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FY2012 Annual Report · NatWest Group
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NORTHUMBRIAN WATER GROUP LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR 

THE YEAR ENDED 

31 MARCH 2012 

Registered Number 4760441 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents 

Directors’ report 
Business overview 
Business strategy and objectives 
Performance measures 
Financial performance 
Operating performance 
Corporate governance 
Risks and uncertainties 
Statutory disclosures 
Appendix to the directors’ report 

Financial statements 
Statement of directors’ responsibilities in relation to the Group financial statements 
Independent auditor’s report to the members of Northumbrian Water Group Limited 
Consolidated income statement 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 
Consolidated balance sheet 
Consolidated cash flow statement 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
Statement of directors’ responsibilities in relation to the parent Company financial statements 
Company balance sheet 
Notes to the Company financial statements 

Page 

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6 
8 
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13 
22 
24 
26 
28 

30 
31 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
71 
72 
73 

Cautionary statement 
This annual report contains certain statements with respect to the future operations, performance and financial condition 
of the Group.  By their nature, these statements involve uncertainty since future events and circumstances can cause 
results and developments to differ materially from those forecast.  Such statements reflect knowledge and information 
available at the date of preparation of this annual report and the Company undertakes no obligation to update such 
statements.  Nothing in this annual report should be construed as a profit forecast.  Certain regulatory performance data 
contained in this annual report is subject to regulatory audit. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report 

The directors of Northumbrian Water Group Limited (NWG or the Company) are pleased to present 
their report on the affairs of the Company, along with the audited financial statements and the 
auditor’s report for the year ended 31 March 2012. 

Business Overview 

Change of controlling party 
On  14  October  2011,  Northumbrian  Water  Group  plc  was  acquired  by  UK  Water  (2011)  Limited 
(UKW),  its  shares  were  de-listed  from  the  London  Stock  Exchange  and  it  was  re-registered  as  a 
private limited company.  UKW is indirectly wholly owned by a consortium comprising Cheung Kong 
Infrastructure  Holdings  Limited,  Cheung  Kong  (Holdings)  Limited  and  Li  Ka  Shing  Foundation 
Limited. 

Directors 
The directors who served during the year were as follows: 

A J Hunter 
H Mottram OBE 
C M Green 
M Fay CBE 
Dr S Lyster 
L S Chan 
F R Frame 
T C E Ip 
H L Kam 
S H Luk 
D N Macrae 
M A B Nègre 
P F Rew 
Sir D Wanless 
A J Scott-Barrett 
Sir A P Brown 
C R Lamoureux 

Non-Executive Chairman (appointed 14/10/11) 
Chief Executive Officer  
Finance Director 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Independent Non-Executive Director (appointed 1/4/11) 
Alternate Director (appointed 14/10/11) 
Non-Executive Director (appointed 4/11/11) 
Non-Executive Director (appointed 14/10/11) 
Non-Executive Director (appointed 14/10/11) 
Alternate Director (appointed 14/10/11) 
Non-Executive Director (appointed 14/10/11) 
Non-Executive Director 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Chairman (resigned 14/10/11)  
Independent Non-Executive Director (resigned 14/10/11) 
Non-Executive Director (resigned 20/10/11) 
Non-Executive Director (resigned 28/7/11) 

The Board is very sorry to report the untimely death of Sir Derek Wanless, who died on 22 May 2012, 
after a short illness.  Sir Derek joined the board of NWG in December 2003 and chaired its board 
between July 2006 and October 2011.  The Board wishes to express its thanks for Sir Derek’s 
tremendous contribution during a time of significant change. 

Principal Activities 

Northumbrian Water Group 
NWG owns a number of companies which, together with NWG, form the Group.  The largest of these 
companies, Northumbrian Water Limited (NWL), is one of the ten regulated water and sewerage 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
businesses in England and Wales.  The emphasis given to NWL throughout this report, reflects its 
importance to the overall performance of the Group.  

Northumbrian Water Limited 
NWL operates in the north east of England, where it trades as Northumbrian Water, and in the south 
east of England, where it trades as Essex & Suffolk Water.  Northumbrian Water currently provides 
water and sewerage services to 2.7 million people and Essex & Suffolk Water provides water 
services to 1.8 million people in a combined area of over 12,260 square kilometres. 

impounding reservoirs 
water treatment works 
water pumping stations 
water service reservoirs 

NWL operates an extensive asset base, which includes: 
44 
57 
344 
338 
25,545km  water mains 
418 
765 
29,724km  sewers, including the transfer of 13,510km of private drains and sewers on 1 October 

sewage treatment works 
sewage pumping stations 

2011 

NWL currently supplies over 1,150 megalitres of drinking quality water per day.  This water is drawn 
from reservoirs, where it is collected and stored, rivers and groundwater sources.  It is treated at our 
works before it is delivered by a network of pipes to homes and businesses.  

In the north east of England waste water is then collected from these properties via the sewerage 
network and treated at our works before it is returned to the environment as either clean water or 
sludge which can be recycled as fertiliser or used to generate energy. 

Water and waste water contracts 
NWG controls a number of special purpose companies which have water and waste water contracts 
in Scotland, Ireland and Gibraltar. 

Our market 

In the north east, NWL’s business comprises the supply of both potable and raw water and the 
collection, treatment and disposal of sewage and sewage sludge.  In this region, there has been a 
gradual fall in overall water demand in recent decades as a consequence of a reduction in industrial 
demand for water and this trend is expected to continue.  The north east compares well to the rest of 
the country as far as water resources are concerned and our major regional rivers can all be 
supported by Kielder Water.  This provides very high security of supply for our customers.  We also 
provide the highest levels of compliance for waste water across this area ensuring that we can return 
the water and sewage sludge to the environment satisfactorily whilst meeting the demands of all 
customers.  Bran Sands is particularly important in this respect as it supports the heavily 
industrialised area within Teesside by treating its waste.  The advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) 
plant there is now operating effectively and helping us to build our use of renewable energy.  A 
second AAD plant at Howdon in Tyneside will come into operation in 2012. 

In the south east, NWL supplies potable water only.  This is a water scarce region that is forecast to 
experience further economic and population growth in the medium term.  This area has also seen a 
reduction in demand from heavy industry, but there has been an increase in population with further 
increases forecast.  Supplies are currently not secure in a severe drought but the project to increase 
the capacity of Abberton reservoir, near Colchester, coupled with ongoing demand management 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
measures, will secure supplies to the Essex area for the foreseeable future.  The Abberton scheme 
will be complete in 2013 and the additional capacity available for supply the following year. 

Our water and sewerage services in the north east will cost, in 2012/13 prices, an average 
householder 96 pence per day and, in Essex and Suffolk, 60 pence for water only. 

The Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat), as the economic regulator, sets price limits for 
companies in England and Wales every five years.  2011/12 was the second year in the current five 
year investment plan.  This regulation is performance based and companies are measured in terms 
of efficiencies related to operating costs, capital programmes and financing as well as their general 
operations.  The regulated revenue of NWL is set by reference to the rate of inflation, measured by 
the Retail Price Index (RPI), as well as an adjustment factor referred to as ‘k’.  The profile of ‘k’ for the 
current five year period is shown below: 

k (%) 

2010/11  2011/12  2012/13  2013/14  2014/15 
0.9 

(1.0) 

5.0 

3.8 

0.0 

Regulatory and legislative framework  
As a monopoly supplier of an essential public service, the UK water industry operates within a 
demanding regulatory environment. 

Ofwat regulates prices and levels of customer service, while the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) 
monitors drinking water quality and the Environment Agency (EA) covers environmental protection.  
Customers’ interests are represented by the Consumer Council for Water (CCWater). 

We aim to maintain good working relationships with our regulators and with regional organisations, 
such as local authorities, which have an interest in the services we provide and can influence our 
business.  This is particularly important following Government reviews of the regulators, changes in 
regulatory reporting and proposals to legislate in the sector following the publication of a White Paper 
during the period. 

We are an active member of Water UK, the industry association which represents all UK water and 
waste water service suppliers at national and European level.  It provides a very effective framework 
for the industry to engage with Government, regulators, stakeholder organisations and the public and 
helps to develop policy and improve understanding of the industry.  We also meet regularly with 
national, regional and local authorities and other appropriate organisations to explain our activities 
and related issues. 

2011/12 Review 

NWL  was  successful  in  meeting  many  of  the  targets  in  its  detailed  balanced  scorecard  during  the 
year.  We improved in 26 of our 28 targets and achieved or exceeded 19 of them.  Most notable were 
the  improvements  in  our  Service  Incentive  Mechanism  (SIM)  score  for  customer  service,  the 
reduction in the number of interruptions to supply and our position on leakage.  We were also very 
pleased to remain amongst the industry leaders in sewage treatment performance. 

This  report  will  focus  on  many  highlights  throughout  the  year  but  the  development  of  our  work  to 
extend  Abberton  reservoir  and  the  construction  of  our  second  AAD  plant  at  Howdon,  after  the 
successful operation at Bran Sands, are particularly notable.   

We also continued to receive external recognition for our activities.  For the second year running, the 
Ethisphere Institute listed NWG as one of the most ethical companies in the world, one of only seven 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UK only companies chosen and the only water utility selected worldwide.  This recognises the impact 
we have on underpinning the communities in which we operate and also recognises the longstanding 
relationships with key industrial and commercial customers. 

We continue to be actively involved in the business community in all operating areas through direct 
membership  and  involvement  in  the  councils/boards  of  the  Confederation  of  British  Industry  (CBI), 
Chambers of Commerce and other similar organisations.  Our Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Heidi 
Mottram,  is  involved  in  a  number  of  organisations  which  we  believe  can  influence  the  future  of  the 
Company  and  locally,  she  is  Deputy  Chair  of  the  CBI  Council  and  a  member  of  its  national 
Infrastructure Board.  Heidi has also joined the Government’s Green Economy Council as the water 
industry representative and we hope that the Council can bring a real influence to the development of 
policy relating to a low carbon economy. 

This  year,  industrial  demand  has  deteriorated,  with  some  prolonged  shutdowns  as  a  result  of  the 
economic  situation  and  lower  volumes  at  many  of  our  smaller  commercial  customers.   Domestic 
demand  has  also  started  to  reduce  in  some  areas,  as  customers  have  become  aware  of  the 
restrictions  in  other parts of the  country  and  the  importance of  using  water  wisely.   We  continue to 
monitor  the  situation  and  work  closely  with  our  key  industrial  customers.    The  collection  of  income 
remains a key focus for us, particularly in a difficult economic climate. 

Transferred drains and sewers 
Water  and  sewerage  companies  were  required  to  adopt  certain  drains  and  sewers  on  1  October 
2011, which were previously in private ownership.  For NWL, the estimated length of adopted assets 
is 13,510km, nearly doubling the length of sewers to be operated and maintained.  Whilst the transfer 
took  place  smoothly,  this  generated  a  major  increase  in  activity  for  the  business  which,  in  turn, 
increased  operating  costs.    Although  customer  contact  and  job  volumes  were  initially  lower  than 
anticipated,  they  have  been  gradually  increasing  month  on  month.    Positive  feedback  has  been 
received from our customers via our customer feedback surveys.  We are continuing to work closely 
with  other  water  companies  to  share  information  and  experiences  to  ensure  we  deliver  the  most 
practical and cost effective solutions for customers.  The transfer was valued at a nil fair value, as the 
net present value of the incremental cash flows arising as a result of the adoption were considered 
insignificant. 

Legislative changes  
We broadly support the Government’s policy intention for the water industry, as laid out in the Water 
White Paper – ‘Water for life’.  We welcome the desire to build on the strengths of the current industry 
structure  and  strongly  agree  that  a  stable  business  and  regulatory  environment  is  vital  if  investor 
confidence is to be retained, so that the investment required over the coming decades can continue 
to be financed at a cost our customers can afford. 

NWL is very keen to work closely with Defra and the industry regulators to ensure the Government’s 
policies are implemented successfully.   

We are pleased to have had the opportunity to contribute to the consultation on draft regulation from 
Defra  to  introduce  a  duty  on  landlords  to  provide  water  companies  with  relevant  details  so  that 
accurate bills can be issued to tenants.  Applying section 45 of the Flood and Water Management Act 
2010  should  assist  in  collecting  income  from  the  private  rented  sector  where  bad  debts  have  been 
relatively high. 

Regulatory reform 
NWL  strongly  supports  Ofwat’s  newly  introduced  proportionate  and  risk-based  approach  to 
regulation.    The  decision  to  end  the  requirement  for  water  companies  to  submit  a  lengthy  annual 
report  to  Ofwat  (the  ‘June  Return’),  and  replace  this  with  a  Regulatory  Risk  and  Compliance 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement (RRCS) and a set of high level key performance indicators (KPIs), will significantly reduce 
the burden of regulatory reporting whilst enhancing companies’ accountability. 

This set of high level KPIs was published along with the RRCS on the NWL’s website.  To deliver the 
Company’s  vision  of  being  ‘the  national  leader  in  water  and  waste  water  services’,  we  have 
incorporated these targets within our own internal targets. 

Ofwat has recently published its ‘Future price limits - statement of principles’ document setting out the 
high  level  principles  it  intends  to  use  to  set  price  limits  in  the  future.    We  welcome  the  six  key 
principles:  targeted  price  controls;  proportionate  price  setting;  effective  incentives;  ownership, 
accountability  and  innovation;  flexibility  and  responsiveness;  transparency  and  predictability.  
Establishing  these  principles  should  help  to  provide  stable  and  predictable  regulation  in  the  longer 
term. 

NWL  particularly  welcomes  the  continued  commitment  to  the  Regulatory  Capital Value  for  the  long 
term  and  confirmation  that  RPI  remains  the  most  appropriate  index  to  use  for  tariff  setting  and 
strongly  supports  the  focus  on  outcome  based  regulation  and  the  increased  role  for  customers  at 
price reviews.  We support the introduction of separate wholesale and retail price controls in line with 
the White Paper. 

Some of  Ofwat's more  detailed proposals,  including  a  water service  network plus  non-binding  price 
control,  require  further  justification.    The  additional  incentive  mechanisms  proposed,  including  the 
totex mechanism, add substantial complexity and a lot of work is required to develop these concepts 
into  a  workable  methodology.   We  have  signalled  our  willingness  to  work  constructively  with  Ofwat 
and offer any assistance we can in developing a practical and robust price review methodology that 
will deliver the right outcome for customers. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
Business Strategy and Objectives 

Our vision 
The Group’s vision is to be the national leader in the provision of sustainable water and waste water 
services. 

Strategic direction 
We want to continue to deliver value to customers and other stakeholders by focusing on our core 
competencies of water and waste water management.  We underpin our drive to be the best with five 
strategic themes containing goals and targets that, when reached, will see our vision and our values 
delivered.  ‘Our Vision Our Values Our Way’ has been shared with all our employees during a series 
of annual interactive roadshows and, as a result, there is clarity and energy throughout the Group 
which is driving the business forward. 

The five themes described below are mutually supportive and achieving the right balance between 
them is essential to our success and reputation. 

focuses  on  delivering 

Customer 
industry-leading  customer 
service.    Our  relationship  with  customers  is core  to  the  success 
of  our  business  and  it  is  essential  that  they  trust  our  service.  
Customer  service  is  at  the  heart  of  the  Company  and  all 
employees  have  a  clear  focus  on  getting  things  ‘right  first  time 
every  time’.    Although  we  are  required  to  meet  regulated 
standards  for  customer  service,  this  should  not  define  our 
aspiration as the quality of our service must go beyond that. 

Competitiveness will  drive us to greater efficiency and, indeed, 
to  be  the  most  efficient  water  company.    It  is  not  just  about 
driving cost down but using innovation to support our activities. 

People are our greatest asset and we want to be recognised as 
a great company to work for with high levels of satisfaction from 
our  employees.    We  will  provide  support  and  training  and 
promote excellent employee relations. 

Environment  is  critical  to  us  and  our  stakeholders  and  we  acknowledge  our  responsibilities  to 
protect  and  enhance  the  natural  environment.    Our  carbon  management  plan  will  help  reduce  our 
carbon footprint and we will adopt good environmental practice in all aspects of our activities. 

Communities are important to us and we want to build strong relationships with the communities we 
serve.    We  will  ensure  that  corporate  responsibility  is  embedded  in  performance  management  and 
that we benchmark ourselves against the best companies. 

We have agreed specific goals to help us achieve our vision against these themes, and have clear 
accountability  for  their  achievement  throughout  the  Company.    These  are  measured  in  a  balanced 
scorecard  which  assesses  our  performance  against  KPIs.    This  is  reviewed  by  the  Board, 
management team and employees on a monthly basis. 

We believe that clear direction and goals are key to success, but just as important is a clear sense of 
values, and how we do things ‘around here’.  We have made a clear commitment to five core values. 

One  team  –  we  work  together  consistently,  promoting  co-operation,  to  achieve  our  corporate 
objectives. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer focused – we aim to exceed the expectations of our external and internal customers. 

Results driven – we take personal responsibility for achieving excellent business results. 

Creative – we continuously strive for innovative and better ways to deliver our business. 

Ethical – we are open and honest in meeting our commitments, with a responsible approach to the 
environment and our communities. 

Corporate Responsibility 

NWL is expected to provide a secure supply of water, a basic necessity for health, and to protect or 
enhance the environment when we return waste to it.  Our stakeholders also expect us to: 

  behave fairly and responsibly; 
  use resources wisely; 

improve quality of life; and 

  contribute to economic development. 

We  believe  that  sustainability  helps  to  improve  the  performance  of  the  Group  and  to  achieve  our 
business  strategy  and  objectives.    This  is  reflected  in  our  business  plan  where  our  sustainability 
objectives  are  woven  into  our  core  business  strategy.    Our  credentials  for  our  work  have  been 
recognised  and  our  customer  research  also  highlights  that  customers  value  our  work  in  the 
community and for the environment and it helps to build their trust in our work.   Each aspect of the 
highlighted work in this report has a direct benefit to the  Group, its community and its environment, 
such as cost saving, carbon reduction, environmental impact, skills development or leverage. 

To ensure that sustainability runs throughout the business, we ensure that all parts of the Group are 
involved from the Board through to all employees.  

Up  to  the  point  of  the  change  of  control,  governance  of  our  sustainability  activity  was  led  by  our 
Corporate  Responsibility  Committee,  a  subcommittee  of  the  NWL  Board.    From  October  2011, 
governance was led by our Corporate Responsibility Management Group (CRMG) a sub-committee 
of the NWL Management Team.  The CRMG will meet four times a year and non-executive directors 
and the CEO (who is directly accountable to the NWL and NWG boards for both the environment and 
sustainable  development  policies)  will  attend  at  least  once  to  develop  strategy  and  to  inform  the 
Board. 

In  addition,  two  Corporate  Responsibility  Advisory  Groups  (CRAGs)  (one  for  each  of  Northumbrian 
and Essex & Suffolk  regions) act as ‘critical friend’, helping to validate, guide and challenge NWL’s 
sustainability  strategy  and  activities.    The  CRAGs  are  made  up  of  senior  representatives  from  key 
stakeholder organisations to reflect the main areas of our environment and communities’ strategy. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures 

In order to measure delivery of our business plan and goals, the Group monitors performance using a 
balanced scorecard of KPIs.  These indicators are spread across the themes of customer, 
competitiveness, people, environment and communities and targets have been set on a trajectory to 
deliver the company vision of being ‘the national leader in water and waste water services’. 

Performance against additional financial KPIs is reported within the financial performance section 
later in this report. 

In order to ensure alignment of the management team, this balanced scorecard now represents 80% 
of the criteria contributing to their annual bonus, with a further 20% available for the achievement of 
bespoke personal targets. 

The table below details performance in 2011/12 against those KPIs and the targets that have been 
set for 2012/13.  Performance in 2011/12 is discussed within the operating performance section later 
in this report.  The definition of each measure is set out on pages 28 and 29. 

Scorecard measure 

Customer 
Customer satisfaction 
- SIM quantitative score 
- SIM qualitative score 
Unplanned interruptions >6 hours 
- north 
- south 
- combined 
Coliform incidents (no.) 
Competitiveness 1 
Profit before tax 
Capital efficiency 
Earnings before interest and tax 
Cash available for distribution 1 
People 
Engagement and satisfaction index (%) 2 
Employee engagement score 2 

Lost time reportable accidents (no.) 
Environment 
Leakage (Mld) 
- north 
- south 
Sewage treatment works compliance (%) 
Pollution incidents (categories 1 & 2) 
Communities 
FTSE4Good accreditation 3 
BITC Platinum Plus accreditation 
Just an Hour participation (%) 3 

Target 
2011/12 

Performance 
2011/12 

Target 
2012/13 

174 
4.40 

900 
600 
n/a 
15 

162 
4.33 

445 
161 
n/a 
21 

115 
4.50 

n/a 
n/a 
1,500 
7 

set by Board 
set by Board 
n/a 
n/a 

achieved 
removed 
n/a 
n/a 

n/a 
n/a 
set by Board 
set by Board 

81 
n/a 

11 

147 
66 
100 
3 

78 
n/a 

8 

130 
59 
99.4 
11 

n/a 
1* best 
companies 
10 

147 
66 
100 
3 

retain status 
retain status 
n/a 

n/a 
retained 
n/a 

n/a 
retain status 
50 

1  The competitiveness KPIs have been revised to take account of the new owners’ objectives.  During the year, the 

capital efficiency target was removed. 

2  The engagement and satisfaction index is derived from an internal employee survey.  The employee engagement 

score is derived from the Sunday Times Best Companies survey.  These surveys are carried out in alternate years. 
3  FTSE4Good accreditation is no longer possible due to the Group’s de-listing, therefore, it has been replaced by a new 

KPI of ‘Just an Hour participation’. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial performance 

NWG and NWL use a range of financial KPIs to monitor the financial standing of the businesses and 
to ensure that strong credit ratings are maintained.  The definition of each measure is shown on page 
29. 

Performance against the financial KPIs is set out below: 

KPI 

Gearing to RCV (%) 
Cash interest cover (times) 
Cash flow to net debt (%) 

        Target  

NWG 

NWL  

<75 
>2.5 
>13 

<701  
>3.0  
>13  

       Performance 

       Current year  
NWG  

NWL  

74   
3.3   
15   

64 2  
4.2   
18   

         Previous year 

NWG 
restated 
68  
3.2  
16  

NWL 

56  
4  
20  

Notes: 
1.  Less than 65% for the regulated business of NWL. 
2.  NWL’s RCV, as advised by Ofwat, at 31 March 2012 was £3,550.0 million (2011: £3,318.4 million). 

The basis of the Group gearing to RCV ratio has been revised to reflect net debt, excluding the fair 
value of loans acquired in 2003, divided by NWL’s RCV, because the directors believe this is a better 
measure of the Group’s credit risk.  The prior year measure has been restated on a consistent basis. 

The Group’s gearing on the revised basis has increased from 68% to 74%, with net debt increasing 
by £352.9 million (15.6%) to £2,651.5 million over the year, while RCV has increased by 7.0% due 
principally to the increase in RPI. 

Gearing at NWL, and for the regulated business, has increased to 64% and 63%, respectively, from 
56%.  This is principally due to increased net debt as a result of the payment of intra-Group dividends 
after the previous balance sheet date and a special dividend of £232.0m which was paid during the 
year, following the change of control. 

The Group also prepares detailed medium term business plans and annual budgets, which are 
reviewed and submitted to the Board for approval.  Targets are set to measure performance and 
regular financial forecasts are made.  Business plans and budgets include an assessment of the key 
risks and success factors facing each business unit.  On a monthly basis, management compares the 
actual operational and financial performance of each business with plan and budget and this is 
reported to the Board. 

Financial results and dividends 

NWG 
Revenue for the year ended 31 March 2012 increased by 7.0% to £789.5 million (2011: £738.1 
million).  Water and sewerage charges at the Group’s principal subsidiary, NWL, increased in line 
with the price review (final determination) allowance of 3.8% plus the November 2010 RPI of 4.7%.  
Income from the Group’s water and waste water contracts increased by 5.3%. 

Operating costs increased by £24.6 million (5.7%) to £458.5 million, principally reflecting movements 
at NWL, which are detailed below.  Profit on ordinary activities before interest for the year was £331.0 
million (2011: £304.2 million), an increase of 8.8%. 

Net interest charges increased by £14.0 million within which net cash interest charges increased by 
£12.0 million.  The non-cash element of the increase principally reflects inflation of the principal on 

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the index linked bonds (£1.9 million) and the non-recurrence of one-off credits in the prior year 
relating to the acquisition of subordinated loan stock in CES and a termination discount on a finance 
lease (£7.5 million).  There were partially offset by lower interest relating to the pension scheme (£5.8 
million), higher capitalised interest (£1.3 million) and lower amortisation of fees and fair value 
adjustments (£0.3 million). 

Profit on ordinary activities before tax for the year was £193.9 million, 7.1% higher than the previous 
year (2011: £181.0 million).  The current tax charge reduced to £30.8 million (2011: £33.1 million) 
reflecting a reduction in the tax rate from 28% to 26%. 

The deferred tax credit of £23.3 million (2011: £30.5 million) reflects a decrease in the Group’s 
deferred tax liability of £43.1 million following the enactment of a reduction in the UK corporation tax 
rate from 26% to 24% with effect from 1 April 2012. 

The effective tax rate for the period was 3.9% (2011: 1.4%) reflecting the impact of the deferred tax 
rate change.  In the absence of the rate change, and other prior year items, the effective rate would 
have been 26%. 

Capital investment for the Group was £310.2 million (2011: £219.9 million), including recognition of 
£23.0 million for assets adopted at £nil cash consideration, as required under IFRIC 18 Transfers of 
Assets from Customers (2011: £13.9 million).  

NWL 
Revenue was £737.4 million for the year ended 31 March 2012 (2011: £689.4 million).  The increase 
is mainly due to the application of the final determination increase of 3.8%, and 4.7% in respect of 
RPI, on water and sewerage charges, which has been partially offset by lower demand from industrial 
customers. 

Operating costs increased by £6.8 million (1.7%) to £398.6 million, principally reflecting increases in 
depreciation, manpower costs and carbon reduction commitment charges, partially offset by lower 
power commodity prices and the benefits of an efficiency programme. 

Profit on ordinary activities before interest for the year was £338.8 million (2011: £297.6 million). 

Capital investment in the regulated business for the period was £292.0 million, under regulatory 
accounting guidelines (2011: £221.5 million).  This is slightly higher than the final determination 
profile, deflated by the Construction Industry Price Index, as a result of increased maintenance 
investment recovering from severe winter weather experienced the previous year.  The construction 
works for the £150.0 million Abberton scheme, to secure water supply to 1.5 million customers in 
Essex, continued to make good progress and the scheme is ahead of schedule.   

The efficiency programme instigated in the previous year progressed well, focussing on identifying 
and implementing sustainable operating cost efficiencies in order to achieve our medium term goal of 
being in the top efficiency band for both water and sewerage, as measured by Ofwat, by 2013/14.   

Water and waste water contracts 
Our water and waste water contracts in Scotland, Ireland and Gibraltar are all performing well and 
are in line with expectations.  Revenue for the contracts increased to £42.1 million for the year ended 
31 March 2012 (2011: £40.0 million), principally as a result of higher volumes in Gibraltar and 
Ayrshire.  Profit on ordinary activities before interest was £10.0 million (2011: £9.5 million), due to the 
increased revenue partially offset by higher operating costs, particularly power. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Group is involved in two projects to deliver long term PFI contracts with Scottish Water for waste 
water treatment.  At CES, the Group has a 100% shareholding in both project and operating 
companies and the benefit of a 40 year contract.  Funding was provided through a 37 year fixed 
interest rate corporate bond with the principal amortising from 2008.  In Ayrshire, the Group has a 
75% shareholding in the project company and a 100% shareholding in the company that operates the 
three effluent treatment plants that comprise this 30 year contract.  Finance was provided through a 
27 year loan on a fixed interest basis with the principal amortising from 2003. 

In Ireland, the Group is part of a contractual consortium that designed and built a waste water 
treatment plant for Cork City Council.  Under the consortium agreement, the Group has responsibility 
for a 20 year contract for the operation and maintenance of the plant.  In May 2011 the Group 
commenced a new 20 year operation and maintenance contract for the Fermoy and Mallow waste 
water treatment works, with Cork County Council. 

AquaGib Limited, which is two thirds owned by the Group in a joint venture with the Government of 
Gibraltar, operates Gibraltar’s dual drinking water and sea water distribution systems under its 30 
year contract with the Government of Gibraltar. 

Dividends 
A final dividend of 9.57 pence per share for the year ended 31 March 2011 was paid on 9 September 
2011, prior to the de-listing of the Group.  Following the change of control, a special dividend of 44.73 
pence per share was paid reflecting the Group’s past outperformance.  The directors recommend a 
final dividend of £nil. 

The board of our main subsidiary, NWL, has proposed a dividend policy consistent with the 
underlying growth assumptions adopted by Ofwat at the price review in 2009.  In addition, NWL paid 
a special dividend reflecting past outperformance. 

Accounting policies 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union as it applies to the financial 
statements of the Group for the year ended 31 March 2012. 

Capital structure and liquidity 
In April 2011 the Group received the proceeds of a new £100.0 million US private placement with a 
ten year maturity at a coupon of 5.82%.  The receipts, plus existing cash reserves, were used to 
refinance £125.0 million of intermediate holding company debt maturing in May 2011. 

In June 2011 NWL agreed a new £150.0 million facility from the European Investment Bank (EIB) 
and the first £50.0 million tranche was drawn on a variable rate basis in November 2011.  The 
remainder of the facility will be drawn in two further £50.0 million tranches in 2012 and 2013 at 
interest rates to be determined at the time of drawdown. 

NWL, through its finance subsidiary, Northumbrian Water Finance plc (NWF), issued £360.0 million 
Guaranteed Eurobonds in January 2012, maturing January 2042, with an annual coupon of 5.125%. 

The Group and NWL’s regulated business debt structure remain largely unchanged with 75% (NWL: 
70%) fixed at an average rate of 5.73% (NWL: 5.80%), 18% (NWL: 22%) index linked at an average 
real rate of 1.85% (all NWL) and 7% (NWL: 8%) on a variable rate basis.  The blended average rate 
for the Group and NWL's regulated business for the year ended 31 March 2012 was 5.53% and 
5.54% (2011: 5.80%, 5.93%), respectively, reflecting reduced RPI. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash interest cover has remained stable for the year as have the credit ratings for NWL at BBB+ 
stable (Fitch and Standard & Poors) and Baa1 stable (Moody’s). 

Total cash, cash equivalents and short term cash deposits available at 31 March 2012 amounted to 
£172.8  million.    In  addition  to  the  undrawn  element  of  the  EIB  facility,  the  Group  has  substantial 
undrawn committed five year bank facilities, amounting to £450.0 million at 31 March 2012, available 
to maintain general liquidity.  These resources are sufficient to meet the requirements of the business 
through to July 2016. 

Treasury policy 
The main purposes of the Group’s treasury function are to assess the Group’s ongoing capital 
requirement, to maintain short term liquidity, ensuring access to medium term committed back up 
facilities, and to raise funding, taking advantage of any favourable market opportunities. 

It also invests any surplus funds the Group may have, based on its forecast requirements and in 
accordance with the Group’s treasury policy.  On occasions, derivatives are used as part of this 
process, but the Group’s policies prohibit their use for speculation.  Full details are provided in note 
20 to the financial statements.  The Group is operating in compliance with its policies. 

Pensions 
The Group operates both a defined benefit pension scheme, which is closed to new entrants, and an 
occupational defined contribution arrangement. 

The deficit (under International Accounting Standard (IAS) 19 Retirement Benefits) of the defined 
benefit scheme has increased from £46.0 million, at 31 March 2011, to £84.1 million at 31 March 
2012.  This is due to an increase in the liabilities of the scheme (£63.1 million), partially offset by an 
increase in the value of scheme assets (£25.0 million). 

With the agreement of the Scheme Trustee, the Group has made capital contributions to the scheme 
totalling £70.0 million for the period to 31 March 2015.  These payments comprise employers’ 
contributions, the deficit recovery funding assumed in the final determination and employees 
contributions under a salary sacrifice arrangement. 

The most recent actuarial valuation of the scheme was as at 31 December 2010.  The results of the 
valuation are reported in note 25. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating performance 

We use a range of KPIs to measure non-financial performance in the business and these indicators 
are reviewed by the management team each month.  Performance for the year has been reported in 
the performance measures section on page 8 but is discussed in more detail in this section. 

Customer 

Putting customers first 
Customer service is at the heart of the company and the culture of getting things ‘right first time every 
time’ is embedded in the business.  We keep customers informed about our activities through leaflets 
with bills and our websites at www.nwl.co.uk and www.eswater.co.uk.  The sites include information 
about our services and now allow customers to ask questions and investigate work being carried out 
in their area.  We also communicate more broadly with local communities through public meetings 
and customer information events. 

Customer satisfaction 
Ofwat introduced the SIM in 2010/11, which monitors both quantitative and qualitative aspects of 
customer service.  This mechanism financially incentivises the best performing companies and 
penalises the worst, endeavouring to simulate competition and encourage excellent service 
throughout the industry.  Our aim is to be the leading company for SIM. 

The quantitative aspect of SIM includes metrics for all lines busy and abandoned calls, unwanted 
calls, written complaints and CCWater investigations, each of which attract a number of penalty 
points depending upon the severity.  Results across all metrics improved during the year and our 
quantitative SIM contact levels score reduced to 162 for 2011/12 from 212 for 2010/11. 

The qualitative aspect of SIM takes the form of a survey, which is conducted each quarter across 
every water company and asks customers who have made contact with us about their experience.  
Our cumulative score for the four quarterly surveys was 4.33 out of 5, an improvement on the 
previous year’s score of 4.14. 

Affordability 
In the current economic climate, we know that affordability continues to be a genuine concern for 
many customers and we continue to be considerate of their circumstances, ensuring they can choose 
suitable payment options and that our recovery techniques are appropriate and effective.  However, 
customers who deliberately avoid paying charges are pursued for payment.  We are working closely 
with Ofwat and Defra to seek changes to legislation which will assist the industry to identify those 
responsible for charges more easily.  We are also working with credit reference agencies to improve 
the quality of our customer information and enhance the effectiveness of our collection processes. 

Water quality 
The quality of water is critical to our customers and samples are taken on a daily basis for analysis 
under regulations monitored by the DWI.  The quality in all areas served remained high and a 
sustained level of compliance has been achieved with fewer failures at customer taps and a reduction 
in the number of health-related failures at water treatment works and service reservoirs.  

Significant improvements have been seen in iron and manganese compliance in 2011.  In addition, 
there has been a further reduction in customer contacts relating to discoloured water.  This has been 
helped by the cleaning of 150km of large diameter water mains in Tyneside and South East 
Northumberland, which was completed in June 2011.  A similar three year programme of work was 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
started in 2012, this time targeting larger mains in Gateshead and Newcastle as part of an ongoing 
strategy to improve the acceptability of water to consumers. 

Business customers 
The economic situation has had a significant impact on some business sectors in our operating 
regions and we have been working closely with major customers to mitigate the impact where 
possible.  Due to the challenging economic conditions a number of large industrial customers 
temporarily ceased production for periods during the year whilst a number of other smaller 
commercial customers have ceased trading altogether.  This has led to a downturn in water demand 
from industrial and commercial customers.  However, this should be partially offset in 2012/13 largely 
due to SSI UK restarting steel production on Teesside. 

We are active in the business communities where we are a member of the CBI, Chambers of 
Commerce and North East of England Process Industry Cluster.  By supporting these and other 
smaller groups, NWL can help business growth and development in the areas we serve as well as 
retaining contact with organisations which represent customers.  Business customer satisfaction is 
tracked on a regular basis and levels of satisfaction are high.  

Competitiveness 

We  have  instigated  an  efficiency  programme  focused  on  identifying  and  implementing  sustainable 
operating  cost  efficiencies  in  order  to  achieve  our  medium  term  goal  of  being  in  the  top  efficiency 
band for both water and sewerage, as measured by Ofwat.   

Efficiency programme 
The  efficiency  programme  identified  around  100  projects  and  initiatives  from  across  the  whole 
business, ranging from large scale strategic reviews to smaller improvements at a local level.  These 
efficiencies  are  in  addition  to  the  benefits  already  secured  through  buying  our  full  energy 
requirements  to  March  2015  in  advance.    Delivery  of  the  programme  continues  to  be  on  schedule 
and, as a result, we are ahead of the final determination profile. 

Other aspects of performance in relation  to our competitiveness theme are included in  the financial 
performance section on page 9. 

Research and development 
We  invest  in  a  programme  of  research  and  development  to  ensure  we  can  meet  the  needs  of  our 
customers and to support the sustainable and cost effective operation of our business, now and into 
the future.  Our research and innovation activities include the development of technical solutions for 
water and waste  water management, collaborative research within the sector and partnerships with 
suppliers, universities and research organisations.   

During the year, the Group invested £1.1 million (2011: £2.3 million) in research and development. 

People 

People strategy and policy 
Our approach to strategy development focuses on achieving the medium term goals and specific 
business objectives in all parts of the Company.  Our policies aim to nurture a mindset where our 
people will consistently choose to go the extra mile in delivering great service to customers every 
day.  People are clear about our vision and values and the Code of Conduct sets out our approach to 
doing business.  The CEO has responsibility at Board level for the People strategy and policy.  

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We aim to recruit and retain the best people, with a diverse range of skills, experience and 
backgrounds, who are committed to our vision and values.  In return, we aim to provide opportunities 
for people to develop their skills and capabilities and fulfilling and challenging work in a supportive 
culture which recognises, celebrates and rewards the contribution made by both teams and 
individuals. 

We understand that having a diverse workforce enhances our performance, fostering innovation and 
creativity and helping us better understand how to serve the needs of our customers.  Our equal 
opportunity policy seeks to ensure that all our current employees and potential employees are treated 
with respect.  We welcome job applications from all parts of the community.  It is our intention that all 
job applicants and employees are treated equally, regardless of their age, ability, marital or 
partnership status, race, religion or belief, sex or sexual orientation.  We monitor our workforce profile 
against census and sector data and aim to be recognised as an employer of choice within the diverse 
communities we serve, ensuring we take full advantage of the wide range of backgrounds and 
abilities of current and potential employees.  

Engagement 
Actively involving and engaging our people is a fundamental building block to delivering strong results 
and improving our performance.  Every other year we seek their views through an annual employee 
engagement survey and this year’s survey had the largest response rate ever with 78% of people 
taking part.  In alternate years we participate in the Sunday Times Best Companies survey.  One of 
the key measures in our survey is the Employee Satisfaction Index (ESI).  Our target is to achieve 
and sustain an ESI of 81% and, although we missed the target in 2011/12, we did achieve our 
highest ever annual score of 78% and are confident that we will achieve this medium term goal by 
2015. 

Overall, 83% of respondents told us they are proud to work for the Company, 85% would recommend 
working for the Company and 80% believe that NWL is a great organisation to work for.  This 
commitment is borne out by low employee turnover which, at 4.56% last year, was well below the UK 
average of 16%. 

To recognise the contribution of our people, who bring our values to life every day in the way they do 
their jobs, we have launched our Vision and Values awards, known as the ViVa Awards.  In the first 
year over 240 people and teams have been nominated by colleagues in the business to celebrate 
great ViVa performance against one or more of our five values. 

Our constructive employee relations have been further enhanced through collaborative working, 
establishing a change management framework which was developed jointly with our trade union 
representatives, describing how we involve and engage people affected by change.  This has 
enabled early involvement of trade union and employee representatives in shaping proposals and 
communication plans, even where formal collective consultation is not a requirement. 

Supporting wellbeing  
It is clear to us that when people are feeling at their best they will give of their best to customers and 
colleagues.  In 2011, we signed up to the Public Health Responsibility Deal and have further 
developed our Wellbeing strategy to promote all aspects of working well. 

We actively encourage our people to take care of their health and wellbeing by providing a wide 
range of health services, support and resources.  The Group’s medical advisor provides 
comprehensive occupational health services, general health promotion and stress management.  Our 
people have access to specialist advice and treatment to support recovery from musculoskeletal 
disorders and, in 2010, we introduced NWL Support which gives our people access to face to face or 
telephone counselling on a range of personal concerns.  We continue to promote healthy eating, 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
hydration and exercise alongside excellent health screening and medical insurance schemes.  Our 
current level of sickness absence is 3.0%, continuing on a downward trend from 3.2% in 2010 and 
3.1% in 2011.  

Where employees develop a disability which affects their work we support them to remain in 
employment, wherever practicable, by providing appropriate adjustments to their roles and/or 
effective redeployment.  Occupational health physicians assist this process with professional medical 
advice. 

Encouraging personal growth 
Our aim is to build and maintain a culture which values, encourages and recognises outstanding 
performance, where we share a commitment to our objectives and to delivering our personal best.  
From corporate induction days and induction planning, to individual coaching, accreditation of skills 
through national vocational qualifications, and management and leadership programmes, we provide 
the resources needed to help employees reach their full potential. 

Annual appraisals are given high priority, along with the identification of training needs, recognising 
how important technical and personal skills are in seeking to achieve the Company’s vision and 
values. 

Currently, 75% of our line managers are qualified to at least NQF Level 3.  Overall, around 2,600 of 
our people, 90% of the workforce, are qualified to at least NQF Level 2, the equivalent of five GCSEs 
at grades A to C.  Our commitment to skills is delivered through a series of NVQ programmes, 
working in partnership with leading providers.  

Growing new talent is key to our continued success and, last year, four people were participating in 
our graduate development programme, with 18 in our apprentice programme, and plans are being 
formulated to increase our development programmes for 2012. 

A fair deal 
We aim for our terms and conditions to both attract and retain the best people in the areas we serve.  
In addition to competitive pay and benefits we also offer a scheme providing a wide range of lifestyle 
benefits through salary sacrifice, such as childcare vouchers, water services, cars for personal use 
and discounted store vouchers.  Around 80% of our people chose to take advantage of the scheme 
during the year, up from 73% last year. 

Communication 
We use a wide range of communication methods including magazines, brochures, leaflets, 
newsletters, intranet, notice boards and regular team meetings.  We issue all employees with a series 
of information booklets clearly explaining areas such as the Company’s vision and values, terms, 
conditions and benefits of employment, and occupational health and wellbeing programmes. 

We fully recognise the importance of an inclusive and engaging leadership and management style.  
In 2011 we engaged with our people through over 120 departmental workshops facilitated by senior 
managers and over 50 participative roadshows facilitated by the CEO and directors.  Throughout the 
year we share key information through TeamTalk, the CEO’s bi-monthly briefing which is cascaded 
through the business, with a wide range of newsletters and briefings also keeping people informed of 
more local news. 

Disclosure (Whistleblowing) 
We encourage open feedback and are committed to protecting employees who wish to voice 
concerns about behaviour or decisions that they believe to be illegal or unethical.  The Audit 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Committee regularly reviews the disclosure policy.  There were no concerns raised by the Audit 
Committee during the year. 

Health and safety  
We place great emphasis on health and safety and a safe working environment.  Employees are 
actively encouraged to be involved in identifying and eliminating hazards in the workplace.  This has 
resulted in a significant reduction in accidents over recent years and, this year, there were only eight 
lost time reportable accidents, which continues the improving trend. 

We have established a medium term plan for taking health and safety forward in the Company to 
2015.  We aim to further reduce the number of accidents by 10% each year and to maintain and 
improve the safety culture in the Company.  

Safety information, communication and awareness are critical to creating a positive safety culture.  In 
2010 we reviewed the consultation process and, this year, introduced a new health and safety 
committee structure and a new health and safety forum chaired by the CEO.  We are already seeing 
the benefits from involving the safety representatives in reviewing and consulting on safety policies 
and procedures and in championing the importance of health and safety in the workplace. 

Employee Share Incentive Plan (SIP) 
Prior to the change of control, we operated a Share Incentive Plan that provided one free matching 
share for every three shares purchased by an employee.  This plan closed in October 2011 following 
the change of control of NWG. 

Environment 

Water resources 
We continue to make excellent progress with the Abberton Scheme.  This increases the capacity of 
Abberton reservoir by 58% and also includes the construction of two pipelines and a pumping station, 
all of which remain on programme.  Once this scheme is operating, in 2014, we do not expect to have 
to develop further major resources in Essex for the next 25 years. 

In addition to improving the supply of water, we believe it is important to manage the demand for 
water so that it does not exceed levels that can be supplied in a sustainable way.  Metering has an 
important role to play in this regard.  For several years we have been installing water meters upon 
change of occupier in properties in Essex.  This is in addition to the optional metering scheme 
available to all customers. 

Water efficiency targets were introduced in 2010/11 to reduce consumption of water by the 
Company’s customers by one litre per property per day.  These targets apply in all areas served and 
the award-winning work previously carried out in Essex and Suffolk was extended to the rest of the 
Company.  We have consistently met our water efficiency targets year on year. 

The reporting year was very dry in Essex and Suffolk, where only 83% of the long term average 
rainfall was recorded.  However, through careful abstraction management, we were on track to fill our 
reservoirs to target levels by the end of April and avoided the need to impose a Temporary Use Ban 
(previously known as a hosepipe ban).  In the north east, for the majority of the year, our storage 
position was at or above average.  There are no plans for restrictions during 2012/13, although the 
Company will continue to encourage customers to use water wisely and control demand in dry 
periods. 

By March 2011, we had recovered from the previous year’s extremely severe winter which caused 
our northern operating area to miss its annual leakage target.  Changes were made to leakage 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
operations management and our response to any increase in leakage was quick and thorough to 
ensure that we achieved the 2011/12 leakage target regardless of the weather.  Throughout 2011/12, 
distribution input and leakage levels have been at their lowest ever.  Our final reported leakage figure 
has met our target comfortably. 

Waste water 
Our exceptional performance for sewage treatment works continued for a fourth year.  All numerically 
consented works remained compliant for the year on the basis of routine ‘operator self monitoring’ 
samples.  One works, Bowburn, was non-compliant based on an additional sample taken following 
the self reporting of a process issue to the EA. 

The AAD plant at Bran Sands has performed well over the last 12 months.  Further enhancements to 
the site are planned in 2012/13 to increase energy production further.  Construction of a second AAD 
plant at Howdon, on Tyneside, to process the remainder of NWL’s sludge has gone well and started 
commissioning in June 2012. 

The number of properties experiencing internal flooding due to hydraulic overloading reduced 
significantly for the second year in 2011/12.  This can be attributed to a combination of less frequent 
and intense summer storms in 2011 and the cumulative effect of our sewer flooding investment 
programme.  Enhanced resolution rain radar has now been in place in the north east since 2009, 
allowing us to identify severe weather across the region. 

During 2011/12, we invested over £22.0m in conventional sewer flood relief projects, resulting in the 
removal of 224 properties from our flooding registers.  Planning to identify schemes for coming years 
forms a key part of our investment programme and is well advanced, with a further 137 properties to 
be addressed in 2012/13.  Additionally, in line with our serviceability action plan for sewer flooding, 
we have embarked on a programme of increased mitigation.   

The number of properties flooded due to other causes has increased in 2011/12.  A serviceability 
action plan has been put in place to reduce this number which includes new and additional 
programmes of sewer cleansing, sewer inspection, and sewer rehabilitation.  These programmes 
form part of our long term policy to prevent unmanaged escapes from the sewer network. 

The total number of pollution incidents showed a slight reduction from 2010, however, there was a 
significant increase in those classified as serious (categories 1 & 2).  While there was no single cause 
for these serious events, the programme of installing overflow and sewer level monitoring (Hawkeye) 
is continuing.  Furthermore, the monitoring has been brought in-house for quicker detection and a 
rapid response to warning level alarms, to solve problems before any overflow occurs.  

All of the 34 bathing waters in the north east passed the required mandatory standard and 31 met the 
more demanding guideline standard. 

Carbon management plan  
The water industry is one of the largest users of energy in the UK and we aim to play a full part in 
support of the Government’s plans to reduce emissions.  We have been working hard over recent 
years to reduce our carbon footprint while preparing ourselves for the future challenges of a change 
in climate and the weather events we may face as a consequence.  

We have published our carbon management plan to meet the target of a 35% reduction in operational 
emissions by 2020, from a 2008 base. 

The carbon management plan includes energy efficiency, renewable energy generation and water 
efficiency and supports our activities to help us adapt to a changing climate.  It represents a 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
sustainable and responsible way forward for the business, our customers and the environment.  The 
projects which will help us to achieve our carbon reduction target include: our investment in AAD at 
Bran Sands and Howdon on Tyneside; hydroelectric installations at five reservoirs; improved 
metering of electricity to enable us to improve our energy efficiency through site energy management 
plans; limiting tertiary ultraviolet disinfection outside the bathing water season at five major works; 
and encouraging customers to avoid wastage through our ‘using water wisely’ campaign. 

Through these projects, and by reviewing the efficiency of our pumps across the business, we have 
progressively reduced the amount of energy used over recent years despite upward pressures as a 
consequence of tighter environmental standards. 

We have been awarded, for the second time, the Carbon Trust Standard for our efforts in reducing 
greenhouse gas emissions.  The standard provides an objective benchmark against which our 
commitment and success in addressing our climate change impact was assessed and is significant 
as it demonstrates progress against our ambitious carbon management plan. 

Changing weather patterns  
The water cycle and the changing weather have a direct influence on the provision of water and 
waste water services.  Our employees are experienced in managing the effects of too much or too 
little rainfall, but changing weather patterns will present a growing challenge for the business. 

In past years, we have carried out research into the likely impact of climate change on all our assets 
and water resources and this has been incorporated in our climate change policy as part of our 
corporate responsibility work.  This work is continuing, based on the latest UKCP09 projections 
published in 2009 by the UK Climate Impacts Programme. 

Last year, we incorporated this work into our response to the new adaptation reporting power granted 
to the Government by the 2008 Climate Change Act, assessing the risk that climate change presents 
to our business.  This work has highlighted that increasing rainfall intensity is the most significant 
short term threat that we will face as a result of the changing climate, which will increase the risk of 
sewer flooding.  More positively, we have found that the anticipated drier summers of the future are 
less of a concern for NWL than for many other companies in our industry as a result of our 
investment to increase the capacity of Abberton reservoir for our Essex operating area and the 
presence of Kielder Water for the north east region. 

Quality 
We have maintained our certification to the international standards for quality (ISO 9001:2008), 
environment (ISO 14001:2004) and occupational health and safety (OHSAS 18001:2007) across all 
areas of the business, including operational sites and office based teams. 

Communities 

We  support  the  communities  we  serve  in  a  number  of  different  ways  and  have  been  widely 
recognised as leaders in our support for projects that make the areas we serve better places in which 
to  live,  work  or  invest.    This  year,  the  Company  has  been  re-accredited  by  FTSE4Good  though, 
following our de-listing in the autumn, we will not be eligible for this index in future years.  We have 
also  received  re-accreditation  as  a  Platinum  Plus  company  by  Business  in  the  Community  and  our 
Queen’s Award for Industry is still in place as it was awarded in 2009 for a five year period.  For the 
second  year  running,  the  company  was  also  recognised  by  Ethisphere,  an  American-based 
international think-tank, as one of the most ethical companies in the world and was one of only seven 
UK only based companies and the only water utility worldwide to make the list of 145 companies. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
This  year,  the  Group  made  charitable  donations  totalling  £155,000.    In  addition,  and  in  line  with 
previous years, we have contributed resources with a value equivalent to at least 1% of our annual 
pre-tax profits (through cash, employee time and expertise, or use of our facilities) to projects which 
benefit the communities we serve.  Our employees raised £43,667 for charities this year.  In addition, 
our ‘Care for safety’ scheme, which encourages employees to reduce accidents and associated lost 
time, triggered payments of over £28,190 for charities nominated by employees. 

The support we give to our communities focuses on five broad areas. 

Investment in our communities 
Community Foundations covering our areas of supply hold endowment funds totalling nearly £1.0m 
contributed by NWL over the last 20 years.  These are long term investments with the income from 
the funds used to support community and environmental initiatives. Community groups are chosen by 
committees of our own employees. 

In addition to cash donations, we seek to support many projects through in-kind giving and support.  
Through  ‘Good  Moves’  we  aim  to  put  NWL  estates  into  productive  community  use.    Working  in 
partnership with artists’ groups CoExist and Metal, we have developed a temporary art project at our 
vacant  Southend  site  to  provide  space  for  a  temporary  gallery,  studio  and  small  creative  business 
complex.    We  have  also  focused  on  developing  affordable  rural  housing  to  contribute  to  the 
sustainability and vitality of those communities, including support of the Prince of Wales’ Affordable 
Rural Housing Initiative since it was launched in 2003.  

This  is  the  first  full  operating  year  for  the  newly  formed  Kielder  Water  &  Forest  Park  (KW&FP) 
Development Trust, a registered charity which formalised the original Kielder Partnership founded in 
1994.  This year, activity has focused on refining the vision, mission and goals of the Trust as well as 
ensuring the appropriate governance and financial systems are in place, but this has not stopped the 
continued delivery of the 25 year investment plan for the area. 

A  £10.0m  development  scheme  for  the  Calvert  Trust  Kielder  site  has  gained  planning  permission 
which  will  increase  the  activity  provision  and  accommodation  within  the  Park.    Encouraging  and 
enabling sustainable development has been a high priority and the development of the local business 
forum  has  been  a  key  facet.    We  helped  the  Kielder  Observatory  secure  funding  leading  to  a 
significant  uplift  in  observing  sessions  and  visitors.    Events  and  activities  have  also  grown  with  the 
successful  delivery  of  the  second  Kielder  marathon  and  the  Kielder  100  mile  mountain  bike  race 
using the new trails across Kielder Forest. 

Participation in our communities 
As part of NWL’s in-kind giving, we encourage employees to volunteer their time, skills and expertise 
through our ‘Just an hour’ volunteering scheme.   We support our people to participate in their local 
communities by giving them work time to volunteer in projects of their choice. 

During  the  year,  our  people  have  helped  hundreds  of  community  projects  and  employees  have 
volunteered 15,204 hours in their communities.  In 2011/12, 48% of our employees participated in the 
‘Just  an  hour’  volunteering  scheme  (up  from  27%  in  the  previous  year)  and  1,417  different 
organisations were given financial and in-kind support. 

We have continued our support for Castle View Enterprise Academy, in Sunderland, for which NWL 
is lead sponsor.  The school has now completed its second year of operations after opening its doors 
in  2009  and  has  seen  considerable  improvements  in  pass  rates  for  students  in  GCSEs  including 
English and Maths. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Educating our communities about their environment 
Key partnerships have been developed by NWL to help the conservation of biodiversity on our sites, 
to facilitate public access and to develop conservation education.   Our contribution includes funding 
project officers and providing expertise to the organisations.  Our current partnerships include: 
  Northumberland Wildlife Trust (Kielder and Bakethin); 
  Durham Wildlife Trust; 
  Essex Wildlife Trust (Hanningfield); 
  Broads Authority (Lound and Trinity Broads); and 
  Davy Down Trust (North Stifford, Essex). 

A wide range of targeted educational materials is available on our websites for children and teachers.  
We  promote  the  use  of  these  materials  and  celebrate  innovative  approaches  to  environment  and 
health  education  via  our  support  of  the  Northumbrian Water  Schools  Awards  in  the  north  east  and 
Cash for Schools Awards in Essex. 

Supporting healthy communities 
We continue to promote the health benefits of drinking tap water and our ‘Water for health’ campaign 
aims to encourage people to lead a healthy lifestyle.  To date, almost £376,000 has been provided to 
fund  free  mains-fed  water  coolers  in  schools  and  around  800  have  been  supplied  in  nearly  465 
schools and community groups.  We also donated 143,200 bottles of tap water to community sporting 
events in order to promote the importance of rehydration during exercise.  Working with a wide and 
diverse range of sporting partners is a natural extension of our ‘Water for health’ campaign and we 
work  with  them  to  support  grassroots  sporting  activities  to  get  people  active  as  well  as  educating 
them on healthy eating and good hydration. 

We  have  linked  our  ‘Good  moves’  initiative  and  our  ‘Water  for  health’  campaign  to  develop 
Healthworks.  This is a unique project utilising one of our redundant buildings to help tackle the poor 
long  term  health  of  residents  in  Easington,  County  Durham,  by  granting  a  99  year  lease  to  County 
Durham Primary Care Trust and working in partnership to develop services for the local community in 
an area where census records show one of the worst health records in the country. 

The  centre  received  27,500  visits  during  the  year and  now  provides  over 70  health  and community 
support services including a GP led walk-in health centre open from 8am to 8pm 365 days a year.  It 
acts as a community focal point where service providers and community groups can come together to 
address issues that affect the quality of life in their local community. 

Supporting developing communities through WaterAid 
We continue to raise funds and awareness for the work of WaterAid which brings sustainable water 
and sanitation solutions, as well as hygiene education, to the poorest parts of Africa and Asia, as it 
has since the charity was formed by the water industry in 1981.  

The employee fundraising committee has raised more than £5.0m, since 1997, with the help of the 
Company and last year focused its fundraising support on specific projects in Ghana and Tanzania.  
We support our employees to become ambassadors for the charity and encourage annual supporter 
trips to see WaterAid projects. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate governance 

Since  de-listing  from  the  London  Stock  Exchange  on  14  October  2011,  the  Company  is  no  longer 
obliged  to  take  account  of  The  UK  Corporate  Governance  Code  (the  Code).    However,  the  Board 
maintains its belief that best practice in corporate governance helps it discharge its duties in the best 
interests of the Company.  In accordance with the ‘comply or explain’ approach, the Board continues 
to comply with the main principles of the Code to the extent considered applicable.  The areas where 
the Company departs from the main principles of the Code are explained below: 

the Company’s immediate parent company, UKW, is a company indirectly wholly owned by a 
consortium comprising Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings Limited, Cheung Kong (Holdings) 
Limited  and  Li  Ka  Shing  Foundation  Limited  (together  the  ‘Ultimate  Shareholders’).    As  a 
privately owned Company, the procedure for the appointment of new directors is less formal, 
rigorous and transparent than those considered appropriate for listed companies.  In addition, 
the  provisions  concerning  annual  evaluation  and  re-election  of  directors  are  considered  less 
relevant since the change in legal status; and 

  dialogue with the Company’s ultimate shareholders is maintained through member-nominated 
director representation on not only the Company’s Board but that of several of its subsidiaries. 
Annual General Meetings are no longer required since becoming a privately owned company 
and the Company’s amended Articles of Associations reflect this position. 

The board of NWL also maintains high standards of corporate governance and endeavours to comply 
with the main principles of the Code, wherever practicable. 

The  group  has  a  code  of  ethics,  ‘Our  Code  of  Conduct’,  covering  its  relationships  with  customers, 
employees, suppliers, local communities, shareholders, other investors and regulators.  

Board responsibilities and processes 
The Board sets and implements the Company’s vision, values and strategy and ensures compliance 
with group policies and legal and regulatory obligations.  

The  Company  has  adopted  terms  of  reference  which  set  out  the  matters reserved  to  the  Board for 
approval  and  matters  which  are,  or  can  be,  delegated  to  the  committees  and  management.    The 
Company  has  also  adopted  financial  approval  rules  which  set  out  the  authorisation  processes  and 
financial limits to be applied to financial transactions within the Company.  NWL has adopted its own 
version of these guidelines.  Standing or Executive Committees can take decisions not delegated to 
specific  committees  between  Board  meetings.    All  directors  receive  notice  of  Standing  Committee 
meetings and may participate if they wish.  Decisions taken by the Standing or Executive Committees 
are reported at the next Board meeting.  The NWG Board meets at least every two months. 

Authorisation of directors’ conflicts of interest 
Directors have a statutory duty, under s175 of the Companies Act 2006, to avoid a situation in which 
they  have,  or  could  have,  a  conflict  of  interest  with  the  Company’s  interests.    However, there  is no 
breach of this duty if the Board has authorised the matter in question.   The Articles permit directors 
(other  than  the  director  having  the  interest  in  question)  to  authorise  any  situation  giving  rise  to  a 
known or potential conflict.  A register of the interests which have been authorised is maintained by 
the Company Secretary and is available at every Board meeting.  The Company will follow emerging 
best practice in line with the General Counsel 100’s guidance paper. 

Board balance and independence 
The  Chairman  and  CEO  have  clearly  defined  roles  and  responsibilities.    The  Chairman  leads  the 
Board and creates the conditions for overall Board and individual director  effectiveness, both inside 
22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and outside the boardroom.  The CEO is responsible for running the Company’s business on a day to 
day basis. 

The  non-executive  directors  bring  to  the  Board  many  years  of  business  experience  as  well  as 
financial  expertise  and  the  ability  and  willingness  to  constructively  challenge  and  help  develop 
proposals on strategy. 

The General Counsel and Company Secretary, Martin Parker, assists the Board to ensure that good 
corporate  governance  compliance  is  achieved,  to  the  extent  considered  applicable.    He  is  also 
Company Secretary of NWL and is secretary to all Board committees. 

Board committees 
The Board has Audit and Remuneration Committees to assist it in the performance of its duties.  The 
Board sets the terms of reference of the committees and receives regular reports from their chairmen 
at Board meetings. 

Remuneration Committee 
The  work  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  primarily  comprises  the  adoption  of  principles  and 
standards for executive remuneration and benefits. 

Audit Committee 
The purpose of the Audit Committee is to assist both executive and non-executive directors of NWG 
to discharge their individual and collective responsibilities in relation to: 
  ensuring the financial and accounting systems of NWG and its subsidiaries are providing accurate 

and up to date information on their current position; 

  ensuring NWG’s published financial statements represent a true and fair reflection of this position; 

and 

  assessing the scope and effectiveness of the Group’s risk management systems and the integrity 

of its internal financial controls. 

The Committee has now assumed responsibility for the practical work being done to ensure that the 
Group’s procedures designed to prevent bribery are adequate (having regard to the provisions of the 
Bribery Act 2010 and the official guidance published in relation to that Act).  This builds on significant 
work done by the NWG Board, with advice from the Company Secretary and Internal Audit Manager, 
to  assess  the  bribery  risk  faced  by  the  Group,  clarify  policies  and  map  the  procedures  to  be  put  in 
place. 

The  Audit  Committee  Chairman  reports to  the  Board following  each  meeting  of  the  Committee  and 
Committee minutes are circulated to the Board. 

Organisational structure 
The  trading  subsidiaries  have  their  own  boards  of  directors  (the  subsidiary  Boards)  which  are 
responsible for the operational and financial control of their own businesses.   The subsidiary Boards 
report  to  the  executive  directors  and  to  the  Company’s  Board  on  matters  including  major  strategic, 
financial, organisational, compliance and regulatory issues. 

The  Board  is  able  to  monitor  the  impact  of  environmental,  social  and  governance  matters  on  the 
Group’s business, to assess the impact of significant risks on the business and to evaluate methods 
of  managing  these  risks  through  reports  it  receives  from  the  subsidiary  Boards  and  the  Audit 
Committee 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risks and uncertainties 

The NWG Board requires all subsidiaries within the Group to identify and assess the impact of risks 
to  their  business  using  a  standard  risk  model.    For  each  risk  identified,  the  model  records  the 
uncontrolled  magnitude  and  likelihood  of  the  risks  occurring  as  well  as  the  controls  in  place  to 
mitigate those risks before assessing the controlled magnitude.  The Board’s view of acceptable risk 
is  based  on  a  balanced  view  of  all  of  the  risks  in  the  operating  environment.    It  aims  to  ensure  an 
appropriate balance between risk aversion and opportunities. 

The Board sets the tone for risk management within the Group and determines the appropriate risk 
appetite.  The Board monitors the management of fundamental risks and approves major decisions 
affecting the Group’s risk profile.  Senior management implement policies on risk management and 
internal control. 

For NWL, the management team reviews the approach to risk management in detail every year and 
the Audit Committee considers the outcome.  The management team reviews the significant risks 
every month and a full review of the model for emerging significant risks is carried out quarterly.  Any 
issues that arise from these management team reviews are reported by the CEO to the board. 

Apart from NWL, none of the subsidiaries has risks considered to be significant to the Group's short 
and long term value. 

The system of internal control incorporates risk management.  It encompasses a number of elements 
that together facilitate an effective and efficient operation, enabling the company to respond to a 
variety of risks.  These elements include: 

  Policies and procedures 

Attached to fundamental risks are a series of policies that underpin the internal control process.  
Written procedures support the policies where appropriate. 

  Business planning and budgeting 

The  business planning  and  budgeting  process  is used to  set  objectives,  agree  action plans  and 
allocate resources.  Progress against meeting business plan and budget objectives is monitored 
regularly. 

  Risk register 

The risk register identifies key risks, each with a risk owner who is responsible for evaluating the 
risk on a regular basis.  As a way of ensuring that risk management is embedded into the 
business, the risk owners have the management of these risks as a personal KPI. 

  Strategic risk model 

Risks that are known but not yet well defined enough for the likelihood and consequence to be 
reasonably foreseen are included in a strategic risk model. 

  Audit Committee 

The  Audit  Committee  reports  to  the  Board  on  internal  controls  and  alerts  the  Board  to  any 
emerging  issues.    In  addition,  the  Audit  Committee  oversees  internal  audit,  external  audit  and 
management, as required, in its review of internal controls. 

An assurance map forms a permanent part of the process and, for each risk, highlights who provides 
assurance that the control activities are in place and operating effectively. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk description 
Funding and liquidity risk 

Unfavourable changes to the 
regulatory structure, as a result of 
the Water White Paper 
Unfavourable changes to the 
regulatory structure or price setting 
mechanism by Ofwat 
Impact of the transfer of private 
drains and sewers is greater than 
anticipated 

Unexpected shift in climate change 
impact 

Loss of supply due to failure of 
strategic water main.  This covers 
catastrophic failure that is greater 
than the response capability of the 
company 

Sewer flooding failures 

Pesticides lead to prescribed 
concentration or value failure and 
possible enforcement action 

Loss of income through closure of 
large customers or lower industrial 
volumes 
Incident at Bran Sands waste water 
treatment works causes business 
interruption 

Risk of increasing pension 
contributions resulting from 
increasing longevity and the impact 

Mitigation measures 
The financial ratios, financial results, liquidity position and credit ratings 
are described in the financial performance section on pages 9 to 12.  In 
addition, note 20 to the financial statements, on pages 58 to 63, includes 
details on the Group’s strategy and treasury operations for managing its 
capital; its exposures to liquidity risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency 
risk and counterparty risk; and details of its financial instruments.  The 
Board reviews the treasury strategy periodically and approves specific 
proposals. 
We play a leading role in the policy debate, through Water UK, direct 
lobbying and forging positive relationships with relevant parties.  We 
respond positively to consultation papers. 
We play a leading role in consultation groups with Ofwat and other 
stakeholders.  We respond positively to consultation papers. 

An internal project team was established to understand and prepare the 
business for the transfer.  We maintain sound financial documentation to 
support a possible future claim for tariff increases in order to recover 
additional costs borne.  We maintain close liaison with the rest of the 
industry and have had constructive dialogue with Ofwat regarding the 
process. 
We have processes in place to anticipate and plan for the impact of 
climate change.  While these have long time horizons, they are reviewed 
regularly to ensure that any changes are identified early. 
In most cases, duplicate mains and diversion of supplies would limit 
supply consequences.  Comprehensive plans exist to provide a 
minimum emergency service to customers until repairs are completed, 
including mutual aid arrangements with other water companies.  A 
proactive inspection regime is in place along with longer term reviews of 
network resilience. 
A sewer flooding group, comprising stakeholders from various teams, is 
responsible for managing the process, flood reporting, network capacity 
studies and prioritisation of investment to reduce risk.  Significant 
additional capital expenditure has been invested to address affected 
properties.  The recently constructed rain radar station for the region is 
now operational and provides improved data.  However, controls are not 
yet sophisticated enough to predict or prevent consequences of severe 
rainfall. 
Undertakings have been agreed with the DWI to carry out certain 
actions to mitigate pesticide issues (metaldehyde and clopyralid).  While 
specific treatment processes, such as carbon filters, are undertaken at 
treatment works, proactive catchment management is also being carried 
out.  This involves working with farmers, regulators and other 
stakeholders to advise on improved storage and application techniques 
for such pesticides.  This is a more sustainable solution than the 
alternative of constructing major new treatment processes. 
It is not possible to directly influence industrial volumes, however, our 
account managers liaise closely with significant customers to provide 
support where possible. 
We have a number of contracts to treat industrial waste streams at our 
Bran Sands works.  The liability under each contract is capped except, 
in certain cases, where NWL is in wilful breach.  A site-specific 
management regime is in place incorporating additional monitoring and 
a greater amount of standby assets. 
The defined benefit scheme was closed to new entrants, benefits 
restructured and employee contributions increased in 2008.  Advance 
contributions have been made to the scheme, including deficit funding 

25 

 
 
 
of economic conditions on 
investment returns 

Health and safety prosecution 

allowed in the last price review.  The scheme Trustee determines 
investment policy and monitors performance of investment managers.  
Triennial actuarial valuations of the scheme are carried out, with the 
latest being as at 31 December 2010. 
Our health and safety policy and safety management system define 
clear arrangements and responsibilities for implementation and 
management throughout the Group.  This is audited as part of our 
quality and environmental management system.  Visible high level 
support for health and safety is provided by the Board and management 
team.  Long term plans and targets are set to promote continuous 
improvement. 

Statutory disclosures 

Political 
During the year, the Group has worked with politicians of all major parties, officials and opinion 
formers.  This work has included making representations on issues which NWL feels are important to 
our customers and communities such as competition, the review of regulators, the Water White 
Paper, adoption of private sewers, ‘Water for health’, climate change, the Water Framework Directive 
and other legislative issues which could affect our customers. 

We do not support any political party and we do not, directly or through any subsidiary, make what 
are commonly regarded as donations to any political party or other political organisation.  However, 
the wide definition of donations in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 covers 
activities which form part of the necessary relationship between the Group and political parties and 
political organisations.  These activities include attending party conferences, as these provide the 
best opportunity to meet a range of stakeholders, both national and local, to explain our activities, as 
well as local meetings with MPs, MEPs and their agents.  The costs associated with these activities 
during 2011/12 were as follows: 

Name of political party 
Conservative  
Labour 
Liberal Democrats 
Total 

 £ 
7,500  
13,062  
3,720  
24,282  

Creditors 
The Company’s policy is to agree payment terms with suppliers and to pay on time according to 
those agreed terms.  The Company’s policy is to make payment not more than 30 days after receipt 
of a valid invoice, except as otherwise agreed.  The ratio, expressed in days, between the amount 
invoiced by its suppliers during the year and the amount owed to its trade creditors at 31 March 2012, 
was 19 days (2011: 30 days). 

Directors’ remuneration and interests 
Information about directors’ remuneration is contained in note 5 to the financial statements. 

Indemnification of directors  
UKW has in place directors' and officers' insurance.  On 28 November 2005, the Company entered 
into a deed of indemnity to grant the directors further protection against liability to third parties, 
subject to the conditions set out in the Companies Act.  Such qualifying third party indemnity 
provision remains in force as at the date of approving the directors' report.  

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auditors 
Deloitte LLP was appointed as auditor in the current year following the resignation of Ernst & Young 
LLP.  Deloitte LLP has indicated its willingness to continue in office for the ensuing year. 

Directors’ declaration 
As required under s418 of the Companies Act 2006, so far as each current director is aware, there is 
no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditors are unaware and each director has 
taken all the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself or herself 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors are aware of 
that information. 

Going concern 
The Group has sufficient funding and facilities in place to meet its requirements for the foreseeable 
future.  The directors believe that the Group is well placed to manage its business risks successfully 
and, accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the annual report and 
financial statements. 

By order of the Board 

Martin Parker 
General Counsel and Company Secretary 
4 October 2012 

Northumbrian Water Group Limited 
Registered office: Northumbria House, Abbey Road, Pity Me, Durham, DH1 5FJ 
Registered in England and Wales No. 4760441 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Appendix to the directors’ report 

Definition of KPIs 

Balanced scorecard KPIs 

Measure 

Customer 

Customer satisfaction – SIM 
quantitative score 

Customer satisfaction – SIM 
qualitative score 

Unplanned interruptions >6 hours 

Definition of measure 

SIM quantitative measure, based on customer contacts.  Contacts are 
normalised per thousand connected properties and multiplied by a weighting 
factor for each ‘unwanted’ category.  Categories include unwanted customer 
calls, abandoned calls, first stage written complaints, second stage written 
complaints and CCWater investigations.  The lower the score the higher the 
customer satisfaction. 

SIM qualitative measure, assessing satisfaction of consumers across their 
experience from first correspondence to final resolution, through 
independent surveys.  Surveys are carried out four times a year for water, 
waste water and billing contacts and the average score taken.  A score of 5 
indicates maximum satisfaction. 

A weighted scoring of the number of properties affected by interruptions to 
supply of more than six hours duration which are unplanned or unwarned 
(excluding overruns of planned and warned interruptions) except for those 
caused directly by third parties.  It includes interruptions for which customers 
are notified less than 48 hours in advance.  The scoring weights interruptions 
which exceed 12 hours, and heavily weights those which exceed 24 hours. 

Coliform incidents 

Total number of coliform failures in regulatory samples at water treatment 
works and service reservoirs.  One coliform or more is a failing sample. 

Competition 

Profit before tax 

Actual profit before tax compared to the budget approved by the Board, 
adjusted for the impact of variances related to indexation on index linked 
bonds, which depends on the July RPI.  Profit before tax has been chosen 
because it is a primary financial measure for the Group for which the 
executive directors are accountable. 

Capital efficiency 

An assessment of the efficiency of the NWL capital investment programme 
undertaken annually by the Board. 

Earnings before interest and tax 

Actual earnings before interest and tax (EBIT), in the UKW consolidated 
accounts, compared to the budget approved by the Board.  EBIT has been 
chosen because it is a primary financial measure for which the executive 
directors are accountable. 

Cash available for distribution 

Cash available for distributions in the period at UKW, compared to the 
budget approved by the Board. 

People 

Engagement and satisfaction index 
(%) 

The Engagement and Satisfaction Index is calculated from scores for 13 
items selected from the annual employee survey.  These items align to the 
Sunday Times Best Companies survey and give a measure of employee 
satisfaction. 

Employee engagement score 

The employee engagement score is derived from the Sunday Times Best 
Companies survey and gives a measure of employee satisfaction. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lost time reportable accidents (no.) 

Accidents reportable to the Health and Safety Executive resulting in more 
than three days lost from work. 

Environment 

Leakage (Mld) 

Water network leakage for the financial year, as reported to Ofwat. 

Sewage treatment works 
compliance (%) 

Percentage of population equivalent served by sewage treatment works 
compliant with Environment Agency (EA) look-up table consents. 

Pollution incidents 
(categories 1 & 2) 

Communities 

FTSE4Good accreditation 

BITC Platinum Plus 
accreditation 

Number of category 1 and 2 pollution incidents in the calendar year, as 
defined by the EA.  Category 1 is a major water pollution incident and 
category 2 is a significant water pollution incident. 

Accreditation by FTSE4Good index series, which has been designed to 
objectively measure the performance of companies that meet globally 
recognised corporate responsibility standards. 

Accreditation by BITC at Platinum Plus level, the highest level in their 
corporate responsibility index.  BITC is a national business-led charity which 
advises, challenges and supports its members to create a sustainable future 
for people and the planet and to improve business performance. 

Just an Hour participation 

The percentage of NWL employees actively volunteering in their 
communities. 

Financial KPIs 

Measure 

Definition of measure 

Gearing to RCV 

Cash interest cover 

Cash flow to net debt 

The ratio of net debt, excluding fair value adjustments, to NWL’s RCV.  The 
RCV represents the total capital value of the appointed water and sewerage 
business on which Ofwat allows a rate of return at price reviews.  The RCV 
generates most of the revenue stream of the Group and gearing is an 
important factor in credit ratings.  The RCV is calculated by Ofwat and 
published each year.  Net debt is calculated from the balance sheet in the 
audited financial statements, adjusted for the fair value of loans owed by 
subsidiaries acquired in 2003. 

The ratio of cash generated from operations less tax divided by net interest 
paid.  This measures the ability of the Company to service its debt.  Cash 
interest cover is calculated from the audited financial statements. 

The ratio of cash generated from operations less tax paid divided by net 
debt.  This indicates the Company’s ability to reduce debt in the absence of 
need for additional investment, without resorting to asset disposal.   Cash 
flow to net debt is calculated from the audited financial statements. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of directors’ responsibilities in relation to the Group 
financial statements 

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the Group financial statements in 
accordance with applicable United Kingdom law and those International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

The directors are required to prepare Group financial statements for each financial year.  Under 
Company Law, the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that 
they present fairly the financial position of the Group and the financial performance and cash flows of 
the Group for that period. In preparing those Group financial statements the directors are required to: 
  select suitable accounting policies in accordance with IAS 8:  Accounting Policies, Changes in 

Accounting Estimates and Errors and then apply them consistently; 

  present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, 

comparable and understandable information; 

  provide additional disclosures when compliance with specific requirements in IFRS is insufficient 
to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions 
on the Group’s financial position and financial performance; 

  state that the Group has complied with IFRSs, subject to any material departures disclosed and 

explained in the financial statements; and 

  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show 
and explain the Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial 
position of the Group and enable them to ensure that the Group financial statements comply with the 
Companies Act 2006 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.  They are also responsible for safeguarding 
the assets of the Group and, hence, for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities. 

Responsibility statements 
We confirm that to the best of our knowledge: 

the financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, 
give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of the Company and 
the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole; and 
the directors’ report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business 
and the position of the Company and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a 
whole, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face. 

By order of the Board 

Heidi Mottram  
Chief Executive Officer 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report to the members of Northumbrian Water 
Group Limited 

We have audited the financial statements of Northumbrian Water Group Limited for the year ended 
31 March 2012 which comprise the consolidated income statement, consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity, consolidated balance sheet, 
consolidated cash flow and related notes 1 to 29, and the parent Company balance sheet and related 
notes 1 to 10.  The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the 
group financial statements is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) 
as adopted by the European Union.  The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the 
preparation of the parent company financial statements is applicable law and United Kingdom 
Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of 
Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to 
the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for 
no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility 
to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditor 
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement, the directors are responsible for 
the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view.  
Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland).  Those standards require us 
to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors. 

Scope of the audit of the financial statements 
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements 
sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material 
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error.  This includes an assessment of: whether the 
accounting policies are appropriate to the group’s and the parent company’s circumstances and have 
been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting 
estimates made by the directors; and the overall presentation of the financial statements.  In addition, 
we read all the financial and non-financial information in the annual report to identify material 
inconsistencies with the audited financial statements.  If we become aware of any apparent material 
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report. 

Opinion on financial statements 
In our opinion: 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent 
company’s affairs as at 31 March 2012 and of the group’s profit for the year then ended; 
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union; 
the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with 
United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Separate opinion in relation to IFRSs as issued by the IASB 
As explained in Note 1 to the group financial statements, the group in addition to applying IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union, has also applied IFRSs as issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (IASB). 

In our opinion the group financial statements comply with IFRSs as issued by the IASB. 

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion the information given in the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires 
us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate 
for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and 
returns; or 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Paul Feechan (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of Deloitte LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor 
Newcastle upon Tyne 
5 October 2012 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated income statement 
For the year ended 31 March 2012 

Continuing operations 
Revenue 
Operating costs 
Profit on ordinary activities before interest 
Finance costs payable 
Finance income receivable 
Share of profit after tax of jointly controlled entities 
Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 
– current taxation 
– deferred taxation 
Profit for the year 
Attributable to: 
Equity shareholders of the parent Company 
Non-controlling interests 

Notes 

2 
3 
2 
7 
7 

2 
8 
8 

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 789.5  
 (458.5) 
 331.0  
 (189.2) 
 51.3  
 0.8  
 193.9  
 (30.8) 
 23.3  
 186.4  

 738.1  
 (433.9) 
 304.2  
 (178.8) 
 54.9  
 0.7  
 181.0  
 (33.1) 
 30.5  
 178.4  

 185.9  
 0.5  
 186.4  

 178.3  
 0.1  
 178.4  

33 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
For the year ended 31 March 2012 

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive income 
Actuarial (losses)/gains 
Losses on cash flow hedges taken to equity 
Translation differences 
Tax on items charged or credited to equity 
Total other comprehensive (loss)/gain 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Attributable to: 
Equity shareholders of the parent Company 
Non-controlling interests 

Notes 

25 

Year to 
Year to  31.3.2011 
restated 
£m 
 178.4  

31.3.2012 
£m 
 186.4  

 (83.5) 
 (22.5) 
 -  
 18.8  
 (87.2) 

 74.0  
 (4.0) 
 0.2  
 (22.2) 
 48.0  

 99.2  

 226.4  

 98.7  
 0.5  
 99.2  

 226.3  
 0.1  
 226.4  

34 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 
For the year ended 31 March 2012 

At 1 April 2010 
restated 

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive 
income 

Total comprehensive 
income and expense 
for the year 
Share-based payment 
Exercise of LTIP 
awards 

Deferred tax related 
to share-based 
payment 

Acquisition of non-
controlling interest in 
subsidiaries 
Equity dividends paid 
At 1 April 2011 
restated 

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive 
income 

Total comprehensive 
income and expense 
for the year 
Share-based payment 
Exercise of LTIP 
awards 
Equity dividends paid 
At 31 March 2012 

Equity 
share 
capital 
£m 

Share 
premium 
reserve 
£m 

Cash flow 
hedge 
reserve 
£m 

Treasury 
shares 
£m 

Currency 
translation 
£m 

Retained 
earnings 
£m 

Total 
equity 
£m 

Non-
controlling 
interests 
£m 

Total 
£m 

 51.9  

 446.5  

 (38.7) 

 (2.0) 

 0.7  

 (177.8) 

 280.6  

 2.8  

 283.4  

 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 (4.1) 

 (4.1) 
 -  

 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 178.3  

 178.3  

 0.1  

 178.4  

 0.2  

 51.9  

 48.0  

 -  

 48.0  

 0.2  
 -  

 230.2  
 0.1  

 226.3  
 0.1  

 0.1  
 -  

 -  

 226.4  
 0.1  

 -  

 -  

 0.3  

 -  

 (0.3) 

 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 0.1  

 0.1  

 -  

 0.1  

 -  
 -  

 0.6  
 (70.3) 

 0.6  
 (70.3) 

 (0.6) 
 -  

 -  
 (70.3) 

 51.9  

 446.5  

 (42.8) 

 (1.7) 

 0.9  

 (17.4) 

 437.4  

 2.3  

 439.7  

 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 -  

 -  

 (22.4) 

 -  
 -  

 (22.4) 
 -  

 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 185.9  

 185.9  

 0.5  

 186.4  

 -  

 (64.8) 

 (87.2) 

 -  

 (87.2) 

 -  
 -  

 121.1  
 1.1  

 98.7  
 1.1  

 -  
 -  
 51.9  

 -  
 -  
 446.5  

 -  
 -  
 (65.2) 

 1.7  
 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  
 0.9  

 (1.7) 
 (281.6) 
 (178.5) 

 -  
 (281.6) 
 255.6  

 0.5  
 -  

 -  
 (0.3) 
 2.5  

 99.2  
 1.1  

 -  
 (281.9) 
 258.1  

35 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Consolidated balance sheet 
As at 31 March 2012 

Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Investments in jointly controlled entities 
Financial assets 
Amounts receivable relating to consortium relief 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Short term cash deposits 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 
Non-current liabilities 
Interest bearing loans and borrowings 
Provisions 
Deferred income tax liabilities 
Hedging instruments 
Pension liability 
Other payables 
Grants and deferred income 

Current liabilities 
Interest bearing loans and borrowings 
Provisions 
Trade and other payables 
Hedging instruments 
Income tax payable 

Total liabilities 
Net assets 

Capital and reserves 
Issued capital 
Share premium reserve 
Cash flow hedge reserve 
Treasury shares 
Currency translation 
Retained earnings 
Equity shareholders’ funds 
Non-controlling interests 
Total capital and reserves 

Year to  
Year to  
Year to  31.3.2011   31.3.2010  
restated1  
restated1  
£m  
£m  

31.3.2012 
£m 

Notes 

10 
10 
11 
12 

13 
14 
15 
15 

17 
19 
8 
20 
25 

17 
19 
16 
20 

21 

 3.6  
 64.2  
 3,822.9  
 4.3  
 11.5  
 1.7  
 3,908.2  

 3.2  
 167.3  
 4.3  
 168.5  
 343.3  
 4,251.5  

 2,746.9  
 2.2  
 543.9  
 59.1  
 84.1  
 5.1  
 281.9  
 3,723.2  

 89.4  
 0.2  
 175.9  
 4.7  
 -  
 270.2  
 3,993.4  
 258.1  

 51.9  
 446.5  
 (65.2) 
 -  
 0.9  
 (178.5) 
 255.6  
 2.5  
 258.1  

 3.6   
 64.2   
 3,626.8   
 4.0   
 12.0   
 1.7   
 3,712.3   

 3.3   
 153.9   
 1.4   
 141.7   
 300.3   
 4,012.6   

 2,295.8   
 2.4   
 586.0   
 53.7   
 46.0   
 6.8   
 255.1   
 3,245.8   

 163.7   
 0.2   
 155.6   
 5.0   
 2.6   
 327.1   
 3,572.9   
 439.7   

 3.6   
 64.2   
 3,518.9   
 4.1   
 12.9   
 1.7   
 3,605.4   

 3.3   
 136.4   
 15.8   
 174.8   
 330.3   
 3,935.7   

 2,433.9   
 2.2   
 594.3   
 48.4   
 133.1   
 7.8   
 233.5   
 3,453.2   

 33.1   
 0.2   
 151.2   
 6.4   
 8.2   
 199.1   
 3,652.3   
 283.4   

 51.9   
 446.5   
 (42.8)  
 (1.7)  
 0.9   
 (17.4)  
 437.4   
 2.3   
 439.7   

 51.9   
 446.5   
 (38.7)  
 (2.0)  
 0.7   
 (177.8)  
 280.6   
 2.8   
 283.4   

1. The prior year balance sheets have been restated to reflect the recognition of an inflation hedge (see note 22).

Approved by the Board on 4 October 2012 and signed on its behalf by: 

Heidi Mottram 
Chief Executive Officer 

36 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
  
  
  
  
    
   
   
  
  
  
    
   
   
  
  
  
  
    
   
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
   
   
    
   
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
Consolidated cash flow statement 
For the year ended 31 March 2012 

Notes 

Operating activities 
Reconciliation of profit before interest to net cash flows from operating activities 
Profit on ordinary activities before interest 
Depreciation 
Other non-cash charges and credits 
Net credit for provisions, less payments 
Difference between pension contributions paid and amounts recognised in the income 
statement 
Decrease in inventories 
Increase in trade and other receivables 
Increase in trade and other payables 
Cash generated from operations 
Advanced contributions in respect of retirement benefits 
Interest paid 
Income taxes paid 
Net cash flows from operating activities 
Investing activities 
Interest received 
Capital grants received 
Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Dividends received from jointly controlled entities 
Short term cash deposits 
Maturity of investments 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Net cash flows from investing activities 
Financing activities 
New borrowings 
Settled hedge instrument 
Dividends paid to minority interests 
Dividends paid to equity shareholders 
Repayment of borrowings 
Payment of principal under hire purchase contracts and finance leases 
Acquisition of externally held loan stock issued by a subsidiary 
Net cash flows from financing activities 

Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at start of year 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 
Short term cash deposits 
Total cash, cash equivalents and short term cash deposits 

15 
15 

15 
15 

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 331.0  
 113.8  
 (5.6) 
 (0.2) 

 9.7  
 0.1  
 (11.5) 
 5.8  
 443.1  
 (47.1) 
 (123.2) 
 (37.2) 
 235.6  

 2.1  
 9.9  
 1.0  
 0.5  
 (2.9) 
 0.9  
 (273.3) 
 (261.8) 

 510.2  
 (17.5) 
 (0.3) 
 (281.6) 
 (150.6) 
 (7.2) 
 -  
 53.0  

 26.8  
 140.3  
 167.1  

 167.1  
 4.3  
 171.4  

 304.2  
 111.6  
 (8.9) 
 0.2  

 11.5  
 -  
 (14.7) 
 5.2  
 409.1  
 (22.4) 
 (116.1) 
 (38.7) 
 231.9  

 4.7  
 13.2  
 1.3  
 0.8  
 14.4  
 1.1  
 (202.9) 
 (167.4) 

 -  
 -  
 -  
 (70.3) 
 (19.5) 
 (7.3) 
 (0.4) 
 (97.5) 

 (33.0) 
 173.3  
 140.3  

 140.3  
 1.4  
 141.7  

37 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 

1. Accounting policies 
(a) Statement of compliance 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union 
as it applies to the financial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 March 2012 and in accordance with the 
Companies Act 2006. 

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which assumes that the Group will have adequate 
funding to meet its liabilities as they fall due in the foreseeable future.  As at 31 March 2012 the Group had net current 
assets of £73.1 million (2011 restated: net current liabilities of £26.8 million).  The directors have reviewed cash flow 
requirements, including reasonably possible changes in trading performance, and are confident that they will be able to 
meet these from funds available and existing financing facilities.  Accordingly, the directors believe it is appropriate to 
prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis. 

The Group is party to an inflation hedge which commenced in May 2004 as part of the issue of the Eurobonds due in 
January 2034.  The Group has not previously accounted for the fair value of this hedge instrument.  However, the 
directors have determined that the fair value should be recognised in the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with 
IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.  The impact of this change is explained in note 22. 

The directors consider the following accounting policies to be relevant in relation to the Group’s financial statements.  The 
financial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 March 2012 were authorised for issue by the Board of directors 
on 4 October 2012 and the balance sheet was signed on the Board’s behalf by Heidi Mottram (Chief Executive Officer). 

The Group has adopted the following standards and interpretations during the year: 

IAS 24 (revised), ‘Related party disclosures’ 
  Amendment to IFRS 1, ‘First time adoption’ 

IFRIC 19, ‘Extinguishing financial liabilities with equity investments’ 

  Amendment to IFRIC 14, ‘Prepayments of a minimum funding requirement’ 
  Annual improvements to IFRSs 2010 

The adoption of the standards and interpretations listed above does not have a material impact on the Group. 

Northumbrian Water Group Limited is a limited company incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. 

The Group financial statements are presented in sterling and all values are rounded to the nearest one hundred thousand 
pounds (£0.1 million) except where otherwise indicated. 

(b) Basis of consolidation 
The consolidated financial statements include the Company and its subsidiary undertakings.  The results of subsidiaries 
acquired during the period are included from the date of their acquisition.  The results of subsidiaries disposed of during 
the period are included to the date of their disposal.  Inter-segment sales and profits are eliminated fully on consolidation.  
Where, for commercial reasons, the accounting reference date of a subsidiary is a date other than that of the Company, 
management accounts made up to the Company’s accounting reference date have been used.  In accordance with SIC 
12 ‘Consolidation – Special Purpose Entities’, the financial statements of two companies are consolidated as special 
purpose entities, with effect from 12 May 2004, the date of the transaction which utilised these entities. 

Where necessary, adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies used under relevant local GAAP in the 
individual financial statements of the Company, subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities into line with those used by the 
Group under IFRS. 

Non-controlling interests represent the portion of profit or loss and net assets in subsidiaries that is not held by the Group 
and is presented within equity in the consolidated balance sheet, separately from parent shareholders’ equity. 

(c) Associates and jointly controlled entities  
Investments in associates and jointly controlled entities in the Group financial statements are accounted for using the 
equity method of accounting where the Group exercises significant influence over the associate.  Significant influence is 
generally presumed to exist where the Group’s effective ownership is 20% or more.  The Group’s share of the post tax 
profits less losses of associates and jointly controlled entities is included in the consolidated income statement and the 
carrying value in the balance sheet comprises the Group’s share of their net assets/liabilities less distributions received 
and any impairment losses.  Goodwill arising on the acquisition of associates and jointly controlled entities, representing 
the excess of the cost of investment compared to the Group’s share of net fair value of the associate’s identifiable assets, 
liabilities and contingent liabilities, is included in the carrying amount of the associate and is not amortised.  Financial 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
statements of jointly controlled entities and associates are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group.  Where 
necessary, adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies used into line with those of the Group to take into 
account fair values assigned at the date of acquisition and to reflect impairment losses where appropriate.  Adjustments 
are also made to the Group’s financial statements to eliminate the Group’s share of unrealised gains and losses on 
transactions between the Group and its jointly controlled entities and associates. 

(d) Goodwill 
Goodwill arising on the acquisition of subsidiary undertakings and businesses represents the excess of the fair value of 
the consideration given over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired.  Following initial recognition, 
goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.  Prior to 1 April 2004, goodwill was amortised over 
its estimated useful life; such amortisation ceased on 31 March 2004.  Goodwill relating to acquisitions since 1 April 2004 
is not amortised.  Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances 
indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.  For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the 
related cash-generating units monitored by management.  Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is 
less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, an impairment loss is recognised in the income statement.  The carrying 
amount of goodwill allocated to a cash-generating unit is taken into account when determining the gain or loss on 
disposal of the unit, or of an operation within it. 

(e) Intangible assets other than goodwill 
Other intangible fixed assets represent the right to receive income under the operating agreement with the Environment 
Agency in respect of the Kielder Water transfer scheme.  The value of this intangible asset has been assessed with 
reference to the net monies raised in accordance with the Kielder securitisation on 12 May 2004.  The term of the 
operating agreement is in perpetuity and, accordingly, no amortisation is provided.  The value of this intangible is 
assessed for impairment on an annual basis in accordance with IAS 36 ‘Impairment of Assets’. 

Expenditure on internally developed intangible assets, excluding development costs, is taken to the income statement in 
the year in which it is incurred.  Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are carried initially at cost.  An 
intangible asset acquired as part of a business combination is recognised outside goodwill if the asset is separable or 
arises from contractual or other legal rights and its fair value can be measured reliably.  Development expenditure is 
recognised as an intangible asset only after its technical feasibility and commercial viability can be demonstrated, the 
availability of adequate technical and financial resources and an intention to complete the project have been confirmed 
and the correlation between development costs and future revenues has been established. 

(f) Property, plant and equipment  
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation  
Property, plant and equipment, including assets in the course of construction, comprise infrastructure assets (being mains 
and sewers, impounding and pumped raw water storage reservoirs, dams, sludge pipelines and sea outfalls) and other 
assets (including properties, overground plant and equipment). 

Property, plant and equipment are included at cost less accumulated depreciation and any provision for impairment.  Cost 
comprises the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset and 
includes costs directly attributable to making the asset capable of operating as intended. 

Freehold land is not depreciated.  Other assets are depreciated evenly over their estimated economic lives, which are 
principally as follows: freehold buildings, 30-60 years; operational structures, plant and machinery, 4-92 years; 
infrastructure assets 13-200 years (see below); and fixtures, fittings, tools and equipment, 4-10 years.  

The carrying values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment if events or changes in circumstances 
indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable and are written down immediately to their recoverable amount.  Useful 
lives and residual values are reviewed annually and, where adjustments are required, these are made prospectively. 

Assets in the course of construction are not depreciated until commissioned. 

Infrastructure assets 
In the regulated water services business, infrastructure assets comprise a network of systems being mains and sewers, 
reservoirs, dams and sea outfalls. 

Infrastructure assets were measured at a date prior to transition to IFRS (23 May 2003) at their fair value, which was 
adopted as deemed historical cost on transition to IFRS.  The assets and liabilities were measured at fair value as a result 
of the acquisition on 23 May 2003. 

Expenditure on infrastructure assets which enhances the asset base is treated as fixed asset additions while 
maintenance expenditure which does not enhance the asset base is charged as an operating cost. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Infrastructure assets are depreciated evenly to their estimated residual values over their estimated economic lives, which 
are principally as follows: 

Dams and impounding reservoirs 
Water mains 
Sea outfalls 
Sewers  
Dedicated pipelines 

150 years 
100 years 
60 years 
200 years 
4-20 years 

(g) Financial assets 
Financial assets comprise loans to third parties recoverable in more than one year and include cash held on long term 
deposit as a guaranteed investment contract relating to the Kielder securitisation.  These assets are recognised at cost 
and are measured annually based on the ability of the borrower to repay.  Any impairment is taken to the income 
statement in the period in which it arises.  Loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective 
interest rate method.  The Group assesses at each balance sheet date whether a financial asset or group of financial 
assets is impaired. 

(h) Foreign currencies and foreign currency transactions 
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency by applying the spot exchange rate 
ruling at the date of the transaction.  Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-translated at 
the functional currency rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date.  The functional and presentational currency of 
Northumbrian Water Group Limited is United Kingdom sterling (£).  Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries and jointly 
controlled entities in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at rates of exchange ruling at the end of the financial 
period and the results of foreign subsidiaries are translated at the average rate of exchange for the period.  Differences 
on exchange arising from the re-translation of the opening net investment in subsidiary companies and jointly controlled 
entities, and from the translation of the results of those companies at average rate, are taken to equity.  All other foreign 
exchange differences are taken to the income statement in the period in which they arise. 

Unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates are not cash flows.  However, the 
effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents held or due in a foreign currency is reported in the cash 
flow statement in order to reconcile cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and the end of the period.  This amount is 
presented separately from cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, where material, and includes the 
differences, if any, had those cash flows been reported at end of period exchange rates. 

(i) Inventories  
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value.  Cost comprises direct materials and, where 
applicable, direct labour costs, as well as an element of overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to 
their present locations and condition. 

(j) Revenues  
Provision of services 
Revenue, which excludes value added tax, represents the fair value of the income receivable in the ordinary course of 
business for services provided.  Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow 
to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured. 

Revenue is not recognised until the services have been provided to the customer.  Revenue for services relates to the 
year, excluding any amounts paid in advance.  Revenue for measured water and waste water charges includes amounts 
billed plus an estimation of the amounts unbilled at the year end.  The accrual is estimated using a defined methodology 
based upon daily average water consumption, which is calculated based upon historical billing information. 

(k) Dividends 
Dividends payable and receivable are recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive the revenue is established. 

(l) Grants and contributions  
Grants are recognised at their fair value where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all 
attaching conditions will be complied with.  Revenue grants are credited to the income statement in the period to which 
they relate.  Capital grants and contributions relating to property, plant and equipment are treated as deferred income and 
amortised to the income statement over the expected useful economic lives of the related assets.  Deferred income 
relating to assets adopted from customers, recognised in accordance with IFRIC 18, is amortised to the income statement 
over the expected useful economic lives of the related assets. 

40 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(m) Leases  
Where assets are financed by leasing arrangements which transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to 
the Group, the assets are treated as if they had been purchased at their fair value or, if lower, at the present value of the 
minimum lease payments.  Rentals or leasing payments are treated as consisting of a capital element and finance 
charges, the capital element reducing the outstanding liability and the finance charges being charged to the income 
statement over the period of the leasing contract at a constant rate on the reducing outstanding liability. 

Rentals under operating leases (where the lessor retains a significant proportion of the risks and rewards of ownership) 
are expensed in the income statement on a straight line basis over the lease term. 

(n) Pensions and other post-employment benefits  
Defined benefit scheme 
The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit scheme is determined using the projected unit credit method, 
which attributes entitlement to benefits to the current period (to determine current service cost) and to the current and 
prior periods (to determine the present value of defined benefit obligation) and is based on actuarial advice.  Past service 
costs are recognised in the income statement on a straight line basis over the vesting period or immediately if the benefits 
have vested.  When a settlement (eliminating all obligations for benefits already accrued) or a curtailment (reducing future 
obligations as a result of a material reduction in the scheme membership or a reduction in future entitlement) occurs, the 
obligation and related plan assets are re-measured using current actuarial assumptions and the resultant gain or loss 
recognised in the income statement during the period in which the settlement or curtailment occurs. 

The interest element of the defined benefit cost represents the change in present value of scheme obligations resulting 
from the passage of time, and is determined by applying the discount rate to the opening present value of the benefit 
obligation, taking into account material changes in the obligation during the year.  The expected return on plan assets is 
based on an assessment made at the beginning of the year of long term market returns on scheme assets, adjusted for 
the effect on the fair value of plan assets of contributions received and benefits paid during the year. 

The service cost is disclosed in employment costs and the expected interest income and interest cost on obligations are 
disclosed within finance costs payable/(income receivable). 

Actuarial gains and losses on experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in full in the 
period in which they occur in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 

Defined contribution scheme 
The Group also operates a defined contribution scheme.  Obligations for contributions to the scheme are recognised as 
an expense in the income statement in the period in which they arise. 

(o) Share-based payments 
The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at the date at which they 
are granted and is recognised as an expense over the vesting period, which ends on the date on which the relevant 
employees become fully entitled to the award.  Fair value is determined by an external valuer using the Monte-Carlo 
simulation model.  In valuing equity-settled transactions, no account is taken of any vesting conditions, other than 
conditions linked to the price of the shares of the Company (market conditions) or those not related to performance or 
service (non-vesting conditions). 

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a 
market or non-vesting condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market or non-vesting 
condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance conditions are satisfied. 

At each balance sheet date before vesting, the cumulative expense is calculated, representing the extent to which the 
vesting period has expired, management’s best estimate of the achievement or otherwise of vesting conditions and the 
number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest or, in the case of an instrument subject to a market or non-vesting 
condition, be treated as vesting as described above.  This includes any award where non-vesting conditions within the 
control of the Group or the employee are not met.  The movement in cumulative expense since the previous balance 
sheet date is recognised in the income statement, with a corresponding entry in equity. 

Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified or a new award is designated as replacing a cancelled or settled 
award, the cost based on the original award terms continues to be recognised over the original vesting period.  In 
addition, an expense is recognised over the remainder of the new vesting period for the incremental fair value of any 
modification, based on the difference between the fair value of the original award and the fair value of the modified award, 
both as measured on the date of the modification.  No reduction is recognised if this difference is negative. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(p) Taxes 
Current tax 
Current tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered 
from, or paid to, the taxation authorities.  The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amounts are those that are 
enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. 

Deferred tax 
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax 
bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. 

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences except: 
  where the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or liability in a transaction 

that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable 
profit or loss; and 
in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in 
jointly controlled entities, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is 
probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and 
unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible 
temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised except: 
  where the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an 

asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither 
the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and 
in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in 
jointly controlled entities, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary 
differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary 
differences can be utilised. 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no 
longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.  
Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each balance sheet date and are recognised to the extent that it has 
become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is 
realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted, or substantively enacted, at 
the balance sheet date. 

Deferred tax is recognised in the income statement unless it relates to items accounted for outside profit or loss, in which 
case it is recognised in correlation with the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in 
equity. 

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets 
against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority. 

Value added tax 
Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of value added tax except: 
  where the value added tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, 

in which case the value added tax is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the 
expense item as applicable; and 
receivables and payables.  The net amount of value added tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority 
is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet. 

(q) Derivative financial instruments 
The Group utilises interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements and forward exchange contracts as derivative financial 
instruments. 

A derivative instrument is considered to be used for hedging purposes when it alters the risk profile of an underlying 
exposure of the Group in line with the Group’s risk management policies.  Interest rate swap agreements are used to 
manage interest rate exposures.  Derivative financial instruments are stated at their fair value. 

Under IAS 39, derivative financial instruments are always measured at fair value, with hedge accounting employed in 
respect of those derivatives fulfilling the stringent requirements for hedge accounting as prescribed under IAS 39.  In 
summary, these criteria relate to initial designation and documentation of the hedge relationship, prospective testing of 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the relationship to demonstrate the expectation that the hedge will be highly effective throughout its life and subsequent 
retrospective testing of the hedge to verify effectiveness. 

The fair value of forward exchange contracts is calculated by reference to current forward exchange rates for contracts 
with similar maturity profiles.  The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined by reference to market values for similar 
instruments. 

Hedging transactions undertaken by the Company are classified as either fair value hedges when they hedge the 
exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability; or cash flow hedges where they hedge exposure to 
variability in currency cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability 
or a forecast transaction. 

In relation to fair value hedges, which meet the conditions for hedge accounting, any gain or loss from re-measuring the 
hedging instrument at fair value is recognised immediately in profit or loss.  Any gain or loss on the hedged item 
attributable to the hedged risk is adjusted against the carrying amount of the hedged item and recognised in the income 
statement.  Where the adjustment is to the carrying amount of a hedged interest bearing financial instrument, the 
adjustment is amortised to the net profit and loss such that it is fully amortised by maturity. 

In relation to cash flow hedges to hedge firm currency commitments which meet the conditions for hedge accounting, the 
portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument that is determined to be an effective hedge is recognised directly in 
equity and the ineffective portion is recognised in the income statement. 

When the hedged firm commitment results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability then, at the 
time the asset or liability is recognised, the associated gains or losses that had previously been recognised in equity are 
included in the initial measurement of the acquisition cost or other carrying amount of the asset or liability.  For all other 
cash flow hedges, the gains or losses that are recognised in equity are transferred to the income statement in the same 
periods in which the hedged firm commitment affects the net profit and loss. 

For derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting, any gains or losses arising from changes in fair value are taken 
directly to the income statement. 

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer 
qualifies for hedge accounting.  At that point in time, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in 
equity is kept in equity until the forecast transaction occurs.  If a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, the 
net cumulative gain or loss recognised in equity is transferred to the income statement. 

(r) Interest bearing loans and borrowings 
All loans and borrowings are initially stated at the amount of the net proceeds, being fair value of the consideration 
received net of issue costs associated with the borrowing.  Finance costs (including issue costs) are taken to the income 
statement over the term of the debt at a constant rate on the balance sheet carrying amount.  The carrying amount is 
increased by the finance charges amortised and reduced by payments made in respect of the accounting period.  The 
carrying amount of index linked borrowings increases annually in line with the July RPI, with the accretion being charged 
to the income statement as finance costs payable.  Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense when incurred. 

Loans and borrowings acquired at acquisition are restated to fair value.  The adjustment arising on acquisition is 
amortised to the income statement on the basis of the maturity profile of each instrument.  Realised gains and losses that 
occur from the early termination of loans and borrowings are taken to the income statement in that period. 

Net debt is the sum of all current and non-current liabilities less cash and cash equivalents, short term cash deposits, 
financial investments and loans receivable. 

(s) Borrowing costs 
Borrowing costs are generally expensed as incurred.  Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or 
construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial time to prepare for its intended use are capitalised while the 
asset is being constructed as part of the cost of that asset. 

Capitalisation ceases when the asset is substantially ready for its intended use or sale.  If active development is 
interrupted for an extended period, capitalisation is suspended.  When construction occurs piecemeal, and use of each 
part ceases upon substantial completion of that part, a weighted average cost of borrowings is used. 

The Group capitalises borrowing costs for all eligible assets when construction commenced on or after 1 April 2009 and 
continues to expense borrowing costs relating to construction projects that commenced prior to that date. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
(t) Loans and receivables 
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an 
active market, do not qualify as trading assets and have not been designated as either fair value through profit and loss or 
available for sale.  Gains and losses are recognised in income when the investments are de-recognised or impaired, as 
well as through the amortisation process. 

(u) Cash and cash equivalents and short term cash deposits 
Cash and cash equivalents disclosed in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short term deposits 
with a maturity on acquisition of three months or less, which are held for the purpose of meeting short term cash 
commitments rather than for investment or other purposes.  Cash equivalents are readily convertible to a known amount 
of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. 

Short term cash deposits disclosed in the balance sheet comprise cash deposited with a maturity of greater than three 
months on acquisition, a fixed interest rate and which do not constitute cash equivalents under IAS 7 ‘Statement of Cash 
Flows’. 

For the purpose of the consolidated cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents are as defined above, net of 
outstanding bank overdrafts. 

(v) Trade and other receivables 
Trade receivables are recognised and carried at original invoice amount less an allowance for any uncollectable amounts. 
Invoices for unmeasured water and waste water charges are due on fixed dates; other receivables generally have 30 day 
payment terms.  An estimate for doubtful debts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable.  Bad 
debts are written off when identified.  Trade and other receivables do not carry any interest. 

(w) Investments 
Investments are initially recorded at the fair value of the consideration given including the acquisition charges associated 
with the investment.  Subsequent to initial recognition, they are valued at original cost less any impairment. 

(x) Provisions 
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is 
probable that an outflow of resources will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the 
obligation. 

(y) Impairment of assets 
The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired.  If any such 
indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group makes an estimate of the asset’s 
recoverable amount.  An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s fair value less 
costs to sell and its value in use and is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash 
inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets.  Where the carrying amount of an 
asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.  In 
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.  Impairment 
losses on continuing operations are recognised in the income statement in those expense categories consistent with the 
function of the impaired asset. 

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised 
impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased.  If such indication exists the recoverable amount is 
estimated.  A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to 
determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised.  If that is the case the carrying 
amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount.  That increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount 
that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior 
years.  Such reversal is recognised in the income statement unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, in which case 
the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.  After such a reversal the depreciation charge is adjusted in future 
periods to allocate the asset’s revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining 
useful life. 

(z) De-recognition of financial assets and liabilities 
A financial asset or liability is generally de-recognised when the contract that gives rise to it is settled, sold, cancelled or 
expires. 

Where an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the 
terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a de-recognition of 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, such that the difference in the respective carrying amounts 
together with any costs or fees incurred are recognised in the income statement. 

(aa) Accounting standards 
The  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Interpretation  Committee  (IFRIC) 
have issued the following standards and interpretations with an effective date after the date of these financial statements: 

International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRS) 
IFRS 1: Amendment to IFRS 1 - First time adoption 
IFRS 7: Amendment to IFRS 7 - Financial instruments: Disclosures 
IFRS 9: Financial instruments: classification and measurement 
IFRS10: Consolidated financial statements 
IFRS11: Joint arrangements 
IFRS12: Disclosures of interests in other entities 
IFRS13: Fair value measurement 
IAS 1: Amendment to IAS 1 - Financial statement presentation 
IAS 12: Amendment to IAS 12 - Income taxes 
IAS 19: Amendment to IAS 19 - Employee benefits 
IAS 27 (revised 2011): Separate financial statements 
IAS 28 (revised 2011): Associates and joint ventures 
IAS 32: Amendment to IAS 32 - Financial instruments: Presentation 

IFRIC 
IFRIC 20: Stripping costs in the production phase of a surface mine 

Effective for accounting periods 
beginning on or after: 
1.7.2011; 1.1.2013 
1.7.2011; 1.1.2013 
1.1.2015 
1.1.2013 
1.1.2013 
1.1.2013 
1.1.2013 
1.7.2012 
1.1.2012 
1.7.2012 
1.1.2013 
1.1.2013 
1.1.2013 

Effective for accounting periods 
beginning on or after: 
1.1.2013 

(ab) Key assumptions 
The directors consider that the key assumptions applied at the balance sheet date, which may have a significant risk of 
causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are: 

those assumptions used in arriving at the pension asset/liability under IAS 19.  These key assumptions and their 
possible impact are disclosed in note 25, ‘Pensions and other post-retirement benefits’; 
the bad debt provision which is calculated by applying a range of percentages to debt of different ages.  These 
percentages also vary between different categories of debt.  Higher percentages are applied to those categories of 
debt which are considered to be of greater risk and also to debt of greater age.  The value of the bad debt provision is 
sensitive to the specific percentages applied; and 
the asset lives assigned to property, plant and equipment, details of which can be found in note 1(f). 

2. Segmental analysis 
For management purposes, the Group is organised into business units according to the nature of its products and 
services and has three reportable operating segments.  The trading of the business is principally carried out within the 
UK.  Profit is measured at profit on ordinary activities before interest. 

Northumbrian Water Limited 
NWL is one of the ten regulated water and sewerage businesses in England and Wales.  NWL operates in the north east 
of England, where it trades as Northumbrian Water, and in the south east of England, where it trades as Essex & Suffolk 
Water.  NWL also has non-regulated activities closely related to its principal regulated activity. 

Water and waste water contracts 
NWG owns a number of special purpose companies for specific water and waste water contracts in Scotland, Ireland and 
Gibraltar. 

Other 
Agrer provides overseas aid funded project work in developing countries through a number of funding agencies.  Central 
unallocated costs and provisions are also included in this segment. 

Transfer prices between business segments are set on an arm’s length basis in a manner similar to transactions with third 
parties.  Segment revenue, segment expense and segment result include transfers between business segments.  Those 
transfers are eliminated on consolidation. 

45 

 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
  
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue 

Year ended 31 March 2012 
Segment revenue 
Inter-segment revenue 
Revenue from external customers 

Year ended 31 March 2011 
Segment revenue 
Inter-segment revenue 
Revenue from external customers 

Profit on ordinary activities before interest 

Year ended 31 March 2012 
Segment profit on ordinary activities before interest 
Net finance costs 
Share of profit from jointly controlled entities 
Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 
Taxation 
Profit for the year from continuing operations 

Year ended 31 March 2011 
Segment profit on ordinary activities before interest 
Net finance costs 
Share of profit from jointly controlled entities 
Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 
Taxation 
Profit for the year from continuing operations 

Assets and liabilities 

Northumbrian 

Water and 
Water  waste water 
contracts 
£m 

Limited 
£m 

 737.4  
 -  
 737.4  

 689.4  
 -  
 689.4  

 42.1  
 -  
 42.1  

 40.0  
 -  
 40.0  

Northumbrian 

Water and 
Water  waste water 
contracts 
£m 

Limited 
£m 

Other 
£m 

 16.1  
 (6.1) 
 10.0  

 14.1  
 (5.4) 
 8.7  

Total 
£m 

 795.6  
 (6.1) 
 789.5  

 743.5  
 (5.4) 
 738.1  

Other 
£m 

Total 
£m 

 338.8  

 10.0  

 (17.8) 

 297.6  

 9.5  

 (2.9) 

 331.0  
 (137.9) 
 0.8  
 193.9  
 (7.5) 
 186.4  

 304.2  
 (123.9) 
 0.7  
 181.0  
 (2.6) 
 178.4  

Northumbrian 
Water Limited 

Water and waste 
water contracts 

Other 

Total 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011  31.3.2012  31.3.2011  31.3.2012  31.3.2011  31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 4,012.6  
 3,536.7  

£m 
 3,929.5  
 495.3  

£m 
 212.1  
 3,427.8  

£m 
 4,251.5  
 3,939.0  

£m 
 179.4  
 3,096.4  

£m 
 3,709.6  
 422.3  

£m 
 109.9  
 15.9  

£m 
 123.6  
 18.0  

Segment assets 
Segment liabilities 

Other comprises taxation, interest and net debt. 

Property, plant and equipment additions 
Depreciation 

Northumbrian 
Water Limited 

Water and waste 
water contracts 
   31.3.2012  31.3.2011  31.3.2012  31.3.2011  31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 219.9  
 111.6  

£m 
 308.2  
 107.1  

£m 
 310.2  
 113.8  

£m 
 219.6  
 105.8  

£m 
 2.0  
 6.7  

£m 
 0.3  
 5.8  

Total 

Geographical information 
Revenue from external customers from the UK was £762.9 million (2011: £714.8 million).  Revenue from other countries 
was £26.6 million (2011: £23.3 million). 

Non-current assets for operations in the UK were £3,896.5 million (2011: £3,700.7 million).  Non-current assets for 
operations in other countries were £11.7 million (2011: £11.6 million). 

46 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
3. Operating costs 

Materials and consumables 
Manpower costs (see note 6) 
Own work capitalised 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Amortisation of capital grants 
Costs of research and development 
Operating lease payments 
Bad debt charge 
Other operating costs 
Operating costs 

4. Auditor’s remuneration  

Audit of the financial statements1  
Other fees to auditors:  
Other services  

Note: 
1.  £8,000 of this relates to the Company (2011: £97,000). 

5. Directors’ Emoluments 

(a)  Directors’ remuneration 

The remuneration of the directors of the Company was as follows: 

Emoluments (including benefits in kind) 

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 25.6  
 110.6  
 (28.7) 
 111.6  
 (0.9) 
 (4.6) 
 2.3  
 1.2  
 17.8  
 199.0  
 433.9  

£m 
 24.8  
 115.6  
 (28.3) 
 113.8  
 (0.7) 
 (4.8) 
 1.1  
 1.1  
 6.4  
 229.5  
 458.5  

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 0.3  

£m 
 0.2  

 0.2  

 0.1  

Year to 
31.3.2012 
£000 
1,470  

Year to 
31.3.2011 
£000 
1,292  

One of the directors at 31 March 2012 was a member of a defined benefit pension scheme where the Company makes 
contributions towards the cost (2011: 1).  

One of the directors at 31 March 2012 was a member of a defined contribution scheme where the Company makes 
contributions towards the cost (2011: 1). 

Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) 
Prior to the change of control and de-listing, the company operated a share based Long Term Incentive Plan.  Awards 
under the LTIP had three year pre-vesting performance conditions.  Before the change of control, the Remuneration 
Committee determined the extent to which the performance conditions had been met and the proportion of the 
performance period that had elapsed in deciding upon how many shares of the remaining three awards would vest.  
These shares were transferred to individuals, at market value, on 11 October 2011.  The Company was de-listed on 14 
October 2011. 

The directors who held office as at 31 March 2012 held the following conditional interests in the ordinary 10p shares of 
the company, awarded in accordance with the terms of its LTIP: 

47 

 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
   
   
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Heidi Mottram 

Totals 

Chris Green 

Totals 

    Awards 
held at the 
start 

Awarded 
during 

Awards 
lapsed 
during 

Awards 
vested 
during 

Awards 
held as at  

Award 
date 
8.12.2010   3  

   of the year 
 96,212  

the year 
 -  

the year 
 11,844  

the year 
 84,368  

   31.3.2012 
 -  

 96,212  

 -  

 11,844  

 84,368  

15.12.200

8   1  
4.1.2010   2  
8.12.2010   3  

 78,650  
 83,240  
 68,551  
     230,441  

 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  

 39,325  
 18,904  
 8,439  
 66,668  

 39,325  
 64,336  
 60,112  
 163,773  

 -  

 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  

Notes: 
1.  The market value of the shares on the date of the award was 251.50 pence per share.  Due to the change of control, the 

performance period ran from 1 October 2008 to 23 September 2011. 

2.  The market value of the shares on the date of the award was 272.50 pence per share.  Due to the change of control, the 

performance period ran from 1 October 2009 to 23 September 2011. 

3.  The market value of the shares on the date of the award was 328.70 pence per share.  Due to the change of control, the 

performance period ran from 1 October 2010 to 23 September 2011. 

4.  The cost of conditional awards is charged to the profit and loss account over the performance period to which they relate after 

taking account of the probability of performance criteria being met.  In the year, £1.1 million was charged to the income statement 
(2011: £0.1 million). 

5.  The market price of the shares on 11 October 2011 was 464.40 pence per share.   
6.  Aggregate gross gains made by directors on exercise of awards at date of vesting was £1,152,367 (2011: £99,915). 
7.  Details of the performance conditions are shown below. 

Details of awards and performance conditions are shown below: 

LTIP award made 15 December 2008 

Maximum award 

Performance conditions 

Vesting schedules 

100% of salary permitted and actual grants to executive directors related to shares worth 
100% of salary. 

(1) 50% of award depends on NWL’s return on capital employed (ROCE) relative to that of 
the other water and sewerage companies of England and Wales. 

(2)  50%  of  award  depends  on  the  Company’s  TSR  performance  against  the  FTSE  250 
Index, excluding investment trusts. 

(1) 30% vests at median performance.  At upper quartile or above, all of this element of the 
award will vest.  Between median and upper quartile, straight line pro-rating will apply. 
Where the return on capital employed performance is below the median, none of this 
element of the award will vest. 

(2) 30% vests at median performance with straight line pro-rating of TSR performance 
against the members of the FTSE 250 Index, excluding investment trusts, to 100% for 
upper quartile performance.  Where the Company’s TSR performance is below the median, 
none of this element of the award will vest. 

LTIP awards made 4 January 2010 and 8 December 2010 

Maximum award 

Performance conditions 

100% of salary permitted and actual grants to executive directors related to shares worth 
100% of salary. 

(1) 50% of award depends on the Company's relative TSR against the FTSE 250 excluding 
investment trusts and companies in the following sectors: banks, financial services, life 
insurance, non-life insurance, real estate investment and services and real estate 
investment trusts, oil and gas producers and oil equipment and services.  In addition, 
awards will only vest if the Committee is satisfied that the Company’s TSR performance is 
consistent with the underlying business performance of the Company. 

(2) 20% of award depends on NWL's average ROCE over the three financial years starting 
from 1 April immediately preceding grant date. 

48 

 
  
  
   
  
   
  
  
     
  
  
  
     
  
   
   
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
LTIP awards made 4 January 2010 and 8 December 2010 (continued) 

Performance conditions (continued) 

Vesting schedules 

(3) 20% of the award depends on performance against Ofwat serviceability targets for the 
four asset classes (i.e. water non-infrastructure, water infrastructure, sewerage non-
infrastructure and sewerage infrastructure) in the final year of the relevant three year 
performance period.  Serviceability is measured by Ofwat based on a number of indicators 
which include asset performance indicators, water quality compliance, environmental 
compliance and consumer service. 

(4) 10% of award depends on the results of NWL’s independently run customer satisfaction 
index, measured as the average score for the surveys carried out during the relevant three 
year performance period. 

(1) 30% vests for median performance increasing on a straight line so that 100% vests for 
upper quartile performance. 

(2) 30% vests for average three year ROCE of 6.3%, increasing on a straight line so that 
50% will vest for average three year ROCE of 6.45% and 100% will vest for an average 
ROCE of 6.75%. 

(3) 50% vest for 'stable' assessments in three out of the four asset classes.  100% of this  
will vest for 'stable' assessments in all four asset classes. No awards would vest under this 
part of an award for less than three 'stable' assessments. 

(4) 30% will vest for a customer satisfaction index of 83%, increasing on a straight line so 
that 100% will vest for a customer satisfaction index of 93% or above. 

New LTIP 
After the change of control, a new cash-based LTIP was introduced with effect from 1 January 2012.  The new LTIP 
targets relate to financial performance, SIM (customer services performance) and serviceability (asset performance).  
Payments which are approved by the Remuneration Committee will be paid three years after the start of the performance 
period.   

Share Incentive Plan (SIP) 
Prior to the change of control and de-listing, the company operated a SIP that provided one free matching share for every 
three shares purchased by an employee.  The SIP closed in October 2011 following the change of control of NWG and 
the participants received cash consideration for both purchased and matching shares. 

The directors who held office as at 31 March 2012 had the following interests in the ordinary 10 pence shares of the 
Company, purchased and held in accordance with the terms of the SIP: 

Heidi Mottram 
Chris Green 

Number of SIP 
shares held at 
the start of the 
year 
 606     
 6,372     

 1  

Number of 
SIP shares 
held as at 
31.3.20121  
 -   
 -   

Notes: 
1.  These figures include the shares paid for by the participant and the free shares granted by the Company. 

(b) Highest paid director 

The amounts for remuneration shown in note 5(a) include the following in respect of the highest paid director: 

Emoluments (including benefits in kind) 

Year to 
31.3.12 
£000 
595  

Year to 
31.3.11 
£000 
526  

In 2011/12, the  highest paid director  was a member of the  defined contribution  scheme.  During the  year the company 
made payments to that scheme of £64,099 (2011: £43,600). 

49 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
6. Employee information 
The total employment costs of all employees (including directors) of the Group were: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Defined benefit pension service cost (see note 25) 
Other pension costs 
Total employment costs 

Total employment costs were charged as follows: 
Capital schemes and infrastructure renewals 
Manpower costs 

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 87.6  
 7.3  
 13.9  
 1.8  
 110.6  

£m 
 93.0  
 7.9  
 12.8  
 1.9  
 115.6  

 28.3  
 87.3  
 115.6  

 25.4  
 85.2  
 110.6  

Included in wages and salaries is a total expense of share-based payments of £0.4 million (2011: £0.4 million) which 
arises from transactions accounted for as equity-settled share-based payments. 

The average monthly number of employees of the Group during the year was: 

Northumbrian Water Limited 
Water and waste water contracts 
Other 

7. Finance costs payable/(income receivable) 

Finance costs payable on debentures, bank and other loans and overdrafts 
Amortisation of discount, fees, loan issue costs and other financing items 
Capitalisation of interest 
Accretion on index linked bonds 
Interest cost on pension plan obligations 
Finance costs payable on hire purchase contracts and finance leases 
Total finance costs payable 
Expected return on pension plan assets 
Finance income receivable 
Acquisition of CES loan stock 
Finance lease termination discount 
Net finance costs payable 

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
Number 
 2,875  
 132  
 24  
 3,031  

Number 
 2,894  
 156  
 26  
 3,076  

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 112.9  
 (2.5) 
 (1.9) 
 21.9  
 43.3  
 5.1  
 178.8  
 (45.5) 
 (1.9) 
 (4.6) 
 (2.9) 
 123.9  

£m 
 124.9  
 (2.8) 
 (3.2) 
 23.8  
 41.3  
 5.2  
 189.2  
 (49.3) 
 (2.0) 
 -  
 -  
 137.9  

During the prior year, the Group acquired the subordinated loan stock issued by CES from an external party.  This was 
acquired at below book value leading to a gain of £4.6 million.  In addition, the Group transferred a finance lease to a new 
counterparty with a termination discount valued at £2.9 million. 

50 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
8. Taxation 
(a) Tax on profit on ordinary activities 

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

Current tax: 
Current income tax charge at 26% (2011: 28%) 
Income tax recycled from equity on cash flow hedges 
Adjustment in respect of prior periods 
UK corporation tax 
Overseas tax 
Total current tax 
Deferred tax: 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences in the year at 24% (2011: 26%) 
Effect of changes in tax rates and laws: 
 – Impact of reduction in rate of UK corporation tax 
Adjustment in respect of prior periods 
Total deferred tax (credit)/charge 

Tax charge in the income statement 

 31.2  
 -  
 (0.6) 
 30.6  
 0.2  
 30.8  

 42.3  
 0.1  
 (9.5) 
 32.9  
 0.2  
 33.1  

 19.5  

 9.0  

 (47.5) 
 4.7  
 (23.3) 

 (46.3) 
 6.8  
 (30.5) 

 7.5  

 2.6  

The rate of UK corporation tax was reduced from 26% to 25% by the Finance Act 2011 with effect from 1 April 2012.  The 
rate was further reduced to 24%, with effect from the same date, on the passing of a resolution under the Provisional 
Collection of Taxes Act 1968 on 26 March 2012 at which point the new rate was substantively enacted.  As a result, 
deferred tax was re-measured at the rate at which timing differences are expected to reverse.  Adjustments in respect of 
prior periods arise from revisions to UK tax returns. 

(b) Tax relating to items charged or credited outside of profit or loss 

Current tax: 
Current tax recycled to income statement on cash flow hedges 

Deferred tax: 
Actuarial gains and losses on pension schemes 
Hedging instruments 
Impact of reduction in rate of UK corporation tax 
Tax charge in the statement of comprehensive income 

Deferred tax: 
Share-based payment 
Tax credit in the statement of changes in equity 

Year to 
Year to  31.3.2011 
restated 
£m 

31.3.2012 
£m 

 -  

 (0.1) 

 (20.0) 
 (1.3) 
 2.4  
 (18.9) 

 19.4  
 (1.0) 
 3.9  
 22.2  

 0.1  
 0.1  

 (0.1) 
 (0.1) 

51 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
(c) Reconciliation of the total tax charge 

Accounting profit before tax 
Accounting profit multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax (26%; 2011: 28%) 
Effects of: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Depreciation in respect of non-qualifying items 
Non-taxable income and enhanced tax reliefs 
Non-taxable amortisation of financing items 
Adjustment to tax charge in respect of prior periods 
Other 

Effect of changes in tax rates and laws: 
 – Impact of rate reduction on opening deferred tax 
 – Impact of rate reduction on movement in deferred tax 
Total tax expense reported in the income statement 

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 181.0  
 50.7  

£m 
 193.9  
 50.4  

 2.6  
 1.8  
 (1.0) 
 (1.3) 
 4.1  
 -  
 56.6  

 2.1  
 1.1  
 -  
 (1.4) 
 (2.7) 
 (0.2) 
 49.6  

 (47.5) 
 (1.6) 
 7.5  

 (46.3) 
 (0.7) 
 2.6  

The effective tax rate for the year to 31 March 2012 was 3.9% (2011: 1.4%).  The increase of 2.5% is mainly due to prior 
year items.  In the absence of the rate change and prior year items, the effective rate would have been 26%. 

(d) Deferred tax 
The movements in deferred tax liabilities/(assets) are as follows: 

Accelerated 
tax 
depreciation 
£m 
 686.9  

Deferred 

income  Tax losses 
£m 
 (5.7) 

£m 
 (60.2) 

Retirement 
benefit 
obligations 
£m 
 (38.1) 

Fair value 
hedging 
instruments 
£m 
 (15.3) 

Business 
combinations 
£m 
 10.9  

Other 
£m 
 15.8  

Total 
£m 
 594.3  

 (43.5) 

 13.8  

 0.2  

 (0.4) 

 -  

 (1.0) 

 0.4  

 (30.5) 

 -  

 -  

 -  

 22.1  

 0.1  

 -  

 0.1  

 22.3  

 -  
 643.4  

 -  
 (46.4) 

 -  
 (5.5) 

 -  
 (16.4) 

 -  
 (15.2) 

 -  
 9.9  

 (0.1) 
 16.2  

 (0.1) 
 586.0  

 (42.4) 

 3.2  

 3.6  

 12.1  

 -  

 (0.9) 

 1.1  

 (23.3) 

 -  

 -  

 -  

 (18.8) 

 (0.1) 

 -  

 -  

 (18.9) 

 -  
 601.0  

 -  
 (43.2) 

 -  
 (1.9) 

 -  
 (23.1) 

 -  
 (15.3) 

 -  
 9.0  

 0.1  
 17.4  

 0.1  
 543.9  

At 1 April 2010 restated 
Charge/(credit) in the 
income statement 
Charge/(credit) in other 
comprehensive income 
Reported in equity on 
cash flow hedges 
At 1 April 2011 restated 
Charge/(credit) in the 
income statement 
Charge in other 
comprehensive income 
Reported in equity on 
share-based payment 
At 31 March 2012 

The Group has tax losses of £5.3 million (2011: £7.0 million) which have arisen in its Gibraltar subsidiary for which a 
deferred tax asset has not been recognised as they may not be used to offset taxable profits elsewhere in the Group and 
it is not expected that the subsidiary will utilise significant amounts in the foreseeable future.  The losses are, however, 
available for offset against future taxable profits arising in the subsidiary without time limit. 

The rate of UK corporation tax was reduced to 23% with effect from 1 April 2013 by Finance Act 2012.  Had that rate 
applied in 2011/12 the closing deferred tax liability would have been reduced by £22.7 million to £521.2 million. 

(e) Factors that may affect future tax charges 
The Government has stated its intention to reduce the UK rate of corporation tax to 22% by 1 April 2014.  Had that rate 
applied in 2011/12 the closing deferred tax liability would have been reduced by £45.3 million to £498.6 million and the 
current year’s corporation tax charge would have been reduced by £4.8 million to £26.4 million. 

The Group expects to continue to incur high levels of capital expenditure during NWL’s 2010-15 regulatory period and be 
able to claim tax reliefs in excess of depreciation.  However, capital allowances will be claimed at a slower rate in future 

52 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
following the reduction in rates from 20% to 18% (general plant pool) and from 10% to 8% (special rate pool) with effect 
from 1 April 2012. 

9. Dividends paid and proposed 

Year to 

Year to 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

Declared and paid during the year: 
Equity dividends on ordinary shares: 
Final dividend for 2010/11: 9.57 pence (2009/10: 8.85 pence) 
Interim dividend for 2011/12: nil (2010/11: 4.72 pence) 
Special dividend for 2011/12: 44.73 pence (2010/11: nil) 
Dividends paid 

Proposed for approval by shareholders at the AGM: 
Final dividend for 2011/12: nil (2010/11: 9.57 pence) 

10. Intangible assets 

Cost: 
At 1 April 2010, 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2012 
Impairment: 
At 1 April 2010, 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2012 
Net book value at 31 March 2012 
Net book value at 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2011 

 49.6  
 -  
 232.0  
 281.6  

 45.8  
 24.5  
 -  
 70.3  

 -  

 49.6  

Goodwill 
£m 

Other 
£m 

Total 
£m 

 3.8  

 64.2  

 68.0  

 (0.2) 
 3.6  
 3.6  

 -  
 64.2  
 64.2  

 (0.2) 
 67.8  
 67.8  

As from 1 April 2004, the date of transition to IFRS, goodwill is no longer amortised but is now subject to an annual 
impairment review. 

Goodwill has been allocated to the water and waste water cash-generating unit and the other intangible asset has been 
allocated to the Northumbrian Water Limited cash-generating unit, which are also the operating segments.  

The other intangible asset represents the right in perpetuity to receive income under the operating agreement with the 
Environment Agency in respect of the Kielder Water transfer scheme and, therefore, the directors consider the asset has 
an indefinite life.  Accordingly, future cash flows, which increase in line with inflation, have been discounted at a rate of 
5.36% in perpetuity. This represents a long term nominal gilt yield and an assumed credit spread.  This calculation 
satisfied the Group that the carrying value at 31 March 2012 had not been impaired.  Furthermore, it is improbable that 
the discount rate would increase to such a level that the carrying value would be impaired. 

53 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
11. Property, plant and equipment 

Cost: 
At 1 April 2010 
Additions 
Schemes commissioned 
Reclassifications 
Disposals 
At 1 April 2011 
Additions 
Schemes commissioned 
Reclassifications 
Disposals 
At 31 March 2012 
Depreciation: 
At 1 April 2010 
Charge for the year 
Reclassifications 
Disposals 
At 1 April 2011 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
At 31 March 2012 
Net book value at 31 March 2012 
Net book value at 31 March 2011 
Net book value at 1 April 2010 

Freehold 
land and 
buildings 
£m 

Infrastructure   

assets 
£m 

Operational 
structures, 
plant and 
machinery 
£m 

Fixtures, 
fittings, tools 
and 
equipment 
£m 

Assets in the 
course of 
construction 
£m 

 115.6  
 -  
 3.7  
 2.8  
 (0.5) 
 121.6  
 0.1  
 0.5  
 -  
 -  
 122.2  

 36.0  
 2.2  
 -  
 -  
 38.2  
 2.3  
 -  
 40.5  
 81.7  
 83.4  
 79.6  

 1,811.7  
 14.5  
 76.3  
 -  
 (6.8) 
 1,895.7  
 13.2  
 119.8  
 (0.1) 
 (7.5) 
 2,021.1  

 99.9  
 25.2  
 -  
 (6.8) 
 118.3  
 24.3  
 (7.5) 
 135.1  
 1,886.0  
 1,777.4  
 1,711.8  

 2,254.3  
 1.2  
 73.7  
 (2.5) 
 (2.4) 
 2,324.3  
 3.5  
 92.9  
 0.1  
 (2.4) 
 2,418.4  

 709.4  
 72.8  
 (0.3) 
 (2.5) 
 779.4  
 75.8  
 (2.1) 
 853.1  
 1,565.3  
 1,544.9  
 1,544.9  

 208.1  
 0.4  
 13.1  
 (0.3) 
 -  
 221.3  
 0.6  
 11.6  
 -  
 -  
 233.5  

 136.9  
 11.4  
 0.3  
 -  
 148.6  
 11.4  
 -  
 160.0  
 73.5  
 72.7  
 71.2  

 111.4  
 203.8  
 (166.8) 
 -  
 -  
 148.4  
 292.8  
 (224.8) 
 -  
 -  
 216.4  

 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 216.4  
 148.4  
 111.4  

Total 
£m 

 4,501.1  
 219.9  
 -  
 -  
 (9.7) 
 4,711.3  
 310.2  
 -  
 -  
 (9.9) 
 5,011.6  

 982.2  
 111.6  
 -  
 (9.3) 
 1,084.5  
 113.8  
 (9.6) 
 1,188.7  
 3,822.9  
 3,626.8  
 3,518.9  

Operational structures, plant and machinery include an element of land and buildings dedicated to those assets.  The 
Group has applied IAS 23 Borrowing Costs (Revised) in the year and has capitalised £3.2 million for the year to 31 March 
2012 (2011: £1.9 million).  The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for 
capitalisation was 5.96% (2011: 5.96%). 

It is not possible to separately identify the value of all land assets. 

The net book value of property, plant and equipment held under hire purchase contracts and finance leases was as 
follows: 

Infrastructure assets 
Operational structures, plant and machinery 

12. Investments 

Investments in jointly controlled entities 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 47.3  
 22.0  
 69.3  

£m 
 46.8  
 21.8  
 68.6  

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 4.0  

£m 
 4.3  

(a) Investments in jointly controlled entities 
The Group, through Northumbrian Services Limited, holds 50% of the nominal value of issued ordinary £1 shares in 
Vehicle Lease and Service Limited (VLS), the Group’s principal jointly controlled entity.  VLS was incorporated in England 
and Wales and undertakes the business of hiring, leasing and servicing of vehicles and plant. 

The Group, through Agrer, also holds a 50% interest in Agreco, a jointly controlled entity incorporated in Belgium. 

54 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Revenue 
Operating costs 
Profit on ordinary activities before interest 
Finance costs payable 
Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 
Current taxation 
Profit for the year 

Non-current assets 
Current assets 
Share of gross assets 
Current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Share of gross liabilities 
Share of net assets 

VLS 

VLS 

Agreco 

Agreco 
31.3.2012  31.3.2012  31.3.2011  31.3.2011 
£m 
 3.2  
 (2.9) 
 0.3  
 -  
 0.3  
 -  
 0.3  

£m 
 3.3  
 (2.9) 
 0.4  
 -  
 0.4  
 -  
 0.4  

£m 
 6.9  
 (5.9) 
 1.0  
 (0.5) 
 0.5  
 -  
 0.5  

£m 
 6.7  
 (5.7) 
 1.0  
 (0.5) 
 0.5  
 (0.1) 
 0.4  

 8.5  
 7.2  
 15.7  
 (5.8) 
 (6.5) 
 (12.3) 
 3.4  

 -  
 3.2  
 3.2  
 (2.3) 
 -  
 (2.3) 
 0.9  

 8.4  
 7.7  
 16.1  
 (4.9) 
 (7.8) 
 (12.7) 
 3.4  

 -  
 1.4  
 1.4  
 (0.8) 
 -  
 (0.8) 
 0.6  

(b) The Group’s interests in principal subsidiaries at 31 March 2012 were as follows: 

Name of undertaking 
Northumbrian Services Limited 

Country of 
incorporation or 
registration and 
operation 
England and Wales  Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Description of shares 
held 

Proportion of 
nominal value 
of issued 
shares held 
by Group (%)  Business activity 

Northumbrian Water Limited 

England and Wales  Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Northumbrian Water Finance plc 

England and Wales  Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Caledonian Environmental Services 
plc 
Caledonian Environmental 
Levenmouth Treatment Services 
Limited 
Ayr Environmental Services Limited 
Ayr Environmental Services 
Operations Limited 
AquaGib Limited 

Scotland 

Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Scotland 

Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Waste water services 

Scotland 
Scotland 

Ordinary shares of £1  75  
Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Waste water services 
Waste water services 

Gibraltar 

Ordinary shares of £1  67  

Northumbrian Water Projects Limited  England and Wales  Ordinary shares of £1  100  
Ordinary shares of £1  100  
Belgium 
SA Agrer NV 

Holding of 
investments and loans 
Water and sewerage 
services 
Holding of finance 
instruments 
Waste water services 

Water and sewerage 
services 
Waste water services 
Aid funded project 
work 

All subsidiaries listed above are indirectly held.  The directors consider that to give full particulars of all subsidiary and 
associated undertakings would lead to a statement of excessive length.  The above information relates to those 
subsidiary and associated undertakings or groups of undertakings whose results or financial position, in the opinion of the 
directors, principally affect the figures of the Group.  A full list of the Company's subsidiaries is attached to the Company's 
latest annual return filed at Companies House. 

13. Inventories 

Stores 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 3.3  

£m 
 3.2  

55 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
14. Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 
Amounts owed by jointly controlled entities 
Prepayments and accrued income 
Financial assets 
Other receivables 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 78.2  
 0.6  
 60.3  
 3.8  
 11.0  
 153.9  

£m 
 84.4  
 0.6  
 67.9  
 2.0  
 12.4  
 167.3  

As at 31 March 2012, trade receivables at nominal value of £50.8 million (2011: £44.5 million) were impaired.  
Movements in the provision for impairment of trade receivables were as follows: 

At 1 April 2010 
Charge for the year 
Utilised 
At 1 April 2011 
Charge for the year 
Utilised 
At 31 March 2012 

£m 
 37.1  
 17.8  
 (10.4) 
 44.5  
 17.8  
 (11.5) 
 50.8  

At 31 March, the analysis of trade receivables overdue but not impaired is as follows: 

2012  
2011  

0-3 months  3-12 months 
£m 
 29.7  
 26.8  

£m 
 0.3  
 0.6  

12-24 
months 
£m 
 13.8  
 12.4  

24-36 
months 
£m 
 7.1  
 6.4  

36-48 

months  >48 months 
£m 
 -  
 -  

£m 
 3.0  
 2.5  

Total 
£m 
 53.9  
 48.7  

15. Cash and cash equivalents and short term deposits 
For the purposes of the consolidated cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following at 31 March: 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Cash equivalent deposits 

Bank overdrafts 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Short term cash deposits >3 months 

16. Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Other payables 
Interest payable 
Accruals and deferred income 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 76.7  
 65.0  
 141.7  
 (1.4) 
 140.3  

£m 
 75.3  
 93.2  
 168.5  
 (1.4) 
 167.1  

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 1.4  

 4.3  

£m 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 16.5  
 17.8  
 39.1  
 82.2  
 155.6  

£m 
 13.6  
 23.3  
 46.0  
 93.0  
 175.9  

56 

 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
17. Interest bearing loans and borrowings 

Current: 
Bank overdrafts 
Current instalments due on borrowings (principal £76.2million, 2011: £150.4 million) 
Current obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts (see note 18) 

Non-current: 
Non-current obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts (principal 
£105.0million, 2011: £103.5 million) (see note 18) 
Non-current instalments on borrowings (principal £2,624.1 million, 2011: £2,166.9 million) 

Borrowings comprise the following: 
Loans (principal £427.0 million, 2011: £527.1 million) 
Subordinated loan stock (principal £1.9 million, 2011: £1.9 million) 
Eurobonds – due 11 October 2017 bearing interest rate of 6.0% (principal £300.0 million, 2011: 
£300.0 million) 
Eurobonds – due 6 February 2023 bearing interest rate of 6.875% (principal £350.0 million, 
2011: £350.0 million) 
Eurobonds – due 29 April 2033 bearing interest rate of 5.625% (principal £350.0 million, 2011: 
£350.0 million) 
Eurobonds – due 23 January 2042 bearing interest rate of 5.125% (principal £360.0 million, 
2011:  £nil) 
Eurobonds – due 23 January 2034 bearing interest rate of 5.87526% (principal £248.0 million, 
2011: £248.0 million) 
Eurobonds – due 31 March 2037 bearing interest rate of 6.627% (principal £61.5 million, 2011: 
£61.5 million) 
USPP Notes – due 14 April 2021 bearing interest rate of 5.82% (principal £100.0 million, 2011: 
£nil) 
Index linked Eurobonds – due 15 July 2036 bearing interest rate of 2.033% (principal £186.3 
million, 2011: £177.6 million) 
Index linked Eurobonds – due 30 January 2041 bearing interest rate of 1.6274% (principal £73.0 
million, 2011: £69.8 million) 
Index linked Eurobonds – due 16 July 2049 bearing interest rate of 1.7118% (principal £121.3 
million, 2011: £115.7 million) 
Index linked Eurobonds – due 16 July 2053 bearing interest rate of 1.7484% (principal £121.3 
million, 2011: £115.7 million) 

Less current instalments due on bank loans (principal £76.2 million, 2011: £150.4 million) 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 1.4  
 80.7  
 7.3  
 89.4  

 1.4  
 155.1  
 7.2  
 163.7  

 105.0  
 2,641.9  
 2,746.9  

 103.5  
 2,192.3  
 2,295.8  

 429.1  
 1.9  

 530.0  
 1.9  

 306.3  

 307.5  

 381.1  

 384.0  

 346.5  

 346.4  

 356.4  

 -  

 241.7  

 241.4  

 58.6  

 58.9  

 100.0  

 -  

 185.4  

 176.6  

 73.2  

 69.7  

 121.2  

 115.5  

 121.2  
 2,722.6  
 (80.7) 
 2,641.9  

 115.5  
 2,347.4  
 (155.1) 
 2,192.3  

The difference between the principal value of £2,624.1 million (2011: £2,166.9 million) and the carrying value of £2,641.9 
million (2011: £2,192.3 million) are unamortised issue costs of £17.2 million (2011: £14.1 million) and a credit of £35.0 
million (2011: £39.5 million) in excess of the original loan proceeds to reflect the fair value of loans owed by subsidiaries 
acquired in 2003. 

The Eurobonds – due 23 January 2034 are secured on the income receivable under the Kielder Water transfer scheme 
for the period to 23 January 2034. 

The value of the capital and interest elements of the index linked Eurobonds are linked to movements in the UK RPI (see 
note 1(r)). 

57 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
18. Obligations under hire purchase contracts and finance leases 

Amounts due: 
Not later than one year 
After one year but not more than five years 
Later than five years 

Less finance charges allocated to future periods 
Present value of minimum lease payments 
Disclosed as due: 
Not later than one year 
After more than one year 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 7.3  
 25.0  
 147.5  
 179.8  
 (67.5) 
 112.3  

 7.3  
 105.0  
 112.3  

 7.2  
 23.5  
 151.6  
 182.3  
 (71.6) 
 110.7  

 7.2  
 103.5  
 110.7  

Lease commitments 
The Group has entered into non-cancellable operating leases in respect of land and buildings, plant, machinery and 
motor vehicles.  The future minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows: 

Not later than one year 
After one year but not more than five years 
After five years 

19. Provisions 

At 1 April 2011 
Current 
Non-current 
At 1 April 2011 
Utilised 
At 31 March 2012 
Analysed as: 
Current 
Non-current 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 0.7  
 2.4  
 26.6  
 29.7  

£m 
 0.8  
 2.3  
 31.9  
 35.0  

£m 

 0.2  
 2.4  
 2.6  
 (0.2) 
 2.4  

 0.2  
 2.2  
 2.4  

The provision represents outstanding discretionary pension liabilities.  The discretionary pension liabilities have been 
calculated by an independent actuary, using the same actuarial assumptions as applied to the defined benefit pension 
scheme (see note 25), and are expected to be paid over the remaining lives, which is approximately 10 years. 

20. Financial instruments 
(a)  Group strategy 
The level of capital expenditure which the Group is obliged to incur is such that it cannot be wholly financed by internally 
generated sources.  As a result, the Group must rely upon raising additional finance on a regular basis, to be principally 
used to fund the long term assets required in its regulated business.  The Group’s strategy is to finance such investment 
by raising medium to long term debt, to provide a balance sheet match with long term assets and to fix a major proportion 
of interest rates. 

(b)  Treasury operations 
The main purpose of the Group’s treasury function is to assess the Group’s ongoing capital requirement and to raise 
funding on a timely basis, taking advantage of any favourable market opportunities.  It also invests any surplus funds the 
Group may have, based upon its forecast requirements and in accordance with the Group’s treasury policy.  On 
occasions, derivatives are used as part of this process but the Group’s policies prohibit their use for speculation. 

58 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c)  Risks arising from the Group’s financial instruments 
The main risks arising from the Group’s financial instruments are liquidity risk, interest rate risk and foreign currency risk.  
The Board reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks and they are summarised below.  All treasury 
activities are conducted in accordance with these policies. 

(d)  Liquidity risk 
As regards day to day liquidity, the Group’s policy is to have available standby committed bank borrowing facilities with a 
value of no less than £50.0 million and with a bank agreement availability period of no less than three months.  At 31 
March 2012, the Group had £450.0 million of undrawn committed bank facilities (2011: £35.0 million). 

(e)  Interest rate risk 
The Group finances its operations through a mixture of retained profits and bank borrowings.  It borrows at both fixed and 
floating rates of interest and, accordingly, uses interest rate swaps to generate the desired interest profile and to manage 
the Group’s exposure to interest rate fluctuations.  The Group’s policy is to keep a minimum 60% of its borrowings at fixed 
rates of interest. At 31 March 2012, 75% (2011: 74%) of the Group’s borrowings were at fixed rates of interest. Index 
linked borrowings are treated as variable rate debt.  

(f)  Foreign currency risk 
The Group’s policy is that any foreign currency exposure in excess of £100,000 sterling equivalent of a transactional 
nature, or £3.0 million sterling equivalent of a translation nature, should be covered immediately on identification.  Any 
exposures are covered through the use of forward foreign exchange contracts. 

(g)  Market price risk 
The Group’s exposure to market price risk principally comprises interest rate exposures.  The Group’s policy is to accept 
a degree of interest rate risk. The following table shows the impact on profit and equity of an increase in the variable cost 
of borrowing.  The range is considered reasonable based on the forecast variable rates of borrowing and all other 
elements being consistent for the next 12 months and highlights this is not material to the Group: 

Increase in basis points 
2012  
+50 
+100 
+150 
2011  
+50 
+100 
+150 

Effect on 
profit/equity 
£m 

 1.2  
 2.5  
 3.7  

 1.3  
 2.5  
 3.8  

(h) Credit risk 
There are no significant concentrations of credit risk within the Group.  Management’s assessment of the maximum credit 
risk exposure relating to financial assets is represented by their carrying value as at the balance sheet date (see (o)).  A 
significant proportion of the trade debtor balances are with domestic customers who are unlikely to have a published 
credit rating. 

(i) Counterparty risk 
The treasury strategy, which is approved by the Board, requires that investments are limited to certain money market and 
treasury instruments, and that the Group’s exposure to any single bank, building society or market is controlled, with 
maximum deposits allowed with any single counterparty.  The investment criteria cover credit rating and asset size, 
including sovereign and political risk.  Current market conditions have resulted in closer monitoring of counterparties and 
cancellation or suspension of deposits. 

(j) Capital risk 
The primary objective of the Group’s capital management is to ensure that it maintains a strong credit rating and healthy 
capital ratios in order to support its business and maximise shareholder value. 

The Group monitors capital using gearing ratios for the Group and NWL.  For NWL, this is net debt divided by the RCV as 
determined and published by Ofwat, and for the Group, RCV plus a pro forma RCV for the Kielder securitisation and the 
PFI contracts (at the level of associated debt included in the Group’s net debt relating to those assets).  The Group’s 
policy is to keep the gearing ratio less than 75% and 70% for the Group and NWL, respectively. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
For the Group, the pro forma RCV at 31 March 2012 was £3,871.4 million.  For NWL, the RCV at 31 March 2012 was 
£3,550.0 million.  On this basis, the gearing ratios were 68% for the Group and 64% for NWL. 

(k) Contractual maturity of financial liabilities (principal and future interest payments) 
The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities at 31 March based on contractual 
undiscounted payments, including the impact of interest rate swaps: 

Year ended 31 March 2012 

Interest bearing loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables 

Year ended 31 March 2011 

Interest bearing loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables 

On demand 
£m 
 1.4  
 -  
 1.4  

Less than 3 
months 
£m 
 77.9  
 101.5  
 179.4  

3-12 
months 
£m 
 159.6  
 51.8  
 211.4  

1-5 years 
£m 
 773.2  
 -  
 773.2  

More than 5 
years 
£m 
 5,084.1  
 -  
 5,084.1  

Total 
£m 
 6,096.2  
 153.3  
 6,249.5  

On demand 
£m 
 1.4  
 -  
 1.4  

Less than 3 
months 
£m 
 162.4  
 82.3  
 244.7  

3-12 
months 
£m 
 124.6  
 48.7  
 173.3  

1-5 years 
£m 
 704.5  
 -  
 704.5  

More than 5 
years 
£m 
 4,381.8  
 -  
 4,381.8  

Total 
£m 
 5,374.7  
 131.0  
 5,505.7  

(l) Maturity profile of financial assets and liabilities (carrying value) 
Year ended 31 March 2012 

Fixed rate: 
Eurobonds 
USPP notes 
Subordinated loan stock 
Bank loans 
Obligations under finance 
leases and hire purchase 
contracts 
Other loans 
Fixed rate at 31 March 2012 
Variable rate: 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Financial investments 
Eurobonds 
Bank loans 
Overdrafts 
Obligations under finance 
leases and hire purchase 
contracts 
Variable rate at 31 March 
2012 
Net borrowings at 31 March 
2012 

Within 1 year 
£m 

1-2 years 
£m 

2-3 years 
£m 

3-4 years 
£m 

4-5 years 
£m 

More than 5 
years 
£m 

Total 
£m 

 (4.0) 
 -  
 -  
 (20.9) 

 (2.8) 
 (0.3) 
 (28.0) 

 172.8  
 0.5  
 -  
 (55.5) 
 (1.4) 

 (4.2) 
 -  
 -  
 (21.3) 

 (2.1) 
 (0.3) 
 (27.9) 

 -  
 0.2  
 -  
 (10.0) 
 -  

 (4.3) 
 -  
 -  
 (21.3) 

 (1.9) 
 (0.4) 
 (27.9) 

 -  
 -  
 -  
 (11.7) 
 -  

 (4.2) 
 -  
 -  
 (22.1) 

 (1.3) 
 (0.3) 
 (27.9) 

 -  
 -  
 -  
 (13.5) 
 -  

 (5.0) 
 -  
 -  
 (22.0) 

 (1,668.9) 
 (100.0) 
 (1.9) 
 (124.0) 

 (1,690.6) 
 (100.0) 
 (1.9) 
 (231.6) 

 (0.9) 
 (0.3) 
 (28.2) 

 (0.4) 
 (0.4) 
 (1,895.6) 

 (9.4) 
 (2.0) 
 (2,035.5) 

 -  
 -  
 -  
 (13.4) 
 -  

 -  
 11.3  
 (501.0) 
 (91.4) 
 -  

 172.8  
 12.0  
 (501.0) 
 (195.5) 
 (1.4) 

 (4.5) 

 (4.6) 

 (4.8) 

 (4.8) 

 (4.8) 

 (79.4) 

 (102.9) 

 111.9  

 (14.4) 

 (16.5) 

 (18.3) 

 (18.2) 

 (660.5) 

 (616.0) 

 (2,651.5) 

60 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Year ended 31 March 2011 

Fixed rate: 
Eurobonds 
Subordinated loan stock 
Bank loans 
Obligations under finance 
leases and hire purchase 
contracts 
Other loans 
Fixed rate at 31 March 2011 
Variable rate: 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Financial investments 
Eurobonds 
Bank loans 
Overdrafts 
Obligations under finance 
leases and hire purchase 
contracts 
Variable rate at 31 March 
2011 
Net borrowings at 31 March 
2011 

Within 1 year 
£m 

1-2 years 
£m 

2-3 years 
£m 

3-4 years 
£m 

4-5 years 
£m 

More than 5 
years 
£m 

Total 
£m 

 (4.2) 
 -  
 (24.3) 

 (2.8) 
 (0.3) 
 (31.6) 

 143.1  
 0.9  
 -  
 (126.3) 
 (1.4) 

 (4.1) 
 -  
 (21.2) 

 (2.0) 
 (0.3) 
 (27.6) 

 -  
 0.5  
 -  
 (55.4) 
 -  

 (4.2) 
 -  
 (21.1) 

 (1.5) 
 (0.3) 
 (27.1) 

 -  
 0.2  
 -  
 (10.0) 
 -  

 (4.2) 
 -  
 (21.3) 

 (1.0) 
 (0.3) 
 (26.8) 

 -  
 -  
 -  
 (10.0) 
 -  

 (4.3) 
 -  
 (22.1) 

 (1,317.2) 
 (1.9) 
 (145.9) 

 (1,338.2) 
 (1.9) 
 (255.9) 

 (0.5) 
 (0.3) 
 (27.2) 

 (0.4) 
 (0.9) 
 (1,466.3) 

 (8.2) 
 (2.4) 
 (1,606.6) 

 -  
 -  
 -  
 (10.0) 
 -  

 -  
 11.3  
 (477.3) 
 (60.0) 
 -  

 143.1  
 12.9  
 (477.3) 
 (271.7) 
 (1.4) 

 (4.4) 

 (4.4) 

 (4.5) 

 (4.5) 

 (4.5) 

 (80.2) 

 (102.5) 

 11.9  

 (59.3) 

 (14.3) 

 (14.5) 

 (14.5) 

 (606.2) 

 (696.9) 

 (2,303.5) 

The variable rate net borrowings comprise sterling denominated bank borrowings and deposits that bear interest at rates 
based upon up to 12 months LIBOR. 

(m) Currency exposures 
At 31 March 2012, after taking into account the effects of forward foreign exchange contracts, the Group had no currency 
exposures (2011: £nil). 

(n) Borrowing facilities 
The Group has various undrawn committed borrowing facilities.  The facilities available at 31 March, in respect of which 
all conditions precedent have been met, are as follows: 

Expiring in less than one year 
Expiring in more than two years but not more than five years 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 35.0  
 -  

£m 
 -  
 450.0  

61 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
(o) Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities 
A comparison by category of book values, which are all recognised at amortised cost except for interest rate swaps which 
are recognised at fair value, and fair values of the Group’s financial assets and liabilities as at 31 March is set out below: 

Financial assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Financial investments 
Trade and other receivables 

Financial liabilities: 
Overdraft 
Bank loans (principal of £427.0 million, 2011: £527.1million) 
Subordinated loan stock (principal of £1.9 million, 2011: £1.9 million) 
Eurobonds (principal of £2,171.4 million, 2011: £1,788.3 million) 
USPP notes (principal of £100.0 million, 2011: nil) 
Obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts (principal 
of £112.3 million, 2011: £110.7 million) 
Cash flow hedges 
Trade and other payables 

Book value 

Fair value 

31.3.2011   

31.3.2012 
£m 

restated  31.3.2012 
£m 

£m 

31.3.2011 
restated 
£m 

 172.8  
 12.0  
 167.3  

 143.1  
 12.9  
 153.9  

 172.8  
 12.0  
 167.3  

 143.1  
 12.9  
 153.9  

 (1.4) 
 (429.1) 
 (1.9) 
 (2,191.6) 
 (100.0) 

 (1.4) 
 (530.0) 
 (1.9) 
 (1,815.5) 
 -  

 (1.4) 
 (445.7) 
 (1.9) 
 (2,474.0) 
 (111.8) 

 (1.4) 
 (541.3) 
 (1.9) 
 (1,899.2) 
 -  

 (112.3) 
 (63.8) 
 (175.9) 
 (2,723.9) 

 (110.7) 
 (58.7) 
 (155.5) 
 (2,363.8) 

 (112.3) 
 (63.8) 
 (175.9) 
 (3,034.7) 

 (110.7) 
 (58.7) 
 (155.5) 
 (2,458.8) 

The fair values of the cash flow hedges and sterling denominated long term fixed rate and index linked debt with a book 
value of £2,191.6 million (2011: £1,815.5 million), have been determined by reference to prices available from the 
markets on which the instruments involved are traded.  All the other fair values shown above have been calculated by 
discounting cash flows at prevailing interest rates. 

In the absence of an openly traded market value for the index linked bonds with a book value of £501.0 million (2011: 
£477.3 million), the fair value at the balance sheet date has been calculated by considering the remaining debt maturity, 
the relevant UK index linked gilt rate and an appropriate credit spread by reference to market evidence for conventional 
bonds. 

The difference between the principal value of £2,812.6 million (2011: £2,428.0 million) and the carrying value of £2,834.9 
million (2011: £2,458.1 million) are unamortised issue costs of £17.2 million (2011: £14.3 million) and a credit of £39.5 
million (2011: £44.4 million) in excess of the original loan proceeds to reflect the fair value of loans owed by subsidiaries 
acquired in 2003. 

(p) Hedges 
Cash flow hedges – currency forward contracts 
At 31 March 2012, the Group held no forward exchange contracts (2011: nil). 

Cash flow hedges – interest rate swap 
At 31 March 2012, the Group held one interest rate swap, designated as a hedge of future interest cash flows, for which 
the Group has firm commitments.  The swap was used to convert variable rate interest payments to a fixed rate basis.  
The terms of this swap were as follows: 

Notional amount 
GBP 100.0 million 

The swap was designated as highly effective. 

Start date  Termination date  Fixed rate% 
4.79  

15.3.2022 

15.9.2008 

62 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
At 31 March 2011, the Group held three interest rate swaps, designated as a hedge of future interest cash flows, for 
which the Group had firm commitments.  The swaps were used to convert variable rate interest payments to a fixed rate 
basis.  The terms of these swaps were as follows: 

Notional amount 
GBP 100.0 million 
GBP 62.5 million 
GBP 62.5 million 

Start date  Termination date  Fixed rate% 
4.79  
2.345  
2.435  

15.3.2022 
31.5.2011 
31.5.2011 

15.9.2008 
29.1.2009 
29.1.2009 

The £100.0 million swap was designated as highly effective.  The two £62.5 million swaps were not effective. 

Cash flow hedges – inflation swap 
As at 31 March 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Group held an inflation swap, designated as a hedge of future inflation-linked 
cash flows.  The swap was used to convert variable inflation-linked revenues on a contract with the Environment Agency, 
to fixed. 

The cash flow hedge was designated as highly effective.  In consequence, the inflation-linked revenues are fixed and are 
accounted for in the consolidated income statement on an accruals basis.  The inflation swap and the inflation-linked cash 
flows occur simultaneously and the amount accumulated in equity is reclassified to profit or loss over the period during 
which the inflation-linked cash flows affect profit or loss.  

The terms of the swap, including its maturity and the cash value of the annual outflow under the inflation swap based on 
current rates, are as follows:  

Notional amount 
GBP 2.9 million 

Annual swap 
cash flow paid 
0.9 million 

Start date  Termination date  Fixed rate% 
2.62  

9.1.2034 

12.5.2004 

(q) Fair value hierarchy 
The Group uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation 
technique: 

level 1: quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; 
level 2: other techniques for which all inputs which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value are observable, 
either directly or indirectly; and 
level 3: techniques which use inputs which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value that are not based on 
observable market data. 

Liabilities measured at fair value 

Year ended 31 March 2012 

Interest rate swap 
Inflation swap 

Year ended 31 March 2011 restated 

Interest rate swaps 
Inflation swap 

Year ended 31 March 2010 restated 

Interest rate swaps 
Inflation swap 

31.3.2012 
£m 
 (15.1) 
 (48.7) 

Level 1 
£m 
 -  
 -  

Level 2 
£m 
 (15.1) 
 (48.7) 

Level 3 
£m 
 -  
 -  

31.3.2011 
£m 
 (9.8) 
 (48.9) 

Level 1 
£m 
 -  
 -  

Level 2 
£m 
 (9.8) 
 (48.9) 

Level 3 
£m 
 -  
 -  

31.3.2010 
£m 
 (12.5) 
 (42.3) 

Level 1 
£m 
 -  
 -  

Level 2 
£m 
 (12.5) 
 (42.3) 

Level 3 
£m 
 -  
 -  

During the year to 31 March 2012, there were no transfers between level 1 and level 2 fair value measurements, and no 
transfers into and out of level 3 fair value measurements.  All other financial assets and liabilities are carried at amortised 
cost. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
21. Authorised and issued share capital 

Authorised: 
700 million ordinary shares of 10 pence each 
Allotted, called up and fully paid: 
518.6 million ordinary shares of 10 pence each 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 70.0  

 70.0  

 51.9  

 51.9  

22. Prior period adjustment 
The Group is party to an inflation hedge which commenced in May 2004 as part of the issue of the Eurobonds due in 
January 2034.  The Group has not previously accounted for the fair value of this hedge instrument.  However, the 
directors have determined that the fair value should be recognised in the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with 
IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. 

Comparative information has been restated in the consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income and consolidated statement of changes in equity and in notes 7 and 20, in accordance with IAS 1 Presentation of 
Financial Statements. 

The impact of the restatement on the consolidated balance sheet is as follows: 

Non-current liabilities 
Deferred income tax liabilities 
Hedging instruments 
Non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 
Hedging instruments 
Current liabilities 

Total liabilities 
Net assets 

31.3.2011 
£m 

change 
£m 

31.3.2011 
restated 
£m 

31.3.2010 
£m 

change 
£m 

31.3.2010 
restated 
£m 

(598.7) 
-  
(3,204.8) 

12.7  
(53.7) 
(41.0) 

(586.0) 
(53.7) 
(3,245.8) 

(606.1) 
-  
(3,416.6) 

11.8  
(48.4) 
(36.6) 

(594.3) 
(48.4) 
(3,453.2) 

(9.8) 
(331.9) 

4.8  
4.8  

(5.0) 
(327.1) 

(12.5) 
(205.2) 

6.1  
6.1  

(6.4) 
(199.1) 

(3,536.7) 
475.9  

(36.2) 
(36.2) 

(3,572.9) 
439.7  

(3,621.8) 
313.9  

(30.5) 
(30.5) 

(3,652.3) 
283.4  

Cash flow hedge reserve 
Equity shareholder’ funds 
Total capital and reserves 

(6.6) 
473.6  
475.9  

(36.2) 
(36.2) 
(36.2) 

(42.8) 
437.4  
439.7  

(8.2) 
311.1  
313.9  

(30.5) 
(30.5) 
(30.5) 

(38.7) 
280.6  
283.4  

23. Additional cash flow information 
Analysis of net debt as at 31 March 2012 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Short term cash deposits 
Financial investments 
Loans (principal of £2,700.3 million, 2011: £2,317.3 million) 
Finance leases (principal of £112.3 million, 2011: £110.7 million) 

As at 

1.4.2011  Cash flow 
£m 
 26.8  
 2.9  
 (0.9) 
 (355.6) 
 3.2  
 (323.6) 

£m 
 140.3  
 1.4  
 12.9  
 (2,347.4) 
 (110.7) 
 (2,303.5) 

Other non-
cash 
movements 
£m 
 -  
 -  
 -  
 (19.6) 
 (4.8) 
 (24.4) 

As at 
31.3.2012 
£m 
 167.1  
 4.3  
 12.0  
 (2,722.6) 
 (112.3) 
 (2,651.5) 

The difference between the principal value of £2,812.6 million (2011: £2,428.0 million) and the carrying value of £2,834.9 
million (2011: £2,458.1 million) are unamortised issue costs of £17.2 million (2011: £14.3 million) and a credit of £39.5 
million (2011: £44.4 million) in excess of the original loan proceeds to reflect the fair value of loans owed by subsidiaries 
acquired in 2003. 

Non-cash movements on loans relate to the principal uplift on index linked borrowings and amortisation of loan issue 
costs offset by the amortisation of debt fair value for the year.  Non-cash movements on finance leases relate to the 
inception of new finance leases on the acquisition of plant and machinery during the year. 

64 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Analysis of net debt as at 31 March 2011 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Short term cash deposits 
Financial investments 
Loans (principal of £2,317.3 million, 2010: £2,319.8 million) 
Finance leases (principal of £110.7 million, 2010: £111.1 million) 

As at 

1.4.2010  Cash flow 
£m 
 (33.0) 
 (14.4) 
 (1.1) 
 19.9  
 7.3  
 (21.3) 

£m 
 173.3  
 15.8  
 14.0  
 (2,354.4) 
 (111.1) 
 (2,262.4) 

Other non-
cash 
movements 
£m 
 -  
 -  
 -  
 (12.9) 
 (6.9) 
 (19.8) 

As at 
31.3.2011 
£m 
 140.3  
 1.4  
 12.9  
 (2,347.4) 
 (110.7) 
 (2,303.5) 

The difference between the principal value of £2,428.0 million (2010: £2,430.9 million) and the carrying value of £2,458.1 
million (2010: £2,465.5 million) are unamortised issue costs of £14.3 million (2010: £14.7 million) and a credit of £44.4 
million (2010: £49.3 million) in excess of the original loan proceeds to reflect the fair value of loans owed by subsidiaries 
acquired in 2003. 

Non-cash movements on loans relate to the principal uplift on index linked borrowings and amortisation of loan issue 
costs offset by the amortisation of debt fair value for the year.  Non-cash movements on finance leases relate to the 
inception of new finance leases on the acquisition of plant and machinery during the year. 

24. Financial commitments 

Expenditure contracted for 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 222.3  

£m 
 172.8  

In addition to these commitments, the Group has longer term expenditure plans, which include investment to meet 
shortfalls in performance and condition, and to provide for new demand and growth within the water and sewerage 
business. 

25. Pensions and other post-retirement benefits 
The Group operates a defined benefit pension scheme, Northumbrian Water Pension Scheme (NWPS or the scheme), 
providing benefits based on final pensionable remuneration to 1,830 active members at 31 March 2012 (2011: 1,908). 

The assets of the NWPS are held separately from those of the Group in independently administered funds. 

The most recent actuarial valuation of the scheme was at 31 December 2010.  At that date the value of assets amounted 
to £680.1 million and the funding level was 84.7%. 

The future service contribution rate jointly payable by members and the employers from 31 December 2010 was 24.2% of 
pensionable salaries.  Members’ contributions are 7.3% on average with the employers paying 16.9%. 

The employer contribution rate was assessed using the projected unit method and the following actuarial assumptions: 

Pre-retirement discount rate 
Post-retirement discount rate 
Pay increases 
Price inflation (RPI) 
Price inflation (CPI) 
Pension increases linked to RPI 
Price inflation linked to CPI 

% 
 5.80  
 4.90  
 3.85  
 3.60  
 2.90  
 3.60  
 2.90  

With the agreement of the NWPS Trustee, the employers have made capital contributions of £70.0m to cover the period 1 
January 2011 to 31 March 2015.  These payments comprise employers’ contributions, the deficit recovery funding 
assumed in the final determination and employees contributions under a salary sacrifice arrangement.  Amounts totalling 
£22.9m were paid prior to 31 March 2011 with the remaining £47.1m paid in the current period.  Further payments of 
£3.1m relating to early retirements were paid in the period bringing total contributions to £50.2m.  Contributions for the 
next financial period, to 31 December 2012, are expected to be £0.4m, relating to early retirements. 

65 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
The scheme also has a defined contribution section which had 542 active members at 31 March 2012 (2011: 460).  
Members can choose to contribute either 3%, 4% or 5% of salary, with employers contributing at either 6%, 7% or 8% 
depending on the member contribution rate.  The contributions paid to the defined contribution section by the Company in 
the year totalled £0.9m (2011: £0.8m).  

The additional disclosures regarding the defined benefit scheme as required under IAS 19 Employee benefits and the 
relevant impact on the financial statements are set out below. 

A qualified actuary, using revised assumptions that are consistent with the requirements of IAS 19, has updated the 
actuarial valuation described above as at 31 March 2012.  Investments have been valued, for this purpose, at fair value. 

Pay increases1  
RPI inflation  
CPI inflation  
Pension increases linked to RPI  
Pension increases linked to CPI  
Discount rate  
Mortality assumptions2  
  - Life expectancy for a member aged 65 – female (years)  
  - Life expectancy for a member aged 65 – male (years)  
Notes:  
1.   Including promotional salary scale.  
2.   115% of PCMA00/PCFA00 (year of birth with medium cohort improvements).     

31.3.2012 
3.85% 
3.20% 
2.50% 
3.20% 
2.50% 
4.80% 
PCMA/PCFA00 
 24.3  
 22.0  

31.3.2011 
4.50% 
3.50% 
2.80% 
3.50% 
2.80% 
5.50% 
PCMA/PCFA00 
 23.0  
 20.7  

The fair value of the assets in the NWPS, the present value of the liabilities in the scheme and the long term expected 
rate of return at 31 March were: 

Long term 
expected 
rate of 
return    

Long term 
expected 
rate of 
return    

Equities 
Corporate bonds 
Government bonds 
Property 
Cash 
Total fair value of assets 
Present value of liabilities 
Deficit 

% 
 6.3  
 4.8  
 3.3  
 4.8  
 2.5  

31.3.2012  31.3.2012  31.3.2011  31.3.2011 
£m 
 511.8  
 62.1  
 63.9  
 71.6  
 3.9  
 713.3  
 (759.3) 
 (46.0) 

£m 
 441.8  
 128.1  
 80.4  
 76.0  
 12.0  
 738.3    
 (822.4)   
 (84.1)   

% 
 7.3  
 5.5  
 4.3  
 5.8  
 3.8  

The discount rate at 31 March 2012 has been set by reference to the yield on AA corporate bonds at that date, 
extrapolated forward to a duration of 18 years which reflect the duration of the expected benefit payments.  The expected 
rate of return on equities represents a 3.0% premium of the yield on long term Government bonds at 31 March 2012.  The 
gross redemption yield on index linked UK Government stocks was 3.3%.  The long term inflation rate implied by these 
yields is 3.3% which has been reduced by 0.1% to allow for an inflation risk premium.  Post-retirement mortality 
assumptions use a base table of 115% of PCMA00/PCFA00 with an allowance for future improvements in line with the 
medium cohort projections, lagged to apply 10 years later, based on each individual’s year of birth.  This is subject to a 
minimum improvement of 1.0% per annum. 

66 

 
 
 
 
   
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 12.5  
 0.3  
 12.8  

 41.3  
 (49.3) 
 (8.0) 

 7.1  
 (49.3) 
 (42.2) 
 (41.3) 
 (83.5) 
 (90.0) 

 13.5  
 0.4  
 13.9  

 43.3  
 (45.5) 
 (2.2) 

 56.2  
 (45.5) 
 10.7  
 63.3  
 74.0  
 (6.5) 

The amounts recognised in the income statement and in the statement of comprehensive income for the year are 
analysed as follows: 

Recognised in the income statement: 
Current service cost 
Past service cost 
Recognised in operating costs in arriving at profit on ordinary activities before interest 

Interest cost on plan obligations 
Expected return on plan assets 
Recognised in (income receivable)/finance costs payable 

Recognised in the statement of comprehensive income: 
Actual return on scheme assets 
Less expected return on scheme assets 

Other actuarial gains and losses 
Net actuarial (losses)/gains 
Cumulative amounts recognised since adopting the standard 

History of experience gains and losses: 

Fair value of assets 
Present value of defined benefit obligation 
(Deficit)/surplus 
Experience adjustments arising on plan assets 
Experience adjustments arising on plan liabilities 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011  31.3.2010  31.3.2009  31.3.2008 
£m 
 666.7  
 (576.2) 
 90.5  
 (93.4) 
 0.6  

£m 
 738.3  
 (822.4) 
 (84.1) 
 (42.2) 
 31.0  

£m 
 713.3  
 (759.3) 
 (46.0) 
 10.7  
 -  

£m 
 478.6  
 (598.0) 
 (119.4) 
 (205.3) 
 18.7  

£m 
 663.4  
 (796.5) 
 (133.1) 
 177.4  
 -  

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit pension obligations are analysed as follows:    

At 1 April 
Current service cost 
Past service cost 
Interest cost on plan obligations 
Contributions by plan participants 
Actuarial loss/(gain) on obligations 
Benefits paid 
At 31 March 

Present value of funded defined benefit obligations 

Changes in the fair value of plan assets are analysed as follows: 

At 1 April 
Expected return on plan assets 
Actuarial (loss)/gain on plan assets 
Contributions by employer 
Contributions by plan participants 
Benefits paid 
At 31 March 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 796.5  
 13.5  
 0.4  
 43.3  
 0.1  
 (63.3) 
 (31.2) 
 759.3  

£m 
 759.3  
 12.5  
 0.3  
 41.3  
 0.1  
 41.3  
 (32.4) 
 822.4  

 822.4  

 759.3  

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 663.4  
 45.5  
 10.7  
 24.8  
 0.1  
 (31.2) 
 713.3  

£m 
 713.3  
 49.3  
 (42.2) 
 50.2  
 0.1  
 (32.4) 
 738.3  

The Group through its subsidiary, AquaGib, also operates a non-contributory defined benefit scheme.  The deficit at 31 
March 2012, under local GAAP, was £3.6 million (2011: £2.1 million).  The Group made contributions amounting to £0.9 
million (2011: £1.0 million) to the defined benefit pension scheme. 

67 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Sensitivity to key assumptions 
IAS 1 requires disclosure of the sensitivity of the results to the methods and assumptions used. 

The costs of a pension arrangement require estimates regarding future experience.  The financial assumptions used for 
IAS 19 reporting are the responsibility of the directors of the Company.  These assumptions reflect market conditions at 
the balance sheet date.  Changes in market conditions which result in changes in the net discount rate (essentially the 
difference between the discount rate and the assumed rates of increases of salaries, deferred pension revaluation or 
pensions in payment), can have a significant effect on the value of the liabilities reported. 

A reduction in the net discount rate will increase the assessed value of liabilities, as a higher value is placed on benefits 
paid in the future.  A rise in the net discount rate will have an opposite effect of similar magnitude.  The overall effect of a 
change in the net discount rate of 0.1% would change the liabilities by around £14 million. 

There is also uncertainty around life expectancy for the UK population.  The value of current and future pension benefits 
will depend on how long they are assumed to be in payment. 

The disclosures have been prepared using the mortality assumptions used in the 2010 formal valuation.  Specifically, the 
post-retirement mortality assumptions use a base table of 115% of PCMA00/PCFA00 with an allowance for future 
improvements in line with the medium cohort projections, lagged to apply 10 years later, based on each individual’s year 
of birth.  This is subject to a minimum improvement of 1.0% per annum.  These assumptions imply an assumed life 
expectancy for a member aged 65 at 31 March 2012 of 22.0 years (2011: 20.7 years) for males and 24.3 years (2011: 
23.0 years) for females. 

The effect of increasing the assumed life expectancies by one year would be to increase the value of liabilities by around 
3%. 

26. Long Term Incentive Plan 
Prior to the change of control and delisting on 14 October 2011, the Company operated a share based LTIP.  
Accordingly, the accounting treatment is only relevant up to this date and was not in place at the balance sheet date. 

Under the LTIP, executive directors and senior managers may receive, at the discretion of the Remuneration Committee, 
annual conditional awards of shares in the Company.  Further details of the LTIP can be found in note 5. 

The following table illustrates the movements in conditional share awards during the year. 

Outstanding at 1 April 
Granted during the year 
Forfeited/lapsed during the year 
Exercised 
Outstanding at 31 March 

Exercisable at 31 March 

31.3.2012 
Number 

31.3.2011 
Number 
 1,120,941    1,242,293  
 378,503  
 (351,299) 
 (148,556) 
 -    1,120,941  

 -  
 (340,222) 
 (780,719) 

 -  

 4,649  

The weighted average exercise price throughout the year was £nil (2011: £nil).  The fair value of conditional share awards 
granted during the year was £nil (2011: £nil million). 

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for the conditional share awards was 465.00 pence (2011: 
324.79 pence). 

No conditional awards were outstanding as at 31 March 2012.  The weighted average remaining contractual life as at 31 
March 2011, was 1.7 years. 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
The fair value of conditional share awards granted was estimated using the Monte-Carlo model.  The significant inputs to 
the model were as follows: 

Dividend yield 
Expected share price volatility 
Expected FTSE 250 Index volatility 
Risk free interest rate 
Expected life of option (years) 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
4.0% 
28% 
21% 
1.5% 
 3  

 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  

The expected life of these options was based on historical data and was not necessarily indicative of exercise patterns 
that may have occurred.  The expected volatility reflects the assumption that the historical volatility was indicative of 
future trends, which was not necessarily the actual outcome. 

Share Incentive Plan 

Prior to the change of control and delisting on 14 October 2011 the Company operated a SIP.  Accordingly, the 
accounting treatment is only relevant up to this date and was not in place at the balance sheet date. 

The SIP scheme provided one free matching share for every three shares purchased by an employee.  Shares for the 
SIP were purchased at market price by the Trustee and dividends were paid in cash directly to participants. 

The following table illustrates the movements in conditional share awards during the year. 

Outstanding at 1 April 
Granted during the year 
Forfeited during the year 
Exercised 
Outstanding at 31 March 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
Number 
 143,201  
 115,519  
 (3,383) 
 (95,155) 
 160,182  

Number 
 160,182  
 150,596  
 (1,497) 
 (309,281) 
 -  

27. Special purpose entities 
As noted under accounting policy 1(b), under SIC 12, two companies are consolidated as special purpose entities.  The 
principal special purpose entity is Bakethin Holdings Limited, the shares in which are owned by Bakethin Charitable Trust.  
The other special purpose entity is Bakethin Finance plc, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bakethin Holdings 
Limited. 

Bakethin Finance plc was established for the purpose of issuing guaranteed secured Eurobonds.  On 12 May 2004, 
Bakethin Finance plc issued £248.0 million of guaranteed secured bonds maturing January 2034.  Bakethin Finance plc 
used the proceeds of the bond issue to make a loan to Reiver Finance Limited to fund the consideration given by that 
company to Northumbrian Water Limited for the securitisation of the cash flows receivable from the EA under the Water 
Resources Operating Agreement relating to Kielder Water transfer scheme.  The assignment is for a period of 30 years. 

The summarised combined financial statements of the special purpose entities are as follows: 

Income statement: 
Finance costs receivable  
Finance costs payable 
Balance sheet: 
Investments 
Current assets 
Non-current liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Net assets 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 14.9  
 (14.9) 

 14.9  
 (14.9) 

 241.7  
 4.8  
 (243.6) 
 (2.7) 
 0.2  

 241.4  
 4.7  
 (243.2) 
 (2.7) 
 0.2  

69 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
28. Related parties 
During the year, the Group entered into transactions, in the ordinary course of business, with other related parties.  
Transactions entered into and trading balances outstanding at 31 March between the Group and its associates and joint 
ventures, are as follows: 

Trading transactions 

Related party: 
Jointly controlled entities 
2012  
2011  

Sales to 
related 
party 
£m 

Purchases 
from related 
party 
£m 

Amounts 
owed by 
related 
party 
£m 

Amounts 
owed to 
related 
party 
£m 

 0.1  
 0.1  

 11.2  
 9.6  

 0.6  
 0.6  

 8.7  
 8.2  

Purchases from jointly controlled entities include £3.6 million (2011: £2.5 million) in respect of capital purchases under 
finance leases, £0.1 million (2011: £0.1 million) in respect of operating leases, £6.7 million (2011: £6.3 million) in respect 
of costs payable under finance leases and £0.8 million (2011: £0.7 million) in respect of other purchases. 

Outstanding balances due from related parties are expected to be settled within 60 days and amounts due to related 
parties are in respect of leasing arrangements, where the amounts owed will relate specifically to the terms of the lease. 

Remuneration of key management personnel 
The remuneration of the directors is included within the amounts disclosed below.  Further information about the 
remuneration of directors is provided in note 5. 

Short term employee benefits 
Post employment benefits 
Other long-term employee benefits 
Termination benefits 
Share based payments 

   31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 1.4  
 0.2  
 -  
 -  
 0.5  
 2.1  

£m 
 1.6  
 0.2  
 0.6  
 0.1  
 -  
 2.5  

29. Ultimate parent company 
The Company’s immediate parent undertaking is UKW, which is incorporated in England and Wales. 

In the directors’ opinion, UKW is the Company’s ultimate parent undertaking and controlling party.  UKW acquired 
Northumbrian Water Group plc on 14 October 2011.  UKW is indirectly wholly owned by a consortium comprising Cheung 
Kong Infrastructure Holdings Limited, Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited and Li Ka Shing Foundation Limited. 

Copies of UKW’s group financial statements, which include the Company, will be available in due course from 
Northumbria House, Abbey Road, Pity Me, Durham, DH1 5FJ. 

70 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Statement of directors’ responsibilities in relation to the parent 
Company financial statements 

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under 
that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United 
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and 
applicable law).  Under Company Law, the directors must not approve the financial statements unless 
they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the 
profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing those financial statements, the directors are 
required to: 
  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
  state whether applicable United Kingdom Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to 

any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 

  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume 

that the Company will continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show 
and explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply 
with the Companies Act 2006.  They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other 
irregularities. 

71 

 
 
 
 
Company balance sheet 
As at 31 March 2012 

Fixed assets 
Investments in subsidiary undertakings 

Current assets 
Debtors: receivable within one year 
Debtors: receivable in greater than one year 
Cash at bank 

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 
Net current assets/(liabilities) 
Total assets less current liabilities 
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year 
Net assets 

Capital and reserves 
Called up share capital 
Share premium account 
Treasury shares 
Profit and loss account 
Equity shareholders' funds 

Approved by the Board on 4 October 2012 and signed on its behalf by: 

Heidi Mottram 
Chief Executive Officer 

Chris Green 
Finance Director 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

Notes 

4 

5 
5 

6 

7 

8 
9 
9 
9 

 1,101.4  
 1,101.4  

 1,101.4  
 1,101.4  

 7.1  
 100.0  
 13.4  
 120.5  
 (8.3) 
 112.2  
 1,213.6  
 (660.0) 
 553.6  

 3.5  
 -  
 59.1  
 62.6  
 (93.2) 
 (30.6) 
 1,070.8  
 (490.0) 
 580.8  

 51.9  
 446.5  
 -  
 55.2  
 553.6  

 51.9  
 446.5  
 (1.7) 
 84.1  
 580.8  

72 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
  
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Company financial statements 

1. Accounting policies 
(a) Basis of accounting 
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable United Kingdom law and accounting 
standards.  The accounting policies have been reviewed in accordance with the requirements of FRS 18:  Accounting 
Policies.  The directors consider the following accounting policies to be relevant in relation to the Company’s financial 
statements.  The Company’s financial statements are included in the consolidated financial statements of Northumbrian 
Water Group Limited.  Accordingly, the Company has taken advantage of the exemption from publishing a profit and loss 
account and cash flow statement and from disclosing related party transactions with its wholly-owned subsidiaries.  The 
Company is also exempt from disclosing the information otherwise required by FRS 29 Financial Instruments: 
Disclosures, as the consolidated financial statements, in which the Company is included, provide equivalent disclosures 
for the Group under IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. 

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which assumes that the Company will have 
adequate funding to meet its liabilities as they fall due in the foreseeable future.  As at 31 March 2012 the Company had 
net current assets of £112.3 million (2011: net current liabilities of £30.6 million).  The directors have reviewed cash flow 
requirements and believe it is appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis. 

(b) Fixed asset investments 
Fixed asset investments are stated at their purchase cost, less any provision for impairment. 

(c) Taxation 
Corporation tax is based on the profit for the year as adjusted for taxation purposes using the rates of tax enacted at the 
balance sheet date.  Provision is made for deferred tax in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not 
reversed at the balance sheet date that will result in an obligation to pay more, or a right to pay less, tax in future periods.  
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which timing differences are 
expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.  Deferred 
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that the directors consider that it is more likely than not that there will be 
suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of the underlying timing differences can be deducted. 

(d) Interest bearing loans and borrowings 
All loans and borrowings are initially stated at the amount of the net proceeds, being fair value of the consideration 
received net of issue costs associated with the borrowing.  Finance costs (including issue costs) are taken to the income 
statement over the term of the debt at a constant rate on the balance sheet carrying amount.  The carrying amount is 
increased by the finance charges amortised and reduced by payments made in respect of the accounting period. 

2. Auditors’ remuneration 
Auditors’ remuneration for the year ended 31 March 2012 was £8,000 (2011: £97,000). 

Fees  paid  to  Deloitte  LLP  for  non-audit  services  to  the  Company  itself  are  not  disclosed  in  the  individual  financial 
statements of the Company because Group financial statements are prepared which are required to disclose such fees 
on a consolidated basis. 

3. Profit attributable to members of the parent Company 
The profit dealt with in the financial statements of the parent Company is £253.4 million (2011: £106.9 million). 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Investments in subsidiary undertakings 

At 1 April 2011 
At 31 March 2012 

£m 
   1,101.4  
   1,101.4  

Name of undertaking 
Northumbrian Services Limited 

Country of 
incorporation or 
registration and 
operation 
England and Wales  Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Description of shares 
held 

Proportion of 
nominal value 
of issued 
shares held 
by Group (%)  Business activity 

Northumbrian Water Limited 

England and Wales  Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Northumbrian Water Finance plc 

England and Wales  Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Caledonian Environmental Services 
plc 
Caledonian Environmental 
Levenmouth Treatment Services 
Limited 
Ayr Environmental Services Limited 
Ayr Environmental Services 
Operations Limited 
AquaGib Limited 

Scotland 

Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Scotland 

Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Waste water services 

Scotland 
Scotland 

Ordinary shares of £1  75  
Ordinary shares of £1  100  

Waste water services 
Waste water services 

Gibraltar 

Ordinary shares of £1  67  

Northumbrian Water Projects Limited  England and Wales  Ordinary shares of £1  100  
Ordinary shares of £1  100  
Belgium 
SA Agrer NV 

Holding of 
investments and loans 
Water and sewerage 
services 
Holding of finance 
instruments 
Waste water services 

Water and sewerage 
services 
Waste water services 
Aid funded project 
work 

All subsidiaries listed above are indirectly held.  The directors consider that to give full particulars of all subsidiary and 
associated undertakings would lead to a statement of excessive length.  A full list of the Company's subsidiaries is 
attached to the Company's latest annual return filed at Companies House. 

5. Debtors 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 
Other 

Amounts falling due after one year: 
Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 7.0  
 0.1  
 7.1  

 100.0  
 100.0  

 3.3  
 0.2  
 3.5  

 -  
 -  

Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings include amounts receivable for the provisional surrender of tax losses 
amounting to £2.8 million (2011: £1.6 million). 

6. Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 

Trade creditors 
Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings 
Interest payable 
Accruals and deferred income 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 0.1  
 93.0  
 -  
 0.1  
 93.2  

£m 
 0.1  
 5.5  
 2.7  
 -  
 8.3  

74 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
7. Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year 

Loans 
Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings 

Loans are repayable as follows: 
Repayable after more than five years 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 
 -  
 490.0  
 490.0  

£m 
 100.0  
 560.0  
 660.0  

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 660.0  

 490.0  

In April 2011 the company issued £100 million USPP notes, maturing April 2021, with an annual coupon of 5.82%. 

Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings bear rates of interest linked to LIBOR.  The loans will continue until such time 
as terminated by mutual agreement. 

8. Authorised and issued share capital 

Authorised: 
700 million ordinary shares of 10 pence 
Allotted, called up and fully paid: 
518.6 million ordinary shares of 10 pence 

9. Reserves 

At 1 April 2010 
Profit for the year 
Exercise of LTIP awards 
Dividends paid 
At 31 March 2011 
Profit for the year 
Share-based payment 
Exercise of LTIP awards 
Dividends paid 
At 31 March 2012 

31.3.2012  31.3.2011 
£m 

£m 

 70.0  

 70.0  

 51.9  

 51.9  

Treasury 
shares 
£m 
 (2.0) 
 -  
 0.3  
 -  
 (1.7) 
 -  
 -  
 1.7  
 -  
 -  

Share 
premium 
account 
£m 
 446.5  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 446.5  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 446.5  

Profit and 
loss 
account 
£m 
 47.8  
 106.9  
 (0.3) 
 (70.3) 
 84.1  
 253.3  
 1.1  
 (1.7) 
 (281.6) 
 55.2  

10. Commitments 
The Company has issued letters of continuing support to subsidiary companies with net liabilities amounting to £16.0 
million (2011: £11.9 million) and net current liabilities of £nil (2011: £nil).  These subsidiary companies are expected to 
meet their working capital requirements from operating cash flows. 

The Company is guarantor to the EIB in respect of borrowings by Northumbrian Water Limited.  The loan principal 
outstanding at 31 March 2012 amounted to £371.7 million (2011: £344.7 million). 

The Company is party to a cross guarantee arrangement with other Group companies in respect of bank facilities.  
Overdrafts outstanding at 31 March 2012 in respect of the arrangement amounted to £1.0 million (2011: £27.2 million).  
The directors do not expect any loss to arise as a result of this arrangement. 

75