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N4 Pharma Plc

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FY2019 Annual Report · N4 Pharma Plc
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Company Registration No. 01435584 (England and Wales) 

N4 Pharma Plc 

(“N4 Pharma” or the “Company”) 

Annual Report and Consolidated Financial Statements 

Year Ended 31 December 2019  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma Plc 

Table of contents  

Directors, Company Secretary and Advisors 

Chairman’s Report 

Board of Directors 

Director’s Report 

Corporate Governance Statement 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Company Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow 

Company Statement of Cash Flow 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

3 

4 

7 

8 

11 

14 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Registrars  
Neville Registrars Limited 
Neville House 
Steelpark Road 
Halesowen, West Midlands 
B62 8HD 

Accountants 
Offshore Accounting Limited 
Fairbairn House, 
Rohais 
St. Peter Port 
Guernsey 
GY1 1FE 

N4 Pharma plc 

Directors, Company Secretary and Advisors  

Company Number 01435584 (England and Wales) 

Directors: 

Nigel Theobald (Chief Executive Officer) 
Dr David Templeton (Executive Director) 
Dr John Chiplin (Non-Executive Chairman) 
Luke Cairns (Non-Executive Director) 
Dr Christopher Britten (Non-Executive Director) 

Registered Office of the Company 
6th Floor 
60 Gracechurch Street 
London 
EC3V 0HR 
United Kingdom  

Company Secretary 
SGH Company Secretaries Limited 
60 Gracechurch Street 
London 
EC3V 0HR 
United Kingdom 

Nominated Adviser and Broker 
Allenby Capital Limited 
5th Floor 
5 St Helen’s Place 
London  
EC3A 6AB 
United Kingdom 

Auditor 
Saffery Champness LLP 
Unex House 
Bourges Boulevard 
Peterborough 
PE1 1NG 
United Kingdom 

Company’s website www.n4pharma.com 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Chairman’s Report 

N4 Pharma Plc (the “Company”), is the holding company of N4 Pharma UK Limited (“N4 UK”)  and 
N4 Biotech Limited (“N4 Biotech”) which together at the date of these accounts form the group (the 
“Group”).    N4  Biotech  was  dissolved  on  14  January  2020.  N4  UK  is  a  specialist  pharmaceutical 
company  engaged  in  the  development  of  a  mesoporous  silica  nanoparticle  delivery  system 
(“Nuvec®”) to improve the cellular delivery and potency of cancer treatments and vaccines. 

Review of operations for the financial year ended 31 December 2019 

During the year to 31 December 2019, as anticipated, no revenue was generated by the Group.  

The operating loss for the year was £947,340 (31 December 2018: £1,417,089 loss).  

In the year, £1,050,000 of new funds were raised through the placing of 10,500,000 new ordinary 
shares (the “Placing”).  

Cash at the year-end stood at £965,752 (31 December 2018: £793,141). 

Board Changes 

During the period the Company appointed John Chiplin as non-executive Chairman and Chris Britten 
as a non-executive Director. Paul Titley stood down as a director and employee of the Company. 
David Templeton became an executive director, taking responsibility for the technical aspects of 
Nuvec®’s development. These changes bring considerable experience and expertise to the Board in 
order to take the Group forward. 

Key Operational Events and Opportunities 

The Group continues to confirm and extend the Nuvec® dataset to enable it to undertake discussions 
with large pharmaceutical and Biotech companies to license Nuvec® for their own pre-clinical and 
clinical programs using nucleic acids.  We now have a significant amount of positive data giving a 
clear understanding that: 

• 

a range of DNA and mRNA antigens can be loaded onto the Nuvec® particles and successfully 
transfect cells in vitro; 

•  Nuvec®’s  mechanism  of  action  to  transfect  cells  is  via  endocytosis  into  the  cell  and  the 

release of payload into the cytoplasm;  

•  Nuvec® has a good safety profile - it degrades naturally in the body and does not track to 

the liver; 

• 

importantly, Nuvec® works for pDNA and mRNA having shown an in vivo antibody response 
for both; and 

•  Nuvec®  currently  delivers  a  good  response  from  two  or  three  injections  but  has  shown 

inconsistent or negative responses when just one injection is used. 

The data we have generated so far is encouraging and shows that Nuvec® has the potential to be an 
effective delivery system for nucleic acids. 

Due  to  inconsistencies  identified  in  third  party  pre-clinical  studies,  the  Company  decided  to 
undertake a repeat of its pre-clinical study with the University of Queensland, using OVA pDNA. The 
repeat study added an additional arm to investigate responses from one injection as well as three 
injections. The repeat study confirmed a good response using Nuvec® at higher doses using  three 
injections but no response with just  one injection. This was a significant finding, as the previous 
studies showing inconsistencies had all used just one injection, indicating that the inconsistencies 
shown in the previous studies may have been as a result of the dosing. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Chairman’s Report (Cont’d) 

This work also showed that once the Nuvec® particles were loaded with OVA pDNA, the formulation 
was not ideally dispersed. This lack of dispersion is not an issue for in vitro work as the particles are 
well dispersed in the experiment but, due to the concentrations used for in vivo experiments, the 
dispersion is likely to be a further explanation for the inconsistency seen when using Nuvec® in vivo.  

On  20th  August  2019,  the  Company  announced  that  it  would  undertake  a  program  of  work  to 
investigate how to improve the dispersity of Nuvec® formulations once loaded with DNA and RNA. 
By  improving  dispersity,  the  Company  believes  it  will  be  able  to  demonstrate  a  stronger  more 
consistent in vivo response which will make it much more attractive to  third-parties for licensing 
opportunities.  

The focus of this work is not to alter the basic silica nanoparticle, but rather to look at the processes 
of how we load a linker to the silica particle to enable DNA or RNA to be loaded to the particle and 
also how the DNA or RNA itself is then loaded onto the Nuvec® particle. The objective of the work 
is to improve these processes so that a more even dispersion of DNA loaded Nuvec® is achieved.  

As  announced  in  January  2020,  we  have  now  successfully  completed  the  first  two  phases  of  this 
work, with alterations to the manufacturing process, demonstrating improved dispersion of Nuvec® 
and how best to measure this dispersion. We have now begun the phase to investigate how to add 
the DNA and maintain this improved  dispersion with the ongoing work  programme, the  expected 
timings of which are as follows: 

•  Q1 2020 - Nuvec® improved DNA loading process 
•  Q2 2020 - in vitro testing of improvements 
•  Q2-Q3 2020 - in vivo testing of improved transfection and immune response 
•  Q3-Q4 2020 - conduct in vivo cancer model 

Assuming a successful conclusion to this program of work, the Directors believe the subsequent data 
pack and improved consistency will put the Group in a much stronger position to embark on licensing 
discussions with prospective partners.  

At  the  end  of  2018,  the  Company  announced  the  Nuvec®  delivery  system  was  accepted  for 
characterisation by the European Nanomedicine Characterisation Library (“EUNCL”). Due to delays 
at  EUNCL’s  end,  the  actual  work  did  not  start  until  the  end  of  Q3  2019  and  initially  focused  on 
endotoxin assessments and dispersion. The endotoxin assay used by EUNCL was discovered not to be 
suitable for Nuvec® so no results were possible. The Company has separately undertaken its own 
endotoxin tests on Nuvec® and found no endotoxins present so this is not considered by the Directors 
to  be  an  issue.  EUNCL’s  dispersion  tests  confirmed  what  the  Company  had  already  discovered, 
namely that there appears to be agglomeration of the Nuvec® particle.  

Unfortunately, funding for the EUNCL programme has not been continued beyond 2019 so we will 
not undertake any further work with EUNCL.  The Group is yet to receive a final report from EUNCL, 
however it is not expected to contain any further significant information  above what has already 
been shared with us around endotoxin analysis and dispersion. In light of the work we are now doing, 
which addresses a lot of the EUNCL findings, the Directors do not believe that the closure of the 
program will negatively impact the Group, its Nuvec® work or the Group’s prospects. 

Following the successful completion of the first phase of  the CMC program showing the ability to 
improve  Nuvec®  dispersion,  in  January  2020  the  Company  entered  into  a  research  collaboration 
agreement  with  Nanomerics  Ltd,  who  have  considerable  expertise  in  the  field  of  nanoparticle 
formulation and development. This provides the Group with access to the laboratories at the London 
School of Pharmacy, part of the University College of London (UCL), where we can undertake more 
accelerated work on the development of Nuvec® and perform our planned in vivo efficacy studies.  

The agreement with Nanomerics will allow the Group to build on the previously announced work 
and undertake full formulation assessment, including freeze drying, reconstitution and stability of 
the formulation. Achieving a stable formulation capable of being re-constituted for injection is an 
important aspect of making Nuvec® easier to use and will allow the Group to broaden how it can 
interact with potential partners as the access to UCL labs  will allow us to do the formulation and 
testing work ourselves rather than relying on partners, thereby giving greater control over the early 
phases of collaborative research agreements. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Chairman’s Report (Cont’d) 

Future Prospects 

The Company is restructuring its chemistry, manufacturing and controls (“CMC”) operations and Dr 
Allan Hey will be stepping down as Head of CMC Development at the end of February 2020. Allan 
will  be  replaced  by  Rob  Harris,  a  CMC  Consultant  with  considerable  experience  of  working  with 
nanoparticles. Rob will advise the Company on all the strategic aspects of the Nuvec® CMC program. 

The Group has already demonstrated that Nuvec® is capable of loading and transfecting both DNA 
and mRNA and producing antibodies.  The next phase of work is focused on making Nuvec® more 
consistent, easier to handle and therefore more efficacious. 

The use of DNA and RNA in the life science sector is a major growth area and a consistent theme in 
all discussions about the potential for DNA and RNA is the need for a safe and effective delivery 
system.  The  Board  remains  very  optimistic  about  the  future  of  the  Group  and  its  prospects  and 
believes the successful conclusion of its CMC and in vivo efficacy studies will make it an attractive 
alternative to current delivery systems being used in this area. 

In  addition  to  our  primary  focus  of  optimizing  Nuvec®,  the  Board  has  considered  a  number  of 
investment  and  acquisition  opportunities  to  widen  our  asset  base.  Whilst  discussions  have  not 
resulted  in  the  conclusion  of  any  transaction,  we  remain  open  to  diversifying  our  portfolio  if  an 
attractive proposition presents itself on favourable terms. 

On  behalf  of  the  Board,  I would  like  to  thank  all  of our  shareholders  for  their  continued  patient 
support and look forward to providing further updates on our progress.  

By order of the Board 

John Chiplin 
Chairman 

24 February 2020 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Board of Directors  

Nigel Theobald (Chief Executive Officer) 

Nigel has over 25 years’ experience in healthcare and in building businesses, strategy development 
and  its  implementation  and  a  strong  network  covering  all  aspects  of  pharmaceutical  product 
development and commercialisation. He was the head of healthcare brands at Boots Group Plc in 
2002  before  leaving  to  set  up  a  series  of  successful  businesses,  including  Oxford  Pharmascience 
Group Plc, which he grew over five years into an AIM quoted company with a market capitalisation 
of £40 million upon departure. Nigel formed N4 Pharma UK Limited in 2014. 

Dr David Templeton (Executive Director) 

David is an experienced R&D manager who has worked in major pharmaceutical, biotech and in the 
generic  industry  with  specific  expertise  in  early  clinical  development  and  translational  biology, 
toxicology and safety pharmacology, lead selection, candidate characterisation, PK/PD analysis and 
bioanalysis.  David  has  worked  in  various  pharmacology  and  pre-clinical  drug  discovery  roles  for 
Pfizer,  Xenova,  Smithkline  Beecham  and  GSK  and  was  the  head  of  non-clinical  development  at 
Celltech Limited from 2003 to 2004 before moving to Merck Generics UK as head of biometrics. He 
was appointed as director of clinical pharmacology of Eisai Limited in 2007 until in 2010 setting up 
his  own  consulting  business  offering  discovery  and  early  development  advice  to  several 
pharmaceutical companies. 

John Chiplin (Non-Executive Chairman) 

Dr John Chiplin has significant operational, investment and transaction experience in the life science 
and technology industries. Between 1995 and 2014, Dr Chiplin served as CEO of three leading publicly 
listed software, biotechnology and cancer immunotherapy companies in the US. Based in London, 
Dr Chiplin’s current board roles include Adalta, Cynata, Regeneus and Scancell Holdings plc (AIM: 
SCLP). He is also Managing Director of Newstar Ventures Ltd, an international private equity firm 
focused on emerging companies. 

Christopher Britten (Non-Executive Director) 

Dr Christopher Britten is an experienced pharmaceutical executive and is currently Head of M&A at 
Neuraxpharm, a privately-owned European CNS specialty pharmaceutical company. He has over 20 
years’ experience in R&D, corporate development and investment banking. Previous roles include 
Global Head of M&A at Sandoz (Munich), Managing Director at Torreya Partners (London), Head of 
Business Development at Sanofi Pasteur MSD (Lyon) and Director, Life Sciences at Deloitte Corporate 
Finance (London). Christopher also spent many years at GSK in both drug discovery and corporate 
development. 

Luke Cairns (Independent Non-Executive Director) 

Luke has spent over 20 years working in corporate finance and is a former head of corporate finance 
and managing director at Northland Capital Partners, an FCA regulated stockbroking firm. Having 
left  Northland  in  2014,  Luke  founded  LSC  Advisory  Limited  to  provide  advisory  and  consultancy 
services  to  growth  companies.  He  has  worked  with  many  growth  companies  across  a  number  of 
sectors  and  regions  on  a  wide  range  of  transactions,  including  IPOs,  secondary  fundraisings, 
corporate restructurings and takeovers. He is an Associate of the Chartered Institute of Secretaries. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Directors’ Report 

The Directors present their report together with the consolidated financial statements of the Group. 

N4 Pharma Plc (the “Company”), is the holding company and parent for N4 Pharma UK Limited (“N4 
UK”), and N4 Biotech Limited (“N4 Biotech”), and together form the group (the “Group”). 

Performance review 

The Group made a total comprehensive loss of £876,373 during the year ended 31 December 2019 
(2018: £1,184,843).  

Background and principal activities 

N4 Pharma UK Limited is a specialist pharmaceutical company which improves the delivery of novel 
vaccines  and  cancer  therapeutics.  The  nature  of  the  business  is  not  deemed  to  be  impacted  by 
seasonal fluctuations and as such performance is expected to be consistent. 

The Company is domiciled in England and Wales and was incorporated and registered in England and 
Wales on 6 July 1979 as a public limited company and its shares are admitted to trading on AIM (LSE: 
N4P). The Company’s registered office is located at 6th Floor, 60 Gracechurch Street, London EC3V 
0HR. 

Dividends  

The Board has not declared a dividend for the year ended 31 December 2019 (2018: nil). 

The  Directors  who  held  office  during  the  year  and/or  at  the  time  of  signing  these  consolidated 
financial statements are as listed below. 

Directors’ remuneration and interests  

2019 

Director 

Nigel Theobald (Chief 
Executive Officer) 
Paul  Titley  (resigned  20  May 
2019) 
David Templeton 
Luke Cairns 
Christopher Britten (appointed 
20 May 2019) 
John Chiplin (appointed 20 May 
2019) 

Cash-based 
payments 

Remuneration 
Share-based 
payments 

Totals 

Interests 

Shares 

Options 

£ 

£ 

£ 

No. 

No. 

70,000 

15,282 

38,310 
24,000 
14,923 

14,667 

177,182 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

70,000 

16,981,319 

- 

15,282 

142,857 

717,143 

38,310 
24,000 
14,923 

14,667 

- 

717,143 
142,857  1,392,445 
717,143 

- 

- 

717,143 

177,182 

17,267,033  4,261,017 

The above remuneration relates to N4 Pharma Plc (and N4 Pharma UK Limited) directors. There is 
no other Key Management Personnel remuneration. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Directors’ Report (Cont’d) 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Directors’  Report  and  the  consolidated  financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.   

Company law and AIM Rules require the directors to prepare consolidated financial statements for 
each  financial  year.    Under  that  law,  they  have  elected  to  prepare  the  consolidated  financial 
statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the  EU 
and applicable law. Under company law, the directors must not approve the consolidated financial 
statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the 
Group and the Company and of the loss of the Group for that period. In preparing these consolidated 
financial statements, the directors are required to: 

◼ 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

◼  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

◼ 

state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material 
departures disclosed and explained in the consolidated financial statements; and 

◼  prepare  the  consolidated  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis  unless  it  is 

inappropriate to presume that the Group will continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Group’s and Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the financial position of the Group and Company and enable them to ensure that the consolidated 
financial  statements  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2006  and  the  AIM  Rules.    They  are  also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and Company and hence for taking reasonable 
steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.   

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial 
information included on the Company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the 
preparation and dissemination of the consolidated financial statements may differ from legislation 
in other jurisdictions. 

The Company is compliant with AIM Rule 26 regarding the Company’s website. 

Directors’ confirmation 

So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 
of the Companies Act 2006) of which the Group’s auditors are unaware, and each director has taken 
all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware of any relevant 
audit information and to establish that the Group's auditor is aware of that information. 

Going concern 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles 
applicable to a going concern.  The Directors consider that the Group will have access to adequate 
resources, as set out below, to meet both operational requirements for at least 12 months from the 
date of approval of these consolidated financial statements. For this reason, they continue to adopt 
the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 

The Group currently has no source of operating cash inflows, other than interest and grant income, 
and  has  incurred  net  operating  cash  outflows  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2019  of £806,004 
(2018: £1,344,247 outflow).  At 31 December 2019, the Group had cash balances of £965,752 (2018: 
£793,141) and a surplus in net working capital (current assets, including cash, less current liabilities) 
of £987,338 (2018: £879,944). 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Directors’ Report (Cont’d) 

Going concern (cont’d) 

The Group continues to take steps to manage operational expenditure effectively and to manage 
the cash required for budgeted activities and working capital for at least 12 months from the date 
of  approval  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Close  monitoring  of  current  and  forecast 
expenditure  is  undertaken  by  the  board  and  key  executive  decisions  discussed  at  monthly  board 
meetings.  

On behalf of the Board 

_____________________________________   
Nigel Theobald 
Director 

24 February 2020 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Corporate Governance Statement 

The Company’s ordinary shares are admitted to trading on AIM, a market operated by the London 
Stock Exchange and the Company is subject to the continuing requirements of the AIM Rules. The 
UK  Corporate  Governance  Code  sets  out  the  principles  of  good  practice  in  relation  to  corporate 
governance which should be followed by companies with a full listing on the London Stock Exchange. 
Although the Company is not required to comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code by virtue 
of being an AIM-quoted company, during the period under review the Board sought to apply the QCA 
Corporate Governance Code for Small and Mid-Size Quoted Companies (“QCA Guidelines”) to the 
extent appropriate and practical for a company of its nature and size. With effect from September 
2018, the Company adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code 2018 (the 
“QCA  Code”).  This  section  provides  general  information  on  the  Group’s  adoption  of  the  QCA 
Guidelines and the QCA Code. In addition, further detail about how the Company complies with the 
ten principles of the QCA Code can be found on the Company’s website. 

The Board  

During the year Paul Titley resigned as executive Director of the Company and was replaced by David 
Templeton who stepped down as Non-Executive Chairman. Two new Non-Executive Directors were 
recruited to reflect our corporate governance requirement for a minimum of two NEDs and a balance 
of skills on the Board. During the recruitment process consideration was given to the diversity needs 
of the board and a wide range of applicants were considered. 

The Board now consists of five Directors, three of whom are Non-Executive and are considered to 
be independent in character and judgement, and there are no relationships or circumstances which 
could materially affect or  interfere with the exercise of their  judgement save only in respect of 
their holding of ordinary shares and options in the Company as set out on page 8. The ordinary shares 
and options held by these directors are not thought to be material, and therefore are not considered 
to  affect  the  independence  of  the  directors.  The  names  of  the  Directors,  together  with  their 
biographical details, are set out on page 7. 

The roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer are held by separate directors and there is clear 
division  of  responsibilities  between  them.  The  Chairman  is  responsible  for  the  leadership  of  the 
board and is pivotal in fostering a culture that adopts good corporate governance. The Chairman 
together with the rest of the board sets direction for the Company through a formal schedule of 
matters reserved for its decision. The two executive directors  have  particular roles and areas of 
responsibility and continually engage with the Company’s shareholders and stakeholders. The board 
has a schedule of matters reserved for its review and approval, such items include strategy, approval 
of major capital expenditure projects, approval of the annual and interim results, annual budgets, 
dividend policy and Board structure. It monitors the exposure to key business risks and reviews the 
strategic direction of all trading subsidiaries, their annual budgets, their performance in relation to 
those  budgets  and  their  capital  expenditure.  The  Board  delegates  day-to-day  responsibility  for 
managing the business to the Executive Directors and the senior management team.  

In 2019, the Board met formally seven times and each Director attended each board meeting. In 
addition, the Board has ad hoc meetings as required and regular management meetings. Each of the 
Directors  is  subject  to  retirement  by  rotation  and  re-election  in  accordance  with  the  articles  of 
association  of  the  Company.  Any  Directors  appointed  by  the  Board  are  subject  to  election  by 
shareholders at the first Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) after their appointment. 

Non-Executive  directors  are  expected  to  devote  such  time  as  is  necessary  for  the  proper 
performance of their duties. This includes attendance at Board meetings, the AGM, meetings with 
the directors, meetings with shareholders, and committee meetings. 

David Templeton is a part time executive director working two days per week. Nigel Theobald is a 
full-time executive director. 

The  Board  composition  is  reviewed  from  time  to  time  as  appropriate.  The  Board  considers  that, 
collectively the Directors have the necessary mix of experience, skills, personal qualities and  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Corporate Governance Statement (Cont’d) 

capabilities, with the appropriate balance of Executives and Non-Executives, to deliver the strategy 
of the Company for the benefit of its Shareholders  over the medium term. As work continues on 
Nuvec® it is the Directors’ intention to add to broaden the Board’s skill set particularly in the areas 
of oncology and virology delivery systems. The non-executive directors use the board meetings to 
review and assess the performance of the executive Directors. 

Risk Management and Internal Control 

The  Directors  are  aware  of  their  responsibility  for  establishing  and  communicating  a  system  to 
manage risk and implement internal controls.  

Operational risks are identified and assessed by management and any significant risks are reported 
to the Board. Financial and commercial risks are reviewed by the Board on a regular basis. 

The  Company’s  internal  control  systems  are  designed  to  provide  the  directors  with  reasonable 
assurance that any problems are identified on a timely basis and dealt with appropriately. The Board 
considers the internal controls to be effective, but no system of internal control can provide absolute 
assurance against material misstatement or loss.  

The key risks facing the Company together with any mitigation taken are considered further in note 
2 and 12 of this document. 

Committees 

The  Audit  Committee  consists  of  non-executive  Directors,  John  Chiplin,  Chris  Britten  and  Luke 
Cairns, and is chaired by Luke Cairns. The Audit Committee,  inter alia, determines and examines 
matters relating to the financial affairs of the Company including the terms of engagement of the 
Company’s auditors and, in consultation with the auditors, the scope of the annual audit. It receives 
and reviews reports from management and the Company’s auditors relating to the half yearly and 
annual accounts and the accounting and internal control systems in use throughout the Group. It 
also  monitors  and  is  responsible  for  ongoing  compliance  by  the  Company  with  the  AIM  Rules  for 
Companies. The audit committee met once during the year and had full attendance at this  meeting. 

The Remuneration Committee consists of non-executive Directors, John Chiplin, Chris Britten and 
Luke Cairns, and is chaired by Chris Britten. The Remuneration Committee  inter alia, reviews and 
makes recommendations in respect of the Directors’ remuneration and benefits packages, including 
share options and the terms of their appointment. The remuneration committee met once during 
the year to review salaries and decided to leave them unaltered. 

Given  the  Company’s  current  size,  the  Board  has  not  considered  it  necessary  to  constitute  a 
nomination committee and the Board, as a whole, will consider the appointment of directors and 
other senior employees of the Company as and when required.  

In light of the size and stage of the Company the Board has reviewed and still considers it is not 
appropriate to publish an audit committee or remuneration committee report in this annual report 
and accounts but will again consider the matter annually as the Company grows. 

Communication with shareholders and stakeholders 

Details of the Company’s current strategy and business model can be found in pages 4 to 6 of this 
document and is reflective of where the Company sits in the research and development cycle with 
Nuvec®. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Corporate Governance Statement (Cont’d) 

As  an  AIM  company,  the  Company  seeks  to  update  investors  on  material  matters  through 
announcements via RNS supplemented by presentations and the engagement of a PR firm. Historical 
company documents can be found on the Company’s website. 

In addition, all shareholders can attend the Company’s Annual General Meeting, where there is an 
opportunity to question the Directors as part of the agenda, or more informally after the meeting. 
Communication with shareholders is seen as an important part of the Board’s responsibilities, and 
care is taken to ensure all price-sensitive information is made available to all shareholders at the 
same time, in accordance with the AIM Rules, which, by definition, means the Board may not always 
be able to answer questions as directly or immediately as shareholders may like. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks including market risk, liquidity risk, tax risk and 
credit risk. These risks are discussed in detail in Note 2. 

Financial instruments and associated risks: 

The Board of Directors is committed to effective risk management and is responsible for ensuring 
that the Group has an appropriate framework in place to identify and effectively manage business 
risks  and  to  monitor  business  performance  and  the  Group’s  financial  position.  The  Board  is  also 
responsible  for  overseeing  compliance  with  regulatory,  prudential,  legal  and  ethical  standards. 
These risks are discussed in detail in Note 12. 

By order of the Board 

John Chiplin 
Chairman 

24 February 2020 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members 

Opinion 

We have audited the financial statements of N4 Pharma plc (the Company’) and its subsidiary (the 
‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2019 set out on pages 19 to 44. The financial reporting 
framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

In our opinion, the financial statements: 

• 

give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and the parent Company’s affairs as at 
31 December 2019 and its loss for the period then ended; 

•  have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; 

and 

•  have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and 
applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent 
of  the  Group  in  accordance  with  the  ethical  requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the 
financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to SME listed entities, 
and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We 
believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) 
require us to report to you where: 

• 

• 

the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial 
statements is not appropriate; or 

the  directors  have  not  disclosed  in  the  financial  statements  any  identified  material 
uncertainties  that  may  cast  significant  doubt  about  the  group’s  or  the  parent  company’s 
ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least 
twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance 
in  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant 
assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those 
which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; 
and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of 
our audit of the financial statement as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not 
provide a separate opinion on these matters.  

This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.  

14 

 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members (Cont’d) 

Key Audit Matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Nuvec® delivery system 

Our audit procedures included the following: 

on 

one 

The  Company  and  Group  are 
business 
focused 
segment.  The  success  of  this 
delivery  system  is  therefore  of 
critical 
the 
importance 
Group. 

to 

•  We  discussed  progress  management  have  made  with 

pre-clinical studies; 

•  We  reviewed  board  minutes  for  all  references  to 

Nuvec®; and 

•  We considered information in the public domain. 

We concurred with Management that the project remains 
viable at the date of signing the financial statements and the 
continued investment by the company in Nuvec®. 

Going concern 

Our audit procedures included the following: 

The going concern assumption is 
a  fundamental  principle  in  the 
financial 
preparation 
statements. 

of 

and 

The Group is loss making and yet 
to generate revenue, other than 
research 
development 
(R&D)  tax  credits.  There  is  the 
risk that the Group could run out 
of  cash  whilst  investing  and 
developing  its  Nuvec®  delivery 
system.  The  going  concern 
assumption has been recognised 
as a key audit matter. 

•  We  have  obtained  and  critically  appraised  the 
Directors’ 
and 
concern 
management’s strategic plans to generate revenue and 
profitability; 

assessment 

going 

•  We  have  reviewed  projected  cash  flows  and  other 
available  evidence  to  assess  the  ability  of  the  Group 
and the Company to continue in operation for the 12 
months after the date of signing;  

•  We have discussed post balance sheet events with the 
Directors to assess their impact on the going concern 
assumption; and 

•  We  have  performed  a  sensitivity  analysis  on  the  key 
assumptions  underlying  management’s  going  concern 
assessment. 

Based  on  our  procedures  we  consider  that  the  disclosures 
relating to going concern have been made appropriately. 

Capitalisation  of  research  and 
development expenditure 

Our audit procedures included the following: 

is 

Group 

expenditure 

incurring 
The 
significant 
in 
respect  of  R&D.  There  is  a  risk 
that  the  treatment  applied  in 
the 
is 
incorrect. 

statements 

financial 

•  We have discussed the treatment of R&D expenditure 
income  streams  with  the 

and  future  probable 
Directors; 

•  We  have  tested  a  sample  of  R&D  expenses  and 

corroborated the accounting treatment; and 

•  We have considered the claim for R&D tax credits. 

Based  on  our  procedures  performed  we  consider  that  the 
expenditure on R&D has been appropriately treated. 

15 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members (Cont’d) 

Our application of materiality 

We apply the concept of materiality in planning and performing our audit, in evaluating the effect 
of any identified misstatements and in forming our opinion. Our overall objective as auditor is to 
obtain  reasonable  assurance  that  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. We consider a misstatement to be material where it 
could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the  economic  decisions  of  the  users  of  the  financial 
statements. 

We have determined a materiality of £50,000. This is based on 5% of  loss before tax for the year 
ended 31 December 2019. 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an 
opinion on the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the Group and 
the Company, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which they operate. 

As  part  of  designing  our  audit,  we  determined  materiality  and  assessed  the  risks  of  material 
misstatement  in  the  financial  statements.  In  particular,  we  looked  at  where  the  Directors  made 
subjective  judgements,  for  example  in  respect  of  significant  accounting  estimates  that  involved 
making assumptions and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. We also addressed 
the  risk  of  management  override  of  internal  controls,  including  evaluating  whether  there  was 
evidence of bias by the Directors that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. 

Other information 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information.  The  other  information  comprises  the 
information included in the  annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s 
report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, 
except  to  the  extent  otherwise  explicitly  stated  in  our  report,  we  do  not  express  any  form  of 
assurance conclusion thereon. 

In  connection  with  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with 
the  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be 
materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material 
misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  there  is  a  material  misstatement  in  the 
financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we 
have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information; we 
are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report for the financial year 
for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; 
and 

the  Strategic  Report  and  the  Directors’  Report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
applicable legal requirements. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members (Cont’d) 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of  the  Group and Company and its environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic 
Report or the Directors’ Report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies 
Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have 

not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

• 

• 

the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 

As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement set out on page 9, the directors 
are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give 
a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable 
the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to 
fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the  Group’s and 
the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to 
going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to 
liquidate the Group or the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to 
do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a 
whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s 
report  that  includes  our  opinion.  Reasonable  assurance  is  a  high  level  of  assurance,  but  is  not  a 
guarantee  that  an  audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  ISAs  (UK)  will  always  detect  a  material 
misstatement  when  it  exists.  Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered 
material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably  be  expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on 
the  Financial  Reporting  Council’s  website  at:www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This 
description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

17 

 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members (Cont’d) 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of 
Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to 
the Company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and 
for  no  other  purpose.    To  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  law,  we  do  not  accept  or  assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the  Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our 
audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

………………………………… 

Alistair Hunt (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of Saffery Champness LLP 

Chartered Accountants 
Statutory Auditors  

Unex House 
Burges Boulevard 
Peterborough 
PE1 1NG 

24 February 2020 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc  

Notes 

2019 

Government grant income 

Gross profit 

Research and development costs 

General and administration costs 

£ 

- 

- 

(216,948) 

(730,392) 

2018 

£ 

72,832 

72,832 

(846,176) 

(643,745) 

Operating loss for the year 

(947,340) 

(1,417,089) 

Finance expenditure 
Gain on sale of investment 

Loss for the year before tax 

Taxation 

(1,385) 
- 

(981) 
27,693 

4  

5 

(948,725) 

(1,390,377) 

72,352 

205,534 

Loss for the year after tax 

(876,373) 

(1,184,843) 

Other comprehensive income net of 
tax 

Total comprehensive loss for the 
year attributable to equity owners 
of N4 Pharma Plc 

Loss per share attributable to 
owners of the parent 
Weighted average number of shares: 

Basic 
Diluted 

Basic loss per share 
Diluted loss per share 

- 

-     

(876,373) 

(1,184,843) 

100,168,016 
100,168,016 

(0.87p) 
(0.87p) 

89,440,373 
91,305,287 

(1.32p) 
(1.30p) 

All activities derive from continuing operations. 

The notes on pages 26 to 44 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements 

19 

 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
                                   
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
N4 Pharma Plc 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2019 

Notes 

6 

 7 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Investments 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total Assets 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 
Accruals and deferred income 

 8 

Total assets less current 
liabilities 

Net Assets 

Equity 

2019 
£ 

- 

99,269 
965,752 
1,065,021 

1,065,021 

(51,547) 
(26,136) 
(77,683) 

987,338 

2018 
£ 

- 
- 

276,926 
793,141 
1,070,067 

1,070,067 

(159,666) 
(30,457) 
(190,123) 

879,944 

987,338 

879,944 

Share capital  
Share premium  
Share option reserve 
Reverse acquisition reserve 
Merger reserve 
Retained earnings 

 10 
 10 
 10 

8,676,675 
10,327,258 
25,266 
(14,138,244) 
279,347 
(4,182,964) 

8,634,675 
9,328,848 
81,909 
(14,138,244) 
279,347 
(3,306,591) 

Total Equity 

987,338 

879,944 

The notes on pages 26 to 44 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.  

The consolidated financial statements were approved by the board of directors  on 24 February 2020 
and signed on its behalf: 

Nigel Theobald 

20 

 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Investments 
Intercompany loan receivable 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Notes 

6 
13 

 7 

Total Assets 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 
Accruals and deferred income 

 8 

2019 
£ 

1,094,847 
2,659,000 
3,753,847 

247,045 
760,085 
1,007,130 

4,760,977 

(8,742) 
(23,196) 
(31,938) 

2018 
£ 

1,094,847 
2,009,000 
3,103,847 

122,896 
646,398 
769,294 

3,873,141 

(5,244) 
(18,907) 
(24,151) 

Total assets less current 
liabilities 

4,729,039 

3,848,990 

Net Assets 

Equity 

Share capital  
Share premium  
Share option reserve 
Merger reserve 
Retained earnings 

Total Equity 

4,729,039 

3,848,990 

 10 
 10 
 10 

8,676,675 
10,327,258 
25,266 
279,347 
(14,579,507) 

8,634,675 
9,328,848 
81,909 
279,347 
(14,475,789) 

4,729,039 

3,848,990 

The Company recorded a pre-tax loss of £103,718 for the year (31 December 2018: £137,216 loss).  

The notes on pages 26 to 44 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.  

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors on 24 February 2020 and signed on 
its behalf: 

Nigel Theobald

21 

 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N4 Pharma Plc 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended 31 December 2019 

(i) Year ended 31 December 2019 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

£ 

£ 

Share 
Option 
Reserve 
£ 

Reverse 
Acquisition 
Reserve 
£ 

 Merger 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total Equity 

 £ 

£ 

£ 

Balance at 1 January 2019 

8,634,675 

9,328,848 

81,909 

(14,138,244)  

279,347 

(3,306,591) 

879,944 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 
Share issue 
Share option reserve 

- 
42,000  
- 

- 
998,410 
- 

- 
- 
(56,643) 

           -    
           -    

- 

            -  
           - 
           - 

(876,373) 

         -    

- 

(876,373) 
  1,040,410 
(56,643) 

At 31 December 2019 

8,676,675 

10,327,258 

25,266 

(14,138,244)  

279,347 

(4,182,964) 

987,338 

(ii) Year ended 31 December 2018 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

£ 

£ 

Share 
Option 
Reserve 

£ 

Reverse 
Acquisition 
Reserve 

Merger 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total Equity 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Balance at 1 January 2018 

8,579,396  

8,513,670 

147,635 

(14,138,244)  

299,045 

(2,121,748)  

1,279,754 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Share issue 
Share option reserve 

- 

55,279 
- 

- 

815,178 
- 

- 

           -    

           - 

(1,184,843) 

(1,184,843) 

- 
(65,726) 

- 
- 

(19,698) 
           - 

- 
- 

850,759 
(65,726) 

At 31 December 2018 

8,634,675 

9,328,848 

81,909 

(14,138,244)  

279,347 

(3,306,591) 

879,944 

The notes on pages 26 to 44 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

22 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
        
   
 
 
         
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

(i) Year ended 31 December 2019 

Share Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Share Option 
Reserve 

 Merger 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total Equity 

£ 

£ 

£ 

 £ 

£ 

£ 

Balance at 1 January 2019 

  8,634,675 

9,328,848 

81,909 

279,347 

 (14,475,789)  

3,848,990 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 
Share issue 
Share option reserve 

- 
42,000 
- 

- 
998,410 
- 

- 
- 
(56,643) 

- 
- 
- 

(103,718) 
- 
- 

(103,718) 
1,040,410 
(56,643) 

At 31 December 2019 

8,676,675 

10,327,258 

25,266 

279,347 

(14,579,507) 

4,729,039 

(ii) Year ended 31 December 2018 

Share Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Share Option 
Reserve 

Merger 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total Equity 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Balance at 1 January 2018 

  8,579,396  

8,513,670 

   147,635 

     299,045  

 (14,338,573)  

3,201,173 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

               -                     -    

                 -    

-  

(137,216) 

Share issue 
Share option reserve 

55,279 
- 

815,178 
- 

- 
(65,726) 

(19,698) 
- 

- 
- 

(137,216) 

850,759 
(65,726) 

At 31 December 2018 

  8,634,675 

9,328,848 

81,909 

279,347 

 (14,475,789)  

3,848,990 

The notes on pages 26 to 44 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
N4 Pharma Plc 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow for the year ended 31 December 2019 

Operating activities 

Loss before tax  
Finance expenditure 
Share based payments to employees 
Gain on sale of investments 

Operating loss before changes in working 
capital 

Movements in working capital: 
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other 
receivables  
(Decrease)/increase in trade, other 
payables and accruals 
Taxation 

Cash used in operations 

2019 
£ 

(948,725) 
1,385 
3,767 
- 

2018 
£ 

(1,390,377) 
981 
629 
(27,693) 

(943,573) 

(1,416,460) 

29,441 

(112,440) 

220,568 

(806,004) 

(9,266) 

 10,905 

70,574 

(1,344,247) 

Net cash flows used in operating activities 

(806,004) 

(1,344,247) 

Investing activities 
Sale of investments  

Net cash flows from investing activities 

Financing activities 
Finance expenditure 
Net proceeds of ordinary share issue 

Net cash flows from financing activities 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash 
equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of 
the year 

- 

- 

(1,385) 
980,000 

978,615 

172,611 

793,141 

27,693 

27,693 

(981) 
784,404 

783,423 

(533,131) 

1,326,272 

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

965,752 

793,141 

The notes on pages 26 to 44 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements 

24 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
N4 Pharma Plc 
Company Statement of Cash Flow for the year ended 31 December 2019 

Operating activities 

Loss before tax  
Interest 
Realised gain on sale of investment 
Share based payments to employees 

2019 
£ 

2018 
£ 

(103,718) 
(124,103) 
- 
3,767 

(137,216) 
(70,784) 
(27,693) 
629 

Operating loss before changes in working capital 

(224,054) 

(235,064) 

Movements in working capital: 
Increase in trade and other receivables  
Increase in trade and other payables 

Cash used in operations 

(124,149) 
7,787 

(340,416) 

(71,867) 
3,627 

(303,304) 

Net cash flows used in operating activities 

(340,416) 

(303,304) 

Investing activities 
Proceeds from sale of investments 
Acquisition of investment 
Loan receivable advancements 

- 
- 
(650,000) 

27,693 
(100) 
(1,200,000) 

Net cash flows used investing activities 

(650,000) 

(1,172,407) 

Financing activities 
Interest received 
Net proceeds of ordinary share issue 

124,103 
980,000 

70,784 
784,404 

Net cash flows from financing activities 

1,104,103 

855,188 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash 
equivalents 

113,687 

(620,523) 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 

646,398 

1,266,921 

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

760,085 

646,398 

The notes on pages 26 to 44 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements 

25 

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

1. 

Accounting policies 

1.1 

Reporting entity 

N4 Pharma Plc (the “Company”), is the holding company for N4 Pharma UK Limited (“N4 UK”), and N4 
Biotech Limited (“N4 Biotech”), and together form the group (the “Group”). N4 Pharma UK Limited is a 
specialist  pharmaceutical  company  engaged  in  the  development  of  mesoparticulate  silica  delivery 
systems  to  improve  the  cellular  delivery  and  potency  of  vaccines.  The  nature  of  the  business  is  not 
deemed to be impacted by seasonal fluctuations and as such performance is expected to be consistent. 

The  Company  is  domiciled  in  England  and  Wales  and  was  incorporated  and  registered  in  England  and 
Wales on 6 July 1979 as a public limited company and its shares are admitted to trading on AIM (LSE: 
N4P). The Company’s registered office is located at 6th Floor, 60 Gracechurch Street, London, EC3V 0HR. 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared and approved by the Directors in accordance 
with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the  EU  (“Adopted  IFRSs”).  The 
consolidated financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006 and give a true and fair view of 
the state of affairs of the Group.   

The accounting  policies set out  below have,  unless  otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all 
periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. 

1.2 

Measurement convention 

The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following 
items: 

• 

• 

• 

Share-based payments related to investment acquisition are measured at fair value shown in the 
Merger Reserve.  
Share-based  payments  related  to  employee  costs  are  measured  at  fair  value  shown  in  the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income.  
Share Warrants and Options are measured at fair value using the Black Scholes model (see note 
9). 

•  Equity investments are measured at fair value. 

The consolidated financial statements are presented in Great British Pounds (“GBP” or “£”). 

1.3 

Going concern 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  basis  of  accounting  principles 
applicable  to  a  going  concern.    The  Directors  consider  that  the  Group  will  have  access  to  adequate 
resources, as set out below, to meet both operational requirements for at least 12 months from the date 
of approval of these consolidated financial statements. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going 
concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 

The Group prepares regular business forecasts and monitors its projected cash flows, which are reviewed 
by  the  Board.  Forecasts  are  adjusted  for  reasonable  sensitivities  that  address  the  principal  risks  and 
uncertainties to which the Group is exposed, thus creating a number of different scenarios for the Board 
to  challenge.  In  those  cases,  where  scenarios  deplete  the  Group’s  cash  resources  too  rapidly, 
consideration is given to the potential actions available to management to mitigate the impact of one or 
more of these sensitivities, in particular the discretionary nature of costs incurred by the Group, in order 
to ensure the continued availability of funds. 

As the Group did not have access to bank debt and future funding is reliant on issues of shares in the 
parent Company, the Board has derived a mitigation plan for the scenarios modelled as part of the going 
concern review.  

On the basis of this analysis, the Board has concluded that there is a reasonable expectation that the 
Company will have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future 
being a period of at least twelve months from the balance sheet date. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

1. 

Accounting policies (Cont’d) 

1.3 

Going concern (Cont’d) 

The Group currently has no source of operating cash inflows, other than interest and grant income, and 
has  incurred  net  operating  cash  outflows  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2019  of  £806,004  (2018: 
£1,344,247 outflow).  At 31 December 2019, the Group had cash balances of £965,752 (2018: £793,141) 
and a surplus in net working capital (current assets, including cash, less current liabilities)  of £987,338 
(2018: £879,944). 

The  Group continues to take steps to manage operational expenditure effectively and to manage the 
cash required for budgeted activities and working capital for at least 12 months from the date of approval 
of  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Close  monitoring  of  current  and  forecast  expenditure  is 
undertaken by the board and key executive decisions discussed at monthly board meetings. 

1.4 

Basis of consolidation  

Intra-Group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-Group 
transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 

1.5 

Revenue 

Revenue is recognised to the extent this it is probable that economic benefit will flow to the Group and 
the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the lower of value of the consideration 
received  or  receivable  for  the  sale  of  goods  or  services,  excluding  discounts,  rebates,  VAT  and  other 
sales taxes and duties.  

The Group has not recognised any revenue to date.  

1.6 

Government grant income 

Government grants are recognised only when there is reasonable assurance that the  Group will comply 
with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received. 

Government  grants  are  recognised  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income  on  a 
systematic basis over the periods in which the Group recognises and expenses the related costs for which 
the grants are intended to compensate. 

Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for 
the  purpose  of  giving  immediate  financial  support  to  the  Group  with  no  future  related  costs  are 
recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the period in which they become 
receivable. 

1.7 

Expenses  

Financing income and expenses 
Financing expenses comprise interest payable and finance charges and net foreign exchange losses that 
are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (see foreign currency accounting 
policy  note  1.13).  Financing  income  comprises  interest  receivable  on  funds  invested  and  net  foreign 
exchange gains. 

Interest  income  and  interest  payable  is  recognised  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive 
income as it accrues, using the effective interest method. Foreign currency gains and losses are reported 
on a net basis. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

1. 

Accounting policies (Cont’d) 

1.7 

Expenses (Cont’d) 

Research and development 
Research  costs  are  charged  against  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income  as  they  are 
incurred. Certain development costs will be capitalised as intangible assets when it is probable that the 
future economic benefits will flow to the Group. Such intangible assets will be amortised on a straight-
line basis from the point at which the assets are ready for use, over the period of the expected benefit, 
and are reviewed for impairment at each year end date. Other development costs are charged against 
income as incurred since the criteria for their recognition as an asset is not met.  

The criteria for recognising expenditure as an asset are: 

It is technically feasible to complete the product;  

▪ 
▪  Management intends to complete the product and use or sell it; 
▪  There is an ability to use or sell the product; 
▪ 
It can be demonstrated how the product will generate probable future economic benefits; 
▪  Adequate technical, financial and other resources are available to complete the development, 

use and sale of the product; and 

▪  Expenditure attributable to the product can be reliably measured.  

The costs on an internally generated intangible asset comprise all directly attributable costs necessary 
to  create,  produce  and  prepare  the  asset  to  be  capable  of  operating  in  the  manner  intended  by 
management.  Directly  attributable  costs  include  employee  costs  incurred  on  technical  development, 
testing and certification, materials consumed and any relevant third-party cost. The costs of internally 
generating developments are recognised as intangible assets and are subsequently measured in the same 
way as externally acquired intangible assets. However, until completion of the development project, the 
assets are subject to impairment testing only.  

1.8 

Taxation  

Taxation 
Taxation  for  the  year  comprises  current  and  deferred  tax.  Tax  is  recognised  in  the  consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in 
equity.  

Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted.  

Current tax 
Current  tax  is  recognised  at  the  amount  of  tax  payable  using  the  tax  rates  and  laws  that  have  been 
enacted or substantively enacted by the consolidated statement of financial position date.  

Deferred tax 
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the 
consolidated statement of financial position date.  

Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different 
from those in which they are recognised in consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax is measured 
using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are 
expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.  

Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable 
that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.  

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

1. 

Accounting policies (Cont’d) 

1.9 

Earnings per share  

The  Group  presents  basic  and  diluted  earnings  or  loss  per  share  data  for  its  ordinary  shares.    Basic 
earnings/loss per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders 
of  the  Company  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  during  the  period, 
adjusted for own shares held.  Diluted earnings/loss per share is determined by adjusting the profit or 
loss  attributable  to  ordinary  shareholders  and  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares 
outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which 
comprise share options and warrants granted. 

1.10  Operating segments  

Segment results that are reported to the Chief Executive Officer include items directly attributable to a 
segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis.  Unallocated items comprise mainly 
corporate assets, head office expenses, and income tax assets and liabilities. 

Segment capital expenditure is the total cost incurred during the period to acquire plant and equipment, 
and intangible assets other than goodwill. 

The  Group  operated  in  one  business  segment,  that  of  the  development  and  commercialisation  of 
medicines via its delivery system called Nuvec®. No revenue has yet been generated by any of the work 
undertaken by the Group.  

The  Directors  consider  that  there  are  no  identifiable  business  segments  that  are  subject  to  risks  and 
returns different to the core business. The information reported to the Directors, for the purposes of 
resource allocation and assessment of performance, is based wholly on the overall activities of the Group.  

1.11  Classification of financial instruments issued by the Group 

In accordance with IAS 32, financial instruments issued by the  Group are treated as equity only to the 
extent that they meet the following two conditions:  

(a) 

(b) 

they include no contractual obligations upon the Group to deliver cash or other financial assets 
or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another party under conditions that 
are potentially unfavourable to the Group; and 

where the instrument will or may be settled in the Company’s own equity instruments, it is either 
a non-derivative that includes no obligation to deliver a variable number of the Company’s own 
equity instruments or is a derivative that will be settled by the Company’s exchanging a fixed 
amount of cash or other financial assets for a fixed number of its own equity instruments. 

To the extent that this definition is not met, the proceeds of issue are classified as a financial liability.  
Where  the  instrument  so  classified  takes  the  legal  form  of  the  Company’s  own  shares,  the  amounts 
presented  in  these  consolidated  financial  statements  for  called  up  share  capital  and  share  premium 
account exclude amounts in relation to those shares.   

Where a financial instrument that contains both equity and financial liability components exists these 
components are separated and accounted for individually under the above policy. 

1.12  Non-derivative financial instruments  

Non-derivative financial instruments comprise investments, trade and other receivables, cash and cash 
equivalents and trade and other payables. 

Investments 
Investments are equity investments recognised initially at cost and subsequently revalued to their fair 
value. Fair value is determined by reference to published price quotations in the AIM market. Gains and 
losses arising from changes in the fair value are recognised in profit or loss within other income or other 
expenses.  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

1. 

Accounting policies (Cont’d) 

1.12  Non-derivative financial instruments (Cont’d)  

Trade and other payables 
Trade and other payables are recognised initially at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition they are 
measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and comprise cash in hand, deposits held at call with 
banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank 
overdrafts. Any overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.  

1.13 

Foreign currency 

Foreign currency transactions 
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of the Group’s 
entities at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated  in  foreign  currencies  at  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  date  are 
retranslated to the functional currency at the foreign exchange rate ruling at that date. Foreign exchange 
differences arising on translation are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 
Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency 
are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.  

1.14 

Impairment  

A  financial  asset  not  carried  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  is  assessed  at  each  reporting  date  to 
determine  whether  there  is  objective  evidence  that  it  is  impaired.  A  financial  asset  is  impaired  if 
objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and 
that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be 
estimated reliably. 

An  impairment  loss  in  respect  of  a  financial  asset  measured  at  amortised  cost  is  calculated  as  the 
difference  between  its  carrying  amount  and  the  present  value  of  the  estimated  future  cash  flows 
discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate.  Interest on the impaired asset continues to be 
recognised  through  the  unwinding  of  the  discount.  When  a  subsequent  event  causes  the  amount  of 
impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss. 

The  carrying  amounts  of  the  Group’s  non-financial  assets  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  to 
determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s 
recoverable amount is estimated.  

The recoverable amount of an asset is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. 
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a 
pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks 
specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually 
are grouped together into the smallest Group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use 
that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or Groups of assets (the “cash-generating 
unit”).  

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generating unit exceeds 
its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses 
recognised in respect of cash generated units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any 
goodwill allocated to the units, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit 
(Group of units) on a pro rata basis. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

1.  

Accounting policies (Cont’d) 

1.14 

Impairment (Cont’d) 

Impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that 
the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in 
the  estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the 
extent  that  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  does  not  exceed  the  carrying  amount  that  would  have  been 
determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. 

1.15 

Share based payment arrangements 

Share-based payment arrangements in which the Group receives goods or services as consideration for 
its  own  equity  instruments  are  accounted  for  as  equity-settled  share-based  payment  transactions, 
regardless of how the equity instruments are obtained by the Group.   

Share-based  transactions,  other  than  those  with  employees,  are  measured  at  the  value  of  goods  or 
services received where this can be reliably measured.  Where the services received are not identifiable, 
their  fair  value  is  determined  by  reference  to  the  grant  date  fair  value  of  the  equity  instruments 
provided.  Should it not be possible to measure reliably the fair value of identifiable goods and services 
received, their fair value shall be determined by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments 
provided measured over the period of time that the goods and services are received. 

The expense is recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income or capitalised as part 
of an asset when the goods are received or as services are provided, with a corresponding increase in 
equity. 

The  grant  date  fair  value  of  share-based  payment  awards  granted  to  employees  is  recognised  as  an 
employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees become 
unconditionally entitled to the awards.  The fair value of the options granted is measured using an option 
valuation model, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the options were granted.  The 
amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of awards for which the related 
service  and  non-market  vesting  conditions  are  expected  to  be  met,  such  that  the  amount  ultimately 
recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-
market  performance  conditions  at  the  vesting  date.  For  share-based  payment  awards  with  non-vesting 
conditions, the grant date fair value of the share-based payment is measured to reflect such conditions and 
there is no “true-up” for differences between expected and actual outcomes. 

Share-based payment transactions in which the Group receives goods or services by incurring a liability 
to transfer cash or other assets that is based on the price of the Group’s equity instruments are accounted 
for  as  cash-settled  share-based  payments.    The  fair  value  of  the  amount  payable  to  recipients  is 
recognised  as  an  expense,  with  a  corresponding  increase  in  liabilities,  over  the  period  in  which  the 
recipients become unconditionally entitled to payment. The liability is re-measured at each consolidated 
statement of financial position date and at settlement date. Any changes in the fair value of the liability 
are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

1. 

Accounting policies (Cont’d) 

1.16  Adoption of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards 

The following IFRS standards, amendments or interpretations became effective during the year ended 
31 December 2019 but have not had a material effect on this consolidated financial information: 

IFRS 16  
IFRIC 23 
IFRS 9 
IAS 28 
IAS19 

Leases 
Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments 
Prepayments Features with Negative Compensation 
Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures 
Plan amendment, Curtailment and Settlement 

All  new  standards  and  amendments  to  standards  and  interpretations  effective  for  annual  periods 
beginning on or after 1 January  2019 that are applicable to the Group have been applied in preparing 
these consolidated financial statements. 

The standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of 
the consolidated financial statements are disclosed below. The Group intends to adopt these standards, 
if applicable, when they become effective.  

Standard 
Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards 
Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations 
Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8: Definition of Material 
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 

Effective date 
1 January 2020 
1 January 2020 
1 January 2020 
1 January 2020 

The  Directors  are  continuing  to  assess  the  potential  impact  that  the  adoption  of  the  standards  listed 
above will have on the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019.  

1.17  Use of estimates and judgements 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to 
make certain judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies 
and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses during the period.  Actual results 
may differ from these estimates.   

Estimates  and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  Revisions  to  accounting 
estimates  are  recognised  in  the  period  in  which  the  estimates  are  revised  and  in  any  future  periods 
affected. 

In  the  process  of  applying  the  Group’s  accounting  policies,  management  has  decided  the  following 
estimates and assumptions are material to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities recognised in 
the consolidated financial statements.  

Critical judgements 
Research and development expenditure 
The  key  estimates  and  judgements  surrounding  the  capitalisation  of  Research  &  Development 
expenditure is such that this expenditure will only be capitalised when the recognition criteria is met 
and is otherwise written off to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The recognition 
criteria include the identification of a clearly defined project with separately identifiable expenditure 
where the outcome of the project, in terms of its technical feasibility and commercial viability, can be 
measured  or  assessed  with  reasonable  certainty  and  that  sufficient  resources  exist  to  complete  a 
profitable  project.  In  the  event  that  these  criteria  are  met,  and  it  is  probable  that  future  economic 
benefit attributable to the product will flow to the Group, then the expenditure will be capitalised.  

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

1. 

Accounting policies (Cont’d) 

1.17  Use of estimates and judgements (Cont’d) 

Impairment of investments and intercompany debtors 
The subsidiary has sustained losses and the balance sheet is in deficit.  This is a potential indicator of 
impairment.  The recoverability of intercompany debtor and the cost of investment is dependent on the 
future profitability of the entity.  No provision for impairment has been made in these accounts and this 
is a significant judgement. 

2. 

Risk management 

Overview 
The Group has exposure to the following risks: 

Liquidity risk; 

•  Credit risk; 
• 
•  Tax risk; 
•  Market risk; and 
•  Operational risk 

This note presents information about the  Group’s exposure to each of the above risks, its objectives, 
policies  and  processes  for  measuring  and  managing  risk,  and  its  management  of  capital.    Further 
quantitative disclosures are included throughout these consolidated financial statements. 

Risk management framework 
The  Board  of  Directors  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  establishment  and  oversight  of  the  risk 
management framework and developing and monitoring the Group’s risk management policies. Key risk 
areas  have  been  identified  and  the  Group’s  risk  management  policies  and  systems  will  be  reviewed 
regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Group’s activities.   

The Audit Committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the Group’s risk management 
policies and procedures and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the 
risks faced by the Group. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument 
fails  to  meet  its  contractual  obligations  and  arises  principally  from  the  Group’s  bank  deposits  and 
receivables. See note 12 for further detail. The risk of non-collection is considered to be low. This risk 
is deemed low at present due to the Group not yet trading and generating revenue but is a consideration 
for future risks.  

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated 
with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset.  The  Group’s 
approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity 
to  meet  its  liabilities  when  due,  under  both  normal  and  stressed  conditions,  without  incurring 
unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group’s reputation. 

Tax risk 
Any change in the Group’s tax status or in taxation legislation or its interpretations could affect the value 
of the investments held by the Group or the Group’s ability to provide returns to shareholders or alter 
post-tax returns to shareholders. 

Market risk and competition 
The  Group  operates  as  a  specialist  pharmaceutical  company  engaged  in  the  development  of 
mesoparticulate silica delivery systems to improve the cellular delivery and  potency of vaccines. The 
Group is entering into a market with existing competitors and the prospect of new entrants entering the 
current market. There is no guarantee that current competitors or new entrants to the market will not 
appeal to a wider portion of the Group’s target market or command broader band awareness.   

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

2. 

Risk management (Cont’d) 

In addition, the Group’s future potential revenues from product sales will be affected by changes in the 
market  price  of  pharmaceutical  drugs  and  could  also  be  subject  to  regulatory  controls  or  similar 
restrictions. 

Operational risk 
The  Group  is  at  an  early  stage  of  development  and  is  subject  to  several  operational  risks.  The 
commencement of the Group’s material revenues is difficult to predict and there is no guarantee the 
Group will generate material revenues in the future.  

Operational risk (Cont’d) 
The Group has a limited operational history upon which its performance and prospects can be evaluated 
and faces the risks frequently encountered by developing companies. The risks include the uncertainty 
as to which areas of pharmaceuticals to target for growth. 

Regulatory and legislative risk 
The  operations  of  the  Group  are  such  that  it  is  exposed  to  the  risk  of  litigation  from  its  suppliers, 
employees and regulatory authorities. Exposure to litigation or fines imposed by regulatory authorities 
may affect the Group’s reputation even though monetary consequences may not be significant.  

Changes  to  legislation,  regulations,  rules  and  practices  may  change  and  is  often  the  case  in  the 
pharmaceutical industry which is highly regulated and susceptible to regular change. Any changes may 
have an adverse effect on the Group’s operations.  

Protection of intellectual property 
The  Group’s  ability  to  compete  significantly  relies  upon  the  successful  protection  of  its  intellectual 
property, in particular its licenced and owned patent applications for Nuvec®. The Group seeks to protect 
its  intellectual  property  through  the  filing  of  worldwide  patent  applications,  as  well  as  robust 
confidentiality obligations on its employees. However, this does not provide assurance that a third party 
will  not  infringe  on  the  Group’s  intellectual  property,  release  confidential  information  about  the 
intellectual property or claim technology which is registered to the Group. 

Capital management 
The Group has no loans or borrowings and has sufficient resources, in the view of the Directors, to meet 
its working capital requirements for the next 12 months. 

The Group manages its capital through the preparation of detailed forecasts, and tracks actual receipts 
and outlays against the forecasts on a regular basis,  to ensure that the Group will be able to continue 
as a going concern while maximising the return to shareholders. 

The capital structure of the Group consists of cash and cash equivalents and equity comprising, capital, 
reserves and accumulated losses. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

3. 

Employees and directors 

The average monthly number of employees during the year was 5(2018: 4). The directors of the Group 
are  employed  by  N4  Pharma  UK  Limited  UK  and  as  such  are  included  in  the  employee  figure.  Total 
directors remuneration is detailed in note 13 of these consolidated financial statements.  

Year to 31 
December 2019 
£ 

Year to 31 
December 2018 
£ 

270,472 

34,956 

1,209 

233,282 

22,556 

807 

306,637 

256,645 

Year to 31  
December 2019 

Year to 31  
December 2018 

£ 

£ 

21,200 

20,600 

700 

- 

1,000 

3,550 

2019 
£ 

2018 
£ 

(72,352) 

- 
(72,352) 

(222,066) 

16,532 
(205,534) 

- 

- 

(72,352) 

(205,534) 

  Wages and Salaries  

Social security costs  

Pension costs 

4. 

Loss before tax 

Loss before taxation is arrived after charging: 

Fees payable to the Group’s auditors for the audit  
of the Group’s financial statements 

Other fees payable to auditors: 
-  Other assurance services 

-  Tax advisory services 

5. 

Taxation  

Current tax 

  Research and development tax credit receivable for 

the current period 

  Adjustments in respect of prior periods 

  Deferred tax 
  Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

  Tax in income statement 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

5. 

Taxation (Cont’d) 

The tax charge for the year can be reconciled to the loss in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Income as follows: 

Loss before taxation 

2019 

£ 

2018 

£ 

(948,725) 

(1,390,377) 

Tax at the UK corporation tax rate of 19% (2018: 19%) 

(180,258) 

(264,171) 

Expenses not deductible 
Net Research and development tax credits 
Changes in unrecognized deferred tax 
Prior year adjustment 
Tax charge for the year 

- 
(72,352) 
180,258 
- 
(72,352) 

 (5,320) 
(96,406) 
 143,831 
16,532 
(205,534) 

At the year end the Group had trading losses carried forward of £1,706,986 (2018: £1,257,239) for use 
against future profits. 

6. 

Investments 

Inventory of securities 

The Company held 1,388,889 Ferring warrants and 542,233 Valirx warrants both of which had no value 
as at the year-end 31 December 2018. These were legacy holdings from Onzima Plc prior to the RTO. 
These warrants expired during the financial year ended 31 December 2019. 

Investment in subsidiary  

Company 

Cost 

Balance at 1 January 

Additions  

2019 

£ 

2018 

£ 

1,094,847 

1,094,747 

- 

100 

Balance at 31 December 

1,094,847 

1,094,847 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

6. 

Investments (Cont’d) 

Investment in subsidiary (cont’d) 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2019 are as follows: 

Place of 
incorporation and 
operation 

Principal activity 

Proportion of 
ownership and 
voting rights held 

  N4 Pharma UK Limited 

England and Wales 

  N4 Biotech Limited 

England and Wales 

Delivery of 
vaccines and 
therapeutics 
Wholesale of 
pharmaceutical 
goods  

100% 

100% 

The accounting reference date of the subsidiaries are co-terminus with that of the Company. N4 Biotech 
Limited was dissolved on 14 January 2020. The registered office of N4 Pharma UK Limited is The Mills, 
Canal Street, Derby, DE1 2RJ. 

7. 

Trade and other receivables 

  Prepayments  

  VAT receivable  

  Corporation tax debtor  

  R&D expenditure credit  

  Loan interest receivable 

  Other debtors 

8. 

Trade and other payables 

  Trade creditors 

  Employee creditors 

  Loan due to directors  

  Other creditors 

Group 
2019 
£ 

11,758 

13,660 

72,352 

1,499 

- 

- 

Group 
2018 
£ 

11,861 

42,998 

220,568 

1,499 

- 

- 

Company 
2019 
£ 

Company 
2018 
£ 

10,478 

3,575 

- 

- 

229,492 

3,500 

10,534 

6,002 

- 

- 

103,960 

2,400 

99,269 

276,926 

247,045 

122,896 

Group 
2019 
£ 

27,157 

8,152 

16,000 

238 

Group 
2018 
£ 

113,093 

9,107 

36,000 

1,466 

Company 
2019 
£ 

Company 
2018 
£ 

7,512 

1,230 

- 

- 

4,844 

400 

- 

- 

51,547 

159,666 

8,742 

5,244 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

9.  Share-based payments 

a)  Options 

The Company has the ability to issue options to Directors to compensate them for services rendered and 
incentivise them to add value to the Group’s longer-term share value. Equity settled share-based payments 
are measured at fair value at the date of grant. The fair value determined is  unwound on a straight-line 
basis  over  the  vesting  period  based  on  the  Group’s  estimate  of  the  number  of  shares  that  will  vest  and 
recognised as share premium. The value of the change is adjusted to reflect the expected and actual levels 
of vesting. 

Cancellations of equity instruments are treated as an acceleration of the vesting period and any outstanding 
charge is recognised in full immediately.  

Fair value is measured using a Black Scholes pricing model. The key assumptions used in the model have 
been  adjusted  based  on  management’s  best  estimate  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise 
restrictions and behavioral considerations. The inputs into model were as follows: 

2017 Options 

2018 Options 

2019 Options 

Share price 

Exercise price 

Expected volatility 

Expected option life 

Risk free rate 

6.375p 

7p 

27.2% 

3 years 

4.75% 

6.6p 

6.6p 

45.2% 

6.5 years 

5.00% 

3.55p 

3.55p 

37.4% 

6.5 years 

5.00% 

As at 31 December 2019, there were 7,679,370 (2018: 7,249,084) options in existence over ordinary shares 
of the Company allocated as follows: 

Name 

2015 Options 
Gavin Burnell 
Luke Cairns 

2017 Options 
Luke Cairns 
David Templeton 
Paul Titley 

2018 Options 
Alan Hey 

2019 Options 
John Chiplin 
Christopher Britten 

Total options 

Date of 
Grant 

14.10.15 
14.10.15 

03.05.17 
03.05.17 
03.05.17 

Ordinary 
shares under 
option 

  Expiry Date 

Exercise 
Price £ 

2,701,210  

675,302                  

  14.10.25 
  14.10.25 

717,143                   
717,143                   
717,143                

  14.10.25 
  14.10.25 
  14.10.25 

0.028 
0.028 

0.070 
0.070 
0.070 

0.066 

26.09.18 

717,143                   

  26.09.28 

21.05.19 
21.05.19 

717,143                   
717,143                  

  21.05.29 
  21.05.29 

0.0355 
0.0355 

7,679,370               

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

9. 

Share-based payments (Cont’d) 

a)  Options (Cont’d) 

The aggregate fair value of the share options issued is as follows:  

2015 Options 

2017 Options 

2018 Options 

2019 Options 

2019 

£ 

17,831 

3,037 

2,999 

1,399 

2018 

£ 

20,910           

6,040            

630                   
-                  
-    

27,580        
25,266                              

Each option  entitles the holder to  subscribe for one ordinary share in N4  Pharma Plc. Options  do  not 
confer any voting rights on the holder. 

In  the  case  of  the  2017  share  options  granted  to  Paul  Titley,  a  total  of  1,434,286  were  granted,  the 
exercise of options over 717,143 ordinary shares were subject to certain performance conditions. These 
options were exercisable at a price of 7 pence per share (post-Share Re-Organisation) at any time before 
14 October 2025. However, these share options lapsed prior to the final reporting date of 31 December 
2019 due to his departure from the Company and those targets not being met. This leaves Paul Titley 
with 717,143 options which are exercisable on the 3rd anniversary of Admission, being 3 May 2020. 

On  26  September  2018  a  further  1,004,000  options  over  ordinary  shares  were  granted  under  the 
Company’s share option scheme to Andrew  Leishman and Alan Hey, and are exercisable at a price of 
6.60p per share.  

The share options granted to Andrew Leishman lapsed on 1 January 2019 due to his departure from the 
Company. 

The  share  options  granted  to  Alan  Hey  lapsed  subsequent  to  year  end  31  December  2019  due  to  his 
departure from the Company. 

On 21 May 2019 717,143 options over ordinary shares were granted to both John Chiplin and Christopher 
Britten under the Company’s share option scheme and are exercisable at a price of 3.55p per share. 

b)  Warrants 

As part of the Placing on 3 May 2017 which raised £1,500,000 before fees and expenses, the Company 
issued warrants on a 1 for 1 basis at an exercise price of 8.5p per warrant. This resulted in the issue of 
21,428,571 warrants exercisable at 8.5p. The Company also issued warrants, exercisable at 8.5p, to the 
Company’s brokers on the transaction in lieu of fees (together, the “Placing Warrants”). This resulted in 
the total number of Placing Warrants in issue immediately following the Placing being 22,710,923. 

The warrants entitled holders to subscribe for new ordinary shares at any time in the period of two 
years following the grant of the warrants. The expiry date of the placing warrants was 3 May 2019.  

2019 

Date of Grant 

03.05.2017 

Warrant 
balance at 
1 January 
2019 
11,054,071 

Expiry 
Date 

Exercise 
Price £ 

Exercised 
Warrants 

Number of 
Shares issued 
(1:1) 

03.05.2019  0.085 

- 

- 

Remaining 
Warrants at 
31 December 
2019 
- 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

9. 

Share-based payments (Cont’d) 

b) Warrants (Cont’d) 

2018 

Date of Grant 

03.05.2017 

Warrant 
balance at 
1 January 
2018 
20,282,351 

Expiry 
Date 

Exercise 
Price £ 

Exercised 
Warrants 

Number of 
Shares issued 
(1:1) 

03.05.2019  0.085 

9,228,280 

9,228,280 

Remaining 
Warrants at 
31 December 
2018 
11,054,071 

During  the  year  ended  31  December  2019  none  of  the  warrants  issued  on  3  May  2017  were  exercised 
(2018: 9,228,280). The remaining balance of the warrants totaling 11,054,071 expired on 3 May 2019. 

During  the  year,  an  amount  of  £54,329  (2018:  £792,846),  representing  the  expired  warrants  (2018: 
exercised  warrants),  has  been  recognised  against  share  premium  and  £nil  (2018:  £36,913)  to  share 
capital. The fair value of the warrants in issue and not yet exercised was determined using the Black 
Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants at 31 December 2019 is £nil (2018: £54,329). 

10. 

Capital and reserves 

101,462,537 Ordinary Shares of 0.4p each (2018: 
90,962,537 Ordinary Shares of 0.4p each) 
137,674,431 Deferred Shares of 0.4p each (2018: 
137,674,431 Deferred Shares of 0.4p each) 
279,176,540 Deferred Shares of 0.099p each (2018: 
279,176,540 Deferred Shares of 0.099p each) 

2019 
£ 
405,850 

2018 
£ 
363,850 

5,506,977 

5,506,977 

2,763,848 

2,763,848 

8,676,675 

8,634,675 

All  ordinary  shares  rank  equally  in  all  respects,  including  for  dividends,  shareholder  attendance  and 
voting rights at meetings, on a return of capital and in a winding-up. 

During the year 10,500,000 new ordinary shares of 0.4p each were issued. 

The 137,674,431 deferred shares of 0.4p, have no right to dividends nor do the holders thereof have the 
right to receive notice of or to attend or vote at any general meeting of the Company. On a return of 
capital or on a winding up of the Company, the holders of the deferred shares shall only be entitled to 
receive the amount paid up on such shares after the holders of the ordinary shares have received the 
sum of £1,000,000 for each ordinary share held by them. 

The  279,176,540  deferred  shares  of  0.099p  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  special  dividend,  which  is 
payable upon the repayment to the Company of any amount owed under certain loan agreement, after 
which the Company shall, in priority to any distribution to any other class of share, pay to the holders of 
the Special Deferred Shares an aggregate amount equal to the amount repaid pro rata according to the 
number of such shares paid up as to their nominal value held by each shareholder. They shall be entitled 
to no other distribution save for a special dividend and shall not be entitled to receive notice of or attend 
or vote at a general meeting of the Company. On a return of capital on a winding up of the Company, 
shall only be entitled to receive the amount paid up on such shares up to a maximum of 0.9 pence per 
share after the holders of the Ordinary Shares and the Deferred Shares have received their return on 
capital. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

10. 

Capital and reserves (Cont’d) 

Reserves 
Share premium reserve 
The share  premium reserve comprises the excess of  consideration  received over the par value of the 
shares issued, plus the nominal value of share capital at the date of redesignation at no par value. 

Share option reserve 
The share option reserve comprises the fair value of warrants and options granted, less the fair value of 
lapsed and expired warrants and options. 

Reserves in the consolidated statement of financial position comprise the share option reserve, reverse 
acquisition reserve and the merger reserve. 

11. 

Earnings per share 

The calculation of basic loss per share at 31 December 2019 was based on the loss of £876,373 (2018: 
£1,184,843),  and  a  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  of  100,168,016  (2018: 
89,440,373), calculated as follows: 

Losses attributable to ordinary shareholders 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

2019 
£ 

2018 
£ 

876,373 

1,184,843 

Issued ordinary shares at 1 January  
Effect of shares issued during the year 

89,440,373 
10,727,643 

64,783,082 
24,657,291 

Weighted average number of shares at 31 December 

100,168,016 

89,440,373 

Basic loss per share 

2019 pence 
per share 

2018 pence 
per share 

(0.87) 

(1.32) 

Diluted loss per share 
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of shares outstanding 
to assume conversion of all potential dilutive shares, namely share options. All of the options existing at 
31 December 2019 have an exercise price that is greater than the market price of the shares and as a 
result are non dilutive and excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation.The calculation of diluted 
loss per share at 31 December 2019 was based on the loss of £876,373 (31 December 2018: £1,184,843), 
and a weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding of 100,168,016 (2018: 91,305,287). 

Diluted loss per share 

12. 

Financial instruments 

(a) Fair values of financial instruments 

2019 pence 
per share 

2018 pence 
per share 

(0.87) 

(1.30) 

The fair values of all financial assets and financial liabilities are equal to their carrying amounts shown 
in the consolidated statement of financial position. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

12. 

Financial instruments (Cont’d) 

Trade and other receivables 
The  fair  value  of  trade  and  other  receivables  is  estimated  as  the  present  value  of  future  cash  flows, 
discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date if the effect is material. 

Trade and other payables 
The  fair  value  of  trade  and  other  payables  is  estimated  as  the  present  value  of  future  cash  flows, 
discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date if the effect is material. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
The  fair  value  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  is  estimated  as  its  carrying  amount  where  the  cash  is 
repayable  on  demand.    Where  it  is  not  repayable  on  demand  then  the  fair  value  is  estimated  at  the 
present value of future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. 

(b) Credit risk 

Financial risk management  
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument 
fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Group’s receivables and cash and 
cash  equivalents.  The  carrying  amount  of  cash,  cash  equivalents  and  term  deposits  represents  the 
maximum credit exposure on those assets.  The cash and cash equivalents are held with  UK bank and 
financial institution counterparties which are rated at least A. 

Exposure to credit risk 
The  carrying  amount  of  financial  assets  represents  the  maximum  credit  exposure.  Therefore,  the 
maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date of the Group was £99,269 (2018: £276,926), being 
the total of the carrying amount of financial assets, shown in the  consolidated statement of financial 
position. 

(c) Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due.  
The  following  are  the  contractual  maturities  of  financial  liabilities,  including  estimated  interest 
payments and excluding the impact of netting agreements. 

Group: 

Financial liabilities 

31 December 2019 
Trade and other 
payables 

31 December 2018 
Trade and other 
payables 

Company: 

Financial liabilities 

31 December 2019 
Trade and other 
payables 

31 December 2018 
Trade and other 
payables 

Carrying 
amount 
£ 

Contractual 
cash flows 
£ 

6 months or 
less 
£ 

6-12 
months 
£ 

1 -2 years 

£ 

51,547 

51,547 

51,547 

159,666 

159,666 

159,666 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Carrying 
amount 
£ 

Contractual 
cash flows 
£ 

6 months or 
less 
£ 

6-12 
months 
£ 

1 -2 years 

£ 

8,742 

8,742 

8,742 

5,244 

5,244 

5,244 

- 

- 

- 

- 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

12. 

Financial instruments (Cont’d) 

(d) Currency risk 

The Group does not have significant exposure to foreign currency risk at present. The  Group does not 
have  any  monetary  financial  instruments  which  are  held  in  a  currency  that  differs  from  that  entity’s 
functional currency. 

(e) Interest rate risk 

Profile 
At the reporting date the interest rate profile of interest-bearing financial instruments was: 

Group: 

Variable rate instruments 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Company: 

Variable rate instruments 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Carrying amount 

2019 
£ 

2018 
£ 

965,752 

793,141 

Carrying amount 

2019 
£ 

2018 
£ 

760,085 

646,398 

Cash flow sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments 
The Group’s interest-bearing assets at the reporting date were invested with financial institutions in the 
United Kingdom with a S&P rating of A2 and comprised solely bank accounts.  

A change in interest rates would have increased/(decreased) profit or loss by the amounts shown below. 
This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular, foreign currency rates, remain constant. This 
analysis is performed on the same basis for 2018. 

Group: 

Variable rate instruments 

Company: 

Variable rate instruments 

13. 

Related parties 

Key management personnel 

2019 
Profit or loss 

2018 
Profit or loss 

100 bp 
increase 
9,658 

100 bp 
decrease 
(9,658) 

100 bp 
increase 
7,931 

100 bp 
decrease 
(7,931) 

2019 
Profit or loss 

2018 
Profit or loss 

100 bp 
increase 
7,601 

100 bp 
decrease 
(7,601) 

100 bp 
increase 
6,464 

100 bp 
decrease 
(6,464) 

As at the year end, there are no key management personnel employed by the  Group in addition to the 
Directors.  

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 

N4 Pharma Plc 

13. 

Related parties (Cont’d) 

Directors’ remuneration and interests 

2019 

Director 

Cash-based 
payments 

Remuneration 
Share-based 
payments 

Totals 

Interests 

Shares 

Options 

£ 

£ 

£ 

No. 

No. 

Nigel Theobald (Chief 
Executive Officer) 
Paul  Titley  (resigned  20  May 
2019) 
David Templeton 
Luke Cairns 
Christopher Britten 
John Chiplin 

70,000 

15,282 

38,310 
24,000 
14,923 
14,667 

177,182 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

70,000 

16,981,319 

- 

15,282 

142,857 

717,143 

38,310 
24,000 
14,923 
14,667 

- 

717,143 
142,857  1,392,445 
717,143 
717,143 

- 
- 

177,182 

17,267,033  4,261,017 

The above remuneration relates to N4 Pharma Plc (and N4 Pharma UK Limited) directors. 

An amount of £16,000 (2018: £36,000) is payable to Nigel Theobald by N4 Pharma UK Limited. This forms 
part of the Trade and Other payables.  

No contributions are paid by the Group to a pension scheme on behalf of the Directors. 

N4 Pharma PLC has a loan receivable from N4  Pharma UK Limited at 31 December 2019 of £2,659,000 
(2018: £2,009,000). It is repayable in December 2025 and interest is receivable at 5%.  

There are no further related parties identified.  

14. 

Subsequent events 

N4 Biotech Limited was dissolved on 14 January 2020. 

The  share  options  granted  to  Alan  Hey  totaling  717,143  options  lapsed  subsequent  to  year  end  31 
December 2019 due to his departure from the Company. 

44