SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION EDGAR FILING
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP
Form: 10-K
Date Filed: 2017-03-10
Corporate Issuer CIK: 912061
© Copyright 2017, Issuer Direct Corporation. All Right Reserved. Distribution of this document is strictly prohibited, subject to the terms of use.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016
or
❑ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-36849
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
59-2705336
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
609 Deep Valley Drive
Suite 395
Rolling Hills Estates, California 90274
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (310) 541-0888
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Name of each exchange on which registered
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ❑ No ☑
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ❑ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ❑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ❑
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be
contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. ❑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the
definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ❑
Non-accelerated filer ❑ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Accelerated filer ☑
Smaller reporting company ❑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ❑ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the closing price of such common
equity on June 30, 2016: $202,402,875
At March 7, 2017, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 11,341,890 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the
end of the registrant’s fiscal year end to which this report relates are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated.
EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.
EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
December 31, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.
Signatures
Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, in particular “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and
“Item 1. Business,” include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). When used in this report, the words or phrases “will likely result,” “expect,” “intend,” “will continue,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe” and similar
expressions are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Exchange Act. These statements represent our expectations or
beliefs concerning, among other things, future revenue, earnings, growth strategies, new products and initiatives, future operations and operating results, and
future business and market opportunities.
Forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date hereof, and forward-looking statements in documents incorporated by reference speak
only as of the date of those documents. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new
information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. We caution and advise readers that these statements are based on certain assumptions that
may not be realized and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations and beliefs contained herein.
For a summary of certain risks related to our business, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this report. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ
materially from our forward-looking statements are set forth in this report, including under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” and in our financial statements and the related notes.
Unless otherwise noted, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” and “Company,” refer to Natural Health Trends Corp. and its subsidiaries. References to “dollars” and
“$” are to United States dollars.
EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.
Table of Contents
Item 1. BUSINESS
Overview of Business
Part I
Natural Health Trends Corp. is an international direct-selling and e-commerce company headquartered in Rolling Hills Estates, California. Subsidiaries
controlled by us sell personal care, wellness, and “quality of life” products under the “NHT Global” brand. Our wholly-owned subsidiaries have an active physical
presence in the following markets: North America; Greater China, which consists of Hong Kong, Taiwan and China; South Korea; Singapore; Malaysia; Japan;
and Europe. We also operate in Russia and Kazakhstan through our engagement with a local service provider. See Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report for further information about our net sales by geographic area.
Most of our order volume, particularly in our Hong Kong subsidiary, is for personal consumption through existing members’ referrals. The exception is our
Chinese entity, where we sell directly to consumers through an e-commerce retail platform. Our objectives are to enrich the lives of the users of our products and
enable our members to benefit financially from the sale of our products.
We were originally incorporated as a Florida corporation in 1988. We re-incorporated in Delaware effective June 29, 2005.
Our common stock is currently traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “NHTC.”
Available Information
We maintain executive offices at 609 Deep Valley Drive, Suite 395, Rolling Hills Estates, California 90274 and our telephone number is (310) 541-0888.
Our website is located at www.naturalhealthtrendscorp.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K,
and amendments to such reports are available, free of charge, on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file electronically such material with, or
furnish it to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. The information provided on our website should not be considered part of this
report. The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington,
DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1–800–SEC–0330. The SEC maintains an
internet website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with
the SEC.
Our Principal Products
We offer a line of “NHT Global” branded products in five distinct categories: wellness, herbal, beauty, lifestyle, and home, our newest category. These
product categories, along with the business opportunity we offer in most of our markets, provide our members a platform to further their goal of achieving and
maintaining healthy, quality lifestyles complete with product supplementation and the opportunity for financial rewards.
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Description
Products
Liquid, encapsulated, tableted and powder dietary
and nutritional supplements, vitamins, minerals
Premium Noni Juice, Triotein ®, Cluster X2 ®,
Children’s Chewable MultiVitamin, ReStor Silver®,
ReStor Vital®, HerBalance®, Trifusion Max™,
Glucosamine 2200, FibeRich®, Energin, Enhanced
Essential Probiotics®, Omega 3 Essential Fatty
Acids, Memory Burst®, StemRenu®, OcuFocus, FE
Enzyme Toothpaste
LivaPro®, Cordyceps Mycelia CS-4 , Purus
Skindulgence® 30-Minute Non-Surgical Facelift
System, Time Restore Eye Cream and Essence,
BioCell Mask, 24K Renaissance Rejuvenation
Serum, Valesce®, Soothe™, Floraeda Hydrating
Series, NHT Homme®, Complete Renewal 8
Shampoo, Conditioner and Hair Mask
Table of Contents
The following table summarizes our product offering by category:
Product Category
Wellness
Products formulated and designed to meet specific
wellness goals of our customers. Includes targeted
nutrition such as joint health, antioxidant support,
digestive health, heart health, vision health,
immune support and cellular health.
Herbal
Products formulated incorporating ingredients
commonly found in traditional Chinese medicine
Herbal supplements
Facial skin care and body care
Beauty
Products to help improve skin health and bring an
appearance of youthful vibrancy. This product line
includes anti-aging and hydrating cleansers,
creams, lotions, serums and toners to moisturize,
protect and improve the appearance of skin.
Lifestyle
Products uniquely formulated to improve overall
quality of life and to support active, physical and
healthy lifestyles including weight management,
intimacy support and energy enhancing
supplements.
Home
Products designed to create a clean and natural
living environment for the home
Supplements and topical gels for improved vitality
Alura® Lux by NHT Global, Valura Lux ™,
LaVie™ Vibrant Energy drink, Twin Slim Diet Jelly®,
NaturalGlo™
Home and car appliances
PurAir Air Purifier, AquaPur Water Purifier
We continuously source unique, proprietary and immediate impact products to offer to our members and customers. Our product development is an
ongoing process that is fueled by marketplace trends, new scientific findings, members’ input, research and vendor proposals.
Working closely with raw material manufacturers and contract manufacturers, our mission is to co-develop and bring to market the highest quality products.
Our manufacturers are primarily located in the United States, as well as a few in South Korea, Hong Kong and China. Our raw materials are sourced from
reputable suppliers around the world. In addition, raw material Certificates of Analysis are reviewed in our effort to assure that the appropriate testing has been
performed and are within ingredient specification requirements.
Operations of the Business
Operating Strategy
Our objective is to help our members succeed in achieving their life objectives; be it personal health, beauty, happiness or financial security. Our
professionals focus on assisting our members in attaining their goals.
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Table of Contents
We believe we have a competitive business model applicable to the markets in which we operate based on six key competencies:
• Our field leaders are experienced and culturally coherent. They work effectively with our management, implementing our strategies and providing
continuous feedback to improve our services.
•
A discipline and capability has been established to continue launching high-quality consumer products that are designed to facilitate the accomplishment
of our corporate objectives.
• We have developed and rolled out a comprehensive training system that provides a complete career path appropriate for our members. Our training
material covers the needs of our members, be they prospects, new recruits, product evangelists, sales leaders or dream builders.
• We have developed a year-round, multi-faceted promotional plan that targets different segments of our membership and has proven most effective in the
last few years.
• We have implemented a commission structure that makes it as easy as possible to join our business, while giving existing members a chance to start
making money as quickly as possible in multiple ways.
•
The continuously improving mentality and methodology in our customer services have not only distinguished us as an organization, but have also given
us a constant flow of information as to how we can do better to service our members.
Sourcing of Products
Our corporate staff works with research and development personnel of our manufacturers and other prospective vendors to create product concepts and
develop the product ideas into actual products. We then may enter into supply agreements with the vendors pursuant to which we obtain rights to sell the
products under private labels (or trademarks) that are owned by us. In addition, some of our local markets introduce their own products from time to time and
these products are sometimes adopted by our other markets.
We generally purchase finished goods from manufacturers and sell them to our members for personal consumption. We believe that in the event we are
unable to source products from our current or alternate suppliers, our revenue, income and cash flow could be adversely and materially impacted. We have a
contract with one of our suppliers through February 2019 with automatic renewal rights.
Marketing and Distribution
We distribute our products internationally primarily through a network marketing system, which is a form of person-to-person direct selling. Under this
system, members primarily refer our products to prospective consumers or they may buy at wholesale prices for personal consumption or for resale to
consumers. The concept of network marketing is based on the strength of personal recommendations that frequently come from friends, neighbors, relatives,
and close acquaintances. We believe that network marketing is an effective way to distribute our products because it allows person-to-person product
education and testimonials as well as higher levels of customer service, all of which are not as readily available through other distribution channels. In this
document, we generically use the term “member” to refer to members who purchase for their own consumption or for resale, or both, as well as to members who
only sign up to consume our products.
Each of our products is designated a specified number of bonus volume points. Commissions are based on total personal and group bonus volume points
per weekly sales period. Bonus volume points are essentially a percentage of a product’s wholesale price.
Our members are independent full-time or part-time contractors who purchase products directly from our subsidiaries via the internet for their own personal
consumption or for resale to retail consumers. Purchasers of our products in China and certain other markets may purchase only for their own personal
consumption and not for resale.
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Table of Contents
The following table sets forth the number of active members by market as of the dates indicated. We consider a member “active” if they have placed at
least one product order with us during the preceding year. Members may not necessarily reside in the market for which they sign up as a member.
North America
Hong Kong (including those members residing in China) 1
Taiwan
South Korea
Japan
Singapore
Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine2
Europe
December 31,
2016
2015
3,720
108,570
4,030
290
100
80
940
1,230
2,870
100,820
3,280
420
100
—
1,460
410
Total
1 Substantially all of our Hong Kong revenues are derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors”.
2 We discontinued our Ukraine operations during the second quarter of 2015.
118,960
109,360
Members must agree to the terms and conditions of our member agreement posted on our website and generally pay an annual enrollment fee. The
member agreement sets forth our policies and procedures, and we may elect to terminate a member for non-compliance.
We pay commissions to eligible members based on product purchases by such members’ down-line members during a given commission period. To be
eligible to receive commissions, members in some countries may be required to make nominal monthly or other periodic purchases of products. See “Working
with Members.”
Members generally place orders through the internet and pay by credit card prior to shipment. Accordingly, we carry minimal accounts receivable and credit
losses are historically negligible.
We sponsor promotional meetings and motivational training events for current and potential members. These events are designed to inform prospective and
existing members about both existing and new product lines, our latest marketing and promotional plans, and new services improvements. These events also
serve as a venue for recognition of member accomplishments. Members typically share their experiences in using our products and developing their business at
these events. We are continually developing or updating our marketing strategies and programs to motivate our members.
Management Information Systems
Our business uses a proprietary web-based system to process orders and to communicate bonus volume activity and commissions to members. We have
automated a substantial amount of our financial reporting processes through implementation of Oracle’s E-Business Suite, and have integrated other critical
business processes such as inventory management in our most significant markets.
Employees
At December 31, 2016, we employed 143 total full-time employees worldwide, of which 25 were located in North America, 101 in Greater China (Hong
Kong, China, and Taiwan), five in Russia, two in Singapore, two in Malaysia, four in South Korea, three in Europe, and one in Japan.
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Table of Contents
Seasonality
From quarter to quarter, we are somewhat impacted by seasonal factors and trends such as major cultural events and vacation patterns. For example,
most Asian markets celebrate their respective local New Year in the first quarter. This generally has a significant impact on the services of our third-party
providers, and can negatively impact our net sales. We believe that net sales can also be negatively impacted during the third quarter, when many of our
members traditionally take time off for vacations. In addition, the national holidays in Hong Kong, China and Taiwan in early October tend to have an adverse
effect on sales in those markets.
Our spending, as well as to some extent revenue, is affected by the major events planned at different times of the year. A major promotional event could
significantly increase the reported expenses during the quarter in which the event actually takes place, while the revenue that might be generated by the event
may not occur in the same reporting period.
Intellectual Property
Most of our products are packaged under a “private label” arrangement. We have obtained or applied for trademark registration for certain names, logos
and various product names in several countries in which we are doing business or considering expanding. We also rely on common law trademark rights to
protect our unregistered trademarks. These common law trademark rights do not provide us with the same level of protection as afforded by a United States
federal trademark. Common law trademark rights are limited to the geographic area in which the trademark is actually utilized, while a United States federal
registration of a trademark enables the registrant to discontinue the unauthorized use of the trademark by a third party anywhere in the United States even if the
registrant has never used the trademark in the geographic area where the trademark is being used; provided, however, that the unauthorized third party user
has not, prior to the registration date, perfected its common law rights in the trademark within that geographic area.
We have a foreign holding and operating company structure for our non-United States businesses, which involves the division of our United States and non-
United States operations. Under this structure, some of our United States entities have granted an exclusive license to some of our non-United States
subsidiaries to use outside of the United States all of their intangible property, including trademarks, trade secrets and other proprietary information.
Working with Members
Sponsorship
Enrolling new members creates multiple levels in our direct selling structure. The persons that a member enrolls within the network are referred to as
“sponsored” members, who may purchase solely for their own personal consumption, for resale, or both. Persons newly enrolled are assigned into network
positions that can be “under” other members, and thus they can be called “down-line” members. If down-line members also enroll new members, they create
additional levels within the structure, but their down-line members remain in the same down-line network as the original member that introduced them to our
business.
While we provide product samples, brochures and other sales materials, members are primarily responsible for enrolling and educating their new members
with respect to products, the compensation plan and how to build a successful membership network.
Members are not required to enroll other members as their down-line, and we do not pay any commissions for enrolling new members. However, because
of the financial incentives provided to those who succeed in building a member network that consumes and resells products, we believe that many of our
members attempt, with varying degrees of effort and success, to enroll additional members. Because they are seeking new opportunities for income, people are
often attracted to become members after using our products or after attending introductory seminars. Once a person becomes a member, he or she is able to
purchase products directly from us at wholesale prices via the internet. The member is also entitled to enroll other members in order to build a network of
members and product users.
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Table of Contents
Compensation Plans
We employ what is commonly referred to as a binary compensation plan, enhanced with certain unilevel features. Under our compensation plan, members
are paid weekly commissions by our subsidiary, in which they are enrolled for product purchases by their down-line member network across all geographic
markets. Our China subsidiary maintains an e-commerce retail platform and does not pay any commissions. This “seamless” compensation plan enables a
member located in one country to sponsor other members located in other countries. Currently, there are basically two ways in which members can earn
income:
•
•
Through commissions paid on product purchases made by their down-line members; and
Through retail markups on sales of products purchased by members at wholesale prices (in some markets, sales are for personal consumption only and
income may not be earned through retail mark-ups on sales in that market).
Each of our products is designated a specified number of bonus volume points. Commissions are based on total personal and group bonus volume points
per sales period. Bonus volume points are essentially a percentage of a product’s wholesale price. As the member’s business expands, the member receives
higher commissions from purchases made by an expanding down-line network. To be eligible to receive commissions, a member may be required to make
nominal monthly or other periodic purchases of our products. Certain of our subsidiaries do not require these nominal purchases for a member to be eligible to
receive commissions. In determining commissions, the number of levels of down-line members included within the member’s commissionable group increases
as the number of memberships directly below the member increases. Under our current compensation plan, some of our commission payout may be limited to a
hard cap dollar amount per week or a specific percentage of the total product sales. In some markets, commissions may be further limited.
In some markets, we also pay certain bonuses on purchases by up to three generations of personally sponsored members, as well as bonuses on
commissions earned by up to three generations of personally sponsored members. Members can also earn income, trips and other prizes in specific time-limited
promotions and contests we hold from time to time.
Occasionally, we make modifications and enhancements to our compensation plan to help motivate members, which can have an impact on member
commissions. We may also enter into agreements for business or market development, which could result in additional compensation to specific members.
Member Support
We are committed to providing a high level of support services tailored to the needs of our members in each market we are serving. We attempt to meet the
needs and build the loyalty of members by providing personalized member services and by maintaining a generous product return policy (see “Product Warranties
and Returns”). We believe that maximizing a member’s efforts by providing effective member support has been, and could continue to be, important to our
success.
Through product training meetings, regular conventions, web-based messages, member focus groups, regular telephone conference calls and other
personal contacts with members, we seek to understand and satisfy the needs of our members. Via our websites, we provide product fulfillment and tracking
services that result in user-friendly and timely product distribution.
To help maintain communication with our members, we offer the following support programs:
•
•
•
•
•
Teleconferences – we hold teleconferences with associate field leadership on various subjects such as technical product discussions, member
organization building and management techniques.
Internet – we maintain a website at www.nhtglobal.com. On this website, the user can read company news, learn more about various products, sign up
to be a member, place orders, and track the fulfillment and delivery of their orders.
Product Literature – we offer a variety of literature to members, including product catalogs, informational brochures, pamphlets and posters for individual
products, which are both printed and available online.
Broadcast E-mail and Text Messages – we send announcements via e-mail and/or text messages to members who opt in to receive this form of
communication.
Social Media Tools – in some countries we maintain country-specific social media sites to foster a community environment around our product offering
and business opportunity.
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Technology and Internet Initiatives
We believe that the internet is important to our business as more consumers communicate online and purchase products over the internet as opposed to
traditional retail and direct sales channels. As a result, we have committed significant resources to our e-commerce capabilities and the abilities of our members
to take advantage of the internet. Substantially all of our sales take place via the internet. We offer a global web page that allows a member to have a
personalized replicating website through which he or she can sell products in all of the countries in which we do business. Links to these websites can be found
at our main website for members at www.nhtglobal.com. The information provided on these websites should not be considered part of this report.
Rules Affecting Members
Our member policies and procedures establish the rules that members must follow in each market. We also monitor member activity in an attempt to
provide our members with a “level playing field” so that one member may not be disadvantaged by the activities of another. We require our members to present
products and business opportunities in an ethical and professional manner. Members further agree that their presentations to customers must be consistent with,
and limited to, the product claims and representations made in our literature.
Our policies and procedures state that we produce or pre-approve all sales aids used by members such as presentations videotapes, audiotapes,
brochures and promotional clothing. Further, members may not use any form of media advertising to promote products unless it is pre-approved by us. Members
are not entitled to use our trademarks or other intellectual property without our prior consent.
Our compliance and member services department reviews reports of alleged member misbehavior. If we determine that a member has violated our member
policies or procedures, we may terminate the member’s rights completely. Alternatively, we may impose sanctions, such as warnings, probation, withdrawal or
denial of an award, suspension of privileges of the membership, fines, withholding commissions, until specified conditions are satisfied or other appropriate
injunctive relief. Our members are independent contractors, not employees, and may act independently of us. Further, our members may resign or terminate
their membership at any time without notice. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
Government Regulations
Direct Selling Activities
Direct selling, or multi-level marketing, activities are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies in the United States and other
countries. These laws and regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes. The laws and regulations in our current markets often:
•
•
•
•
impose cancellation/product return, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off rights for consumers and members;
require us or our members to obtain a license from, or register with, governmental agencies;
impose reporting requirements; and
impose upon us requirements, such as requiring members to maintain levels of retail sales to qualify to receive commissions, to ensure that members are
being compensated for sales of products and not for recruiting new members.
The laws and regulations governing direct selling are modified from time to time, and, like other direct selling companies, we may be subject from time to
time to government reviews, examinations or investigations in our various markets related to our direct selling activities. This can require us to make changes to
our business model and aspects of our global compensation plan in the markets impacted by such changes and examinations.
Based on advice of our engaged outside professionals in existing markets, the nature and scope of inquiries from government regulatory authorities and
our history of operations in those markets to date, we believe our method of distribution complies in all material respects with the laws and regulations related to
direct selling of the countries in which we currently operate.
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At the end of 2005, China adopted new direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations that are restrictive and contain various limitations, including a
restriction on the ability to pay multi-level compensation to independent members. We are not conducting direct selling in China. Rather, consumers and
members purchase our products via our Hong Kong-based website or our e-commerce retail platform in China. The regulatory environment in China is complex,
and our operations in China can receive regulatory and media attention.
The Chinese government scrutinizes activities of direct selling companies. Our business continues to be subject to regulations and examinations by
municipal and provincial level regulators. At times, actions by government regulators have impacted our members’ activities in certain locations, and have
resulted in a few cases of enforcement actions. In each of these cases, we helped our members with their defense in the legality of their conduct. So far, no
material changes to our business model have been required. We expect to receive continued guidance and direction as we work with regulators to address our
business model and any changes that need to be made to comply with the direct selling regulations.
We believe that neither our Hong Kong-based website nor our e-commerce platform in China require a direct selling license in China, which we currently
do not hold. We have previously sought to obtain a direct selling license, and in August 2015 initiated the process for submitting a new preliminary application for
a direct selling license in China. If we are able to obtain a direct selling license in China, we believe that the incentives inherent in the direct selling model in
China would incrementally benefit our existing business. Increased sales in China that could be derived from obtaining a direct selling license may be partially
offset by the higher fixed costs associated with the establishment and maintenance of required service centers and branch offices. We are unable to predict
whether and when we will be successful in obtaining a direct selling license to operate in China, and if we are successful, when we will be permitted to conduct
direct selling operations and whether such operations would be profitable.
Regulation of Our Products
Our products and related promotional and marketing activities are subject to extensive governmental regulation by numerous governmental agencies and
authorities in the United States, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), the Consumer
Product Safety Commission, the United States Department of Agriculture, State Attorneys General and other state regulatory agencies. In our foreign markets,
the products are generally regulated by similar government agencies.
Our personal care products are subject to various laws and regulations that regulate cosmetic products and set forth regulations for determining whether a
product can be marketed as a “cosmetic” or requires further approval as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug. In the United States, regulation of cosmetics is under
the jurisdiction of the FDA. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act defines cosmetics by their intended use, as “articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or
sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body . . . for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the
appearance.” Among the products included in this definition are skin moisturizers, eye and facial makeup preparations, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes,
shampoos, permanent waves, hair colors, toothpastes and deodorants, as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic
product. Conversely, a product will not be considered a cosmetic, but may be considered a drug if it is intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation,
treatment, or prevention of disease, or is intended to affect the structure or any function of the body. A product’s intended use can be inferred from marketing or
product claims. The other markets in which we operate have similar regulations. In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare regulates the sale and
distribution of cosmetics and requires us to have an import business license and to register each personal care product imported into Japan. In Taiwan, all
“medicated” cosmetic products require registration. In China, personal care products are placed into one of two categories, “general” and “drug.” Products in
both categories require submission of formulas and other information with the health authorities, and drug products require human clinical studies. The product
registration process in China for these products can take from nine to more than 18 months or longer. Such regulations in any given market can limit our ability
to import products and can delay product launches as we go through the registration and approval process for those products. The sale of cosmetic products is
regulated in the European Union under the European Union Cosmetics Directive, which requires a uniform application for foreign companies making personal
care product sales.
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The markets in which we operate all have varied regulations that distinguish foods and nutritional health supplements from “drugs” or “pharmaceutical
products.” Because of the varied regulations, some products or ingredients that are recognized as a “food” in certain markets may be treated as a
“pharmaceutical” in other markets. These regulations may require us to either modify a product or refrain from selling the product in a given market. As a result,
we must regularly modify the ingredients and/or the levels of ingredients in our products for certain markets. In some circumstances, the regulations in foreign
markets may require us to obtain regulatory approval prior to introduction of a new product or limit our uses of certain ingredients altogether. There has been an
increased movement in the United States and other markets to expand the regulation of dietary supplements. This could impose additional restrictions or
requirements in the future. Because of this increased regulatory focus, our internal review efforts have been enhanced in order to comply with our understanding
of current regulations.
FDA regulations require current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) for dietary supplements. The regulations ensure that dietary supplements are
produced in a quality manner, do not contain contaminants or impurities, and are accurately labeled. The regulations include requirements for establishing quality
control procedures for us and our vendors and suppliers, designing and constructing manufacturing plants, and testing ingredients and finished products. The
regulations also include requirements for record keeping and handling consumer product complaints. If dietary supplements contain contaminants or do not
contain the type or quantity of dietary ingredient they are represented to contain, the FDA would consider those products to be adulterated or misbranded.
Our business is subject to additional FDA regulations, such as those implementing an adverse event reporting system (“AER’s”), which requires us to
document and track adverse events and report serious adverse events, which are events involving hospitalization or death, associated with consumers’ use of
our products.
Most of our major markets also regulate advertising and product claims regarding the efficacy of products. This is particularly true with respect to our
dietary supplements because we typically market them as foods or health foods. For example, in the United States, we are unable to claim that any of our
nutritional supplements will diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat or prevent disease. In the United States, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, however,
permits substantiated, truthful and non-misleading statements of nutritional support to be made in labeling, such as statements describing general well-being
resulting from consumption of a dietary ingredient or the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient in affecting or maintaining a structure or a function of the body.
Most of the other markets in which we operate have not adopted similar legislation, although we may be subject to more restrictive limitations on the claims we
can make about our products in these markets.
Other Regulatory Issues
As a United States entity operating through subsidiaries in foreign jurisdictions, we are subject to foreign exchange control, transfer pricing and custom
laws that regulate the flow of funds between our subsidiaries and us for product purchases, management services and contractual obligations, such as the
payment of member commissions. As is the case with most companies that operate in our product categories, we might receive inquiries from time to time from
government regulatory authorities regarding the nature of our business and other issues, such as compliance with local direct selling, transfer pricing, customs,
taxation, foreign exchange control, securities and other laws.
Product Warranties and Returns
Our refund policies and procedures closely follow industry and country-specific standards, which vary greatly by country. For example, in the United States,
the Direct Selling Association recommends that direct sellers permit returns during the twelve-month period following the sale, while in Hong Kong the standard
return policy is 14 days following the sale. Our return policies typically conform to local laws or the recommendation of the local direct selling association. In most
cases, members who timely return unopened product that is in resalable condition may receive a refund. The amount of the refund may be dependent on the
country in which the sale occurred, the timeliness of the return, and any applicable re-stocking fee. NHT Global must be notified of the return in writing and such
written requests would be considered a termination notice of the membership. We may alter our return policy in response to special circumstances.
Significant Customers
Sales are made to our members and no single customer accounted for 10% or more of our net sales. However, our business model can result in a
concentration of sales to several different members and their network of members. Although no single member accounted for 10% or more of net sales, the loss
of a key member or that member’s network could have an adverse effect on our net sales and financial results.
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Our Industry
We are engaged in the direct selling industry, selling wellness, herbal, beauty, lifestyle and home products. More specifically, we are engaged in what is
called network marketing or multi-level marketing. This type of organizational structure and approach to marketing and sales include companies selling lifestyle
enhancement products, cosmetics and dietary supplements, or selling other types of consumer products. Generally, direct selling is based upon an
organizational structure in which independent members purchasing a company’s products are compensated for sales made directly to consumers.
Our members are compensated based on sales generated by members they have enrolled and all subsequent members enrolled by their “down-line”
network of members. The experience of the direct selling industry has been that once a sizeable network of members is established, new and alternative
products and services can be offered to those members for sale to consumers and additional members.
Competition
The network marketing industry is very diverse, with giant multinational corporations as well as smaller, local operators. Big network marketing companies
include Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., USANA Health Sciences, Inc., and Herbalife, Ltd, which have much greater name recognition and financial resources than we
do and also have many more members. They are publicly traded and therefore serve as informational benchmarks, but we don’t overlap with them in terms of
marketplace or product range. On the other hand, many medium- and small-sized privately held Chinese, Taiwanese and Hong Kong companies are fierce
competitors and are much closer to directly competing with us. Also, a number of our former employees and members now work for competitors, and sometimes
try to use relationships and knowledge obtained to compete with us.
Our ability to compete with other network marketing companies depends, in significant part, on our success in attracting and retaining members. There
can be no assurance that our programs for attracting and retaining members will be successful. The pool of individuals interested in network marketing is limited
in each market and is reduced to the extent other network marketing companies successfully attract these individuals into their businesses. Although we believe
that we offer an attractive opportunity for our members, there can be no assurance that other network marketing companies will not be able to recruit our
existing members or deplete the pool of potential members in a given market.
The direct selling channel tends to sell products at a higher price compared to traditional retailers, which poses a degree of competitive risk. There is no
assurance that we would continue to compete effectively against retail stores, internet-based retailers or other direct sellers.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are exposed to a variety of risks that are present in our business and industry. The following are some of the more significant factors that could affect
our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We could be adversely affected by management changes or an inability to attract and retain key management, directors and consultants.
We incur a low level of overhead and are run by a small number of executives, who rely on a small group of employees. Our future success depends to a
significant degree on the skills, experience and efforts of our top management and directors. We also depend on the ability of our executive officers and other
members of senior management to work effectively as a team. The loss of one or more of our executive officers, members of our senior management or
directors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, as our business evolves, we may require
additional or different management members, directors or consultants, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to locate, attract and retain them if
and when they are needed.
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Because our Hong Kong operations account for a substantial portion of our overall business, and substantially all of our Hong Kong business is
derived from the sale of products to members in China, any material adverse change in our business relating to either Hong Kong or China would
likely have a material adverse impact on our overall business.
In 2016, 2015 and 2014, approximately 92%, 93% and 89% of our revenue, respectively, was generated in Hong Kong. Substantially all of our Hong Kong
revenues are derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. This geographic concentration in our business means that events or
conditions that could negatively impact this geographic region or our operations in this region would have a greater adverse impact upon our overall business and
financial results than would be the case with a company having greater geographic diversification.
Our operations in China are subject to compliance with a myriad of applicable laws and regulations, and any actual or alleged violations of those
laws or government actions otherwise directed at us could have a material adverse impact on our business and the value of our company.
In contrast to our operations in other parts of the world, we have not implemented a direct sales model in China. The Chinese government permits direct
selling only by organizations that have a license, which we are in the process of applying for, and has also adopted anti-multilevel marketing legislation. We
operate an e-commerce direct selling model in Hong Kong and recognize the revenue derived from sales to both Hong Kong and Chinese members as being
generated in Hong Kong. Products purchased by members in China are delivered to third parties that act as the importers of record under agreements to pay
applicable duties. In addition, through a Chinese entity, we sell products in China using an e-commerce retail model. The Chinese entity operates separately
from the Hong Kong entity, and a Chinese member may elect to participate separately or in both.
After consulting with outside professionals, we believe that our e-commerce direct selling model in Hong Kong does not violate any applicable laws in
China, even though it is used for the internet purchase of our products by members in China. We also believe that our Chinese entity, including its e-commerce
retail platform, is operating in compliance with applicable Chinese laws. However, there can be no assurance that the Chinese authorities will agree with our
interpretations of applicable laws and regulations or that China will not adopt new laws or regulations. Should the Chinese government determine that our
activities violate China’s direct selling or anti-multilevel marketing legislation, or should new laws or regulations be adopted, there could be a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Chinese government scrutinizes the activities of direct selling companies. Our business continues to be subject to regulations and examinations by
municipal and provincial level regulators. At times, actions by government regulators have impacted our members’ activities in certain locations and have resulted
in a few cases of enforcement actions. In each of these cases, we helped our members with their defense of the legality of their conduct, and no material
changes to our business model were required.
However, our business operations and the value of our company can be adversely affected by Chinese government scrutiny of our operations, even if that
scrutiny does not result in investigations of our operations. For example, one or more parties encouraged the Beijing City governmental authorities to conduct an
investigation of our business, which resulted in a meeting in January 2016 involving members of our Beijing office staff, Beijing City governmental officials, and
two complainants. Even though the Beijing City governmental officials advised our staff and the complainants at that meeting that there was insufficient evidence
to warrant an investigation of us, gross mischaracterizations of the meeting immediately appeared in several “news reports.” Similarly, a subsequent meeting
between several Guangzhou City government officials and members of our Guangzhou office staff that resulted in our providing routine information about our
operations to the government officials was also grossly mischaracterized in an online posting made immediately following the meeting. Although we remain in
regular contact with Chinese government officials and take other steps to address the risks posed by these events, our business and the value of our company
remain vulnerable to Chinese government scrutiny of our operations, whether or not initiated by third parties.
Various other factors could harm our business in Hong Kong and China, such as worsening economic conditions in Hong Kong or China, adverse local
publicity or other events that may be out of our control. For example, we were advised to voluntarily suspend marketing activities in China during the third
quarter of 2007 when the Chinese government was expected to impose a more intense enforcement program against illegal chain sales activities. We did not
want to run the risk of being inadvertently entangled in the government enforcement actions and voluntarily withdrew all marketing activities from China during
that period. It may be necessary or advisable to repeat this or similar actions from time to time in the future, and such periods of reduced activity could have a
material adverse effect on our business.
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Although we attempt to work closely with both national and local Chinese governmental agencies in conducting our business, our efforts to comply with
national and local laws may be harmed by a rapidly evolving regulatory climate, concerns about activities resembling violations of direct selling or anti-multi-level
marketing legislation, subjective interpretations of laws and regulations, and activities by individual members that may violate laws notwithstanding our strict
policies prohibiting such activities. Any determination that our operations or activities, or the activities of our individual members or employee sales
representatives, or importers of record are not in compliance with applicable laws and regulations could result in the imposition of substantial fines, extended
interruptions of business, restrictions on our future ability to obtain business licenses or expand into new locations, changes to our business model, the
termination of required licenses to conduct business, or other actions, any of which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Our failure to maintain and expand our member relationships could adversely affect our business.
We distribute our products through independent members, and we depend upon them directly for all of our sales in most of our markets. Accordingly, our
success depends in significant part upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate a large base of members. Our direct selling organization is headed by a
relatively small number of key members. The loss of a significant number of members, or the loss of one or more key members, could materially and adversely
affect sales of our products and could impair our ability to attract new members. Moreover, the replacement of members could be difficult because, in our efforts
to attract and retain members, we compete with other direct selling organizations, including but not limited to those in the personal care, cosmetic product and
nutritional supplement industries. Our members may terminate their services with us at any time and, in fact, like most direct selling organizations, we have a
high rate of attrition.
The number of active members or their productivity may not increase and could decline in the future. We cannot accurately predict any fluctuation in the
number and productivity of members because we primarily rely upon existing members to enroll and train new members and to motivate new and existing
members. Operating results could be adversely affected if our existing and new business opportunities and products do not generate sufficient economic
incentive or interest to retain existing members and to attract new members.
The number and productivity of our members could be harmed by several factors, including:
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adverse publicity or negative perceptions regarding us, our products, our method of distribution or our competitors;
lack of interest in, or the technical failure of, existing or new products;
lack of interest in our existing compensation plan for members or in enhancements or other changes to that compensation plan;
our actions to enforce our policies and procedures;
regulatory actions or charges or private actions against us or others in our industry;
general economic and business conditions;
changes in management or the loss of one or more key member leaders;
entry of new competitors, or new products or compensation plan enhancements by existing competitors, in our markets; and
potential saturation or maturity levels in a given country or market which could negatively impact our ability to attract and retain members in such
market.
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We are currently being sued in three lawsuits alleging, among other things, that we made materially false and misleading statements regarding the
legality of our business operations in China.
We, together with our executive officers, have been named as defendants in three complaints (one of which also names our directors as defendants)
relating to alleged materially false and misleading statements regarding the legality of our business operations in China, among other things. These complaints
seek an indeterminate amount of damages, and one of the complaints also seeks various equitable remedies. Notwithstanding potentially applicable insurance
coverage, these complaints, or others filed alleging similar facts, could result in monetary or other penalties that may adversely affect our operating results and
financial condition. Moreover, the negative publicity stemming from these complaints and the allegations they make could harm our business and operations.
Accordingly, any adverse determination against us in these suits, or even the allegations contained in the suits regardless of whether they are ultimately found to
be without merit, could harm our business, operations and financial condition.
We are currently involved in, and may in the future face, litigation claims and governmental proceedings and inquiries that could harm our business.
We are currently, and have in the past, been a party to lawsuits, claims and governmental proceedings and inquiries. Prosecuting and defending these
matters may require significant expense and attention of our management. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully defend or resolve
any such litigation, claims or governmental proceedings or inquiries, or that the significant money, time and effort spent in defending these matters will not
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Although our members are independent contractors, improper member actions that violate laws or regulations could harm our business.
Our members are independent contractors and, accordingly, we are not in a position to directly provide the same direction, motivation and oversight as we
would if members were our own employees. As a result, there can be no assurance that our members will participate in our marketing strategies or plans,
accept our introduction of new products, or comply with our member policies and procedures. Extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws regulate our
business, our products and our network marketing program. Because we have expanded into foreign countries, our policies and procedures for our members
differ due to the different legal requirements of each country in which we do business. While we have implemented member policies and procedures designed to
govern member conduct and to protect the goodwill associated with our trademarks and trade names, it can be difficult to enforce these policies and procedures
because of the large number of members and their independent status.
Given the size and diversity of our member force, we experience problems with members from time to time, especially with respect to our members in
foreign markets. For example, if our members engage in illegal activities in China, those actions could be attributed to us. Chinese laws regarding how and when
members may assemble and the activities that they may conduct, or the conditions under which the activities may be conducted, are subject to interpretations
and enforcement that sometimes vary from province to province, among different levels of government, and from time to time. Members can be accused of
violating one or more of the laws regulating these activities, notwithstanding training that we attempt to provide. Enforcement measures regarding these
violations, which can include arrests, raise the uncertainty and perceived risk associated with conducting this business, especially among those who are aware of
the enforcement actions but not the specific activities leading to the enforcement action. We believe that this has led some existing members in China - who are
signed up as members in Hong Kong - to leave the business or curtail their selling activities and has led some potential members to choose not to participate.
Among other things, we are managing this risk with more training and public relations efforts that are designed, among other things, to distinguish our company
from businesses that make no attempt to comply with the law. This environment creates uncertainty about the future of doing this type of business in China
generally and under our business model, specifically.
In addition, members often desire to enter a market before we have received approval to do business in order to gain an advantage in the
marketplace. Improper member activity in new geographic markets could result in adverse publicity and can be particularly harmful to our ability to ultimately
enter these markets. Violations by our members of applicable law or of our policies and procedures in dealing with customers could reflect negatively on our
products and operations, and harm our business reputation. In addition, it is possible that a judicial or administrative body could hold us civilly or criminally
accountable based on vicarious liability because of the actions of our members. If any of the above or related events involving our members occur, our
business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
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Direct-selling laws and regulations may prohibit or severely restrict our direct sales efforts and cause our revenue and profitability to decline, and
regulators could adopt new regulations that harm our business.
Our direct selling system is subject to extensive laws, governmental regulations, administrative determinations, court decisions and similar
constraints. These laws and regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes, often referred to as “pyramid” schemes, which
compensate participants for recruiting additional participants irrespective of product sales, use high pressure recruiting methods and/or do not involve legitimate
products. They also seek to ensure that claims regarding the ability of participants to earn money are truthful and substantiated.
Complying with these widely varying and sometimes inconsistent rules and regulations can be difficult and may require the devotion of significant resources
on our part. There can be no assurance that we or our members are in compliance with all of these regulations. Our failure or our members’ failure to comply
with these regulations or new regulations could lead to the imposition of significant penalties or claims and could negatively impact our business. If we are
unable to continue business in existing markets or commence operations in new markets because of these laws, our revenue and profitability may decline.
We are also subject to the risk that new laws or regulations might be implemented or that current laws or regulations might change, which could require us
to change or modify the way we conduct our business in certain markets. This could be particularly detrimental to us if we have to change or modify the way we
conduct business in markets that represent a significant percentage of our revenue.
The high level of competition in our industry could adversely affect our business.
The business of marketing personal care, cosmetic, nutritional supplements, and lifestyle enhancement products is highly competitive. This market
segment includes numerous manufacturers, members, marketers, and retailers that actively compete for the business of consumers both in the United States
and abroad. The market is highly sensitive to the introduction of new products, which may rapidly capture a significant share of the market. Sales of similar
products by competitors may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to significant competition for the recruitment of members from other direct selling organizations, including those that market similar
products. Many of our competitors are substantially larger than we are, offer a wider array of products, have far greater financial resources and many more
active members than we have. Even more numerous are those medium- and small-sized, all privately held Chinese, Taiwanese and Hong Kong companies that
are fierce competitors and are much closer to directly competing with us. Our ability to remain competitive depends, in significant part, on our success in
recruiting and retaining members with our products, attractive compensation plan and other incentives. We believe that we have an attractive product line and
that our compensation and incentive programs provide our members with significant earning potential. However, we cannot be sure that our programs for
recruitment and retention of members will be successful.
Some of our competitors have employed or otherwise contracted for the services of our former officers, employees, consultants, and members, who may try
to use information and contacts obtained while under contract with us for competitive advantage. While we seek to protect our information through contractual
and other means, there can be no assurance that we will timely learn of such activity, have the resources to attempt to stop it, or have adequate remedies
available to us.
Challenges by third parties to the legality of our business operations could harm our business.
We are also subject to the risk of private party challenges to the legality of our operations, including our direct selling system. The regulatory requirements
concerning direct selling systems generally do not include “bright line” rules and are inherently fact-based and subject to judicial or administrative interpretation.
An adverse judicial or administrative determination against us with respect to our direct selling system, or in proceedings not involving us directly but which
challenge the legality of other direct selling marketing systems, could have a material adverse effect on our business. There is also risk that challenges and
settlements involving other parties could provide incentives for similar actions by members against us and other direct selling companies. Moreover, challenges
to our business system and operations in important markets may come from short sellers, hedge funds, other investors, bloggers and reporters. Other
companies in our industry have recently faced such challenges. Any challenges regarding us or others in our industry could harm our business if such
challenges result in the imposition of any fines or damages on our business, create adverse publicity, increase scrutiny or investigations of us or our industry,
detrimentally affect our efforts to recruit or motivate members and attract customers, or interpret laws in a manner inconsistent with our current business
practices.
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An increase in the amount of compensation paid to members would reduce profitability.
A significant expense is the payment of compensation to our members, which represented approximately 44%, 48% and 46% of net sales during 2016,
2015 and 2014, respectively. We compensate our members by paying commissions, bonuses, and certain awards and prizes. Factors impacting the overall
commission payout include the growth and depth of the member network, the member retention rate, the level of promotions, local promotional programs and
business development agreements. Any increase in compensation payments to members as a percentage of net sales will reduce our profitability.
Our compensation plan includes a cap that may be enforced on member compensation paid out on a weekly dollar limit or as a percentage of product
sales. There can be no assurance that enforcement of this cap will ensure profitability (which depends on many other factors). Moreover, enforcement of this
cap could cause key members affected by the cap to leave and join other companies.
Currency exchange rate fluctuations could lower our revenue and net income.
In 2016, 98% of our revenue was recorded by subsidiaries located outside of North America. Revenue transactions and related commission payments, as
well as other incurred expenses, are typically denominated in the local currency. Accordingly, our international subsidiaries use the local currency as their
functional currency. The results of operations of our international subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations during consolidation
since we translate into U.S. dollars using the average exchanges rates for the period. As exchange rates vary, revenue and other operating results may differ
materially from our expectations. Additionally, we may record significant gains or losses related to foreign-denominated cash and cash equivalents and the re-
measurement of inter-company balances.
Our most significant foreign exchange exposure, the Hong Kong dollar, is for now pegged to the U.S. dollar. We also purchase a significant majority of
inventories in U.S. dollars. Our foreign currency exchange rate exposure to South Korean won, Taiwan dollar, Japanese yen, Chinese yuan, Russian ruble,
Kazakhstani tenge, Singaporean dollar, Malaysian ringgit, Canadian dollar and European euro represented approximately 7%, 6% and 10% of our revenue in
2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our foreign currency exchange rate exposure may increase in the near future as we develop opportunities in Southeast
Asia, Canada, Central America, South America and Europe. Additionally, our foreign currency exchange rate exposure would significantly increase if the Hong
Kong dollar were no longer pegged to the U.S. dollar. Finally, we also experience indirect exchange rate exposure due to the concentration of our sales in China
and the recent performance of the Chinese yuan. Following the 2015 devaluation of the Chinese yuan, the Chinese yuan experienced depreciation against the
Hong Kong dollar of 7% for the year ended December 31, 2016, the cumulative effect of which has been to erode our Chinese members’ purchasing power and,
we believe, to adversely affect our product sales.
Given our inability to predict the degree of exchange rate fluctuations, we cannot estimate the effect these fluctuations may have upon future reported
results, product pricing or our overall financial condition. Further, to date we have not attempted to reduce our exposure to short-term exchange rate fluctuations
by using foreign currency exchange contracts.
Changes in tax or duty laws, and unanticipated tax or duty liabilities, could adversely affect our net income.
In the course of doing business we may be subject to various taxes, such as sales and use, value-added, and franchise. We are also subject to income
taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We earn a substantial portion of our income in foreign jurisdictions. If our capital or financing
needs in the United States (including the repurchase of our stock and payment of dividends in the United States) require us to repatriate earnings from foreign
jurisdictions, our effective income tax rates for the affected periods could be negatively impacted. Economic and political conditions make tax rules in any
jurisdiction, including the United States, subject to significant change. There have been proposals to reform U.S. and foreign tax laws that could significantly
impact how U.S. multinational corporations are taxed on foreign earnings. Although we cannot predict whether or in what form these proposals will pass, several
of the proposals considered, if enacted into law, could have an adverse impact on our income tax expense and cash flows.
Our principal domicile is the United States. Under tax treaties, we are eligible to receive foreign tax credits in the United States for taxes paid abroad.
Taxes paid to foreign taxing authorities may exceed the credits available to us, resulting in the payment of a higher overall effective tax rate on our worldwide
operations.
Our effective income tax rate in the future could be adversely affected by a number of factors, including changes in the mix of earnings in countries with
differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws, the outcome of income tax audits in various
jurisdictions around the world, and any repatriation of non-U.S. earnings for which we have not previously provided for U.S. taxes.
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We may also be subject to examinations of our tax returns and other tax matters by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities and
governmental bodies. We regularly assess the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision
for taxes, which is subject to significant discretion. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of these examinations. If our effective tax rates were to
increase, particularly in the U.S., or if the ultimate determination of taxes owed is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, our financial results or
operations could be adversely affected.
In addition, our operations are subject to regulations designed to ensure that appropriate levels of customs duties are assessed on the importation of our
products. The failure to properly calculate, report and pay such duties when we are subject to them could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations. Any change in the laws or regulations regarding such duties, or any interpretation thereof, could result in an increase in the
cost of doing business.
Transfer pricing regulations affect our business and results of operations.
In many countries, including the United States, we are subject to transfer pricing and other tax regulations designed to ensure that appropriate levels of
income are reported as earned by our United States or local entities and are taxed accordingly. We have adopted transfer pricing agreements with our
subsidiaries to regulate inter-company transfers, which agreements are subject to transfer pricing laws that regulate the flow of funds between the subsidiaries
and the parent corporation for product purchases, management services, and contractual obligations, such as the payment of member compensation. We
believe that we operate in compliance with all applicable transfer pricing laws, and we intend to continue to operate in compliance with such laws. However,
there can be no assurance that we will continue to be found to be operating in compliance with transfer pricing laws, or that those laws would not be modified,
which, as a result, may require changes in our operating procedures or otherwise may have a material adverse effect on our financial results or operations.
Our products and related activities are subject to extensive government regulation, which could delay, limit or prevent the sale of some of our
products in some markets.
The formulation, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, importation, advertising, distribution, sale and storage of certain of our products are subject to
extensive regulation by various federal agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the FTC, the Consumer Product Safety Commission
and the United States Department of Agriculture and by various agencies of the states, localities and foreign countries in which our products are manufactured,
distributed and sold. For example, the FDA requires us and our suppliers to meet relevant current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) regulations for the
preparation, packing and storage of foods and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. We are also now required to report serious adverse events associated with
consumer use of certain of our products. Other laws and regulations govern or restrict the claims that may be made about our products and the information that
must be included and excluded on labels.
In markets outside the United States, prior to commencing operations or marketing new products, we may be required to obtain approvals, licenses, or
certifications from a ministry of health or a comparable agency. Moreover, a foreign jurisdiction may pass laws that would prohibit the use of certain ingredients in
their particular market. Compliance with these regulations can create delays and added expense in introducing new products to certain markets.
Failure by our members or us to comply with those regulations could lead to the imposition of significant penalties or claims and could materially and
adversely affect our business. If we are not able to satisfy the various regulations, then we would have to cease sales of that product in that market. In addition,
the adoption of new regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing regulations may result in significant compliance costs or discontinuation of product
sales and may adversely affect the marketing of our products, resulting in significant loss of revenues.
We cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations, or applications, nor can we determine what effect additional governmental
regulations or administrative orders, when and if promulgated, could have on our business. These potential effects could include, however, requirements for the
reformulation of certain products to meet new standards, the recall or discontinuance of certain products, additional recordkeeping and reporting requirements,
expanded documentation of the properties of certain products, expanded or different labeling, or additional scientific substantiation. Any or all of these
requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
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Failure of new products to gain member and market acceptance could harm our business.
An important component of our business is our ability to develop new products that create enthusiasm among our member force. If we fail to introduce new
products on a timely basis, our member productivity could be harmed. In addition, if any new products fail to gain market acceptance, are restricted by regulatory
requirements, or have quality problems, this would harm our results of operations. Factors that could affect our ability to continue to introduce new products
include, among others, limited capital and human resources, government regulations, proprietary protections of competitors that may limit our ability to offer
comparable products and any failure to anticipate changes in consumer tastes and buying preferences.
New regulations governing the marketing and sale of nutritional supplements could harm our business.
There has been an increasing movement in the United States and other markets to increase the regulation of dietary supplements, which could impose
additional restrictions or requirements in the future. In the United States, for example, some legislators and industry critics continue to push for increased
regulatory authority by the FDA over nutritional supplements. Our business could be harmed if more restrictive legislation is successfully introduced and adopted
in the future. In particular, the adoption of legislation requiring FDA approval of supplements or ingredients could delay or inhibit our ability to introduce new
supplements. We face similar pressures in our other markets. In the United States the FTC Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in
Advertising (“Guides”) require disclosure of material connections between an endorser and the company they are endorsing and require the disclosure of typical
results when these are different from those reported by the endorser. The requirements and restrictions of the Guides may diminish the impact of our marketing
efforts and negatively impact our sales results. If we or our members fail to comply with these Guides, the FTC could bring an enforcement action against us and
we could be fined and/or forced to alter our operations. Our operations also could be harmed if new laws or regulations are enacted that restrict our ability to
market or distribute nutritional supplements or impose additional burdens or requirements on nutritional supplement companies or require us to reformulate our
products.
Regulations governing the production and marketing of our personal care products could harm our business.
Our personal care products are subject to various domestic and foreign laws and regulations that regulate cosmetic products and set forth regulations for
determining whether a product can be marketed as a “cosmetic” or requires further approval as an over-the-counter drug. A determination that our cosmetic
products impact the structure or function of the human body, or improper marketing claims by our members, may lead to a determination that such products
require pre-market approval as a drug. Such regulations in any given market can limit our ability to import products and can delay product launches as we go
through the registration and approval process for those products. Furthermore, if we fail to comply with these regulations, we could face enforcement action
against us and we could be fined, forced to alter or stop selling our products and/or required to adjust our operations. Our operations also could be harmed if
new laws or regulations are enacted that restrict our ability to market or distribute our personal care products or impose additional burdens or requirements on
the contents of our personal care products or require us to reformulate our products.
If we are found not to be in compliance with good manufacturing practices our operations could be harmed.
Regulations on good manufacturing practices and adverse event reporting requirements for the nutritional supplement industry are in effect and require
good manufacturing processes for us and our vendors, including stringent vendor qualifications, ingredient identification, manufacturing controls and record
keeping. We are also required to report serious adverse events associated with consumer use of our products. Our operations could be harmed if regulatory
authorities make determinations that we or our vendors are not in compliance with the regulations. A finding of noncompliance may result in administrative
warnings, penalties or actions impacting our ability to continue selling certain of our products. In addition, compliance with these regulations has increased and
may further increase the cost of manufacturing certain of our products as we work with our vendors to assure they are qualified and in compliance.
Failure to comply with domestic and foreign laws and regulations governing product claims and advertising could harm our business.
Our failure to comply with FTC or state regulations, or with regulations in foreign markets that cover our product claims and advertising, including direct
claims and advertising by us, as well as claims and advertising by members for which we may be held responsible, may result in enforcement actions and
imposition of penalties or otherwise materially and adversely affect the distribution and sale of our products. Member activities in our existing markets that violate
applicable governmental laws or regulations could result in governmental or private actions against us in markets where we operate. Given the size of our
member force, we cannot ensure that our members will comply with applicable legal requirements.
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Adverse publicity associated with our products, ingredients or network marketing program, or those of similar companies, could harm our financial
condition and operating results.
Adverse publicity concerning any actual or claimed failure by us or our members to comply with applicable laws and regulations regarding product claims
and advertising, good manufacturing practices, the regulation of our network marketing program, the licensing of our products for sale in our target markets or
other aspects of our business, whether or not resulting in enforcement actions or the imposition of penalties, could have an adverse effect on our goodwill and
could negatively affect our ability to attract, motivate and retain members, which would negatively impact our ability to generate revenue. We cannot ensure that
all members will comply with applicable legal requirements relating to the advertising, labeling, licensing or distribution of our products.
In addition, our members’ and consumers’ perception of the safety and quality of our products and ingredients, as well as similar products and ingredients
distributed by other companies, can be significantly influenced by media attention, publicized scientific research or findings, widespread product liability claims
and other publicity concerning our products or ingredients or similar products and ingredients distributed by other companies. Adverse publicity, whether or not
accurate or resulting from consumers’ use or misuse of our products, that associates consumption of our products or ingredients or any similar products or
ingredients with illness or other adverse effects, questions the benefits of our or similar products or claims that any such products are ineffective, inappropriately
labeled or have inaccurate instructions as to their use, could negatively impact our reputation or the market demand for our products.
We are subject to risks relating to product concentration and lack of revenue diversification.
Although we have in recent years expanded our line of products, we derive more than 10% of our total revenue from each of our Premium Noni Juice and
Enhanced Essential Probiotics® products. Further, we currently source each such product from a single supplier. If demand decreases significantly, government
regulation restricts their sale, we are unable to adequately source or deliver the products, or we are unable to offer the products for any reason without suitable
replacements, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Our future success will also depend on our
ability to reduce our dependence on these few products by developing and introducing new products and product or feature enhancements in a timely manner.
Even if we are able to develop and commercially introduce new products and enhancements, they may not achieve market acceptance and the revenue
generated from these new products and enhancements may not offset the costs, which could substantially impair our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
We rely on a limited number of independent third parties to manufacture and supply our products.
All of our products are manufactured by a limited number of independent third parties. There is no assurance that our current manufacturers will continue
to reliably supply products to us at the level of quality we require. If a key manufacturer suffers liquidity problems or experiences operational or other problems
assisting with our products, our results could suffer. In the event any of our third-party manufacturers become unable or unwilling to continue to provide the
products in required volumes and quality levels at acceptable prices, we will be required to identify and obtain acceptable replacement manufacturing sources or
replacement products. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain alternative manufacturing sources or products or be able to do so on a timely
basis. An extended interruption in the supply of certain of our products may result in a substantial loss of revenue. In addition, any actual or perceived
degradation of product quality as a result of our reliance on third party manufacturers may have an adverse effect on revenue or result in increased product
returns.
Growth may be impeded by the political and economic risks of entering and operating foreign markets.
Our ability to achieve future growth is dependent, in part, on our ability to continue our international expansion efforts. However, there can be no
assurance that we would be able to grow in our existing international markets, enter new international markets on a timely basis, or that new markets would be
profitable. We must overcome significant regulatory and legal barriers before we can begin marketing in any foreign market.
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Also, it is difficult to assess the extent to which our products and sales techniques would be accepted or successful in any given country. In addition to
significant regulatory barriers, we may also encounter problems conducting operations in new markets with different cultures and legal systems from those
elsewhere. We may be required to reformulate certain of our products before commencing sales in a given country. Once we have entered a market, we must
adhere to the regulatory and legal requirements of that market. No assurance can be given that we would be able to successfully reformulate our products in
any of our current or potential international markets to meet local regulatory requirements or attract local customers. The failure to do so could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain and retain necessary
permits and approvals.
In many markets, other direct selling companies already have significant market penetration, the effect of which could be to desensitize the local member
population to a new opportunity or to make it more difficult for us to recruit qualified members. There can be no assurance that, even if we are able to commence
operations in foreign countries, there would be a sufficiently large population of potential members inclined to participate in a direct selling system offered by
us. We believe our future success could depend in part on our ability to seamlessly integrate our business methods, including member compensation plan,
across all markets in which our products are sold. There can be no assurance that we would be able to further develop and maintain a seamless compensation
program.
We may be held responsible for certain taxes or assessments relating to the activities of our members, which could harm our financial condition and
operating results.
Our members are subject to taxation, and in some instances, legislation or governmental agencies impose an obligation on us to collect the taxes, such as
value added taxes, and to maintain appropriate records. In addition, we are subject to the risk in some jurisdictions of being responsible for social security and
similar taxes with respect to our members.
We may be unable to protect or use our intellectual property rights.
We rely on trade secret, copyright and trademark laws and confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties, all of which offer only limited
protection of our confidential information and trademarks. Moreover, the laws of some countries in which we market our products may afford little or no effective
protection of our intellectual property rights. The unauthorized copying, use or other misappropriation of our confidential information, trademarks and other
intellectual property could enable third parties to benefit from such property without paying us for it. This could have a material adverse effect on our business,
operating results and financial condition. If we resort to legal proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights, the proceedings could be burdensome,
expensive and result in inadequate remedies. It is also possible that our use of our intellectual property rights could be found to infringe on prior rights of others
and, in that event, we could be compelled to stop or modify the infringing use, which could be burdensome and expensive.
We do not have a comprehensive product liability insurance program and product liability claims could hurt our business.
Currently, we do not have a comprehensive product liability insurance program, although the insurance carried by our suppliers may cover certain product
liability claims against us. As a marketer of dietary supplements, cosmetics and other products that are ingested by consumers or applied to their bodies, we
may become subjected to various product liability claims, including that:
•
•
•
our products contain contaminants or unsafe ingredients;
our products include inadequate instructions as to their uses; or
our products include inadequate warnings concerning side effects and interactions with other substances.
If our suppliers’ product liability insurance fails to cover product liability claims or other product liability claims, or any product liability claims exceeds the
amount of coverage provided by such policies or if we are unsuccessful in any third party claim against the manufacturer or if we are unsuccessful in collecting
any judgment that may be recovered by us against the manufacturer, we could be required to pay substantial monetary damages which could materially harm
our business, financial condition and results of operations. As a result, we may become required to pay high premiums and accept high deductibles in order to
secure adequate insurance coverage in the future. Especially since we do not have direct product liability insurance, it is possible that product liability claims
and the resulting adverse publicity could negatively affect our business.
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Our internal controls and accounting methods may require modification.
We continue to review and develop controls and procedures sufficient to accurately report our financial performance on a timely basis. If we do not
develop and implement effective controls and procedures, we may not be able to report our financial performance on a timely basis and our business and stock
price would be adversely affected.
If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective system of internal controls in the future, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or
prevent fraud. As a result, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we report annually on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Among other things,
we must perform systems and processes evaluation and testing. We must also conduct an assessment of our internal controls to allow management to report on
our assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are required to provide management’s
assessment of internal controls in conjunction with the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K. As disclosed under “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” of this
report, our management has delivered its report concluding that our internal control over financial reporting was effective at December 31, 2016, and our
independent registered public accounting firm has also delivered its attestation to the report. In the future, our continued assessment, or the assessment by our
independent registered public accounting firm, could reveal significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls, which may need to be
disclosed in future Annual Reports on Form 10-K. We believe, at the current time, that we are taking appropriate steps to mitigate these risks. However,
disclosures of this type can cause investors to lose confidence in our financial reporting and may negatively affect the price of our common stock. Moreover,
effective internal controls are necessary to produce reliable financial reports and to prevent fraud. Deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting
may negatively impact our business and operations.
We rely on and are subject to risks associated with our reliance upon information technology systems.
Our success is dependent on the accuracy, reliability, and proper use of information processing systems and management information technology. Our
information technology systems are designed and selected to facilitate order entry and customer billing, maintain member records, accurately track purchases
and member compensation payments, manage accounting operations, generate reports, and provide customer service and technical support. Any interruption
in these systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Although we believe that the members of our software development team have the qualifications, know-how and experience to perform the necessary
software development and other information technology services, there can be no assurance that there will not be delays or interruptions in these services. An
interruption or delay in availability of these services could, if it lasted long enough, prevent us from accepting orders, cause members to leave our business, or
otherwise materially adversely affect our business.
System failures and attacks could harm our business.
Because of our diverse geographic operations and our internationally applicable member compensation plans, our business is highly dependent on the
efficient functioning of our information technology systems and operations, which are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fires, earthquakes,
telecommunications failures, computer viruses and worms, hacking, denial of service attacks, software defects and other events. They are also subject to break-
ins, sabotage, acts of vandalism and similar misconduct, as well as human error. Despite precautions implemented by our information technology staff, problems
could result in interruptions in services and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Moreover, hackers could attack our system seeking to retrieve personal or confidential information of ours or of third parties, such as credit card information
used to purchase our products on-line. Although we take steps to prevent such loss of information, there can be no assurance that our system will not be
successfully hacked. Laws in the United States and other jurisdictions where we do business require prompt notice of any such loss of information. Failure to
comply with those reporting obligations could result in material penalties. In addition, if our system were hacked, we could incur material costs in investigating
the incidents and could be liable for damages. Any such damages may or may not be covered by insurance.
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Terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, acts of war, epidemics or other communicable diseases or any other natural disasters may seriously harm our
business.
Terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, or acts of war or natural disasters may cause damage or disruption to us, our employees, our facilities and our members
and customers, which could impact our revenues, expenses and financial condition. The potential for future terrorist attacks, the national and international
responses to terrorist attacks, and other acts of war or hostility, such as challenges to Chinese sovereignty claims in the South China Sea or Chinese objection
to the Taiwan independence movement and the resultant tension in the Taiwan Strait, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations,
and financial condition in ways that we currently cannot predict. Additionally, natural disasters less severe than the Indian Ocean tsunami that occurred in
December 2004 may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Because our systems, software and data reside on third-party servers, our access could be temporarily or permanently interrupted.
Beginning in 2012, most of our systems, software and data reside in the “cloud” on third-party servers to which we have contractual access. Cyber-attacks
or hacking on these servers unrelated to us, or system or hardware failures experienced by the third party vendor, could result in disclosure of or damage to our
systems, software and data. Moreover, any delay or failure in payment of the third party vendors, disputes with such vendors, or business interruption or failure
of the third party vendors could result in loss of or interruption in access to our systems, software or data. It is possible that our systems, software and data could
in the future be moved to servers of different third parties or to our own servers. Any such move could result in temporary or permanent loss of access to our
systems, software or data. Any protracted loss of such access would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may experience substantial negative cash flows, which may have a significant adverse effect on our business and could threaten our solvency.
We experienced substantial negative cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, primarily due to declines in our revenues greater
than the decreases in expenditures we could manage. If we again experience negative cash flows, any resulting decreasing cash balance could impair our
ability to support our operations and, eventually, threaten our solvency, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and
financial condition, as well as our stock price. Negative cash flows and the related adverse market perception associated therewith may have negatively affected,
and may in the future negatively affect, our ability to attract new members and/or sell our products. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in
maintaining an adequate level of cash resources and we could be forced to act more aggressively in the area of expense reduction in order to conserve cash
resources as we look for alternative solutions.
If we experience negative cash flows, we may need to seek additional debt or equity financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at
all. If available, it could have a highly dilutive effect on the holdings of existing stockholders.
Unless we are able to maintain revenues, control expenses and achieve positive cash flows, our ability to support our obligations could be impaired and our
liquidity could be adversely affected and our solvency and our ability to repay our debts when they come due could be threatened. We may need to seek
additional debt or equity financing on acceptable terms in order to improve our liquidity. However, we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity
financing on satisfactory terms, or at all, and any new financing could have a dilutive effect to our existing stockholders.
Disappointing quarterly revenue or operating results could cause the price of our common stock to fall.
Our quarterly revenue and operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. If our quarterly revenue or
operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our common stock could fall substantially.
Our common stock is particularly subject to volatility because of the industry in which we operate.
The market prices of securities of direct selling companies have been extremely volatile, and have experienced fluctuations that have often been unrelated
or disproportionate to the operating performance of such companies. These broad market fluctuations could adversely affect the market price of our common
stock.
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Our common stock continues to experience wide fluctuations in trading volumes and prices. This may make it more difficult for holders of our
common stock to sell shares when they want and at prices they find attractive.
The public market for our common stock has historically been very volatile. Notwithstanding the transition in trading of our common stock from the OTC
Market to the NASDAQ Capital Market in February 2015, our stock continues to experience wide fluctuations in trading volumes and prices. There are a number
of factors that may contribute to this volatility, including the following:
•
active participation of speculative traders in our stock (including short sellers);
• market rumors regarding our business operations;
•
•
•
government scrutiny of our business;
adverse publicity related to our business or industry; and
fluctuations in our operating results.
This market volatility for our stock may make it more difficult for holders of our stock to sell shares when they want and at prices they find attractive. There
can be no assurance that a larger or more liquid market will be developed or maintained for our common stock.
Future sales by us or our existing stockholders could depress the market price of our common stock.
If we or our existing stockholders sell a large number of shares of our common stock, the market price of our common stock could decline
significantly. Further, even the perception in the public market that we or our existing stockholders might sell shares of common stock could depress the market
price of our common stock.
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
We lease 4,900 square feet of office space in Rolling Hills Estates, California for our corporate headquarters with terms expiring in September 2025. In
addition, we lease 2,400 and 1,600 square feet of retail space in Monterey Park, California and Vancouver, British Columbia, respectively, to help further develop
the market for our products in North America. The Monterey Park and Vancouver locations have terms expiring in August 2020 and February 2021, respectively.
We also maintain an office in Dallas, Texas.
Outside of North America, we lease 7,300 square feet of office space in Hong Kong with terms expiring in February 2018, nine branch offices throughout
China, and additional office space in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Cayman Islands. We also lease a multi-purpose facility
and factory in Zhongshan, China and 11 service stations throughout the city of Guangzhou, China that serve or will in the future serve the needs of our Chinese
consumers. We contract with third parties for fulfillment and distribution operations in all of our international markets. Through a local service provider, we
maintain marketing and member centers in Almaty, Kazakhstan and Moscow, Russia. We believe that our existing office space is in good condition, and is
suitable and adequate for the conduct of our business.
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Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Securities Class Action
In January 2016, two putative securities class action complaints were filed against us and our top executives in the United States District Court for the
Central District of California: Ford v. Natural Health Trends Corp. and Li v. Natural Health Trends Corp. On March 29, 2016, the court consolidated these
actions, appointed two Lead Plaintiffs, Messrs. Dao and Juan, and appointed the Rosen Law Firm and Levi & Korsinsky LLP as co-Lead Counsel for the
purported class. Plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on April 29, 2016. The consolidated complaint purports to assert claims on behalf of all persons who
purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between March 6, 2015 and March 15, 2016 under (i) Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder against Natural Health Trends Corp., Chris T. Sharng, and Timothy S. Davidson, and (ii) Section 20(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 against Chris T. Sharng, Timothy S. Davidson, and George K. Broady. The consolidated complaint alleges, inter alia, that we made
materially false and misleading statements regarding the legality of our business operations in China, including running an allegedly illegal multi-level marketing
business. The consolidated complaint seeks an indeterminate amount of damages, plus interest and costs. We filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated
complaint on June 15, 2016 and a reply in support of our motion to dismiss on August 22 2016. On December 5, 2016, the Court denied our motion to dismiss.
On February 17, 2017, we filed an answer to the consolidated complaint. We believe that these claims are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against
them.
Shareholder Derivative Claims
In February 2016, a purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles: Zhou v.
Sharng. In March 2016, a purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California: Kleinfeldt v.
Sharng (collectively the “Derivative Complaints”). The Derivative Complaints purport to assert claims for breach of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, abuse of
control, gross mismanagement and corporate waste against certain of our officers and directors. The Derivative Complaints also purport to assert fiduciary duty
claims based on alleged insider selling and conspiring to enter into several stock repurchase agreements, which allegedly harmed us and our assets. The
Derivative Complaints allege, inter alia, that we made materially false and misleading statements regarding the legality of our business operations in China,
including running an allegedly illegal multi-level marketing business, and that certain officers and directors sold common stock on the basis of this allegedly
material, adverse non-public information. The Derivative Complaints seek an indeterminate amount of damages, plus interest and costs, as well as various
equitable remedies. On February 1, 2017, pursuant to a stipulation among the parties, the Los Angeles Superior Court entered a stay of the Zhou action pending
conclusion of the related federal class action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California: Ford v. Natural Health Trends Corp. and Li v.
Natural Health Trends Corp. A nearly identical stipulated stay was entered in the Kleinfeldt case on February 28, 2017. We believe that these claims are without
merit and intend to vigorously defend against them.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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Part II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is currently traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “NHTC.” Prior to February 17, 2015, our common stock
was quoted under the trading symbol “NHTC” on the OTCQB tier of the OTC Market. The following table sets forth the range of the high and low bid quotations
of our common stock as reported by Nasdaq and the OTC Markets Group, Inc. The bid quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or
commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
First quarter
Second quarter
Third quarter
Fourth quarter
2016
2015
High
Low
High
Low
$
36.19 $
17.75 $
18.29 $
38.25
34.30
29.95
26.24
25.89
21.44
44.18
43.33
53.72
10.49
17.78
21.91
32.96
On March 7, 2017, the closing price of our common stock as reported by Nasdaq was $27.95 per share.
Holders of Record
At March 7, 2017, there were approximately 125 record holders of our common stock (although we believe that the number of beneficial owners of our
common stock is substantially greater).
Dividends
The following tables summarize all cash dividend activity during 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except per share data), all of which dividend payments were
made to holders of our common stock:
Declaration Date
October 23, 2016 (special)
October 23, 2016
July 19, 2016
April 21, 2016
March 1, 2016
Total
Declaration Date
October 21, 2015
July 28, 2015
May 4, 2015
February 27, 2015
Total
Per Share
Amount
Payment Date
$
0.35 $
3,941
November 25, 2016
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
901
787
686
576
November 25, 2016
August 26, 2016
May 20, 2016
March 24, 2016
$
0.61 $
6,891
Per Share
Amount
Payment Date
$
0.05 $
0.04
0.03
0.02
598
489
372
250
November 20, 2015
August 28, 2015
May 29, 2015
March 27, 2015
$
0.14 $
1,709
Additionally, on January 24, 2017, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.09 and a special cash dividend of $0.35 on each share of common
stock outstanding. Such dividends were paid on March 3, 2017 to stockholders of record on February 21, 2017. Payment of any future dividends on shares of
common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
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Stock Performance Graph
Set forth below is a line graph and table comparing the performance of our common stock to the S&P 500 Index and to a market-weighted index of publicly
traded peers from the period from December 31, 2011 through December 31, 2016. The graph assumes $100 was invested in our common stock, the S&P 500
Index and the index of publicly traded peers on December 31, 2011 and that all dividends were reinvested. The publicly traded companies in the peer group
consist of Nature's Sunshine Products, Nu Skin Enterprises Inc., USANA Health Sciences Inc., and Herbalife Ltd. The graph represents past performance and
should not be considered to be an indication of future performance.
Period
December 31, 2011
December 31, 2012
December 31, 2013
December 31, 2014
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2016
NHTC
S&P 500
Peer Group
$
100 $
100 $
155
492
1,766
5,194
3,944
116
154
175
177
198
100
74
224
135
167
161
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Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data, which have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, are not necessarily
indicative of the results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations”, and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (in
thousands, except per share data).
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
Year Ended December 31
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Commissions expense
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Total operating expenses
Income from operations
Other expense, net
Income before income taxes
Income tax provision (benefit)
Net income
Preferred stock dividends
Net income available to common stockholders
Income per common share:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
Cash dividends declared per common share
Consolidated Balance Sheets Data:
Cash and cash equivalents
Inventories, net
Working capital
Long-term incentive
Total assets
Total stockholders’ equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data:
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Repurchase of common stock
Income taxes paid, net of refunds
$
287,728 $
264,860 $
124,590 $
52,527 $
54,903
54,098
232,825
210,762
125,050
43,245
394
126,598
36,024
263
168,689
162,885
64,136
47,877
(59)
64,077
8,991
55,086
—
(84)
47,793
552
47,241
—
26,981
97,609
56,997
19,687
105
76,789
20,820
(184)
20,636
266
20,370
(10)
12,551
39,976
24,053
11,634
66
35,753
4,223
(32)
4,191
102
4,089
(15)
55,086 $
47,241 $
20,360 $
4,074 $
4.84 $
4.83 $
3.84 $
3.82 $
1.67 $
1.61 $
0.36 $
0.36 $
11,382
11,407
12,302
12,372
12,131
12,600
11,154
11,331
0.61 $
0.14 $
0.03 $
— $
125,921 $
11,257
104,914 $
10,455
44,816 $
3,760
14,550 $
1,828
84,090
8,190
148,051
82,439
56,199
5,770
124,152
56,809
25,253
1,665
52,540
26,450
3,598
—
19,827
6,077
$
$
$
$
$
$
53,174 $
81,326 $
30,613 $
10,686 $
(905)
(30,595)
(23,704)
8,791
(3,738)
(17,471)
(16,071)
707
(339)
(189)
(4,661)
60
(292)
(52)
(52)
71
26
37,514
9,685
27,829
15,724
9,415
45
25,184
2,645
(39)
2,606
(24)
2,630
(17)
2,613
0.24
0.23
10,944
11,234
—
4,207
867
(325)
—
8,219
1,909
2,214
397
(3)
(3)
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Table of Contents
Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Business Overview
We are an international direct-selling and e-commerce company. Subsidiaries controlled by us sell personal care, wellness, and “quality of life” products
under the “NHT Global” brand. Our wholly-owned subsidiaries have an active physical presence in the following markets: North America; Greater China, which
consists of Hong Kong, Taiwan and China; South Korea; Singapore; Malaysia; Japan; and Europe. We also operate in Russia and Kazakhstan through our
engagement with a local service provider. See Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary
Data” of this report for further information about our net sales by geographic area.
As of December 31, 2016, we were conducting business through 118,960 active members, compared to 109,360 in 2015 and 54,360 in 2014. We
consider a member “active” if they have placed at least one product order with us during the preceding year. Our priority is to focus our resources in our most
promising markets, which we consider to be Greater China and countries where our existing members have the connections to recruit prospects and sell our
products, such as Southeast Asia. We have also begun investing some resources in Central and South America.
We generate 98% of our net sales from subsidiaries located outside North America, with sales of our Hong Kong subsidiary representing 92% of net sales
in the latest fiscal year. Because of the size of our foreign operations, operating results can be impacted negatively or positively by factors such as foreign
currency fluctuations, and economic, political and business conditions around the world. In addition, our business is subject to various laws and regulations, in
particular, regulations related to direct selling activities that create uncertain risks for our business, including improper claims or activities by our members and
potential inability to obtain necessary product registrations. For further information regarding some of the risks associated with the conduct of our business in
China, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and more specifically under the captions “Risk Factors - Because our Hong Kong operations account for a substantial portion
of our overall business...” and “Risk Factors - Our operations in China are subject to compliance with a myriad of applicable laws and regulations...”.
China has been and continues to be our most important business development project. We operate an e-commerce direct selling model in Hong Kong that
generates revenue derived from the sale of products to members in Hong Kong and elsewhere, including China. Substantially all of our Hong Kong revenues are
derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. Through a separate Chinese entity, we operate an e-commerce retail platform in
China. We believe that neither of these activities require a direct selling license in China, which we do not currently hold. We have previously sought to obtain a
direct selling license, and in August 2015 initiated the process for submitting a new preliminary application for a direct selling license in China. If we are able to
obtain a direct selling license in China, we believe that the incentives inherent in the direct selling model in China would incrementally benefit our existing
business. Increased sales in China that could be derived from obtaining a direct selling license may be partially offset by the higher fixed costs associated with
the establishment and maintenance of required service centers and branch offices. We are unable to predict whether and when we will be successful in obtaining
a direct selling license to operate in China, and if we are successful, when we will be permitted to conduct direct selling operations and whether such operations
would be profitable.
Income Statement Presentation
We mainly derive revenue from sales of products. Substantially all of our product sales are to independent members at published wholesale prices. Product
sales are recorded when the products are shipped and title passes to independent members, which generally is upon our delivery to the carrier that completes
delivery to the members. We estimate and accrue a reserve for product returns based on our return policies and historical experience. Enrollment package
revenue, including any nonrefundable set-up fees, is deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement, generally twelve months. We bill members for
shipping charges and recognize the freight revenue in net sales. Event and training revenue is deferred and recognized as the event or training occurs.
Cost of sales consists primarily of products purchased from third-party manufacturers, freight cost for transporting products to our foreign subsidiaries and
shipping products to members, import duties, packing materials, product royalties, costs of promotional materials sold to our members at or near cost, and
provisions for slow moving or obsolete inventories. Cost of sales also includes purchasing costs, receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs.
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Table of Contents
Member commissions are our most significant expense and are classified as an operating expense. Under our compensation plan, members are paid
weekly commissions by our subsidiary in which they are enrolled, generally in their home country currency, for product purchases by their down-line member
network across all geographic markets. Our China subsidiary maintains an e-commerce retail platform and does not pay any commissions. This “seamless”
compensation plan enables a member located in one country to enroll other members located in other countries where we are authorized to conduct our
business. Currently, there are basically two ways in which our members can earn income:
•
•
through commissions paid on product purchases made by their down-line members; and
through retail markups on sales of products purchased by members at wholesale prices (in some markets, sales are for personal consumption only and
income may not be earned through retail mark-ups on sales in that market).
Each of our products is designated a specified number of bonus volume points. Commissions are based on total personal and group bonus volume points
per weekly sales period. Bonus volume points are essentially a percentage of a product’s wholesale price. As the member’s business expands from successfully
enrolling other members who in turn expand their own businesses by selling product to other members, the member receives higher commissions from
purchases made by an expanding down-line network. In some of our markets, to be eligible to receive commissions, a member may be required to make nominal
monthly or other periodic purchases of our products. Certain of our subsidiaries do not require these nominal purchases for a member to be eligible to receive
commissions. In determining commissions, the number of levels of down-line members included within the member’s commissionable group increases as the
number of memberships directly below the member increases. Under our current compensation plan, certain of our commission payouts may be limited to a hard
cap dollar amount per week or a specific percentage of total product sales. In some markets, commissions may be further limited. In some markets, we also pay
certain bonuses on purchases by up to three generations of personally enrolled members, as well as bonuses on commissions earned by up to three
generations of personally enrolled members. Members can also earn income, trips and other prizes in specific time-limited promotions and contests we hold from
time to time. Member commissions are dependent on the sales mix and, for each of fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 represented 44%, 48% and 46%, respectively, of
net sales. Occasionally, we make modifications and enhancements to our compensation plan to help motivate members, which can have an impact on member
commissions. We may also enter into agreements for business or market development, which could result in additional compensation to specific members.
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of administrative compensation and benefits, travel, credit card fees and assessments, professional
fees, certain occupancy costs, and other corporate administrative expenses (including stock-based compensation). In addition, this category includes selling,
marketing, and promotion expenses (including the costs of member training events and conventions that are designed to increase both product awareness and
member recruitment). Because our various member conventions are not always held at the same time each year, interim period comparisons will be impacted
accordingly.
The functional currency of our international subsidiaries is generally their local currency. Local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of
exchange on the balance sheet date, and local currency revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. Equity accounts
are translated at historical rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded directly into accumulated other comprehensive income.
Sales by our foreign subsidiaries are transacted in the respective local currencies and are translated into U.S. dollars using average rates of exchange for
each monthly accounting period to which they relate. Most of our product purchases from third-party manufacturers are transacted in U.S. dollars.
Consequently, our sales and net earnings are affected by changes in currency exchange rates, with sales and earnings generally increasing with a weakening
U.S. dollar and decreasing with a strengthening U.S. dollar, see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and more specifically
under the caption “Foreign Currency Exchange Risk” for further information.
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Table of Contents
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our operating results as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Commissions expense
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Total operating expenses
Income from operations
Other expense, net
Income before income taxes
Income tax provision
Net income
The following table sets forth revenue by market for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
100.0%
19.1
80.9
43.5
15.0
0.1
58.6
22.3
—
22.3
3.1
19.2%
100.0%
20.4
79.6
47.8
13.6
0.1
61.5
18.1
—
18.1
0.2
17.9%
100.0 %
21.7
78.3
45.7
15.8
0.1
61.6
16.7
(0.2)
16.5
0.2
16.3 %
North America
Hong Kong1
China
Taiwan
South Korea
Japan
Singapore
Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine2
Europe
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
5,909
263,482
2.0% $
91.6
5,992
245,737
2.3% $
92.8
2,812
111,028
2.3%
89.1
9,086
6,213
691
86
169
858
1,234
3.2
2.2
0.2
—
0.1
0.3
0.4
4,425
5,965
1,128
92
—
1,139
382
1.7
2.3
0.4
—
—
0.4
0.1
1,538
4,628
1,009
89
—
3,113
373
1.2
3.7
0.8
0.1
—
2.5
0.3
100.0%
Total
287,728
1 Substantially all of our Hong Kong revenues are derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors”.
2 We discontinued our Ukraine operations during the second quarter of 2015.
100.0% $
100.0% $
124,590
264,860
$
Financial Results of 2016 Compared to 2015
Net Sales
Net sales were $287.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with $264.9 million a year ago, an increase of $22.8 million, or 9%. Hong
Kong net sales, substantially all of which were shipped to members residing in China, increased $17.7 million, or 7%, over the prior year. Hong Kong
experienced an increase of 7,800 active members, or 8%, during 2016, which contributed to the increase in product sales volume. We also launched new
Wellness products during 2016, which contributed approximately $11.2 million to our top-line growth. However, we believe our net sales increase was adversely
impacted by the following:
•
A primary factor was the special measures the Chinese government implemented in preparation of the G20 Summit in Hangzhou, one of our top
markets, in which they relocated city residents, emptied entire districts, blocked urban traffic and shut down businesses in July, August and early
September 2016.
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Table of Contents
•
•
Also, we did not offer a comparable incentive trip promotion in 2016 as the 2015 supplemental incentive trip promotion to the U.S., which proved to be
appealing and contributed to increased sales in 2015.
Finally, the devaluation of the Chinese yuan, which depreciated 7% against the Hong Kong dollar during 2016, indirectly affected our financial results by
increasing the product pricing in the currency of our Chinese members.
Outside of our Hong Kong business, net sales increased $5.1 million, or 27%, compared with the prior year, driven by a 105% increase in our China e-
commerce business and a 223% increase in Europe, offset by the performance of South Korea, which decreased 39% and our Commonwealth of Independent
States (“CIS”) market, which decreased 25%. The $4.7 million net sales increase in our China e-commerce business was primarily driven by increased sales in
our Home product line, which was introduced during the fourth quarter of 2015. The $852,000 net sales increase in Europe was primarily driven by our Wellness
product line.
As of December 31, 2016, deferred revenue was $4.9 million, which primarily consisted of $2.2 million in unshipped product orders, and $2.3 million and
$430,000 pertaining to auto ship advances and unamortized enrollment package revenue, respectively.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was 80.9% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with 79.6% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015. The
gross profit margin percentage increase is due to higher event and training revenue, higher product margins and lower logistics costs.
Commissions
Commissions were 43.5% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with 47.8% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015.
The decrease as a percentage of net sales resulted primarily from the reduction in our on-going cash and other incentive programs which cost 3.0% of net sales
for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with 6.4% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $43.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with $36.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 2015. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $7.2 million, or 20%, mainly due to an increase in event costs, member training
costs, professional fees, and an increase in credit card fees and assessments due to higher net sales, offset by a decrease in our employee-related expenses,
as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015.
Income Taxes
An income tax provision of $9.0 million was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with $552,000 for the year ended December 31,
2015. The increase is due to greater profitability of our international operations, as well as the repatriation of foreign earnings back to the U.S. during the year. As
a result of capital return activities approved by the Board of Directors during the first quarter of 2016 and anticipated future capital return activities, we then
determined that a portion of our undistributed foreign earnings were no longer deemed reinvested indefinitely by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. We repatriated $19.8
million to the U.S. during the three months ended March 31, 2016, part of which was offset by U.S. net operating losses. Accordingly, the deferred tax liability
previously established for undistributed foreign earnings up to existing U.S. net operating losses was reduced. The excess amount repatriated during the year
ended December 31, 2016 was generated from current foreign earnings. In addition, during the three months ended December 31, 2016, we released our
remaining valuation allowance against U.S. deferred tax assets as it was determined that it is more likely than not that we will realize the tax benefits of our
deferred assets in future periods. We will continue to periodically reassess the needs of our foreign subsidiaries and update our indefinite reinvestment assertion
as necessary. To the extent that additional foreign earnings are not deemed permanently reinvested, we expect to recognize additional income tax provision at
the applicable U.S. corporate tax rate.
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Table of Contents
Financial Results of 2015 Compared to 2014
Net Sales
Net sales were $264.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared with $124.6 million a year ago, an increase of $140.3 million, or 113%.
Hong Kong net sales, substantially all of which were shipped to members residing in China, increased $134.7 million, or 121%, over the prior year. Hong Kong
experienced an increase of 54,100 active members, or 116%, during 2015, which is comparable to the increase in net sales. The sales increase in Hong Kong
was primarily due to a substantial increase in product sale volumes attributable to the increase in new active members and effectiveness of our leadership
development, promotional programs, incentives, events, new products, training, commission plans and services. During 2015, our on-going member cash and
incentive programs, including a supplemental incentive trip promotion to the U.S. offered during part of 2015, were more appealing to our members than those
offered during the prior year and contributed to increased sales. Additionally, we hosted the largest event in our company’s history in Hong Kong during August
2015, and launched new Wellness products that resulted in additional sales of approximately $7.0 million.
Outside of our Hong Kong business, net sales increased $5.6 million, or 41%, compared with the prior year. Double or triple digit percentage sales
increases occurred in North America, Taiwan, South Korea and the China e-commerce business. These increases were offset by the performance of our CIS
market, which continued to be negatively impacted by the political unrest in the region, as well as the devaluation of the Russian ruble, and decreased $2.0
million, or 63%, compared with the prior year.
As of December 31, 2015, deferred revenue was $4.0 million, which primarily consisted of $1.8 million in unshipped product orders, and $1.6 million and
$331,000 pertaining to auto ship advances and unamortized enrollment package revenue, respectively.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was 79.6% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared with 78.3% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2014. The
gross profit margin percentage increase was primarily attributable to higher product margins, lower third party service provider fees in Russia and lower logistics
costs in Hong Kong.
Commissions
Commissions were 47.8% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared with 45.7% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2014.
The increase as a percentage of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily resulted from an increase in the cost of our on-going member cash
and other incentive programs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $36.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared with $19.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 2014. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $16.3 million, or 83%, mainly due to an increase in employee-related costs and
incentive program accruals, professional fees, director costs, and facility costs, as well as an increase in credit card fees and assessments due to higher net
sales as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014.
Income Taxes
An income tax provision of $552,000 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared with $266,000 for the year ended December 31,
2014. The increase was due to greater profitability of our international operations, as well as the repatriation of foreign earnings back to the U.S. during the year.
As a result of capital return activities approved by the Board of Directors during the three months ended September 30, 2015, and anticipated future capital
return activities intended to take full advantage of existing U.S. net operating losses, we determined that a portion of our undistributed foreign earnings were no
longer deemed reinvested indefinitely by our non-U.S. subsidiaries beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2015. As such, an accumulated deferred tax
liability of $9.3 million was recorded against these undistributed earnings, which included the impact of utilization of foreign tax credits. However, because it was
anticipated that these earnings would be offset by U.S. net operating losses that had previously been fully offset by a valuation allowance, we also released a
similar amount of valuation allowance. Accordingly, there was no significant impact on the income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2015.
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Table of Contents
During 2015, $18.4 million in foreign earnings were repatriated back into the U.S. which were offset by U.S. net operating losses. As of December 31, 2015
there was a remaining deferred tax liability of $2.8 million, which was offset by an equivalent amount of net operating loss deferred tax assets. This represented
the remaining balance of the U.S. tax impact of undistributed foreign earnings that was planned to be repatriated to the U.S. as of December 31, 2015. All other
undistributed foreign earnings were intended to be permanently reinvested in non-U.S. operations to fund and expand the non-U.S. subsidiaries as of December
31, 2015.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 31, 2016, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $125.9 million. Total cash and cash equivalents increased by $21.0 million and $60.1 million
during 2016 and 2015, respectively. We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash
equivalents. As of December 31, 2016, we had $73.5 million in available-for-sale investments classified as cash equivalents. In addition, cash and cash
equivalents included $120.0 million held in bank accounts overseas, which included $6.8 million held in banks located in China subject to foreign currency
controls.
At December 31, 2016, the ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 2.47 to 1.00 and we had $84.1 million of working capital. Working capital as of
December 31, 2016 increased $27.9 million compared to our working capital as of December 31, 2015, primarily due to cash generated from operations.
Cash provided by operations during 2016 was $53.2 million compared to $81.3 million during 2015. The decrease in operating cash flows resulted
primarily from the timing of increased commission-related payments, the increase of our members' utilization of our eWallet functionality and U.S. income tax
payments resulting from the repatriation of overseas profits of $7.4 million, offset by a reduction in our inventory purchases and increased net income during
2016.
Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $905,000 during 2016. Software development costs of $666,800 were incurred during the year ended
December 31, 2016 for our Oracle ERP upgrade and enhancement of our back office software platform. Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $3.7
million during the year ended December 31, 2015 and consisted primarily of our June 2015 funding of a bank deposit amount in the amount of CNY 20 million
(USD $3.3 million at June 30, 2015) for our direct selling license application. Such deposit is required by Chinese laws to establish a consumer protection fund. In
August 2015, cash deposits in the amount of $218,000 were received from certain South Korean credit card processing companies. Additionally, buildout costs
of $608,000 were incurred during 2015 for new offices located in California, Hong Kong and Singapore, at the multi-purpose facility in Zhongshan, China and at
the new Healthy Lifestyle Center in Monterey Park, California.
Cash flows used in financing activities during 2016 totaled $30.6 million. We used $23.7 million to repurchase shares of our common stock. On January
12, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized an increase to our stock repurchase program first approved on July 28, 2015 from $15.0 million to $70.0 million.
Repurchases are expected to be executed to the extent that our earnings and cash-on-hand allow, and will be made in accordance with all applicable securities
laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. For all or a portion of the authorized repurchase amount, we may enter into one or more plans
that are compliant with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act that are designed to facilitate these purchases. The stock repurchase program does not require us to
acquire a specific number of shares, and may be suspended from time to time or discontinued. During February 2016, pursuant to the stock repurchase
program, we authorized our broker to proceed with the purchase of shares of our common stock in the open market. During the year ended December 31, 2016,
the stock repurchase program resulted in our purchasing a total of 903,031 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $23.7 million, plus
transaction costs. As of December 31, 2016, $32.0 million of the $70.0 million stock repurchase program approved on July 28, 2015 and increased on January
12, 2016 remained available for future purchases, inclusive of related estimated income tax. Cash flows used in financing activities during 2015 totaled $17.5
million, and consisted primarily of $16.1 million used to repurchase a total of 547,042 shares of our common stock and $1.7 million in cash dividends.
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Table of Contents
Other financing cash flows during 2016 included the following cash dividend payments (in thousands, except per share amounts) to holders of our
common stock:
Declaration Date
Per Share
Amount
Record Date
October 23, 2016 (special)
$
0.35 $
3,941
November 15, 2016
October 23, 2016
July 19, 2016
April 21, 2016
March 1, 2016
Total
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
901
787
686
576
November 15, 2016
August 16, 2016
May 10, 2016
March 16, 2016
$
0.61 $
6,891
Payment Date
November 25, 2016
November 25, 2016
August 26, 2016
May 20, 2016
March 24, 2016
Subsequent to December 31, 2016, on January 24, 2017, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.09 and a special cash dividend of $0.35 on
each share of common stock outstanding. Such dividends were paid on March 3, 2017 to stockholders of record on February 21, 2017. Payment of any future
dividends on shares of common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
We believe that our existing internal liquidity, supported by cash on hand and cash flows from operations should be adequate to fund normal business
operations and address our financial commitments for the foreseeable future.
We do not have any significant unused sources of liquid assets. If necessary, we may attempt to generate more funding from the capital markets, but
currently do not believe that will be necessary.
Our priority is to focus our resources on investing in our most important markets, which we consider to be Greater China and countries where our existing
members may have the connections to recruit prospects and sell our products, such as Southeast Asia. We will continue to invest in our Mainland China entity
for such purposes as establishing China-based manufacturing capabilities, increasing public awareness of our brand and our products, sourcing more Chinese-
made products, building a chain of service stations, opening additional Healthy Lifestyle Centers or branch offices, adding local staffing and other requirements
for a China direct selling license application. We have also begun to invest some resources in Central and South America.
Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)
The following table sets forth unaudited quarterly operating results for each of the last eight fiscal quarters. The information for each of these quarters has
been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report and, in the opinion of management,
includes all adjustments, which includes only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the results of operations for these periods. This
data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data” of this annual report. These quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for any future period.
2016
2015
4th
Quarter
3rd
Quarter
2nd
Quarter
1st
Quarter
4th
Quarter
3rd
Quarter
2nd
Quarter
1st
Quarter
Net sales
Gross profit
Income from operations
Net income
Income per common share:
Basic
Diluted
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
$
62,312 $
70,679 $
80,391 $
74,346 $
73,656 $
80,779 $
69,716 $
50,375
20,014
19,048
57,052
15,208
12,557
65,332
14,927
12,201
60,066
13,987
11,280
58,583
13,893
13,699
64,778
14,803
14,531
55,622
12,263
12,273
1.70
1.70
1.12
1.12
1.08
1.07
0.96
0.95
1.13
1.13
1.19
1.18
0.99
0.98
40,709
31,779
6,918
6,738
0.54
0.54
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Table of Contents
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016 and the expected effect on our cash flow and liquidity in future
periods (in thousands):
Operating leases
Purchase obligations
Long-term incentive
Other commitments
Total
Total
2017
2018-2019
2020-2021
Thereafter
$
3,923 $
1,559 $
1,154 $
510 $
20,745
10,064
357
9,725
1,874
107
11,020
2,390
163
—
1,963
87
$
35,089 $
13,265 $
14,727 $
2,560 $
700
—
3,837
—
4,537
We have entered into non-cancelable operating lease agreements for locations within the United States and for our international subsidiaries, with
expirations through September 2025 totaling $3.9 million.
In May 2013, we entered into an exclusive distribution agreement with one of our suppliers to purchase their product through July 2016 which automatically
renews annually unless terminated 90 days prior to the termination date. To maintain exclusivity, we are required to purchase a minimum of $40,000 of product
per month until the termination date. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the exclusivity provision.
In February 2016, we amended a supply agreement with one of our suppliers to maintain worldwide exclusivity in return for purchasing a minimum of $9.4
million of product annually on average over the next three years, plus certain raw material guarantees. If we do not purchase the minimum product as required,
then a Cure Payment, as defined, will be due to the supplier. The term of the agreement is three years commencing February 2016 and shall automatically renew
for successive three year terms unless notice of termination is provided by either party.
In recognition of the achievement of specified performance goals, financial rewards are awarded under our 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan with cash
payments through December 2023. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of
this report for additional information.
We have evaluated our tax positions and have determined that there are no uncertain tax positions for the current year or years prior.
We have employment agreements with certain members of our management team that can be terminated by either the employee or us upon four weeks’
notice. The employment agreements entered into with the management team contain provisions that guarantee the payments of specified amounts in the event
of a change in control, as defined, or if the employee is terminated without cause, as defined, or terminates employment for good reason, as defined.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
A summary of our significant accounting policies is provided in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements
and Supplementary Data” of this report. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. The
process of determining significant estimates is fact specific and takes into account historical experience and current and expected economic conditions. To the
extent that there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, future results of operations will be affected.
Critical accounting policies and estimates are defined as both those that are material to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and
as those that require management’s most subjective judgments. Management believes our critical accounting policies and estimates are those related to revenue
recognition, as well as those used in the determination of liabilities related to sales returns, member commissions and income taxes.
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Table of Contents
Revenue Recognition. Product sales are recorded when the products are shipped and title passes to independent members. Product sales to members are
made pursuant to a member agreement that provides for transfer of both title and risk of loss upon our delivery to the carrier that completes delivery to the
members, which is commonly referred to as “F.O.B. Shipping Point.” We primarily receive payment by credit card at the time members place orders. Our sales
arrangements do not contain right of inspection or customer acceptance provisions other than general rights of return. Amounts received for unshipped product
are recorded as deferred revenue. Such amounts totaled $2.2 million and $1.8 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Shipping charges billed to
members are included in net sales. Costs associated with shipments are included in cost of sales. Event and training revenue is deferred and recognized as the
event or training occurs.
Enrollment package revenue, including any nonrefundable set-up fees, is deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement, generally twelve
months. Enrollment packages provide members access to both a personalized marketing website and a business management system. No upfront costs are
deferred as the amount is nominal. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, enrollment package revenue totaling $430,000 and $331,000 was deferred, respectively.
Although we have no immediate plans to significantly change the terms or conditions of enrollment packages, any changes in the future could result in additional
revenue deferrals or could cause us to recognize the deferred revenue over a longer period of time. Additionally, deferred revenue includes advances for auto
ship orders. In certain markets, when a member’s cumulative commission income reaches a certain threshold, a percentage of the member’s weekly
commission is held back as an advance and applied to an auto ship order once the accumulated amount of the advances is sufficient to pay for the pre-selected
auto ship package of the member. Such advances were $2.3 million and $1.6 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Allowance for Sales Returns. An allowance for sales returns is provided during the period the product is shipped. The allowance is based upon the return
policy of each country, which varies from 14 days to one year, and their historical return rates, which range from 1% to 7% of sales. Sales returns were 2% and
1% of sales for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The allowance for sales returns was $1.6 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
No material changes in estimates have been recognized during the periods presented.
Commissions. Independent members earn commissions based on total personal and group bonus volume points per weekly sales period. Each of our
products are designated a specified number of bonus volume points, which is essentially a percentage of the product’s wholesale price. We accrue commissions
when earned and as the related revenue is recognized and pay commissions on product sales generally two weeks following the end of the weekly sales period.
Independent members may also earn incentives based on meeting certain qualifications during a designated incentive period, which may range from
several weeks to up to a year. These incentives may be both monetary and non-monetary in nature. For each individual incentive, we estimate the total number
of qualifiers as well as the expected per qualifier cost and accrue all costs associated with incentives throughout the qualification period. We regularly review and
update, if necessary, the estimates of both qualifiers and cost as more information is obtained during the qualification period. Any resulting change in total cost is
recognized over the remaining qualification period. Accrued commissions, including the estimated cost of our international recognition incentive program and
other supplemental programs, totaled $13.6 million and $19.6 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes are recognized for differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities at enacted
statutory rates for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We evaluate the probability of realizing the future
benefits of any of our deferred tax assets and record a valuation allowance when we believe a portion or all of our deferred tax assets may not be realized.
Deferred tax expense or benefit is a result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Based on the technical merits of our tax position, tax benefits may be
recognized if we determine it is more likely than not that our position will be sustained on examination by tax authorities. The complex nature of these estimates
requires us to anticipate the likely application of tax law and make judgments on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized
prior to the completion and filing of tax returns for such periods. As of December 31, 2016, we no longer have a valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred
tax assets. We maintain a valuation allowance in certain foreign jurisdictions with an overall tax loss. The valuation allowance will be reduced at such time as
management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. Any reductions in the valuation allowance will reduce future income
tax provision.
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Table of Contents
Provision for income taxes depends on the statutory tax rates in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. As a result of capital return activities, we
determined that a portion of our current undistributed foreign earnings are no longer deemed reinvested indefinitely by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. We will
continue to periodically reassess the needs of our foreign subsidiaries and update our indefinite reinvestment assertion as necessary. To the extent that
additional foreign earnings are not deemed permanently reinvested, we expect to recognize additional income tax provision at the applicable U.S. corporate tax
rate. As of December 31, 2016, we recorded a deferred tax liability for earnings that we plans to repatriate out of accumulated earnings in future periods. All
undistributed earnings in excess of 50% of current earnings on an annual basis are intended to be reinvested indefinitely as of December 31, 2016.
We estimate what our effective tax rate will be for the full fiscal year at each interim reporting period and record a quarterly tax provision based on that
estimated effective tax rate. Throughout the year that estimated rate may change based on variations in our business, changes in our corporate structure,
changes in the geographic mix and amount of income, applicable tax laws and regulations, communications with tax authorities, as well as our estimated and
actual level of annual pre-tax income. We adjust our income tax provision in the reporting period in which the change in our estimated rate occurs so that the
year-to-date provision is consistent with the anticipated annual tax rate.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We have operations both internationally and within the United States, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These
risks include primarily interest rate, foreign exchange and inflation risks.
Interest Rate Fluctuation Risk
Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, available-for-sale securities, comprising municipal notes, bonds and corporate debt, money market funds
and time deposits. The primary objective of our investment in available-for-sale securities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly
increasing risk. Because our cash and cash equivalents have a relatively short maturity, our portfolio's fair value is relatively insensitive to interest rate changes.
In future periods, we will continue to evaluate our investment policy relative to our overall objectives.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We have foreign currency risks related to our revenue and expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our most significant foreign
exchange exposure, the Hong Kong dollar, is for now pegged to the U.S. dollar. Our foreign currency exchange rate exposure to South Korean won, Taiwan
dollar, Japanese yen, Chinese yuan, Russian ruble, Kazakhstani tenge, Singaporean dollar, Malaysian ringgit, Canadian dollar, and European euro represented
approximately 7%, 6% and 10% of our revenue during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We have experienced and will
continue to experience fluctuations in our net income as a result of transaction gains and losses related to translating certain balances denominated in
currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
Our foreign currency exchange rate exposure may increase in the near future as we further develop opportunities in Southeast Asia, Canada, Central
America, South America and Europe. Additionally, our foreign currency exchange rate exposure would significantly increase if the Hong Kong dollar were no
longer pegged to the U.S. dollar. We also experience indirect exchange rate exposure due to the recent devaluation of the Chinese yuan, which has depreciated
7% against the Hong Kong dollar and has eroded our Chinese members’ purchasing power. Given our inability to predict the degree of exchange rate
fluctuations, we cannot estimate the effect these fluctuations may have upon future reported results, product pricing or our overall financial condition. Further, to
date we have not attempted to reduce our exposure to short-term exchange rate fluctuations by using foreign currency exchange contracts.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to
significant inflationary pressures, we might not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Table of Contents
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Lane Gorman Trubitt, LLC, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
37
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38
39
40
41
42
43
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Board of Directors and Stockholders
Natural Health Trends Corp.
Rolling Hills Estates, California
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Natural Health Trends Corp. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31, 2016. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in
Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s
management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial
Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting
based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we
plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating
effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the
circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial
reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation
of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Natural Health
Trends Corp. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained,
in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
/s/ Lane Gorman Trubitt, LLC
Dallas, Texas
March 10, 2017
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Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Inventories, net
Other current assets
Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Goodwill
Restricted cash
Other assets
Total assets
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
Income taxes payable
Accrued commissions
Other accrued expenses
Deferred revenue
Amounts held in eWallets
Other current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Deferred tax liability
Long-term incentive
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
ASSETS
December 31,
2016
2015
$
125,921 $
11,257
4,066
141,244
1,388
1,764
2,963
692
104,914
10,455
2,343
117,712
894
1,764
3,166
616
148,051 $
124,152
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
$
$
2,145 $
663
13,611
14,989
4,948
19,165
1,633
57,154
268
8,190
65,612
—
13
86,574
38,548
(807)
(41,889)
82,439
2,862
379
19,634
16,703
4,011
16,414
1,510
61,513
60
5,770
67,343
—
13
85,963
(9,647)
(101)
(19,419)
56,809
124,152
$
148,051
$
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at December
31, 2016 and 2015
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 12,979,414 shares issued at December 31,
2016 and 2015
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,692,218 and 840,202 shares at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively
Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Commissions expense
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Total operating expenses
Income from operations
Other expense, net
Income before income taxes
Income tax provision
Net income
Preferred stock dividends
Net income available to common stockholders
Income per common share:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
Cash dividends declared per common share
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
287,728 $
264,860 $
124,590
54,903
232,825
54,098
210,762
125,050
126,598
43,245
394
36,024
263
168,689
162,885
64,136
47,877
(59)
64,077
8,991
55,086
—
(84)
47,793
552
47,241
—
26,981
97,609
56,997
19,687
105
76,789
20,820
(184)
20,636
266
20,370
(10)
$
$
$
$
55,086 $
47,241 $
20,360
4.84 $
4.83 $
3.84 $
3.82 $
11,382
11,407
12,302
12,372
0.61 $
0.14 $
1.67
1.61
12,131
12,600
0.03
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In Thousands)
Net income
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Release of cumulative translation adjustment
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustment
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities
Comprehensive income
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
55,086 $
47,241 $
20,370
(838)
132
(706)
—
(79)
(82)
(161)
(2)
143
—
143
—
$
54,380 $
47,078 $
20,513
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
BALANCE, December 31, 2013
Net income
Conversion of Series A preferred
stock
Exercise of warrants
Repurchase of common stock
Common stock issued
Dividends declared
Foreign currency translation
adjustments
Stock-based compensation
BALANCE, December 31, 2014
Net income
Exercise of warrants
Repurchase of common stock
Common stock issued
Dividends declared
Elimination of CTA upon
dissolution
Foreign currency translation
adjustments
Unrealized loss on available-for-
sale securities
Stock-based compensation
BALANCE, December 31, 2015
Net income
Repurchase of common stock
Common stock issued
Dividends declared
Elimination of CTA upon
dissolution
Foreign currency translation
adjustments
Stock-based compensation
BALANCE, December 31, 2016
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Shares Amount
Shares
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
123,693 $ 111 11,359,769 $
—
—
—
11 $ 80,690 $
—
—
(74,619) $
20,370
(123,693)
(111)
123,693
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— 1,407,855
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— 12,891,317
—
—
—
—
—
—
88,097
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
13
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— 12,979,414
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
13
—
—
—
—
111
4,946
—
(46)
—
—
49
85,750
—
309
—
(182)
—
—
—
—
86
85,963
—
—
507
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
104
—
—
—
(74)
(476)
—
—
(54,799)
47,241
—
—
(380)
(1,709)
—
—
—
—
(9,647)
55,086
—
—
(6,891)
—
—
—
(81)
—
—
—
—
—
—
143
—
62
—
—
—
—
—
(82)
(79)
(2)
—
(101)
—
—
—
—
132
(838)
—
Treasury Stock
Shares
Amount
Total
(26,998) $
—
—
—
(382,564)
25,342
—
—
—
(384,220)
—
—
(547,042)
91,060
—
—
—
—
—
(35) $
—
6,077
20,370
—
—
(4,661)
120
—
—
—
(4,576)
—
—
(16,071)
1,228
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,948
(4,661)
—
(476)
143
49
26,450
47,241
309
(16,071)
666
(1,709)
(82)
(79)
(2)
86
(840,202)
—
(903,031)
51,015
—
(19,419)
—
(23,704)
1,234
—
56,809
55,086
(23,704)
1,741
(6,891)
—
—
—
—
—
—
132
(838)
104
— $ — 12,979,414 $
13 $ 86,574 $
38,548 $
(807)
(1,692,218) $
(41,889) $ 82,439
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
Stock-based compensation
Cumulative translation adjustment realized in net income
Deferred income taxes
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Inventories, net
Other current assets
Other assets
Accounts payable
Income taxes payable
Accrued commissions
Other accrued expenses
Deferred revenue
Amounts held in eWallets
Other current liabilities
Long-term incentive
Net cash provided by operating activities
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment
Increase in restricted cash
Net cash used in investing activities
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of warrants
Repurchase of common stock
Dividends paid
Net cash used in financing activities
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
55,086 $
47,241 $
20,370
394
104
132
217
(851)
(1,681)
(90)
(714)
303
(6,031)
51
947
2,752
135
2,420
53,174
(905)
—
(905)
—
(23,704)
(6,891)
(30,595)
(667)
21,007
104,914
263
86
(82)
(15)
(6,762)
(1,025)
(267)
637
(115)
10,840
10,714
1,331
14,350
25
4,105
81,326
(710)
(3,028)
(3,738)
309
(16,071)
(1,709)
(17,471)
(19)
60,098
44,816
$
125,921 $
104,914 $
105
49
—
(43)
(2,029)
(501)
(85)
(822)
243
5,077
3,706
147
2,065
666
1,665
30,613
(339)
—
(339)
4,948
(4,661)
(476)
(189)
181
30,266
14,550
44,816
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
Natural Health Trends Corp., a Delaware corporation (whether or not including its subsidiaries, the “Company”), is an international direct-selling and e-
commerce company. Subsidiaries controlled by the Company sell personal care, wellness, and “quality of life” products under the “NHT Global” brand.
The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries have an active physical presence in the following markets: North America; Greater China, which consists of
Hong Kong, Taiwan and China; South Korea; Singapore; Malaysia; Japan; and Europe. The Company also operates in Russia and Kazakhstan through its
engagement with a local service provider.
In September 2015, the Company relocated its corporate headquarters from Dallas, Texas to Rolling Hills Estates, California.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances
and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period.
The most significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements include estimates associated with revenue
recognition, as well as those used in the determination of liabilities related to sales returns, commissions and income taxes. Various assumptions and other
factors prompt the determination of these significant estimates. The process of determining significant estimates is fact specific and takes into account historical
experience and current and expected economic conditions. The actual results may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent
that there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, future results of operations will be affected.
Reclassification
Certain accounts receivable balances have been reclassified in the prior year consolidated financial statements to conform to current year presentation. No
change in total current assets occurred. Additionally, deferred tax liability balances have been reclassified from current to long-term in the prior year
consolidated financial statements to conform to the early adoption of ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of December 31, 2016, cash and cash equivalents include $6.8 million held in banks located within China subject to foreign currency controls. The
Company includes credit card receivables due from certain of its credit card processors in its cash and cash equivalents as the cash proceeds are received
within two to five days.
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Additionally, as of December 31, 2016, cash and cash equivalents include the Company's investments in debt securities, comprising municipal notes,
bonds and corporate debt, money market funds and time deposits. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months
or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. Debt securities classified as cash equivalents are required to be accounted for in accordance with ASC 320,
Investments - Debt and Equity Securities . As such, the Company determined its investments in debt securities held at December 31, 2016 should be classified
as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders' equity.
The cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and discounts to maturity. This amortization is included in other income. Realized gains and
losses, as well as interest income, are also included in other income. The fair values of securities are based on quoted market prices.
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of each period were as follows (in thousands):
Cash
Cash equivalents
Total cash and cash equivalents
December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
52,453 $
73,468
125,921 $
47,431
57,483
104,914
The Company maintains certain cash balances at several institutions located in the United States, Hong Kong and Malaysia which at times may exceed
insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk.
Restricted Cash
In June 2015, the Company funded a bank deposit account in the amount of CNY 20 million (USD 2.9 million at December 31, 2016) in anticipation of
submitting a direct selling license application in China. Such deposit is required by Chinese laws to establish a consumer protection fund.
The Company periodically maintains a cash reserve with certain credit card processing companies to provide for potential uncollectible amounts and
chargebacks. Those cash reserves held by credit card processing companies located in South Korea are reflected in noncurrent assets since they require the
Company to provide 100% collateral before processing transactions, which must be maintained indefinitely.
Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or market, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company reviews its
inventory for obsolescence and any inventory identified as obsolete is reserved or written off. The Company’s determination of obsolescence is based on
assumptions about the demand for its products, product expiration dates, estimated future sales, and management’s future plans. At December 31, 2016 and
2015, the reserve for obsolescence totaled $82,000, and $29,000, respectively.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over
the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three to five years for office equipment and office software and five to seven years for furniture and fixtures.
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs
are charged to expense as incurred.
The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may
not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of its carrying amounts to future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected
to generate. If property and equipment are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the
asset exceeds its fair value.
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Goodwill
The Company assesses qualitative factors in order to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its
carrying amount. If, through this qualitative assessment, the conclusion is made that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its
carrying amount, a two-step impairment test is performed. The Company’s policy is to test for impairment annually during the fourth quarter. Considerable
management judgment is necessary to measure fair value. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges for goodwill during the periods presented.
Income Taxes
The Company recognizes income taxes under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recognized for differences
between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities at enacted statutory tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are
expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax expense or benefit is a result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are
established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be ultimately realized based on the more likely than not recognition
criteria. The Company recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination
by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company has evaluated its tax positions and determined that there are no uncertain
tax positions for the current year or years prior. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest
benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to
unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. Deferred taxes are not provided on the portion of undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
outside of the United States when these earnings are considered permanently reinvested.
Amounts Held in eWallets
Commencing in October 2014, the Company requires commission payments of certain members in Hong Kong to be first deposited into an electronic
wallet (eWallet) account in lieu of being paid out directly to members. The eWallet functionality allows members to place new product orders utilizing eWallet
available funds and/or request commission payout via multiple payment methods. Amounts held in eWallets are reflected on the balance sheet as a current
liability.
Long-Term Incentive
Financial rewards earned under the 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTI Plan”) are recognized over the performance period as specified performance
or other goals are achieved or exceeded. In accordance with the LTI Plan, fifty percent of any cash payment earned is payable in thirty-five equal consecutive
monthly installments commencing in February of the calendar year immediately following the conclusion of the performance period and the remaining fifty
percent of the payment earned is payable in thirty-five equal consecutive monthly installments commencing in February 2021 and ending in December 2023. As
such, certain installments to be paid are reflected on the balance sheet as a non-current liability, and the current portion of the installments is reflected in other
accrued expenses.
At the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, distributions under the LTI Plan are made in cash, or
alternatively awarded in the form of common stock or other common stock rights having an equivalent cash value under the terms of the Natural Health Trends
Corp. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. A determination of the form of distribution, if any, is made by the Compensation Committee subsequent to the end of each
calendar year. As such, amounts earned are considered non-equity awards. See Note 5 for grant information of distributions settled in common stock.
Foreign Currency
The functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries is generally their local currency. Local currency assets and liabilities are translated at
the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date, and local currency revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange during the period.
Equity accounts are translated at historical rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded directly into accumulated other comprehensive income.
Aggregate transaction gains or losses, including gains or losses related to foreign-denominated cash and cash equivalents and the re-measurement of
certain inter-company balances, are included in the statement of operations as other income and expense. Loss on foreign exchange totaling $333,000,
$204,000 and $202,000 was recognized during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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Revenue Recognition
Product sales are recorded when the products are shipped and title passes to independent members. Product sales to members are made pursuant to a
member agreement that provides for transfer of both title and risk of loss upon the Company’s delivery to the carrier that completes delivery to the members,
which is commonly referred to as “F.O.B. Shipping Point.” The Company primarily receives payment by credit card at the time members place orders. Amounts
received for unshipped product are recorded as deferred revenue. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain right of inspection or customer
acceptance provisions other than general rights of return.
Actual product returns are recorded as a reduction to net sales. The Company estimates and accrues a reserve for product returns based on its return
policies and historical experience.
Enrollment package revenue, including any nonrefundable set-up fees, is deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement, generally twelve
months. Enrollment packages provide members access to both a personalized marketing website and a business management system. No upfront costs are
deferred as the amount is nominal.
Shipping charges billed to members are included in net sales. Costs associated with shipments are included in cost of sales. Event and training revenue is
deferred and recognized as the event or training occurs. Costs of events and member training are included within selling, general and administrative expenses.
Various taxes on the sale of products and enrollment packages to members are collected by the Company as an agent and remitted to the respective
taxing authority. These taxes are presented on a net basis and recorded as a liability until remitted to the respective taxing authority.
Commissions
Independent members earn commissions based on total personal and group bonus volume points per weekly sales period. Each of the Company’s
products are designated a specified number of bonus volume points, which is essentially a percentage of the product’s wholesale price. The Company accrues
commissions when earned and pays commissions on product sales generally two weeks following the end of the weekly sales period.
In some markets, the Company also pays certain bonuses on purchases by up to three generations of personally enrolled members, as well as bonuses on
commissions earned by up to three generations of personally enrolled members. Independent members may also earn incentives based on meeting certain
qualifications during a designated incentive period, which may range from several weeks to up to a year. These incentives may be both monetary and non-
monetary in nature. The Company estimates and accrues all costs associated with the incentives as the members meet the qualification requirements.
From time to time the Company makes modifications and enhancements to the Company’s compensation plan to help motivate members, which can have
an impact on member commissions. From time to time the Company also enters into agreements for business or market development, which may result in
additional compensation to specific members.
Operating Leases
The Company leases its physical properties under operating leases. Certain lease agreements include rent holidays. The Company recognizes rent
holiday periods on a straight-line basis over the lease term beginning when the Company has the right to the leased space.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is determined based on the grant date fair value of each award, net of estimated forfeitures which are derived from
historical experience, and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the award.
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Income Per Share
Basic income per share for 2014 was computed via the “two-class” method by dividing net income allocated to common stockholders by the weighted-
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Net income available to common stockholders is allocated to both common stock and
participating securities as if all of the income for the period had been distributed. The Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock was a participating security
due to its participation rights related to dividends declared by the Company. If dividends were distributed to common stockholders, the Company was also
required to pay dividends to the holders of the preferred stock in an amount equal to the greater of (1) the amount of dividends then accrued and not previously
paid on such shares of preferred stock or (2) the amount payable if dividends were distributed to the common stockholders on an as-converted basis.
Diluted income per share is determined using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive
effect of common stock equivalents. The dilutive effect of non-vested restricted stock and warrants is reflected by application of the treasury stock method. Under
the treasury stock method, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized and the amount of tax benefit that would
be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible are assumed to be used to repurchase shares. For 2014, the dilutive effect of the
Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock was calculated using the more dilutive of the “two-class” method and the “if-converted” method, which assumes
that the preferred stock was converted into common stock at the beginning of each period presented.
All shares of the Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock were converted into shares of common stock in December 2014. Warrants to purchase
88,097 shares of common stock were still outstanding at December 31, 2014. Such warrants were exercised during April 2015.
The following table illustrates the computation of basic and diluted income per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):
2016
2015
2014
Income
Shares
Per Share
Income
Shares
Per Share
Income
Shares
Per Share
Year Ended December 31,
Basic EPS:
Net income available to common
stockholders
Less: undistributed earnings to
participating securities
Net income allocated to common
stockholders
Effect of dilutive securities:
Warrants to purchase common
stock
Non-vested restricted stock
Plus: reallocation of undistributed
earnings to participating securities
Diluted EPS:
Net income allocated to common
stockholders plus assumed
conversions
$
55,086
$
47,241
$
20,360
—
—
(127)
$
55,086
11,382 $
4.84 $
47,241
12,302 $
3.84 $
20,233
12,131 $
1.67
—
25
—
—
—
21
49
—
—
—
421
48
—
—
5
$
55,086
11,407 $
4.83 $
47,241
12,372 $
3.82 $
20,238
12,600 $
1.61
Certain non-vested restricted stock is anti-dilutive upon applying the treasury stock method since the amount of compensation cost for future service
results in the hypothetical repurchase of shares exceeding the actual number of shares to be vested. For the year ended December 31, 2016, 345 shares of
non-vested restricted stock were not included as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
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Certain Risks and Concentrations
A substantial portion of the Company’s sales are generated in Hong Kong (see Note 10). Substantially all of the Company’s Hong Kong revenues are
derived from the sale of products that are delivered to members in China. In contrast to the Company’s operations in other parts of the world, the Company has
not implemented a direct sales model in China. The Chinese government permits direct selling only by organizations that have a license, which the Company has
applied for, and has also adopted anti-multilevel marketing legislation. The Company operates an e-commerce direct selling model in Hong Kong and
recognizes the revenue derived from sales to both Hong Kong and Chinese members as being generated in Hong Kong. Products purchased by members in
China are delivered to third parties that act as the importers of record under agreements to pay applicable duties. In addition, through a Chinese entity, the
Company sells products in China using an e-commerce retail model. The Chinese entity operates separately from the Hong Kong entity, and a Chinese member
may elect to participate separately or in both.
The Company believes that its e-commerce direct selling model in Hong Kong does not violate any applicable laws in China, even though it is used for the
internet purchase of the Company's products by members in China. The Company also believes that its Chinese entity, including its e-commerce retail platform,
is operating in compliance with applicable Chinese laws. However, there can be no assurance that the Chinese authorities will agree with the Company’s
interpretations of applicable laws and regulations or that China will not adopt new laws or regulations. Should the Chinese government determine that the
Company’s activities violate China’s direct selling or anti-multilevel marketing legislation, or should new laws or regulations be adopted, there could be a
material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Although the Company attempts to work closely with both national and local Chinese governmental agencies in conducting its business, the Company’s
efforts to comply with national and local laws may be harmed by a rapidly evolving regulatory climate, concerns about activities resembling violations of direct
selling or anti-multi-level marketing legislation, subjective interpretations of laws and regulations, Chinese nationals collaborating with short traders to damage
the Company's business and activities by individual members that may violate laws notwithstanding the Company’s strict policies prohibiting such activities. Any
determination that the Company’s operations or activities, or the activities of its individual members or employee sales representatives, or importers of record are
not in compliance with applicable laws and regulations could result in the imposition of substantial fines, extended interruptions of business, restrictions on the
Company’s future ability to obtain business licenses or expand into new locations, changes to its business model, the termination of required licenses to conduct
business, or other actions, any of which could materially harm the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company’s Premium Noni Juice and Enhanced Essential Probiotics ® products each account for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue. The
Company currently sources each such product from a single supplier. If demand decreases significantly, government regulation restricts their sale, the Company
is unable to adequately source or deliver the products, or the Company ceases offering the products for any reason without suitable replacements, the
Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Sales are made to the Company’s members and no single customer accounted for 10% or more of its net sales. However, the Company’s business model
can result in a concentration of sales to several different members and their network of members. Although no single member accounted for 10% or more of net
sales, the loss of a key member or that member’s network could have an adverse effect on the Company’s net sales and financial results.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate
fair value because of their short maturities. The carrying amount of the noncurrent restricted cash approximates fair value since, absent the restrictions, the
underlying assets would be included in cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s cash equivalents are valued based on level 1 inputs which consist of quoted
prices in active markets.
Accounting standards permit companies, at their option, to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The
Company has elected to not fair value existing eligible items.
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Available-for-sale investments included in cash equivalents at the end of each period were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2016
Gross Unrealized
Gains/Losses
Adjusted Cost
Fair Value
Adjusted Cost
December 31, 2015
Gross Unrealized
Gains/Losses
Municipal bonds and notes
Corporate debt securities
Financial institution instruments
Total available-for-sale investments
$
$
43,490 $
1,673
28,307
73,470 $
— $
43,490 $
35,222 $
(2)
—
1,671
28,307
5,029
17,235
(2)
$
73,468 $
57,486 $
2
$
(5)
—
(3)
$
Fair Value
35,224
5,024
17,235
57,483
Financial institution instruments include instruments issued or managed by financial institutions such as money market fund deposits and time deposits.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash
Flows - Restricted Cash, that requires amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents
when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The new standard will be effective for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not
expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,
that simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either
equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016,
including interim periods within those annual years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this standard will have
on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, that requires organizations that lease assets, referred to as “lessees”, to recognize on the
balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 will also
require disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases
and will include qualitative and quantitative requirements. The new standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including
interim periods within those annual years, and early application is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this standard will have on its
consolidated financial statements.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. Under this guidance, entities are required to
present deferred tax tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods
beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Entities are permitted to adopt this guidance either prospectively or retrospectively. The
Company elected to early adopt this guidance prospectively as of the quarter ended December 31, 2016.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory: Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. Under this guidance, inventory not measured using
either the last in, first out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated
selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable cost of completion, disposal, and transportation. The new standard will be effective
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and will be applied prospectively. Early adoption is
permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers, that outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use
in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance.
ASU 2014-09 is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects
the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. It also requires additional disclosure about the nature,
amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets
recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the
adoption of the new standard. In July 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the effective date for annual reporting periods that begin after December 15,
2017, including interim reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted to the original effective date of December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods. The
Company is currently assessing the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Other recently issued accounting pronouncements did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or
future financial statements.
2. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
The components of certain balance sheet amounts are as follows (in thousands):
Property and equipment:
Office equipment
Office software
Machinery
Furniture and fixtures
Leasehold improvements
Construction in progress (including internal use software development costs)
Property and equipment, at cost
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Other accrued expenses:
Sales returns
Employee-related expense
Warehousing, inventory-related and other
Deferred revenue:
Unshipped product
Auto ship advances
Enrollment package revenue
Market development fees
3. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Leases
December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
$
$
$
$
517 $
672
28
241
840
157
2,455
(1,067)
1,388 $
1,632 $
10,541
2,816
14,989 $
2,191 $
2,327
430
—
4,948 $
495
536
24
222
730
10
2,017
(1,123)
894
1,552
11,064
4,087
16,703
1,783
1,597
331
300
4,011
The Company has entered into non-cancelable operating lease agreements for locations within the United States and for its international subsidiaries, with
expirations through September 2025. Rent expense in connection with operating leases was $1.8 million, $1.5 million and $777,000 during 2016, 2015 and
2014, respectively.
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Future minimum lease obligations as of December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter
Total minimum lease obligations
Purchase Commitments
$
$
1,559
752
402
314
196
700
3,923
In May 2013, the Company entered into an exclusive distribution agreement with one of its suppliers to purchase its product through July 2016 which
automatically renews annually unless terminated 90 days prior to the termination date. To maintain exclusivity, the Company is required to purchase a minimum
of $40,000 of product per month until the termination date. As of December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with the exclusivity provision.
In February 2016, the Company amended a supply agreement with one of its suppliers to maintain worldwide exclusivity in return for purchasing a
minimum of $9.4 million of product annually on average over the next three years, plus certain raw material guarantees. If the Company does not purchase the
minimum product as required, then a Cure Payment, as defined, will be due to the supplier. The term of the agreement is three years commencing February
2016 and shall automatically renew for successive three year terms unless notice of termination is provided by either party.
Employment Agreements
The Company has employment agreements with certain members of its management team that can be terminated by either the employee or the Company
upon four weeks’ notice. The employment agreements entered into with the management team contain provisions that guarantee the payments of specified
amounts in the event of a change in control, as defined, or if the employee is terminated without cause, as defined, or terminates employment for good reason,
as defined.
Consumer Indemnity
As required by the Door-to-Door Sales Act in South Korea, the Company maintains insurance for consumer indemnity claims with a mutual aid cooperative
by possessing a mutual aid contract with Mutual Aid Cooperative & Consumer (the “Cooperative”). The contract secures payment to members in the event that
the Company is unable to provide refunds to members. Typically, requests for refunds are paid directly by the Company according to the Company’s normal
Korean refund policy, which requires that refund requests be submitted within three months. Accordingly, the Company estimates and accrues a reserve for
product returns based on this policy and its historical experience. Depending on the sales volume, the Company may be required to increase or decrease the
amount of the contract. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make to address actual member claims under the
contract is equivalent to three months of rolling sales. At December 31, 2016, non-current other assets include KRW 223 million (USD $185,000) underlying the
contract, which can be utilized by the Cooperative to fund any outstanding member claims. The Company believes that the likelihood of utilizing these funds to
provide for members claims is remote.
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Securities Class Action
In January 2016, two putative securities class action complaints were filed against the Company and its top executives. On March 29, 2016, the court
consolidated these actions, appointed two Lead Plaintiffs, Messrs. Dao and Juan, and appointed the Rosen Law Firm and Levi & Korsinsky LLP as co-Lead
Counsel for the purported class. Plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on April 29, 2016. The consolidated complaint purports to assert claims on behalf of all
persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between March 6, 2015 and March 15, 2016 under (i) Section 10(b) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder against Natural Health Trends Corp., Chris T. Sharng, and Timothy S. Davidson, and (ii) Section
20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 against Chris T. Sharng, Timothy S. Davidson, and George K. Broady. The consolidated complaint alleges, inter
alia, that the Company made materially false and misleading statements regarding the legality of its business operations in China, including running an allegedly
illegal multi-level marketing business. The consolidated complaint seeks an indeterminate amount of damages, plus interest and costs. The Company filed a
motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint on June 15, 2016 and a reply in support of its motion to dismiss on August 22, 2016. On December 5, 2016, the
Court denied the Company’s motion to dismiss. On February 17, 2017, the Company filed an answer to the consolidated complaint. The Company believes that
these claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them.
Shareholder Derivative Claims
In February 2016, a purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles: Zhou v.
Sharng. In March 2016, a purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California: Kleinfeldt v.
Sharng (collectively the “Derivative Complaints”). The Derivative Complaints purport to assert claims for breach of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, abuse of
control, gross mismanagement and corporate waste against certain of the Company’s officers and directors. The Derivative Complaints also purport to assert
fiduciary duty claims based on alleged insider selling and conspiring to enter into several stock repurchase agreements, which allegedly harmed the Company
and its assets. The Derivative Complaints allege, inter alia, that the Company made materially false and misleading statements regarding the legality of its
business operations in China, including running an allegedly illegal multi-level marketing business, and that certain officers and directors sold common stock on
the basis of this allegedly material, adverse non-public information. The Derivative Complaints seek an indeterminate amount of damages, plus interest and
costs, as well as various equitable remedies. On February 1, 2017, pursuant to a stipulation among the parties, the Los Angeles Superior Court entered a stay of
the Zhou action pending conclusion of the related federal class action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California:
Health Trends Corp. and Li v. Natural Health Trends Corp . A nearly identical stipulated stay was entered in the Kleinfeldt case on February 8, 2017. The
Company believes that these claims are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against them.
Ford v. Natural
The consolidated class action and the Derivative Complaints, or others filed alleging similar facts, could result in monetary or other penalties that may
materially affect the Company’s operating results and financial condition.
Other Claims
The Company is currently involved in a legal matter with one of its vendors and an outside party. Per the royalty agreement with the vendor, the Company
believes that it is fully indemnified in the event of an unfavorable outcome and any potential settlement costs related to the matter would be fully covered by the
Company’s vendor.
4. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Authorized Shares
The Company is authorized to issue two classes of capital stock consisting of up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value, and 50,000,000
shares of common stock, $0.001 par value. On May 4, 2007, the Board of Directors designated up to 1,761,900 shares of preferred stock as Series A preferred
stock with the following rights and preferences:
•
Priority – the Series A preferred stock shall rank, in all respects, including the payment of dividends and upon liquidation, senior and prior to the common
stock and other equity of the Company not expressly made senior or pari passu with the Series A preferred stock (collectively, “Junior Securities”).
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•
•
•
•
Dividends –dividends at the rate per annum of $0.119 per share shall accrue from the date of issuance of any shares of Series A preferred stock,
payable upon declaration by the Board of Directors. Accruing dividends shall be cumulative; provided, however, that except as set forth below for the
liquidation preference, the Company shall be under no obligation to pay such dividends. No dividends shall be declared on Junior Securities (other than
dividends on shares of common stock payable in shares of common stock) unless the holders of the Series A preferred stock then outstanding shall first
receive, or simultaneously receive, a dividend on each outstanding share of Series A preferred stock in an amount at least equal to the greater of (i) the
amount of the aggregate accrued dividends on such share of Series A preferred stock and not previously paid and (ii) in the case of a dividend on
common stock or any class or series of Junior Securities that is convertible into common stock, that dividend per share of Series A preferred stock as
would equal the product of (1) the dividend payable on each share as if all shares of such class or series had been converted into common stock and (2)
the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of a share of Series A preferred stock.
Liquidation preference – in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, before any
distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any Junior Securities, the holders of the Series A preferred stock then outstanding shall be
entitled to be paid in cash out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders (on a pari passu basis with the holders of any
series of preferred stock ranking on liquidation on a parity with the Series A preferred stock) an amount per share equal to the sum of the Series A
Original Issue Price plus any dividends accrued but unpaid thereon, whether or not declared, together with any other dividends declared but unpaid
thereon. If the assets of the Company are insufficient to pay the aggregate liquidation preference and the liquidation preference of any series of
preferred stock ranking on liquidation on a parity with the Series A preferred stock, the holders of the Series A preferred stock and the holders of any
series of preferred stock ranking on liquidation on a parity with the Series A preferred stock shall share ratably with one another in any such distribution
or payment in proportion to the full amounts to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled before any distribution shall be made to the holders of
the Junior Securities. The “Series A Original Issue Price” shall mean $1.70 per share, subject to adjustment.
Voting rights – the holders of shares of Series A preferred stock shall be entitled to vote with the holders of the common stock, and with the holders of
any other series of preferred stock, voting together as a single class, upon all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Company. Each holder
of shares of Series A preferred stock shall be entitled to the number of votes equal to the product (rounded down to the nearest number of whole shares)
of 0.729 times the largest number of shares of common stock into which all shares of Series A preferred stock held of record by such holder could then
be converted.
Conversion – each share of Series A preferred stock shall be convertible, subject to adjustment only in the event of stock splits, stock dividends,
recapitalizations and similar events that would affect all of stockholders, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, into such
number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock as determined by dividing the Series A Original Issue Price by the Series A Conversion
Price (as defined) in effect at the time of conversion. The “Series A Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $1.70. Each share of Series A preferred
stock shall automatically be converted into shares of common stock at the then effective conversion price immediately upon such date as the average
closing price of the common stock over a consecutive, trailing 6-month period equals or exceeds $10.00 per share.
On December 3, 2014, the Company filed a Certificate of Elimination of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate”) with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware. The Certificate, which was effective upon filing, canceled the Company’s Series A preferred stock. At the time of filing the
Certificate, no shares of Series A preferred stock remained outstanding as a result of the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares into the Company’s
common stock due to the fact that the average closing price of the Company’s common stock equaled or exceeded $10.00 per share over a consecutive, trailing
6-month period that ended November 18, 2014.
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Common Stock Purchase Warrants
On October 19, 2007, the Company issued warrants to purchase 3,141,499 shares of common stock in connection with a convertible debentures financing.
The warrants consisted of seven-year warrants to purchase 1,495,952 shares of common stock, one-year warrants to purchase 1,495,952 shares of common
stock, and five-year warrants to purchase 149,595 shares of common stock. The term for each of the warrants began six months and one day after their
respective issuance and each have an exercise price of $3.52 per share. The exercise price and the number of shares underlying the warrants are subject to
adjustment for stock dividends and splits, combinations, and reclassifications, certain rights offerings and distributions to common stockholders, and mergers,
consolidations, sales of all or substantially all assets, tender offers, exchange offers, reclassifications or compulsory share exchanges. In addition, subject to
certain exceptions, the exercise price and number of shares underlying the warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments from time to time if the Company
issues its common stock or equivalent securities at below the exercise price for the warrants. If, at any time after the earlier of October 19, 2008 and the
completion of the then applicable holding period under Rule 144, there is no effective registration statement for the underlying shares of common stock that are
then required to be registered, the warrants may be exercised by means of a cashless exercise. Such one-year warrants expired unexercised on April 21, 2009
and such five-year warrants expired unexercised on April 21, 2013. Seven-year warrants to purchase 1,407,855 shares of common stock were exercised during
2014 at exercise prices ranging from $3.5108 to $3.52 per share for total proceeds of $4.9 million. As a result of the cash dividends declared on each share of
outstanding common stock and in accordance with the terms of the related warrant agreement, the exercise price per share for each warrant was adjusted from
$3.52 per share to $3.5082 per share. In April 2015, the remaining warrants to purchase 88,097 shares of common stock were exercised at $3.5043 per share
for total proceeds of $309,000.
Dividends
The following tables summarize the Company’s cash dividend activity during 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except per share data):
Declaration Date
October 23, 2016 (special)
October 23, 2016
July 19, 2016
April 21, 2016
March 1, 2016
Total
Declaration Date
October 21, 2015
July 28, 2015
May 4, 2015
February 27, 2015
Total
Declaration Date
November 4, 2014
July 29, 2014
May 6, 2014
March 7, 2014
Total
Per Common Share
Amount
0.35 $
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.61 $
Per Common Share
Amount
0.05 $
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.14 $
$
$
$
$
Dividends Per Share
Preferred
Common
Amount
$
$
0.032 $
0.027
0.020
0.815
0.894 $
0.010 $
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.030 $
Payment Date
November 25, 2016
November 25, 2016
August 26, 2016
May 20, 2016
March 24, 2016
Payment Date
November 20, 2015
August 28, 2015
May 29, 2015
March 27, 2015
Payment Date
December 3, 2014
August 27, 2014
June 4, 2014
April 8, 2014
3,941
901
787
686
576
6,891
598
489
372
250
1,709
128
127
62
159
476
Payment of any future dividends on shares of common stock will be at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors.
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Treasury Stock
On January 12, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized an increase to the Company’s stock repurchase program first approved on July 28, 2015 from
$15.0 million to $70.0 million. Repurchases are expected to be executed to the extent that the Company’s earnings and cash-on-hand allow, and will be made in
accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. For all or a portion of the authorized repurchase
amount, the Company may enter into one or more plans that are compliant with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act that are designed to facilitate these purchases.
The stock repurchase program does not require the Company to acquire a specific number of shares, and may be suspended from time to time or discontinued.
During February 2016, pursuant to the stock repurchase program, the Company authorized its broker to proceed with the purchase of shares of the
Company’s common stock in the open market. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company purchased a total of 903,031 shares of its common
stock for an aggregate purchase price of $23.7 million, plus transaction costs. As of December 31, 2016, $32.0 million of the $70.0 million stock repurchase
program approved on July 28, 2015 and increased on January 12, 2016 remained available for future purchases, inclusive of related estimated income tax.
On July 28, 2015, the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program of up to $15.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of common
stock. Repurchases are expected to be executed to the extent that the Company’s earnings and cash-on-hand allow, are anticipated to be conducted through
December 2016, and will be made in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. For all or a
portion of the authorized repurchase amount, the Company may enter into one or more plans that are compliant with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act that are
designed to facilitate these purchases. The repurchase program does not require the Company to acquire a specific number of shares, and may be suspended
from time to time or discontinued. In connection therewith, the Company was advised that George K. Broady, a director of the Company and owner of more than
5% of its outstanding shares of common stock, would participate in the stock repurchase program on a basis roughly proportional to his family’s ownership
interest. See Note 8.
During August 2015, pursuant to the foregoing stock repurchase program, the Company authorized its broker to proceed with the purchase of shares of
the Company’s common stock in the open market for a total purchase price of $3.5 million. The open market repurchases were completed on August 4, 2015.
The stock repurchase program, which included both open market purchases and the purchase of shares from Mr. Broady, resulted in the Company purchasing a
total of 162,442 shares of its common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million, plus transaction costs. During October 2015, the Company
authorized its broker to proceed with the purchase of shares of the Company’s common stock in the open market for a total purchase price of $3.6 million. The
open market repurchases were completed on October 30, 2015. The stock repurchase program, which included both open market purchases and the purchase
of shares from Mr. Broady, resulted in the Company purchasing a total of 106,264 shares of its common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million,
plus transaction costs.
On May 4, 2015, the Board of Directors approved a separate, prior stock repurchase program of up to $5.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of
common stock. In connection therewith, the Company was advised by Mr. Broady that he would participate in the stock repurchase program on a basis roughly
proportional to his family’s ownership interest (see Note 8). As such, the Company authorized its broker to proceed with the purchase of shares of the
Company’s common stock in the open market for a total purchase price of $3.5 million in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Exchange Act.
The stock repurchase program, which included both open market purchases and the purchase of shares from Mr. Broady, was completed on May 13, 2015, and
resulted in the Company purchasing a total of 186,519 shares of its common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million, plus transaction costs.
On January 22, 2015, the Company entered into a stock repurchase agreement with Mr. Broady that provided for the Company’s purchase from Mr.
Broady in off-the-market, private transactions of a total of 91,817 shares of the Company’s common stock, which would be purchased at the rate of 5,000 shares
each trading day following the date of the agreement until all of such shares were purchased (see Note 8). The shares were purchased at a per share price equal
to the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on the preceding trading day, as reported on the primary market in which the Company’s
common stock is publicly traded. The Company’s purchases concluded on February 19, 2015, and resulted in an aggregate purchase price of $1.1 million.
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On November 4, 2014, the Board of Directors approved a special stock repurchase program of up to $5.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of
common stock (the “Repurchase Plan”). In connection therewith, the Company was advised that Mr. Broady desired to participate in the Repurchase Plan on a
basis roughly proportional to his family’s ownership interest, with an estimate of generating approximately $1.5 million through the sale of a portion of the shares
of the Company’s common stock held by him (see Note 8). After noting Mr. Broady’s participation interest, the Company authorized its broker to proceed with
the purchase of shares of the Company’s common stock in the open market for a total purchase price of $3.0 million in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-
18 under the Exchange Act. The Repurchase Plan was completed on December 17, 2014. The Repurchase Plan, which included both open market purchases
and the purchase of shares from Mr. Broady, resulted in the Company purchasing a total of 359,840 shares of its common stock for an aggregate purchase
price of $4.5 million, plus transaction costs.
On August 13, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized the Company, acting as trustee for certain of its non-officer, overseas employees, to execute a Rule
10b5-1 plan to purchase 100,000 shares of its common stock in accordance with guidelines specified under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act and the
Company’s policies regarding stock transactions. Pursuant to this authority, the Company, as Trustee, entered into a 10b5-1 plan and began purchasing shares
in December 2012. The latest 10b5-1 plan terminated in November 2014 and the Company, as Trustee, has not entered into a new 10b5-1 plan. See Note 5.
5. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation expense totaled approximately $104,000, $86,000 and $49,000 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. No tax benefits were
attributed to the stock-based compensation because a valuation allowance was maintained for substantially all net deferred tax assets. During March 2016, the
Company modified the vesting feature of an award granted to a director who decided to not stand for re-election at the Company’s 2016 annual meeting of
stockholders. The modification of the award resulted in an additional $64,000 in stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31,
2016.
At the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders held on April 7, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved the Natural Health Trends Corp. 2016
Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) to replace its 2007 Equity Incentive Plan. The 2016 Plan allows for the grant of various equity awards including incentive
stock options, non-statutory options, stock, stock units stock appreciation rights and other similar equity-based awards to the Company’s employees, officers,
non-employee directors, contractors, consultants and advisors of the Company. Up to 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to adjustment
under certain circumstances) may be issued pursuant to awards granted.
On April 8, 2016, the Company initially granted 51,015 shares of restricted common stock under the 2016 Plan to certain employees for the purpose of
further aligning their interest with those of its stockholders and settling fiscal 2015 performance incentives. The shares vest on a quarterly basis over three years
and are subject to forfeiture in the event of the employee’s termination of service to the Company under specified circumstances.
The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock activity under the 2016 Plan:
Nonvested at December 31, 2015
Granted
Vested
Nonvested at December 31, 2016
Shares
Wtd. Avg. Price at Date of
Issuance
— $
51,015
(12,759)
38,256
—
34.13
34.13
34.13
On January 20, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors granted 60,960 shares of restricted common stock to certain employees and its then-existing
outside directors for the purpose of further aligning their interest with those of its stockholders and as to the employee shares, settling fiscal 2014 performance
incentives. The shares vest on a quarterly basis over the next three years and are subject to forfeiture in the event of their termination of service to the Company
under specified circumstances. On February 11, 2015, the Board of Directors granted an additional 6,116 shares of restricted common stock to its newly-elected
outside directors subject to the same conditions.
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The following table summarizes the Company’s other restricted stock activity:
Nonvested at December 31, 2014
Granted
Vested
Nonvested at December 31, 2015
Granted
Vested
Nonvested at December 31, 2016
Shares
Wtd. Avg. Price at Date of
Issuance
— $
67,076
(22,364)
44,712
—
(22,364)
22,348
—
12.15
12.15
12.15
—
12.15
12.15
As of December 31, 2016, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock was $38,000, which is expected
to be recognized over a weighted-average period of one year.
On August 13, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized the Company, acting as trustee for certain of its non-officer, overseas employees, to execute a Rule
10b5-1 plan to purchase 100,000 shares of its common stock in accordance with guidelines specified under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act and the
Company’s policies regarding stock transactions. Pursuant to this authority, the Company, as Trustee, entered into a 10b5-1 plan and began purchasing in
December 2012. The latest 10b5-1 plan terminated in November 2014, and the Company, as Trustee, did not enter into a new 10b5-1 plan. The employees
received the stock as incentive compensation in quarterly increments over three years beginning March 15, 2013, provided that they were employees of the
Company on the date of the distribution. Any common stock that was forfeited by an employee whose employment terminated was delivered to the Company
and held as treasury stock.
Nonvested at December 31, 2013
Vested
Forfeited
Nonvested at December 31, 2014
Vested
Forfeited
Nonvested at December 31, 2015
6. INCOME TAXES
The components of income before income taxes consist of the following (in thousands):
Domestic
Foreign
Income before income taxes
58
Shares
Wtd. Avg. Grant-Date Fair
Value
53,324 $
(25,342)
(3,998)
23,984
(23,984)
—
—
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
—
—
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
$
(3,106) $
67,183
(7,820) $
55,613
64,077 $
47,793 $
4,502
16,134
20,636
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The components of the income tax provision consist of the following (in thousands):
Current:
Federal
State
Foreign
Total current taxes
Deferred taxes
Income tax provision
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
$
7,151 $
(81)
1,648
8,718
273
12 $
100
456
568
(16)
8,991 $
552 $
104
11
194
309
(43)
266
A reconciliation of the reported income tax provision to the provision that would result from applying the domestic federal statutory tax rate to pretax
income is as follows (in thousands):
Income tax at federal statutory rate
Effect of permanent differences
Change in valuation allowance
Foreign rate differential
Other reconciling items
Income tax provision
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
22,427 $
16,250 $
12,496
(3,877)
(21,713)
(342)
$
8,991 $
370
2,017
(18,099)
14
552 $
7,016
9
(2,070)
(5,240)
551
266
Income before income taxes and the statutory tax rate for each country that materially contributed to the foreign rate differential presented above is as
follows (in thousands):
Cayman Islands
Hong Kong
China
Statutory Tax Rate
2016
2015
2014
Year Ended December 31,
—% $
58,169 $
50,993 $
16.5%
25.0%
3,992
3,855
2,645
1,493
16,267
1,129
153
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Deferred income taxes consist of the following (in thousands):
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses
Stock-based compensation
Accrued expenses
Tax credits
Other
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Foreign earnings
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax liability
December 31,
2016
2015
$
235 $
623
3,174
—
—
4,032
(235)
3,797
(3,650)
(415)
(4,065)
$
(268) $
3,197
—
3,367
418
32
7,014
(4,112)
2,902
(2,789)
(173)
(2,962)
(60)
As of December 31, 2016, the Company has released its valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets. In addition to having a net deferred tax
liability and no indefinite lived intangibles, the Company analyzed all sources of available income and determined that they are more likely than not to realize the
tax benefits of their deferred assets in future periods or carryback years.
As of December 31, 2016, the Company has a valuation allowance against certain foreign deferred tax assets. The Company is recording a valuation
allowance in foreign jurisdictions with an overall deferred tax loss. The valuation allowance will be reduced at such time as management believes it is more likely
than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. Any reductions in the valuation allowance will reduce future income tax provision. As of December 31,
2016, the Company has no U.S. federal net operating loss or credit carryforwards as any remaining attributes are expected to be fully utilized to offset tax in the
current year.
At December 31, 2016, the Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1.3 million in various jurisdictions with various
expirations.
As a result of capital return activities approved by the Board of Directors during the first quarter of 2016 and anticipated future capital return activities, the
Company determined that a portion of its current undistributed foreign earnings are no longer deemed reinvested indefinitely by its non-U.S. subsidiaries. The
Company repatriated $19.8 million to the U.S. during the three months ended March 31, 2016, part of which was offset by U.S. net operating losses.
Accordingly, the deferred tax liability previously established for undistributed foreign earnings up to its existing U.S. net operating losses was reduced. The
excess amount repatriated during the year ended December 31, 2016 was generated from current foreign earnings. The Company will continue to periodically
reassess the needs of its foreign subsidiaries and update its indefinite reinvestment assertion as necessary. To the extent that additional foreign earnings are not
deemed permanently reinvested, the Company expects to recognize additional income tax provision at the applicable U.S. corporate tax rate. As of December
31, 2016, the Company has recorded a deferred tax liability for earnings that the Company plans to repatriate out of accumulated earnings in future periods. All
undistributed earnings in excess of 50% of current earnings on an annual basis are intended to be reinvested indefinitely as of December 31, 2016.
The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the United States, California and Texas and various foreign jurisdictions. For federal income tax
purposes, fiscal years 2007 through 2015 remain open for examination by tax authorities as a result of net operating loss carryovers from older years being used
to offset income in recent tax years. The Company is no longer subject to state income tax examinations for years prior to 2011. No jurisdictions are currently
examining any income tax returns of the Company or its subsidiaries.
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7. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the year for:
Income taxes, net of refunds
Interest
Non-cash financing activity:
Conversion of preferred stock
Issuance of treasury stock
8. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Product Royalties
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
(In Thousands)
$
8,791 $
9
707 $
—
—
1,741
—
666
60
1
111
—
On April 29, 2015, the Company entered into a Royalty Agreement and License with Broady Health Sciences, L.L.C., a Texas limited liability company,
(“BHS”) regarding the manufacture and sale of a product called Soothe™. The Company began selling this product in the fourth quarter of 2012 with the
permission of BHS. Mr. Broady is owner of BHS. Under the agreement, the Company agreed to pay BHS a royalty of 2.5% of sales revenue in return for the right
to manufacture (or have manufactured), market, import, export and sell this product worldwide. Further, the Company agreed to pay BHS $11,700 as royalties
for the period it began selling the product in the fourth quarter of 2012 through 2014. The Company recognized royalties of $3,400, $7,000 and $6,400 during
2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company is not required to purchase any product under the agreement, and the agreement may be terminated at any
time on 120 days’ notice. Otherwise, the agreement terminates March 31, 2020.
In February 2013, the Company entered into a Royalty Agreement and License with BHS regarding the manufacture and sale of a product
called ReStor™. Under this agreement, the Company agreed to pay BHS a royalty of 2.5% of sales revenue in return for the right to manufacture (or have
manufactured), market, import, export and sell this product worldwide, with certain rights being exclusive outside the United States. On April 29, 2015, the
Company and BHS amended the Royalty and Agreement and License to change the royalty to a price per unit instead of 2.5% of sales revenue. This provision
was effective retroactive to January 1, 2015. The Company recognized royalties of $475,000, $555,000 and $144,000 during 2016, 2015 and 2014,
respectively. The Company is not required to purchase any product under the agreement, and the agreement may be terminated at any time on 120 days’
notice or, under certain circumstances, with no notice. Otherwise, the agreement terminates March 31, 2020.
Stock Repurchase Agreements
On October 28, 2015, the Company entered into a Stock Repurchase Agreement with Mr. Broady that provided for the Company’s purchase of common
stock from Mr. Broady in off-the-market, private transactions at a rate equal to 0.4066 times the number of shares purchased by the Company’s broker in
conjunction with the stock repurchase program authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors on July 28, 2015. The Company’s purchases from Mr. Broady
concluded on November 2, 2015, were completed at a per share purchase price equal to the weighted average price per share paid by the Company’s broker in
its open-market purchases, and resulted in an aggregate purchase price of $1.4 million. See Note 4.
On July 31, 2015, the Company entered into a Stock Repurchase Agreement with Mr. Broady that provided for the Company’s purchase of common stock
from Mr. Broady in off-the-market, private transactions at a rate equal to 0.4085 times the number of shares purchased by the Company’s broker in conjunction
with the stock repurchase program authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors on July 28, 2015. The Company’s purchases from Mr. Broady concluded on
August 6, 2015, were completed at a per share purchase price equal to the weighted average price per share paid by the Company’s broker in its open-market
purchases, and resulted in an aggregate purchase price of $1.5 million. See Note 4.
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On May 7, 2015, the Company entered into a Stock Repurchase Agreement with Mr. Broady that provided for the Company’s purchase of common stock
from Mr. Broady in off-the-market, private transactions at a rate equal to 0.4286 times the number of shares purchased by the Company’s broker in conjunction
with the stock repurchase program authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors on May 4, 2015. The Company’s purchases from Mr. Broady concluded on
May 13, 2015, were completed at a per share purchase price equal to the weighted average price per share paid by the Company's broker in its open-market
purchases, and resulted in an aggregate purchase price of $1.5 million. See Note 4.
On January 22, 2015, the Company entered into a Stock Repurchase Agreement with Mr. Broady that provided for the Company’s purchase from Mr.
Broady in off-the-market, private transactions of a total of 91,817 shares of the Company’s common stock, which would be purchased at the rate of 5,000 shares
each trading day following the date of the agreement until all of such shares were purchased. The shares were purchased at a per share price equal to the
closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on the preceding trading day, as reported on the primary market in which the Company’s common stock
was publicly traded. The Company’s purchases concluded on February 19, 2015, and resulted in an aggregate purchase price of $1.1 million. See Note 4.
On November 14, 2014, the Company entered into a Stock Repurchase Agreement with Mr. Broady that provided for the Company’s purchase from Mr.
Broady of one-half of the number of shares of common stock purchased by the Company’s broker in the open market under the Repurchase Plan approved by
the Company’s Board of Directors on November 4, 2014. The Stock Repurchase Agreement with Mr. Broady required that the Company report to Mr. Broady on
a weekly basis information regarding the broker’s open market purchases, and that the Company purchase from Mr. Broady on a weekly basis at a per share
purchase price equal to the weighted average price per share paid by the Company’s broker to purchase shares in the open market. The Company’s purchases
concluded on December 17, 2014, totaled 119,947 shares of its common stock and resulted in an aggregate purchase price of $1.5 million. See Note 4.
9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan which permits participating employees in the United States to defer up to a maximum of 90% of their
compensation, subject to limitations established by the Internal Revenue Service. Employees age 21 and older are eligible to contribute to the plan starting the
first day of the following month of employment. Participating employees are eligible to receive discretionary matching contributions and profit sharing, subject to
certain conditions, from the Company. In 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company matched employee deferral contributions up to 4.5% of salary, which vested
100% immediately. No profit sharing has been paid under the plan. The Company recorded compensation expense of $134,000, $115,000 and $60,000 for
2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to its matching contributions to the plan. Certain of the Company’s employees located outside the United States
participate in employee benefit plans that are statutory in nature.
10. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company sells products to a member network that operates in a seamless manner from market to market, except for the Chinese market where it sells
to consumers through an e-commerce retail platform. Outside of the China e-commerce retail platform, the Company believes that all of its other operating
segments have similar economic characteristics, except for its operations located within the Commonwealth of Independent States (“CIS”). In making this
determination, the Company believes that its operating segments are similar in the nature of the products sold, the product acquisition process, the types of
customers products are sold to, the methods used to distribute the products, and the nature of the regulatory environment. The Company’s engagement of a
third-party service provider in the CIS market results in a different economic structure than its other markets.
However, there is no separate segment manager who is held accountable by the Company’s chief operating decision-makers, or anyone else, for
operations, operating results and planning for the either Chinese or the CIS markets on a stand-alone basis, and neither market is material for the two years
presented. As such, the Company believes that all operating segments should be aggregated into a single reportable segment for disclosure purposes.
62
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Table of Contents
The Company’s net sales by geographic area are as follows (in thousands):
Net sales from external customers:
United States
Canada
Hong Kong
China
Taiwan
South Korea
Commonwealth of Independent States (Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine) 1
Europe
Other foreign countries
Total net sales
1 The Company discontinued its Ukraine operations during the second quarter of 2015.
The Company’s net sales by product and service are as follows (in thousands):
Net sales by product and service:
Product sales
Enrollment package revenue, freight and other
Less: sales returns
Total net sales
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
4,100 $
1,809
263,482
3,246 $
2,746
245,737
1,438
1,374
111,028
9,086
6,213
691
858
1,234
255
4,425
5,965
1,129
1,139
382
91
1,538
4,628
1,009
3,113
373
89
$
287,728 $
264,860 $
124,590
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
$
$
269,731 $
25,616
253,041 $
17,623
(7,619)
(5,804)
118,843
7,927
(2,180)
287,728 $
264,860 $
124,590
Due to system constraints, it is impracticable for the Company to separately disclose sales by product category for the years presented.
The Company’s long-lived assets by geographic area are as follows (in thousands):
Long-lived assets:
United States
Hong Kong
China
Other foreign countries
Total long-lived assets
11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
763 $
140
199
286
1,388 $
283
204
252
155
894
On January 24, 2017, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.09 and a special cash dividend of $0.35 on each share of common stock
outstanding. Such dividends were paid on March 3, 2017 to stockholders of record on February 21, 2017. Payment of any future dividends on shares of common
stock will be at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors.
On January 24, 2017, the Company granted 56,260 shares of restricted common stock under the 2016 Plan to certain employees for the purpose of
settling fiscal 2016 performance incentives. The shares vest on a quarterly basis over the next three years and are subject to forfeiture in the event of their
termination of service to the Company under specified circumstances.
63
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Table of Contents
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation
of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2016. Our disclosure controls and procedures
are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is
accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, our
disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a
process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board of Directors, management and
other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
•
•
•
pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and
directors; and
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a
material effect on the financial statements.
Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management evaluates the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting by using the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated
Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on this criteria, management
concluded that our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 was effective.
Attestation Report of the Company's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, has been audited by Lane Gorman Trubitt, LLC, an independent
registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have materially
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.
64
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Table of Contents
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Part III
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after
December 31, 2016.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after
December 31, 2016.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after
December 31, 2016.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after
December 31, 2016.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after
December 31, 2016.
Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Documents filed as part of this Form 10-K:
Part IV
1. Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.
2. Financial Statement Schedules. Financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, or because the
required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits. The exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as a part of, and are incorporated by reference into, this report. We will furnish
any of the exhibits referenced in the accompanying Exhibit Index to a requesting shareholder upon payment of a fee equal to our reasonable expenses
in furnishing such exhibit(s).
Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
65
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Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-
K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 10, 2017
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
/s/ Chris T. Sharng
Chris T. Sharng
President
(Principal Executive Officer)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS that each of Natural Health Trends Corp., a Delaware corporation, and the undersigned directors and officers of
Natural Health Trends Corp., hereby constitutes and appoints Chris T. Sharng and Timothy S. Davidson, or any one of them, its, his or her true and lawful
attorney-in-fact and agent, for it, him or her and in its, his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, with full power to act alone, to sign any and all
amendments to this report, and to file each such amendment to the report, with all exhibits thereto, and any and all other documents in connection therewith,
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform any and all acts
and things requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents and purposes as it, he or she might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
Title
President and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date
March 10, 2017
/s/ Chris T. Sharng
Chris T. Sharng
/s/ Timothy S. Davidson
Timothy S. Davidson
/s/ Randall A. Mason
Randall A. Mason
/s/ George K. Broady
George K. Broady
/s/ Kin Y. Chung
Kin Y. Chung
/s/ Yiu T. Chan
Yiu T. Chan
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
March 10, 2017
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Chairman of the Board and Director
March 10, 2017
Director
Director
Director
66
March 10, 2017
March 10, 2017
March 10, 2017
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Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
EXHIBIT INDEX
(Pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K)
Exhibit Description
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Natural Health Trends Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
July 12, 2005).
3.3 By-Laws of Natural Health Trends Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.02 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 12, 2005).
4.1 Specimen Certificate for shares of common stock, $.001 par value per share, of Natural Health Trends Corp. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.01 to Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 8, 2006).
+10.1 Natural Health Trends Corp. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to Definitive Proxy Statement filed on
March 4, 2016).
+10.2 Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Annual Report
on Form 10-K filed March 4, 2016).
+10.3 Natural Health Trends Corp. Annual Incentive Plan (Restated as of January 1, 2016) (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to Definitive
Proxy Statement filed on March 4, 2016).
+10.4 Natural Health Trends Corp. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Restated as of January 1, 2016) (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to
Definitive Proxy Statement filed on March 4, 2016).
+10.5 First Amendment to the Natural Health Trends Corp. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Restated as of January 1, 2016) (filed herewith).
+10.6 Employment Agreement (including form of Non-Competition and Proprietary Rights Assignment Agreement) for Chris T. Sharng, dated April 23,
2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2007).
+10.7 Employment Agreement (including form of Non-Competition and Proprietary Rights Assignment Agreement) for Timothy S. Davidson dated
April 23, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2007).
+10.8 Form of Restricted Stock Notice of Grant and Award Agreement for shares of restricted stock granted on (1) January 20, 2015 to each of Chris
T. Sharng, Timothy S. Davidson, Randall A. Mason and George K. Broady, and (2) February 11, 2015 to each of Christopher R. O’Brien and Kin
Y. Chung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 6, 2015).
Form of Indemnification Agreement dated February 11, 2015, between Natural Health Trends Corp. and each of its directors (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 12, 2015).
Stock Repurchase Agreement dated January 22, 2015 by and between Natural Health Trends Corp. and George K. Broady (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 26, 2015).
Stock Repurchase Agreement dated May 7, 2015 by and between Natural Health Trends Corp. and George K. Broady (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 7, 2015).
Stock Repurchase Agreement dated July 31, 2015 by and between Natural Health Trends Corp. and George K. Broady (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 31, 2015).
Stock Repurchase Agreement dated October 28, 2015 by and between Natural Health Trends Corp. and George K. Broady (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 28, 2015).
+10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
14.1 Worldwide Code of Business Conduct, as revised on November 5, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to Current Report on Form
8-K filed on February 12, 2015).
21.1 Subsidiaries of Natural Health Trends Corp. (filed herewith).
23.1 Consent of Lane Gorman Trubitt, LLC (filed herewith).
24.1 Power of Attorney (see signature page).
31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1 Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
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101.INS
Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline
XBRL document
101.SCH
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
+ Management contract or compensatory plan
First Amendment to the
Natural Health Trends Corp. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan
(Restated as of January 1, 2016)
Exhibit 10.5
THIS AMENDMENT to the Natural Health Trends Corp. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan, Restated as of January 1, 2016 (the
“Plan”), is hereby adopted by Natural Health Trends Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), to be effective as of January 1,
2016 (the “Effective Date”).
WITNESSETH
WHEREAS, the Company sponsors and administers the Plan for the benefit of eligible employees of the Company;
WHEREAS, the Plan provides that amounts payable to participants will be paid in a combination of cash and common stock of
the Company in a total of seventy individual monthly installments concluding in December, 2023, provided the recipient remains
continuously employed by the Company as of the date on which each installment payment is made;
WHEREAS, the Company currently distributes all common stock payable under the Plan in the form of awards from the Natural
Health Trends Corp. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”); and
WHEREAS, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company desires to amend the Plan to conform the
Plan to the Company’s existing practices and ease administrative burdens by providing that Plan distributions that are made in the
form of the Company’s common stock or other common stock rights will be made in a single, one-time award under the Equity Plan;
NOW, THEREFORE, Sections 5.2 and 5.3 of the Plan are restated in their entirety to provide as follows, effective as of the
Effective Date:
5.2
Distribution of Incentive Payments. Following the conclusion of each Performance Period, the Committee, based, to
the extent applicable, on the Company’s audited financial statements for the Company’s taxable year in which such
Performance Period ends, will certify in writing the extent to which the applicable performance goals for such
Performance Period have been satisfied. Thereafter, payments under an Individual Award Opportunity shall, except as
provided in Section 5.3, be made in accordance with the following:
(a)
Form of Distributions. Distributions under this Section 5.2 may be made, in the sole discretion of the
Administrator, in the form of cash or in the form of an award of a number of whole shares of Common Stock or
other Common Stock rights having an equivalent cash value under the terms of the Natural Health Trends Corp.
2016 Equity Incentive Plan or other applicable plan of the Company.
EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.
(b)
Schedule
Distributions.
of
Cash
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
Fifty percent (50%) of the payment under an Individual Award Opportunity for a Performance Period that is
payable in cash shall be paid in thirty-five (35) equal consecutive monthly installments commencing in
February of the calendar year immediately following the conclusion of the Performance Period to which the
Individual Award Opportunity relates; and
The remaining fifty percent (50%) of the payment earned under an Individual Award Opportunity for a
Performance Period that is payable in cash shall be paid in thirty-five (35) equal consecutive monthly
installments commencing in February, 2021 and ending in December, 2023.
Schedule of Common Stock Distributions. The portion of the Participant’s Individual Award Opportunity for a
Performance Period that is payable in Common Stock or other Common Stock rights shall be satisfied in a single
distribution in February of the calendar year immediately following the conclusion of the Performance Period to
which the Individual Award Opportunity relates, or as soon thereafter as is administratively practical. This
distribution will take the form of an award under the Natural Health Trends Corp. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, or
other applicable plan of the Company, subject to the terms, including vesting, of the applicable plan and award
agreement under which such award is made.
Special Rule Affecting Certain 2016 Distributions. Notwithstanding any provision of this Section to the
contrary, all distributions to be made under Section 5.2 above in connection with the 2015 Performance Period to
Participants who are “covered employees” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code to which the
Participant may become entitled shall be postponed, and distributions relating to these Individual Award
Opportunities shall be conditioned on the receipt of the approval of the Company’s stockholders of the material
terms of the Plan’s performance goals and other criteria under Article IV in accordance with Treasury Regulation
Section 1.162-27(e)(4). Provided stockholder approval is obtained, the payments under Section 5.2 above that
were postponed in accordance with the last sentence shall be paid to the affected Participant in a single lump-
sum, without interest, as soon as administratively practicable following the conclusion of the 2016 annual meeting
of the Company’s stockholders, but in no event later than April 30, 2016. All remaining payments under Section
5.2 to which the Participant may become entitled with respect to the 2015 Performance Period shall be paid as
originally scheduled, subject to the applicable provisions of this Article V. In no event will any distribution under
this Section 5.2 be delayed to such an extent that the amount would be treated as non-qualified deferred
compensation under Section 409A of the Code.
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5.3
Continuous Employment Requirement. Except as provided in this Section 5.3, to be eligible to receive a distribution
under Section 5.2, a participant must remain in a continuous employment or other service provider relationship with the
Company, Parent, or a Subsidiary through both the conclusion of the Performance Period to which an Individual Award
Opportunity relates and through the date on which either each cash installment payment under Section 5.2(b)(i) or (ii) is
made or the “grant date” (as defined in Section 2(s) of the Natural Health Trends Corp. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan or
other applicable plan of the Company) on which the shares of Common Stock are distributed under Section 5.2(c). If the
Participant separates from service for any reason other than on account of a Qualifying Termination Event (defined
below), any Individual Award Opportunity granted to the Participant that remains undistributed shall be immediately and
irrevocably forfeited in full.
(a)
In the event of the Participant’s separation from service with the Company, Parent, or a Subsidiary on account of
death, upon Disability, involuntarily for a reason other than for Cause, voluntarily for Good Reason, due to
Retirement, or upon a Change in Control Termination (each, a “Qualifying Termination Event”):
(i)
(ii)
any Individual Award Opportunity granted to the Participant for the Performance Period during which he or
she separates from service shall be immediately and irrevocably forfeited in full; and
any Individual Award Opportunity applicable to any prior Performance Period, the performance goals for
which were satisfied prior to the Participant’s Qualifying Termination Event but the proceeds of which
remain undistributed, shall be paid to the Participant or, if applicable, the Participant’s Beneficiary(ies) in a
single lump sum, net applicable withholding and other taxes, within 2-1/2 months following the Participant’s
separation from service and as soon as administratively practicable after the Committee has certified in
writing the extent to which the applicable performance goals for earning one or more Individual Award
Opportunities have been satisfied.
(b) Whether the Participant experienced a Qualifying Termination Event shall be determined by the Committee in its
sole discretion, but in good faith. Whether a Participant has experienced a separation from service shall be
interpreted by the Committee in accordance with Treasury Regulation 1.409A-1(h).
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Amendment this 14th day of November, 2016 to be effective as
of the 1st day of January, 2016.
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
By: /s/ Timothy S. Davidson
Timothy S. Davidson
Title: Chief Financial Officer
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SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016
NATURAL HEALTH TRENDS CORP.
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
Exhibit 21.1
Name
NHT Global, Inc.
NHTC International, LLC
NHT Global (Canada) Company
NHTC Holding Company
NHTC Trading Company
NHT Global Taiwan Company
NHT Global CIS Company
NHT Global (China) Commodities Co., Ltd.
NHT Global (Zhongshan) Cosmetics Co., Ltd.
NHT Global Hong Kong Limited
Natural Health Trends Japan, Inc.
NHTC Global Singapore Pte. Ltd.
NHTC Wellness Products Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
NHTK Ltd.
NHT Global Europe S.R.L.
Jurisdiction
United States (Delaware)
United States (Delaware)
Canada
Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands
China
China
Hong Kong
Japan
Singapore
Malaysia
South Korea
Italy
The names of omitted subsidiaries when considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary do not constitute a significant subsidiary as of the end of the
year covered by this report.
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Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Exhibit 23.1
Natural Health Trends Corp.
Rolling Hills Estates, California
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement on Form S-8 (333-210658) of our report dated March 10, 2017, with respect to the
consolidated balance sheets of Natural Health Trends Corp. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations,
comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016, and the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, which appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
/s/ Lane Gorman Trubitt, LLC
Dallas, Texas
March 10, 2017
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Exhibit 31.1
I, Chris T. Sharng, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Natural Health Trends Corp.;
CERTIFICATION
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the
registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over
financial reporting.
Date: March 10, 2017
/s/ Chris T. Sharng
Chris T. Sharng
President
(Principal Executive Officer)
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Exhibit 31.2
I, Timothy S. Davidson, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Natural Health Trends Corp.;
CERTIFICATION
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the
registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over
financial reporting.
Date: March 10, 2017
/s/ Timothy S. Davidson
Timothy S. Davidson
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.1
In connection with the Annual Report of Natural Health Trends Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Chris T. Sharng, the Principal Executive Officer, and Timothy S. Davidson,
the Principal Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the
best of our knowledge:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 10, 2017
Date: March 10, 2017
/s/ Chris T. Sharng
Chris T. Sharng
President
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Timothy S. Davidson
Timothy S. Davidson
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
The foregoing certifications are not deemed filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.