focus on delivering sustainable and profitable
growth, and creating long-term value for our
shareholders. In closing, I am honored to lead MKS
into its next phase of growth, with a highly talented
leadership team, and many dedicated employees.
And I want to thank you, our customers, suppliers, and
shareholders, for your continued confidence in MKS.
John T.C. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer
TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS
As we enter a new decade at MKS, we are excited
about three important secular trends driving both
our Semiconductor and Advanced Markets.
First is the impact of a world that continues to be
increasingly interconnected, resulting in an explosion
of requirements for data transmission, data storage
and data analytics. This drives continued growth for
advanced memory and logic chip demand.
Second is the increasing complexity of technology
transitions in the semiconductor manufacturing
process, which leads to inflections and opportunities.
Recent examples include the extreme vertical
structures of 3D NAND and process engineering at
the atomic level enabled by atomic layer deposition.
These inflections, and our broad and deep portfolio,
provide even more growth opportunities for MKS,
as we are uniquely positioned to deliver the most
innovative solutions.
Third is the accelerating need for laser-based
precision manufacturing techniques, which are
enabled by lasers, photonics, optics, motion and
systems solutions. We believe our long history and
deep expertise in solving critical problems position
us well to address these needs for our customers.
The first half of 2019 was challenging due to the
continued downturn in our Semiconductor Market,
as well as geopolitical and trade headwinds.
However, in the second half of the year, we saw
improved fundamentals within the Semiconductor
Market and stabilization in our Advanced Markets, as
trade tensions started to ease.
Revenues for 2019 were $1.9 billion, a decrease of
8% from $2.1 billion in 2018. Revenues from the
Semiconductor Market were $929 million, a decrease
of 19% compared to 2018, while revenues from
Advanced Markets, which include contributions
from Electro Scientific Industries, Inc., or ESI, were
$971 million, an increase of 4% compared to 2018.
Net income in 2019 was $140 million, or $2.55 per
diluted share, compared to net income of $393
million, or $7.14 per diluted share in 2018.
2 MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
MEET OUR EXECUTIVE TEAM
“
We will
continue our focus
on delivering
sustainable and
profitable growth,
and creating
long-term value
for our
shareholders.
“
Sitting L-R: Kathleen Burke, SVP, General Counsel &
Secretary; John T.C. Lee, President & Chief Executive Officer;
Jennifer Reilly, SVP & CHRO. Standing L-R: Dave Henry,
SVP, Marketing & Project Management; Jim Schreiner, SVP,
COO; Seth Bagshaw, SVP, CFO & Treasurer; Frank Tan, SVP,
Strategic Development.
ANNUAL REPORT 2019 3
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform
Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regarding the future financial
performance, business prospects and growth of MKS. These statements are only predictions based on current assumptions
and expectations. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact (including statements containing the words “will,”
“projects,” “intends,” “believes,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “continues” and similar expressions)
should be considered to be forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially from those in the forward-
looking statements set forth herein. Among the important factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those
in the forward-looking statements are the global economic impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the conditions
affecting the markets in which MKS operates, including the fluctuations in capital spending in the semiconductor industry and
other advanced manufacturing markets, fluctuations in sales to our major customers, the ability of MKS to successfully integrate
ESI’s operations and employees, unexpected costs, charges or expenses resulting from the ESI acquisition, MKS’ ability to realize
anticipated synergies and cost savings from the ESI acquisition, the terms of our Term Loan Facility, competition from larger or
more established companies in MKS’ markets; MKS’ ability to successfully grow ESI’s business; potential adverse reactions or
changes to business relationships resulting from the ESI acquisition, the challenges, risks and costs involved with integrating
the operations of the other companies we have acquired, the Company’s ability to successfully grow our business, potential
fluctuations in quarterly results, dependence on new product development, rapid technological and market change, acquisition
strategy, manufacturing and sourcing risks, volatility of stock price, international operations, financial risk management, and
the other factors described in “Risk Factors” Part 1, Item 1A in the 2019 Form 10-K included in this report. MKS is under no
obligation to, and expressly disclaims any obligation to, update or alter these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of
new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this report.
4 MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. (NASDAQ: MKSI) is a global provider of instruments,
systems, subsystems and process control solutions that measure, monitor, deliver, analyze, power and
control critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to improve process performance
and productivity for our customers.
OUR VISION
Enabling the Technologies that
Transform our World
OUR MISSION
Innovation Leader and Trusted Partner
pushing the boundaries of possibility
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
GROW
Enabling
Sustainable
and Profitable
Growth
WIN
Win
as a
Team
INNOVATE
OWN
Innovation
is a Core
Capability
Own
It!
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
(MARK ONE)
È
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019
or
‘
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from
to
Commission File number 0-23621
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Massachusetts
(State or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
2 Tech Drive, Suite 201, Andover, Massachusetts
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
04-2277512
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
01810
(Zip Code)
(978) 645-5500
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value
MKSI
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes È
No ‘
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ‘
No È
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
No ‘
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes È
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to submit such files). Yes È
No ‘
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and
“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer È Accelerated filer ‘ Non-accelerated filer ‘ Smaller reporting company ‘ Emerging growth company ‘
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with or any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ‘
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ‘ No È
Aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the registrant as of June 28, 2019 based on the
closing price of the registrant’s common stock on such date as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market: $4,224,355,318.
Number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock, no par value, as of February 19, 2020: 54,866,512
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission no later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 1.
Item IA.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mine Safety Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART II
Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART III
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence . . . . . . .
Principal Accountant Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART IV
2
8
31
32
32
33
34
36
38
59
61
123
123
124
125
125
125
125
125
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 15.
Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SIGNATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
130
132
1
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 regarding the future financial performance, business prospects and growth of MKS. These
statements are only predictions based on current assumptions and expectations. Any statements that are not
statements of historical fact (including statements containing the words “will,” “projects,” “intends,” “believes,”
“plans,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “continues” and similar expressions) should be
considered to be forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially from those in the
forward-looking statements set forth herein. Among the important factors that could cause actual events to differ
materially from those in the forward-looking statements are the conditions affecting the markets in which MKS
operates, including the fluctuations in capital spending in the semiconductor industry and other advanced
manufacturing markets, fluctuations in sales to our major customers, the ability of MKS to successfully integrate
ESI’s operations and employees, unexpected costs, charges or expenses resulting from the ESI acquisition, MKS’
ability to realize anticipated synergies and cost savings from the ESI acquisition, the terms of our Term Loan
Facility, competition from larger or more established companies in MKS’ markets; MKS’ ability to successfully
grow ESI’s business; potential adverse reactions or changes to business relationships resulting from the ESI
acquisition, the challenges, risks and costs involved with integrating the operations of the other companies we
have acquired, the Company’s ability to successfully grow our business, potential fluctuations in quarterly
results, dependence on new product development, rapid technological and market change, acquisition strategy,
manufacturing and sourcing risks, volatility of stock price, international operations, financial risk management,
and the other factors described in “Risk Factors” in Part 1, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. MKS is
under no obligation to, and expressly disclaims any obligation to, update or alter these forward-looking
statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this report.
Item 1.
Business
PART I
MKS Instruments, Inc. (“MKS” or the “Company”) was founded in 1961 as a Massachusetts corporation.
We are a global provider of instruments, systems, subsystems and process control solutions that measure,
monitor, deliver, analyze, power and control critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to improve
process performance and productivity for our customers. Our products are derived from our core competencies in
pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition
analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery,
vacuum technology,
lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control, vibration control and laser-based
manufacturing systems solutions. We also provide services relating to the maintenance and repair of our
products, installation services and training. Our primary served markets include semiconductor, industrial
technologies, life and health sciences, research and defense.
Where You Can Find More Information
We file reports, proxy statements and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(“SEC”). Our SEC filings are available to you on the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov.
Our website is http://www.mksinst.com. We are not including the information contained in our website as
part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this annual report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge
through our internet site our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports
on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we
electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.
2
Recent Events
Acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.
On February 1, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (“ESI”) pursuant to
an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 29, 2018 (the “ESI Merger”). At the effective time of the
ESI Merger and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the merger agreement, each share of ESI’s common
stock that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the ESI Merger was converted
into the right to receive $30.00 in cash, without interest and subject to deduction of any required withholding tax.
We paid the former ESI stockholders aggregate consideration of approximately $1.03 billion, excluding related
transaction fees and expenses, and non-cash consideration related to the exchange of share-based awards of
approximately $31 million for a total purchase consideration of approximately $1.06 billion. We funded the
payment of the aggregate consideration with a combination of our available cash on hand and the proceeds from
our 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, as defined and as described further in Item 7 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
Sale of Data Analytics Solutions Business
In April 2017, we completed the sale of our Data Analytics Solutions business for net cash proceeds
$72.5 million and recorded a pre-tax gain of $74.9 million. This business, which had net revenues in 2016 of
$12.7 million and was included in our Vacuum & Analysis segment, was no longer a part of our long-term
strategic objectives. The business did not qualify as a discontinued operation as this sale did not represent a
strategic shift in our business, nor did the sale have a major effect on our operations. Therefore, the results of
operations for all periods are included in our income from operations. The assets and liabilities of this business
have not been reclassified or segregated in the consolidated balance sheet or consolidated statements of cash
flows as the amounts were immaterial.
Reportable Segments
The Vacuum & Analysis segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which
are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas
and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery,
power generation and delivery and vacuum technology.
The Light & Motion segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which are
derived from our core competencies in lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control and vibration control.
The Equipment & Solutions segment was created in conjunction with our acquisition of ESI in February
2019. The Equipment & Solutions segment provides laser-based manufacturing systems solutions for the micro-
machining industry that enable customers to optimize production. The Equipment & Solutions segment’s primary
served markets include flexible and rigid printed circuit board (“PCB”) processing/fabrication, semiconductor
wafer processing, and passive component manufacturing and testing. The Equipment & Solutions segment’s
systems incorporate specialized laser technology and proprietary control software to efficiently process the
materials and components that are an integral part of electronic devices and systems.
For further information on our segments, see Note 21 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Markets and Applications
Since our inception, we have focused on satisfying the needs of our customers by establishing long-term
collaborative relationships. We have a diverse base of customers and our primary served markets are
manufacturers of capital equipment for semiconductor manufacturing, industrial technologies, life and health
sciences, as well as research and defense.
3
We believe there are three secular trends benefitting MKS. First is the impact of a world that continues to be
increasingly interconnected, resulting in an explosion of data transmission, data storage, and data analytics
requirements, which drives continued growth for advanced memory and logic chip demand. Second is the
increasing complexity of technology transitions in semiconductor manufacturing, which leads to inflections, such
as extreme vertical structures and process engineering at the atomic level. These inflections provide additional
growth opportunities for MKS as we believe we are uniquely positioned to deliver the broadest and deepest
portfolio of solutions. Third is the accelerating need for laser-based precision manufacturing techniques, which
are enabled by lasers, photonics, optics, motion, and systems solutions. We believe our long history and deep
expertise in solving critical problems positions us well to address these challenges for our customers.
Semiconductor Market
A significant portion of our sales are derived from products sold to semiconductor capital equipment
manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers. Our products are used in the major semiconductor
processing steps, such as depositing thin films of material onto silicon wafer substrates, etching, cleaning,
lithography, metrology and inspection.
We anticipate that the semiconductor market will continue to account for a substantial portion of our sales.
is global, major semiconductor capital equipment
While the semiconductor device manufacturing market
manufacturers are concentrated in China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States.
Approximately 49%, 55% and 57% of our net revenues for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively,
were from sales to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers.
Advanced Markets
In addition to semiconductor, our products are used in the industrial technologies, life and health sciences,
as well as research and defense markets.
Industrial Technologies
Industrial technologies encompasses a wide range of diverse applications such as flexible and rigid PCB
processing/fabrication, glass coating, laser marking, measurement and scribing, natural gas and oil production,
environmental monitoring and electronic thin films. Electronic thin films are a primary component of numerous
electronic products including flat panel displays, light emitting diodes, solar cells and data storage media.
Industrial technologies manufacturers are located in developed and developing countries across the globe.
Life and Health Sciences
Our products for life and health sciences are used in a diverse array of applications, including bioimaging,
medical
and surgical
instrumentation, consumable medical supply manufacturing and pharmaceutical production. Our life and health
sciences customers are located globally.
sterilization, medical device manufacturing,
analytical, diagnostic
instrument
Research and Defense
Our products for research and defense are sold to government, university and industrial laboratories for
applications involving research and development in materials science, physical chemistry, photonics, optics and
electronics materials. Our products are also sold for monitoring and defense applications including surveillance,
imaging and infrastructure protection. Major equipment providers and research laboratories are concentrated in
China, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States.
4
Approximately 51%, 45% and 43% of our net revenues in the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were
from advanced markets.
International Markets
A significant portion of our net revenues are from sales to customers in international markets. For the years
2019, 2018 and 2017, international net revenues accounted for approximately 53%, 51% and 50% of our total net
revenues, respectively. A significant portion of our international net revenues were in China, Germany, Israel,
Japan and South Korea. We expect that international revenues will continue to account for a significant
percentage of total net revenues for the foreseeable future, and that in particular, the proportion of our sales to
Asian customers will continue to increase, due in large part to our acquisition of ESI, as approximately 80% of
ESI’s customers are located in Asia. Long-lived assets, located in the United States, were $208 million and
$147 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, excluding goodwill, intangible assets, and long-
term tax-related accounts. Long-lived assets, located outside of the United States, were $131 million and
$77 million, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, excluding goodwill and intangibles and long-term
tax-related accounts.
Product/Service Offerings
We group our product/service offerings into three groups. These three groups are: Advanced Manufacturing
Components, Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Global Service. The Advanced Manufacturing Components
is comprised of product revenues from the Company’s Vacuum & Analysis and Light & Motion segments. The
Advanced Manufacturing Systems is comprised of product revenues from the Company’s Equipment &
Solutions segment. Global Service is comprised of total service revenues from all three of the Company’s
reportable segments.
Advanced Manufacturing Components:
Vacuum & Analysis products include:
• Pressure and Vacuum Control Solutions Products consist of direct and indirect pressure measurement.
• Materials Delivery Solutions Products include flow and valve technologies as well as integrated pressure
measurement and control subsystems, which provide customers with precise control capabilities.
• Power Delivery Products consist of microwave, power delivery systems, radio frequency matching
networks and metrology products. Our power delivery solutions are used to provide energy to various
etching, stripping and deposition processes.
• Plasma and Reactive Gas Products consist of reactive gas products, which create reactive species. A
reactive gas is used to facilitate various chemical reactions in the processing of thin films, including the
deposition of films, etching and cleaning of films and surface modifications.
Light & Motion products include:
• Laser Products consist of lasers including ultrafast lasers and amplifiers, fiber lasers, diode-pumped
solid-state lasers, high-energy pulsed lasers and tunable lasers.
• Photonics Products include optical components, lens assemblies and vibration isolation solutions. Our
Photonics Products also includes our instruments and motion products, such as high-precision motion
stages and controls, hexapods, photonics instruments for measurement and analysis, and production
equipment for test and measurement customers.
5
Advanced Manufacturing Systems:
Equipment & Solutions products include:
Our Equipment and Solutions products consist of laser-based systems for PCB manufacturing, including
flexible interconnect PCB processing systems and HDI solutions for rigid PCB manufacturing and substrate
processing, as well as passive component MLCC testing.
Customers
We sell our products to thousands of customers worldwide, in a wide range of end markets. Revenues from
our top ten customers accounted for approximately 33%, 41% and 43% of net revenues for the years 2019, 2018
and 2017, respectively. There were no individual customers that accounted for greater than 10% of our revenues
for 2019. Applied Materials, Inc. accounted for 12% and 13% and Lam Research Corporation accounted for 11%
and 12% of our net revenues for the years ended 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Sales, Marketing, Service and Support
Our worldwide sales, marketing, service and support organizations are critical to our strategy of maintaining
close relationships with semiconductor capital equipment, device manufacturers and manufacturers of advanced
applications. We market and sell our products and services through our global direct sales organization, an
international network of independent distributors and sales representatives, our websites and product catalogs. As
of December 31, 2019, we had approximately 560 sales employees worldwide. We maintain a marketing staff
that identifies customer requirements, assists in product planning and specifications, and focuses on future trends
in the markets we serve.
As semiconductor device manufacturers have become increasingly sensitive to the significant costs of
system downtime, they have required that suppliers offer comprehensive local repair, field service and customer
support. Manufacturers require close support to enable them to repair, modify, upgrade and retrofit their
equipment to improve yields and adapt new materials or processes. To meet these market requirements, we
provide technical support offices located near our customers’ facilities. We provide repair and calibration
services at internal service depots and authorized service providers located worldwide. We typically provide
warranties for periods ranging from one to three years, depending upon the type of product, with the majority of
our products ranging from one to two years. We typically provide warranty on our repair services for periods
ranging from 90 days to up to one year, depending upon the type of repair.
Research and Development
Our products incorporate sophisticated technologies to measure, monitor, deliver, analyze, power and
control complex semiconductor and advanced manufacturing processes, thereby enhancing uptime, yield and
throughput for our customers. Our products have continuously advanced as we strive to meet our customers’
evolving needs. We have developed, and continue to develop, new products to address industry trends, such as
the shrinking of integrated circuit critical dimensions and technology inflections, and, in the flat panel display
and solar markets,
the transition to larger substrate sizes, which require more advanced process control
technology. In addition, we have developed, and continue to develop, products that support the migration to new
classes of materials, ultra-thin layers, and 3D structures that are used in small geometry manufacturing. We
involve our marketing, engineering, manufacturing and sales personnel in the development of new products in
order to reduce the time to market for new products. Our employees also work closely with our customers’
development personnel, helping us to identify and define future technical needs on which to focus research and
development efforts. We support research at academic institutions targeted at advances in materials science and
semiconductor process development.
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As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately 760 research and development employees located in
facilities around the world. Our research and development expenses were $164.1 million, $135.7 million and
$132.6 million for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our research and development efforts include
numerous projects, none of which are individually material, and generally have a duration of 3 to 30 months,
depending upon whether the product is an enhancement of existing technology or a new product. Our current
initiatives include projects to enhance the performance characteristics of older products, to develop new products
and to integrate various technologies into subsystems.
Manufacturing
Our manufacturing facilities are located in Austria, China, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Romania,
Singapore, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States. Manufacturing activities include the
assembly and testing of components and subassemblies, which are integrated into our products. We outsource
some of our assembly work. We purchase a wide range of electronic, optical, mechanical and electrical
components, some of which are designed to our specifications. We consider our lean manufacturing techniques
and responsiveness to customers’ significantly fluctuating product demands to be a competitive advantage. As of
December 31, 2019, we had approximately 3,400 manufacturing-related employees.
Backlog
At December 31, 2019, our backlog of unfilled orders for all products and services was $500 million,
compared to $400 million at December 31, 2018. The increase in backlog of $100 million in 2019 compared to
2018 is attributed to our growth in the semiconductor market during the second half of 2019 and from our
Equipment & Solutions segment. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $480 million of our consolidated
backlog was scheduled to be shipped on or before December 31, 2020. In general, we schedule production of our
products based upon our customers’ delivery requirements. Our lead times are very short, as a large portion of
our orders are received and shipped within 90 days. While backlog is calculated on the basis of firm orders,
orders may be subject to cancellation or delay, in many cases, by the customer with limited or no penalty. Our
backlog at any particular date, therefore, is not necessarily indicative of actual sales which may be generated for
any succeeding period. Historically, our backlog levels have fluctuated based upon the ordering patterns of our
customers and changes in our manufacturing capacity.
Competition
The market for our products is cyclical and highly competitive. Principal competitive factors include:
• product quality, performance and price;
• historical customer relationships;
• breadth of product line;
• ease of use;
• manufacturing capabilities and responsiveness; and
• customer service and support.
Although we believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors, we can make no assurances
that we will continue to do so.
We encounter substantial competition in most of our product lines, although no single competitor competes
with us across all product lines. Certain of our competitors may have greater financial and other resources than
we do. In some cases, competitors are smaller than we are, but are well established in specific product niches.
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For example, Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. offers products that compete with our power delivery and
reactive gas generator products. Hitachi Ltd. and Horiba Ltd. products compete with our mass flow controllers.
Inficon, Inc. offers products that compete with our vacuum measurement and gas analysis products and our
vacuum gauging products. Brooks Instrument and VAT, Inc. offer products that compete with our vacuum
components. Sigma Koki Co., Ltd. offers products that compete with our optics and photonics products.
Coherent, Inc. offers products that compete with our lasers and photonics instruments. Qioptiq offers products
that compete with our laser and optics products. IPG Photonics, Inc. offers products that compete with our laser
products. Jenoptik AG offers products that compete with our laser, optics, and photonics products. PI miCos
GmbH offers products that compete with our photonics products. Thorlabs, Inc. offers products that compete
with our optics, lasers and photonics products. Trumpf Group, Lumentum Holdings Inc., Edgwave GmbH and
Amplitude Systemes SA offer products that compete with our laser products. Our laser systems primarily
compete with laser systems provided by Via Mechanics, Ltd., EO Technics Co., Ltd., LPKF Laser & Electronics
AG, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, and Han’s Laser Technology Industry Group Co., Ltd. Our component test
products primarily compete with Humo Laboratory Ltd., as well as component manufacturers that develop
systems for internal use.
Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and license agreements to
establish and protect our proprietary rights. As of December 31, 2019, we owned 724 U.S. patents and 1,501
foreign patents that expire at various dates through 2039. As of December 31, 2019, we had 107 pending U.S.
patent applications. Foreign counterparts of certain U.S. applications have been filed or may be filed at the
appropriate time.
We require each of our employees, including our executive officers, to enter into standard agreements
pursuant to which the employee agrees to keep confidential all of our proprietary information and to assign to us
all inventions while they are employed by us.
Employees
As of December 31, 2019, we employed approximately 5,500 persons. We believe our ongoing success
depends upon our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees. Outside of the United States,
there are certain countries where our employees are represented by works councils or trade unions, as is common
practice or required by law. We believe our employee relations are good.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following describes certain risks we face in our business. Additional risks that we do not yet know of or
that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our business. If any of the events or circumstances
described in the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results would
suffer, and the trading price of our common stock could decline. In assessing these risks, investors should also
refer to the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this report and our other filings with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
Our business depends significantly on capital spending in the semiconductor and consumer electronics industries,
which are characterized by periodic fluctuations that may cause a reduction in demand for our products.
Our business depends upon the capital expenditures of semiconductor device manufacturers, which in turn
depends upon the demand for semiconductors. Approximately 49%, 55% and 57% of our net revenues for the
years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were from sales to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and
semiconductor device manufacturers. We anticipate that sales to these customers will continue to account for a
substantial portion of our net revenues. Our industrial technologies market also experiences cyclical fluctuations,
resulting largely from the ebb and flow of demand for consumer electronics, particularly mobile phones. While
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this market is not as significant to us as the semiconductor market, the cyclicality of this market can also have a
significant impact on our business, financial condition and operating results, and we experience similar risks
associated with rapid changes in demand from this market.
The semiconductor and consumer electronics industries are characterized by rapid technological change,
frequent product introductions, changing customer requirements and evolving industry standards. Because our
customers face uncertainties regarding the growth and requirements of these industries, their products and
components may not achieve, or continue to achieve, anticipated levels of market acceptance or demand. If our
semiconductor market customers or the consumer electronics manufacturers that purchase from our industrial
technologies market customers are unable to deliver products that gain market acceptance, it is likely that these
customers will not purchase our products or will purchase smaller quantities of our products. We often invest
substantial resources in developing our products in advance of significant sales of these products to such
customers. Any failure of our customers’ products to gain market acceptance, or a failure of these markets to
sustain current sales levels or to grow would have a significant negative effect on our business, financial
condition and operating results.
The semiconductor and consumer electronics industries have also historically experienced cyclical
variations in product supply and demand. These sometimes sudden and severe cycles can result from many
factors, including overall consumer and industrial spending and demand for electronic products that drive
manufacturer production, as well as the manufacturer’s capacity utilization, timing of new product introductions
and demand for customers’ products, inventory levels relative to demand and access to affordable capital. The
timing, severity and duration of these market cycles are difficult to predict, and we may not be able to respond
effectively to these cycles. For example, our sales to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and
semiconductor device manufacturers sequentially increased by 4% in 2018 and 52% in 2017, but sequentially
decreased 19% in 2019 after a moderation in capital spending in the second half of 2018 and the first half of
2019. However, capital spending increased in the second half of 2019. While the timing of a full market recovery
remains uncertain, we are seeing improvement in market conditions.
During downturns in the semiconductor and consumer electronics industries, periods of overcapacity have
resulted in rapid and significantly reduced demand for our products, which may result in lower gross margins due
to reduced absorption of manufacturing overhead, as our ability to rapidly and effectively reduce our cost
structure in response to such downturns is limited by the fixed nature of many of our expenses in the near term.
Further, our ability to reduce our long-term expenses is constrained by our need to continue investment in next-
generation product technology and to support and service our products. In addition, due to the relatively long
manufacturing lead times for some of the products we sell to these industries, we may incur expenditures or
purchase raw materials or components for products we are unable to sell. As a result, downturns in these
industries may materially harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Conversely, when upturns
in these industries occur, we may have difficulty rapidly and effectively increasing our manufacturing capacity to
meet sudden increases in customer demand. If we fail to do so, we may lose business to our competitors and our
relationships with our customers may be harmed. In addition, many semiconductor and consumer electronics
manufacturers have operations and customers in Asia, a region that in past years has experienced serious
economic problems including currency devaluations, debt defaults, lack of liquidity and recessions.
The terms of our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility impose significant financial obligations and risks
upon us, limit our ability to take certain actions, and could discourage a change in control.
The total principal balance of our Term Loan Facility, as defined and as described further in Item 7 of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K, at December 31, 2019 was $892 million. Our ABL Facility, as defined and as
described further in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, provides us with a senior secured asset-based
revolving credit facility of up to $100 million, subject to a borrowing base limitation. The total principal balance
of our ABL Facility at December 31, 2019 was $0.
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A significant portion of amounts outstanding under the credit facilities bear interest at variable interest rates.
Although we hedge some exposure, if interest rates increase, variable rate debt will create higher debt service
requirements, which would adversely affect our cash flows. In addition, our credit ratings could affect the cost
and availability of future borrowings and, accordingly, our cost of capital. Our ratings of our indebtedness reflect
each nationally recognized statistical
financial strength, operating
performance and ability to meet our debt obligations. We cannot make any assurances that we will achieve a
particular rating or maintain a particular rating in the future. Moreover, we may be required to raise substantial
additional financing to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate
requirements. Our ability to obtain additional financing or refinancing will depend on, among other factors, our
financial position and performance, as well as prevailing market conditions and other factors beyond our control.
We cannot make any assurances that we will be able to obtain additional financing or refinancing on terms
acceptable to us or at all.
rating organization’s opinion of our
Each of our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility, each as amended, uses London Interbank Offered Rate
(“LIBOR”) as a reference rate, such that the interest due pursuant to such loans may be calculated using LIBOR
(subject to a stated minimum value). On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority,
which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. LIBOR may become
unavailable before that date. It is unclear if at that time LIBOR will cease to exist or if new methods of
calculating LIBOR will be established, such that it continues to exist after 2021. If the method for calculation of
LIBOR changes, if LIBOR is no longer available or if lenders have increased costs due to changes in LIBOR, we
may have to modify our credit facilities, or interest under each credit facility will be calculated using the base
rate (calculated by reference to the higher of the federal funds effective rate plus 50 basis points or the prime rate,
subject to a stated minimum value). The Alternative Reference Rates Committee selected the Secured Overnight
Financing Rate (“SOFR”), a new index calculated by reference to short-term repurchase agreements backed by
Treasury securities, as its preferred replacement for U.S. dollar LIBOR. We expect to reach agreement with our
lenders on an amendment to our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility to use SOFR in lieu of LIBOR, prior to
the phase-out of LIBOR. We do not expect a significant change to the effective interest rate on our borrowing as
a result of any replacement reference rate. Whether or not SOFR attains market acceptance as a LIBOR
replacement tool remains unknown. As such, the future of LIBOR and the potential alternatives to LIBOR at this
time is uncertain. In the event we are unable to reach agreement on a replacement reference rate, the term loans
outstanding under our Term Loan Facility and any revolving loans borrowed under our ABL Facility from time
to time using LIBOR as a reference rate will convert to the base rate, which could result in higher interest rates
on these term loans and any such revolving loans.
Our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility contain several negative covenants that, among other things and
subject to certain exceptions, restrict our ability and/or our subsidiaries’ ability to:
• incur additional indebtedness;
• pay certain dividends on our capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire certain capital stock or certain
other indebtedness;
• make certain investments, loans and acquisitions;
• engage in certain transactions with our affiliates;
• sell assets, including capital stock of our subsidiaries;
• materially alter the business we conduct;
• consolidate or merge;
• incur liens; and
• engage in sale-leaseback transactions.
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These restrictions on our ability to engage in or benefit from these actions limit our flexibility in planning
for, or reacting to, changes in and opportunities for our business, such as limiting our ability to engage in mergers
and acquisitions. This could place us at a competitive disadvantage. If the matters described in our other risk
factors result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results, we may be
unable to comply with the terms of our credit facilities or experience an event of default.
Our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility contain customary events of default, including:
• failure to make required payments;
• failure to comply with certain agreements or covenants;
• materially breaching any representation or warranty made or deemed made in connection with the
respective credit facility;
• failure to pay, or cause acceleration of, certain other indebtedness;
• certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency;
• failure to pay certain judgments; and
• a change in control of us.
The amount of cash available to us for repayment of amounts owed under these credit facilities will depend
on our usage of our existing cash balances and our operating performance and ability to generate cash flow from
operations in future periods, which will be subject to financial, business and other factors affecting our
operations, many of which are beyond our control. We cannot provide any assurances that we will generate
sufficient cash flow from operations to service our debt obligations. Any failure to repay these obligations as they
become due would result in an event of default under the credit facilities.
If an event of default occurs, the lenders may end their obligation to make loans to us under the credit
facilities and may declare any outstanding indebtedness under these credit facilities immediately due and
payable. In such case, we would need to obtain additional financing or significantly deplete our available cash, or
both, to repay this indebtedness. Any additional financing may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, and
significant depletion of our available cash would harm our ability to fund our operations or execute our broader
corporate objectives. If we were unable to repay outstanding indebtedness following an event of default, then in
addition to other available rights and remedies, the lenders could initiate foreclosure proceedings on substantially
all of our assets. Any such foreclosure proceedings or other rights and remedies successfully implemented by the
lenders in an event of default would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
operating results.
Further, because a change in control of us constitutes an event of default under these credit facilities, this
would likely be a deterrent to a potential acquirer, as any potential acquisition would trigger an event of default,
unless the lenders agreed to waive such event of default. We cannot guarantee that any such waiver would be
obtained.
The COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak could impact our international operations.
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, originated in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly
spread across China and into other parts of Asia, as well as to North America and Europe and other global
regions. As a result, many countries have suspended travel to and from China and imposed quarantines on
affected individuals. The commercial activities of our customers and suppliers in China and our manufacturing
facilities in Wuxi and Shenzhen, China, have been restricted due to government-mandated closures, and many
employees have been or remain in quarantine and have been delayed in returning to work at our facilities once
they have re-opened. This is a highly dynamic situation, and the extent to which the Coronavirus may impact our
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results is uncertain, and depends on the length and severity of this viral outbreak and the responsive
governmental actions. However, if the outbreak continues to spread and lasts for an extended period of time, it
would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are likely to continue to vary significantly, which may
result in volatility in the market price of our common stock.
A substantial portion of our shipments occurs shortly after an order is received, and therefore we generally
operate with a relatively low level of backlog. As a result, a decrease in demand for our products from one or
more customers could occur with limited advance notice and could have a significant adverse effect on our
operating results in any particular period. Further, we often recognize a significant portion of the revenue of
certain of our business lines in the last month of each fiscal quarter, due in part to the tendency of some
customers to wait until late in a quarter to commit to purchase these products as a result of capital expenditure
approvals and budgeting constraints occurring at the end of a quarter, or the hope of obtaining more favorable
pricing from a competitor seeking the business. Thus, variations in timing of sales can cause significant
fluctuations in our quarterly sales, gross margin and profitability. Orders expected to ship in one period could
shift to another period due to changes in the timing of our customers’ purchase decisions, rescheduled delivery
dates requested by our customers, manufacturing capacity constraints or logistics delays. Our orders are generally
subject to rescheduling without penalty or cancellation without penalty other than reimbursement for certain
labor and material costs. Our operating results for a particular quarter or year may be adversely affected if our
customers, particularly our largest customers, cancel or reschedule orders, or if we cannot fill orders in time due
to capacity constraints or unexpected delays in manufacturing, testing, shipping, delivery or product acceptance.
Also, we base our manufacturing plans on our forecasted product mix. If the actual product mix varies
significantly from our forecast, we may not be able to fill some orders, which would result in delays in the
shipment of our products and could shift sales to a subsequent period. All of these risks have a particularly high
impact on our Equipment & Solutions Division, which derives substantial revenue from a few significant
customers and the sale of a relatively small quantity of products. A significant percentage of our expenses are
fixed and based in part on expectations of future net revenues. Our inability to adjust spending quickly enough to
compensate for any shortfall would magnify the adverse impact of a shortfall in net revenues on our operating
results.
Customers of our high-value, more complex products often require substantial time to qualify our products
and make purchase decisions. In addition, some of our sales to defense and security customers are under major
defense programs that involve lengthy competitive bidding and qualification processes. These customers often
perform, or require us to perform, extensive configuration, testing and evaluation of our products before
committing to purchasing them, which can require a significant upfront investment in time and resources. The
sales cycle for these products from initial contact through shipment varies significantly, is difficult to predict and
can last more than a year. If we fail to anticipate the likelihood, costs, or timing associated with sales of these
products, or the cancellation or rescheduling of orders for these products, our business and operating results
would be harmed.
Our worldwide sales to customers in the research and defense markets rely to a large extent on government
funding for research and defense-related programs. Any decline in government funding as a result of reduced
budgets in connection with fiscal austerity measures, revised budget priorities or other causes would likely result
in reduced sales of our products that are purchased either directly or indirectly with government funding, which
would have an adverse impact on our operating results. Concerns regarding the global availability of credit may
also make it more difficult for our customers to raise capital, whether debt or equity, to finance their projects and
purchases of capital equipment, which would adversely affect sales of our products and therefore harm our
business and operating results.
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Factors that could cause fluctuations in our financial results include:
• a worldwide economic slowdown or disruption in the global financial markets;
• fluctuations in our customers’ capital spending, industry cyclicality (particularly in the semiconductor and
consumer electronics industries), market seasonality (particularly in the research and defense and
consumer electronics industries), levels of government funding available to our customers (particularly in
the life and health sciences and research and defense markets) and other economic conditions within the
markets we serve;
• the timing of the receipt of orders within a given period and the level of orders from major customers;
• demand for our products and the products sold by our customers;
• shipment and delivery delays;
• disruption in sources of supply;
• production capacity constraints;
• government regulatory and trade restrictions in the countries we manufacture and sell our products;
• specific features requested by customers;
• the timing and level of cancellations and delays of orders in backlog for our products;
• natural disasters or other events beyond our control (such as earthquakes, floods or storms, regional
economic downturns, pandemics, social unrest, political instability, terrorism, or acts of war);
• the timing of product shipments and revenue recognition within a given quarter;
• variations in the mix of products we sell;
• changes in our pricing practices or in the pricing practices of our competitors or suppliers;
• our timing in introducing new products;
• engineering and development investments relating to new product introductions, and significant changes
to our manufacturing and outsourcing operations;
• market acceptance of any new or enhanced versions of our products;
• timing of new product introductions by our competitors;
• timing and level of inventory obsolescence, scrap and warranty expenses;
• the availability, quality and cost of components and raw materials we use to manufacture our products;
• changes in our effective tax rates;
• changes in our capital structure, including cash, marketable securities and debt balances, and changes in
interest rates;
• changes in bad debt expense based on the collectability of our accounts receivable;
• timing, type, and size of acquisitions and divestitures, and related expenses and charges;
• fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
• our expense levels;
• impairment of goodwill and amortization of intangible assets; and
• fees, expenses and settlement costs or judgments against us relating to litigation or regulatory compliance.
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As a result of the factors discussed above, among others, it is likely that we may in the future experience
quarterly or annual fluctuations in our operating results, and that, in one or more future quarters, our operating
results may fall below the expectations of public market analysts or investors. In any such event, the price of our
common stock could fluctuate or decline significantly. Consequently, we believe that quarter-to-quarter and
year-to-year comparisons of our operating results, or any other similar period-to-period comparisons, may not be
reliable indicators of our future performance.
The loss of net revenues from any one of our major customers would likely have a material adverse effect on
us.
Our top ten customers accounted for approximately 33%, 41% and 43% of our net revenues for the years
2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our net revenues in
2019. One customer, Applied Materials, Inc., accounted for approximately 12% and 13% of our net revenues for
the years 2018 and 2017, respectively, and another customer, Lam Research Corporation, accounted for 11% and
12% of our net revenues for the years 2018 and 2017, respectively. In any one reporting period, a single customer
or several customers may contribute even a larger percentage of our consolidated net revenues. Further, our
recently-acquired Equipment & Solutions Division also depends on a few significant customers for a large
portion of its revenue in any given quarter. The loss of a major customer or any reduction in orders by these
customers, including reductions due to market or competitive conditions, would likely have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. None of our significant customers has entered
into an agreement with us requiring it to purchase any minimum quantity of our products.
Attempts to lessen the adverse effect of any loss or reduction of net revenues through the rapid addition of
new customers would be difficult because a relatively small number of companies dominate the semiconductor
and consumer electronics industries. Further, prospective customers typically require lengthy qualification
periods prior to placing volume orders with a new supplier. Our future success will continue to depend upon:
• our ability to maintain relationships with existing key customers;
• our ability to attract new customers and satisfy any required qualification periods;
• our ability to introduce new products in a timely manner for existing and new customers; and
• the successes of our OEM customers in creating demand for their capital equipment products that
incorporate our products.
• our ability to gain significant customers in new, emerging segments of our markets
We face significant risks from doing business internationally.
Our business is subject to risks inherent in conducting business globally. International revenues account for
a significant portion of total net revenues, with a substantial portion of such sales to customers in Asia (especially
China, South Korea, Japan, Israel, and Taiwan) and Europe (especially Germany). We expect that international
revenues will continue to account for a significant percentage of total net revenues for the foreseeable future, and
that in particular, the proportion of our sales to Asian customers will continue to increase. Additionally, we have
substantial
international manufacturing, sales and administrative operations, with significant facilities and
employee populations in Europe and Asia, and a substantial portion of our manufacturing in China, Israel,
Mexico and Singapore. Our international operations expose us to various risks, which include:
• adverse changes or instability in the political or economic conditions in countries or regions where we
manufacture or sell our products, for example, the uncertainty associated with the exit of the United
Kingdom from the European Union (“EU”);
• challenges of administering our diverse business and product lines globally;
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• the actions of government regulatory authorities, including embargoes, executive orders, import and
export restrictions, tariffs, currency controls, trade restrictions and trade barriers (including retaliatory
actions), license requirements, environmental and other regulatory requirements and other rules and
regulations applicable to the manufacture, import and export of our products, all of which are complicated
and potentially conflicting, often require significant
time and resources for
compliance, and may impose strict and severe penalties for noncompliance;
investments in cost,
• greater risk of violations of applicable U.S. and international anti-corruption and trade laws by our
employees, sales representatives, distributors or other agents;
• longer accounts receivable collection periods and longer payment cycles;
• overlapping, differing or more burdensome tax structures and laws;
• the potential that certain tax benefits may be revoked or reclaimed;
• adverse currency exchange rate fluctuations;
• reduced or inconsistent protection of intellectual property;
• shipping and other logistics complications;
• the imposition of restrictions on currency conversion or the transfer of funds;
• compliance costs and withholding taxes associated with the repatriation of our overseas earnings;
• increased risk of exposure to significant health concerns (such as the recent COVID-19 coronavirus,
Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Avian Influenza, the H7N9, Ebola or Zika viruses), which could
disrupt our sales, manufacturing and logistical activities, as well as the activities of our suppliers and our
customers;
• the expropriation of private enterprises;
• more complex and burdensome labor laws and practices in countries where we have employees;
• cultural and management style differences;
• preference for locally-produced products;
• changes in labor conditions and difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, including, but
not limited to, the formation of labor unions;
• difficulties in staffing and managing each of our individual international operations; and
• increased risk of exposure to civil unrest, terrorism and military activities.
If we experience any of the risks associated with international business, our business, financial condition
and operating results could be significantly harmed.
We have significant facilities and operations and a considerable number of employees in Israel. A number
of our products are manufactured in facilities located in Israel. The Middle East remains a volatile region, and the
future of peace efforts between Israel and neighboring countries remains extremely uncertain. Any armed
conflicts or significant political instability in the region is likely to negatively affect business conditions and
could significantly disrupt our operations in Israel, which would negatively impact our business. Further, many
of our employees in Israel are subject to being called for active military duty under emergency circumstances. If
a military conflict or war arises, these individuals could be required to serve in the military for extended periods
of time, and our operations in Israel could be disrupted by the absence of one or more key employees or a
significant number of other employees for a significant period of time. Any such disruption could adversely
affect our business.
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The United States government has taken actions against certain of our customers, particularly in Asia,
including indictments for various criminal charges, and in some cases, restrictions on doing business with these
customers. For example, we have had to suspend outstanding orders from one such customer, and have been
negatively impacted by the cancellation of orders from customers who are providers to such customer. These
actions by the United States government have caused us, and may in the future cause us, to lose the anticipated
revenue from these product sales, the amount of which could be significant. In addition, these or other customers
could elect to purchase products from unaffected non-U.S. competitors, even when trade restrictions are not in
place, jeopardizing our future long-term relationship with them. Further, compliance with regulatory restrictions
may cause us to breach contractual obligations, which could result in costs, penalties and litigation.
Additionally, potential customers in certain countries, particularly in Asia, have a strong preference for
technology and products developed by suppliers based in their home countries. The recent trade disputes between
the United States government and other governments in Asia and elsewhere have further reinforced and
broadened this preference, as these customers and some of our existing customers seek to avoid the uncertainty
related to these trade disputes. While we have attempted to mitigate this issue by establishing a significant local
presence in many of these countries, companies like us that are based outside of these countries remain at a
disadvantage.
If significant tariffs or other trade restrictions on our products or components that are imported from or exported to
China continue or are increased, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially harmed.
Trade tensions between the U.S. and China escalated throughout 2018 and 2019, with successive rounds of
U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods followed by retaliatory tariffs imposed by the Chinese government on certain
products made in the U.S. and shipped to China. These tariffs currently affect some of our products made in
China and some of the components that we or our suppliers source from China, and some of our products and
components we export to China. The U.S. and China tariffs have negatively impacted our business, financial
condition and operating results. We continue to explore our options to reduce the impact of these tariffs on our
business, including but not limited to, seeking alternative sources of supply, modifying other business practices,
raising our prices, and shifting production outside of China.
In May 2019, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) added Chinese-
based Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and 68 of its affiliates onto the BIS Entity List, thereby prohibiting the sale
of U.S. goods to Huawei, without a license from BIS. In August 2019, BIS added another 46 non-U.S. affiliates
of Huawei to the Entity List. Accordingly, we have had to suspend and may lose our outstanding orders from
Huawei, and we have been negatively impacted by the cancellation of orders from customers who are providers
to Huawei. In addition, China’s Ministry of Commerce announced in May 2019 that China will introduce an
“unreliable entity list” under which non-Chinese entities that cut-off suppliers to Chinese companies may be
subject to government action.
The geopolitical and economic uncertainty between the U.S. and China caused by the tariffs and trade bans
have caused, and may continue to cause, decreased demand for our products, directly and indirectly, which could
materially harm our business, financial condition and operating results. This trade uncertainty has caused, and
may continue to cause, customers to delay or cancel orders as they limit expenditures that could be affected by
future actions and evaluate ways to mitigate their own tariff and cost exposure by sourcing from locally-based
suppliers or suppliers based in other countries. Such delays and cancellations could have a material impact on our
business, financial condition and operating results.
It is possible that additional restrictions on trade will be imposed, and that existing tariffs will be increased
on imports of our products or the components used in our products, or that our business will be impacted by
additional retaliatory tariffs or restrictions imposed and/or increased by China or other countries in response to
existing or future tariffs, causing us to potentially lose additional sales and customers, incur increased costs and
lower margins, seek alternative suppliers, raise prices or make changes to our operations, any of which could
materially harm our business, financial condition and operating results.
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As part of our business strategy, we have entered into and may enter into or seek to enter into business
combinations and acquisitions that may be difficult to identify and complete, challenging and costly to
integrate, disruptive to our business and our management, and/or dilutive to stockholder value.
Since our inception, we have acquired other companies and businesses, and as a part of our business
strategy, we may enter into additional business combinations and acquisitions. The acquisitions of Newport in
April 2016 and ESI in February 2019 significantly increased our size, including with respect to net revenues,
product offerings, number of employees and facilities. Our ability to successfully identify suitable acquisition
targets, complete acquisitions on acceptable terms, and efficiently and effectively integrate our acquired
businesses into our organization is critical to our growth. We may not be able to identify target companies that
meet our strategic objectives or successfully negotiate and complete acquisitions with companies we have
identified on acceptable terms. Further, we may incur significant expense in pursuing acquisitions that cannot be
completed, or are significantly delayed, due to regulatory or other restrictions. Additionally, our credit facilities
only permit us to make acquisitions under certain circumstances, and also restrict our ability to incur additional
indebtedness in certain circumstances. Further, the process of integrating acquired companies into our operations
requires significant resources and is time consuming, expensive and disruptive to our business. We may not
realize the benefits we anticipate from these acquisitions because of the following significant challenges:
• the difficulty of integrating the operations, technology and personnel of the acquired companies;
• the potential disruption of our ongoing business and distraction of management;
• possible internal control weaknesses of the acquired companies;
• significant expenses related to the acquisitions, including any resulting shareholder litigation;
• the assumption of unknown or contingent liabilities associated with acquired businesses;
• the potential to incur or record significant cash or non-cash charges or write-down the carrying value of
intangible assets and goodwill obtained in the acquisition, which could adversely impact our cash flow or
lower our earnings in the period or periods for which we incur such charges or write-down such assets;
• potentially incompatible cultural differences between the two companies;
• incorporating the acquired company’s technology and products into our current and future product lines,
and successfully generating market demand for these expanded product lines;
• potential additional geographic dispersion of operations;
• the difficulty in achieving anticipated synergies and efficiencies;
• the difficulty in leveraging the acquired company and our combined technologies and capabilities across
our product lines and customer base;
• potential sales disruptions as a result of integrating the acquired company’s sales channels with our sales
channels; and
• our ability to retain key customers, suppliers and employees of an acquired company.
We may also be placed at a competitive disadvantage by selling products in markets and geographies that
are new to us. In addition, if we are not successful in completing acquisitions that we may pursue in the future,
we may be required to re-evaluate our growth strategy. We may incur substantial expenses and devote significant
management time and resources in seeking to complete proposed acquisitions that may not generate the expected
financial results that we planned to achieve.
In particular, we continue to experience some significant risks associated with our ESI acquisition, including
our ability to retain key personnel and to realize the anticipated growth in net revenues from the acquired business,
as well as the potential to incur or record significant cash or non-cash charges or write-down the carrying value of
intangible assets and goodwill obtained in the ESI acquisition, which could adversely impact our cash flow or lower
our earnings in the period or periods for which we incur such charges or write-down such assets.
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Further, some very significant customers of our laser and motion products compete with our Equipment &
Solutions Division. While our Equipment & Solutions Division is separate from our Light & Motion Division
that supplies these laser and motion products, and we have implemented internal measures intended to segregate
competitively sensitive information that we receive from these customers from our Equipment & Solutions
Division, these customers may nonetheless choose to source their laser and motion products from alternate
suppliers, which would result in a potentially significant loss of revenue for our laser and motion business.
In addition, with future acquisitions, we could use substantial portions of our available cash as all or a
portion of the purchase price. We could also issue additional securities as consideration for these acquisitions,
which could cause significant stockholder dilution, or obtain additional debt financing, which would increase our
costs and reduce our future cash flow, without achieving the desired accretion to our business. For example, in
2019, we used approximately $400 million of our available cash and obtained approximately $650 million of
additional debt financing in order to acquire ESI. Further, our prior acquisitions and any future acquisitions may
not ultimately help us achieve our strategic goals and may pose other risks to us.
As a result of our previous acquisitions, we have several different decentralized operating and accounting
systems. We will need to continue to modify our accounting policies, internal controls, procedures and compliance
programs to provide consistency across all of our operations. In order to increase efficiency and operating effectiveness
and improve corporate visibility into our decentralized operations, we continue to review opportunities to integrate
Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) systems where practical. Any future implementations may risk potential
disruption of our operations during the conversion periods and the implementations could require significantly more
management time and higher implementation costs than currently estimated.
Many of the markets and industries that we serve are highly competitive, are subject to rapid technological
change, and have narrow design windows, and if we fail to introduce new and innovative products or improve
our existing products, or if the adoption or applications we serve is not successful, our business, financial
condition and operating results will be harmed.
Many of our markets are characterized by rapid technological advances, evolving industry standards,
introductions and enhancements, and the periodic introduction of
shifting customer needs, new product
disruptive technology that displaces current
technology due to a combination of price, performance and
reliability. For example, our Equipment & Solutions Division is largely dependent upon the mobile phone market
(which we include within our industrial technologies market), which is subject to rapid technological changes. As
a result, many of the products in our markets can become outdated quickly and without warning. We depend, to a
significant extent, upon our ability to enhance our existing products, to anticipate and address the demands of the
marketplace for new and improved and disruptive technologies, either through internal development or by
acquisitions, and to be price competitive. If we or our competitors introduce new or enhanced products, it may
cause our customers to defer or cancel orders for our existing products. If we or our competitors introduce
disruptive technology that displaces current technology, existing product platforms or lines of business from
which we generate significant net revenues may be rendered obsolete. Further, if our customers or the industries
we serve shift to technologies that do not utilize our platform of products, our business, financial condition and
operating results would be harmed.
Many of our sophisticated and complex products are difficult to design and manufacture, and we may
experience delays in introducing new products or enhancements to our existing products. If we do not introduce
our new products or enhancements into the marketplace in a timely fashion, our customers may choose to
purchase our competitors’ products. Our success depends on our products being designed into new generations of
equipment. Certain of our markets, such as the semiconductor capital equipment market and the mobile phone
market, experience cyclicality and unevenness in capital spending, so if we fail to introduce new products in a
timely manner we may miss market upturns, or may fail to have our products or subsystems designed into our
customers’ products. New products designed by capital equipment manufacturers typically have a lifespan of five
to fifteen years. We must develop products that are technologically advanced in a timely manner so that they are
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positioned to be chosen for use in each successive generation of capital equipment. We may not be successful in
acquiring, developing, manufacturing or marketing new products and technologies on a timely or cost-effective
basis. If we fail to adequately introduce new, competitive products and technologies on a timely basis, our
business, financial condition and operating results will be harmed.
In addition, we must make a significant capital investment to develop products for our customers well
before our products are introduced and before we can be sure that we will recover our capital investment through
sales to the customers in significant volume. If our products fail to meet our customers’ technical or cost
requirements, they may be replaced by a competitive product or alternative technology solution, and we may be
unable to recover our development costs.
Further, our competitive success in our markets often depends upon factors outside of our control. For
example, in some cases, semiconductor device manufacturers may direct semiconductor capital equipment
manufacturers to use a specified supplier’s product in their equipment. Accordingly, for such products, our
success will depend in part on our ability to have semiconductor device manufacturers specify that our products
be used at their semiconductor fabrication facilities. In addition, we may encounter difficulties in changing
established relationships of competitors that already have a large installed base of products within such
semiconductor fabrication facilities.
We are constantly investing in products for emerging applications, and we expect to generate increasingly
significant net revenue levels from sales of products for these applications. These applications are evolving, and
the extent to which they achieve widespread adoption or significant growth is uncertain. Many factors may affect
the viability of widespread adoption or growth of these applications,
including their cost-effectiveness,
performance and reliability compared to alternatives. If these applications or our products for these applications
are not widely adopted or fail to grow as we project, we will not generate the growth in net revenues that we
anticipate from sales of our products for these emerging applications, and our operating results could be harmed.
Manufacturing interruptions or delays could affect our ability to meet customer demand and lead to higher
costs, while the failure to estimate customer demand accurately could result in excess or obsolete inventory.
Our business depends on the timely supply of products and services that meet the rapidly changing technical
and volume requirements of our customers, which depends in part on the timely delivery of parts, components
and subassemblies from suppliers,
industry conditions and the
volatility of demand for manufacturing equipment increase capital, technical, operational and other risks for us
and for companies throughout our supply chain. We may also experience significant interruptions of our
manufacturing operations, delays in our ability to deliver products or services, increased costs or customer order
cancellations as a result of:
including contract manufacturers. Cyclical
• volatility in the availability and cost of materials, including rare earth elements;
• information technology or infrastructure failures; and
• natural disasters or other events beyond our control (such as earthquakes at our facilities in California and
Portland, Oregon, floods or storms, regional economic downturns, pandemics such as the recent
COVID-19 virus, social unrest, political instability, terrorism, or acts of war), particularly where we or
our suppliers, subcontractors and contract manufacturers conduct manufacturing.
In addition, if we need to rapidly increase our business and manufacturing capacity to meet increases in
demand or expedited shipment schedules, this may exacerbate any interruptions in our manufacturing operations
and supply chain and the associated effect on our working capital. Moreover, if actual demand for our products is
different
than expected, we may purchase more/fewer parts than necessary or incur costs for canceling,
postponing or expediting delivery of parts. If we purchase inventory in anticipation of customer demand that
does not materialize, or if our customers reduce or delay orders, we may incur excess inventory charges. Any or
all of these factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
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Our dependence on sole and limited source suppliers and international suppliers could affect our ability to
manufacture products and systems.
We rely on sole and limited source suppliers and international suppliers for some of our components and
subassemblies that are critical to the manufacturing of our products due to unique component designs as well as
specialized quality and performance requirements needed to manufacture our products. This reliance involves
several risks, including the following:
• the potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components;
• quality and reliability problems with components, which in turn adversely affects our products’ quality
and reliability;
• prohibitively higher component prices due to the imposition of tariffs;
• supply chain disruptions resulting from the relocation of our low-cost and sole and single source suppliers
to less-developed countries, such as the movement of some suppliers from China to the Philippines or
Vietnam;
• reduced control over pricing and timing of delivery of components; and
• the potential inability of our suppliers to develop technologically advanced products to support our
growth and development of new products.
We believe we could obtain and qualify alternative sources for most sole and limited source and
international supplier parts; however, the transition time to alternative sources may be long. Seeking alternative
sources for these parts could also require us to redesign our products, resulting in increased costs and likely
shipping delays and the potential need to requalify products with our customers, particularly those who have
“copy exact” requirements . In such an event, any inability to redesign our products could result in further costs
and shipping delays. These increased costs would decrease our profit margins if we could not pass the costs to
our customers. Further, shipping delays could damage our relationships with current and potential customers and
have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
In addition, we obtain some of the critical capital equipment we use to manufacture certain of our products
from sole or limited sources due to the unique nature of the equipment. In some cases, this equipment can only be
serviced by the manufacturer or a very limited number of service providers due to the complex and specialized
nature of the equipment. If service and/or spare parts for this equipment become unavailable, this equipment
could be rendered inoperable, which could cause delays in the production of our products, and could require us to
procure alternate equipment, if available, which would likely involve long lead times and significant additional
cost, and could harm our operating results.
We offer products for multiple markets and must face the challenges of supporting the distinct needs of each
of the markets we serve.
We offer products for a number of very diverse markets. Because we operate in multiple markets, we must
work constantly to understand the needs, standards and technical requirements of many different applications
within these markets, and must devote significant resources to developing different products for these markets.
Product development is costly and time consuming. We must anticipate trends in our customers’ industries and
develop products before our customers’ products are commercialized. If we do not anticipate our customers’
needs and future activities, we may invest substantial resources in developing products that do not achieve broad
market acceptance. Our growth prospects rely in part on successful entry into new segments, which depends on
our displacing competitors who are more familiar with these markets and better known to customers. In many
cases, we are attempting to enter or expand our presence in these new segments with newly-introduced products
that are not yet proven in the industry. Our decision to continue to offer products to a given market or to
penetrate new markets is based in part on our judgment of the size, growth rate, profitability and other factors
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that contribute to the attractiveness of a particular market. If our product offerings in any particular market are
not competitive, our analyses of a market are incorrect or our sales and marketing approach for a market is
ineffective, we may not achieve anticipated growth rates in this market, and our business, financial condition and
operating results would be harmed.
Further, serving diverse markets requires an understanding of different sales cycles and customer types, and
the development and maintenance of a complex global sales team and sales channels to support the markets’
differing needs. It also requires dynamic operations that can support both complex, customized product builds as
well as quick turn-around for commercial off-the-shelf sales. If we fail to provide the sales and operational
support for our diverse markets, our business, financial condition and operating results would be harmed.
Key personnel may be difficult to attract and retain.
Our ability to maintain and grow our business is directly related to the service of our employees in each area
of our business. Our future performance will be directly tied to our ability to hire, train, motivate and retain
qualified personnel, including highly skilled technical, financial, managerial, and sales and marketing personnel.
Competition for personnel in the technology marketplace is intense, particularly in certain geographies where we
are located, including the Boston Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, Orange County, California, and China; we
cannot be certain that we will be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. In addition, many of our
product manufacturing processes and product service require deep technical expertise, and these positions can be
particularly challenging to fill. We have from time to time in the past experienced attrition in certain key
positions, and we expect to continue to experience this attrition in the future. A significant portion of our
employee population is in a demographic nearing or at retirement age, and we may have difficulty attracting a
sufficient number of younger employees with the necessary skills to replace employees who retire. If we are
unable to hire sufficient numbers of employees with the experience and skills we need or to retain and motivate
our existing employees, our business and operating results would be harmed.
A material amount of our assets represents goodwill and intangible assets, and our net income would be
reduced if our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired.
As of December 31, 2019, our goodwill and intangible assets, net, represented approximately $1,058.5 million,
or 31% of our total assets. Goodwill is generated in our acquisitions when the cost of an acquisition exceeds the fair
value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets we acquire. As a result of the ESI acquisition, we added
approximately $474 million of additional goodwill and intangible assets. Goodwill is subject to an impairment
analysis at least annually based on the fair value of the reporting unit. Intangible assets relate primarily to the
developed technologies, customer relationships and patents and trademarks acquired by us as part of our
acquisitions of other companies and are subject to an impairment analysis whenever events or changes in
circumstances exist that indicate that the carrying value of the intangible asset might not be recoverable. We will
continue to monitor and evaluate the carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets. If market and economic
conditions or business performance deteriorate, the likelihood that we would record an impairment charge would
increase, which impairment charge could materially and adversely affect our operating results.
We operate in highly competitive industries.
The markets for our products are intensely competitive, and we believe that competition from both new and
existing competitors will increase in the future. Principal competitive factors include:
• maintaining historical customer relationships and obtaining new customers;
• continued technological advancement;
• product quality, performance and price;
• breadth of product line;
21
• manufacturing capabilities; and
• customer service and support.
Although we believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors, we may not be able to continue
to do so. We encounter substantial competition in most of our product lines. Certain of our competitors may enjoy
greater name recognition and have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we have, and
some may have lower material costs than ours due to their control over sources of components and raw materials. In
some cases, competitors are smaller than we are, but well established in specific product niches. We may encounter
difficulties in changing established relationships of competitors with a large installed base of products. In addition,
our competitors can be expected to continue to improve the design and performance of their products. Competitors
may develop products that offer performance or technological features superior to those of our products. If our
competitors develop superior products, we may lose existing customers and market share. Further, technological
advances in our served markets may cause one or more of our portfolio of products to be displaced over time. We
also face competition in some of our markets from our existing and potential customers who have developed or may
develop products that are competitive to ours, or who engage subcontract manufacturers or system integrators to
manufacture competitive products on their behalf. Some of our largest customers have recently increased their
internal development efforts of sophisticated high-value products that compete with our products. If we are unable
to develop products that are significantly superior to these internally-developed products in performance, price or
both, our products would likely be replaced by these internally-developed products.
We have also experienced and continue to experience pricing pressure from both competitors and customers
in the sale of our products. New entrants to our markets have offered aggressive price and payment terms in an
attempt to gain market share. Some competitors, particularly in China, also develop low-cost competitive
products. Pricing pressures typically have become even more intense during cyclical downturns in our markets,
such as the semiconductor capital equipment market, when competitors seek to maintain or increase market
share, reduce inventory or introduce more technologically advanced or lower-cost products. In addition, we may
agree to pricing concessions or extended payment terms with our customers in connection with expanding into
new markets or gaining volume orders, or to improve our customer cost of ownership in highly competitive
applications. Our business, financial condition, gross margins or operating results may be materially and
adversely affected by competitive pressure and price-based competition.
Our failure to successfully manage our offshore manufacturing locations or the transition of certain of our
products to other manufacturing locations and/or to contract manufacturers would harm our business,
financial condition and operating results.
As part of our continuous cost-reduction efforts, we continue to relocate the manufacture of certain of our
existing product lines and subassemblies to, and initiate the manufacture of certain new products in, our facilities
in China, Israel, Singapore and Romania, as well as to our significant subcontracted operations in Mexico and
selected contract manufacturers in Asia. In the future, we may expand the level of manufacturing, administrative
and certain other operations that we perform offshore to take advantage of cost efficiencies available to us in
those countries. However, we may not achieve the significant cost savings or other benefits that we would
anticipate from moving manufacturing and other operations to these countries, and costs may increase in these
countries as development and manufacturing expertise increase and labor, material, shipping and facility-related
costs rise, as we have seen in our manufacturing locations in China. If these costs increase to the extent that we
no longer realize suitable gross margins from our products manufactured in these countries, we may need to
relocate the manufacture of these products to other lower-cost regions. Additionally, if we are unable to
successfully manage the relocation, initiation or oversight of the manufacture of these products, our business,
financial condition and operating results would be harmed.
In particular,
to our contract
manufacturers’ facilities often requires us to transplant complex manufacturing equipment and processes across a
large geographical distance and to train a completely new workforce concerning the use of this equipment and
lines to other manufacturing locations and/or
transferring product
22
these processes. In addition, certain of our customers may require the requalification of products supplied to them
in connection with the relocation of manufacturing operations. If we are unable to manage this transfer and
training smoothly and comprehensively, or if we are unable to complete the requalification of products in a
timely manner, we could suffer manufacturing and supply chain delays, excessive product defects, harm to our
operating results and our reputation with our customers, and loss of customers. Further, the utilization of
overseas manufacturing locations and contract manufacturers may require additional customs tariffs or may
require export licenses, which may be difficult or costly to obtain. We also may not realize the cost savings that
we currently anticipate from locating operations in Mexico, China, Israel, Romania and Singapore. For example,
we are experiencing rising material, labor, shipping and facility-related costs in China and new or increased
tariffs on our products manufactured in China.
Additionally, qualifying contract manufacturers and commencing volume production are expensive and time-
consuming activities, and there is no guarantee we will continue to do so successfully. Further, our reliance on contract
manufacturers reduces our control over the assembly process, quality assurance, production costs and material and
component supply for our products. If we fail to manage our relationship with our contract manufacturers, or if any of
the contract manufacturers experience financial difficulty, or delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control
problems in their operations, our ability to ship products to our customers could be impaired and our competitive
position and reputation could be harmed. Further, if we or our contract manufacturers are unable to negotiate with
suppliers for reduced component costs, our operating results could be harmed.
In addition, our contract manufacturers may terminate our agreements with them upon prior notice to us or
immediately for reasons such as if we become insolvent, or if we fail to perform a material obligation under the
agreements. If we are required to change contract manufacturers or assume internal manufacturing operations for
any reason, including the termination of one of our contract manufacturing contracts, we will likely suffer
manufacturing and shipping delays, lost sales, increased costs and damage to our customer relationships, any of
which would harm our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our products could contain defects, which would increase our costs and seriously harm our business,
operating results, financial condition and customer relationships.
Many of our products are inherently complex in design and, in some cases, require extensive customization and/
or ongoing regular maintenance. Further, the manufacture of these products often involves a highly complex and
precise process and the utilization of specially qualified components that conform to stringent specifications. Several of
our products require highly skilled labor. As a result of the technical complexity of these products, design defects,
skilled labor turnover, changes in our or our suppliers’ manufacturing processes or the inadvertent use of defective or
nonconforming materials by us or our suppliers could adversely affect our manufacturing yields and product reliability.
This could in turn harm our business, operating results, financial condition and customer relationships.
We provide warranties for our products, and we accrue allowances for estimated warranty costs at the time
we recognize revenue for the sale of the products. The determination of such allowances requires us to make
estimates of product return rates and expected costs to repair or replace the products under warranty. We
establish warranty reserves based on historical warranty costs for our products. If actual return rates or repair and
replacement costs differ significantly from our estimates, our operating results would be negatively impacted. In
particular, our Equipment & Solutions Division’s products are extremely complex, and have historically had
much higher warranty costs as a percentage of net revenues than our other products.
Our customers may discover defects in our products after the products have been fully deployed and
operated under peak stress conditions. In addition, some of our products are combined with products from other
suppliers, which may contain defects. Furthermore, some of our customers use our products in ways other than
their intended purpose. As a result, should problems occur, it may be difficult to identify the source of the
problem. If we are unable to identify and fix defects or other problems, we could experience, among other things:
• loss of customers;
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• increased costs of product returns and warranty expenses;
• increased costs required to analyze and mitigate the defects or problems;
• damage to our reputation;
• failure to attract new customers or achieve market acceptance;
• diversion of development and engineering resources; and/or
• legal action by our customers.
The occurrence of any one or more of the foregoing factors could seriously harm our business, financial
condition and operating results.
We are exposed to various risks related to legal proceedings, including product liability claims, intellectual
property infringement claims and contractual claims, which if successful, could have a material adverse effect
on our business, financial condition and operating results.
From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings or claims regarding product performance,
product liability, patent infringement, intellectual property rights, antitrust, environmental regulations, securities,
contracts, unfair competition, misappropriation of trade secrets, employment, workplace safety, and other
matters.
For example, some of our products, such as certain ultrafast lasers, are used in medical and scientific
research applications where malfunctions could result in serious injury. In addition, certain of our products may
be hazardous if not operated properly or if defective. We are exposed to significant risks for product liability
claims if death, personal injury or property damage results from the use of our products. We may experience
material product liability losses in the future. We currently maintain insurance for certain product liability claims.
However, our insurance coverage may not continue to be available on terms that we accept, if at all. This
insurance coverage also may not adequately cover liabilities that we incur. Further, if our products are defective,
we may be required to recall or redesign these products. A successful claim against us that exceeds our insurance
coverage level or that is not covered by insurance, or any product recall, could have a material adverse effect on
our business, financial condition and operating results.
In addition, we are currently involved in securities class action litigation in connection with the acquisitions
of Newport and previously were involved in a securities class action litigation in connection with the acquisition
of ESI. In each case, the plaintiffs have alleged, among other things, that the then-current directors of each such
acquired company breached their fiduciary duties to their respective shareholders by agreeing to sell such
company through an inadequate and unfair process, leading to inadequate and unfair consideration, by agreeing
to unfair deal protection devices, and by omitting material information from the proxy statement.
Regardless of the outcome, securities class action litigation such as this can be time-consuming, result in
significant expense to the Company and divert attention and resources of our management and other key
employees. Costs and expenses, or an unfavorable outcome in such cases, could exceed applicable insurance
coverage, if any. Any such unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, operating results and cash flows.
With respect to our intellectual property, we have from time to time received claims from third parties
alleging that we are infringing certain trademarks, patents or other intellectual property rights held by them. Such
infringement claims have in the past and may in the future result in litigation. Any such litigation could be
protracted and costly, and we could become subject to damages for infringement, or to an injunction preventing
us from selling one or more of our products or using one or more of our trademarks. Such claims could also
result in the necessity of obtaining a license relating to one or more of our products or current or future
24
technologies, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any intellectual property
litigation and the failure to obtain necessary licenses or other rights or develop substitute technology may divert
management’s attention from other matters and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and operating results. In addition, the terms of some of our customer contracts typically require us to
indemnify the customer in the event of any claim of infringement brought by a third party based on our products.
Any claims of this kind may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating
results.
Although our standard commercial documentation sets forth the terms and conditions that we intend to
apply to commercial transactions with our business partners, counterparties to such transactions may not
explicitly agree to our terms and conditions. In situations where we engage in business with a third party without
an explicit written agreement regarding the applicable terms and conditions, or where the commercial
documentation applicable to the transaction is subject to varying interpretations, we may have disputes with those
third parties regarding the applicable terms and conditions of our transaction with them. These disputes could
result in deterioration of our commercial relationship with those parties, costly and time-consuming litigation, or
additional concessions or obligations being offered by us to resolve these disputes, or could impact our net
revenue or cost recognition. Any of these outcomes could materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and operating results.
In addition, from time to time in the normal course of business we indemnify parties with whom we enter
into contractual relationships, including customers, suppliers and lessors, with respect to certain matters. We
have agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these parties harmless against specified losses, such as those
arising from a breach of representations or covenants, negligence or willful misconduct, other third-party claims
that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of these other third parties, or other claims made against
certain parties. We may be compelled to enter into or accrue for probable settlements of alleged indemnification
obligations, or we may be subject to potential liability arising from our customers’ involvements in legal
disputes. In addition, notwithstanding the provisions related to limitations on our liability that we seek to include
in our business agreements, the counterparties to such agreements may dispute our interpretation or application
of such provisions, and a court of law may not interpret or apply such provisions in our favor, any of which could
result in an obligation for us to pay significant additional damages and engage in costly legal proceedings. It is
difficult to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under any indemnification obligations, whether
or not asserted, due to the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in any particular claim.
Our business, financial condition and operating results in a reported fiscal period could be materially and
adversely affected if we expend significant amounts in defending or settling any asserted claims, regardless of
their merit or outcomes.
Legal proceedings and claims, whether with or without merit, and associated internal investigations, may be
time-consuming and expensive to prosecute, defend or conduct; divert management’s attention and other of our
resources; inhibit our ability to sell our products; result in adverse judgments for damages, injunctive relief,
penalties and fines; and negatively affect our business. We can make no assurances regarding the outcome of
current or future legal proceedings, claims or investigations.
We are subject to international trade compliance regulations, and violations of those regulations could result
in fines or trade restrictions, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We are subject to trade compliance laws in both the United States and other jurisdictions where we operate.
For example, exports of our products and technology developed or manufactured in the U.S. are subject to export
controls imposed by the U.S. Government and administered by the U.S. Departments of Commerce, State and
Treasury. Export regulations govern exports of our products and technology developed or manufactured in other
countries, including, for example, Austria, France, Germany, Israel, Romania and Singapore, and China. In
certain instances, these regulations may require obtaining licenses from the administering agency prior to
exporting products or technology to international locations or foreign nationals, including foreign nationals
25
employed by us in the United States and abroad. For products and technology subject to the U.S. Export
Administration Regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and
Security, the requirement for a license is dependent on the type and end use of the product and technology, the
final destination and the identity and nationality of the end user. Virtually all exports from the United States of
defense articles subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, administered by the Department of
State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, require a license. The Israeli Ministry of Economy and the
Defense Export Control Agency of the Israeli Ministry of Defense administer similar export regulations and
license requirements, which apply to many of our products and technology developed or manufactured in Israel.
In addition, the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Department for Export Controls administer similar
export regulations and license requirements, which apply to many of our products and technology developed or
manufactured in Romania. Obtaining export licenses can be difficult and time-consuming, and we may not be
successful in obtaining them. Failure to obtain export licenses to enable product and technology exports could
reduce our net revenues, harm our relationships with our customers and could adversely affect our business,
financial condition and operating results. Compliance with export regulations may also subject us to additional
fees and costs. The absence of comparable export restrictions on competitors in other countries may adversely
affect our competitive position. In addition, if we or our international representatives or distributors fail to
comply with any of these export regulations, we or they could be subject to civil and criminal, monetary and
non-monetary penalties, disruptions to our business, restrictions on our ability to export products and technology,
costly consent decrees and damage to our reputation, and our business and operating results could be
significantly harmed. While we have implemented policies and procedures to comply with these laws, we cannot
be certain that our employees, contractors, suppliers or agents will not violate such laws or our policies.
Unfavorable currency exchange rate fluctuations may lead to lower operating margins or may cause us to
raise or reduce prices, which could result in reduced sales.
A significant portion of our net revenues are from customers in international markets. For the years 2019,
2018 and 2017, international net revenues accounted for approximately 53%, 51% and 50% of our total net
revenues, respectively. Currency exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse effect on our net revenues and
operating results and we could experience losses with respect to our hedging activities. Unfavorable currency
fluctuations could require us to increase or decrease prices to foreign customers, which could result in lower net
revenues from such customers. Alternatively, if we do not adjust the prices for our products in response to
unfavorable currency fluctuations, our operating results would be adversely affected by declining net revenues or
profit margins for our products in international markets when the sales are translated into U.S. dollars. Such
exchange rate fluctuations could also increase the costs and expenses of our non-U.S. operations when translated
into U.S. dollars or require us to modify our current business practices. In addition, most sales made by our
foreign subsidiaries are denominated in the currency of the country in which these products are sold and the
currency they receive in payment for such sales could be less valuable at the time of receipt as a result of
exchange rate fluctuations. We enter into forward foreign exchange contracts to reduce a portion of our currency
exposure arising from intercompany sales of inventory as well as intercompany accounts receivable and
intercompany loans. However, we cannot be certain that our efforts will be adequate to protect us against
significant currency fluctuations or that such efforts will not expose us to additional exchange rate risks.
Changes in tax rates or tax regulation or the termination of tax incentives could affect our operating results.
As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the United States and various other countries. Significant
judgment is required to determine and estimate worldwide tax liabilities. Our future annual and quarterly effective
tax rates could be affected by numerous factors, including changes in the applicable tax laws; composition of
pre-tax income in countries with differing tax rates; and/or valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities.
The enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) in December 2017 significantly affected U.S. tax law
by changing how the U.S. imposes tax on multinational corporations. The U.S. Department of Treasury has broad
authority under the Act to issue regulations and interpretive guidance. No proposed or final regulations have been
issued for certain significant provisions of the Act, and other provisions may require corrective action by Congress.
26
In addition, some of the proposed and final regulations that have been issued have been challenged in court. We
have applied available guidance to estimate our tax obligations, but new guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury
Department may cause us to adjust our tax estimates in future periods. The ultimate impact of this Act is based upon
our understanding and interpretation of the regulatory guidance that has been issued regarding the Act.
In addition, we are subject to regular examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service and state,
local and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes
resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we
believe our tax estimates are reasonable, we can make no assurances that any final determination will not be
materially different from the treatment reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals, which could
materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
In certain foreign jurisdictions, we qualify for tax incentives and tax holidays based on our ability to meet,
on a continuing basis, various tests relating to our employment levels, research and development expenditures
and other qualification requirements in a particular foreign jurisdiction. While we intend to operate in such a
manner to maintain and maximize our tax incentives, we can make no assurances that we have so qualified or
that we will so qualify for any particular year or jurisdiction. If we fail to qualify or remain qualified for certain
foreign tax incentives and tax holidays, the tax incentives we previously received may be terminated and/or
retroactively revoked requiring repayment of past tax benefits, and we would be subject to an increase in our
effective tax rate which would adversely impact our financial results.
We are exposed to risks related to cybersecurity threats and incidents and subject to restrictions of and
changes in laws and regulations governing data privacy and data protection that could have a material
adverse effect on our business.
We rely on various information technology networks and systems, some of which are managed by third
parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information and to carry out and support a variety of business
activities, including human resources, manufacturing, research and development, supply chain management,
sales and accounting. This data includes confidential information, transactional information and intellectual
property belonging to us, our customers and our business partners, as well as personally-identifiable information
of individuals. We have experienced, and expect to continue to be subject to, cybersecurity threats and incidents
ranging from employee error or misuse to individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to information systems
to sophisticated and targeted measures known as advanced persistent threats, none of which have materially
affected our financial condition or operating results to date. While we devote significant resources to network
security, data encryption and other measures to protect our systems and information from unauthorized access or
misuse, a failure in or a breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our suppliers
and other business partners, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could disrupt our business; result in the
disclosure, misuse, corruption or loss of confidential information, including intellectual property and other
critical data of ours, our customers and other business partners; damage our reputation; cause data privacy issues;
decrease the value of our investment in research, development and engineering; cause losses; result in litigation
with third parties; and increase our cybersecurity protection and remediation costs.
transmission, storage and use of personally identifiable information,
We are also subject to numerous data privacy laws and regulations around the world that apply to the
processing, collection,
including the
California Consumer Privacy Act and the General Data Protection Regulation, which imposes robust EU data
protection requirements and provides for significant penalties for noncompliance. The EU regulations also
established a prohibition on the transfer of personal information from the EU to other countries whose laws do
not protect personal data to an adequate level of privacy or security. While we have utilized certain permitted
approaches for transferring personal information from the EU to the United States, these approaches may be
reviewed and invalidated by the EU courts or regulatory bodies and we may be required to ascertain an
alternative legal basis for such transfers. In addition, certain countries and states have and will continue to
modify or adopt more stringent data protection standards.
27
While we continue to assess and address the implications of existing and new domestic and foreign regulations
relating to data privacy, the evolving regulatory landscape presents a number of legal and operational challenges,
and our efforts to comply with these regulations may be unsuccessful. We may also face audits or investigations by
one or more government agencies relating to our compliance with these regulations that could result in the
imposition of penalties or fines, significant expenses in facilitating and responding to the investigations, and overall
reputational harm or negative publicity. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, these laws,
regulations and policies that are applicable to us including, restrictions on marketing activities, could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We outsource a number of services to third-party service providers, which decreases our control over the
performance of these functions. Disruptions or delays at our third-party service providers could adversely
impact our operations.
We outsource a number of services, including our information technology systems management and certain
accounting functions, to domestic and overseas third-party service providers. While outsourcing arrangements
may lower our cost of operations, they also reduce our direct control over the services rendered. This diminished
control may have an adverse effect on the quality or quantity of products delivered or services rendered, on our
ability to quickly respond to changing market conditions, or on our ability to ensure compliance with all
applicable domestic and foreign laws and regulations. In addition, many of these outsourced service providers,
including certain hosted software applications that we use for confidential data storage, employ cloud computing
technology for such storage. These providers’ of cloud computing systems may be susceptible to “cyber
incidents,” such as intentional cyber-attacks aimed at theft of sensitive data or inadvertent cyber-security
compromises, which are outside of our control. If we do not effectively develop and manage our outsourcing
strategies, if required export and other governmental approvals are not timely obtained, if our third-party service
providers do not perform as anticipated, or do not adequately protect our data from cyber-related security
breaches, or if there are delays or difficulties in enhancing business processes, we may experience operational
difficulties (such as limitations on our ability to pay suppliers in a timely manner),
increased costs,
manufacturing or service interruptions or delays, loss of intellectual property rights or other sensitive data,
quality and compliance issues, and challenges in managing our product inventory or recording and reporting
financial and management information, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business,
financial condition and operating results.
Our proprietary technology is important to the continued success of our business. Our failure to protect this
proprietary technology may significantly impair our competitive position.
Our success and ability to compete depend in large part upon protecting our proprietary technology. We rely
on a combination of patent, trademark and trade secret protection and other agreements, such as nondisclosure
agreements, to protect our proprietary rights. The steps we have taken may not be sufficient to prevent the
misappropriation of our intellectual property, particularly in countries outside the United States, where the laws
may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. For example, the patent prosecution and
enforcement systems within China, where we have a significant customer base and manufacturing presence, and
where we have recently transferred several important laser product lines, are less robust than these systems in
other international jurisdictions and as a result, we may be limited in our ability to enforce our intellectual
property rights there. We would also likely be at a disadvantage in any enforcement proceeding in China as a
foreign entity seeking protection against a Chinese company. Patent and trademark laws and trade secret
protection may not be adequate to deter third party infringement or misappropriation of our patents, trademarks,
trade secrets and similar proprietary rights. In addition, patents issued to us may be challenged, invalidated or
circumvented. Our rights granted under those patents may not provide competitive advantages to us, and the
claims under our patent applications may not be allowed. The loss or expiration of any of our key patents could
lead to a significant loss of sales of certain of our products and could materially affect our future operating
results. We have in the past and may in the future be subject to or may initiate interference proceedings in the
United States Patent and Trademark Office, or similar international agencies, which can demand significant
28
financial and management resources. The process of seeking patent protection can be time consuming and
expensive and patents may not be issued from currently pending or future applications. Moreover, our existing
patents or any new patents that may be issued may not be sufficient in scope or strength to provide meaningful
protection or any commercial advantage to us. We may initiate claims or litigation against third parties for
infringement of our proprietary rights in order to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or the
proprietary rights of our competitors, which claims could result in costly litigation, the diversion of our technical
and management personnel and the assertion of counterclaims by the defendants, including counterclaims
asserting invalidity of our patents. We will take such actions where we believe that they are of sufficient strategic
or economic importance to us to justify the cost.
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate for reasons over which
we have no control.
The stock market has from time to time experienced, and is likely to continue to experience, extreme price
and volume fluctuations. Prices of securities of technology companies have been especially volatile and have
often fluctuated for reasons that are unrelated to the operating performance of the companies. Historically, the
market price of shares of our common stock has fluctuated greatly and could continue to fluctuate due to a
variety of factors. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have
been the objects of securities class action litigation. If we become the subject of such securities class action
litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
We may not pay dividends on our common stock.
Holders of our common stock are only entitled to receive dividends when and if they are declared by our
Board of Directors. Our credit facilities restrict our ability to pay dividends on our capital stock under certain
circumstances. Although we have declared cash dividends on our common stock since 2011, and occasionally
increased the dividends from prior quarters, we are not required to do so, and we may reduce or eliminate our
cash dividend in the future. This could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We are subject to environmental regulations. If we fail to comply with these regulations, our business could be
harmed.
Our operations are subject to various federal, state, local and international regulations relating to the protection
of the environment, including those governing discharges of pollutants into the air and water, the management and
disposal of hazardous substances and waste and the cleanup of contaminated sites. In the United States, we are
subject to the federal regulation and control of the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), and we are subject to
comparable authorities in other countries. Some of our operations require environmental permits and controls to
prevent and reduce air and water pollution, and these permits are subject to modification, renewal and revocation by
issuing authorities. Future developments, administrative actions or liabilities relating to environmental matters could
have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
Although we believe that our safety procedures for using, handling, storing and disposing of such materials
comply with the standards required by applicable state, federal and international laws and regulations, we cannot
completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. We have been, and may
in the future be, subject to claims by employees or third parties alleging such contamination or injury, and could
be liable for damages, which liability could exceed the amount of our liability insurance coverage (if any) and the
resources of our business.
Certain portions of the soil at the former facility of our Spectra-Physics lasers business, located in Mountain
View, California, and certain portions of the aquifer surrounding the facility, through which contaminated
groundwater flows, are part of an EPA-designated Superfund site and are subject to a cleanup and abatement
order from the California Regional Water Quality Control Board. Spectra-Physics, which we acquired as part of
29
the Newport acquisition in April 2016 and which had been acquired by Newport in 2004, along with other
entities with facilities located near the Mountain View, California facility, were identified as responsible parties
with respect to this Superfund site, due to releases of hazardous substances during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.
Spectra-Physics and the other responsible parties entered into cost-sharing agreements covering the costs of
remediating the off-site groundwater impact. The site is mature, and investigations, monitoring and remediation
efforts by the responsible parties have been ongoing for approximately 30 years.
We have certain ongoing costs related to investigation, monitoring and remediation of the site that have not
been material to us as a whole in the recent past. However, while we benefitted from the indemnification of
certain costs by a third party in the past, that indemnification is now in a transition period, and we will become
subject to a greater portion of future costs of remediation going forward. Our ultimate costs of remediation and
other potential liabilities are difficult to predict. In the event that the EPA and the California Regional Water
Quality Control Board determine that the site cleanup requires additional measures to ensure that it meets current
standards for environmental contamination, or if they enhance any of the applicable required standards, we will
likely become subject to additional remediation obligations in the future. In addition to our investigation,
monitoring and remediation obligations, we may be liable for property damage or personal injury claims relating
to this site. While we are not aware of any material claims at this time, such claims could be made against us in
the future. If significant costs or other liability relating to this site arise in the future, our business, financial
condition and operating results would be adversely affected.
The environmental regulations that we are subject to include a variety of federal, state, local and international
environmental regulations that restrict the use and disposal of materials used in the manufacture of our products or
require design changes or recycling of our products. If we fail to comply with any present or future regulations, we
could be subject to future liabilities, the suspension of manufacturing or a prohibition on the sale of products we
manufacture. In addition, such regulations could restrict our ability to equip our facilities or could require us to
acquire costly equipment, or to incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations,
including expenses associated with the recall of any non-compliant product and the management of historical waste.
For example, the EU has enacted the Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical
and Electronic Equipment Directive, which regulates the use of certain hazardous substances in certain products,
and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive, which requires the collection, reuse and recycling
of waste from certain products. Compliance with such laws requires significant resources. These regulations may
require us to redesign our products or source alternative components to ensure compliance with applicable
requirements, for example by mandating the use of different types of materials in certain components. Any such
redesign or alternative sourcing may increase the cost of our products, adversely impact the performance of our
products, add greater testing lead-times for product introductions, or in some cases limit the markets for certain
products. Further, such environmental laws are frequently amended, which increases the cost and complexity of
compliance. For example, such amendments have in the past, and may in the future, result in certain of our
products falling in the scope of the directive, even if they were initially exempt. In addition, certain of our
customers, particularly original equipment manufacturer customers whose end products may be subject to these
directives, may require that the products we supply to them comply with these directives, even if not mandated
by law. Because certain directives, for example, those issued from the EU are implemented in individual member
states, compliance is particularly challenging. Our failure to comply with any of such regulatory requirements or
contractual obligations could result in our being directly or indirectly liable for costs, fines or penalties and third-
party claims, and could jeopardize our ability to conduct business in certain countries.
Some provisions of our restated articles of organization, as amended, our amended and restated by-laws and
Massachusetts law could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in
control.
Anti-takeover provisions could diminish the opportunities for stockholders to participate in tender offers,
including tender offers at a price above the then current market price of our common stock. Such provisions may
also inhibit increases in the market price of our common stock that could result from takeover attempts. For
30
example, while we have no present plans to issue any preferred stock, our Board of Directors, without further
stockholder approval, may issue preferred stock that could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a
change in control of us. The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of
our common stock, including the loss of voting control to others. In addition, our amended and restated by-laws
provide for a classified Board of Directors consisting of three classes. Our classified board could also have the
effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of our Company.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
31
Item 2.
Properties
The following table provides information concerning MKS’ principal and certain other owned and leased
facilities as of December 31, 2019:
Country
City
Sq. Ft.
Activity
Reportable
Segment
Lease
Expires
CHINA . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FRANCE . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shenzhen
(1)
302,000 Manufacturing
183,000 Manufacturing, Research and
Vacuum & Analysis August 31, 2025
Light & Motion
Owned
ISRAEL . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jerusalem
118,000 Manufacturing, Sales, Research and
Light & Motion
MEXICO . . . . . . . . . . . . Nogales
Development
174,700 Manufacturing, Service
UNITED STATES . . . . Andover, MA
158,000 Corporate Headquarters,
Vacuum & Analysis
and Light & Motion
Vacuum & Analysis
(2)
(3)
(4)
Development
Manufacturing, Research and
Development
Irvine, CA
254,900 Manufacturing, Research and
Light & Motion
(5)
Rochester, NY
Development
156,000 Manufacturing, Sales, Customer
Support, Service, Research and
Development
Vacuum & Analysis Owned
Santa Clara, CA
139,500 Manufacturing, Customer Support,
Light & Motion
March 31, 2021
Wilmington, MA 118,000 Manufacturing, Customer Support,
Vacuum & Analysis Owned
Research and Development
Portland, OR
197,017 Manufacturing, Office, and Warehouse
Service, Research and Development
Equipment &
Solutions
(6)
(1) MKS owns two facilities, one in Beaune-la-Rolande with 57,000 square feet and one in Brigueil with 126,000 square feet.
(2) MKS owns one facility with 70,000 square feet and leases two other facilities with 38,000 square feet and 10,000 square feet, both with a
lease expiration date of December 31, 2020.
(3) MKS Vacuum & Analysis leases a facility with 124,200 square feet with a lease expiration date of September 1, 2023 and also leases
another facility for Light & Motion with 50,500 square feet with a lease expiration date of July 31, 2028.
(4) MKS owns one facility with 82,000 square feet and leases another facility with 76,000 square feet with a lease expiration date of
November 30, 2026.
(5) MKS leases a facility with 212,300 square feet with a lease expiration date of February 28, 2022, of which 20,000 square feet is vacant.
MKS leases another facility with 42,600 square feet with a lease expiration date of February 28, 2022, which is currently vacant.
(6) MKS sold three separate buildings, in 2019, as part of sale and leaseback transactions and will lease back the buildings over varying
terms into 2021. One building lease has an expiration of May 31, 2020 and the other two building leases have an expiration of May 31,
2021.
In addition to the significant facilities listed above, MKS also provides manufacturing, worldwide sales,
customer support and services from various other leased and owned facilities throughout the world not listed in
the table above. See “Business—Sales, Marketing, Service and Support.” We believe that our current facilities
are suitable and adequate to meet our needs.
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
Newport Litigation
In 2016, two putative class actions lawsuit captioned Dixon Chung v. Newport Corp., et al., Case No.
A-16-733154-C, and Hubert C. Pincon v. Newport Corp., et al., Case No. A-16-734039-B, were filed in the
District Court, Clark County, Nevada on behalf of a putative class of stockholders of Newport Corporation
(“Newport”) for claims related to the merger agreement (“Newport Merger Agreement”) between the Company,
Newport, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). The lawsuits named as defendants the
32
Company, Newport, Merger Sub, and certain then current and former members of Newport’s board of directors.
Both complaints alleged that Newport directors breached their fiduciary duties to Newport’s stockholders by
agreeing to sell Newport
through an inadequate and unfair process, which led to inadequate and unfair
consideration, by agreeing to unfair deal protection devices and by omitting material information from the proxy
statement. The complaints also alleged that the Company, Newport and Merger Sub aided and abetted the
directors’ alleged breaches of their fiduciary duties. The Court consolidated the actions, and plaintiffs later filed
an amended complaint captioned In re Newport Corporation Shareholder Litigation, Case No. A-16-733154-B, in
the District Court, Clark County, Nevada, on behalf of a putative class of Newport’s stockholders for claims
related to the Newport Merger Agreement. The amended complaint alleged that members of Newport’s board of
directors breached their fiduciary duties to Newport’s stockholders and that the Company, Newport and Merger
Sub had aided and abetted these breaches and sought monetary damages, including pre- and post-judgment
interest. In June 2017, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the amended complaint
against all defendants but granted plaintiffs leave to amend.
On July 27, 2017, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint containing substantially similar allegations
but naming only Newport’s former directors as defendants. On August 8, 2017, the Court dismissed the
from the action. The second amended complaint seeks monetary damages,
Company and Newport
including pre- and post-judgment interest. The Court granted a motion for class certification on September 27,
2018, appointing Mr. Pincon and Locals 302 and 612 of the International Union of Operating Engineers—
Employers Construction Industry Retirement Trust as class representatives. On June 11, 2018, plaintiff Dixon
Chung was voluntarily dismissed from the litigation. On August 9, 2019, plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file
a third amended complaint, which was denied on October 10, 2019. On August 23, 2019, defendants filed a
motion for summary judgment. On January 23, 2020, the court entered its findings of fact, conclusions of law,
and order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment. On February 18, 2020, plaintiffs filed a notice of
appeal from the court’s order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment, as well as from the court’s
prior orders granting defendants’ motion for a bench trial and denying plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file an
amended complaint.
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, which have arisen in the ordinary course
of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material
adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
33
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities
Common Stock
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol MKSI.
On February 19, 2020, we had 83 stockholders of record.
Dividend Policy and Cash Dividends
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when and if they are declared by our Board
of Directors. During 2019, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per share during each
quarter of 2019, which totaled $43.5 million or $0.80 per share. During 2018, our Board of Directors declared a
cash dividend of $0.18 per share during the first quarter of 2018 and $0.20 per share for the second, third and
fourth quarters of 2018, which totaled $42.4 million or $0.78 per share.
On February 10, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share to be
paid on March 6, 2020 to shareholders of record as of February 24, 2020.
Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject
to the final determination of our Board of Directors. The Board of Directors intends to declare and pay cash
dividends on our common stock based on our financial conditions and results of operations of the Company,
although it has no obligation to do so. Our credit facilities contain covenants that restrict our ability to grant cash
dividends in certain circumstances.
Share Repurchase Program
On July 25, 2011, our Board of Directors approved, and on July 27, 2011, we publicly announced, a share
repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $200 million of our outstanding common stock
from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or through other appropriate
means. The timing and quantity of any shares repurchased depends upon a variety of factors, including business
conditions, stock market conditions and business development activities, including, but not limited to, merger
and acquisition opportunities. These repurchases may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time
without prior notice.
During 2019, the Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock. During 2018, the Company
repurchased approximately 818,000 shares of its common stock for $75.0 million, or an average price of $91.67
per share. We have repurchased approximately 2,588,000 shares of common stock for approximately
$127.0 million pursuant to the program since its adoption.
34
Comparative Stock Performance
The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return (assuming reinvestment of dividends)
from investing $100 on December 31, 2014, and plotted at the last trading day of each of the fiscal years ended
December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 in each of MKS’ common stock; a peer group index which
represents a combination of all companies comprising the Morningstar Semiconductor Equipment & Materials
Industry Group Index and Morningstar Scientific & Technical Instruments Industry Group Index, published by
Zacks Investment Research, Inc., with these indices weighted equally; and the Nasdaq Market Index. The stock
price performance on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Our common
stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol MKSI.
Performance Graph
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Semiconductor Equipment & Materials/Scientific & Technical Instruments*
NASDAQ Market Index
$350
$300
$250
$200
$150
$100
$50
$0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Nasdaq Market Index
Morningstar Semiconductor Equipment &
Materials/Scientific & Technical
Instruments*
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
$100.00
$100.24
$168.06
$269.74
$185.96
$319.70
$100.00
$106.96
$116.45
$150.96
$146.67
$200.49
$100.00
$ 87.08
$111.78
$167.05
$140.53
$233.18
*
Semiconductor Equipment & Materials and Scientific & Technical Instruments indices weighted equally.
35
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Selected Consolidated Financial Data
Statement of Operations Data(1)
Net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross profit(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income from operations(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic net income per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted net income per share . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash dividends paid per common share . . . .
Balance Sheet Data(1)
Cash and cash equivalents, including
2019
2016
2017
2018
(in thousands, except per share data)
2015
$1,899,773
$ 830,431
$ 219,851
$ 140,386
2.57
$
2.55
$
0.80
$
$2,075,108
$ 979,476
$ 494,059
$ 392,896
7.22
$
7.14
$
0.78
$
$1,915,977
$ 891,451
$ 406,634
$ 339,132
6.26
$
6.16
$
0.71
$
$1,295,342
$ 565,619
$ 157,267
$ 104,809
1.96
$
1.94
$
0.68
$
$ 813,524
$ 362,872
$ 156,612
$ 122,297
2.30
$
2.28
$
0.68
$
restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Working capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term debt(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Long-term debt, net(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 414,572
$ 109,417
$1,115,866
$3,416,320
12,099
$
$ 871,667
$ 203,628
$2,023,344
$ 644,345
$
73,826
$1,200,819
$2,614,246
3,986
$
$ 343,842
$ 133,932
$1,873,187
$ 333,887
$ 209,434
$ 946,431
$2,414,018
2,972
$
$ 389,993
$ 145,296
$1,588,907
$ 233,910
$ 189,463
$ 761,469
$2,212,242
10,993
$
$ 601,229
$ 131,921
$1,241,792
$ 227,574
$ 430,663
$ 848,527
$1,273,347
—
$
$
—
$
21,482
$1,160,881
(1) The Statement of Operations Data and the Balance Sheet Data for 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016 include
statement of operations data and assets and liabilities acquired as a result of the acquisition of Newport
Corporation (“Newport”) in April 2016 (the “Newport Merger”). In addition, the Statement of Operations
Data and the Balance Sheet Data for 2019 include statement of operations data and assets and liabilities
acquired as a result of the acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (“ESI”) in February 2019 (the
“ESI Merger”).
(2) Gross profit for 2019 includes a $7.6 million charge for the amortization of inventory step-up to fair value
related to the ESI Merger. Gross profit for 2016 includes a $15.1 million charge for the amortization of the
inventory step-up to fair value related to the Newport Merger.
(3)
Income from operations for 2019 includes $7.6 million of amortization of inventory step-up to fair value,
$37.3 million of acquisition and integration costs primarily related to our acquisition of ESI, $6.6 million of
fees and expenses related to our Term Loan Facility, as defined and described further in Item 7 of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K, $7.0 million of restructuring and other costs and $4.7 million of asset
impairment charges. These charges are offset by a $6.8 million gain on sale of a long-lived asset. Income
from operations for 2018 includes $3.6 million of restructuring charges and $3.1 million of acquisition and
integration costs, which is primarily comprised of acquisition costs related to the ESI Merger. Income from
operations for 2017 includes $6.7 million of an asset impairment charge, primarily related to the write-off of
goodwill and intangible assets in conjunction with the consolidation of two manufacturing plants,
$5.3 million of acquisition and integration costs from the Newport Merger and $3.9 million of restructuring
charges. Income from operations for 2016 includes a $15.1 million charge for the amortization of the
inventory step-up to fair value, $27.3 million of acquisition and integration costs from the Newport Merger
and $5.0 million of an asset impairment charge. Income from operations for 2015 includes $2.1 million of
restructuring charges.
(4) Net income for 2019 includes charges, net of tax, of $32.9 million of acquisition and integration costs,
$5.8 million of amortization of inventory step-up to fair value, $5.1 million of fees and expenses related to
36
our Term Loan Facility related to the ESI Merger, $3.9 million of amortization of debt issuance costs,
$5.1 million of restructuring and other costs, $4.7 million of asset impairment charges and $5.4 million of
tax cost on the inter-company sale of an asset. These charges are offset by a $5.2 million gain on sale of
long-lived assets and $2.2 million of windfall tax benefit on the vesting of stock-based compensation. Net
income for 2018 includes an $8.3 million windfall tax benefit on the vesting of stock-based compensation
and $5.0 million of accrued taxes on MKS subsidiary distributions. Net income for 2017 includes charges,
net of tax, of $6.7 million of an asset impairment charge, $3.4 million of acquisition and integration costs
and $3.7 million of restructuring charges. Net income for 2017 also includes a gain, net of tax of
$72.0 million related to the sale of a business, a $28.7 million transition tax on accumulated foreign
earnings, a $14.0 million tax accrual on a distribution to a subsidiary, a $24.5 million deferred tax
adjustment, which also includes the reversal of a tax accrual on an intercompany dividend related to the
2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act, a $11.1 million windfall tax benefit on the vesting of stock-based compensation
and an adjustment, net of tax of $5.9 million of amortization of debt issuance costs relating to our Term
Loan Facility used to partially finance the Newport Merger. Net income for 2016 includes charges, net of
tax, of $9.8 million of amortization of inventory step-up to fair value, $19.0 million of acquisition and
integration costs, $5.0 million of asset impairment charges and a $2.0 million withholding tax on dividends.
These charges are offset by a tax benefit of $5.0 million for a legal entity restructuring. Net income for 2015
includes charges, net of tax, of $1.4 million of restructuring costs and also includes $7.7 million in tax
credits for reserve releases related to the settlement of tax audits.
(5) Short-term and long-term debt, net, includes $9.0 million and $871.7 million, respectively, in 2019, long-
term debt, net includes $343.8 million in 2018, $389.3 million in 2017 and short-term and long-term debt,
net includes $6.3 million and $600.7 million, respectively, in 2016, related to our Term Loan Facility.
(6) Other liabilities include non-current deferred taxes, non-current accrued compensation and non-current lease
liability.
37
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A,
describes principal factors affecting the results of our operations, financial condition and liquidity, as well as our
critical accounting policies and estimates that require significant judgment and thus have the most significant
potential impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. This section provides an analysis of our financial
results for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. For the discussion
and analysis covering the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, please
refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in
our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC on February 26,
2019.
Overview
We are a global provider of instruments, systems, subsystems and process control solutions that measure,
monitor, deliver, analyze, power and control critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to improve
process performance and productivity for our customers. Our products are derived from our core competencies in
pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition
analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery,
vacuum technology,
lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control, vibration control and laser-based
manufacturing systems solutions. We also provide services relating to the maintenance and repair of our
products, installation services and training. Our primary served markets include semiconductor, industrial
technologies, life and health sciences, research and defense.
Recent Events
Acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.
On February 1, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (“ESI”) pursuant to
an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 29, 2018 (the “ESI Merger”). At the effective time of the
ESI Merger and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the merger agreement, each share of ESI’s common
stock that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the ESI Merger was converted
into the right to receive $30.00 in cash, without interest and subject to deduction of any required withholding tax.
We paid the former ESI stockholders aggregate consideration of approximately $1.033 billion, excluding related
transaction fees and expenses, and non-cash consideration related to the exchange of share-based awards of
approximately $31 million for a total purchase consideration of approximately $1.063 billion. We funded the
payment of the aggregate consideration with a combination of our available cash on hand and the proceeds from
our 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, as defined and as described further below.
Segments and Markets
The Vacuum & Analysis segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which
are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas
and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery,
power generation and delivery, and vacuum technology.
The Light & Motion segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which are
derived from our core competencies in lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control and vibration control.
The Equipment & Solutions segment was created in conjunction with the ESI Merger. The Equipment &
Solutions segment provides laser-based manufacturing systems solutions for the micro-machining industry that
enable customers to optimize production. The primary served markets for the Equipment & Solutions segment
38
include flexible and rigid printed circuit board (“PCB”) processing/fabrication, semiconductor wafer processing
and passive component manufacturing and testing. The Equipment & Solutions segment’s systems incorporate
specialized laser technology and proprietary control software to efficiently process the materials and components
that are an integral part of electronic devices and systems.
We have a diverse base of customers. Approximately 51% and 45% of our net revenues, for the years 2019
and 2018, respectively, were from sales to customers in our advanced markets. These include, but are not limited
to, industrial technologies, life and health sciences, and research and defense.
Approximately 49% and 55% of our net revenues, for the years 2019 and 2018, respectively, were from
sales to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers.
We expect the relative split in our net revenues between sales to customers in our advanced markets and
sales to customers in our semiconductor capital equipment manufacturer and semiconductor device manufacturer
markets will be relatively consistent for the foreseeable future, excluding the impact of any future acquisitions.
Net revenues from customers in our advanced markets increased by $40 million, or 4%, in 2019, compared
to 2018, primarily due to an increase of $151 million from our Equipment & Solutions segment as a result of the
ESI Merger. The increase was offset by a decrease of $37 million in our Vacuum & Analysis segment and a
decrease of $74 million in our Light & Motion segment, primarily in our industrial technologies market.
Net revenues from semiconductor capital equipment manufacture and semiconductor device manufacture
customers decreased by $215 million, or 19%, in 2019, compared to 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a
volume decrease in net semiconductor revenues of $233 million and $14 million in the Vacuum & Analysis and
Light & Motion segments, respectively, offset by an increase of $32 million from our Equipment & Solutions
segment as a result of the ESI Merger.
The semiconductor capital equipment industry experienced a moderation in capital spending in the second
half of 2018 and the first half of 2019. However, the semiconductor capital equipment industry has seen an
increase in capital spending in the second half of 2019. We noted a corresponding effect on our semiconductor
revenue over the same period. While the timing of a full market recovery remains uncertain, we have seen an
improvement in market conditions. The semiconductor capital equipment industry is subject to rapid demand
shifts, which are difficult to predict, and we cannot be certain as to the timing or extent of future demand or any
future weakness in the semiconductor capital equipment industry.
A significant portion of our net revenues is from sales to customers in international markets. International
net revenues accounted for approximately 53% and 51% of our total net revenues,
in 2019 and 2018,
respectively. A significant portion of our international net revenues was from China, South Korea, Germany and
Japan. We expect international net revenues will continue to represent a significant percentage of our total net
revenues. Long-lived assets located in the United States were $208 million and $147 million, in 2019 and 2018,
respectively, excluding goodwill, intangible assets, and long-term tax-related accounts. Long-lived assets located
outside of the United States were $131 million and $77 million, in 2019 and 2018, respectively, excluding
goodwill and intangibles, and long-term tax-related accounts.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The MD&A discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and
including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, pension plan
judgments,
39
valuations, inventory, warranty costs, stock-based compensation expense, intangible assets, goodwill and other
long-lived assets, in-process research and development and income taxes. We base our estimates and judgments
on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that
are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different
assumptions or conditions.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the most significant judgments, assumptions and
estimates we use in preparing our consolidated financial statements:
Revenue Recognition and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We adopted Accounting Standards
Codification (“ASC”) 606 (“ASC 606”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all
contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The reported results for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2019 and 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for 2017 was
prepared under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.
We recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of $1.7 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the
cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to its service business and certain
custom products.
The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle that will more closely align revenue
recognition with the delivery of our goods or services. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five
steps when recording revenue:
• Identify the contract with a customer
• Identify the performance obligations in the contract
• Determine the transaction price
• Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract
• Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation
Revenue under ASC 606 is recognized when or as obligations under the terms of a contract with our
customer has been satisfied and control has transferred to the customer. The majority of our performance
obligations, and associated revenue, are transferred to customers at a point in time, generally upon shipment of a
product to the customer or receipt of the product by the customer and without significant judgments. Installation
services are not significant and are usually completed in a short period of time (normally less than two weeks)
and therefore, recorded at a point in time when the installation services are completed, rather than over time as
they are not material. Extended warranty, service contracts, and repair services, which are transferred to the
customer over time, are recorded as revenue as the services are performed. For repair services, we make an
accrual at each quarter end based upon historical repair times within our product groups to record revenue based
upon the estimated number of days completed to date, which is consistent with ratable recognition. Customized
products with no alternative future use to us, and that have an enforceable right to payment for performance
completed to date, are also recorded over time. We consider this to be a faithful depiction of the transfer to the
customer of revenue over time as the work is performed or service is delivered, ratably over time.
Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods
or providing services. Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the products or
services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can
benefit from the product or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available
from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the product or
service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Sales, value add, and other taxes we collect
40
concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Our normal payment terms are 30 to 60
days but vary by the type and location of our customers and the products or services offered. The time between
invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products and services and customer types, we
require payment before the products or services are delivered to, or performed for, the customer. None of our
contracts as of December 31, 2019 contained a significant financing component.
We periodically enter into contracts with our customers in which a customer may purchase a combination of
goods and or services, such as products with installation services or extended warranty obligations. These
contracts include multiple promises that we evaluate to determine if the promises are separate performance
obligations. Once we determine the performance obligations, we then determine the transaction price, which
includes estimating the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price, if any. To the
extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, we estimate the amount of variable consideration that
should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount
method depending on the method we expect to better predict the amount of consideration to which it will be
entitled. There are no constraints on the variable consideration recorded. We then allocate the transaction price to
each performance obligation in the contract based on a relative stand-alone selling price charged separately to
customers or using an expected cost plus margin method. The corresponding revenues are recognized when or as
the related performance obligations are satisfied, which are noted above. The impact of variable consideration
has been immaterial.
We sometimes sell separately-priced service contracts and extended warranty contracts related to certain of
our products, especially our laser products. The separately priced contracts generally range from 12 to 60
months. We normally receive payment at the inception of the contract and recognize revenue over the term of the
agreement in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.
We monitor and track the amount of product returns, provide for sales return allowances and reduce revenue
at the time of shipment for the estimated amount of such future returns, based on historical experience. While
product returns have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, there is no
assurance that we will continue to experience the same return rates that we have in the past. Any significant
increase in product return rates could have a material adverse impact on our operating results for the period or
periods in which such returns materialize.
While we maintain a credit approval process, significant judgments are made by management in connection
with assessing our customers’ ability to pay at the time of shipment. Despite this assessment, from time to time,
our customers are unable to meet their payment obligations. We continuously monitor our customers’ credit
worthiness, and use our judgment in establishing a provision for estimated credit losses based upon our historical
experience and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. While such credit losses have
historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, there is no assurance that we will
continue to experience the same credit loss rates that we have in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or
financial position of our customers could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of accounts
receivable and our future operating results.
Inventory. We value our inventory at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. We regularly
review inventory quantities on hand and record a provision to write-down excess and obsolete inventory to its
estimated net realizable value, if less than cost, based primarily on our estimated forecast of product demand.
Once our inventory value is written-down and a new cost basis has been established, the inventory value is not
increased due to demand increases. Demand for our products can fluctuate significantly. A significant increase in
the demand for our products could result in a short-term increase in the cost of inventory purchases as a result of
supply shortages or a decrease in the cost of inventory purchases as a result of volume discounts, while a
significant decrease in demand could result in an increase in the charges for excess inventory quantities on hand.
In addition, our industry is subject to technological change, new product development and product technological
41
obsolescence that could result in an increase in the amount of obsolete inventory quantities on hand. Therefore,
any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact
on the value of our inventory and our reported operating results.
Warranty Costs. We provide for the estimated costs to fulfill customer warranty obligations upon the
recognition of the related revenue. We provide warranty coverage for our products for periods ranging from 12 to
36 months, with the majority of our products for periods ranging from 12 to 24 months. Short-term accrued
warranty obligations, which expire within one year, are included in other current liabilities and long-term accrued
warranty obligations are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. We estimate the
anticipated costs of repairing our products under such warranties based on the historical costs of the repairs and
any known specific product issues. The assumptions we use to estimate warranty accruals are re-evaluated
periodically in light of actual experience and, when appropriate, the accruals are adjusted. Our determination of
the appropriate level of warranty accrual is based upon estimates. Should product failure rates differ from our
estimates, actual costs could vary significantly from our expectations. Defective products will be either repaired
or replaced, generally at our option, upon meeting certain criteria.
Pension Plans. Several of our non-U.S. subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans covering
substantially all full-time employees of those subsidiaries. Some of the plans are unfunded, as permitted under
the plans and applicable laws. For financial reporting purposes, the calculation of net periodic pension costs is
based upon a number of actuarial assumptions, including a discount rate for plan obligations, an assumed rate of
return on pension plan assets and an assumed rate of compensation increase for employees covered by the plan.
All of these assumptions are based upon our judgment, considering all known trends and uncertainties. Actual
results that differ from these assumptions would impact future expense recognition and the cash funding
requirements of our pension plans.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense. We record compensation expense for all stock-based compensation
awards to employees and directors based upon the estimated fair market value of the underlying instrument.
Accordingly, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based upon the fair value of the
award.
We typically issue restricted stock units (“RSUs”) as stock-based compensation. We also provide employees
the opportunity to purchase shares through an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). For RSUs, the fair value
is the stock price on the date of grant. We estimate the fair value of stock appreciation rights and shares issued
under our ESPP using the Black-Scholes pricing model, which is affected by our stock price as well as
assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include our expected stock
price volatility over the term of the awards, expected life, risk free interest rate and expected dividends.
Management determined that blended volatility, a combination of historical and implied volatility, is more
reflective of market conditions and a better indicator of expected volatility than historical or implied volatility
alone.
Certain RSUs involve stock to be issued upon the achievement of performance conditions (“performance
shares”) under our stock incentive plans. Such performance shares become available, subject to time-based
vesting conditions if, and to the extent that, financial or operational performance criteria for the applicable period
are achieved. Accordingly, the number of performance shares earned will vary based on the level of achievement
of financial or operational performance objectives for the applicable period. Until such time that our performance
can ultimately be determined, each quarter we estimate the number of performance shares to be earned based on
an evaluation of the probability of achieving the performance objectives. Such estimates are revised, if necessary,
in subsequent periods when the underlying factors change our evaluation of the probability of achieving the
performance objectives. Accordingly, share-based compensation expense associated with performance shares
may differ significantly from the amount recorded in the current period.
42
As part of our acquisitions of Newport Corporation (“Newport”) in 2016 (the “Newport Merger”) and the
ESI Merger in 2019, we assumed all stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) granted under any Newport equity plan
or ESI equity plan, whether vested or unvested, that were outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of
the Newport Merger and the ESI Merger. For SARs, the converted number of shares, fair value, vesting schedule
and expiration dates are all based on the original grant date information. The stock-based compensation expense
reflects the remaining fair value for all unvested SARs as of the acquisition dates, recognized over the remaining
time to vest.
The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based compensation awards represents
management’s best estimates, but
these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of
management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based
compensation expense could be materially different in the future.
Intangible Assets, Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets. As a result of our acquisitions, we have
identified intangible assets and generated significant goodwill. Definite-lived intangible assets are valued based
on estimates of future cash flows and amortized over their estimated useful life. Determining fair value requires
the exercise of significant judgment, including assumptions about appropriate discount rates as well as forecasted
revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to annual impairment testing as well as testing
upon the occurrence of any event that indicates a potential impairment. Intangible assets and other long-lived
assets are also subject to an impairment test if there is an indicator of impairment. If our expectations of future
results and cash flows are significantly diminished, intangible assets and goodwill may be impaired and the
resulting charge to operations may be material. When we determine that the carrying value of intangibles or other
long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, we
use the projected undiscounted cash flow method to determine whether an impairment exists, and then measure
the impairment using discounted cash flows. To measure impairment for goodwill, we compare the fair value of
our reporting units by measuring discounted cash flows to the book value of the reporting units. Goodwill would
be impaired if the resulting implied fair value was less than the recorded book value of the goodwill.
The estimation of useful lives and expected cash flows require us to make significant judgments regarding
future periods that are subject to some factors outside of our control. Changes in these estimates can result in
significant revisions to the carrying value of these assets and may result in material charges to the results of
operations.
We have elected to perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31 of each year, or more
often if events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. Goodwill is the amount by which the cost
of acquired net assets exceeded the fair value of those net assets on the date of acquisition. We allocate goodwill
to reporting units at the time of acquisition or when there is a change in the reporting structure and base that
allocation on which reporting units will benefit from the acquired assets and liabilities. Reporting units are
defined as operating segments or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. The
estimated fair value of our reporting units was based on discounted cash flow models derived from internal
earnings and internal and external market forecasts. Determining fair value requires the exercise of significant
judgment, including assumptions about appropriate discount and perpetual growth rates, as well as forecasted
revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins. Discount rates are based on a weighted average cost
of capital (“WACC”), which represents the average rate a business must pay its providers of debt and equity. The
WACC used to test goodwill is derived from a group of comparable companies. Assumptions in estimating future
cash flows are subject to a high degree of judgment and complexity. We make every effort to forecast these
future cash flows as accurately as possible with the information available at the time the forecast is developed.
In performing our annual goodwill impairment test, we are permitted to first assess qualitative factors to
determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying
43
including goodwill.
amount,
In performing the qualitative assessment, we consider certain events and
circumstances specific to the reporting unit and to the entity as a whole, such as macroeconomic conditions,
industry and market considerations, overall financial performance and cost factors when evaluating whether it is
more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. We are also
permitted to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative test. If we choose to
undertake the qualitative assessment and we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the
reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we would then proceed to the quantitative impairment test. In the
quantitative assessment, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, which includes
goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, no impairment loss exists. If the fair value is less than the
carrying amount, a goodwill impairment loss is measured and recorded.
On July 1, 2018, we reassigned goodwill to certain reporting units within the Light & Motion reportable
segment resulting from a reorganization of the composition of reporting units. The goodwill was reassigned to
the reporting units affected using the relative fair value approach. In conjunction with this goodwill
reassignment, we performed an interim quantitative impairment test as of July 1, 2018 for all of our reporting
units and concluded that the fair values of each reporting unit exceeded their respective carrying values.
As of October 31, 2019, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill using a quantitative
assessment for our Equipment & Solutions reporting unit, which comprises our Equipment & Solutions
reportable segment, and a qualitative assessment for all of our other reporting units and determined that it is more
likely than not that the fair values of the reporting units exceed their carrying amount. We will continue to
monitor and evaluate the carrying value of goodwill. If market and economic conditions or business performance
deteriorate, this could increase the likelihood of us recording an impairment charge. However, we believe it is not
reasonably likely that an impairment will occur at any of its reporting units over the next twelve months.
Income Taxes. We evaluate the realizability of our net deferred tax assets and assess the need for a
valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. The future benefit to be derived from our deferred tax assets is
dependent upon our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income in each jurisdiction of the right type to
realize the assets. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is
expected to be realized. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance an expense is recorded within the
provision for income taxes line in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Accounting for income taxes requires a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions.
The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if, based on the technical merits, it is
more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon audit, including resolutions of related appeals or
litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than
50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We re-evaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly
basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes
in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit and new audit activity. Any change in these factors could result
in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted. Some of the more significant
changes from the Act that impact us include the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from
35.0% to 21.0% as of January 1, 2018, the implementation of a new scheme for the taxation of our controlled
foreign corporations and the imposition of a transition tax on deemed repatriated cumulative earnings of foreign
subsidiaries.
44
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage of total net revenues of certain line
items included in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income data:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Net revenues:
Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84.8%
15.2
88.4%
11.6
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100.0%
100.0%
Cost of revenues:
Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total cost of revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross profit
Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selling, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisition and integration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restructuring and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fees and expenses related to repricing of Term Loan Facility . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on the sale of long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asset impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other expense, net
Income from operations before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48.1
8.2
56.3
43.7%
8.6
17.4
2.0
0.4
0.3
3.5
(0.3)
0.2
11.6%
0.3
2.3
0.2
9.4%
2.0
7.4%
46.7
6.1
52.8
47.2%
6.5
14.4
0.1
0.3
—
2.1
—
—
23.8%
0.3
0.8
0.1
23.2%
4.3
18.9%
Year Ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018
Net Revenues
(Dollars in millions)
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Product
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,611.3
288.5
$1,835.2
239.9
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,899.8
$2,075.1
Product revenues decreased $223.9 million in 2019, compared to 2018. The decrease was attributed to a
decrease in net product revenues, primarily due to lower volume, from our semiconductor customers of
$209.5 million and a decrease in net product revenues from customer in our advanced markets of $14.4 million.
The decrease in product revenue from our semiconductor customers for the MKS business, excluding the impact
of the ESI Merger (the “legacy MKS business”), during 2019, was $241.7 million compared to 2018, offset by an
increase in product revenues from our semiconductor customers of $32.2 million from the Equipment &
Solutions segment, as a result of the ESI Merger. The decrease in product revenues from customers in our
45
advanced markets for the legacy MKS business in 2019, was $110.6 million, mainly due to decreases in the
industrial technologies market which we believe has been negatively impacted by general trade tensions,
increasing tariffs, other trade restrictions and a softening in consumer electronics demand. The decrease was
offset by an increase in product revenues from customers in our advanced markets of $96.3 million from the
Equipment & Solutions segment as a result of the ESI Merger.
Service revenues consisted mainly of fees for services related to the maintenance and repair of our products,
sales of spare parts, and installation and training. Service revenues increased $48.6 million in 2019, compared to
2018. The increase was primarily attributed to an increase in service revenues from customers in our advanced
markets of $55.2 million from the Equipment & Solutions segment as a result of the ESI Merger.
Total international net revenues, including product and service, were $1.0 billion in 2019 compared to
$1.1 billion for 2018. The decrease in 2019 was primarily due to decreases in net revenues in Japan and South
Korea, partially offset by an increase in net revenues from China.
The following table sets forth our net revenues by reportable segment:
Net Revenues
(Dollars in millions)
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Vacuum & Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Light & Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipment & Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 990.5
725.6
183.7
$1,260.9
814.2
—
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,899.8
$2,075.1
Net revenues for our Vacuum & Analysis segment decreased $270.4 million in 2019, compared to 2018, due
primarily to volume decreases of $233.1 million from our semiconductor customers and $37.3 million from our
advanced market customers, primarily from customers in our process and industrial technologies market.
Net revenues for our Light & Motion segment decreased $88.6 million in 2019, compared to 2018, due to
decreases of $14.3 million from our semiconductor customers and $74.3 million from our advanced market
customers, primarily from volume decreases from customers in our process and industrial technologies market.
The following table sets forth gross profit as a percentage of net revenues by product and service:
Gross Profit
(As a percentage of net revenues)
Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total gross profit percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
43.3%
46.0%
43.7%
2018
47.2%
47.3%
47.2%
% Points
Change
(3.9)%
(1.3)%
(3.5)%
Gross profit as a percentage of net product revenues decreased by 3.9 percentage points in 2019, compared
to 2018, primarily due to lower factory utilization and lower revenue volumes, partially offset by favorable
product mix.
46
Gross profit as a percentage of net service revenues decreased by 1.3 percentage points in 2019, compared
to 2018, primarily due to unfavorable product mix and higher material costs, partially offset by higher utilization
of service technicians.
The following table sets forth gross profit as a percentage of net revenues by reportable segment:
Gross Profit
(As a percentage of net revenues)
Vacuum & Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Light & Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipment & Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
43.0%
46.1
36.8
43.7%
2018
45.8%
49.3
—
47.2%
% Points
Change
(2.8)%
(3.2)
—
(3.5)%
Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for our Vacuum & Analysis segment decreased by 2.8
percentage points in 2019, compared to 2018, primarily due to lower factory utilization and lower revenue
volumes, partially offset by favorable product mix.
Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for our Light & Motion segment decreased by 3.2 percentage
points in 2019, compared to 2018, primarily due to lower factory utilization, lower revenue volumes and
unfavorable product mix.
Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for our Equipment & Solutions includes the inventory step-up
adjustment to fair value from purchase accounting of $7.6 million related to the ESI Merger. Excluding this
adjustment, the gross margin for 2019 would have been 41.0%.
Research and Development
(Dollars in millions)
2019
Research and development expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$164.1
2018
$135.7
Years Ended December 31,
Research and development expenses increased $28.4 million in 2019, compared to 2018, due to an increase
of $26.8 million from the ESI Merger, primarily due to increases of $16.8 million in compensation-related
expense, $3.5 million in project materials, $3.4 million in depreciation expense and $1.7 million in occupancy
costs and an increase of $1.6 million from the legacy MKS business, primarily due to increases of $2.8 million in
project materials and $0.6 million in professional fees, offset by a $2.1 million decrease in compensation-related
expense.
Our research and development
is primarily focused on developing and improving our instruments,
components, subsystems and process control solutions to improve process performance and productivity.
We have thousands of products and our research and development efforts primarily consist of a large
number of projects related to these products, none of which is individually material to us. Current projects
typically have durations of 3 to 30 months depending upon whether the product is an enhancement of existing
technology or a new product. Our current initiatives include projects to enhance the performance characteristics
of older products, to develop new products and to integrate various technologies into subsystems. These projects
support in large part, the transition in the semiconductor industry to smaller integrated circuit geometries and in
the flat panel display and solar markets to larger substrate sizes, which require more advanced process control
47
technology. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel
engaged in research and development, fees paid to consultants, material costs for prototypes and other expenses
related to the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products.
We believe that the continued investment in research and development and ongoing development of new
products are essential to the expansion of our markets. We expect to continue to make significant investment in
research and development activities. We are subject to risks from products not being developed in a timely
manner, as well as from rapidly changing customer requirements and competitive threats from other companies
and technologies. Our success primarily depends on our products being designed into new generations of
equipment for the semiconductor industry and advanced technology markets. We develop products that are
technologically advanced so that they are positioned to be chosen for use in each successive generation of
semiconductor capital equipment. If our products are not chosen to be designed into our customers’ products, our
net revenues may be reduced during the lifespan of those products.
Selling, General and Administrative
(Dollars in millions)
2019
Selling, general and administrative expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$330.3
2018
$298.1
Years Ended December 31,
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $32.2 million during 2019, compared to 2018, due to
an increase of $38.7 million from the ESI Merger, primarily due to $24.0 million in compensation-related
expense, $4.1 million of depreciation expense, $2.2 million of travel and entertainment expense and $2.3 million
of consulting and professional fees offset by a decrease of $6.5 million from the legacy MKS business, primarily
due to a decrease of $8.5 million in compensation-related expense, offset by an increase of $1.4 million in
occupancy costs.
Acquisition and Integration Costs
(Dollars in millions)
Acquisition and integration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$37.3
2018
$3.1
Acquisition and integration costs incurred during 2019 and 2018 related primarily to the ESI Merger. In
2019, these costs consisted primarily of compensation costs for certain executives from ESI who had change in
control provisions in their respective ESI employment agreements that were accounted for as dual-trigger
arrangements and other stock vesting accelerations, as well as consulting and professional fees associated with
the ESI Merger. In 2018, these costs consisted primary of consulting and professional fees associated with the
ESI Merger offset by $1.1 million severance accrual reversal related to the Newport Merger.
Restructuring and other
(Dollars in millions)
Restructuring and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$7.0
2018
$4.6
In 2019, we recorded $7.0 million of restructuring and other charges which primarily consisted of severance
costs related to an organization-wide reduction in workforce, the consolidation of service functions in Asia, the
movement of certain products to lower costs regions and costs incurred from the pending closure of a facility in
Europe. In addition, we recorded a charge for a legal settlement from a contractual obligation we assumed as part
of the Newport Merger.
48
In 2018, we recorded $4.6 million of restructuring and other charges which primarily consisted of severance
costs related to transferring a portion of our shared services functions to a third party, as well as the consolidation
of certain shared service functions in Asia. We also recorded environmental costs related to an Environmental
Protection Agency-designated Superfund site, which we acquired as part of the Newport Merger.
Fees and Expenses Related to Repricing of Term Loan Facility
(Dollars in millions)
Fees and expenses related to repricing of Term Loan Facility . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$6.6
2018
$0.4
In 2019, we recorded fees and expenses related to Amendment No. 6 to our Term Loan Credit Agreement,
as defined and as described further below, which included the fifth repricing of our Term Loan Facility, as
defined and as described further below, and a consolidation of the two existing tranches into one tranche with a
maturity date in February 2026. We also recorded fees and expenses related to Amendment No. 5 to our Term
Loan Credit Agreement.
In 2018, we recorded fees and expenses related to previous repricings of our Term Loan Facility.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
(Dollars in millions)
Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$67.4
2018
$43.5
Amortization of intangible assets increased by $23.9 million in 2019, compared to 2018, due to intangible
assets acquired in the ESI Merger.
Gain on Sale of Long-Lived Assets
(Dollars in millions)
Gain on sale of long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$(6.8)
2018
$—
We recorded a net gain on the sale of two properties in Boulder, Colorado and three properties in Portland,
Oregon.
Asset Impairment
(Dollars in millions)
Asset impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$4.7
2018
$—
In 2019, we recorded $4.7 million of impairment charges related to a minority interest investment in a
private company.
Interest Expense, Net
(Dollars in millions)
Interest expense, net
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$38.7
2018
$11.2
Interest expense, net, increased by $27.5 million in 2019, compared to 2018, primarily due to interest
expense related to Amendment No. 5, as described below.
Other Expense, Net
(Dollars in millions)
Other expense, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$3.3
2018
$1.9
Other expense, net for 2019 and 2018 primarily related to changes in foreign exchange rates.
Provision for Income Taxes
(Dollars in millions)
Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
$37.5
2018
$88.1
Our effective tax rates for the years 2019 and 2018 were 21.1% and 18.3%, respectively. Our 2019 effective
tax rate was higher than the U.S. statutory tax rate due to the global intangible low taxed income inclusion,
non-deductible executive compensation and gain on intercompany sale of assets, offset by the deduction for
foreign derived intangible income, the geographic mix of income earned by our international subsidiaries being
taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate and the impact of various tax credits.
The effective tax rate in 2018 and related income tax expense was impacted by the Act. The effective tax
rate for the period ending December 31, 2018 was lower than the U.S. statutory rate due to the geographic mix of
income earned by our international subsidiaries being taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate,
windfall benefits of stock compensation and the deduction for foreign derived intangible income, offset by state
income taxes.
As of December 31, 2019, the total gross unrecognized tax benefits, which excludes interest and penalties,
was $43.5 million. As of December 31, 2018, the total gross unrecognized tax benefits, which excludes interest
and penalties, was $32.7 million. The net increase was primarily attributable to the addition of historical gross
unrecognized tax benefits for ESI as a result of the ESI Merger during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
We accrue interest and, if applicable, penalties for any uncertain tax positions. Interest and penalties are
classified as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we accrued interest on
unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
Over the next 12 months it is reasonably possible that we may recognize approximately $1.5 million of
previously net unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, related to various U.S. federal, state
and foreign tax positions primarily due to the expiration of statutes of limitations.
We are subject to examination by U.S. federal, state and foreign tax authorities. The U.S. Internal Revenue
Service (the “IRS”) commenced an examination of our U.S. federal income tax filings for tax years 2015 and
2016 during the quarter ended September 30, 2017. This audit was effectively settled during the quarter ended
March 31, 2018, and the impact was not material. Also, during the quarter ended March 31, 2018, we received
notification from the IRS of its intent to audit our subsidiary, Newport, for the tax year 2015. This audit
commenced during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 and was effectively settled during the quarter ended June 30,
2019 with a no change result. The U.S. statute of limitations remains open for tax years 2016 through the present.
The statute of limitations for our tax filings in other jurisdictions varies between fiscal years 2014 through
present. We also have certain federal credit carry-forwards and state tax loss and credit carry-forwards that are
open to examination for tax years 2000 through the present.
50
In 2019, we recorded a net benefit to income tax expense of $1.7 million, excluding interest and penalties,
due to reserve releases related to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations for previously open tax years and
the effective settlement of an IRS audit. In 2018, we recorded a net benefit to income tax expense of $1.6 million,
excluding interest and penalties, due to reserve releases related to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations
for previously open tax years and the effective settlement of an IRS audit.
The United Kingdom (“UK”) completed its withdrawal from the EU on January 31, 2020. There will be a
transition period, set to expire on December 31, 2020, within which the UK will continue to obey EU laws and
European courts. We are currently monitoring the developments during this transition period and the possible
impact to our overall tax assets, tax liabilities and effective tax rate.
Our future effective tax rate depends on various factors, including further interpretations and guidance from
U.S. federal and state governments on the impact of proposed regulations issued by the IRS, as well as the
geographic composition of our pre-tax income and changes in income tax reserves for unrecognized tax benefits.
We monitor these factors and timely adjust our estimates of the effective tax rate accordingly. We expect the
geographic mix of pre-tax income will continue to have a favorable impact on our effective tax rate, however the
geographic mix of pre-tax income can change based on multiple factors resulting in changes to the effective tax
rate in future periods. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by
taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex
application of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits
include estimates and judgment by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits
for U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable investments totaled $524.0 million at December 31, 2019,
a decrease of $194.2 million compared to $718.2 million at December 31, 2018. The primary driver in our
current and anticipated future cash flows is and will continue to be cash generated from operations, consisting
primarily of our net income, excluding non-cash changes and changes in operating assets and liabilities. In
periods when our sales are growing, higher sales to customers will result in increased trade receivables, and
inventories will generally increase as we build products for future sales. This may result in lower cash generated
from operations. Conversely, in periods when our sales are declining, our trade accounts receivable and inventory
balances will generally decrease, resulting in increased cash from operations.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $244.5 million for 2019 and resulted from net income of
$140.4 million, which included non-cash net charges of $192.5 million, offset by an increase in working capital
of $88.4 million. The increase in working capital consisted primarily of an increase in inventories of
$29.3 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $24.1 million, a decrease in income taxes payable of
$12.4 million, an increase in other current and non-current assets of $9.8 million, a decrease in other current and
non-current liabilities of $8.4 million and a decrease in current and non-current compensation of $4.2 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $413.8 million for 2018 and resulted from net income of
$392.9 million, which included non-cash net charges of $118.9 million, offset by an increase in working capital
of $98.0 million. The increase in working capital consisted primarily of an increase in inventories of
$73.8 million, a decrease in income taxes payable of $11.4 million, a decrease in accrued compensation of
$8.7 million and a decrease in other current and non-current liabilities of $4.0 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $947.2 million for 2019 and was due to the payment of a portion of
the purchase price for the ESI Merger of $988.6 million, net of cash acquired, and purchases of property, plant
and equipment of $63.9 million, offset by net sales and maturities of short-term investments of $63.2 million and
proceeds from the sale of long-lived assets of $42.1 million. Net cash provided by investing activities was
$72.8 million for 2018, due to net sales and maturities of short-term investments of $135.7 million, offset by the
purchases of property, plant and equipment of $62.9 million.
51
Net cash provided by financing activities was $476.2 million for 2019 and was from net proceeds of
$530.7 million, mainly from our 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, as defined and as described further
below, used to finance the ESI Merger, offset by dividend payments made to common stockholders of
$43.5 million and net payments related to tax payments for employee stock awards of $11.0 million. Net cash
used in financing activities was $178.0 million for 2018 and primarily resulted from the repurchase of common
stock of $75.0 million, partial repayment of our Term Loan Facility of $50.0 million, dividend payments made to
common stockholders of $42.4 million and net payments related to tax payments for employee stock awards of
$11.1 million.
On July 25, 2011, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the repurchase of up to
an aggregate of $200 million of our common stock from time to time in open market purchases, privately
negotiated transactions or through other appropriate means. The timing and quantity of any shares repurchased
including business conditions, stock market conditions and business
depends upon a variety of factors,
development activities, including, but not limited to, merger and acquisition opportunities. These repurchases
may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. During 2019, we did not
repurchase any shares of our common stock. During 2018, we repurchased approximately 818,000 shares of our
common stock for $75.0 million, or an average price of $91.67 per share.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, we paid cash dividends of $43.5 million in the aggregate or $0.80
per share. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we paid cash dividends of $42.4 million in the aggregate, or
$0.78 per share. Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends,
are subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors. Holders of our common stock are entitled to
receive dividends when and if they are declared by our Board of Directors. In addition, under the terms of our
Term Loan Facility and our ABL Facility, as defined and described further below, we may be restricted from
paying dividends under certain circumstances.
On February 10, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share to be
paid on March 6, 2020 to shareholders of record as of February 24, 2020.
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Facility
In connection with the completion of the Newport Merger in April 2016, we entered into a term loan credit
agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral
agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), that provided a senior secured term loan
credit facility in the original principal amount of $780.0 million (the “2016 Term Loan Facility”), subject to
increase at our option and subject to receipt of lender commitments in accordance with the Term Loan Credit
Agreement (the 2016 Term Loan Facility, together with the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility and 2019 Term
Loan Refinancing Facility (each as defined below), the “Term Loan Facility”). Prior to the effectiveness of
Amendment No. 6 (as defined below), the 2016 Term Loan Facility had a maturity date of April 29, 2023. As of
December 31, 2019, borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest per annum at one of the following
rates selected by us: (a) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate
plus 0.50%, (2) the “prime rate” quoted in The Wall Street Journal, (3) a London Interbank Offer Rate
(“LIBOR”) rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for an interest period of one
month adjusted for certain additional costs, plus 1.00%, and (4) a floor of 1.75%, plus, in each case, an applicable
margin; or (b) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest
period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a LIBOR rate floor of 0.0%,
plus an applicable margin. We have elected the interest rate as described in clause (b) of the foregoing sentence.
The Term Loan Credit Agreement provides that, unless an alternate rate of interest is agreed, all loans will be
determined by reference to the base rate if the LIBOR rate cannot be ascertained, if regulators impose material
restrictions on the authority of a lender to make LIBOR rate loans, or for other reasons. The 2016 Term Loan
Facility was issued with original issue discount of 1.00% of the principal amount thereof.
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We subsequently entered into four separate repricing amendments to the 2016 Term Loan Facility, which
decreased the applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings from 4.0% to 1.75%, with a LIBOR rate floor of 0.75%.
As a consequence of the pricing of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility (defined below), the applicable
margin for the 2016 Term Loan Facility was increased to 2.00% (from 1.75%) with respect to LIBOR
borrowings and 1.00% (from 0.75%) with respect to base rate borrowings.
On September 30, 2016, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of
September 30, 2020, to fix the rate on $335.0 million of the then-outstanding balance of the 2016 Term Loan
Facility. The rate was fixed at 1.198% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% at
December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, the notional amount of this transaction was $250.0 million and it had
a fair value asset of $0.8 million.
We incurred $28.7 million of deferred finance fees, original issue discount and repricing fees related to the
term loans under the 2016 Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans
using the effective interest method.
On February 1, 2019, in connection with the completion of the ESI Merger, we entered into an amendment
(“Amendment No. 5”) to the Term Loan Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 5 provided an additional
tranche B-5 term loan commitment in the original principal amount of $650.0 million (the “2019 Incremental
Term Loan Facility”), all of which was drawn down in connection with the closing of the ESI Merger. Pursuant
to Amendment No. 5, we also effectuated certain amendments to the Term Loan Credit Agreement which make
certain of the negative covenants and other provisions less restrictive. Prior to the effectiveness of Amendment
No. 6 (as defined below), the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility had a maturity date of February 1, 2026 and
bore interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, a base rate or LIBOR rate (as described above) plus, in
each case, an applicable margin equal to 1.25% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.25% with respect to
LIBOR borrowings. The 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility was issued with original issue discount of 1.00%
of the principal amount thereof.
On April 3, 2019, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of March 31,
2023, to fix the rate on $300.0 million of the then-outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan
Facility. The rate was fixed at 2.309% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% at
December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, the notional amount of this transaction was $300.0 million and it had
a fair value liability of $6.5 million.
We incurred $11.4 million of deferred finance fees and original issue discount fees related to the term loans
under the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans
using the effective interest method.
On September 27, 2019, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 6”) to the Term Loan Credit
Agreement. Amendment No. 6 refinanced all existing loans outstanding under the 2016 Term Loan Facility and
2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility (“Existing Term Loans”) for a tranche B-6 term loan commitment in the
original principal amount of $896.8 million (“2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility”). Each lender of the
Existing Term Loans that elected to participate in the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility was deemed to have
exchanged the aggregate outstanding principal amount of its Existing Term Loans for an equal aggregate
principal amount of tranche B-6 term loans under the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility. On the effective
date of Amendment No. 6 and immediately prior to the exchanges described above, we made a voluntary
prepayment of $50.0 million, which was applied to the Existing Term Loans on a pro rata basis.
53
We incurred $2.2 million of original issue discount fees related to the term loans under the 2019 Term Loan
Refinancing Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and
are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest
method.
As of December 31, 2019, the remaining balance of deferred finance fees and original issue discount of the
Term Loan Facility was $11.8 million. A portion of the deferred finance fees and original issue discount have
been accelerated in connection with the various debt prepayments and extinguishments during 2016, 2017, 2018
and 2019.
The 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility matures on February 2, 2026, and bears interest at a rate per
annum equal to, at our option, a base rate or LIBOR rate (as described above) plus, in each case, an applicable
margin equal to 0.75% with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.75% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The
2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility was issued with original issue discount of 0.25% of the principal amount
thereof.
We are required to make scheduled quarterly payments each equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount
of the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility with the balance due on February 2, 2026. If, on or prior to the date
that is six months after the closing date of Amendment No. 6, we prepay any loans under the 2019 Term Loan
Refinancing Facility in connection with a repricing transaction, we must pay a prepayment premium of 1.00% of
the aggregate principal amount of the loans so prepaid.
As of December 31, 2019, after total principal prepayments of $525.0 million and regularly scheduled
principal payments of $12.6 million, the total outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility was
$892.4 million and the interest rate was 3.45%.
On January 24, 2020, we made an additional principal prepayment of $50.0 million, reducing the
outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility to $842.4 million.
Under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, we are required to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to
certain exceptions, with portions of our annual excess cash flow as well as with the net cash proceeds of certain
of our asset sales, certain casualty and condemnation events and the incurrence or issuance of certain debt. Due
to our prepayments of term loan debt of $100 million during 2019, we were not required to make a prepayment
of excess cash flow for the period ended December 31, 2019.
All obligations under the Term Loan Facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries, and are
collateralized by substantially all of our assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions
and exclusions.
The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and
negative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under
the Term Loan Facility will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under
the Term Loan Facility and all actions generally permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. At December 31,
2019, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Term Loan Credit Agreement.
Senior Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility
On February 1, 2019, in connection with the completion of the ESI Merger, we entered into an asset-based
revolving credit agreement with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, the other
borrowers from time to time party thereto, and the lenders and letters of credit issuers from time to time party
thereto (the “ABL Credit Agreement”), that provides a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility of up
to $100.0 million, subject to a borrowing base limitation (the “ABL Facility”). On April 26, 2019, we entered
into a First Amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement which amended the borrowing base calculation for eligible
54
inventory prior to an initial field examination and appraisal requirements. The borrowing base for the ABL
Facility at any time equals the sum of: (a) 85% of certain eligible accounts; plus (b) prior to certain notice and
field examination and appraisal requirements, the lesser of (i) 20% of net book value of eligible inventory in the
United States and (ii) 30% of the borrowing base, and after the satisfaction of such requirements, the lesser of
(i) the lesser of (A) 65% of the lower of cost or market value of certain eligible inventory and (B) 85% of the net
orderly liquidation value of certain eligible inventory and (ii) 30% of the borrowing base; minus (c) reserves
established by the administrative agent,
limitations and examination
in each case, subject
requirements for eligible accounts and eligible inventory acquired in an acquisition after February 1, 2019. The
ABL Facility includes borrowing capacity in the form of letters of credit up to $25.0 million.
to additional
Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, any of the
following, plus, in each case, an applicable margin: (a) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of
(1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the “prime rate” quoted in The Wall Street Journal, (3) a
LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for an interest period of one
month adjusted for certain additional costs, plus 1.00% and (4) a floor of 0.00%; and (b) a LIBOR rate
determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such
borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, with a floor of 0.00%. The initial applicable margin for
borrowings under the ABL Facility is 0.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.50% with respect to
LIBOR borrowings. Commencing with the completion of the first fiscal quarter ending after the closing of the
ABL Facility, the applicable margin for borrowings thereunder is subject to upward or downward adjustment
each fiscal quarter, based on the average historical excess availability during the preceding quarter.
In addition to paying interest on any outstanding principal under the ABL Facility, we are required to pay a
commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder equal to 0.25% per annum. We must also
pay customary letter of credit fees and agency fees.
We incurred $0.8 million of costs in connection with the ABL Facility, which were capitalized and included
in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized to interest expense over
the contractual term of five years of the ABL Facility. As a result of a prior senior secured asset-based revolving
credit facility being terminated concurrently with our entry into the ABL Facility, we wrote off $0.2 million of
previously capitalized debt issuance costs.
If at any time the aggregate amount of outstanding loans, protective advances, unreimbursed letter of credit
drawings and undrawn letters of credit under the ABL Facility exceeds the lesser of (a) the commitment amount
and (b) the borrowing base, we are required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit,
with no reduction of the commitment amount. During any period that the amount available under the ABL
Facility is less than the greater of (i) $8.5 million and (ii) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and
(2) the borrowing base for three consecutive business days, until the time when excess availability has been at
least the greater of (i) $8.5 million and (ii) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and (2) the
borrowing base, in each case, for 30 consecutive calendar days (a “Cash Dominion Period”), or during the
continuance of an event of default, we are required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of
credit with the cash that it is required to deposit daily in a collection account maintained with the administrative
agent under the ABL Facility. During a Cash Dominion Period, we may make borrowings under the ABL
Facility subject to the satisfaction of customary funding conditions.
There is no scheduled amortization under the ABL Facility. The principal amount outstanding under the
ABL Facility is due and payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing date.
All obligations under the ABL Facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries, and are
collateralized by substantially all of our assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions
and exclusions.
55
From the time when we have excess availability less than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the
commitment amount and (2) the borrowing base and (b) $8.5 million, until the time when we have excess
availability equal to or greater than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and
(2) the borrowing base and (b) $8.5 million for 30 consecutive days, or during the continuance of an event of
default, the ABL Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the
ABL Credit Agreement) tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter of at least 1.0 to 1.0.
The ABL Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants
and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the ABL Facility will
be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the ABL Facility and all
actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. We have not borrowed against this ABL Facility to date.
Lines of Credit and Short-Term Borrowing Arrangements
One of our Japanese subsidiaries has lines of credit and short-term borrowing arrangements with two
financial institutions which arrangements generally expire and are renewed at three-month intervals. The lines of
credit provided for aggregate borrowings as of December 31, 2019, of up to an equivalent of $21.1 million U.S.
dollars. One of the borrowing arrangements has an interest rate based on the Tokyo Interbank Offer Rate at the
time of borrowing and the other has an interest rate based on the Japanese Short-Term Prime Lending Rate.
There were no borrowings outstanding under these arrangements at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
We assumed various revolving lines of credit and a financing facility with the completion of the Newport
Merger. These revolving lines of credit and financing facility have no expiration date and provide for aggregate
borrowings as of December 31, 2019 of up to an equivalent of $11.5 million U.S. dollars. These lines of credit
have a base interest rate of 1.25% plus a Japanese Yen overnight LIBOR rate. Total borrowings outstanding
under these arrangements were $3.1 million and $3.4 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
We have provided financial guarantees for certain unsecured borrowings and have standby letters of credit,
some of which do not have fixed expiration dates. At December 31, 2019, our maximum exposure as a result of
these financial guarantees and standby letters of credit was approximately $5.1 million.
Sale of Long-Lived Assets
In August of 2019, we sold two of our buildings in Boulder, Colorado and three of our buildings in Portland,
Oregon. Total net cash proceeds received for these two transactions was $41.2 million and we recognized a net
gain on the sale of these long-lived assets of $6.8 million.
Our total cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable investments at December 31, 2019 consisted
of $263.2 million held in the United States and $260.8 million held by our foreign subsidiaries. We believe that
our current cash and investments position and available borrowing capacity, together with the cash anticipated to
be generated from our operations, will be sufficient to satisfy our estimated working capital, planned capital
expenditure requirements, and any future cash dividends declared by our Board of Directors or share repurchases
through at least the next 12 months and the foreseeable future.
Contractual Obligations
In connection with the ESI Merger, which closed in February 2019, in addition to the entry into Amendment
No. 5 to our Term Loan Credit Agreement described above, we assumed certain contractual lease obligations and
purchase obligations in 2019.
56
Future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:
Contractual Obligations (In thousands)
Operating lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchase obligations(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pension obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Debt
Other long-term liabilities reflected on the
Balance Sheet under U.S. GAAP(2)
. . . .
Payment Due By Period
$
Total
65,391
302,270
38,651
895,576
Less than
1 Year
$ 20,227
258,137
1,133
12,099
1-3 years
3-5 years
$21,374
30,737
2,519
18,031
$12,917
10,615
3,020
17,937
After
5 years
$ 10,873
2,781
31,979
847,509
Other
$ —
—
—
—
120,669
—
7,147
433
77,907
35,182
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,422,557
$291,596
$79,808
$44,922
$971,049
$35,182
(1) As of December 31, 2019, we have entered into purchase commitments for certain inventory components
and other equipment and services used in our normal operations. The majority of these purchase
commitments covered by these arrangements are for periods less than a year and aggregate to approximately
$258.1 million.
(2) The majority of this balance relates to deferred tax liabilities.
Derivatives
We enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes only, including derivatives designated as
hedging instruments and those utilized as economic hedges. We operate internationally, and in the normal course
of business, are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. These fluctuations can
increase the costs of financing, investing and operating the business. We have used derivative instruments, such
as forward exchange contracts and an interest rate hedge to manage certain foreign currency and interest rate
exposures.
By nature, all financial instruments involve market and credit risks. We enter into derivative instruments
with major investment grade financial institutions and no collateral is required. We have policies to monitor the
credit risk of these counterparties. While there can be no assurance, we do not anticipate any material
non-performance by any of these counterparties.
We hedge a portion of our forecasted foreign currency denominated intercompany sales of inventory, over a
maximum period of eighteen months, using forward foreign exchange contracts accounted for as cash-flow
hedges related to Japanese, South Korean, British, Euro and Taiwanese currencies. To the extent
these
derivatives are effective in offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, and otherwise meet the hedge
accounting criteria, changes in the derivatives’ fair value are not included in current earnings but are included in
accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. These changes in fair value will subsequently
be reclassified into earnings, as applicable, when the forecasted transaction occurs. To the extent that a
previously designated hedging transaction is no longer an effective hedge, any ineffectiveness measured in the
hedging relationship is recorded currently in earnings in the period it occurs. The cash flows resulting from
forward exchange contracts are classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows as part of cash flows from
operating activities. We do not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
We also enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge certain balance sheet amounts. To the extent the
hedge accounting criteria is not met, the related foreign currency forward contracts are considered as economic
hedges and changes in the fair value of these contracts are recorded immediately in earnings in the period in
which they occur. These include hedges that are used to reduce exchange rate risks arising from the change in
fair value of certain foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities (i.e., payables, receivables) and other
economic hedges where the hedge accounting criteria were not met.
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We had forward exchange contracts with notional amounts totaling $154.7 million outstanding at
December 31, 2019 of which $51.7 million were outstanding to exchange South Korean Won to U.S. dollars and
$45.9 million were outstanding to exchange Japanese Yen to U.S. dollars. We had forward exchange contracts
with notional amounts totaling $159.4 million outstanding at December 31, 2018 of which $59.1 million were
outstanding to exchange South Korean Won to U.S. dollars and $43.8 million were outstanding to exchange
Japanese Yen to U.S. dollars.
As of December 31, 2019,
the unrealized loss that will be reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income to earnings over the next twelve months is immaterial. Gains and losses on forward
exchange contracts that qualify for hedge accounting are classified in cost of products in 2019 and 2018 and
totaled a gain (loss) of $5.7 and $(3.4) million, respectively. There were no ineffective portions of the derivatives
recorded in 2019 and 2018.
We hedge certain intercompany accounts receivable and intercompany loans with forward exchange
contracts. Typically, as these derivatives hedge existing amounts that are denominated in foreign currencies, the
derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on forward exchange
contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized currently in earnings. The net foreign exchange
losses on these derivatives were immaterial in each of 2019 and 2018. Foreign currency gains or losses are
classified in other expense, net. The cash flows resulting from forward exchange contracts are classified in our
consolidated statements of cash flows as part of cash flows from operating activities. We do not hold or issue
derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
We have also entered into interest rate swap agreements related to our Term Loan Facility. See details above
under “Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Facility.”
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any financial partnerships with unconsolidated entities, such as entities often referred to as
structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities, which are often established for the
purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or for other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
Accordingly, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably expected to have a current
or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of
operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards
Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740).” This standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes
by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent
application and simplify U.S. GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance.
This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within
those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We evaluated the requirements of this ASU and the impact
of pending adoption on our consolidated financial statements. We do not expect that the impact of these changes
will be material to our consolidated financial statements when adopted.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software
(Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for
Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing
Arrangement that is a Service Contract.” This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation
costs incurred in a hosting arrangement
is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing
implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include
an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a
service contract is not affected by the amendments to this update. This standard is effective for annual periods
that
58
beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently
evaluating the requirements of this ASU and the impact of pending adoption on our consolidated financial
statements.
In June 2016,
the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This standard introduced the expected credit losses
methodology for the measurement of credit losses on financial assets that are not measured at fair value through
net income and replaces today’s “incurred loss” model with an “expected credit loss” model that requires
consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset.
There have been several consequential subsequent amendments to this standard. This standard is effective for
annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not
expect adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market Risk and Sensitivity Analysis
Our primary exposures to market risks include fluctuations in interest rates on our Term Loan Facility, as
defined and as described further in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and investment portfolio, as well
as fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
We mainly enter into forward exchange contracts to reduce currency exposure arising from intercompany
sales of inventory. We also enter into forward exchange contracts to reduce foreign exchange risks arising from
the change in fair value of certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities.
We had forward exchange contracts with notional amounts totaling $154.7 million outstanding and a net fair
value liability of $0.2 million at December 31, 2019. We had forward exchange contracts with notional amounts
totaling $159.4 million outstanding and a net fair value asset totaling $1.3 million at December 31, 2018. The
potential fair value loss for a hypothetical 10% adverse change in the currency exchange rate on our forward
exchange contracts at December 31, 2019 and 2018 would be immaterial.
Interest Rate Risk
We hold our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments for working capital purposes. Some of the
securities we invest in are subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause
the principal amount of such investments to fluctuate. To minimize this risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash,
cash equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of securities including money market funds and
government debt securities. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, we believe that we do not have any
material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates.
Declines in interest rates, however, would reduce future interest income. The effect of a hypothetical 10%
increase or decrease in overall interest rates would not have had a material impact on our operating results or the
total fair value of the portfolio.
We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates related to our Term Loan Facility. As
of December 31, 2019, we owed $892.4 million with $250.0 million at a fixed interest rate of 1.198%, plus the
applicable credit spread which was 1.75% at December 31, 2019, $300.0 million at a fixed interest rate of
2.309%, plus the applicable credit spread which was 1.75% at December 31, 2019, and $342.4 million at a
variable interest rate of 1.75% plus LIBOR. We performed a sensitivity analysis on the outstanding portion of
our debt obligations as of December 31, 2019. Should the current average interest rate increase or decrease by
10%, the resulting annual increase or decrease to interest expense would be approximately $1.2 million as of
December 31, 2019.
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From time to time, we have outstanding lines of credit and short-term borrowings with variable interest
rates, primarily denominated in Japanese Yen. As of December 31, 2019, $3.1 million was outstanding under
these arrangements. These lines of credit have a base interest rate of 1.25% plus a Japanese Yen overnight
LIBOR rate. A 10% change in interest rates would not have had a material impact on our operating results.
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Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of MKS Instruments, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MKS Instruments, Inc. and its
subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of
operations and comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2019, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 as listed in the index appearing under Item
15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in
all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria
established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Changes in Accounting Principles
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which
it accounts for leasing arrangements in 2019 and the manner in which it accounts for revenue from contracts with
customers in 2018.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining
effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control
over financial reporting,
included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial
statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public
accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and
are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we
plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements
are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over
financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of
material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing
procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding
the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the
61
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting
included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on
the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the
circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has
excluded Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2019, because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2019.
We have also excluded Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. from our audit of internal control over financial
reporting. Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues
excluded from management’s assessment and our audit of internal control over financial reporting represent 29%
and 10%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended
December 31, 2019.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting
includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made
only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the
company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that
controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the
policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the
consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit
committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements
and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical
audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole,
and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical
audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (“ESI”) – Valuation of Laser Completed Technology
Intangible Asset
As described in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed its acquisition of
Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (“ESI”) for a purchase price of $1,019.2 million, net of cash and cash
equivalents acquired. As part of the purchase price allocation, management recorded $255.7 million for the fair
value of the acquired laser completed technology intangible asset, which was determined using the income
approach. In performing the valuation for the intangible asset, the key underlying judgments and assumptions
used included the discount rate as well as forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins.
62
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of
the laser completed technology intangible asset is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgment by
management when estimating the fair value of the acquired laser completed technology intangible asset, which in
turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating
audit evidence relating to management’s estimates and assumptions with respect to the discount rate and
forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins. In addition, the audit effort involved the
use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in performing procedures over the discount
rate and evaluating the audit evidence obtained.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with
forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the
effectiveness of controls relating to the acquisition accounting, including controls over management’s valuation
of the acquired laser completed technology and assumptions related to the discount rate and forecasted revenue
growth rates and gross profit and operating margins. These procedures also included, among others, (i) reading
the purchase agreement, (ii) evaluating the methods and significant assumptions used by management in
developing the fair value for the laser completed technology intangible asset, including the discount rate and
forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins, and (iii) testing the completeness,
accuracy and relevance of the underlying data used in the valuation. Evaluating whether the discount rate and
forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins were reasonable involved considering the
past performance of the acquired entity and industry data. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge
were used to assist in the evaluation of management’s valuation model and certain significant assumptions,
including the discount rate.
Goodwill – Quantitative Impairment Assessment – Equipment & Solutions Reporting Unit
As described in Notes 3, 12, 13, and 21 to the consolidated financial statements,
the Company’s
consolidated goodwill balance was $1,058.5 million as of December 31, 2019, and the goodwill balance for the
Equipment & Solutions reportable segment was $473.3 million as of December 31, 2019, which constitutes the
goodwill of the Equipment & Solutions reporting unit. Management assesses goodwill for impairment on an
annual basis as of October 31 or more frequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the
recorded goodwill may be impaired. In the quantitative assessment, management compares the fair value of the
reporting unit to its carrying amount, which includes goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, no
impairment loss exists. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount, a goodwill impairment loss is measured
and recorded. The estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units are based on discounted cash flow
models. Determining fair value requires the exercise of significant judgment, including judgments about discount
and terminal growth rates, as well as forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the quantitative
goodwill impairment assessment of the Equipment & Solutions reporting unit is a critical audit matter are there
was significant judgment by management when determining the fair value measurement of the reporting unit,
which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and
evaluating audit evidence relating to the significant assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model,
including the discount rate and forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins. In
addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in the
evaluation of management’s valuation model and certain significant assumptions, including the discount rate.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with
forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the
effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the
significant assumptions used in the valuation of the Equipment & Solutions reporting unit related to the discount
rate and forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins. These procedures also included,
among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate; (ii) evaluating the
63
appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data
used in the model; and (iv) evaluating the significant assumptions used by management, including the discount
rate and forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins. Evaluating management’s
assumptions related to the discount rate and forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating
margins involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the
current and past performance of the reporting unit, external market and industry data, and whether these
assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized
skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted cash flow model and
certain significant assumptions, including the discount rate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 28, 2020
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1981.
64
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Current assets:
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,783 and
$5,243 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property, plant and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Right-of-use asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Long-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred revenue and customer advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Long-term debt, net
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-current deferred taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-current accrued compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-current lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other non-current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commitments and contingencies (Note 23)
Stockholders’ equity:
December 31,
2019
2018
(in thousands, except share data)
$ 414,572
109,417
$ 644,345
73,826
341,064
462,146
106,348
1,433,547
241,871
64,497
1,058,454
564,630
5,854
47,467
$3,416,320
$
12,099
88,397
100,851
15,448
20,632
21,494
58,760
317,681
871,667
72,428
43,930
44,759
42,511
1,392,976
295,454
384,689
65,790
1,464,104
194,367
—
586,996
319,807
10,290
38,682
$2,614,246
$
3,986
83,825
82,350
16,358
—
14,246
62,520
263,285
343,842
48,223
55,598
—
30,111
741,059
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and
outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common stock, no par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 54,596,183 and
54,039,554 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018,
respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulated other comprehensive loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
—
—
113
864,305
1,181,216
(22,290)
2,023,344
$3,416,320
113
793,932
1,084,797
(5,655)
1,873,187
$2,614,246
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
65
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
(in thousands, except per share data)
Net Revenues:
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,611,297
288,476
$1,835,202
239,906
$1,701,301
214,676
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of revenues:
1,899,773
2,075,108
1,915,977
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
913,482
155,860
969,288
126,344
906,369
118,157
Total cost of revenues (exclusive of amortization shown separately
below) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research and development
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selling, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisition and integration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restructuring and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fees and expenses related to repricing of Term Loan Facility . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on sale of long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asset impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on sale of business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other expense, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,069,342
830,431
164,061
330,346
37,262
6,983
6,637
67,402
(6,773)
4,662
219,851
5,453
44,135
—
3,333
177,836
37,450
1,095,632
979,476
135,720
298,118
3,113
4,567
378
43,521
—
—
494,059
5,775
16,942
—
1,942
480,950
88,054
1,024,526
891,451
132,555
290,056
5,332
3,920
492
45,743
—
6,719
406,634
3,021
30,990
74,856
5,896
447,625
108,493
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 140,386
$ 392,896
$ 339,132
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Changes in value of financial instruments designated as cash flow
hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign currency translation adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrecognized pension (loss) gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ (10,013) $
(6,111)
(536)
25
4,942
(14,161)
149
(37)
$
(4,568)
37,172
323
1,072
Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 123,751
$ 383,789
$ 373,131
Net income per share:
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
2.57
2.55
$
$
7.22
7.14
$
$
6.26
6.16
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54,711
55,111
54,406
54,992
54,137
55,074
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
66
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except share data)
Common Stock
Shares
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . 53,672,861
682,674
Net issuance under stock-based plans . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash dividend ($0.71 per common
share)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comprehensive income (net of tax):
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive gain . . . . . . . . .
Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . 54,355,535
502,150
Net issuance under stock-based plans . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock repurchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash dividend ($0.78 per common
(818,131)
share)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting Standards Codification
Topic 606 adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comprehensive income (net of tax):
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive loss . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at December 31, 2018 . . . . . . . . 54,039,554
Net issuance under stock-based plans . .
556,629
Settlement of share-based compensation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash dividend ($0.80 per common
awards(1)
share)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock dividends accrued . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comprehensive income (net of tax):
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive loss . . . . . . . . . . . .
$113
$777,482 $ 494,744
$(30,547)
(12,216)
24,378
(38,178)
339,132
33,999
$113
$789,644 $ 795,698
$ 3,452
(11,104)
27,262
(11,870)
(63,130)
(42,405)
1,738
392,896
$113
$793,932 $1,084,797
$ (5,655)
(9,107)
(11,010)
30,630
50,318
435
(43,528)
(435)
(4)
140,386
(16,635)
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
$1,241,792
(12,216)
24,378
(38,178)
339,132
33,999
$1,588,907
(11,104)
27,262
(75,000)
(42,405)
1,738
392,896
(9,107)
$1,873,187
(11,010)
30,630
50,318
(43,528)
—
(4)
140,386
(16,635)
Balance at December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . 54,596,183
$113
$864,305 $1,181,216
$(22,290)
$2,023,344
(1) Represents the vested but unissued portion of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (“ESI”) share-based
compensation awards as of the acquisition date of February 1, 2019 as described further in Note 12.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
67
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 140,386 $ 392,896 $ 339,132
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating
activities:
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of inventory step-up adjustment to fair value . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of debt issuance cost and original issue discount . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision for doubtful accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on sale of long-lived asset
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on sale of business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asset impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquired:
Trade accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other current and non-current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current and non-current accrued compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other current and non-current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities:
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net proceeds from sale of business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchases of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maturities of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proceeds from sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchases of property, plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:
110,034
7,624
7,074
49,194
24,734
(728)
(4,215)
(6,773)
—
4,662
870
(93)
(29,289)
(12,374)
(9,830)
(4,191)
(8,424)
(24,152)
244,509
82,556
79,853
—
—
10,699
4,718
24,378
27,262
20,213
22,324
825
1,435
(4,831)
(19,388)
—
—
— (74,856)
6,719
—
824
2,649
(546)
(73,779)
(11,430)
(1,639)
(8,649)
(3,948)
2,023
413,781
(44,077)
(72,471)
12,805
(8,631)
32,502
18,030
11,405
355,222
(988,599)
—
—
—
— 72,509
(246,315) (253,598) (229,557)
157,342
181,749
142,571
53,564
207,542
166,915
42,079
—
—
(31,287)
(62,941)
(63,904)
66
—
—
22,637
72,752
(947,253)
28,551
67,669
Net proceeds from short and long-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(29,711)
(67,163)
Payments of short-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(50,003) (228,141)
Payments of long-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
—
— (75,000)
Repurchases of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(12,216)
(11,104)
(11,010)
Net payments related to employee stock awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(43,528)
(38,178)
(42,405)
Dividend payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
476,178 (178,006) (279,695)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,813
1,931
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99,977
(229,773) 310,458
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
233,910
333,887
644,345
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 414,572 $ 644,345 $ 333,887
642,207
(5,375)
(106,116)
(3,207)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 39,899 $ 14,593 $ 20,467
Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 35,512 $ 91,765 $ 104,691
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
68
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
1) Business Description
MKS Instruments, Inc. (“MKS” or the “Company”) was founded in 1961 and is a global provider of
instruments, systems, subsystems and process control solutions that measure, monitor, deliver, analyze, power
and control critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to improve process performance and
productivity for our customers. The Company’s products are derived from its core competencies in pressure
measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis,
electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery, vacuum
technology, lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control, vibration control and laser-based manufacturing
systems solutions. The Company also provides services relating to the maintenance and repair of its products,
installation services and training. The Company’s primary served markets include semiconductor, industrial
technologies, life and health sciences, research and defense. The Company groups its product/service offerings
into three groups. These three groups are: Advanced Manufacturing Components, Advanced Manufacturing
Systems and Global Service.
Effective February 1, 2019, in conjunction with the Company’s acquisition of ESI as described further in
Note 12, we created a third reportable segment known as the Equipment & Solutions segment in addition to its
two then-existing reportable segments: the Vacuum & Analysis segment and the Light & Motion segment.
2) Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MKS Instruments, Inc. and its wholly owned
subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates
and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition and allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory
valuation, warranty costs, stock-based compensation, intangible assets, goodwill, other long-lived assets, in
process research and development and other acquisition expenses and income taxes. Management bases its
estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable
under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of
assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these
estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
3)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Leases
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02 “Leases” on January 1, 2019 and
used the effective date as its date of initial application. As such, the Company did not adjust prior period
amounts. The Company also elected to adopt the package of practical expedients upon transition, which permits
companies to not reassess lease identification, classification, and initial direct costs for leases that commenced
prior to the effective date. The Company implemented internal controls and a lease accounting information
system to enable preparation on adoption. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a cumulative effect of initially
applying this new standard, resulting in the addition of $71,042 of right-of-use assets and $20,192 and $54,147 of
69
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
short-term and long-term lease liabilities, respectively. The right-of-use asset is net of the deferred rent liability,
prepaid rent and a net favorable lease asset which were re-classified to the right-of-use asset upon adoption of the
standard.
The Company has various operating leases for real estate and non-real estate items. The non-real estate
leases are mainly comprised of automobiles but also include copiers, printers and other lower-valued items. The
Company does not have any finance leases.
The Company has existing leases that include variable lease and non-lease components that are not included
in the right-of-use asset and lease liability and are reflected as expenses in the periods incurred. Such payments
primarily include common area maintenance charges and increases in rent payments that are driven by factors
such as future changes in an index (e.g., the Consumer Price Index).
The Company has lease arrangements with lease and non-lease components, has elected to account for the
lease and non-lease components as a single lease component, and has allocated all of the contract consideration
to the lease component only. The Company has existing net leases in which the non-lease components (e.g.
common area maintenance, maintenance, consumables, etc.) are paid separately from rent based on actual costs
incurred. Therefore, non-lease components are not included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability and are
reflected as expenses in the periods incurred.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 (“ASC 606”) on January 1, 2018
using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The reported
results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance
while the reported results for 2017 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.
The Company recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of $1,738 as of January 1, 2018 due to
the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to its service business and certain
custom products. The impact to revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 as a result of applying ASC 606
was immaterial.
The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle that will more closely align revenue
recognition with the delivery of the Company’s goods or services and will provide financial statement readers
with enhanced disclosures. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following steps:
• Identify the contract with a customer
• Identify the performance obligations in the contract
• Determine the transaction price
• Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract
• Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation
Revenue under ASC 606 is recognized when or as obligations under the terms of a contract with the
Company’s customer has been satisfied and control has transferred to the customer. The majority of the
Company’s performance obligations, and associated revenue, are transferred to customers at a point in time,
generally upon shipment of a product to the customer or receipt of the product by the customer and without
70
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
significant judgments. Installation services are not significant and are usually completed in a short period of time
(normally less than two weeks) and therefore, recorded at a point in time when the installation services are
completed, rather than over time as they are not material. Extended warranty, service contracts, and repair
services, which are transferred to the customer over time, are recorded as revenue as the services are performed.
For repair services, the Company makes an accrual at quarter end based upon historical repair times within its
product groups to record revenue based upon the estimated number of days completed to date, which is
consistent with ratable recognition. Customized products with no alternative future use to the Company, and that
have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, are also recorded over time. The
Company considers this to be a faithful depiction of the transfer to the customer of revenue over time as the work
is performed or service is delivered, ratably over time.
Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for
transferring goods or providing services. Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on
the products or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby
the customer can benefit from the product or service either on its own or together with other resources that are
readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby
the transfer of the product or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Sales, value
add, and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from
revenue. The Company’s normal payment terms are 30 to 60 days but vary by the type and location of its
customers and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not
significant. For certain products and services and customer types, the Company requires payment before the
products or services are delivered to, or performed for, the customer.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
The Company periodically enters into contracts with its customers in which a customer may purchase a
combination of goods and or services, such as products with installation services or extended warranty obligations.
These contracts include multiple promises that the Company evaluates to determine if the promises are separate
performance obligations. Once the Company determines the performance obligations, the Company then determines
the transaction price, which includes estimating the amount of variable consideration to be included in the
transaction price, if any. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates
the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected
value method or the most likely amount method depending on the method the Company expects to better predict the
amount of consideration to which it will be entitled. There are no constraints on the variable consideration recorded.
The Company then allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract based on a relative
stand-alone selling price charged separately to customers or using an expected cost plus margin method. The
corresponding revenues are recognized when or as the related performance obligations are satisfied, which are noted
above. The impact of variable consideration was immaterial during 2019 and 2018.
Deferred Revenues
The Company’s standard assurance warranty period is normally 12 to 24 months. The Company sells
separately-priced service contracts and extended warranty contracts related to certain of its products, especially
its laser products. The separately priced contracts generally range from 12 to 60 months. The Company normally
receives payment at the inception of the contract and recognizes revenue over the term of the agreement in
proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract. The Company has
elected to use the practical expedient related to disclosing the remaining performance obligations as of
December 31, 2019 and 2018, as the majority have a duration of less than one year.
71
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract
Under ASC 606, the Company expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period
would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administration expenses.
The Company has elected to recognize the costs for freight and shipping when control over products has
transferred to the customer as an expense in cost of sales.
Product revenue, excluding revenue from certain custom products, is recorded at a point in time, while the
majority of service revenue and revenue from certain custom products is recorded over time.
Accounts Receivable Allowances
Accounts receivable allowances include sales returns and bad debt allowances. The Company monitors and
tracks the amount of product returns and reduces revenue at the time of shipment for the estimated amount of
such future returns, based on historical experience. The Company makes estimates evaluating its allowance for
doubtful accounts. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers and
maintains a provision for estimated credit losses based upon its historical experience and any specific customer
collection issues that it has identified.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist mainly of compensation-related
expenses and project materials. The Company’s research and development efforts include numerous projects,
which generally have a duration of 3 to 30 months. Acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”)
expenses, which are capitalized at fair value as an intangible asset until the related project is completed, are then
amortized over the estimated useful life of the product. The Company monitors projects and, if they are
abandoned, the Company immediately writes them off.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were immaterial in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Stock-Based Compensation
The accounting for share-based compensation expense requires the measurement and recognition of
compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on estimated
fair values. For restricted stock units (“RSUs”), the fair value is measured on the date of grant and expensed
normally over a three-year period. The Company also provides employees the opportunity to purchase shares
through an employee stock purchase plan. For shares issued under its employee stock purchase plan, the
Company has estimated the fair value on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model, which is
affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective
variables. These variables include the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards,
expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company is also required to estimate forfeitures
at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those
estimates.
Management determined that blended volatility, a combination of historical and implied volatility, is more
reflective of market conditions and a better indicator of expected volatility than historical or implied volatility
72
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
alone. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent
management’s best estimates, but
these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of
management judgment. As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different assumptions, stock-based
compensation expense could be materially different in the future.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
For foreign subsidiaries where the functional currency is the local currency, assets and liabilities are
translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are
translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Translation adjustments resulting from this
process are recorded to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”). Unrealized gains and losses on
securities classified as available-for-sale and unrecognized pension gains and losses are included in OCI in
consolidated stockholders’ equity. For derivative instruments designated as cash-flow hedges, the effective
portion of the derivative’s gain (loss) is initially reported as a component of OCI and is subsequently recognized
in earnings when the hedged exposure is recognized in earnings.
Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and
diluted net income per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and all
potential dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding. The dilutive effect of RSUs and SARs are determined
under the treasury stock method using the average market price for the period. Common equivalent shares are
included in the per share calculations when the effect of their inclusion would be dilutive.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments
All highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less at the date of purchase are
considered to be cash equivalents. The appropriate classification of investments in securities is determined at the
time of purchase. Debt securities that the Company does not have the intent and ability to hold to maturity are
classified as “available-for-sale” and are carried at fair value.
The Company classifies investments with maturity dates greater than twelve months in short-term
investments rather than long-term investments. This method classifies these securities as current based on the
nature of the securities and the availability for use in current operations. The Company believes this method is
preferable because it is more reflective of the Company’s assessment of its overall liquidity position.
The Company reviews its investment portfolio on a quarterly basis to identify and evaluate individual
investments that have indications of possible impairment. The factors considered in determining whether a loss is
other-than-temporary include: the length of time and extent to which fair market value has been below the cost
basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, credit quality, and the Company’s ability to
hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
In 2019, the Company determined that the fair value of an investment in a minority interest of a private
company had significantly declined in value and therefore, recorded an impairment charge of $4,662 for the
remainder of its investment.
73
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company’s significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents,
investments, forward exchange contracts and trade accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash and cash
equivalents with financial institutions including some banks with which it had borrowings. The Company
maintains investments primarily in U.S. Treasury and government agency securities and corporate debt
securities. The Company enters into forward currency contracts with high credit-quality financial institutions in
order to minimize credit risk exposure. The Company’s largest customers are primarily concentrated in the
semiconductor industry, and a limited number of these customers account for a significant portion of the
Company’s revenues. The Company regularly monitors the creditworthiness of its customers and believes it has
adequately provided for potential credit loss exposures. Credit is extended for all customers based primarily on
financial condition, and collateral is not required.
During the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, approximately 49%, 55% and 57% of the Company’s net revenues,
respectively, were from sales to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device
manufacturers. There were no customers that represented 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable
balance as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, cost being determined using a standard costing system
which approximates cost based on a first-in, first-out method. The Company regularly reviews inventory
quantities on hand and records a provision to write-down excess and obsolete inventory to its estimated net
realizable value, if less than cost, based primarily on its estimated forecast of product demand.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend
the useful lives of property, plant and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are
charged to expense as incurred. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated
depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in earnings.
Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of ten to fifty years for
buildings and three to eighteen years for machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures and office equipment,
which includes enterprise resource planning software. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of
the lease term or the estimated useful life of the leased asset.
Acquisition Accounting
The fair value of the consideration exchanged in an acquisition is allocated to tangible assets and
identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at acquisition date fair value. Goodwill is measured
as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities
assumed. The accounting for an acquisition involves a considerable amount of judgement and estimation. Cost,
income, market or a combination of approaches may be used to establish the fair value of consideration
exchanged, assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, depending on the nature of those items. The valuation
approach is determined in accordance with generally accepted valuation methods. Key areas of estimation and
judgment may include the selection of valuation approaches, cost of capital, market characteristics, cost structure,
impacts of synergies, and estimates of terminal value, among other factors.
74
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
While the Company uses best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to
estimate the value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to
refinement. During the measurement period, which maybe up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company
may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill, to
the extent that adjustments are identified to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon conclusion of the
measurement period, or final determination of the value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever
comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to results of operations.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of businesses are estimated by management based on the
fair value of assets acquired. These include acquired customer lists, technology, patents, trade names, covenants
not to compete and IPR&D. Intangible assets are amortized from one to eighteen years on a straight-line basis
which represents the estimated periods of benefit and the expected pattern of consumption.
Goodwill
Goodwill is the amount by which the cost of acquired net assets exceeded the fair value of those net assets on
the date of acquisition. The Company allocates goodwill to reporting units at the time of acquisition or when there is
a change in the reporting structure and bases that allocation on which reporting units will benefit from the acquired
assets and liabilities. Reporting units are defined as operating segments or one level below an operating segment,
referred to as a component. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment on an annual basis as of October 31 or
more frequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired.
The estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units are based on discounted cash flow models
derived from internal earnings and internal and external market forecasts. Determining fair value requires the
exercise of significant judgment, including judgments about appropriate discount and terminal growth rates, as
well as forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins. Discount rates are based on a
weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), which represents the average rate a business must pay its providers
of debt and equity. The WACC used to test goodwill is derived from a group of comparable companies.
Assumptions in estimating future cash flows are subject to a high degree of judgment and complexity. The
Company makes every effort to forecast these future cash flows as accurately as possible with the information
available at the time the forecast is developed.
In performing the Company’s annual goodwill impairment test, the Company is permitted to first assess
qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less
than its carrying amount, including goodwill. In performing the qualitative assessment, the Company considers
certain events and circumstances specific to the reporting unit and to the entity as a whole, such as
macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance and cost factors
when evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying
amount. The Company is also permitted to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the
quantitative test. If the Company chooses to undertake the qualitative assessment and concludes that it is more
likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company would then
proceed to the quantitative impairment test. In the quantitative assessment, the Company compares the fair value
of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, which includes goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value,
no impairment loss exists. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount, a goodwill impairment loss is
measured and recorded.
75
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Effective July 1, 2018, the Company reassigned goodwill to certain reporting units within the Light & Motion
reportable segment resulting from a reorganization of the composition of reporting units. The goodwill was
reassigned to the reporting units affected using the relative fair value approach. In conjunction with this goodwill
reassignment, the Company performed an interim quantitative impairment test as of July 1, 2018 for all of its
reporting units and concluded that the fair values of each reporting unit exceeded their respective carrying values.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company reassigned goodwill to certain reporting units within the Light &
Motion reportable segment resulting from a reorganization of the composition of reporting units. The goodwill
was reassigned to the reporting units affected using the relative fair value approach. The Company also
concluded that the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its respective carrying value.
As of October 31, 2019, the Company performed its annual impairment assessment of goodwill by
performing a quantitative impairment analysis of its Equipment & Solutions reporting unit and a qualitative
analysis for all other reporting units and determined that it is more likely than not that the fair values of the
reporting units exceed their carrying amount.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets whenever events and changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. This periodic review
may result in an adjustment of estimated depreciable lives or asset impairment. When indicators of impairment
are present, the carrying values of the asset are evaluated in relation to their operating performance and future
undiscounted cash flows of the underlying business. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than their
carrying value, impairment exists. The impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and
the fair value of the underlying asset. Fair values are based on estimates of market prices and assumptions
concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates, reflecting varying
degrees of perceived risk.
Foreign Exchange
The functional currency of the majority of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the applicable local
currency. For those subsidiaries, assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates.
Income and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. The
resulting translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in consolidated
stockholders’ equity. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses are classified in other income/expense in the
statement of operations.
Net foreign exchange (gain) loss resulting from re-measurement were $(31), $2,497 and $6,132 for the years
ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and are included in other expense (income). These
amounts do not reflect the corresponding gain (loss) from foreign exchange contracts. See Note 9 “Derivatives”
regarding foreign exchange contracts.
Employee Benefit Plans
The majority of the Company’s employees participate in defined contribution plans (401(k) plans) whereby
the Company matches a certain percentage of salary based upon the amount of each participant’s annual
contribution and their total compensation.
76
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The Company also has defined benefit retirement plans at certain of its foreign subsidiaries. The Company
accounts for these plans based on the provisions of ASC Topic 715, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits.” Some
of the key assumptions used to calculate the pension expense and projected benefit obligation include the
discount rate, rate of forecasted salary increases, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and the
mortality lives of participants. The obligation for these claims and the related periodic cots are measured using
actuarial techniques and assumptions. Actuarial gains and losses are deferred and amortized over future periods.
Income Taxes
The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and
liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, and also for
operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates both the positive and
negative evidence that affects the realizability of net deferred tax assets and assesses the need for a valuation
allowance. The future benefit to be derived from its deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate
sufficient future taxable income in each jurisdiction of the right type to realize the assets. The Company records a
valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that is expected to be realized. To the
extent the Company establishes a valuation allowance an expense will be recorded as a component of the
provision for income taxes on the statement of operations.
Accounting for income taxes requires a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions.
The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if, based on the technical merits, it is
more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon audit, including resolutions of related appeals or
litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than
50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company re-evaluates these uncertain tax positions
on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or
circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit and new audit activity. Any change in
these factors could result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.
Income tax effects resulting from changes in tax are generally accounted for by the Company in the period
in which the law is enacted and the effects are recorded as a component of provision for income taxes from
continuing operations. On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff issued Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to provide guidance for reporting entities’ ability to timely complete
the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act and allowed a measurement period up to one year from
the enactment date of the “Act”. The Company obtained, prepared and analyzed the information needed to
complete the accounting requirements under ASC Topic 740 and as a result, in accordance with SAB 118, the
Company finalized and recorded the effects of the Act during the quarter ended December 31, 2018.
4) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2019-12, “Income
Taxes (Topic 740).” This standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to
the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application and simplify U.S.
GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This standard is effective for
annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2022. The Company evaluated the requirements of this ASU and the impact of pending
adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company does not expect that the impact of
these changes will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
77
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” This standard
permits the use of the Overnight Index Swap Rate (“OIS”) based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as a
U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under Topic 815 in addition to the interest rates on
direct treasury obligations of the U.S. government, the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) swap rate, the
OIS rate based on the Federal Funds Effective Rate and the Securities Industry and Financial Markets
Association Municipal Swap Rate. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15,
2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU during the first quarter
of 2019 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial
statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software
Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing
(Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for
Arrangement that is a Service Contract.” This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation
costs incurred in a hosting arrangement
is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing
implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include
an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a
service contract is not affected by the amendments to this update. This standard is effective for annual periods
beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is
currently evaluating the requirements of this ASU and the impact of pending adoption on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
that
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” This standard
better aligns an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through
changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the
presentation of hedge results. The provisions of this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after
December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU during
the first quarter of 2019 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases”. This standard requires the recognition of lease
assets and liabilities for all leases, with certain exceptions, on the balance sheet. This ASU is effective for annual
periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company
adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, and used the effective date as its date of initial application. As such,
the Company did not adjust prior period amounts. The Company also elected to adopt the package of practical
expedients upon transition, which permits companies to not reassess lease identification, classification, and initial
direct costs for leases that commenced prior to the effective date. The Company implemented internal controls
and a lease accounting information system to enable preparation on adoption. Upon adoption, the Company
recorded a cumulative effect of initially applying this new standard, resulting in the addition of $71,042 of
right-of-use assets and $20,192 and $54,147 of short-term and long-term lease liabilities, respectively. The
right-of-use asset is net of the deferred rent liability, prepaid rent and a net favorable lease asset which were
re-classified to the right-of-use asset upon adoption of the standard. For additional information on the required
disclosures related to the impact of adopting this standard, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In June 2016,
the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This standard introduced the expected credit losses
methodology for the measurement of credit losses on financial assets that are not measured at fair value through
net income and replaces today’s “incurred loss” model with an “expected credit loss” model that requires
78
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset.
There have been several consequential subsequent amendments to this standard. This standard is effective for
annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The
Company does not expect adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial
statements.
5) Leases
A right-of-use asset of $64,497, short-term lease liability of $20,632 and long-term lease liability of $44,759
were reflected on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.
The elements of lease expense were as follows:
Twelve Months
Ended December 31,
2019
Lease cost:
Operating lease(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leases with a term less than 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total lease cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$23,176
4,305
$27,481
(1) Operating lease cost includes an immaterial amount of variable expenses and sublease rental income.
The weighted average discount rate and the weighted average remaining lease term were 3.8% and 4.9
years, respectively, for the period ended December 31, 2019. Operating cash flows used for operating leases for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 was $23,356.
In 2019, the Company sold two buildings in Boulder, Colorado, and three buildings in Portland, Oregon, as
part of sale and leaseback transactions, and will lease back the buildings over varying terms into 2021. Total net
cash proceeds received for these two transactions were $41,179 and the Company recognized a net gain on the
sale of these long-lived assets of $6,773.
Future lease payments under non-cancelable leases as of December 31, 2019 are detailed as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: imputed interest
Amount
$22,299
14,862
9,006
7,563
6,660
11,387
71,777
6,386
Total operating lease liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$65,391
79
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Amounts presented above do not include payments relating to immaterial leases excluded from the balance
sheet as part of transition elections adopted upon implementation of ASU 2016-02, as well as operating leases
with terms of less than twelve months. Additionally, we have excluded approximately $126,400 of lease
payments (undiscounted basis) that have not yet commenced. These leases commence in 2020 with lease terms
expected between 20 and 21 years.
Minimum lease payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2018, prior to adoption of ASU
2016-02 were as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount
$20,106
17,142
10,325
5,573
4,410
8,739
Total minimum lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$66,295
6) Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Contract assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $3,527 and $3,624, respectively, and included in
other current assets.
A rollforward of the Company’s deferred revenue and customer advances is as follows:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beginning balance, January 1(1)
Deferred revenue and customer advances assumed in ESI Merger . . . . .
Additions to deferred revenue and customer advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount of deferred revenue and customer advances recognized in
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$ 17,474
4,629
77,727
$ 27,800
—
73,171
income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(75,046)
(83,497)
Ending balance, December 31(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 24,784
$ 17,474
(1) Beginning deferred revenue and customer advances as of January 1, 2019 included $8,134 of current
deferred revenue, $3,228 of long-term deferred revenue and $6,112 of current customer advances.
(2) Ending deferred revenue and customer advances as of December 31, 2019 included $12,441 of current
deferred revenue, $3,290 of long-term deferred revenue and $9,053 of current customer advances.
80
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers:
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Vacuum &
Analysis
Light &
Motion
Equipment &
Solutions
Total
Net revenues:
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$819,078
171,445
$663,730
61,840
$128,489
55,191
$1,611,297
288,476
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$990,523
$725,570
$183,680
$1,899,773
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Vacuum &
Analysis
Light &
Motion
Equipment &
Solutions
Total
Net revenues:
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,080,343
180,519
$754,859
59,387
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,260,862
$814,246
$
$
—
—
—
$1,835,202
239,906
$2,075,108
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Vacuum &
Analysis
Light &
Motion
Equipment &
Solutions
Total
Net revenues:
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,047,639
159,818
$653,662
54,858
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,207,457
$708,520
$
$
—
—
—
$1,701,301
214,676
$1,915,977
Refer to Note 21 for revenue by reportable segment, geography and groupings of similar products.
7)
Investments
Investments classified as short-term consist of the following:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Available-for-sale investments:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bankers’ acceptance drafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asset-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. treasury obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 13,045
4,043
—
61,205
—
5,000
26,124
$
102
989
9,113
19,359
9,352
13,298
21,613
$109,417
$73,826
81
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Investments classified as long-term consist of the following:
Available-for-sale investments:
Group insurance contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$5,854
$ 5,890
Cost method investments:
Minority interest in a private company(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
—
4,400
$5,854
$10,290
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
(1) During 2019, the Company recognized $4,700 of impairment charges, which included an impairment of
$4,400 of a long-term cost method investment in a private company.
The following table shows the gross unrealized gains and (losses) aggregated by investment category for
available-for-sale investments:
As of December 31, 2019:
Short-term investments:
Available-for-sale investments:
. . . . . .
Time deposits and certificates of deposit
Bankers’ acceptance drafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. treasury obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
As of December 31, 2019:
Long-term investments:
Available-for-sale investments:
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Estimated
Fair Value
Cost
$ 13,045
4,043
61,498
4,999
26,123
$109,708
$ —
—
—
1
2
$
3
$ —
—
(293)
—
(1)
$(294)
$ 13,045
4,043
61,205
5,000
26,124
$109,417
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Estimated
Fair Value
Cost
Group insurance contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
5,261
$ 593
$ —
$
5,854
As of December 31, 2018:
Short-term investments:
Available-for-sale investments:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit
. . . . . .
Bankers’ acceptance drafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asset-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. treasury obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Estimated
Fair Value
Cost
$
102
989
9,121
19,504
9,367
13,294
21,617
$ 73,994
$ —
—
1
—
—
4
2
$
7
$ —
—
(9)
(145)
(15)
—
(6)
$(175)
$
102
989
9,113
19,359
9,352
13,298
21,613
$ 73,826
82
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
As of December 31, 2018:
Long-term investments:
Available-for-sale investments:
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Estimated
Fair Value
Cost
Group insurance contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$5,546
$344
$—
$5,890
The tables above, which show the gross unrealized gains and (losses) aggregated by investment category for
available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, reflect the inclusion within short-term
investments of investments with contractual maturities greater than one year from the date of purchase.
Management has the ability, if necessary, to liquidate any of its investments in order to meet the Company’s
liquidity needs in the next 12 months. Accordingly, those investments with contractual maturities greater than
one year from the date of purchase are classified as short-term on the accompanying balance sheets.
Interest income is accrued as earned. Dividend income is recognized as income on the date the security
trades “ex-dividend.” The cost of marketable securities sold is determined by the specific identification method
and realized gains or losses are reflected in income and were not material in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
8) Fair Value Measurements
In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that the
transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the
absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based
upon an exit price model.
The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to
maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets
are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to
provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities;
quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated
by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and
liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded
instruments or securities or derivative contracts that are valued using a pricing model with inputs that
are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market
data.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair
value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value
is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well
as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or
estimation.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value
hierarchy. In such cases, the Company categorizes such assets and liabilities based on the lowest level input that
83
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a
particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to
the asset.
Assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019,
are summarized as follows:
Description
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Time deposits and certificates of deposit . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. treasury obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricted cash – money market funds . . . .
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit . . .
Bankers’ acceptance drafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. treasury obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group insurance contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Derivatives – currency forward contracts . . . .
Derivatives – interest rate hedge - current . . . .
Funds in investments and other assets:
Israeli pension assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred compensation plan assets:
Mutual funds and exchange traded funds . . .
Money market securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liabilities:
Derivatives – currency forward contracts . . . .
Derivatives – interest rate hedge –
non-current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted
cash(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Long-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
December 31,
2019
$
288
2,190
42,559
2,700
17,071
333
13,045
4,043
61,205
5,000
26,124
5,854
1,074
843
16,713
2,002
485
$201,529
$
$
259
6,510
6,769
$ 65,141
109,417
1,917
$176,475
$
5,854
19,200
$ 25,054
$
$
259
6,510
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
288
—
—
—
—
333
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
621
—
—
—
621
—
—
621
—
—
—
—
—
$
—
2,190
42,559
2,700
17,071
—
13,045
4,043
61,205
5,000
26,124
5,854
1,074
843
16,713
2,002
485
$200,908
$
$
259
6,510
6,769
$ 64,520
109,417
1,917
$175,854
$
5,854
19,200
$ 25,054
$
$
259
6,510
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1) The cash and cash equivalent amounts presented in the table above does not include cash of $349,431 as of
December 31, 2019.
84
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018,
are summarized as follows:
Description
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
December 31,
2018
Money market funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Time deposits and certificates of deposit . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricted cash – money market funds . . . .
$180,340
850
2,687
3,418
110
$180,340
—
—
—
110
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit . . .
Bankers’ acceptance drafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asset-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. treasury obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group insurance contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Derivatives – currency forward contracts . . . .
Funds in investments and other assets:
Israeli pension assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Derivatives – interest rate hedge –
102
989
9,113
19,359
9,352
13,298
21,613
5,890
2,485
14,408
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$
—
850
2,687
3,418
—
102
989
9,113
19,359
9,352
13,298
21,613
5,890
2,485
14,408
non-current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6,083
$290,097
—
$180,450
6,083
$109,647
Liabilities:
Derivatives – currency forward contracts . .
$
1,168
$
—
$
1,168
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted
cash(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Long-term investments(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$187,405
73,826
2,485
$263,716
$
5,890
20,491
$ 26,381
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
1,168
$180,450
—
—
$180,450
$
$
$
—
—
—
—
$
6,955
73,826
2,485
$ 83,266
$
5,890
20,491
$ 26,381
$
1,168
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1) The cash and cash equivalent amounts presented in the table above do not include cash of $456,940 as of
December 31, 2018.
(2) The long-term investments presented in the table above do not include our minority interest investment in a
private company, which is accounted for under the cost method.
85
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Money Market Funds
Money market funds are cash and cash equivalents and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value
hierarchy.
Available-For-Sale Investments
As of December 31, 2019, available-for-sale investments consisted of time deposits and drafts denominated
in the Euro currency, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptance drafts, commercial paper, U.S. treasury
obligations, U.S. agency obligations and group insurance contracts.
The Company measures its debt and equity investments at fair value. The Company’s available-for-sale
investments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Israeli Pension Assets
Israeli pension assets represent investments in mutual funds, government securities and other time deposits.
These investments are set aside for the retirement benefit of the employees at the Company’s Israeli subsidiaries.
These funds are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivatives
As a result of the Company’s global operating activities, the Company is exposed to market risks from
changes in foreign currency exchange rates and variable interest rates, which may adversely affect its operating
results and financial position. When deemed appropriate, the Company minimizes its risks from foreign currency
exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations through the use of derivative financial instruments. The principal
market in which the Company executes its foreign currency contracts and interest rate swaps is the institutional
market in an over-the-counter environment with a relatively high level of price transparency. The market
participants usually are large commercial banks. The forward foreign currency exchange contracts and interest
rate hedge are valued using broker quotations, or market transactions and are classified within Level 2 of the fair
value hierarchy.
9) Derivatives
The Company enters into derivative instruments for risk management purposes only, including derivatives
designated as hedging instruments and those utilized as economic hedges. The Company operates internationally
and, in the normal course of business, is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates.
These fluctuations can increase the costs of financing, investing and operating the business. The Company has
used derivative instruments, such as forward foreign currency exchange contracts, to manage certain foreign
currency exposure, and interest rate swaps to manage interest rate exposure.
By nature, all financial instruments involve market and credit risks. The Company enters into derivative
instruments with major investment grade financial institutions, for which no collateral is required. The Company
has policies to monitor the credit risk of these counterparties. While there can be no assurance, the Company
does not anticipate any material non-performance by any of these counterparties.
86
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
On September 30, 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to fix the rate on
approximately 50% of its then-outstanding balance under the 2016 Term Loan Facility, as described further in
Note 15. This hedge fixes the interest rate paid on the hedged debt at 1.198% per annum plus the applicable
credit spread, which was 1.75% as of December 31, 2019, through September 30, 2020. At December 31, 2019,
the notional amount of this transaction was $250,000 and it had a fair value asset of $843. At December 31,
2018, the notional amount of this transaction was $290,000 and had a fair value asset of $6,083.
On April 3, 2019, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of
March 31, 2023, to fix the rate on $300,000 of the then-outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan
Facility, as described further in Note 15. The rate was fixed at 2.309% per annum plus the applicable credit
spread, which was 1.75% at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, the notional amount of this transaction
was $300,000 and had a fair value liability of $6,510.
The interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet and changes in the fair value are
recognized in OCI. To the extent that these arrangements are no longer an effective hedge, any ineffectiveness
measured in the hedging relationships is recorded currently in earnings in the period it occurs.
Foreign Exchange Contracts
The Company hedges a portion of its forecasted foreign currency-denominated intercompany sales of
inventory, over a maximum period of eighteen months, using forward foreign exchange contracts accounted for
as cash-flow hedges related to Japanese, South Korean, British, Euro and Taiwanese currencies. To the extent
these derivatives are effective in off-setting the variability of the hedged cash flows, and otherwise meet the
hedge accounting criteria, changes in the derivatives’ fair value are not included in current earnings but are
included in OCI in stockholders’ equity. These changes in fair value will subsequently be reclassified into
earnings, as applicable, when the forecasted transaction occurs. To the extent that a previously designated
hedging transaction is no longer an effective hedge, any ineffectiveness measured in the hedging relationship is
recorded currently in earnings in the period it occurs. The cash flows resulting from forward exchange contracts
are classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows as part of cash flows from operating activities. The
Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts with
gross notional values of $154,674 and $159,394, respectively. The following tables provide a summary of the
primary net hedging positions and corresponding fair values held as of December 31, 2019 and December 31,
2018:
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)
December 31, 2019
Gross Notional
Value
Fair Value(1)
U.S. Dollar/Japanese Yen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Dollar/South Korean Won . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Dollar/Euro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Dollar/U.K. Pound Sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Dollar/Taiwan Dollar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 45,899
51,733
15,670
8,279
33,093
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$154,674
$ 43
167
221
(166)
(450)
$(185)
87
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)
December 31, 2018
Gross Notional
Value
Fair Value(1)
U.S. Dollar/Japanese Yen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Dollar/South Korean Won . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Dollar/Euro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Dollar/U.K. Pound Sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Dollar/Taiwan Dollar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 43,770
59,149
23,515
11,827
21,133
$159,394
$ (478)
570
688
323
214
$1,317
(1) Represents the (payable) receivable amount included in the consolidated balance sheet.
The following table provides a summary of the fair value amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments:
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Derivative asset:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Forward exchange contracts(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign currency interest rate hedge(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 1,074
843
Derivative liability:
Forward exchange contracts(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign currency interest rate hedge(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1,259)
(6,510)
$ 2,485
6,083
(1,168)
—
Total net derivative (liability) asset designated as hedging
instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$(5,852)
$ 7,400
(1) The derivative asset of $1,074 and derivative liability of $1,259 related to the forward foreign exchange
contracts are classified in other current assets and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet
as of December 31, 2019. The derivative asset of $2,485 and derivative liability of $1,168 related to the
forward foreign exchange contracts are classified in other current assets and other current liabilities in the
consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. These forward foreign exchange contracts are subject
to a master netting agreement with one financial institution. However, the Company has elected to record
these contracts on a gross basis in the balance sheet.
(2) The foreign currency interest rate hedge asset of $843 is classified in other current assets in the consolidated
balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. The foreign currency interest rate hedge liability of $6,510 is classified in
other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. The foreign currency rate
hedge asset of $6,083 is classified in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.
The net amount of existing gains as of December 31, 2019 that is expected to be reclassified from OCI into
earnings within the next 12 months is immaterial.
The following table provides a summary of the (losses) gains on derivatives designated as cash flow
hedging instruments:
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Forward exchange contracts:
Net (loss) gain recognized in OCI, net of tax(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income(2) . . . . . . . . . . . .
$(10,013)
$ 5,658
$ 4,942
$(3,367)
$(4,568)
$(2,685)
(1) Net change in the fair value of the effective portion classified in OCI.
(2) Effective portion classified in cost of products.
88
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following table provides a summary of losses on derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging
instruments:
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Forward exchange contracts:
Net (loss) gain recognized in income(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$(1,314)
$105
$(3,416)
(1) The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge against changes in the balance sheet for
certain subsidiaries to mitigate the risk associated with certain foreign currency transactions in the ordinary
course of business. These derivatives are not designated as cash flow hedging instruments and gains or losses
from these derivatives are recorded immediately in other expense, net in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
10) Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
Raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Work-in-process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$288,771
79,367
94,008
$462,146
$235,593
61,908
87,188
$384,689
Inventory-related excess and obsolete charges of $24,734, $22,324 and $20,213 were recorded in cost of
products in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
11) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery and equipment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and fixtures, office equipment and software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$ 11,926
113,303
396,193
186,651
80,389
46,926
835,388
593,517
$ 11,448
104,023
330,821
149,145
66,569
44,823
706,829
512,462
$241,871
$194,367
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment totaled $42,632, $36,332 and $36,813 for the years ended
2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
89
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
12) Acquisitions and Dispositions
Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.
On February 1, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (“ESI”)
pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 29, 2018 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and
among the Company, EAS Equipment, Inc., formerly a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of
the Company, and ESI (the “ESI Merger”). At the effective time of the ESI Merger and pursuant to the terms and
conditions of the Merger Agreement, each share of ESI’s common stock that was issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the effective time of the ESI Merger was converted into the right to receive $30.00 in cash,
without interest and subject to deduction of any required withholding tax.
The aggregate consideration was $1,032,671, which excludes related transaction fees and expenses, and
non-cash consideration related to the exchange of share-based awards of $30,630, for a total purchase
consideration of $1,063,301. The Company funded the payment of the aggregate consideration with a
combination of the Company’s available cash on hand and the proceeds from the Company’s 2019 Incremental
Term Loan Facility, as defined and as described further in Note 15.
ESI provides laser-based manufacturing systems solutions for the micro-machining industry that enable
customers to optimize production. Its market is composed primarily of flexible and rigid PCB processing/
fabrication, semiconductor wafer processing and passive component manufacturing and testing. ESI solutions
incorporate specialized laser technology and proprietary control software to efficiently process the materials and
components that are an integral part of electronic devices and systems.
The purchase price of ESI consisted of the following:
Cash paid for outstanding shares(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Settlement of share-based compensation awards(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,032,671
30,630
Total purchase price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,063,301
(44,072)
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,019,229
(1) Represents cash paid of $30.00 per share for approximately 34,422,361 shares of ESI common stock,
without interest and subject to a deduction for any required withholding tax.
(2) Represents the vested but unissued portion of ESI share-based compensation awards as of the acquisition
date of February 1, 2019.
Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total estimated acquisition consideration is allocated to the
acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of ESI based on their fair values as of the
acquisition date. Any excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities
assumed is allocated to goodwill. The Company expects that none of such goodwill and intangible assets will be
deductible for tax purposes.
90
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the fair values assigned to assets
acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the ESI Merger:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current assets (excluding inventory)
Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goodwill
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property, plant and equipment
Long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-current deferred taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 208,009
81,696
316,200
473,951
65,489
9,633
1,154,978
51,479
33,039
7,159
Total liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91,677
Fair value of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,063,301
Less: Cash and cash equivalents acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(44,072)
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,019,229
The fair value write-up of acquired finished goods inventory was $7,624, the amount of which will be
expensed over the period during which the acquired inventory is sold. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the
Company recorded $7,624 of incremental cost of sales charges associated with the fair value write-up of
inventory acquired in the ESI Merger.
The fair value write-up of acquired property, plant and equipment of $39,267 will be amortized over the
estimated useful life of the applicable assets, excluding the fair value write-up in the value of land. Property,
plant and equipment is valued at its value-in-use, unless there was a known plan to dispose of the asset.
The acquired intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the
economic use of the asset.
The following table reflects the allocation of the acquired intangible assets and related estimate of useful
lives:
Completed technology - Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Completed technology -Non-Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trademarks and trade names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Backlog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12 years
10 years
7 years
10 years
1 year
$255,700
18,300
14,400
25,400
2,400
$316,200
While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process
to value the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, its estimates and assumptions are
subject to refinement. The net fair value of the acquired intangibles was determined using the income approach.
In performing these valuations, the key underlying judgments and assumptions used included the appropriate
91
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
discount rates as well as forecasted revenue growth rates and gross profit and operating margins. Fair value
estimates are based on a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on
estimates and assumptions. The judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of
assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company’s results of
operations. The finalization of the purchase accounting assessment will result in a change in the valuation of
assets acquired and liabilities assumed and may have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations
and financial position. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the
the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a
acquisition date,
corresponding offset to goodwill to reflect additional information received about facts and circumstances which
existed at the date of acquisition. The Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed
subsequent to the purchase price allocation period in the Company’s operating results in the period in which the
adjustments are determined. The size and breadth of the ESI Merger will necessitate the use of this measurement
period to adequately analyze and assess a number of the factors used in establishing the fair value of certain
tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date and the related tax
impacts of any changes made. The Company believes that the measurement period is complete at December 31,
2019.
The Company believes the amount of goodwill relative to identifiable intangible assets relates to several
factors,
including broadening its position in key industrial end markets to complementary solutions,
and leveraging component and systems expertise to provide robust solutions to meet customer evolving
technology needs.
The results of this acquisition were included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations
beginning on February 1, 2019. ESI constitutes the Company’s Equipment & Solutions reportable segment (see
Note 21).
Certain executives from ESI had severance provisions in their respective ESI employment agreements. The
agreements included terms that were accounted for as dual-trigger arrangements. Through the Company’s
acquisition accounting, the expense relating to these benefits was recognized in the combined entity’s financial
statements. The Company recorded costs of $2,701 and $14,023 in acquisition and integration costs as
compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense, respectively, for the year ended December 31,
2019 associated with these severance provisions. The restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights that
were eligible for accelerated vesting if the executive exercised his or her rights but were not issued as of each
reporting period-end, were excluded from the computation of basic earnings per share and included in the
computation of diluted earnings per share for such reporting period.
The Company’s consolidated net revenue and earnings for the year ended December 31, 2019 include the
following amounts of revenue and earnings of ESI since the acquisition date:
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net loss per share:
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
$183,680
$ (33,446)
$
$
(0.61)
(0.61)
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Pro Forma Results
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the
Company as if the ESI Merger had occurred on January 1, 2018. The unaudited pro forma financial information
is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations actually would
have been had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of each year. In addition, the unaudited pro forma
financial information does not attempt to project the future results of operations of the combined Company.
Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,914,561
$2,445,711
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 171,537
$ 424,778
Net income per share:
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
3.14
3.11
$
$
7.81
7.72
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
The unaudited pro forma financial information above gives effect primarily to the following:
(1)
Incremental amortization and depreciation expense related to the estimated fair value of identifiable
intangible assets and property, plant and equipment from the purchase price allocation.
(2) Revenue and cost of goods sold adjustments as a result of the reduction in deferred revenue and the
(3)
cost related to their estimated fair value.
Incremental interest expense related to the Company’s 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, as
defined in Note 15.
(4) The exclusion of acquisition costs and inventory step-up amortization for the year ended December 31,
2019 and the addition of these items to the year ended December 31, 2018.
(5) The estimated tax impact of the above adjustments.
Sale of Data Analytics Solutions
In April 2017, the Company completed the sale of its Data Analytics Solutions business for total proceeds of
$72,509, net of cash sold and recorded a gain of $74,856. This business, which had revenues in 2016 of $12,700
and was included in the Vacuum & Analysis segment, was no longer a part of the Company’s long-term strategic
objectives.
The business did not qualify as a discontinued operation as this sale did not represent a strategic shift in the
Company’s business, nor did the sale have a major effect on the Company’s operations. Therefore, the results of
operations for all periods are included in the Company’s income from operations. The assets and liabilities of this
business have not been reclassified or segregated in the consolidated balance sheet or consolidated statements of
cash flows as the amounts were immaterial.
13) Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The Company’s methodology for allocating the purchase price relating to purchase acquisitions is
determined through established and generally accepted valuation techniques. Goodwill is measured as the excess
93
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
of the cost of the acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets
acquired less liabilities assumed. The Company assigns assets acquired (including goodwill) and liabilities
assumed to one or more reporting units as of the date of acquisition. Typically acquisitions relate to a single
reporting unit and thus do not require the allocation of goodwill to multiple reporting units. If the products
obtained in an acquisition are assigned to multiple reporting units, the goodwill is distributed to the respective
reporting units as part of the purchase price allocation process.
Goodwill and purchased intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are reviewed for
impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The process of evaluating the
potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets requires significant judgment. The Company regularly
monitors current business conditions and other factors including, but not limited to, adverse industry or economic
trends, restructuring actions and lower projections of profitability that may impact future operating results.
Effective July 1, 2018, the Company reassigned goodwill to certain reporting units within the Light &
Motion reportable segment resulting from a reorganization of the composition of reporting units. The goodwill
was reassigned to the reporting units affected using the relative fair value approach. In conjunction with this
goodwill reassignment, the Company performed an interim quantitative impairment test as of July 1, 2018 for all
of its reporting units and concluded that the fair values of each reporting unit exceeded their respective carrying
values.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company reassigned goodwill to certain reporting units within the Light &
Motion reportable segment resulting from a reorganization of the composition of goodwill reporting units. The
goodwill was reassigned to the reporting units affected using the relative fair value approach. The Company also
concluded that the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its respective carrying value.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and accumulated impairment losses were as follows:
2019
2018
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Impairment
Loss
Net
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Impairment
Loss
Net
Beginning balance at January 1 . .
Acquired goodwill(1) . . . . . . . .
Foreign currency translation . . .
$ 731,272
473,951
(2,493)
$(144,276) $ 586,996
473,951
(2,493)
—
—
$735,323
—
(4,051)
$(144,276) $591,047
—
(4,051)
—
—
Ending balance at December 31 . .
$1,202,730
$(144,276) $1,058,454
$731,272
$(144,276) $586,996
(1) During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $473,951 of goodwill related
to the ESI Merger.
94
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Intangible Assets
Components of the Company’s acquired intangible assets are comprised of the following:
As of December 31, 2019
Completed technology(1) . . . . . .
Customer relationships(1) . . . . . .
Patents, trademarks, trade names
and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross
$446,431
308,144
Accumulated
Impairment
Charges
$ (105)
(1,406)
Accumulated
Amortization
$(178,310)
(84,167)
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Net
$ (208)
(1,361)
$267,808
221,210
120,895
—
(45,505)
222
75,612
$875,470
$(1,511)
$(307,982)
$(1,347)
$564,630
(1) During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $316,200 of separately
identified intangible assets related to the ESI Merger, of which $274,000 was completed technology,
$25,400 was customer relationships and $16,800 was trademarks, trade names and backlog. Separately, on
January 1, 2019, the Company reclassified $6,428 of gross favorable lease assets and $3,445 of related
accumulated amortization from patents, trademarks, trade names and other to the right-of-use asset line in
the balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2018
Completed technology . . . . . . . .
Customer relationships . . . . . . . .
Patents, trademarks, trade names
and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross
$172,431
282,744
Accumulated
Impairment
Charges
$ (105)
(1,406)
Accumulated
Amortization
$(137,283)
(63,788)
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Net
$ (73)
(269)
$ 34,970
217,281
110,523
—
(42,954)
(13)
67,556
$565,698
$(1,511)
$(244,025)
$(355)
$319,807
Aggregate amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 was
$67,402, $43,521 and $45,743, respectively. The amortization expense in 2019, 2018 and 2017 is net of $0, $885
and $811, respectively, of amortization income from unfavorable lease commitments. Aggregate net amortization
expense related to acquired intangible assets for future years is:
Year
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount
$ 55,808
47,720
45,254
44,902
43,985
$271,061
The Company excluded $55,900 of indefinite-lived trademarks and tradenames that were not subject to
amortization from the table above.
95
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
14) Product Warranties
The Company provides for the estimated costs to fulfill customer warranty obligations upon the recognition
of the related revenue. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes,
including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component suppliers, the Company’s warranty
obligation is affected by shipment volume, product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage and supplier
warranties on parts delivered to the Company. Should actual product failure rates, utilization levels, material
usage, or supplier warranties on parts differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty
liability would be required.
Product warranty activities were as follows:
Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed product warranty liability from ESI Merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision for product warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Direct and other charges to warranty liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 10,399
7,177
17,397
(20,100)
Ending balance(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 14,873
$ 10,104
—
15,987
(15,692)
$ 10,399
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
(1) Short-term product warranty of $12,085 and long-term product warranty of $2,788, each as of December 31,
2019, are included within other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities, respectively, within the
accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Short-term product warranty of $9,986 and long-term product
warranty of $413 as of December 31, 2018, are included within other current
liabilities and other
non-current liabilities, respectively, within the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
15) Debt
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Facility
In connection with the completion of the acquisition of Newport Corporation (“Newport”) in 2016 (the
“Newport Merger”),
the Company entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “Term Loan Credit
Agreement”) with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders from time to
time party thereto (the “Lenders”), that provided a senior secured term loan credit facility in the original principal
amount of $780,000 (the “2016 Term Loan Facility”), subject to increase at the Company’s option and subject to
receipt of lender commitments in accordance with the Term Loan Credit Agreement (the 2016 Term Loan
Facility, together with the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility and 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility (each
as defined below), the “Term Loan Facility”). Prior to the effectiveness of Amendment No. 6 (as defined below),
the 2016 Term Loan Facility had a maturity date of April 29, 2023. As of December 31, 2019, borrowings under
the Term Loan Facility bear interest per annum at one of the following rates selected by the Company: (a) a base
rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the “prime rate”
quoted in The Wall Street Journal, (3) a London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) rate determined by reference to
the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for an interest period of one month adjusted for certain additional costs,
plus 1.00%, and (4) a floor of 1.75%, plus, in each case, an applicable margin; or (b) a LIBOR rate determined by
reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted
for certain additional costs, subject to a LIBOR rate floor of 0.0%, plus an applicable margin. The Company has
elected the interest rate as described in clause (b) of the foregoing sentence. The Term Loan Credit Agreement
provides that, unless an alternate rate of interest is agreed, all loans will be determined by reference to the base
96
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
rate if the LIBOR rate cannot be ascertained, if regulators impose material restrictions on the authority of a
lender to make LIBOR rate loans, or for other reasons. The 2016 Term Loan Facility was issued with original
issue discount of 1.00% of the principal amount thereof.
The Company subsequently entered into four separate repricing amendments to the 2016 Term Loan
Facility, which decreased the applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings from 4.0% to 1.75%, with a LIBOR rate
floor of 0.75%. As a consequence of the pricing of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility (defined below), the
applicable margin for the 2016 Term Loan Facility was increased to 2.00% (from 1.75%) with respect to LIBOR
borrowings and 1.00% (from 0.75%) with respect to base rate borrowings.
On September 30, 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity
date of September 30, 2020, to fix the rate on $335,000 of the then-outstanding balance of the 2016 Term Loan
Facility. The rate was fixed at 1.198% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% at
December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, the notional amount of this transaction was $250,000 and it had a
fair value asset of $843.
The Company incurred $28,747 of deferred finance fees, original issue discount and repricing fees related to
the term loans under the 2016 Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans
using the effective interest method.
tranche B-5 term loan commitment
On February 1, 2019, in connection with the completion of the ESI Merger, the Company entered into an
amendment (“Amendment No. 5”) to the Term Loan Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 5 provided an
additional
in the original principal amount of $650,000 (the “2019
Incremental Term Loan Facility”), all of which was drawn down in connection with the closing of the ESI
Merger. Pursuant to Amendment No. 5, the Company also effectuated certain amendments to the Term Loan
Credit Agreement which make certain of the negative covenants and other provisions less restrictive. Prior to the
effectiveness of Amendment No. 6 (as defined below), the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility had a maturity
date of February 1, 2026 and bore interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, a base rate or
LIBOR rate (as described above) plus, in each case, an applicable margin equal to 1.25% with respect to base
rate borrowings and 2.25% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility was
issued with original issue discount of 1.00% of the principal amount thereof.
On April 3, 2019, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of
March 31, 2023, to fix the rate on $300,000 of the then-outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan
Facility. The rate was fixed at 2.309% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% at
December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, the notional amount of this transaction was $300,000 and it had a
fair value liability of $6,510.
The Company incurred $11,362 of deferred finance fees and original issue discount fees related to the term
loans under the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans
using the effective interest method.
On September 27, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 6”) to the Term Loan
Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 6 refinanced all existing loans outstanding under the 2016 Term Loan
Facility and 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility (“Existing Term Loans”) for a tranche B-6 term loan
97
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
commitment in the original principal amount of $896,839 (“2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility”). Each lender
of the Existing Term Loans that elected to participate in the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility was deemed to
have exchanged the aggregate outstanding principal amount of its Existing Term Loans for an equal aggregate
principal amount of tranche B-6 term loans under the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility. On the effective
date of Amendment No. 6 and immediately prior to the exchanges described above, the Company made a
voluntary prepayment of $50,000, which was applied to the Existing Term Loans on a pro rata basis.
The Company incurred $2,242 of original issue discount fees related to the term loans under the 2019 Term
Loan Refinancing Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective
interest method.
As of December 31, 2019, the remaining balance of deferred finance fees and original issue discount of the Term
Loan Facility was $11,810. A portion of the deferred finance fees and original issue discount have been accelerated in
connection with the various debt prepayments and extinguishments during 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019.
The 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility matures on February 2, 2026, and bears interest at a rate per
annum equal to, at the Company’s option, a base rate or LIBOR rate (as described above) plus, in each case, an
applicable margin equal to 0.75% with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.75% with respect to LIBOR
borrowings. The 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility was issued with original issue discount of 0.25% of the
principal amount thereof.
The Company is required to make scheduled quarterly payments each equal to 0.25% of the original
principal amount of the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility with the balance due on February 2, 2026. If, on or
prior to the date that is six months after the closing date of Amendment No. 6, the Company prepays any loans
under the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility in connection with a repricing transaction, the Company must
pay a prepayment premium of 1.00% of the aggregate principal amount of the loans so prepaid.
As of December 31, 2019, after total principal prepayments of $525,000 and regularly scheduled principal
payments of $12,646, the total outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility was $892,354 and the
interest rate was 3.45%.
Under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the Company is required to prepay outstanding term loans, subject
to certain exceptions, with portions of its annual excess cash flow as well as with the net cash proceeds of certain
of its asset sales, certain casualty and condemnation events and the incurrence or issuance of certain debt. As a
result of prepayments of term loan debt of $100,000 during 2019, the Company was not required to make a
prepayment of excess cash flow for the period ended December 31, 2019.
All obligations under the Term Loan Facility are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic
subsidiaries and are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of such subsidiaries,
subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.
The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and
negative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under
the Term Loan Facility will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under
the Term Loan Facility and all actions generally permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. At December 31,
2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Term Loan Credit Agreement.
98
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Senior Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility
On February 1, 2019, in connection with the completion of the ESI Merger, the Company entered into an
asset-based revolving credit agreement with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, the
other borrowers from time to time party thereto, and the lenders and letters of credit issuers from time to time
party thereto (the “ABL Credit Agreement”), that provides a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility
of up to $100,000, subject to a borrowing base limitation (the “ABL Facility”). On April 26, 2019, the Company
entered into a First Amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement which amended the borrowing base calculation for
eligible inventory prior to an initial field examination and appraisal requirements. The borrowing base for the
ABL Facility at any time equals the sum of: (a) 85% of certain eligible accounts; plus (b) prior to certain notice
and field examination and appraisal requirements, the lesser of (i) 20% of net book value of eligible inventory in
the United States and (ii) 30% of the borrowing base, and after the satisfaction of such requirements, the lesser of
(i) the lesser of (A) 65% of the lower of cost or market value of certain eligible inventory and (B) 85% of the net
orderly liquidation value of certain eligible inventory and (ii) 30% of the borrowing base; minus (c) reserves
established by the administrative agent,
limitations and examination
in each case, subject
requirements for eligible accounts and eligible inventory acquired in an acquisition after February 1, 2019. The
ABL Facility includes borrowing capacity in the form of letters of credit up to $25,000.
to additional
Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, any
of the following, plus, in each case, an applicable margin: (a) a base rate determined by reference to the highest
of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the “prime rate” quoted in The Wall Street Journal, (3) a
LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for an interest period of one
month adjusted for certain additional costs, plus 1.00% and (4) a floor of 0.00%; and (b) a LIBOR rate
determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such
borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, with a floor of 0.00%. The initial applicable margin for
borrowings under the ABL Facility is 0.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.50% with respect to
LIBOR borrowings. Commencing with the completion of the first fiscal quarter ending after the closing of the
ABL Facility, the applicable margin for borrowings thereunder is subject to upward or downward adjustment
each fiscal quarter, based on the average historical excess availability during the preceding quarter.
In addition to paying interest on any outstanding principal under the ABL Facility, the Company is required
to pay a commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder equal to 0.25% per annum. The
Company must also pay customary letter of credit fees and agency fees.
The Company incurred $785 of costs in connection with the ABL Facility, which were capitalized and
included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized to interest
expense over the contractual term of five years of the ABL Facility. As a result of a prior asset-based revolving
credit facility being terminated concurrently with our entry into the ABL Facility, the Company wrote off $216
of previously capitalized debt issuance costs.
If at any time the aggregate amount of outstanding loans, protective advances, unreimbursed letter of credit
drawings and undrawn letters of credit under the ABL Facility exceeds the lesser of (a) the commitment amount
and (b) the borrowing base, we are required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit,
with no reduction of the commitment amount. During any period that the amount available under the ABL
Facility is less than the greater of (i) $8,500 and (ii) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and
(2) the borrowing base for three consecutive business days, until the time when excess availability has been at
least the greater of (i) $8,500 and (ii) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and (2) the borrowing
base, in each case, for 30 consecutive calendar days (a “Cash Dominion Period”), or during the continuance of an
99
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
event of default, the Company is required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit
with the cash that it is required to deposit daily in a collection account maintained with the administrative agent
under the ABL Facility. During a Cash Dominion Period, the Company may make borrowings under the ABL
Facility subject to the satisfaction of customary funding conditions.
There is no scheduled amortization under the ABL Facility. The principal amount outstanding under the
ABL Facility is due and payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing date.
All obligations under the ABL Facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries and are
collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain
exceptions and exclusions.
From the time when the Company has excess availability less than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the lesser of
(1) the commitment amount and (2) the borrowing base and (b) $8,500, until the time when the Company has
excess availability equal to or greater than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount
and (2) the borrowing base and (b) $8,500 for 30 consecutive days, or during the continuance of an event of
default, the ABL Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as
defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter of at least 1.0 to 1.0.
The ABL Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and
provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the ABL Facility will be
entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the ABL Facility and all actions
permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. The Company has not borrowed against this ABL Facility to date.
Lines of Credit and Short-Term Borrowing Arrangements
One of the Company’s Japanese subsidiaries has lines of credit and short-term borrowing arrangements with
two financial institutions, which arrangements generally expire and are renewed at three-month intervals. The
lines of credit provided for aggregate borrowings as of December 31, 2019 of up to an equivalent of $21,126 U.S.
dollars. One of the borrowing arrangements has an interest rate based on the Tokyo Interbank Offer Rate at the
time of borrowing and the other has an interest rate based on the Japanese Short-Term Prime Lending Rate.
There were no borrowings outstanding under these arrangements at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
The Company assumed various revolving lines of credit and a financing facility with the completion of the
Newport Merger. These revolving lines of credit and financing facility have no expiration date and provided for
aggregate borrowings as of December 31, 2019 of up to an equivalent of $11,482 U.S. dollars. These lines of
credit have a base interest rate of 1.25% plus a Japanese Yen overnight LIBOR rate. Total borrowings
outstanding under these arrangements were $3,131 and $3,389 at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Short-term debt:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Japanese lines of credit
Japanese receivables financing facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other debt
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Term Loan Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
$ 2,558
573
—
8,968
$12,099
$2,724
665
597
—
$3,986
100
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Long-term debt:
Other debt
Term Loan Facility, net(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
$
94
871,573
$871,667
$
86
343,756
$343,842
(1) Net of deferred financing fees, original issuance discount and re-pricing fee in the aggregate of $11,810 and
$4,708 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The Company recognized interest expense of $44,135, $16,942 and $30,990 for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Contractual maturities of the Company’s debt obligations as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:
Year
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount
$ 12,099
9,062
8,968
8,968
8,968
847,511
16) Income Taxes
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Act”), which was enacted on December 22, 2017, reduced the U.S. federal
corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, required companies to pay a one-time transition
tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and created new taxes on certain
foreign sourced earnings. The Company applied SAB 118 when accounting for the enactment effects of the Act.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed and recorded the impacts of the Act based
on its understanding and interpretation of the regulatory guidance issued.
101
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
A reconciliation of the Company’s effective tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory rate is as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
U.S. Federal income tax statutory rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State income taxes, net of federal benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effect of foreign operations taxed at various rates . . . . . . . . . .
Qualified production activity tax benefit
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Executive compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on intercompany sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Benefit of a capital loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign derived intangible income deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Global intangible low taxed income, net of foreign tax
credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transition tax, net of foreign tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revaluation of deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revaluation of prepaid taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Release of income tax reserves (including interest) . . . . . . . . .
Foreign dividends, net of foreign tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2019
21.0%
(2.9)
2.3
(4.4)
—
5.8
2.9
(1.2)
(3.8)
2.6
—
(1.4)
—
(0.3)
0.1
(0.8)
0.6
0.6
2018
21.0%
(0.7)
1.3
(1.3)
—
—
—
—
(2.1)
0.4
(0.1)
(0.3)
1.6
(1.3)
—
(0.4)
(1.0)
1.2
2017
35.0%
(0.7)
1.0
(12.1)
(1.4)
—
—
—
—
—
6.4
(5.0)
—
(2.5)
(0.1)
(0.4)
3.3
0.7
21.1%
18.3%
24.2%
The effective tax rate for 2019 includes a correction of an out of period error with respect to deferred tax
assets related to limitations on the deduction of executive compensation in the amount of $5,023. This correction,
which should have been recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2018, increased the Company’s
effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 by approximately 2.8%.
102
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The components of income from operations before income taxes and the related provision for income taxes
consist of the following:
Income before income taxes:
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current taxes:
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred taxes:
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
$
2,279
175,557
$287,309
193,641
$224,979
222,646
$177,836
$480,950
$447,625
$
6,790
2,068
32,807
41,665
$ 41,428
8,094
57,920
$ 77,023
6,149
30,152
107,442
113,324
(1,743)
(2,472)
(4,215)
(2,533)
(16,855)
(19,388)
(16,250)
11,419
(4,831)
Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 37,450
$ 88,054
$108,493
The significant components of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Deferred tax assets:
Carry-forward losses and credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventory and warranty reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued expenses and other reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Executive supplemental retirement benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrealized net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 59,189
29,661
12,607
8,580
1,556
15,284
2,741
2,347
$ 23,675
17,945
10,260
5,351
5,972
—
—
2,396
Total deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 131,965
$ 65,599
Deferred tax liabilities:
Acquired intangible assets and goodwill
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Right-of-use asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign withholding taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrealized net gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$(128,144)
(14,072)
(2,317)
(14,415)
(5,008)
—
$(74,120)
(8,332)
(1,108)
—
(3,176)
(1,952)
Total deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(163,956)
(88,688)
Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(27,360)
(17,936)
Net deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ (59,351)
$(41,025)
103
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Due to the reduction in U.S. federal statutory tax rate from the enactment of the Act, the Company recorded
a provisional adjustment reducing its net deferred tax liabilities by $22,345 as of December 31, 2017. This
provisional adjustment was finalized during the year ended December 31, 2018 and an additional tax provision of
$2,614 was recorded.
As of December 31, 2019, the Company had federal, state and foreign gross research and other tax credit
carry-forwards of $64,983. Included in the total carry-forward are $14,230 of credits that can be carried forward
indefinitely and the remaining credits expire at various dates through 2037. The Company also had federal, state
and foreign gross net operating loss and capital loss carry-forwards of $98,280. Included in the total carry-
forward are $57,588 of losses that can be carried forward indefinitely while the remaining losses expire at
various dates through 2037.
Although the Company believes that its tax positions are consistent with applicable U.S. federal, state and
international laws, it maintains certain tax reserves as of December 31, 2019 in the event its tax positions were to
be challenged by the applicable tax authority and additional tax assessed upon audit.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Increases for prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Increases for the current year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reductions related to expiration of statutes of limitations and audit
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
$32,684
9,324
3,219
$27,345
934
6,091
$25,465
640
4,340
settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1,734)
(1,686)
(3,100)
Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$43,493
$32,684
$27,345
As of December 31, 2019, the total gross unrecognized tax benefits, which excludes interest and penalties,
was $43,493. As of December 31, 2018, the total gross unrecognized tax benefits, which excludes interest and
penalties, was $32,684. The net
increase was primarily attributable to the addition of historical gross
unrecognized tax benefits for ESI as a result of the ESI Merger during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
The Company accrues interest and, if applicable, penalties for any uncertain tax positions. Interest and
penalties are classified as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the
Company had accrued interest on unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $527, $568 and $327, respectively.
Over the next 12 months it is reasonably possible that the Company may recognize $1,463 of previously net
unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, related to various U.S. federal, state and foreign tax
positions primarily due to the expiration of statutes of limitations.
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to examination by U.S. federal, state and foreign tax
authorities. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service commenced an examination of the Company’s U.S. federal
income tax filings for tax years 2015 and 2016 during the quarter ended September 30, 2017. This audit was
effectively settled during the quarter ended March 31, 2018, and the impact was not material. Also, during the
quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company received notification from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service of
their intent to audit its U.S. subsidiary, Newport, for the tax year 2015. This audit commenced during the quarter
104
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
ended June 30, 2018 and was effectively settled during the quarter ended June 30, 2019, with a no change result.
The U.S. statute of limitations remains open for tax years 2016 through the present. The statute of limitations for
the Company’s tax filings in other jurisdictions varies between fiscal years 2014 through present. The Company
has certain federal credit carry-forwards and state tax loss and credit carry-forwards that are open to examination
for tax years 2000 through the present.
On a quarterly basis,
the Company evaluates both positive and negative evidence that affects the
realizability of net deferred tax assets and assesses the need for a valuation allowance. The future benefit to be
derived from its deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income to
realize the assets.
During 2019, the Company increased its valuation allowance by $9,424. This increase was primarily
attributable to the addition of historical valuation allowances for ESI and its subsidiaries which were included as
a result of the ESI Merger during the quarter ended March 31, 2019. During 2018, the Company increased its
valuation allowance by $4,307, primarily related to certain tax credit and net operating loss carry-forward
amounts. During 2017, the Company increased its valuation allowance by $1,102, primarily related to certain
state tax credits.
No provision has been made for deferred taxes related to remaining historical outside basis differences in
certain of the Company’s non-US subsidiaries. The Company continues to assert indefinite reinvestment in these
outside basis differences generated on or before December 31, 2019. Determination of the amount of
unrecognized deferred tax liability on outside basis differences is not practicable because the amount of such
liability, if any, is dependent upon circumstances existing and tax planning choices available when a transaction
using outside basis occurs.
Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have obtained tax rate reductions or tax holidays under incentive
programs offered under government programs. A Singapore subsidiary of ESI obtained a tax holiday in
Singapore. The benefits of the holiday were approximately $2.2 million ($0.04 per share) in 2019. The tax
holiday in Singapore is expected to expire at the end of June 2021.
17) Stock-Based Compensation
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
The 2014 ESPP Plan was adopted by the Board of Directors on February 10, 2014 and approved by the
Company’s stockholders on May 5, 2014. The 2014 ESPP Plan authorizes the issuance of up to an aggregate of
2,500,000 shares of common stock to participating employees. Offerings under the 2014 ESPP Plan commence
on June 1 and December 1 and terminate, respectively, on November 30 and May 31. Historically, under the
2014 ESPP Plan, eligible employees could purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions of up to
10% of their compensation or up to an annual maximum amount of $21,250. The price at which an employee’s
purchase option was exercised for each offering period was the lower of (1) 85% of the closing price of the
common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the day that each offering commences, or (2) 85% of the
closing price on the day that the offering terminated. On January 31, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the
Board of Directors approved an increase in the exercise price to the lower of (1) 90% of the closing price on the
common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the day that each offering commences, or (2) 90% of the
closing price on the day that the offering terminates. The increase in the exercise price became effective for the
offering commencing on June 1, 2017. As a result of this change, the annual maximum payroll deduction was
increased from $21,250 to $22,500. During 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Company issued 126,407, 105,672, and
105
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
105,506 shares, respectively, of common stock to employees who participated in the 2014 ESPP Plan at exercise
prices of $64.31 and $63.78 per share in 2019, $84.11 and $70.61 per share in 2018, and $46.37 and $74.12 per
share in 2017. As of December 31, 2019, there were 1,800,324 shares reserved for future issuance under the 2014
ESPP Plan.
Equity Incentive Plans
The Company grants restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees and directors under the 2014 Stock
Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). The 2014 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the
Company’s Board of Directors. The 2014 Plan is intended to attract and retain employees and directors, and to
provide an incentive for these individuals to assist the Company to achieve long-range performance goals and to
enable these individuals to participate in the long-term growth of the Company.
The 2014 Plan was adopted by the Board of Directors on February 10, 2014 and was approved by the
Company’s stockholders on May 5, 2014. Up to 18,000,000 shares of common stock (subject to adjustment in the
event of stock splits and other similar events) may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2014 Plan. The
Company may grant options, RSUs, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and other stock-based
awards to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors under the 2014 Plan. Any full-value awards
granted under the 2014 Plan will be counted against the shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan as 2.4
shares for each share of common stock subject to such award and any award granted under the 2014 Plan that is
not a full-value award (including, without limitation, any option or SAR) will be counted against the shares
reserved for issuance under the plan as one share for each one share of common stock subject to such award.
“Full-value award” means any RSU, or other stock-based award with a per share price or per unit purchase price
lower than 100% of fair market value on the date of grant. To the extent a share that was subject to an award that
counted as one share is returned to the 2014 Plan, each applicable share reserve will be credited with one share.
To the extent that a share that was subject to an award that counts as 2.4 shares is returned to the 2014 Plan, each
applicable share reserve will be credited with 2.4 shares. As of December 31, 2019, there were 13,268,546 shares
reserved for future issuance under the 2014 Plan.
Time-based RSUs granted to employees in 2019, 2018 and 2017 generally vest 33% per year beginning on the
first anniversary of the date of grant. Performance-based RSUs granted to the Company’s executive officers in
2019, 2018 and 2017 were based on the Company’s achievement of non-GAAP cash flows from operations for the
relevant year, defined as GAAP net income plus depreciation, amortization and non-cash stock-based compensation
and excluding any charges or income not related to the operating performance of the Company, set at varying
revenue levels. The final number of performance-based RSUs that vest vary based on the level of performance
achieved from 0% to 150% of the underlying target shares. The performance-based RSUs earned will vest 33% per
year beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant. RSUs granted to certain employees who meet certain
retirement eligibility requirements will vest in full upon each such employee’s retirement and are expensed
immediately. RSUs granted to directors generally vest at the earliest of (1) one day prior to the next annual meeting,
(2) 13 months from date of grant, or (3) the effective date of a change in control of the Company.
In connection with the completion of the Newport Merger, the Company assumed:
• all RSUs granted under any Newport equity plan that were outstanding immediately prior to the effective
time of the Newport Merger, and as to which shares of Newport common stock were not fully distributed
in connection with the closing of the Newport Merger (the “Newport RSUs”), and
• all SARs granted under any Newport equity plan, whether vested or unvested, that were outstanding
immediately prior to the effective time of the Newport Merger (the “Newport SARs”).
106
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
As of the effective time of the Newport Merger, based on a formula provided in the Newport Merger
Agreement, (a) the Newport RSUs were converted automatically into RSUs with respect to 360,674 shares of the
Company’s common stock (the “Newport Assumed RSUs”), and (b) the Newport SARs were converted
automatically into SARs with respect to 899,851 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Newport
Assumed SARs”).
Included in the total number of Newport Assumed RSUs were 36,599 RSUs for outside directors that were
part of the Newport Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Newport DC Plan”), from which 5,515 shares were
released in May 2017, 5,561 shares were released in May 2018 and 967 shares were released in May 2019. As of
December 31, 2019, 5,794 Company RSUs remained outstanding under the Newport DC Plan, and an additional
57 shares of the Company’s common stock were added to the Newport DC Plan due to reinvested dividends. As
of December 31, 2018, 6,694 Company RSUs remained outstanding under the Newport DC Plan, and an
additional 66 shares of the Company’s common stock were added to the Newport DC Plan due to reinvested
dividends. As of December 31, 2017, 12,134 Company RSUs remained outstanding under the Newport DC Plan,
and an additional 122 shares of the Company’s common stock were added to the Newport DC Plan due to
reinvested dividends. These Newport Assumed RSUs will not become issued shares until their respective release
dates.
The shares of the Company’s common stock that are subject to the Newport Assumed SARs and the
Newport Assumed RSUs are issuable pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Plan.
The 1,260,525 shares of the Company’s common stock that are issuable pursuant to the Newport Assumed
RSUs and the Newport Assumed SARs under the 2014 Plan were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (“Securities Act”), on a registration statement on Form S-8. These shares are in addition to the
18,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan and previously
registered under the Securities Act on a registration statement on Form S-8.
In connection with the completion of the ESI Merger, the Company assumed:
• all RSUs that vest based solely on the satisfaction of service conditions, granted under any ESI equity
plan, arrangement or agreement (“ESI Plan”) that were outstanding immediately prior to the effective
time of the ESI Merger, and as to which shares of ESI common stock were not fully distributed in
connection with the closing of the ESI Merger (“ESI Time-Based RSUs”),
• all RSUs that were granted subject to vesting based on both the achievement of performance goals and the
satisfaction of service conditions granted under any ESI Plan that were outstanding immediately prior to
the effective time of the ESI Merger (“ESI Performance-Based RSUs and collectively with the ESI Time-
Based RSUs, the “ESI RSUs”), and
• all SARs granted under any ESI Plan, whether vested or unvested, that were outstanding immediately
prior to the effective time of the ESI Merger and held by an individual who was a service provider of ESI
as of the date on which the effective time of the ESI Merger occurred (the “ESI SARs”).
As of the effective time of the ESI Merger, based on a formula in the ESI Merger Agreement, (a) such ESI
RSUs were converted automatically into RSUs with respect to 736,133 shares of the Company’s common stock
(the “ESI Assumed RSUs”), and (b) such ESI SARs were converted automatically into SARs with respect to
12,787 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “ESI Assumed SARs”).
107
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Included in the total number of ESI Assumed RSUs are 326,283 shares of the Company’s common stock for
employees and outside directors that are part of the ESI Deferred Compensation plan (the “ESI DC Plan”). These
shares will not become issued shares until their respective release dates. As of December 31, 2019, 327,328
Company RSUs remained outstanding under the ESI DC Plan, and an additional 3,086 shares of the Company’s
common stock were added to the ESI DC Plan due to reinvested dividends.
The 748,920 shares of the Company’s common stock that are issuable pursuant to the ESI Assumed RSUs
and the ESI Assumed SARs under the 2014 Plan were registered under the Securities Act on a registration
statement on Form S-8. These shares are in addition to the 18,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock
reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan and the 1,260,525 shares of the Company’s common stock that were
issuable in connection with the Newport Merger, all of which shares were previously registered under the
Securities Act on a registration statement on Form S-8.
The following table presents the activity for RSUs under the Plans:
Year Ended December 31, 2019
RSUs — beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed from ESI Merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued dividend shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forfeited or expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RSUs
647,394
736,133
5,222
434,970
(577,688)
(143,498)
RSUs — end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,102,533
The following table presents the activity for SARs under the Plans:
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
$74.04
$84.10
$85.67
$87.11
$70.27
$89.55
$85.93
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Outstanding and
Exercisable
SARs
Weighted Average
Base Value
SARs — beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed from ESI Merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forfeited or expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SARs Outstanding — end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
177,538
12,787
(77,473)
(3,998)
108,854
$28.52
$17.38
$26.29
$23.00
$29.05
At December 31, 2019, the Company’s outstanding and exercisable SARs, the weighted-average base value,
the weighted average remaining contractual life and the aggregate intrinsic value thereof, were as follows:
Number
of Shares
Weighted Average
Base Value
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(years)
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value
SARs outstanding and
exercisable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108,854
$29.05
1.6
$8,813
108
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The Company settles employee RSU vesting and SARs exercises with newly issued shares of the
Company’s common stock.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Company recognized the full impact of its share-based payment plans in the consolidated statements of
operations and comprehensive income for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017. As of December 31, 2019, the
Company capitalized $1,595 of such cost on its consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2018, and 2017,
the Company capitalized $471 of such cost on its consolidated balance sheet. The following table reflects the
effect of recording stock-based compensation for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Stock-based compensation expense by type of award:
RSUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SARs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employee stock purchase plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Windfall tax effect on stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$47,005
73
2,116
$49,194
(2,244)
$24,883
98
2,281
$ 22,428
529
1,421
27,262
(8,277)
24,378
(11,071)
Net effect on net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$46,950
$18,985
$ 13,307
Effect on net earnings per share:
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
0.86
0.85
$
$
0.35
0.35
$
$
0.25
0.24
The pre-tax effect within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income of recording
stock-based compensation for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Cost of revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research and development expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selling, general and administrative expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisition and integration related expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restructuring related expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 2,789
3,847
20,457
21,728
373
$ 3,516
2,750
20,996
—
—
$ 3,894
2,816
17,668
—
—
Total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$49,194
$27,262
$24,378
Valuation Assumptions
The Company determines the fair value of RSUs based on the closing market price of the Company’s
common stock on the date of the award and estimates the fair value of stock appreciation rights and employee
stock purchase plan rights using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Such values are recognized as expense on a
straight-line basis for time-based awards and using the accelerated graded vesting method for performance-based
awards, both over the requisite service periods, net of estimated forfeitures except for retirement eligible
employees in which the Company expenses the fair value of the grant in the period in which the grant was
109
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
awarded. The estimation of stock-based awards that will ultimately vest requires significant judgment. The
Company considers many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards and historical
experience. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ substantially from the Company’s current
estimates.
The weighted average fair value per share of employee stock purchase plan rights granted in 2019, 2018 and
2017 was $16.04, $21.74, and $13.14, respectively. The fair value of the employees’ purchase plan rights was
estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Employee stock purchase plan rights:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected life (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected annual dividends per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.4%
0.8%
1.8%
38.7% 38.6% 26.5%
$0.80
$0.76
$0.69
Expected volatilities for 2019, 2018 and 2017 are based on a combination of implied and historical
volatilities of the Company’s common stock; the expected life represents the weighted average period of time
that options granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules and the Company’s
historical exercise patterns; and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the
time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option.
The total intrinsic value of SARs exercised and the total fair value of RSUs vested during 2019, 2018 and
the
2017 was approximately $68,123, $61,626 and $60,302,
unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs and SARs was approximately $26,137 and will be recognized
over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 1.0 year.
respectively. As of December 31, 2019,
18) Stockholders’ Equity
Stock Repurchase Program
On July 25, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the
repurchase of up to an aggregate of $200,000 of its outstanding common stock from time to time in open market
purchases, privately negotiated transactions or through other appropriate means. The timing and quantity of any
shares repurchased will depend upon a variety of factors, including business conditions, stock market conditions
and business development activities, including, but not limited to, merger and acquisition opportunities. These
repurchases may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
During 2019, there were no repurchases of common stock. During 2018, the Company repurchased
approximately 818,000 shares of its common stock for $75,000 at an average price of $91.67 per share. During
2017, there were no repurchases of common stock.
The Company has repurchased approximately 2,588,000 shares of common stock for approximately
$127,000 pursuant to the program since its adoption.
110
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Cash Dividends
Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive dividends when they are declared by the
Company’s Board of Directors. In addition, the Company accrues dividend equivalents on the RSUs the
Company assumed in the ESI Merger described in Note 17 above when dividends are declared by the Company’s
Board of Directors. The Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per share during each
quarter of 2019, which totaled $43,528 or $0.80 per share. The Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash
dividend of $0.18 per share during the first quarter of 2018 and $0.20 per share during each of the second, third
and fourth quarters of 2018, which totaled $42,405 or $0.78 per share.
Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject
to the final determination of the Company’s Board of Directors.
On February 10, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per
share to be paid on March 6, 2020 to Stockholders of record as of February 24, 2020.
19) Employee Benefit Plans
The Company has a 401(k) profit-sharing plan for U.S. employees meeting certain requirements in which
eligible employees may contribute between 1% and 50% of their annual compensation to this plan, and, with
respect to employees who are age 50 and older, certain specified additional amounts, limited by an annual
maximum amount determined by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company, at its discretion, makes certain
matching contributions to these plans based on participating employees’ annual contribution to the plans and
their total compensation. The Company’s contributions were $6,944, $6,093 and $5,651 for 2019, 2018 and
2017, respectively.
The Company maintains a bonus plan which provides cash awards to key employees, at the discretion of the
compensation committee of the Board of Directors, based upon the Company’s operating results. In addition, the
Company’s foreign locations also have various bonus plans based upon local operating results and employee
performance. The total bonus expense was $32,172, $38,254 and $46,783 for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The Company provides supplemental retirement benefits for a number of former retired executives. The total cost
of these benefits was $3,211, $4,609 and $3,478 for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The current accumulated
benefit obligation was $21,341 and was included in other current liabilities and the non-current accumulated benefit
obligation was $2,471 and was included in other non-current liabilities at December 31, 2019. The accumulated benefit
obligation was $20,644 at December 31, 2018 and was included in other long-term liabilities.
The Company also assumed a deferred compensation plan from each of the Newport Merger and the ESI
Merger. Participants in the Newport deferred compensation plan were not permitted to make any new elections
beginning with 2018 compensation. Participants in the ESI deferred compensation plan were not permitted to
make any new elections beginning with 2020 compensation.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
As a result of the Newport Merger, the Company assumed all assets and liabilities of Newport’s defined
benefit pension plans, which cover substantially all of its full-time employees in France, Germany, Israel and
Japan. In addition, there are certain pension assets and liabilities relating to former employees in the United
Kingdom. The German plan is unfunded, as permitted under the plan and applicable laws.
111
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
As a result of the ESI merger, the Company assumed all assets and liabilities of ESI’s defined benefit
pension plans, which cover substantially all of its full time employees in Taiwan, Korea and Japan.
For financial reporting purposes, the calculation of net periodic pension costs was based upon a number of
actuarial assumptions including a discount rate for plan obligations, an assumed rate of return on pension plan
assets and an assumed rate of compensation increase for employees covered by the plan. All of these assumptions
were based upon management’s judgment, considering all known trends and uncertainties. Actual results that
differ from these assumptions would impact future expense recognition and the cash funding requirements of the
Company’s pension plans.
The net periodic benefit costs for the plans included the following components:
Service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected return on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of actuarial net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Year Ended December 31,
2019
$ 828
471
(111)
136
$1,324
2018
$ 657
433
(115)
127
$1,102
The changes in projected benefit obligations and plan assets, as well as the ending balance sheet amounts for
the Company’s defined benefit plans, were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Change in projected benefit obligations:
Projected benefit obligations, beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed in ESI Merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actuarial loss (gain)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Benefits paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Currency translation adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 24,885
3,522
828
471
2,057
(1,469)
(242)
$ 25,736
—
657
433
(98)
(895)
(948)
Projected benefit obligations, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 30,052
$ 24,885
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed in ESI Merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Company contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain (loss) on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Benefits paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Currency translation adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 7,822
1,272
1,846
591
(569)
131
$ 8,152
—
324
(56)
(369)
(229)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11,093
7,822
Net underfunded status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$(18,959)
$(17,063)
112
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
As of December 31, 2019, the estimated benefit payments for the Company’s defined benefit plans for the
next 10 years were as follows:
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025-2029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated benefit
payments
$ 1,133
1,302
1,217
1,537
1,483
8,646
$15,318
The Company expects to contribute $2,086 to the plans during 2020.
The weighted-average rates used to determine the net periodic benefit costs were as follows:
Discount rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rate of increase in salary levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected long-term rate of return on assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4%
2.2%
2.1%
1.9%
2.1%
1.9%
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
In determining the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the Company considers the relative
weighting of plan assets, the historical performance of total plan assets and individual asset classes, and
economic and other indicators of future performance.
Plan assets were held in the following categories as a percentage of total plan assets:
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Amount
Percentage
Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
430
8,023
1,519
1,121
4%
72
14
10
$11,093
100%
Amount
$ 193
4,855
1,342
1,432
$7,822
Percentage
2%
62
17
19
100%
In general,
the Company’s asset management objectives include maintaining an adequate level of
diversification to reduce interest rate and market risk while providing adequate liquidity to meet immediate and
future benefit payment requirements.
The Company’s Israeli plans account for the deferred vested benefits using the shut-down method of
accounting, which resulted in assets of $16,713 and vested benefit obligations of $19,692 as of December 31,
2019 and assets of $14,409 and vested benefit obligations of $17,552 as of December 31, 2018. Under the shut-
down method, the liability is calculated as if it were payable as of the balance sheet date, on an undiscounted
basis.
113
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Other Pension-Related Assets
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had assets with an aggregate market value of $5,854 and
$5,890, respectively, for its German pension plans. These assets are invested in group insurance contracts
through the insurance companies administering these plans, in accordance with applicable pension laws. The
Germany contracts have a guaranteed minimum rate of return ranging from 2.25% to 4.25%, depending on the
contract. Because the assets were not separate legal assets of the pension plan, they were not included in the
Company’s plan assets shown above. However, the Company has designated such assets to pay pension benefits.
Such assets are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
20) Net Income Per Share
The following is a reconciliation of basic to diluted net income per share:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Numerator:
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
140,386 $
392,896 $
339,132
Denominator:
Shares used in net income per common share — basic . . . . .
Effect of dilutive securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54,711,000
400,000
54,406,000
586,000
54,137,000
937,000
Shares used in net income per common share — diluted . . .
55,111,000
54,992,000
55,074,000
Net income per common share:
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2.57 $
2.55 $
7.22 $
7.14 $
6.26
6.16
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the
weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted EPS is
similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of
additional common shares that would have been outstanding (using the treasury stock method) if securities
containing potentially dilutive common shares (RSUs and SARs) had been converted to such common shares,
and if such assumed conversion is dilutive.
In 2019, 2018 and 2017, the potential dilutive effect of 65,664, 79,500 and 404 weighted average shares,
respectively, of RSUs, were excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding, as
the shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect on EPS, and would thus need to be excluded from the
computation of diluted weighted-average shares.
21) Business Segment, Geographic Area, Product Information and Significant Customer Information
The Company is a global provider of instruments, systems, subsystems and process control solutions that
measure, monitor, deliver, analyze, power and control critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to
improve process performance and productivity for its customers. The Company’s products are derived from its core
competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas
composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and
delivery, vacuum technology, lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control, vibration control and laser-based
114
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
manufacturing systems solutions. The Company also provides services relating to the maintenance and repair of
its products, installation services and training. The Company’s primary served markets include semiconductor,
industrial technologies, life and health sciences, research and defense.
The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) utilizes financial
information to make
decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company, which is used in the
decision making process to assess performance. Effective February 1, 2019, in conjunction with its acquisition of
ESI, the Company created a third reportable segment known as the Equipment & Solutions segment in addition
to its two then-existing reportable segments: the Vacuum & Analysis segment and the Light & Motion segment.
The Vacuum & Analysis segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which
are derived from the Company’s core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and
control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation
and delivery, power generation and delivery and vacuum technology.
The Light & Motion segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which are
derived from the Company’s core competencies in lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control and
vibration control.
The Equipment & Solutions segment provides laser-based manufacturing systems solutions for the micro-
machining industry that enable customers to optimize production. The Equipment & Solutions segment’s primary
served markets include flexible and rigid PCB processing/fabrication, semiconductor wafer processing, and
passive component manufacturing and testing. The Equipment & Solutions segment’s systems incorporate
specialized laser technology and proprietary control software to efficiently process the materials and components
that are an integral part of electronic devices and systems.
The Company derives its segment results directly from the manner in which results are reported in its
management reporting system. The accounting policies that the Company uses to derive reportable segment
results are substantially the same as those used for external reporting purposes. The Company does not disclose
external or intersegment revenues separately by reportable segment as this information is not presented to the
CODM for decision making purposes.
The following table sets forth net revenues by reportable segment:
Vacuum & Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Light & Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipment & Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 990,523
725,570
183,680
$1,260,862
814,246
—
$1,207,457
708,520
—
$1,899,773
$2,075,108
$1,915,977
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
115
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated net income:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Gross profit by reportable segment:
Vacuum & Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Light & Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipment & Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$426,464
336,764
67,203
$577,552
401,924
—
$551,078
340,373
—
Total gross profit by reportable segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
830,431
979,476
891,451
Operating expenses:
Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selling, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisition and integration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restructuring and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fees and expenses related to repricing of Term Loan Facility . .
Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on sale of long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asset impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on sale of business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other expense, net
Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164,061
330,346
37,262
6,983
6,637
67,402
(6,773)
4,662
219,851
5,453
44,135
—
3,333
177,836
37,450
135,720
298,118
3,113
4,567
378
43,521
—
—
494,059
5,775
16,942
—
1,942
480,950
88,054
132,555
290,056
5,332
3,920
492
45,743
—
6,719
406,634
3,021
30,990
74,856
5,896
447,625
108,493
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$140,386
$392,896
$339,132
The following table set forth capital expenditures by reportable segment for the years ended December 31,
2019, 2018 and 2017:
December 31, 2019:
Vacuum & Analysis
Light & Motion
Equipment &
Solutions
Total
Capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . .
$34,130
$23,045
$6,729
$63,904
December 31, 2018:
Capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . .
$40,144
$22,797
$ —
$62,941
December 31, 2017:
Capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . .
$17,111
$14,176
$ —
$31,287
116
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following table sets forth depreciation and amortization by reportable segment for the years ended
December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Vacuum &
Analysis
Light &
Motion
Equipment &
Solutions
Total
December 31, 2019:
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$16,826
$53,857
$39,351
$110,034
December 31, 2018:
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$20,808
$59,045
$ —
$ 79,853
December 31, 2017:
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$20,297
$62,259
$ —
$ 82,556
Total income tax expense is not presented by reportable segment because the necessary information is not
available or used by the CODM.
The following table sets forth segment assets by reportable segment:
Vacuum &
Analysis
Light &
Motion
Equipment &
Solutions
Corporate,
Eliminations
and Other
Total
December 31, 2019:
Segment assets:
Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $185,889 $147,150
163,768
Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
224,815
$ 40,125
73,458
$(32,100) $341,064
462,146
105
Total segment assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $410,704 $310,918
$113,583
$(31,995) $803,210
Vacuum &
Analysis
Light &
Motion
Equipment &
Solutions
Corporate,
Eliminations
and Other
Total
December 31, 2018:
Segment assets:
Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $171,604 $140,658
161,658
Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222,965
Total segment assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $394,569 $302,316
$
$
— $(16,808) $295,454
384,689
66
—
— $(16,742) $680,143
117
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following is a reconciliation of segment assets to consolidated total assets:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Total segment assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property, plant and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Right-of-use asset
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goodwill and intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other assets and long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 803,210
523,989
106,348
241,871
64,497
1,623,084
53,321
$ 680,143
718,171
65,790
194,367
—
906,803
48,972
Consolidated total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$3,416,320
$2,614,246
Geographic
Information about the Company’s operations in different geographic regions is presented in the tables
below. Net revenues to unaffiliated customers are based on the location in which the sale originated. Transfers
between geographic areas are at tax transfer prices and have been eliminated from consolidated net revenues.
Net revenues:
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 888,370
178,618
167,651
143,081
150,584
371,469
$1,022,660
127,681
203,567
193,264
159,508
368,428
$ 955,284
97,072
212,763
167,318
122,339
361,201
$1,899,773
$2,075,108
$1,915,977
Long-lived assets:(1)
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$208,323
41,433
89,567
$146,687
26,794
50,572
$339,323
$224,053
(1) Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment, net, right-of-use assets, and certain other assets,
and exclude goodwill, intangible assets and long-term tax-related accounts.
118
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Goodwill associated with each of our reportable segments is as follows:
Reportable segment:
Vacuum & Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Light & Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipment & Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 196,717
388,463
473,274
$197,126
389,870
—
Total goodwill
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,058,454
$586,996
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
Worldwide Product Information
Worldwide net revenue for each group of products is as follows:
Advanced Manufacturing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Global Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advanced Manufacturing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,482,808
288,476
128,489
$1,835,202
239,906
—
$1,701,301
214,676
—
$1,899,773
$2,075,108
$1,915,977
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Advanced manufacturing components are comprised of product revenues from the Company’s Vacuum &
Analysis and Light & Motion segments. Global service is comprised of total service revenues for all three of the
Company’s reportable segments. Advanced manufacturing systems is comprised of product revenues for the
Company’s Equipment & Solutions segment.
Major Customers
No individual customers accounted for greater than 10% of the Company’s net revenues for 2019. Applied
Materials, Inc. accounted for 12% and 13% and Lam Research Corporation accounted for 11% and 12% of the
Company’s net revenues for the years ended 2018 and 2017, respectively.
22) Restructuring and Other
Restructuring
During 2019, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $5,532, primarily related to costs incurred
from the pending closure of a facility in Europe and also to severance costs related to an organization-wide
reduction in workforce, the consolidation of service functions in Asia and the movement of certain products to
lower costs regions.
During 2018, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $3,567, primarily related to severance costs
related to a worldwide reduction in workforce including severance costs related to transferring a portion of the
Company’s shared accounting functions in the United States to a third party, as well as the consolidation of
certain shared accounting functions in Asia.
119
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The activity related to the Company’s restructuring accrual is shown below:
Balance at January 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charged to expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Payments and adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 2,632
5,532
(4,428)
$ 3,244
3,567
(4,179)
Balance at December 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 3,736
$ 2,632
2019
2018
Other
During 2019, the Company recorded a charge of $1,451 related to a legal settlement from a contractual
obligation assumed as part of the Newport Merger.
During 2018,
the Company recorded a charge of $1,000 for environmental costs related to a U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency-designated Superfund site, as part of the Newport Merger.
23) Commitments and Contingencies
In 2016, two putative class actions lawsuit captioned Dixon Chung v. Newport Corp., et al., Case No.
A-16-733154-C, and Hubert C. Pincon v. Newport Corp., et al., Case No. A-16-734039-B, were filed in the
District Court, Clark County, Nevada on behalf of a putative class of stockholders of Newport for claims related
to the merger agreement (“Newport Merger Agreement”) between the Company, Newport, and a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). The lawsuits named as defendants the Company, Newport, Merger
Sub, and certain then current and former members of Newport’s board of directors. Both complaints alleged that
Newport directors breached their fiduciary duties to Newport’s stockholders by agreeing to sell Newport through
an inadequate and unfair process, which led to inadequate and unfair consideration, by agreeing to unfair deal
protection devices and by omitting material information from the proxy statement. The complaints also alleged
that the Company, Newport and Merger Sub aided and abetted the directors’ alleged breaches of their fiduciary
duties. The Court consolidated the actions, and plaintiffs later filed an amended complaint captioned In re
Newport Corporation Shareholder Litigation, Case No. A-16-733154-B, in the District Court, Clark County,
Nevada, on behalf of a putative class of Newport’s stockholders for claims related to the Newport Merger
Agreement. The amended complaint alleged Newport’s former board of directors breached their fiduciary duties
to Newport’s stockholders and that the Company, Newport and Merger Sub had aided and abetted these breaches
and sought monetary damages, including pre- and post-judgment interest. In June 2017, the Court granted
defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the amended complaint against all defendants but granted plaintiffs
leave to amend.
On July 27, 2017, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint containing substantially similar allegations
but naming only Newport’s former directors as defendants. On August 8, 2017, the Court dismissed the
Company and Newport
from the action. The second amended complaint seeks monetary damages,
including pre- and post-judgment interest. The Court granted a motion for class certification on September 27,
2018, appointing Mr. Pincon and Locals 302 and 612 of the International Union of Operating Engineers—
Employers Construction Industry Retirement Trust as class representatives. On June 11, 2018, plaintiff Dixon
Chung was voluntarily dismissed from the litigation. On August 9, 2019, plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file
a third amended complaint, which was denied on October 10, 2019. On August 23, 2019, defendants filed a
motion for summary judgment. On January 23, 2020, the court entered its findings of fact, conclusions of law,
120
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
and order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment. On February 18, 2020, plaintiffs filed a notice of
appeal from the court’s order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment, as well as from the court’s
prior orders granting defendants’ motion for a bench trial and denying plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file an
amended complaint.
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, which have arisen in the ordinary course
of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material
adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
The Company leases certain of its facilities and machinery and equipment under operating leases expiring in
various years through 2184. Refer to Note 5 for schedule of future lease payments under non-cancelable leases as
of December 31, 2019.
As of December 31, 2019, the Company has entered into purchase commitments for certain inventory components
and other equipment and services used in its normal operations. The majority of these purchase commitments covered
by these arrangements are for periods of less than one year and aggregate to approximately $258,137.
To the extent permitted by Massachusetts law, the Company’s Restated Articles of Organization, as
amended, require the Company to indemnify any of its current or former officers or directors or any person who
has served or is serving in any capacity with respect to any of the Company’s employee benefit plans. The
Company believes that the estimated exposure for these indemnification obligations is currently not material.
Accordingly, the Company has no material liabilities recorded for these requirements as of December 31, 2019.
The Company also enters into agreements in the ordinary course of business which include indemnification
provisions. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the
indemnified party, generally its customers, for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party in connection
with certain patent or other intellectual property infringement claims, and, in some instances, other claims, by
any third party with respect to the Company’s products. The term of these indemnification obligations is
generally perpetual after execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the
Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is,
in some instances, not
contractually limited. The Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these
indemnification obligations. As a result, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these obligations is
minimal. Accordingly, the Company has no liabilities recorded for these obligations as of December 31, 2019.
As part of past acquisitions and divestitures of businesses or assets, the Company has provided a variety of
indemnifications to the sellers and purchasers for certain events or occurrences that took place prior to the date of the
acquisition or divestiture. Typically, certain of the indemnifications expire after a defined period of time following the
transaction, but certain indemnifications may survive indefinitely. The maximum potential amount of future payments
the Company could be required to make for such obligations is undeterminable at this time. Other than obligations
recorded as liabilities at the time of the acquisitions, historically the Company has not made significant payments for
these indemnifications. Accordingly, no material liabilities have been recorded for these obligations.
In conjunction with certain asset sales, the Company may provide routine indemnifications whose terms
range in duration and often are not explicitly defined. Where appropriate, an obligation for such indemnification
is recorded as a liability. Because the amounts of liability under these types of indemnifications are not explicitly
stated, the overall maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications cannot be reasonably
estimated. Other than obligations recorded as liabilities at the time of the asset sale, historically the Company has
not made significant payments for these indemnifications.
121
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Supplemental Financial Data
2019
Statement of Operations Data
Net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income per share:
Quarter Ended
March 31
June 30
Sept. 30
Dec. 31
(Table in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
$463,561
198,118
23,066
$ 12,455
$474,110
211,027
63,902
$ 37,739
$462,451
205,004
66,820
$ 47,428
$499,651
216,282
66,063
$ 42,764
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash dividends paid per common share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
$
0.23
0.23
0.20
$
$
$
0.69
0.69
0.20
$
$
$
0.86
0.86
0.20
$
$
$
0.78
0.77
0.20
2018
Statement of Operations Data
Net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income per share:
$554,275
262,855
131,639
$105,121
$573,140
274,877
151,291
$122,862
$487,152
231,860
117,045
$ 93,277
$460,541
209,884
94,084
$ 71,636
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash dividends paid per common share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
$
1.93
1.90
0.18
$
$
$
2.25
2.22
0.20
$
$
$
1.71
1.70
0.20
$
$
$
1.33
1.32
0.20
122
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer,
evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019. The term
“disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are
designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the
SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures
designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits
under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal
executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how
well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management
necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019, our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were
effective at the reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that
we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time
periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated
to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate to allow
timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial
reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under
the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer or persons performing similar functions and effected by our Board of Directors, management
and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
• Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions
and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
• Provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts
and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorization of our
management and directors of the Company; and
• Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or
disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect
misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls
may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or
procedures may deteriorate.
123
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management including our Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth in the
Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission. Based on our assessment, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2019, our
internal control over financial reporting was effective.
We excluded ESI from our assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019
because we acquired it in 2019. ESI’s total assets and total revenues represent approximately 29% and 10%,
respectively, of the Company’s total assets and total revenues, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Our
internal controls over
reporting as of December 31, 2019 have been audited by
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its attestation report
which appears in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
financial
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably
likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
124
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
PART III
The information required by this item will be set forth under the captions “Proposal One — Election of
Directors,” “Directors,” “Corporate Governance,” “Executive Officers,” “Corporate Governance — Code of
Ethics” and “Corporate Governance — Board of Directors Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors
— Audit Committee” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
We are also required under Item 405 of Regulation S-K to provide information concerning delinquent filers
of reports under Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. This information will be set
forth under the caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports,” if applicable, in our definitive proxy statement for
the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than
120 days after the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item will be set forth under the captions “Executive Officers,” “Executive
Compensation — Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Corporate Governance — Board of Director
Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors – Compensation Committee — Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Director Compensation” in our
definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by
reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K will be set forth under the caption “Security
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2020
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120
days after the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K will be set forth under the caption “Equity
Compensation Plan Information” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders,
to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year,
and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required by this item will be set forth under the captions “Corporate Governance — Board
Independence” and “Corporate Governance — Transactions with Related Persons” in our definitive proxy
statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders,
to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item will be set forth under the caption “Audit and Financial Accounting
Oversight — Principal Accountant Fees and Services” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after
the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
125
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this Report:
PART IV
1. Financial Statements. The following Consolidated Financial Statements are included under Item 8
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019,
2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . .
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . .
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
65
66
67
68
69
2. Financial Statement Schedules. The following consolidated financial statement schedule is included
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Schedules other than those listed above have been omitted since they are either not required or information
is otherwise included.
3. Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Exhibit
No.
+2.1(1)
+3.1(2)
+3.2(3)
+3.3(4)
Title
Agreement and Plan of Merger, by and among the Registrant, Merger Sub and Electro Scientific
Industries, Inc., dated October 29, 2018
Restated Articles of Organization of the Registrant
Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Organization, as filed with the Secretary of State
of Massachusetts on May 18, 2001
Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Organization, as filed with the Secretary of State
of Massachusetts on May 16, 2002
+3.4(5)
Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant
4.1
4.2
+10.1(6)
+10.2(7)
+10.3(8)
Specimen certificate representing the Common Stock
Description of Capital Stock Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act
Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated April 29, 2016, by and among the Registrant, Barclays Bank
PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto
Amendment No. 1 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of June 9, 2016, by and among the
Registrant, the other loan parties party thereto, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and
collateral agent, and each participating lender party thereto
Amendment No. 2 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2016, by and
among the Registrant, the other loan parties party thereto, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative
agent and collateral agent, and each participating lender party thereto
126
Exhibit
No.
+10.4(9)
+10.5(10)
+10.6(11)
+10.7(12)
+10.8(11)
+10.9(13)
Title
Amendment No. 3 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2017, by and among the
Registrant, the other loan parties party thereto, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and
collateral agent, and each participating lender party thereto
Amendment No. 4 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018, by and among
the Registrant, the other loan parties party thereto, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent
and collateral agent, and each participating lender party thereto
Amendment No. 5 to Term Loan Credit Agreement and Amendment to Term Loan Guaranty and
Term Loan Security Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the Registrant, the
other loan parties party thereto, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent,
and each participating lender party thereto
Amendment No. 6 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2019, by and
among the Registrant, the other loan parties thereto, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent,
collateral agent and fronting bank, and each participating lender party thereto.
ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Barclays
Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, the other borrowers from time to time
party thereto, and the lenders and letters of credit issuers from time to time party thereto
Amendment No. 1 to ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of April 26, 2019, by and among the
Registrant, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, the other borrowers
from time to time party thereto, and the lenders and letters of credit issuers from time to time
party thereto.
+10.10(5)*
2014 Stock Incentive Plan
+10.11(5)*
2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
+10.12(5)*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the 2014 Stock
Incentive Plan
+10.13(14)*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Employees under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan
+10.14(15)* MKS Instruments, Inc. Management and Key Employee Bonus Plan
+10.15(16)*
Employment Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2005, between John Bertucci and the Registrant
+10.16(17)*
Employment Agreement, dated October 22, 2013, between Gerald Colella and the Registrant
+10.17(15)*
Amendment, dated March 27, 2018, to Employment Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2013,
between Gerald Colella and the Registrant
+10.18(18)*
Amendment No. 2, dated October 29, 2018, to Employment Agreement, dated as of October 22,
2013, between Gerald Colella and the Registrant
+10.19(19)*
Form of Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement under Newport Corporation’s 2006
Performance-Based Stock Incentive Plan
+10.20(19)*
Newport Corporation’s 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
+10.21(19)*
Newport Corporation’s Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
+10.22(19)*
Form of Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement used under Newport Corporation’s 2011
Stock Incentive Plan and the Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
+10.23(19)*
Form of the Registrant’s SAR Assumption Agreement for U.S. Employees Relating to Newport
Corporation’s Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, 2011 Stock Incentive Plan and
2006 Performance-Based Stock Incentive Plan
127
Exhibit
No.
+10.24(19)*
Form of the Registrant’s SAR Assumption Agreement for Employees Outside of the United
States Relating to Newport Corporation’s Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan,
2011 Stock Incentive Plan and 2006 Performance-Based Stock Incentive Plan
Title
+10.25(20)*
Employment Agreement, dated November 18, 2019, between John Lee and the Registrant
+10.26(21)*
Employment Agreement, dated August 1, 2016, between Seth Bagshaw and the Registrant
+10.27(18)*
Amendment No. 1, dated October 29, 2018, to Employment Agreement, dated as of August 1,
2016, by and between Seth Bagshaw and the Registrant
+10.28(13)*
Employment Agreement, dated May 9, 2018, between Kathleen Burke and the Registrant, as
amended on October 29, 2018
10.29*
Employment Agreement, dated as of August 6, 2019, between James Schreiner and the
Registrant
+10.30(22)*
Transition and Retirement Agreement, dated as of May 9, 2018, by and between the Registrant
and John Abrams
+10.31(14)*
Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan
+10.32(14)*
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement (with time-based vesting) used under Electro
Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan for 2016-2017
+10.33(14)*
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement (with time-based vesting) used under Electro
Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan for 2018
+10.34(14)*
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement (with performance-based vesting) used under
Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan for 2016-2017
+10.35(14)*
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement (with performance-based vesting) used under
Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan for 2018
+10.36(14)*
Form of the Registrant’s RSU Assumption Agreement (with time-based vesting) for U.S.
Employees Relating to Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan
+10.37(14)*
Form of the Registrant’s RSU Assumption Agreement (with time-based vesting) for Employees
Outside of the United States Relating to Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004 Stock Incentive
Plan
+10.38(14)*
Form of the Registrant’s RSU Assumption Agreement (with performance-based vesting) for U.S.
Employees Relating to Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan
+10.39(14)*
Form of the Registrant’s RSU Assumption Agreement (with performance-based vesting) for
Employees Outside of the United States Relating to Electro Scientific Industries, Inc.’s 2004
Stock Incentive Plan
+10.40(23)*
Annual Profit Improvement Bonus Plan
21.1
23.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
128
Exhibit
No.
101.INS**
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data
File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
Title
101.SCH**
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL**
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF**
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB**
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE**
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension
information contained in Exhibits 101)
+ Previously filed
* Management contract or compensatory plan arrangement
** Filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 are the following
documents formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated
Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income; (iii) the
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and
(v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following materials from MKS Instruments, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2019, are formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated
Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and
(v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on October 30, 2018.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-49738), filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 2000.
(3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2001 (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2001.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2002 (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2002.
(5) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-23621), filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 6, 2014.
(6) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on April 29, 2016.
(7) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on June 9, 2016.
(8) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on December 14, 2016.
(9) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on July 6, 2017.
(10) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on April 12, 2018.
129
(11) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on February 1, 2019.
(12) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on October 1, 2019
(13) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2019 (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2019.
(14) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2018 (File No.000-23621) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2019.
(15) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
March 31, 2018 (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2018.
(16) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on July 5, 2005
(17) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on October 24, 2013.
(18) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 1, 2018.
(19) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
March 31, 2016 (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 6, 2016.
(20) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 20, 2019.
(21) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2016 (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2016.
(22) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on May 11, 2018.
(23) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on February 12, 2020.
(b) Exhibits
MKS hereby files as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 10-K those exhibits listed in Item 15(a)
above.
(c) Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable.
130
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Description
Balance at
Beginning
of Year
Acquisition
Beginning
Balance
Additions
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
Charged
to Other
Accounts
(in thousands)
Deductions &
Write-offs
Balance at
End of Year
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Years ended December 31,
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$5,243
$4,135
$3,909
$201
$ —
$ —
$ (728)
$1,435
$ 825
$ —
$ —
$ —
$(2,933)
$ (327)
$ (599)
$1,783
$5,243
$4,135
Description
Balance at
Beginning
of Year
Acquisition
Beginning
Balance
Additions
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
Charged
to Other
Accounts
(in thousands)
Deductions &
Write-offs
Balance at
End of Year
Allowance for sales returns:
Years ended December 31,
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1,033
$1,295
$1,138
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 200
$ 124
$(142)
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 162
$(386)
$ 299
$1,395
$1,033
$1,295
Description
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset:
Years ended December 31,
Balance at
Beginning
of Year
Acquisition
Beginning
Balance
Additions
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
Charged
to Other
Accounts Deductions
Balance at
End of Year
(in thousands)
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$17,936
$13,629
$12,527
$5,876
$ —
$ —
$4,934
$4,825
$1,603
$ — $(1,386)
$ — $ (518)
$ — $ (501)
$27,360
$17,936
$13,629
131
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant
has duly caused this annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 28th day of February 2020.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
By: /s/
John T.C. Lee
John T.C. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by
the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
SIGNATURES
TITLE
DATE
/s/
John R. Bertucci
John R. Bertucci
/s/
John T.C. Lee
John T.C. Lee
/s/ Seth H. Bagshaw
Seth H. Bagshaw
/s/ Rajeev Batra
Rajeev Batra
/s/ Gregory R. Beecher
Gregory R. Beecher
/s/ Gerald G. Colella
Gerald G. Colella
/s/ Rick D. Hess
Rick D. Hess
/s/
Jacqueline F. Moloney
Jacqueline F. Moloney
/s/ Elizabeth A. Mora
Elizabeth A. Mora
/s/ Michelle M. Warner
Michelle M. Warner
Chairman of the Board of Directors
February 28, 2020
President, Chief Executive Officer
and Director (Principal Executive
Officer)
Senior Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
132
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February 28, 2020
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MANAGEMENT
SHAREHOLDER CONTACTS
John R. Bertucci
Chairman
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Rajeev Batra
President
Siemens Digital Industries, U.S.
Gregory R. Beecher
Former Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
Teradyne, Inc.
Gerald G. Colella
Former Chief Executive Officer
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Rick D. Hess
Former Executive Vice President
Analog Devices, Inc.
John T.C. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Jacqueline F. Moloney
Chancellor
University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Elizabeth A. Mora
Chief Administrative Officer
The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.
Michelle M. Warner
Former Senior Vice President,
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
USG Corporation
John T.C. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer
Seth H. Bagshaw
Senior Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Kathleen F. Burke
Senior Vice President,
General Counsel and Secretary
Corporate Headquarters
MKS Instruments, Inc.
2 Tech Drive, Suite 201
Andover, MA 01810
Telephone: 978.645.5500
Outside Counsel
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale
and Dorr LLP
Boston, MA
David P. Henry
Senior Vice President,
Marketing and Project Management
Independent Auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, MA
Jennifer J. Reilly
Senior Vice President,
Chief Human Resources Officer
Stock Listing
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Symbol: MKSI
James A. Schreiner
Senior Vice President,
Chief Operating Officer
Francis J. Tan
Senior Vice President,
Strategic Development
Transfer Agent
American Stock Transfer &
Trust Company, LLC
6201 15th Avenue
Brooklyn, NY 11219
Telephone: 718.921.8300
Fax: 718.765.8717
www.amstock.com
Shareholders may also
direct inquiries to:
David Ryzhik
Vice President, Investor Relations
MKS Instruments, Inc.
2 Tech Drive, Suite 201
Andover, MA 01810
Telephone: 978.557.5180
www.mksinst.com
Annual Meeting of
Shareholders
May 12, 2020, 10:00 a.m.
MKS Instruments, Inc.
2 Tech Drive, Suite 201
Andover, MA 01810
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
2 TECH DRIVE, SUITE 201
ANDOVER, MA 01810
+1 978.645.5500
WWW.MKSINST.COM
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ANNUAL REPORT
2019