Quarterlytics / Healthcare / Biotechnology / Navidea Biopharmaceuticals

Navidea Biopharmaceuticals

navb · NYSE Healthcare
Claim this profile
Ticker navb
Exchange NYSE
Sector Healthcare
Industry Biotechnology
Employees 51-200
← All annual reports
FY2012 Annual Report · Navidea Biopharmaceuticals
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
43196_Cvr_Layout 1  5/7/13  12:57 PM  Page 1

enlightening

empowering

enhancing

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

NavideaCoverSpine2012_Layout 1  5/2/13  3:34 PM  Page 2

enlightening

empowering

enhancing

Financial Highlights |  Amounts in thousands, except per share data

                                                                                                  Years Ended December 31,

                                                      2012                    2011                   2010                  2009                  2008

Revenue                                           $           79                $          598               $          617            $              --             $              --

Operating expenses                                  28,068                       24,702                      13,294                      7,408                       6,692

Loss from operations                              (27,989)                     (24,104)                    (12,677)                    (7,408)                     (6,692) 

Income (loss) attributable
to common stockholders                        

(29,201)

5,513                    (58,172)                  (39,846)                     (5,166) 

Basic income (loss) per share                      (0.29)                           0.06                        (0.72)                      (0.54)                       (0.08)

                                                                                                   As of December 31,
                                                      2012                    2011                   2010                  2009                  2008

Total assets                                        $    11,972               $     31,194               $     10,863             $       9,018              $       9,619

Stockholders’ equity (deficit)                     (1,405)                       21,132                        4,132                    (9,870)                     (3,026)

                                                              
                        
43196_Insert_Layout 1  5/6/13  6:03 PM  Page 1

enlightening          

empowering

enhancing

A year of milestone achievements for patients,
physicians and shareholders

To Our Valued Shareholders,

This  past  year  has  marked  a  momentous  period  for  Navidea  Biopharmaceuticals.    At  the  core  of  our
performance throughout the year, we brought Lymphoseek®, the first new diagnostic agent for lymphatic
mapping in 30 years and the first precision diagnostic, through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
approval process and to patients with breast cancer and melanoma.  Moreover, we advanced our leadership
position in innovative precision diagnostics on several fronts: we advanced our development pipeline for large
and growing markets in oncology and neurodegenerative diseases; we enhanced our internal capabilities with
the addition of key personnel in commercial, clinical, regulatory, manufacturing and management; and we met
our financial commitments and secured flexible access to multiple available funding sources to support our
growth as well as grew our institutional investor shareholder base.  We believe these accomplishments lay the
foundation for value enhancement to our shareholders.  Following are a few highlights.

Lymphoseek & Oncology Programs
• In the U.S., Lymphoseek, our first precision diagnostic, was approved by
the FDA in March 2013. Lymphoseek® (technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept)
Injection is indicated for use in lymphatic mapping procedures to help in
the diagnostic evaluation of potential cancer spread for patients with breast
cancer and melanoma. The U.S. launch of Lymphoseek began in May 2013
with sales and distribution through the extensive network of more than 140
nuclear pharmacies operated by our partner, Cardinal Health. In Europe,
the Lymphoseek Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) was submitted
to the European Medicines Agency in December 2012.      

• In line with our overall product development strategy, we expanded the potential opportunity for Lymphoseek,
generating positive top-line interim data from our Phase 3 clinical study in head and neck cancer.  The study
assessed Lymphoseek as a sentinel lymph node mapping agent as compared to the current gold standard,
the removal and pathology assessment of all lymph nodes during full multi-level nodal dissection surgery.
We also commenced an investigator-initiated clinical trial collaboration in colorectal cancer. 

• Strong data from Lymphoseek clinical trials were presented at numerous medical meetings in the U.S. and
Europe  and  data  from  both  Lymphoseek  Phase  3  clinical  trials  for  breast  cancer  and  melanoma  were
published in peer-reviewed journals. 

• We were awarded a Small Business Innovation Research grant from the National Institutes of Health for
development of a radio-immuno-guided surgery (RIGS®) agent aimed at detecting metastatic cancer, with
potential for grant money up to a total of $1.5 million over three years if fully funded. 

Neurodegenerative Programs
Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
• We initiated two Phase 2 clinical trials of NAV4694, our β-amyloid PET imaging agent with potential best-in-
class properties. The first study is designed to compare images from subjects with probable Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) to similarly aged and young healthy volunteers as an aid in diagnosing AD.  The second Phase
2b  study  in  subjects  with  Mild  Cognitive  Impairment  (MCI)  is  evaluating  the  potential  for  NAV4694  in
monitoring progression of MCI to AD.

• Data from the NAV4694 studies were presented at key scientific and medical meetings.  Positive results
from a study showing the head-to-head comparison of NAV4694 and the β-amyloid imaging gold standard
in AD and dementia was published.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

43196_Insert_Layout 1  5/6/13  6:03 PM  Page 2

Parkinsonian  Syndromes,  Movement  Disorders  and
Dementia with Lewy Bodies
• To further augment our portfolio, we in-licensed NAV5001, a
SPECT imaging agent also possessing potential best-in-class
properties, which we are developing as a potential aid in the
differential  diagnosis  of  Parkinson’s  disease  and  other
movement disorders, as well as dementia with Lewy bodies
(DLB), the leading form of dementia after AD.  We initiated a
study of NAV5001 as a tool to evaluate dopamine transporters
in the brain as a start to our program in DLB. 

Prudent Financial Decisions

• To enable the Company to continue to execute on its business plan and grow stakeholder value, we secured
a $50 million credit facility with Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences LLC (Montaur) to provide flexible financial
resources to fund short- and long-term development and growth plans.  Following the Lymphoseek approval
decision, a total of $35 million is available to the Company under the line, of which we have judiciously drawn
only $8 million through March 2013.  Montaur also exercised certain warrants in December 2012 and March
2013, providing $3.3 million in total.

• We also worked to strengthen our institutional ownership base most tangibly through the completion of two
at-market, underwritten public offerings totaling 3.6 million shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds
to the Company of approximately $9.3 million. 

• Navidea’s operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012, were $28.0 million compared to
$24.1 million for 2011.  For the year ended December 31, 2012, Navidea reported a loss attributable to
common stockholders of $29.2 million, or $0.29 per share, compared to income attributable to common
stockholders of $5.5 million, or $0.06 per share, for the same period in 2011 (a period that included the sale
of our gamma detection device business).  Our balance sheet at the end of 2012 reported cash of $9.1
million but was augmented by access to a $50 million credit facility.

Precision Diagnostics — Navigating Toward Success
The landscape of diagnostic medicine provides a fertile foundation for growth, as the healthcare system realizes
the economic burden of an aging population and the inability to eliminate trial and error medicine.i Recent
healthcare reform has driven the pharmaceutical industry to actively seek
diagnostic tools to ensure more efficient and effective patient care that helps
control healthcare costs.  This has opened important new avenues for
precision diagnostics, which offer the promise for earlier and more accurate
diagnosis, fewer needless or ineffective therapies, more informed treatment
plans, and the ability to track progress through disease monitoring.   

“We are committed to creating innovative
precision diagnostics which enlighten the
sites and pathways of undetected disease,
empower critical medical decision making
and enhance patient care. In doing so, we
aim to enable value creation for our
shareholders and for the patients we assist.”

MARK J. PYKETT, V.M.D., Ph.D. 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
NAVIDEA BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

We believe that physicians and providers are rapidly adopting innovative
imaging techniques that enable the delivery of appropriate treatment to
patients  at  the  right  time.  Radiopharmaceuticals  comprise  a  critical
component of the precision diagnostics sector, and we believe they are
poised  for  even  stronger  performance  in  coming  years.    The  global
radiopharmaceuticals market reached $3.2 billion in 2010 and is expected to more than double to $6.6 billion
by 2017.ii,iii The use of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic purposes is a fundamental and growing segment
of this industry, with the majority of the testing studies focused in oncologic and neurological diseases.iv We
believe that our strategic portfolio of radiopharmaceutical agents addresses important medical needs in both
of these areas.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

43196_Insert_Layout 1  5/8/13  4:44 PM  Page 3

Growing Markets with Unmet Needs

Oncology, US

Other 
280,000

Breast
232,000

Colorectal 
143,000

Melanoma
77,000

Head & Neck 
67,000

Neurology, US
Parkinson’s Disease
1,500,000

Alzheimer’s Disease
5,200,000

Lung 
228,000

Prostate
239,000

Dementia with Lewy Body
800,000

Essential Tremor
10,000,000

Sources (Incidence): ACS Cancer Facts & Figures, 2013 (except
H&N which are from WHO Cancer Incidence Rates); Globocan 2010
(IARC)

Sources (Prevalence): APDA Basic Info About PD
Alzheimer’s Association: 2013 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts & Figures
Lewy Body Dementia Association: What is LBD?
International Essential Tremor Foundation: Facts About ET

Delivering on the Promise: Lymphoseek
The development and commercialization of precision radiopharmaceuticals to empower clinical decision-
making  and  enhance  patient  care  are  crucial  to  Navidea’s  vision.   Lymphoseek  represents  an  important
validation of this vision.

Currently approved for patients with breast cancer and melanoma, Lymphoseek enters a lymphatic mapping
marketplace characterized by unmet need and a lack of technological innovation that has endured for decades.
We estimate that lymphatic mapping is utilized in approximately 70% of the new cases of breast cancer and
melanoma each year.  We believe, from experience shared by our clinical
investigators, that Lymphoseek provides physicians with a more precise
option in lymphatic mapping.  It enables efficient use of resources in the
clinical  setting  for  optimal  productivity  in  both  nuclear  medicine
departments  and  operating  rooms.  Importantly,  we  also  believe  that
Lymphoseek  offers  potential  cost  savings  versus  current  surgical
procedures and that for the patient, it may reduce hospital stays and result
in fewer, less severe adverse outcomes. 

“Our experience with Lymphoseek suggests
a very high level of accuracy in the
identification and mapping of lymph nodes
that may significantly improve the precision
and practicality of lymphatic mapping
procedures, and provide precision staging
that may help direct post-surgical treatment.”

STEPHEN Y. LAI, M.D., Ph.D., FACS
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER

We are excited to embark on the commercialization of Lymphoseek.  Our
partner, Cardinal Health, is selling and distributing Lymphoseek in the U.S.
through its extensive reach and pre-eminent radiopharmacy network.  For
the specialized distribution and just-in-time delivery expected for radiopharmaceuticals, Cardinal Health nuclear
pharmacies are best-in-class, delivering more than 12 million radiopharmaceutical doses annually to more
than 5,000 hospitals and imaging centers.  We at Navidea will also play an important role in commercial
activities, particularly in the area of medical education, by engaging target physician groups to continue driving
optimal awareness and adoption of Lymphoseek. 

We believe that Lymphoseek is priced fairly and
competitively, and we will receive a true partner’s
share of the revenue generated from each dose of
Lymphoseek administered in the U.S.  Given our
favorable Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and our lean
organization, we expect that a generous portion of
end user revenue will drop to our product EBITDA.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

43196_Insert_Layout 1  5/6/13  6:04 PM  Page 4

Working with payers and providing payer coverage to make Lymphoseek accessible is a top priority.  We have
a robust strategy for Lymphoseek reimbursement and believe we have made good progress in our path to
securing reimbursement and developing support materials.  With the full engagement of leading Key Opinion
Leader  physicians,  advocacy  groups  and  our  distribution  and
manufacturing partners, we believe we are positioned for success. 

We also believe that this is just the beginning of attaining Lymphoseek’s
substantial market potential.  We plan to further grow the product through
capitalizing  on  the  global  market  outside  of  the  U.S.  with  our  MAA
approval expected by year end; broadening into additional, large patient
populations  such  as  head  and  neck  and  colorectal  cancers;  and
enhancing the Lymphoseek brand through a potential label extension into
sentinel lymph node biopsy. 

“As early funders of the research that led to
Lymphoseek, we’re encouraged by the ability
to more accurately track cancer’s spread so
that doctors can treat breast cancer more
effectively, without the likelihood of removing
unaffected lymph nodes.” 

CHANDINI PORTTEUS
VICE PRESIDENT OF RESEARCH,
EVALUATION AND SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS 
SUSAN G. KOMEN FOR THE CURE

A Stronger Portfolio for Value Enhancement
We also made critical development progress with our neurological pipeline.  As the healthcare industry moves
toward earlier evaluation and treatment of cognitive impairment, the demand has increased significantly for
improved diagnostic tools that can identify clinical dementia and cognitive impairment before it has fully
developed. It is widely believed that if Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could be diagnosed at an earlier stage, before
clinical  dementia  has  fully  developed,  the  potential  for  successful
intervention  with  current  and  future  treatments  could  be  improved
considerably.   

“For earlier diagnosis and therapeutic
intervention in AD to be a reality, clinicians
will need access to reliable, practical and
affordable imaging options.  In our testing,
NAV4694 has demonstrated many desirable
performance characteristics that provide
images that should be more easily and
reliably read in clinical practice than other
earlier-generation F-18 labeled PET tracers.” 

PROFESSOR CHRISTOPHER ROWE, M.D., FRACP
AUSTIN HEALTH
MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA 

NAV4694 has the potential to be a best-in-class β-amyloid imaging agent
to aid in the differential diagnosis of AD and other dementias.  Studies to
date  indicate  that  NAV4694  may  also  possess  imaging  characteristics
needed for earlier differential diagnosis of these dementias.  These include
high binding to β-amyloid and low binding to background white matter,
which provides clean, unambiguous images important for detection of lower
levels  of  amyloid.  A  recently  published  head-to-head  study  comparing
NAV4694  to  the  gold  standard  β-amyloid  binding  tracer,  Pittsburgh
Compound-B (PiB), suggests that NAV4694 images may be more easily
and reliably read in clinical practice than other F-18 labeled PET tracers.  By displaying imaging characteristics
nearly identical to those of PiB, NAV4694 provides the same low background needed for earlier differential
diagnosis while affording the practicality needed for production logistics. To date, we have commenced two
studies with our NAV4694 candidate in Alzheimer’s and dementia indications and anticipate the initiation of
our Phase 3 program for AD later in 2013.  

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

43196_Insert_Layout 1  5/6/13  6:04 PM  Page 5

Parkinsonian syndromes, movement disorders
and  DLB 
represent  another  class  of
neurodegenerative  diseases  with  important
diagnostic  needs.  NAV5001 
is  being
developed as an aid in the differential diagnosis
of  these  often  overlapping  conditions.    In
studies of more than 600 subjects, NAV5001
has  demonstrated  a  high  affinity  for  the
transporter,  a  biomarker  of
dopamine 
Parkinson’s  disease,  enabling  completed
imaging procedures in less than an hour, as
opposed  to  three  to  six  hours  with  current
procedures.  In April 2013, we announced a
collaborative investigator-initiated study in DLB, which is an important first step in recommencing the full clinical
development program for NAV5001.  During 2013, we expect to begin a company-sponsored Phase 2b study
in DLB as well as initiate pivotal parallel Phase 3 registration studies of NAV5001 as an aid in the differential
diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes.

Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorder

Parkinson’s Disease

Our plans for the oncology market also include continued development in the RIGS area, and we continue to
strive to return this program to clinical development in 2013, as well as to continue to augment our robust
radiopharmaceutical pipeline.  

A Strong Outlook for 2013

Our 2013 objectives are to:

• Launch Lymphoseek in the U.S. and generate revenue

• Report results from Lymphoseek studies in head and neck and colorectal cancer aimed at sentinel 

node biopsy indications

• Prepare for potential Supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) submission in the U.S. 

• Receive Lymphoseek MAA approval for Europe and continue registration process in other selected 

regions 

• Secure European and other international distribution partnerships for Lymphoseek

• Continue Phase 2b program of NAV4694 in MCI and initiate Phase 3 program in AD

• Continue Phase 2b efforts for NAV5001 in DLB and initiate Phase 3 program for the differential  

diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes

• Pursue initiation of RIGS clinical study

• Evaluate additional international partnerships

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

43196_Insert_Layout 1  5/6/13  6:04 PM  Page 6

We  see  Navidea’s  future  as  exciting  and  full  of  opportunity.    We  are  commercializing  our  first  precision
diagnostic radiopharmaceutical in a growing U.S. market with a demonstrated need and we expect approval
in Europe before year end. We have programs in place for expansion into additional medical indications that
will set the stage for continuing growth.  Our leadership
position has been enhanced by strategic development
of  our  portfolio,  featuring  first-  and  best-in-class
diagnostic  candidates  designed  to  demonstrate
superior  performance  characteristics  over  existing
technologies and to provide potential competitive and
pricing advantages.  We believe that our cash flow and
available financial resources are sufficient to support the
ongoing  advances  in  our  pipeline  programs  and
operating  needs 
future.
Relationships such as our Cardinal Health partnership
are  a  critical  part  of  our  strategy,  and  we  expect  to
develop  additional  strong  and  mutually  beneficial
relationships  as  we  expand  our  global  reach  and
portfolio.  

foreseeable 

the 

for 

We are incredibly focused on increasing shareholder value through two primary objectives: the first being the
successful execution of our Lymphoseek launch and the second, a focus on our pipeline to create a foundation
for sustained long-term growth.  We are confident that with this strategy, we are well-positioned to deliver a
strong  financial  performance  and  drive  shareholder  value  over  the  long-term.    We  move  forward  with
confidence – navigating the ideas and developing the innovations that empower medical decisions and
improve patient care and outcomes.

Sincerely,

Mark J. Pykett
Chief Executive Officer

Footnotes
i The Essentials of Diagnostics, DXInsights. web accessed 4-28-2013. 

http://www.dxinsights.net/sites/default/files/Essentials_of_Diagnostics.pdf

ii New Radiopharmaceuticals Will Drive Future Growth of PET. BIO-TECH Systems, Inc. Breaking Market News. 

November 15, 2010.

iii Radiopharmaceuticals: A Global Strategic Business Report. October 2011. Global Industry Analysts, Inc.
iv 2011 PET Imaging Market Summary Report. July 2011. IMV Medical Information Division.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-K 

(Mark One) 

  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the fiscal year ended   December 31, 2012 

or 

  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT 

For the transition period from to  

 to  

Commission file number   001-35076_ 

NAVIDEA BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 

31-1080091 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 

425 Metro Place North, Suite 450, Dublin, Ohio 
(Address of principal executive offices) 

43017-1367 
(Zip Code) 

Registrant's telephone number, including area code  

(614) 793-7500 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Common Stock, par value $.001 per share 
(Title of Class) 

NYSE MKT 
(Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 

Yes 

   No 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the 
Act. 

  No 

Yes 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 
Yes 

  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if 
any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 
232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to 
submit and post such files). 

  No 

Yes 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this 
chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or 
information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller 
reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of 
the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer 

Accelerated filer 
Smaller reporting company 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12-b-2 of the Act.) 
Yes 

  No 

The aggregate market value of shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2012 was 
$355,918,124. 

The number of shares of common stock outstanding on March 1, 2013 was 117,610,966. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

None. 

  2 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
References in this report to Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Navidea, the Company, we, our and us refer to 
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.  In January 2012, we 
changed our name to Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. from Neoprobe Corporation.  Navidea was 
chosen as the new name to reflect the Company’s dedication to “NAVigating IDEAs” that translate cutting 
edge innovation and precision diagnostics technology into novel products to advance patient care.  
Historical references within this Annual Report on Form 10-K to Neoprobe Corporation have therefore 
generally been revised to refer to our new name. 

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Act) provides a safe harbor for forward-looking 
statements made by or on behalf of the Company.  Statements in this document which relate to other 
than strictly historical facts, such as statements about the Company’s plans and strategies, expectations 
for future financial performance, new and existing products and technologies, anticipated clinical and 
regulatory pathways, the ability to obtain, and timing of, regulatory approvals of the Company’s products, 
the timing and anticipated results of commercialization efforts, and anticipated markets for the Company’s 
products, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act.  The words “believe,” “expect,” 
“anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements that speak 
only as of the date hereof.  Investors are cautioned that such statements involve risks and uncertainties 
that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical or anticipated results due to many factors 
including, but not limited to, the Company’s continuing operating losses, uncertainty of regulatory 
approvals for and market acceptance of its products, reliance on third party manufacturers, accumulated 
deficit, future capital needs, uncertainty of capital funding, dependence on limited product line and 
distribution channels, competition, limited marketing and manufacturing experience, risks of development 
of new products, and other risks set forth below under Item 1A, “Risk Factors”.  The Company undertakes 
no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. 

PART I 

Item 1.  Business 

Development of the Business 

Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a biopharmaceutical company focused on 
the development and commercialization of precision diagnostics and radiopharmaceutical agents.  Our 
Company’s core mission is to bring the next generation of precision radiopharmaceutical agents to 
market so doctors and patients can readily access, and benefit from, cutting-edge diagnostic science.    

For patients and physicians, we aspire to provide innovative diagnostic imaging agents to improve patient 
care for serious diseases. For our shareholders, we aim to deliver superior growth through our focus on 
our innovative diagnostics platforms and products and efficient business processes. For our employees, 
we provide a culture focused on the direct impact our efforts can have on patients and an innovative 
development environment enabling new breakthrough products. 

Navidea’s current radiopharmaceutical development programs include: 

(cid:120)  Lymphoseek® (technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept) Injection is a novel, receptor-targeted, small-
molecule, radiopharmaceutical designed for use in lymphatic mapping procedures that are 
performed to help stage certain solid tumors.  Lymphoseek is intended to help identify the lymph 
nodes that drain from a primary tumor, which have the highest probability of harboring cancer.  
Lymphoseek was approved for use in lymphatic mapping for breast cancer and melanoma by the 
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on March 13, 2013.  Additional trials, two of which are 
already ongoing in head and neck cancer and colorectal cancer, are anticipated to provide 
support for expanding the utilization of Lymphoseek into multiple other cancer types.  

(cid:120)  NAV4694 is an F-18 radiolabeled positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent being 

developed as an aid in the diagnosis of patients with signs or symptoms of cognitive impairment 
such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). 

  3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(cid:120)  NAV5001 is an Iodine-123 radiolabeled single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 
imaging agent being developed as an aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other 
movement disorders, with potential additional use as a diagnostic aid in dementia.   

(cid:120)  RIGScan™ is a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody being developed as a diagnostic aid for use 
during surgery to help surgeons locate occult or metastatic cancer, with a primary focus on 
colorectal cancer. 

A Brief Look at Our History 

We were originally incorporated in Ohio in 1983 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1988.  From inception 
until January 2012, we operated under the name Neoprobe Corporation.  In January 2012, we changed 
our name to Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. in connection with both the sale of our medical device 
business and our strategic repositioning as a precision diagnostics company focused on “NAVigating 
IDEAS” that result in the development and commercialization of precision diagnostic pharmaceuticals. 

Since our inception, the majority of our efforts and resources have been devoted to the research and 
clinical development of radiopharmaceutical technologies primarily related to the intraoperative diagnosis 
and treatment of cancers.  From the late 1990’s through 2011, we devoted substantial effort towards the 
development and commercialization of medical devices, including a line of handheld gamma detection 
devices which was sold in 2011 and a line of blood flow measurement devices which we operated from 
2001 through 2009. 
(cid:3)
From our inception through August 2011, we manufactured a line of gamma radiation detection medical 
devices called the neoprobe® GDS system (the GDS Business).  From October 1999 through July 2010, 
the GDS products were marketed throughout most of the world through a distribution arrangement with 
Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. (EES), a Johnson & Johnson company.  From July 2010 through August 
2011, the neoprobe GDS system products were marketed through a distribution arrangement with 
Devicor Medical Products, Inc. (Devicor), a successor to EES.  During the fiscal years ended December 
31, 2011 and 2010, we derived revenue from the sale of our GDS system products of $7.6 million and 
$10.0 million, respectively.  Of those amounts, $7.4 million and $9.8 million, respectively, were derived 
from the sale of our GDS system products in the United States, and $166,000 and $182,000, 
respectively, were derived from the sale of our GDS system products in foreign countries. 

In July 2010, Devicor acquired EES’s breast biopsy business, including an assignment of the distribution 
agreement with Navidea.  Shortly after this acquisition, Devicor approached us regarding its interest in 
acquiring the GDS Business.  After careful consideration of Devicor’s proposal and in-depth discussion 
regarding the changes this transaction would have on our strategy and focus, the Company’s Board of 
Directors authorized the sale of the GDS Business to Devicor (the Asset Sale) and we executed an Asset 
Purchase Agreement (APA) with Devicor in May 2011.  Our stockholders approved the Asset Sale at our 
Annual Meeting of Stockholders on August 15, 2011, and the Asset Sale closed on August 17, 2011, 
consistent with the terms of the APA.  Under the terms of the APA, we sold the assets and assigned 
certain liabilities that were primarily related to the GDS Business.  In exchange for the assets of the GDS 
Business, Devicor made net cash payments to us totaling $30.3 million, assumed certain liabilities of the 
Company associated with the GDS Business, and agreed to make royalty payments to us of up to an 
aggregate maximum amount of $20 million based on the net revenue attributable to the GDS Business 
over the course of the next six fiscal years. 

The cornerstone of our current business was established in 2001 when we restarted our pharmaceutical 
development by entering into a worldwide license agreement for Lymphoseek with the Regents of the 
University of California through their San Diego affiliate (UCSD).  In 2004, we initiated our first corporate-
sponsored clinical trial of Lymphoseek.  Our business strategy is focused on advancing Navidea as a 
leader in the area of precision diagnostics, a field aimed at helping physicians deliver the right treatment 
to the right patient at the right time. 

  4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Our Technology and Product Candidates 

We have a deep understanding of and experience in translating precision diagnostics technology, 
particularly in the area of radiopharmaceuticals, into novel products to advance patient care.  Innovative 
precision diagnostic agents hold the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, clinical decision-making 
and patient care.  Navidea’s pipeline includes clinical-stage radiopharmaceutical agents used to identify 
the presence and status of disease to achieve these objectives. 

Lymphoseek – The First and Only FDA-Approved Receptor-Targeted Radiopharmaceutical Lymphatic 
Mapping Agent  

Lymphoseek is a lymph node targeting radiopharmaceutical agent intended for use in intraoperative 
lymphatic mapping (ILM) procedures and lymphoscintigraphy employed in the overall diagnostic 
assessment of certain solid tumor cancers.  Lymphoseek has the potential to provide oncology surgeons 
with information to identify key predictive lymph nodes that may harbor cancer and to help avoid the 
unnecessary removal of non-cancerous lymph nodes and the surrounding tissue in patients with a variety 
of solid tumor cancers.  Lymphoseek was approved and indicated for use in lymphatic mapping for breast 
cancer and melanoma by the FDA on March 13, 2013.  Additional trials, two of which are already ongoing 
in head and neck cancer and colorectal cancer, are anticipated to provide support for expanding the 
utilization of Lymphoseek into multiple other cancer types. 

The Lymph System: Infection Fighter and Cancer Conduit 

The lymph system is a critical component of the body’s immune system.  Comprised of a complex 
network of organs, nodes, ducts and vessels, the lymph system transports lymph – a fluid rich in white 
blood cells, known as lymphocytes – from tissues into the bloodstream.  The key components of the 
lymph system are lymph nodes – small anatomic structures that contain disease-fighting lymphocytes, 
filter lymph of bacteria and cancer cells, and signal infection in response to heightened levels of 
pathogens. 

The lymph system is also a common pathway for cancer to spread, or metastasize.  In fact, malignant 
cells will often infiltrate lymph nodes as an initial step of the metastatic process.  An assessment of the 
degree of lymph node involvement is instrumental to staging cancer, enabling suitable treatment 
regimens and offering more accurate prognosis.  Studies in a broad range of malignancies demonstrate 
that the greater the extent of lymph node involvement, the poorer the likely outcome. 

ILM: Targeting High-Risk Nodes 

Until the 1990s, cancer patients would often undergo extensive surgeries involving the removal and 
biopsy of large numbers of lymph nodes to assess disease progress. Studies subsequently showed that 
as many as 80 percent of node dissections ultimately revealed no sign of cancer, exposing patients to 
significant pain, morbidity, debilitating adverse effects and long recovery times for little benefit.  

Over the last two decades, ILM, using injected dyes or radiopharmaceutical agents, has become a widely 
accepted, less invasive technique to identify potentially cancerous lymph nodes.  Upon injection, these 
tracing agents follow the natural drainage path from the primary tumor into the first tier of surrounding 
lymph nodes.  The initial nodes in this pathway – key predictive nodes called sentinel nodes that are most 
likely to harbor cancer – are of critical importance in gauging the degree of infiltration.  If this initial node 
or nodes show no sign of cancer cells, there is a high likelihood that lymph nodes further along the 
continuum are cancer-free.  If the sentinel node is positive for disease, a more comprehensive resection 
of nodes may be warranted.  Regardless, a patient can be more accurately staged in light of knowledge 
that cancer has moved from the primary tumor site into the lymphatic system. 

  5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lymphoseek: Tracing the Path to an ILM Advance   

ILM has become the cancer-staging procedure of choice for oncology surgeons because it helps them 
focus on key predictive lymph nodes and reduce patient exposure to unnecessary surgical complications.  
Lymphoseek is a radiolabeled diagnostic for detection of the key predictive lymph nodes draining the 
tumor region.  Lymphoseek is purposely-designed to accumulate in lymphatic tissue by specifically 
binding to mannose binding receptor (MBR; CD206) proteins present on the surface of immune cells.  
Lymphoseek is a macromolecule consisting of multiple units of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid 
(DTPA) and mannose, each synthetically attached to a 10 kDa dextran backbone.  The mannose acts as 
a ligand for the receptor, and the DTPA serves as a chelating agent for labeling with the radio-isotope 
Technetium Tc 99m. 

In clinical studies, Lymphoseek has demonstrated significant benefits over an approved comparator 
agent, vital blue dye (VBD).  In Navidea’s Phase 3 clinical studies of Lymphoseek, it detected over 97 
percent of positive nodes identified by VBD.  Conversely, VBD missed 31 percent of the overall nodes 
identified by Lymphoseek.  More importantly, VBD missed 21 percent of nodes identified by Lymphoseek 
that were subsequently confirmed as containing cancer, whereas Lymphoseek missed less than 1 
percent of these cancer-positive nodes, representing a greater than twenty-fold reduction in the rate at 
which cancer-positive lymph nodes were missed.  Importantly, this resulted in 9.2% of subjects in our 
Phase 3 clinical studies being up-staged by the use of Lymphoseek in cases that would have been under-
staged using VBD alone. 

In the U.S., ILM employs a non-standard, Technetium 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceutical agent known 
as sulfur-colloid (TcSC) which was recently approved by the FDA based on a literature review for use in 
ILM for breast cancer and melanoma.  In contrast, Lymphoseek was studied in two well-controlled, 
prospective Phase 3 trials which compared Lymphoseek to VBD, the same color agent utilized in the 
literature-based FDA assessment of TcSC. 

An abstract reviewing a meta-analysis of Phase 3 clinical trials for ILM of lymph nodes in breast cancer, 
compared to standard of care techniques including colloid agents, was published in conjunction with the 
2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).  The abstract entitled, “The 
novel receptor targeted (CD206) 99mTc-labeled tilmanocept versus the currently employed Tc99m-sulfur 
colloid in intraoperative lymphatic mapping (ILM) on key performance metrics in breast cancer” was 
published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology Online 2012; e21066. 

Assessment by meta-analysis and pooled analysis methods have been completed comparing 
Lymphoseek alone to TcSC plus VBD used together in subjects with breast cancer, employing the data 
provided in the FDA’s approval of TcSC.  Two endpoints were evaluated; the Localization Rate, which is 
the percentage of subjects with one or more radio-detected (Lymphoseek) or radio-detected and/or blue 
dye-positive (TcSC/VBD) nodes and the Degree of Localization, which is the number of nodes detected 
per subject.  Both of these metrics help define the potential for an imaging agent’s performance in ILM 
and the potential identification of metastasis to lymph nodes.  The Localization Rate for TcSC/VBD was 
94%.  The Localization Rate for Lymphoseek was statistically significantly greater at 99.91% by meta-
analysis and 98.65% by pooled analysis (p<0.0001 and p<0.008, respectively).  The Degree of 
Localization derived from the publication database for TcSC/VBD was 1.6 nodes per subject and for 
Lymphoseek it was 2.08 per subject by meta-analysis and 2.16 per subject by pooled analysis (p<0.0001 
and p<0.0001, respectively).  The analysis concluded that, in breast cancer, Lymphoseek provided 
significantly greater performance over the current ILM standard of care techniques in the key metrics of 
lymph node localization and identification of the number of lymph nodes found per subject. 

In June 2012, we published data developed from Phase 3 trials of Lymphoseek demonstrating important 
performance characteristics of Lymphoseek compared to a commercially available radiolabeled colloid 
used in intra-operative lymphatic mapping.  The analysis evaluated the performance of Lymphoseek to a 
meta-analysis of published data for 99m-Tc-labeled nanocolloid human serum albumin (Nanocoll®), 
commercially available and considered a standard of care in Europe.  Data for Nanocoll were derived 
from a meta-analysis of published literature that reported on the outcomes of localization rate (the 

  6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
proportion of subjects with at least one localized lymph node), and degree of localization (the average 
number of localized nodes relative to the subject population).  Data for Lymphoseek were derived from a 
meta-analysis of two completed Lymphoseek Phase 3 clinical trials.  Lymphoseek demonstrated a 
localization rate of 99.9% whereas Nanocoll showed a 95.9% localization rate.  The degree of 
Lymphoseek localization was 2.16 (CI 1.99-2.36), whereas the colloid standard of care showed 1.67 (CI 
0.94-0.98).  The differences between Lymphoseek and Nanocoll in both of these parameters were 
statistically significant (p < 0.0001).  The study, “The efficacy of Tilmanocept in sentinel lymph node 
mapping and identification in breast cancer patients: a comparative review and meta-analysis of the 99m-
Tc-labeled nanocolloid human serum albumin standard of care,”  can be found in the online edition of the 
peer-reviewed journal Clinical and Experimental Metastasis [DOI 10.1007/s10585-012-9497-x].  In 
September 2012, we announced the presentation of related data at the European Society of Surgical 
Oncology annual meeting. 

We believe Lymphoseek’s unique properties in ILM and lymphoscintigraphy may offer several potential 
advantages over agents currently used in ILM, including: 

(cid:120) 

Improved presence in key predictive lymph nodes (distinct mechanism of action allows for 
effective identification of key tumor-draining lymph nodes)  

(cid:120)  More rapid clearance of the injection site (detectable in lymph nodes within 10 minutes and up to 

30 hours) 

(cid:120)  Reduced patient trauma, morbidity and injection pain  
(cid:120)  Faster nuclear medicine imaging – reduced nuclear medicine downtime (detectable in lymph 

nodes within 10 minutes and up to 30 hours)  

(cid:120)  Enhanced operating room efficiency; reduced operating room idle time (ILM can be performed 

from 15 minutes up to 15 hours post-injection) 

(cid:120)  Enhanced hospital and healthcare plan reimbursement 

Expansion of ILM for staging of colon, prostate, gastric, lung and other cancers  

The application of ILM to solid tumor cancer management has been most widely developed in the breast 
cancer and melanoma indications.  Numerous clinical studies, involving thousands of patients, published 
in peer-reviewed medical journals as far back as Oncology (January 1999) and The Journal of The 
American College of Surgeons (December 2000), have indicated sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is 
approximately 95% accurate in predicting the presence or absence of disease spread in melanoma and 
breast cancers.  Consequently, it is estimated that more than 80% of breast cancer patients who would 
otherwise have undergone full axillary lymph node dissections (ALND), involving the removal of as many 
as 20 - 30 lymph nodes, might be spared this radical surgical procedure and concomitant morbidity if the 
sentinel node was found to be free of cancer. 

Although ILM has found its greatest acceptance in breast cancer and melanoma, we believe that 
Lymphoseek may be instrumental in extending ILM into other solid tumor cancers such as prostate, 
gastric, colon, head and neck, and non-small cell lung.  Investigations in these other cancer types have 
thus far met with mixed levels of success due in part, we believe, to limitations associated with currently 
available radioactive tracing agents.  We believe our development of Lymphoseek may positively impact 
the effectiveness of ILM in such expanded applications. 

Lymphoseek Clinical Development 

The initial pre-clinical evaluations of Lymphoseek were completed by UCSD in 2001.  Since that time, 
Navidea, in cooperation with UCSD, has completed or initiated five Phase 1 clinical trials, one multi-
center Phase 2 trial and three multi-center Phase 3 trials involving Lymphoseek.  Two comprehensive 
Phase 3 studies have been completed in subjects with breast cancer and melanoma.  These pivotal 
Phase 3 results have been presented at scientific conferences of a number of the world’s leading 
oncology associations and nuclear medicine societies, including the American Society of Clinical 
Oncology and the Society for Nuclear Medicine.  Earlier-phase studies conducted at UCSD through 

  7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
grants from the Susan B. Komen Breast Cancer Research Foundation have been published in leading 
medical journals including Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Annals of Surgical Oncology.  Clinical 
research continues with a Phase 3 trial involving subjects with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.    

Lymphoseek development has involved feedback from the FDA at a number of stages along the 
development pathway.  In early 2005, the UCSD physician Investigational New Drug (IND) application 
was transferred to Navidea and we assumed full clinical and commercial responsibility for the 
development of Lymphoseek.  Additional non-clinical testing was successfully completed in late 2005.  
None of the non-clinical studies revealed any toxicity issues associated with the drug.  To provide 
commercially-produced Lymphoseek needed for clinical study, Navidea engaged Reliable 
Biopharmaceutical Corporation (Reliable) to manufacture the drug substance and OSO 
BioPharmaceuticals Manufacturing LLC (OsoBio, formerly Cardinal Health PTS) for commercial 
manufacturing of the final drug product.   

We completed a successful Phase 2 clinical study of Lymphoseek in 80 subjects in June 2007 and 
announced positive results later that year.  Localization of Lymphoseek to lymphoid tissue was confirmed 
by pathology in over 99% of the lymph node tissue samples removed during the Phase 2 trial.  We held 
an end of Phase 2 meeting with the FDA during late October 2007.  Results of the study were published 
in the February 2011 online edition of the Annals of Surgical Oncology. 

From  2008 to March 2009, we undertook and completed a Phase 3 clinical study in subjects with either 
breast cancer or melanoma (NEO3-05), an open label trial of node-negative subjects designed to 
evaluate the safety and the accuracy of Lymphoseek in identifying the lymph nodes draining from the 
subject’s primary tumor site.  The primary efficacy objective of the study was a statistically acceptable 
concordance rate between the identification of lymph nodes with VBD and Lymphoseek.  In addition, a 
secondary endpoint of the study was to pathologically examine lymph nodes identified by either VBD or 
Lymphoseek to determine if cancer was present in the lymph nodes. 

In June 2009, we initiated a Phase 3 trial in subjects with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on the 
head or in the mouth (NEO3-06).  The NEO3-06 study was designed to expand the potential labeling for 
Lymphoseek to other cancer types and include a sentinel lymph node targeting claim.   

In March 2010, Navidea met with the FDA to review the clinical outcomes of the NEO3-05 Phase 3 trial.  
The meeting included a review of the efficacy and safety results of the study and Navidea’s plans for the 
submission of a New Drug Application (NDA) for Lymphoseek based on the results of NEO3-05 and other 
previously completed clinical studies.  In July 2010, Navidea initiated enrollment in another Phase 3 
clinical evaluation of Lymphoseek in subjects with either breast cancer or melanoma (NEO3-09) accruing 
subjects primarily for purposes of augmenting the safety population and supporting expanded product 
labeling claims.  Based on guidance received in the March 2010 meeting, we planned to file data related 
to the NEO3-09 trial as part of a planned major amendment to the primary NDA. 

In October 2010, Navidea met with the FDA for a pre-NDA assessment for Lymphoseek.  As a result of 
the pre-NDA assessment, the FDA requested that data from both the completed NEO3-05 study and the 
NEO3-09 study then in progress be included in the Company’s primary NDA for Lymphoseek rather than 
submitting the NEO3-09 study safety data as a planned major amendment to the ongoing NDA review, as 
initially intended.  The pre-NDA assessment resulted in no modification to the NEO3-09 trial design or 
endpoints or to any of the other previously agreed-to clinical or regulatory components of the 
Lymphoseek NDA. 

Upon completion of the NEO3-09 study in early 2011, Navidea submitted the NDA for Lymphoseek in 
August 2011, and was notified of acceptance of the NDA by the FDA in October 2011.  The Lymphoseek 
NDA submission was based on the clinical results of the NEO3-05 and NEO3-09 Phase 3 clinical studies 
and other completed clinical and non-clinical evaluations.  The safety database submitted with the NDA 
included data from over five hundred subjects and identified no significant drug-related adverse events. 

  8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In October 2012, we announced peer-reviewed publication of results of Lymphoseek from Phase 3 
Clinical Trials in Melanoma in the Annals of Surgical Oncology.  In the trials, a total of 154 subjects with 
melanoma from 15 centers received Lymphoseek followed by VBD and then underwent sentinel lymph 
node mapping.  Lymph nodes that demonstrated Lymphoseek uptake and/or the presence of blue dye 
were removed and examined for the presence of tumor.  Of the 235 blue-dyed lymph nodes removed 
from the 154 subjects, 232 (98.7%) demonstrated Lymphoseek uptake (p<0.001).  The performance of 
Lymphoseek in intraoperative lymph node identification was also assessed.  Of the 154 subjects injected 
with both Lymphoseek and VBD who underwent surgical removal of the lymph nodes, 150 subjects 
(97.4%) had at least one radioactive node due to Lymphoseek uptake, and 138 subjects (89.6%) had at 
least one blue node.  This difference was statistically significant (p<0.002).  Melanoma-containing lymph 
nodes were detected in 34 (22.1%) subjects; Lymphoseek identified all 45 melanoma-positive lymph 
nodes found in the 34 subjects.  Four of these 34 node-positive subjects were detected exclusively by 
Lymphoseek.  Blue dye detected 36 of the 45 melanoma-positive lymph nodes, but no melanoma-positive 
lymph nodes were detected exclusively by blue dye. 

Clinical research continues with an ongoing Phase 3 trial involving subjects with head and neck 
squamous cell carcinoma (NEO3-06).  The NEO3-06 clinical study was designed to provide evidence of 
Lymphoseek performance in a third cancer type and to potentially expand the product label for 
Lymphoseek.  In January 2013, we announced that we had accrued sufficient subjects in our NEO3-06 
study in subjects with head and neck cancer to enable us to conduct a pre-planned interim analysis.  This 
Phase 3 trial of Lymphoseek is designed to demonstrate the performance of Lymphoseek in identifying 
sentinel lymph nodes in subjects with squamous cell carcinoma on the head or in the mouth.  The interim 
analysis will compare the pathological analysis of the sentinel lymph nodes localized using Lymphoseek 
with that of all the lymph nodes removed during a full nodal dissection surgery of the head and neck.  
This full dissection surgery is considered the gold standard for determining the presence and extent of 
cancer and staging of the disease in such subjects.  A total of 83 subjects who underwent pre-planned, 
full dissection surgery were enrolled to the interim analysis point.  Results from three investigators 
participating in the NEO3-06 trial representing approximately half of the enrolled subjects were presented 
at major scientific conferences during 2012, all of which noted a 0% false negative rate in the subjects.  
Results from the full interim statistical analysis and reporting of the findings will be available upon 
completion of full site and data audits planned for later in 2013.    

Following the FDA’s acceptance of our Lymphoseek NDA filing in October 2011, the FDA established a 
Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date for Lymphoseek of June 10, 2012.  In April 2012, the FDA 
notified us that the Agency had elected to modify the PDUFA date for Lymphoseek by 90 days to 
September 10, 2012 from the initial PDUFA date of June 10, 2012.  On September 10, 2012, we received 
a complete response letter (CRL) from the FDA.  The decision was focused on deficiencies in current 
Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) identified by the FDA during their pre-approval site inspections of 
third-party contract manufacturing facilities, and was not related to the efficacy or safety data filed within 
the Lymphoseek NDA.  On October 30, 2012, we resubmitted our NDA in response to the CRL.  
Following the FDA’s acceptance of our Lymphoseek NDA resubmission, the FDA established a new 
PDUFA date for Lymphoseek of April 30, 2013.   Lymphoseek was subsequently approved and indicated 
for use in lymphatic mapping procedures in breast cancer and melanoma by the FDA on March 13, 2013. 

Navidea was advised in February 2012 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Committee for 
Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) that the Committee had adopted the advice of the Scientific 
Advice Working Party (SAWP) regarding the Lymphoseek development program and determined that 
Lymphoseek is eligible for a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) submission based on clinical data 
accumulated from completed pivotal studies and supporting clinical literature.  We submitted our MAA for 
Lymphoseek to the EMA in December 2012.   

We cannot assure you that Lymphoseek will achieve regulatory approval in the EU or any market outside 
the U.S. or if approved, that it will achieve market acceptance in any market.  See Risk Factors. 

  9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
NAV4694 – Precision Imaging Agent to Aid in Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease 

In December 2011, we executed a license agreement with AstraZeneca AB for NAV694, a proprietary 
compound that is primarily intended for use in diagnosing AD and other central nervous system disorders.  
The license agreement is effective until the later of the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of 
NAV4694 or the expiration of the underlying patents.  Under the terms of the license agreement, 
AstraZeneca granted us an exclusive worldwide royalty-bearing license for NAV4694 with the right to 
grant sublicenses.  In consideration for the license rights, we paid AstraZeneca a license issue fee of $5.0 
million upon execution of the agreement.  We also agreed to pay AstraZeneca up to $6.5 million in 
contingent milestone payments based on the achievement of certain clinical development and regulatory 
filing milestones, and up to $11.0 million in contingent milestone payments due following receipt of certain 
regulatory approvals and the initiation of commercial sales of the licensed product.  In addition, we 
agreed to pay AstraZeneca a royalty on net sales of licensed and sublicensed products.  

NAV4694 is a Fluorine-18 labeled precision radiopharmaceutical candidate for use in the imaging and 
evaluation of patients with signs or symptoms of cognitive impairment such as AD.  NAV4694 binds to 
beta-amyloid deposits in the brain that can then be imaged in PET scans.  Amyloid plaque pathology is a 
required feature of AD and the presence of amyloid pathology is a supportive feature for diagnosis of 
probable AD.  Patients who are negative for amyloid pathology do not have AD. 

Based on the data accumulated to date, NAV4694 appears to have better sensitivity and specificity in 
detecting beta-amyloid than other agents in development.  Due to its high affinity for amyloid, improved 
contrast, and enhanced uptake in the amyloid-target regions of interest in the brain compared with low 
uptake in white matter background, better signal-to-noise ratios have been observed.  Greater contrast 
may enable the ability to detect smaller amounts of amyloid and earlier identification of disease, as well 
as the opportunity to detect smaller changes in amyloid levels and monitor disease progression over time. 

Beta-Amyloid Imaging for Alzheimer’s Disease 

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease which affects a person’s 
memory and ability to learn, reason, communicate and carry out daily activities. Increasing age is the 
greatest risk factor for AD and there is no prevention or cure.  The World Health Organization estimates 
that AD affects over 24 million people worldwide.  Currently in the U.S. alone, there are over 5 million 
Alzheimer’s patients and according to Alzheimer’s Association (AA) estimates, as many as 16 million 
Americans could have the disease by 2050.  Among the brain changes evident in the development of AD 
is the accumulation of the protein beta-amyloid outside nerve cells (neurons) in the brain.  Somewhere 
around 100 experimental therapies aimed at slowing or stopping the progression of AD are now 
undergoing clinical evaluation.  Regardless of causative associations, beta-amyloid levels continue to be 
viewed as a reliable marker of AD. 

There is a need for improvements in testing and diagnosis for AD.  While there is an accepted diagnostic 
process for assessing dementia, the only currently definitive diagnosis for AD is a post-mortem analysis 
of brain tissue.  A positive finding of plaques and tangles in the brain upon autopsy leads to this definitive 
diagnosis, which is too late to benefit the patient.  For this reason, the AD and imaging communities have 
been interested in an effective biomarker of AD which could facilitate earlier definitive diagnosis. 

Alzheimer’s disease imaging agents are potentially powerful tools aiding in the diagnosis of AD as well as 
the evaluation of new drugs aiming to modify amyloid plaque levels and alter disease progression.  The 
prototype agent in this diagnostic quest was identified almost a decade ago at the University of 
Pittsburgh.  This imaging agent targets the deposits of amyloid plaque which are a hallmark of AD 
pathology.  This agent, frequently referred to as Pittsburgh B, or PIB, is a radiolabeled small molecule 
utilized with PET imaging.  As such, the PIB tracer provided strong image resolution and was able to 
distinguish significant amyloid burdens in the brains of AD patients as opposed to the relative absence of 
amyloid in subjects without AD.  Unfortunately, PIB uses C-11, a very short-lived radio-isotope, and thus 
cannot be readily commercialized. 

 10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other PET amyloid tracers are currently moving through the drug development process.  Like PIB, these 
compounds are also high-resolution PET tracers, but utilize an F-18 isotope, which permits broader 
effective distribution.   

These agents constitute a major step forward, but each has potential limitations.  Navidea’s NAV4694 
appears to have several important advantages including clean images with less white matter uptake for 
identification of lower levels of amyloid and earlier detection; images that are easier to read and interpret; 
and images that can be acquired more quickly. 
NAV4694 Clinical Development 

NAV4694 has been studied in rigorous pre-clinical studies and several clinical trials in humans.  Clinical 
studies through Phase 2 have included 140 subjects to date, both suspected AD patients and healthy 
volunteers.  Results suggest that NAV4694 has the potential ability to image patients quickly and safely 
with high sensitivity and specificity.  We are currently supporting a Phase 2 trial that we initiated in 
September 2012, primarily to expand the safety database for the compound.  We also expect to initiate a 
Phase 2b trial in subjects with mild cognitive impairment in early 2013, as well as a Phase 3 autopsy-
based trial in the first half of 2013, to support registration in the U.S. and the EU.  We cannot assure you, 
however, that further clinical trials for this product will be successful, that it will achieve regulatory 
approval, or if approved, that it will achieve market acceptance.  See Risk Factors. 

NAV5001 

In January 2012, we executed an option agreement with Alseres Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Alseres) to 
sublicense NAV5001.  Under the terms of the option agreement, Navidea paid Alseres an option fee of 
$500,000 for the exclusive right to negotiate a definitive sublicense agreement by June 30, 2012.  In 
order to perform thorough due diligence, Navidea extended the option period from June 30, 2012, to July 
31, 2012.  On July 31, 2012, we entered into an agreement to sublicense NAV5001 from Alseres.  Under 
the terms of the sublicense agreement, Alseres granted Navidea an exclusive, worldwide sublicense to 
research, develop and commercialize NAV5001.  The final terms of the agreement required Navidea to 
make a one-time sublicense execution payment to Alseres equal to (i) $175,000 in cash and (ii) 300,000 
shares of our common stock.  The sublicense agreement also provides for contingent milestone 
payments of up to $2.9 million, $2.5 million of which will principally occur at the time of product 
registration or upon commercial sales, and the issuance of up to an additional 1.15 million shares of 
Navidea common stock, 950,000 shares of which are issuable at the time of product registration or upon 
commercial sales.  In addition, the sublicense terms anticipate royalties on annual net sales of the 
approved product which are consistent with industry-standard terms and certain sublicense extension 
fees, payable in cash and shares of common stock, in the event certain diligence milestones are not met. 

NAV5001 is a patented, novel, Iodine-123 labeled small molecule radiopharmaceutical used with SPECT 
imaging to identify the status of specific regions in the brains of patients suspected of having PD.  The 
agent binds to the dopamine transporter (DAT) on the cell surface of dopaminergic neurons in the 
striatum and substantia nigra regions of the brain.  Loss of these neurons is a hallmark of PD. 

NAV5001 has been administered to over 600 subjects to date.  Results from clinical trials have 
demonstrated that NAV5001 has high affinity for DAT and rapid kinetics which enable the generation of 
clean images quickly, beginning within about 20 minutes after injection, while other agents typically have 
waiting periods from 4 to 24 hours before imaging can occur.  In addition to its potential use as an aid in 
the differential diagnosis of PD and movement disorders, NAV5001 may also be useful in the diagnosis of 
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), one of the most common forms of dementia after AD.  We expect to 
initiate a Phase 2b trial in subjects with DLB in the first half of 2013, as well as a Phase 3 trial in subjects 
with PD in the second half of 2013.  We cannot assure you, however, that further clinical trials for this 
product will be successful, that it will achieve regulatory approval, or if approved, that it will achieve 
market acceptance.  See Risk Factors. 

 11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RIGScan 

RadioImmunoGuided Surgery (RIGS®) is a technique to provide diagnostic information during cancer 
surgery.  RIGS is intended to enable a surgeon to identify and delineate occult or metastatic cancerous 
tissue “targeted” through the use of RIGScan, a radiolabeled, cancer-specific targeting antibody.  
RIGScan is administered prior to surgery and is identified by pre-operative imaging or during surgery with 
a gamma detection probe, thereby assisting a surgeon in identifying the location of cancerous tissues.  
Before surgery, a cancer patient is injected with the antibody which circulates throughout the patient’s 
body and binds specifically to cancer cell antigens or receptors.  Concentrations of the antibody within 
affected tissue are then detected using imaging methods prior to surgery or a gamma probe during 
surgery to direct the surgeon to targeted tissue for removal. 

Our RIGScan technology is a radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibody that serves as the biologic 
targeting agent for intraoperative detection of occult or metastatic cancer.  The antibody localizes or binds 
to tumor antigen called TAG-72 expressed on solid tumor cancers.  RIGScan is intended to be used in 
conjunction with other diagnostic methods for the detection of the extent and location of occult tumor and 
tumor metastases in patients with such cancers, potentially including colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, 
prostate cancer and other cancers of epithelial origin.  The detection of clinically occult tumor is intended 
to provide the surgeon with a more accurate assessment of the extent of disease, and therefore may 
impact the surgical and therapeutic management of the patient. 

RIGScan Clinical Development 

The RIGScan approach has been studied in several clinical trials, including Phase 3 studies.  Results 
from certain of these studies have been published in leading cancer journals including Clinical Cancer 
Research, Annals of Surgical Oncology and Diseases of the Colon and Rectum.  In 1996, Navidea 
submitted applications to the EMA and the FDA for marketing approval of RIGScan for the detection of 
metastatic colorectal cancer based primarily on results of a single Phase 3 clinical trial, NEO2-14, but the 
FDA declined approval, indicating that, in addition to identifying additional pathology-confirmed disease, 
the clinical studies of RIGScan needed to demonstrate clinical utility in enhancing patient outcomes, an 
endpoint which the completed studies were not designed to address.  Navidea withdrew its application to 
the EMA in November 1997. 

To resume RIGScan development, we filed a new investigational new drug (IND) request with the FDA in 
late 2010.  We held a pre-IND meeting with the FDA in February 2011 to define the basic chemistry, 
manufacturing and control (CMC) requirements needed to resume clinical development efforts on 
RIGScan.  The FDA provided guidance regarding enhancing our manufacturing platform, including 
process improvements to increase manufacturing efficiency and the quality of the underlying biologic 
antibody and potentially transitioning from a murine-based antibody to a human-based antibody.  In 
August 2011, we also held a meeting with the SAWP of the EMA and received similar guidance.  With 
this collective guidance, we have transitioned from a murine antibody to a humanized antibody.  In 
September 2012, we were awarded a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to further the 
development of RIGScan.  The first phase of the grant, which has been awarded, is for $315,000; the 
second phase of the grant, which requires that we meet certain conditions, primarily investigational 
review board approval, will be for an additional $1.2 million.  We have focused on manufacturing the 
humanized antibody with the aim of completing the necessary manufacturing steps to support the start of 
clinical development; however, as the scope and required resources for the RIGScan program, 
particularly in light of other development opportunities such as Lymphoseek, NAV4694, NAV5001, or 
other agents continues to be assessed, the timing and scope of our plans for RIGScan may be further 
affected. 

RIGScan is a biologic drug that has not been produced for several years.  We have completed the initial 
steps in assessing the materials required for future clinical testing.  We will need to establish robust 
manufacturing and radiolabeling capabilities for the antibody in order to meet the regulatory needs for the 
RIGScan product.  We cannot assure you that further clinical development will be successful, that the 

 12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FDA or the EMA will clear RIGScan for marketing, or that it will be successfully introduced or achieve 
market acceptance.  See Risk Factors. 

Market Overviews 

Cancer Market Overview 

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. and Western Europe.  The American Cancer 
Society (ACS) estimates that cancer will cause over 580,000 deaths in 2013 in the U.S. alone.  The NIH 
has estimated the overall annual costs for cancer for the U.S. for 2007 at $226.8 billion: $103.8 billion for 
direct medical costs and $123.0 billion for indirect mortality.  For the types of cancer to which our 
oncology agents may be applicable (breast, melanoma, head and neck, prostate, lung, colorectal, 
gastrointestinal and gynecologic), the ACS has estimated that nearly 1.3 million new cases will occur in 
the U.S. in 2013.  An analysis of Globocan 2008 estimates for these same cancer types indicates an 
annual incidence rate for these cancer types in excess of 7.2 million cases outside the U.S. 

Currently, the application of ILM is most established in breast cancer.  Breast cancer is the second 
leading cause of death from cancer among all women in the U.S.  The probability of developing breast 
cancer generally increases with age, rising from about 0.5% in women under age 40 to 6.7% in women 
age 70 or older.  While the incidence rate for breast cancer appears to be decreasing, the overall number 
of new cases of breast cancer is still increasing.  According to the ACS, over 232,000 new cases of 
invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed during 2013 in the U.S. alone.  Thus, we believe 
that the aging of the population, combined with improved education and awareness of breast cancer and 
diagnostic methods, will continue to lead to an increased number of breast cancer surgical diagnostic 
procedures.  While many breast cancer patients are treated in large cancer centers or university 
hospitals, regional and/or community hospitals continue to treat the majority of breast cancer patients. 

The use of ILM is also common in melanoma.  The ACS estimates that approximately 77,000 new cases 
of melanoma will be diagnosed in the U.S. during 2013.  In addition to breast cancer and melanoma, we 
believe that our oncology products may have utility in other cancer types with another 1 million new cases 
expected during 2013 in the U.S. 

If the potential of Lymphoseek as a radioactive tracing agent is ultimately realized, it may address not 
only the current breast and melanoma markets on a procedural basis, but also assist in the clinical 
evaluation and staging of solid tumor cancers and expanding lymph node mapping to other solid tumor 
cancers such as prostate, gastric, colon, head and neck, and non-small cell lung..  However, we cannot 
assure you that Lymphoseek will be cleared to market for cancers other than breast or melanoma, or if 
cleared to market for other cancer types, that it will achieve significant revenue.  See Risk Factors. 

Alzheimer’s Disease Market Overview 

The AA estimates that more than 5.4 million Americans had AD in 2012.  On a global basis, Alzheimer’s 
Disease International estimated in 2010 that there were 36 million people living with dementia.  AA 
estimates that total costs for AD care will be approximately $200 billion in 2012.  AA also estimates that 
there are over 15 million AD and dementia caregivers providing 17.4 billion hours of unpaid care valued 
at over $210 billion.  AD is the sixth-leading cause of death in the country and the only cause of death 
among the top 10 in the U.S. that cannot be prevented, cured or even slowed.  Based on mortality data 
from 2000-2008, death rates have declined for most major diseases while deaths from AD have risen 66 
percent during the same period.  In February 2013, the American Academy of Neurology reported in the 
online issue of Neurology that the number of people with AD may triple by 2050. 

While there are several approved therapies for the treatment of AD, there is significant interest in the 
development of disease-modifying therapeutics that could slow or reverse progression of the disease.  In 
fact, studies with cholinesterase inhibitors and experimental AD therapies suggest therapeutic 
intervention is likely to have a bigger impact on disease progression when dosed in patients with early-
stage disease than in patients with advanced disease. 

 13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For many patients, simply slowing the progression from mild cognitive impairment associated with early-
stage disease to advanced AD could have a material impact on quality of life and medical burden for the 
healthcare system.  Delaying the onset of AD by five years could reduce the disease prevalence by 50% 
during the next few decades and, according to estimates from AA, reduce annual healthcare 
expenditures by more than $50 billion. 

While early detection is the goal of AD staging, there are no validated biomarkers for the onset of 
symptomatic disease.  All AD patients have beta-amyloid plaque deposits in the brain.  Currently, 
detection of the early-stages of AD is based largely on assessing the patient's history of increasing 
cognitive impairment with some patients also receiving testing by an experimental PET scan to confirm 
the presence of amyloid plaque.  The interest in accurate imaging agent biomarkers for the detection of 
beta-amyloid has grown significantly in recent years as physicians are attempting to identify methods for 
detecting amyloid earlier.  

Parkinson’s Disease Market Overview 

Parkinson’s disease, following AD, is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder in the United 
States.  The Parkinson’s Disease Foundation (PDF) estimates that up to 10 million people worldwide are 
living with PD, including 1 million people in the U.S.  Approximately 60,000 new cases of PD are 
diagnosed in the U.S. each year.  The Centers for Disease Control rated complications from PD as the 
14th leading cause of death in the U.S. and as with AD, there is no cure.   

A recent article conservatively estimates that the combined direct and indirect cost of PD exceeds $14.4 
billion per year.  There are approved therapies for the treatment of PD symptoms but these treatments 
often become ineffectual as the disease progresses and none have been approved to modify, slow or 
reverse the disease progression.  The burden of this chronic condition is projected to grow substantially 
over the next few decades as the size of the elderly population grows.  Such projections are driving the 
need for innovative new treatments to prevent, delay onset, or alleviate symptoms of PD.  Slowing 
Parkinson's progression by 50% would reduce health care costs for PD patients by 35%, representing a 
dramatic reduction in cost of care even when spread over a longer expected survival and positively 
impacting the patient quality of life. 

PD is commonly misdiagnosed or completely missed in clinical evaluations as symptoms are often 
attributed to the normal aging process.  Essential tremor and other similar conditions including DLB, AD, 
multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and normal pressure hydrocephalus are also 
common sources of confusion in PD diagnosis.  Collectively, there are over 25 million people in the U.S. 
and Europe with some type of movement disorder, comprising a large differential diagnosis population.  
Current diagnostic guidelines are limited since they characterize PD by the presence of motor symptoms.  
Error rates using clinical diagnostic methods have been reported to be high.  Research has shown the 
importance of who is undertaking a potential PD diagnosis by showing data that nearly half (47%) of PD 
diagnoses are incorrect when performed in the primary care setting, and specialists whose expertise is 
not specific movement disorders have an error rate of approximately 25%, while movement disorder 
specialists are mistaken in only 6% to 8% of cases.  

The interest by the medical community in using imaging as an aid in diagnosing neurological conditions is 
growing.  In PD, people lose dopamine-producing cells in a part of the brain associated with movement.  
Loss of these cells is the hallmark of PD.  Current neuroimaging agents in combination with SPECT 
imaging are able to aid physicians in their diagnosis by visualizing this area of the brain to show the 
degree of loss of these motor neurons. 

Marketing and Distribution 

We believe the most preferable and likely distribution partners for Lymphoseek would be entities with 
established radiopharmaceutical distribution channels, although it is possible that other entities with more 
traditional oncology or neurological pharmaceutical portfolios may also have interest.  Examples of 
entities with established regional and/or global radiopharmaceutical distribution networks include Cardinal 

 14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Health, Covidien/Mallinckrodt GE Healthcare, IBA Molecular, Advanced Accelerator Applications, Eckert 
& Zeigler AG, Lantheus Medical Imaging and Bracco Imaging. 

During the fourth quarter of 2007, we executed an agreement with Cardinal Health’s Nuclear Pharmacy 
Services division for the exclusive distribution of Lymphoseek in the U.S.  The agreement is for a term of 
five years from the date of FDA marketing clearance, March 13, 2013.  Under the terms of this 
agreement, Navidea will receive a significant share of the revenue from each patient dose of Lymphoseek 
sold.  In addition, Navidea will receive up to $3 million in payments upon the achievement of certain sales 
milestones by Cardinal Health.  We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain a successful 
relationship with Cardinal Health, on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. 

We are in various stages of discussion with potential marketing and distribution partners in the EU and 
other world markets; however, we do not currently have distribution agreements covering Lymphoseek in 
any areas of the world other than the U.S.  We currently have no distribution agreements for NAV4694, 
NAV5001 or RIGScan.  In addition, it should be noted that the distribution model we have established 
with Cardinal Health in the U.S. for Lymphoseek may not necessarily be applicable to other markets or 
even our other potential radiopharmaceutical candidates due to differences in regional distribution 
infrastructure, regulation and medical practice patterns.  We cannot assure you that we will be successful 
in securing collaborative partners for other global markets or radiopharmaceutical products, or that we will 
be able to negotiate acceptable terms for such arrangements.   

Manufacturing 

We currently use and expect to continue to be dependent upon contract manufacturers to manufacture 
each of our product candidates.  We have established a quality control and quality assurance program, 
including a set of standard operating procedures and specifications with the goal that our products and 
product candidates are manufactured in accordance with cGMP and other applicable domestic and 
international regulations.  We will need to invest in additional manufacturing and supply chain resources, 
and may seek to enter into additional collaborative arrangements with other parties that have established 
manufacturing capabilities.  It is likely that we will continue to rely on third-party manufacturers for our 
development and commercial products on a contract basis. 

Lymphoseek Manufacturing 

In preparation for the commencement of a multi-center clinical evaluation of Lymphoseek, Navidea 
engaged manufacturing organizations to produce drug used in Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials, and they are 
expected to be used in the ongoing Phase 3 clinical work.  Reliable has produced the drug substance 
and OsoBio has performed final product manufacturing including final drug formulation, lyophilization 
(freeze-drying) and packaging processes.  Once packaged, the vialed drug can then be shipped to a 
hospital or regional commercial radiopharmacy where it will be made radioactive (radiolabeled) with 
technetium-99m (99mTc) to become the final form of Lymphoseek to be administered to a patient.  The 
commercial manufacturing processes at Reliable and OsoBio are being concurrently validated in parallel 
with the approval and commercial launch of Lymphoseek.  Both organizations have assisted Navidea in 
the preparation of the CMC sections of our submissions to the FDA and the EMA.  Both Reliable and 
OsoBio are registered manufacturers with the FDA and/or the EMA. 

In November 2009, we completed a Manufacture and Supply Agreement with Reliable for the 
manufacture of the bulk drug substance with an initial term of 10 years.  At this point, drug product 
produced by OsoBio has been manufactured under clinical development agreements.  A commercial 
supply agreement with OsoBio is in process.  We cannot assure you that we will be successful in 
reaching a commercial supply agreement with OsoBio on terms satisfactory to us, or at all. 

NAV4694 Manufacturing 

Supplies of NAV4694 used in clinical development through Phase 2b were manufactured by AstraZeneca 
through various arrangements.  As a part of the technology transfer process related to our license of 

 15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NAV4694, we are in the process of identifying and contracting with third party manufacturers and 
radiolabeling contractors necessary to build an integrated supply chain to produce the drug product for 
use in further clinical studies as well as for subsequent commercial use.  We are producing drug 
substance, and are developing a commercial drug product kit, along with a commercial radiolabeling 
process and building a network of partners for the manufacture and distribution of NAV4694.  We cannot 
assure you that we will be successful in executing agreements for the supply of NAV4694 on terms 
acceptable to the Company, or at all. 

NAV5001 Manufacturing 

Supplies of NAV5001 used in clinical development through Phase 3 were manufactured by Alseres under 
an agreement they had in place with Nordion, Inc. (Nordion), a Canadian corporation and well-recognized 
manufacturer of 123I and nuclear medicine labeled imaging agents.  As a part of the technology transfer 
process related to our sublicense of NAV5001, we have begun the process of identifying potential 
manufacturers and have initiated preliminary negotiations to produce the drug product for use in further 
clinical studies as well as for subsequent commercial use.  We cannot assure you that we will be 
successful in completing a supply agreement on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. 

RIGScan Manufacturing 

During the third quarter of 2009, we announced that we had executed a Biopharmaceutical Development 
and Supply Agreement for RIGScan with Laureate Biopharmaceutical Services, Inc.  We will need to re-
establish radiolabeling capabilities for the antibody in order to meet the regulatory needs for the RIGScan 
product.  We cannot assure you that we will be successful in completing the necessary development or 
supply agreements to support RIGScan development or commercialization on terms acceptable to the 
Company, or at all. 

Summary 

We cannot assure you that we will be successful in securing and/or maintaining the necessary 
manufacturing, supply and/or radiolabeling capabilities for our product candidates in clinical development.  
If and when established, we also cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain agreements or other 
purchasing arrangements with our subcontractors on terms acceptable to us, or that our subcontractors 
will be able to meet our production requirements on a timely basis, at the required levels of performance 
and quality, including compliance with FDA cGMP requirements.  In the event that any of our 
subcontractors are unable or unwilling to meet our production requirements, we cannot assure you that 
an alternate source of supply could be established without significant interruption in product supply or 
without significant adverse impact to product availability or cost.  Any significant supply interruption or 
yield problems that we or our subcontractors experience would have a material adverse effect on our 
ability to manufacture our products and, therefore, a material adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition, and results of operations until a new source of supply is qualified.  See Risk Factors. 

Competition 

Competition in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is intense. We face competition from a 
variety of companies focused on developing oncology and neurology diagnostic drugs. We compete with 
large pharmaceutical and other specialized biotechnology companies.  We also face competition from 
universities and other non-profit research organizations.  Many emerging medical product companies 
have corporate partnership arrangements with large, established companies to support the research, 
development, and commercialization of products that may be competitive with our products.  In addition, 
a number of large established companies are developing proprietary technologies or have enhanced their 
capabilities by entering into arrangements with or acquiring companies with technologies applicable to the 
detection or treatment of cancer and other diseases targeted by our product candidates.  Smaller 
companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements 
with large pharmaceutical and established biotechnology companies.  Many of these competitors have 
products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, well-funded research and 

 16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
development programs.  Many of our existing or potential competitors have substantially greater financial, 
research and development, regulatory, marketing, and production resources than we have.  Other 
companies may develop and introduce products and processes competitive with or superior to ours.  See 
Risk Factors. 

We expect to encounter significant competition for the principal pharmaceutical products we plan to 
develop. Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and commence 
commercial sales of their products before us may achieve a significant competitive advantage if their 
products work through a similar mechanism as our products and if the approved indications are similar.  A 
number of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies are developing new products for the treatment 
of the same diseases being targeted by us.  In some instances, such products have already entered late-
stage clinical trials or received FDA approval and may be marketed for some period prior to the approval 
of our products.  

We believe that our ability to compete successfully will be based on our ability to create and maintain 
scientifically advanced “best-in-class” technology, develop proprietary products, attract and retain 
scientific personnel, obtain patent or other protection for our products, obtain required regulatory 
approvals and manufacture and successfully market our products, either alone or through third parties.  
We will continue to seek licenses for technologies related to our field of interest and may face competition 
with respect to such efforts.  We expect that competition among products cleared for marketing will be 
based on, among other things, product efficacy, safety, reliability, availability, price, and patent position. 

Lymphoseek Competition 

Surgeons who practice the lymphatic mapping procedure for which Lymphoseek is intended currently use 
other radiopharmaceuticals such as a sulfur colloid compound in the U.S., and other colloidal compounds 
in other markets.  In addition, many surgeons use vital blue dyes to assist in the visual identification of the 
draining lymphatic tissue around a primary tumor.  In the U.S., sulfur colloid is manufactured by 
Pharmalucence.  Sulfur colloid had been used “off-label” in the U.S. for ILM until July 2011, when it was 
approved by the FDA for use in lymphatic mapping in breast cancer patients based on a statistical meta-
analysis of published literature that compared the use of sulfur colloid with that of the vital blue dyes.  The 
product label for sulfur colloid was expanded to cover lymphatic mapping in melanoma in August 2012, 
again on the basis of a meta-analysis of published literature.  In the EU and certain Pacific Rim markets, 
there are other colloidal-based compounds with various levels of approved labeling for use in lymphatic 
mapping, although a number of countries still employ the use of products used “off-label”. 

NAV4694 Competition 

Several potential competitive 18F products have been approved or are in development for use as 
biomarkers to aid in detection of AD.  Developed through Eli Lilly’s wholly-owned Avid 
Radiopharmaceuticals (Avid), florbetapir was reviewed in January 2011 by the FDA Peripheral and 
Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee, which voted 16-0 in favor of recommending that this 
drug be approved for use.  However, the recommendation was contingent on a training program as there 
was significant variability in interpretation among readers of images generated by this agent.  In March 
2011, Avid received an FDA complete response letter primarily focused on the need to establish a reader 
training program to ensure reader accuracy and consistency of interpretations of existing florbetapir 
scans.  In April 2012, Avid received FDA approval to market florbetapir.  Florbetapir also received 
marketing authorization in the EU in January 2013. 

In addition to fluorbetipir, there are two other beta-amyloid imaging agents in late stage development: 
florbetaben from Piramal Enterprises, Imaging Division, who acquired a molecular imaging research and 
development portfolio from Bayer Pharma AG in April 2012, and flutemetamol from GE Healthcare.  Both 
have completed Phase 3 trials.  Data from the Phase 3 study of florbetaben was presented in April 2012.  
The study was designed to evaluate the power of florbetaben to identify whether a suspected AD patient 
has cerebral beta-amyloid deposits.  The data were verified by histological verification in a postmortem 
autopsy.  GE Healthcare is developing another PIB derivative, flutemetamol, for similar application.  NDA 
and MAA submissions for flutemetamol have been accepted by the FDA and EMA, respectively.  The 

 17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
NDA and MAA submissions were based on data from a series of clinical trials, including Phase 3 brain 
autopsy and biopsy studies which showed high sensitivity and specificity for visual image reads as well as 
strong concordance between [18F]flutemetamol PET images and beta amyloid brain pathology.  Data from 
these studies were presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference 2012 in Vancouver 
and the American Academy of Neurology's 64th Annual Meeting in New Orleans.  The filing also includes 
data from a recently completed [18F]flutemetamol PET image reader training validation study, results of 
which will be presented at a scientific forum in coming months. 

NAV5001 Competition 

In July 2000,GE Healthcare received EMA approval to market DaTscan™ (Ioflupane 123I Injection), a 
radiopharmaceutical agent intended for use with SPECT imaging for the detection of dopamine 
transporters in the brains of adult patients with suspected Parkinsonian syndromes, in the EU.  DaTscan 
was developed to help physicians evaluate neurodegenerative movement disorders, such as idiopathic 
(of unknown cause) PD.  In July 2006, GE Healthcare received expanded approval for DaTscan for use in 
DLB.  For patients with dementia, DaTscan has been successfully used in Europe to separate 
Alzheimer’s disease from DLB.  This has important implications in determining which medications can be 
safely used to treat the dementia.  GE Healthcare received FDA approval to market DaTscan in the U.S. 
in January 2011. 

RIGScan Competition 

We do not believe there are any intraoperative diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals directly competitive with 
RIGScan that would be used in the colorectal cancer application at which RIGScan is initially targeted.  
There are other radiopharmaceuticals that are used as preoperative imaging agents; however, we are 
unaware of any that could be used as a real-time diagnostic aid during surgery such as RIGScan. 

Patents and Proprietary Rights 

The patent position of biotechnology, including our company, generally is highly uncertain and may 
involve complex legal and factual questions.  Potential competitors may have filed applications, or may 
have been issued patents, or may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights relating to products or 
processes in the same area of technology as that used by our company.  The scope and validity of these 
patents and applications, the extent to which we may be required to obtain licenses thereunder or under 
other proprietary rights, and the cost and availability of licenses are uncertain.  We cannot assure you 
that our patent applications or those licensed to us will result in additional patents being issued or that 
any of our patents or those licensed to us will afford protection against competitors with similar 
technology; nor can we assure you that any of these patents will not be designed around by others or that 
others will not obtain patents that we would need to license or design around. 

We also rely upon unpatented trade secrets.  We cannot assure you that others will not independently 
develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques, or otherwise gain access to our 
trade secrets, or disclose such technology, or that we can meaningfully protect our rights to our 
unpatented trade secrets. 

We require our employees, consultants, advisers, and suppliers to execute a confidentiality agreement 
upon the commencement of an employment, consulting or manufacturing relationship with us.  The 
agreement provides that all confidential information developed by or made known to the individual during 
the course of the relationship will be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties except in specified 
circumstances.  In the case of employees, the agreements provide that all inventions conceived by the 
individual will be the exclusive property of our company.  We cannot assure you, however, that these 
agreements will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets in the event of an unauthorized use or 
disclosure of such information.  We also employ a variety of security measures to preserve the 
confidentiality of our trade secrets and to limit access by unauthorized persons.  We cannot assure you, 
however, that these measures will be adequate to protect our trade secrets from unauthorized access or 
disclosure. 

 18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lymphoseek Intellectual Property 

Lymphoseek is being developed under exclusive worldwide license from the Regents of the University of 
California through their UCSD affiliate.  The UCSD license grants Navidea the commercialization rights to 
Lymphoseek for diagnostic imaging and intraoperative detection applications. 

Lymphoseek is also the subject of patents and patent applications in the United States and certain major 
foreign markets.  The patents and patent applications are held by The Regents of the University of 
California and have been licensed exclusively to Navidea for lymphatic tissue imaging and intraoperative 
detection worldwide.  The first composition of matter patent covering Lymphoseek was issued in the 
United States in June 2002.  The claims of the composition of matter patent covering Lymphoseek have 
been allowed in the EU and issued in the majority of EU countries in 2005.  The composition of matter 
patent has also been issued in Japan.  We have filed additional patent applications in the U.S. related to 
manufacturing processes for Lymphoseek.  We will also rely on trademark protection for products that we 
expect to commercialize and have registered the mark Lymphoseek® in the U.S. and other markets. 

NAV4694 Intellectual Property 

NAV4694 is being developed under exclusive worldwide license from AstraZeneca.  The NAV4694 
license grants Navidea commercialization rights to the F-18 labeled biomarker for use as an aid in the 
diagnosis of AD.  NAV4694 is the subject of 2 issued patents and 1 patent pending in the U.S. and 9 
issued patents and 57 patents pending in 31 foreign jurisdictions.  In addition, the [18F]NAV4694 drug 
substance and NAV4694 Precursor 214 are the subjects of 2 issued patents and 1 patent pending in the 
U.S. and 9 issued patents and 57 patents pending in 31 foreign jurisdictions. 

NAV5001 Intellectual Property 

NAV5001 is being developed under an exclusive sublicense from Alseres.  The NAV5001 sublicense 
grants Navidea commercialization rights to the Iodine-123 labeled biomarker for use as an aid in the 
diagnosis of PD and other movement disorders, with potential use as a diagnostic aid in dementia.  
NAV5001 is the subject of 3 issued patents and 1 patent pending in the U.S., 1 issued patent in Europe, 
and 9 patents pending in 3 foreign jurisdictions. 

RIGScan Intellectual Property 

We continue to support proprietary protection for the products related to RIGS in major global markets 
such as the U.S. and the EU, which although not currently integral to our near-term business plans, may 
be important to a potential RIGS development partner.  Composition of matter patents have been issued 
in the U.S. and EU that cover the antibodies used in clinical studies.  The most recent of these patents 
was issued in 2004 and additional patent applications are pending.  We have a license to these patents 
through the NIH; however, our license is subject to ongoing diligence requirements and we could lose 
these license rights if we don’t diligently pursue commercialization of the patented technology.  
Additionally, statutory exclusivity exists for biologics upon approval in the U.S. for 12 years.  In the EU, 
data exclusivity extends for 10 years following marketing authorization. 

Government Regulation 

The research, development, testing, manufacture, labeling, promotion, advertising, distribution and 
marketing, among other things, of our products are extensively regulated by governmental authorities in 
the United States and other countries.  In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs under the Federal 
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), Public Health Service Act (PHSA), and their implementing 
regulations.  Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject us to administrative or 
judicial sanctions, such as FDA refusal to approve pending new drug applications or supplemental 
applications, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or 
distribution, injunctions and/or criminal prosecution.  We also may be subject to regulation under the 
Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, 

 19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the Export Control Act and other present and future laws of general application as well as those 
specifically related to radiopharmaceuticals. 

Most aspects of our business are subject to some degree of government regulation in the countries in 
which we conduct our operations.  As a developer, manufacturer and marketer of medical products, we 
are subject to extensive regulation by, among other governmental entities, the FDA and the 
corresponding state, local and foreign regulatory bodies in jurisdictions in which our products are 
intended to be sold.  These regulations govern the introduction of new products, the observance of 
certain standards with respect to the manufacture, quality, safety, efficacy and labeling of such products, 
the maintenance of certain records, the tracking of such products, performance surveillance and other 
matters. 

Failure to comply with applicable federal, state, local or foreign laws or regulations could subject us to 
enforcement action, including product seizures, recalls, withdrawal of marketing clearances, and civil and 
criminal penalties, any one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.  We 
believe that we are in substantial compliance with such governmental regulations.  However, federal, 
state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding the manufacture and sale of radiopharmaceuticals 
are subject to future changes.  We cannot assure you that such changes will not have a material adverse 
effect on our company. 

For some products, and in some countries, government regulation is significant and, in general, there is a 
trend toward more stringent regulation.  In recent years, the FDA and certain foreign regulatory bodies 
have pursued a more rigorous enforcement program to ensure that regulated businesses like ours 
comply with applicable laws and regulations.  We devote significant time, effort and expense addressing 
the extensive governmental regulatory requirements applicable to our business.  To date, we have not 
received a noncompliance notification or warning letter from the FDA or any other regulatory bodies of 
alleged deficiencies in our compliance with the relevant requirements, nor have we recalled or issued 
safety alerts on any of our products.  However, we cannot assure you that a warning letter, recall or 
safety alert, if it occurred, would not have a material adverse effect on our company.  See Risk Factors. 

In the early- to mid-1990s, the review time by the FDA to clear medical products for commercial release 
lengthened and the number of marketing clearances decreased.  In response to public and congressional 
concern, the FDA Modernization Act of 1997 (the 1997 Act) was adopted with the intent of bringing better 
definition to the clearance process for new medical products.  While the FDA review times have improved 
since passage of the 1997 Act, we cannot assure you that the FDA review processes will not delay our 
Company's introduction of new products in the U.S. in the future.  In addition, many foreign countries 
have adopted more stringent regulatory requirements that also have added to the delays and 
uncertainties associated with the development and release of new products, as well as the clinical and 
regulatory costs of supporting such releases.  It is possible that delays in receipt of, or failure to receive, 
any necessary clearance for our new product offerings could have a material adverse effect on our 
business, financial condition or results of operations.  See Risk Factors. 

 20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The Drug Approval Process 

None of our drugs may be marketed in the U.S. until such drug has received FDA approval. The steps 
required before a drug may be marketed in the U.S. include: 

(cid:120)  preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies; 
(cid:120) 

submission to the FDA of an IND for human clinical testing, which must become effective before 
human clinical trials may begin; 

(cid:120)  adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

investigational product for each indication; 
submission to the FDA of an NDA; 
satisfactory completion of FDA inspections of the manufacturing and clinical facilities at which the 
drug is produced, tested, and/or distributed to assess compliance with cGMPs and cGCP 
standards; and 

(cid:120)  FDA review and approval of the NDA. 

Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry, toxicity and formulation, as well as 
animal studies.  The conduct of the preclinical tests and formulation of the compounds for testing must 
comply with federal regulations and requirements.  The results of the preclinical tests, together with 
manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND, which must 
become effective before human clinical trials may begin.  An IND will automatically become effective 30 
days after receipt by the FDA unless, before that time, the FDA raises concerns or questions about 
issues such as the conduct of the trials as outlined in the IND.  In such a case, the IND sponsor and the 
FDA must resolve any outstanding FDA concerns or questions before clinical trials can proceed.  We 
cannot be sure that submission of an IND will result in the FDA allowing clinical trials to begin.  

Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational product to human subjects under the 
supervision of qualified investigators.  Clinical trials are conducted under protocols detailing the objectives 
of the study, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety and the effectiveness criteria to be 
evaluated.  Each protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND.  

Clinical trials typically are conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap or be 
combined.  The study protocol and informed consent information for study subjects in clinical trials must 
also be approved by an Institutional Review Board at each institution where the trials will be conducted.  
Study subjects must sign an informed consent form before participating in a clinical trial.  Phase 1 usually 
involves the initial introduction of the investigational product into people to evaluate its short-term safety, 
dosage tolerance, metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic actions, and, if possible, to gain an 
early indication of its effectiveness.  Phase 2 usually involves trials in a limited subject population to 
(i) evaluate dosage tolerance and appropriate dosage, (ii) identify possible adverse effects and safety 
risks, and (iii) evaluate preliminarily the efficacy of the product candidate for specific indications.  Phase 3 
trials usually further evaluate clinical efficacy and further test its safety by using the product candidate in 
its final form in an expanded subject population.  There can be no assurance that Phase 1, Phase 2 or 
Phase 3 testing will be completed successfully within any specified period of time, if at all.  Furthermore, 
we or the FDA may suspend clinical trials at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the 
subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. 

The FDA and the IND sponsor may agree in writing on the design and size of clinical studies intended to 
form the primary basis of an effectiveness claim in an NDA application.  This process is known as a 
special protocol assessment (SPA).  These agreements may not be changed after the clinical studies 
begin, except in limited circumstances.  The existence of a SPA, however, does not assure approval of a 
product candidate.  

Assuming successful completion of the required clinical testing, the results of the preclinical studies and 
of the clinical studies, together with other detailed information, including information on the manufacturing 
quality and composition of the investigational product, are submitted to the FDA in the form of an NDA 

 21 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
requesting approval to market the product for one or more indications.  The testing and approval process 
requires substantial time, effort and financial resources.  Submission of an NDA requires payment of a 
substantial review user fee to the FDA.  Before approving a NDA, the FDA usually will inspect the facility 
or the facilities where the product is manufactured, tested and distributed and will not approve the product 
unless cGMP compliance is satisfactory.  If the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing facilities 
as acceptable, the FDA may issue an approval letter or a complete response letter.  A complete response 
letter outlines conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA.  When and if 
those conditions have been met to the FDA’s satisfaction, the FDA will issue an approval letter.  The 
approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug for specific indications.  As a condition of 
approval, the FDA may require post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the product’s safety or 
efficacy, or impose other post-approval commitment conditions.  

The NDA for Lymphoseek was submitted with the intention for use in intraoperative lymphatic mapping 
across a broad range of cancers.  As a part of their review, the FDA examined the pre-clinical, clinical 
and CMC data supporting our application, and, as is also typical of such reviews, conducted site audits of 
our facilities and those of the sites where the referenced clinical trials were performed, as well as of 
contract suppliers and third party vendors being used in the manufacturing and quality assessment 
processes for Lymphoseek.  On September 10, 2012, we received a CRL from the FDA, denying our 
initial application for approval of Lymphoseek.  The decision was focused on deficiencies in cGMP 
identified by the FDA during their pre-approval site inspections of third-party contract manufacturing 
facilities, and was not related to the efficacy or safety data filed within the Lymphoseek NDA.  We worked 
diligently with our advisors, contract manufacturers and the FDA to address the third party cGMP 
manufacturing deficiencies noted in the FDA’s September CRL.  On October 30, 2012, we resubmitted 
our NDA in response to the CRL. The FDA accepted the resubmission and established a new PDUFA 
date of April 30, 2013.  Lymphoseek was approved and indicated for use in lymphatic mapping for breast 
cancer and melanoma by the FDA on March 13, 2013.  Additional trials, two of which are already ongoing 
in head and neck cancer and colorectal cancer, are anticipated to provide support for expanding the 
utilization of Lymphoseek into multiple other cancer types.  We cannot assure you that Lymphoseek will 
achieve regulatory approval in the EU or any market outside the U.S., or if approved, that it will achieve 
market acceptance in any market.  See Risk Factors. 

The FDA has various programs, including fast track, priority review and accelerated approval, which are 
intended to expedite or simplify the process of reviewing drugs and/or provide for approval on the basis of 
surrogate endpoints.  Generally, drugs that may be eligible for one or more of these programs are those 
for serious or life threatening conditions, those with the potential to address unmet medical needs and 
those that provide meaningful benefit over existing treatments.  We cannot assure you that any of our 
drugs will qualify for any of these programs, or that, if a drug does qualify, the review time will be reduced 
or the product will be approved. 

After approval, certain changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications, making certain 
manufacturing changes or making certain additional labeling claims, are subject to further FDA review 
and approval.  Obtaining approval for a new indication generally requires that additional clinical studies 
be conducted. 

Post-Approval Requirements     

Holders of an approved NDA are required to: (i) conduct pharmacovigilance and report certain adverse 
reactions to the FDA, (ii) comply with certain requirements concerning advertising and promotional 
labeling for their products, and (iii) continue to have quality control and manufacturing procedures 
conform to cGMP.  The FDA periodically inspects the sponsor’s records related to safety reporting and/or 
manufacturing and distribution facilities; this latter effort includes assessment of compliance with cGMP.  
Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production, 
quality control and distribution to maintain cGMP compliance.  We use and will continue to use third-party 
manufacturers to produce our products in clinical and commercial quantities, and future FDA inspections 
may identify compliance issues at our facilities or at the facilities of our contract manufacturers that may 
disrupt production or distribution, or require substantial resources to correct.  In addition, discovery of 

 22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
problems with a product after approval may result in restrictions on a product, manufacturer or holder of 
an approved NDA, including withdrawal of the product from the market.  

Marketing of prescription drugs is also subject to significant regulation through federal and state agencies 
tasked with consumer protection and prevention of medical fraud, waste and abuse.  We must comply 
with restrictions on off-label use promotion, anti-kickback, ongoing clinical trial registration, and limitations 
on gifts and payments to physicians. 

Non-U.S. Regulation 

Before our products can be marketed outside of the United States, they are subject to regulatory approval 
similar to that required in the U.S., although the requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, 
including additional clinical trials that may be required, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary 
widely from country to country.  No action can be taken to market any product in a country until an 
appropriate application has been approved by the regulatory authorities in that country.  The current 
approval process varies from country to country, and the time spent in gaining approval varies from that 
required for FDA approval.  In certain countries, the sales price of a product must also be approved.  The 
pricing review period often begins after market approval is granted.  Even if a product is approved by a 
regulatory authority, satisfactory prices may not be approved for such product.  

In Europe, marketing authorizations may be submitted at a centralized, a decentralized or national level.  
The centralized procedure is mandatory for the approval of biotechnology products and provides for the 
grant of a single marketing authorization that is valid in all EU member states.  As of January 1995, a 
mutual recognition procedure is available at the request of the applicant for all medicinal products that are 
not subject to the centralized procedure.  We cannot assure you that the chosen regulatory strategy will 
secure regulatory approvals on a timely basis or at all.  

While we are unable to predict the extent to which our business may be affected by future regulatory 
developments, we believe that our substantial experience dealing with governmental regulatory 
requirements and restrictions on our operations throughout the world, and our development of new and 
improved products, should enable us to compete effectively within this environment. 

Regulation Specific to Radiopharmaceuticals 

Our radiolabeled targeting agents and biologic products, if developed, would require a regulatory license 
to market from the FDA and from comparable agencies in foreign countries.  The process of obtaining 
regulatory licenses and approvals is costly and time consuming, and we have encountered significant 
impediments and delays related to our previously proposed biologic products. 

The process of completing pre-clinical and clinical testing, manufacturing validation and submission of a 
marketing application to the appropriate regulatory bodies usually takes a number of years and requires 
the expenditure of substantial resources, and we cannot assure you that any approval will be granted on 
a timely basis, if at all.  Additionally, the length of time it takes for the various regulatory bodies to 
evaluate an application for marketing approval varies considerably, as does the amount of preclinical and 
clinical data required to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a specific product.  The regulatory bodies 
may require additional clinical studies that may take several years to perform.  The length of the review 
period may vary widely depending upon the nature and indications of the proposed product and whether 
the regulatory body has any further questions or requests any additional data.  Also, the regulatory bodies 
require post-marketing reporting and surveillance programs (pharmacovigilance) to monitor the side 
effects of the products.  We cannot assure you that any of our potential drug or biologic products will be 
approved by the regulatory bodies or approved on a timely or accelerated basis, or that any approvals 
received will not subsequently be revoked or modified. 

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) oversees medical uses of nuclear material through licensing, 
inspection, and enforcement programs.  The NRC issues medical use licenses to medical facilities and 
authorized physician users, develops guidance and regulations for use by licensees, and maintains a 

 23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
committee of medical experts to obtain advice about the use of byproduct materials in medicine.  The 
NRC (or the responsible Agreement State) also regulates the manufacture and distribution of these 
products.  The FDA oversees the good practices in the manufacturing of radiopharmaceuticals, medical 
devices, and radiation-producing x-ray machines and accelerators.  The states regulate the practices of 
medicine and pharmacy and administer programs associated with radiation-producing x-ray machines 
and accelerators.  We, or our manufacturer of the radiolabeled antibodies, must obtain a specific license 
from the NRC (or the responsible Agreement State) to manufacture and distribute radiolabeled 
antibodies, as well as comply with all applicable regulations.  We must also comply with Department of 
Transportation regulations on the labeling and packaging requirements for shipment of radiolabeled 
antibodies to licensed clinics, and must comply with federal, state, and local governmental laws regarding 
the disposal of radioactive waste.  We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain all necessary 
licenses and permits and be able to comply with all applicable laws.  The failure to obtain such licenses 
and permits or to comply with applicable laws would have a materially adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition, and results of operations. 

Corporate Information 

Our executive offices are located at 425 Metro Place North, Suite 450, Dublin, Ohio 43017.  Our 
telephone number is (614) 793-7500. “Navidea”, the Navidea logo, “Lymphoseek”, “RIGS” and “RIGScan” 
are trademarks of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the U.S. and/or other countries.  
Other trademarks or service marks appearing in this report may be trademarks or service marks of other 
owners. 

The address for our website is http://www.navidea.com.  We make available free of charge on our 
website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-
K and other filings pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and amendments to such 
filings, as soon as reasonably practicable after each is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. 

Financial Statements 

Our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, including revenues, income (loss), total 
assets and other financial measures are set forth at pages F-1 through F-26 of this Form 10-K. 

Research and Development 

We spent approximately $16.9 million, $15.2 million and $8.9 million on research and development 
activities in the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. 

Employees 

As of March 1, 2013, we had 47 full-time and 9 part-time employees.  We consider our relations with our 
employees to be good. 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors 

An investment in our common stock is highly speculative, involves a high degree of risk, and should be 
made only by investors who can afford a complete loss.  You should carefully consider the following risk 
factors, together with the other information in this report, including our financial statements and the 
related notes, before you decide to buy our common stock.  Our most significant risks and uncertainties 
are described below; however, they are not the only risks we face.  If any of the following risks actually 
occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, 
the trading of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment therein. 

 24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If we do not achieve commercial success with our approved product or if we do not successfully develop 
our product candidates into marketable products, we may be unable to generate significant revenue or 
become profitable. 

We divested the neoprobe GDS line of gamma detection medical devices in August 2011.  Through that 
time, sales of gamma detection devices represented our primary source of revenue.  As a result, our 
near-term financial success depends in large part on Lymphoseek achieving commercial success in the 
U.S. and, pending approval in other markets, on achievement of commercial success in those markets as 
well.  Lymphoseek was approved and indicated for use in lymphatic mapping for breast cancer and 
melanoma by the FDA on March 13, 2013.  Additional trials, two of which are already ongoing in head 
and neck cancer and colorectal cancer, are anticipated to provide support for expanding the utilization of 
Lymphoseek into multiple other cancer types.  We expect to begin generating revenues from product 
sales of Lymphoseek in the second quarter of 2013.  As we generate revenues from Lymphoseek, it is 
possible we will ultimately receive payments related to the achievement of certain sales milestones by our 
marketing partner in the U.S.  However, we cannot assure you that Lymphoseek will achieve commercial 
success in the U.S. or any other global market, that we will realize sales at levels necessary for us to 
achieve sales milestone payments, or that revenue from Lymphoseek will lead to us becoming profitable.   

In addition, NAV4694, NAV5001 and RIGScan are in various stages of clinical development.  Regulatory 
approval for additional indications for Lymphoseek may not be successful, or if successful, may not result 
in increased sales.  Additional clinical trials for NAV4694, NAV5001, RIGScan, or other product 
candidates, may not be successful and, even if they are, we may not be successful in developing any of 
them into a commercial product which will provide sufficient revenue to make us profitable.   

Many companies in the pharmaceutical industry suffer significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials even 
after reporting promising results in earlier trials.  Even if our trials are viewed as successful, we may not 
get regulatory approval.  Our product candidates will be successful only if: 

(cid:120) 

they are developed to a stage that will enable us to commercialize them or sell related 
marketing rights to pharmaceutical companies; 

(cid:120)  we are able to commercialize them in clinical development or sell the marketing rights to third 

parties; and 

(cid:120)  upon being developed, they are approved by the regulatory authorities. 

We are dependent on the achievement of these goals in order to generate future revenues. The failure to 
generate such revenues may preclude us from continuing our research and development of these and 
other product candidates. 

We cannot guarantee that we will obtain regulatory approval to manufacture or market our unapproved 
drug candidates and our approval to market our products or anticipated commercial launch may be 
delayed as a result of the regulatory review process. 

Obtaining regulatory approval to market drugs to diagnose or treat cancer is expensive, difficult and risky. 
Preclinical and clinical data as well as information related to the CMC processes of drug production can 
be interpreted in different ways which could delay, limit or preclude regulatory approval.  Negative or 
inconclusive results, adverse medical events during a clinical trial, or issues related to CMC processes 
could also delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval.  Even if we receive regulatory clearance to market a 
particular product candidate, the approval could be conditioned on us conducting additional costly post-
approval studies or could limit the indicated uses included in our labeling. 

Our radiopharmaceutical products will remain subject to ongoing regulatory review following the receipt of 
marketing approval.  If we fail to comply with continuing regulations, we could lose these approvals and 
the sale of our products could be suspended. 

Approved products may later cause adverse effects that limit or prevent their widespread use, force us to 
withdraw it from the market or impede or delay our ability to obtain regulatory approvals in additional 

 25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
countries.  In addition, any contract manufacturer we use in the process of producing a product and its 
facilities will continue to be subject to FDA review and periodic inspections to ensure adherence to 
applicable regulations.  After receiving marketing clearance, the manufacturing, labeling, packaging, 
adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion and record-keeping related to the product will 
remain subject to extensive regulatory requirements.  We may be slow to adapt, or we may never adapt, 
to changes in existing regulatory requirements or adoption of new regulatory requirements. 

If we fail to comply with the regulatory requirements of the FDA and other applicable U.S. and foreign 
regulatory authorities or previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturers or manufacturing 
processes are discovered, we could be subject to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions, 
including: 

restrictions on the products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;  

civil or criminal penalties;  
fines;  
injunctions;  

(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  warning letters;  
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  product seizures or detentions;  
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

import bans;  
voluntary or mandatory product recalls and publicity requirements;  
suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals;  
total or partial suspension of production; and  
refusal to approve pending applications for marketing approval of new drugs or supplements to 
approved applications. 

Even if our drug candidates are successful in clinical trials, we may not be able to successfully 
commercialize them. 

With the historical exception of our discontinued medical device businesses, we have dedicated and will 
continue to dedicate substantially all of our resources to the research and development of our 
radiopharmaceutical technologies and related compounds.  With the exception of Lymphoseek, now 
approved for use in lymphatic mapping in breast cancer and melanoma in the U.S., all of our compounds 
currently are in research or development or regulatory review and have not received marketing approval. 

Prior to commercialization, each product candidate requires significant research, development and 
preclinical testing and extensive clinical investigation before submission of any regulatory application for 
marketing approval.  The development of radiopharmaceutical technologies and compounds, including 
those we are currently developing, is unpredictable and subject to numerous risks.  Potential products 
that appear to be promising at early stages of development may not reach the market for a number of 
reasons including that they may: 

fail to receive necessary regulatory approvals; 

(cid:120)  be found ineffective or cause harmful side effects during preclinical testing or clinical trials; 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  be difficult to manufacture on a scale necessary for commercialization; 
(cid:120)  be uneconomical to produce; 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  be precluded from commercialization by proprietary rights of third parties. 

fail to achieve market acceptance; or 

The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect the commercialization of our product 
candidates.  Products, if introduced, may not be successfully marketed and/or may not achieve 
customer acceptance.  If we fail to commercialize products or if our future products do not achieve 
significant market acceptance, we will not likely generate significant revenues or become profitable. 

 26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If we are not successful in licensing or acquiring additional drug candidates or technologies to expand our 
product pipeline, our future product portfolio and potential profitability could be harmed.  

One component of our business strategy is to in-license drug compounds developed by other 
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies or academic research laboratories.  All of our product 
candidates in clinical development are in-licensed from third parties, consisting of Lymphoseek, 
NAV4694, NAV5001 and RIGScan.  We may not successfully acquire additional drug candidates or 
technologies to expand our product pipeline.  The number of such candidates and technologies is limited.  
Competition among large pharmaceutical companies and biopharmaceutical companies for promising 
drug candidates and technologies is intense because such companies generally desire to expand their 
product pipelines through purchase or in-licensing.  If we fail to expand our product pipeline, our potential 
future revenues may be adversely affected. 

Clinical trials for our radiopharmaceutical product candidates will be lengthy and expensive and their 
outcome is uncertain. 

Before obtaining regulatory approval for the commercial sale of any product candidates, we must 
demonstrate through preclinical testing and clinical trials that our product candidates are safe and 
effective for use in humans.  Conducting clinical trials is a time consuming, expensive and uncertain 
process and may take years to complete.  During 2011, we successfully completed a second Phase 3 
clinical trial in subjects with breast cancer or melanoma for our most advanced radiopharmaceutical 
product candidate, Lymphoseek.  These Phase 3 clinical trials served as the basis for the approval of 
Lymphoseek in March 2013. 

Clinical research of Lymphoseek continues with an ongoing third Phase 3 trial involving subjects with 
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NEO3-06).  The NEO3-06 clinical study was designed to 
provide evidence of Lymphoseek performance in a third cancer type and to potentially expand the 
product label for Lymphoseek.  In January 2013, we announced that we had accrued sufficient subjects in 
our NEO3-06 study in patients with head and neck cancer to enable us to conduct a pre-planned interim 
analysis.  This Phase 3 trial of Lymphoseek was designed to demonstrate the performance of 
Lymphoseek in identifying sentinel lymph nodes in subjects with squamous cell carcinoma on the head or 
in the mouth.  The interim analysis will compare the pathological analysis of the sentinel lymph nodes 
localized using Lymphoseek with that of all the lymph nodes removed during a full nodal dissection 
surgery of the head and neck.  This full dissection surgery is considered the gold standard for determining 
the presence and extent of cancer and staging of the disease in such patients.  A total of 83 subjects who 
underwent pre-planned, full dissection surgery were enrolled and represent the interim analysis cohort.  
Results from the interim statistical analysis and reporting of the findings are expected to be available 
upon completion of full site and data audits planned for later in 2013. 

With respect to NAV4694, AstraZeneca has completed clinical development through a Phase 2a level.  
During the third quarter of 2012, we commenced our clinical development through some additional Phase 
2 testing, mainly intended to expand the safety population, and we intend to commence Phase 2b testing 
in patients with mild cognitive impairment and autopsy-based Phase 3 testing of NAV4694 in 2013, but 
these plans could also experience complications and delays. 

With respect to NAV5001, Alseres had previously completed five clinical trials in over 600 subjects.  
Alseres received a Phase 3 SPA from the FDA for NAV5001 in 2009.  We have held preliminary 
discussions with the FDA regarding the SPA and expect to update the SPA over the coming months. 

In August 2011, we held a meeting regarding RIGScan with the SAWP of the EMA and received similar 
guidance as we received from the FDA, as well as the suggestion that we consider use of a humanized 
version of the RIGS antibody.  With this collective guidance, we have changed our development plans 
from a murine-based antibody to a humanized antibody on our development and regulatory timelines.  As 
the scope and required resources for other development opportunities such as for NAV4694 and/or 
NAV5001 continues to be assessed, the timing and scope of our development and commercialization 
plan for RIGScan may be continue to be affected. 

 27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Historically, the results from preclinical testing and early clinical trials often do not predict the results 
obtained in later clinical trials.  Frequently, drugs that have shown promising results in preclinical or early 
clinical trials subsequently fail to establish sufficient safety and efficacy data necessary to obtain 
regulatory approval.  At any time during the clinical trials, we, the participating institutions, the FDA or the 
EMA might delay or halt any clinical trials for our product candidates for various reasons, including: 

ineffectiveness of the product candidate; 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  discovery of unacceptable toxicities or side effects; 
(cid:120)  development of disease resistance or other physiological factors; 
(cid:120)  delays in patient enrollment; or 
(cid:120)  other reasons that are internal to the businesses of our potential collaborative partners, which 

reasons they may not share with us.  

While we have achieved some level of success in our clinical trials for Lymphoseek as indicated by the 
recent FDA approval, and our licensing partners have also achieved successful outcomes from earlier 
trials of NAV4694 and NAV5001, the results of some of these clinical trials that have not been yet 
reviewed by the FDA or other regulatory bodies, as well as pending and future trials for these and other 
product candidates that we may develop or acquire, are subject to review and interpretation by various 
regulatory bodies during the regulatory review process and may ultimately fail to demonstrate the safety 
or effectiveness of our product candidates to the extent necessary to obtain regulatory approval, or that 
commercialization of our product candidates is worthwhile.  Any failure or substantial delay in 
successfully completing clinical trials and obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates could 
materially harm our business. 

We extensively outsource our clinical trial activities and usually perform only a small portion of the start-
up activities in-house.  We rely on independent third-party contract research organizations (CROs) to 
perform most of our clinical studies, including document preparation, site identification, screening and 
preparation, pre-study visits, training, post-study audits and statistical analysis.  Many important aspects 
of the services performed for us by the CROs are out of our direct control.  If there is any dispute or 
disruption in our relationship with our CROs, our clinical trials may be delayed.  Moreover, in our 
regulatory submissions, we rely on the quality and validity of the clinical work performed by third-party 
CROs.  If any of our CROs’ processes, methodologies or results were determined to be invalid or 
inadequate, our own clinical data and results and related regulatory approvals could be adversely 
impacted. 

If we fail to establish and maintain collaborations or if our partners do not perform, we may be unable to 
develop and commercialize our product candidates. 

We expect to enter into collaborative arrangements with third-parties to develop and/or commercialize 
product candidates and are currently seeking additional collaborations. Such collaborations might be 
necessary in order for us to fund our research and development activities and third-party manufacturing 
arrangements, seek and obtain regulatory approvals and successfully commercialize our existing and 
future product candidates.  If we fail to enter into collaborative arrangements or fail to maintain our 
existing collaborative arrangements, the number of product candidates from which we could receive 
future revenues would decline.  

 28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our dependence on collaborative arrangements with third parties will subject us to a number of risks that 
could harm our ability to develop and commercialize products including that: 

collaborative arrangements may not be on terms favorable to us; 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  disagreements with partners or regulatory compliance issues may result in delays in the 

development and marketing of products, termination of our collaboration agreements or time 
consuming and expensive legal action; 

(cid:120)  we cannot control the amount and timing of resources partners devote to product candidates or 

their prioritization of product candidates and partners may not allocate sufficient funds or 
resources to the development, promotion or marketing of our products, or may not perform their 
obligations as expected; 

(cid:120)  partners may choose to develop, independently or with other companies, alternative products or 

treatments. including products or treatments which compete with ours; 

(cid:120)  agreements with partners may expire or be terminated without renewal, or partners may breach 

collaboration agreements with us; 

(cid:120)  business combinations or significant changes in a partner's business strategy might adversely 

affect that partner's willingness or ability to complete its obligations to us; and 
the terms and conditions of the relevant agreements may no longer be suitable. 

(cid:120) 

The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect the development or commercialization of 
our products. 

If users of our products are unable to obtain adequate reimbursement from third-party payers, or if new 
restrictive legislation is adopted, market acceptance of our products may be limited and we may not 
achieve anticipated revenues. 

Our ability to commercialize our products will depend in part on the extent to which appropriate 
reimbursement levels for the cost of our products and related treatment are obtained by governmental 
authorities, private health insurers and other organizations such as health maintenance organizations 
(HMOs).  Third-party payers are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical care.  Also, the 
trend toward managed health care in the United States and the concurrent growth of organizations such 
as HMOs which could control or significantly influence the purchase of health care services and products, 
as well as legislative proposals to further reform health care or reduce government insurance programs, 
may all result in lower prices for our products if approved for commercialization.  The cost containment 
measures that health care payers and providers are instituting and the effect of any health care reform 
could materially harm our ability to sell our products at a profit. 

While we expect a “pass-through” reimbursement code related to Lymphoseek’s designation as a new 
chemical entity to be established by the U.S. Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) in the 
months following FDA approval on March 13, 2013, there can be no assurance that such pass-through 
code will be received from CMS, and if not received, that the cost of Lymphoseek will be absorbed by 
healthcare providers.  In addition, there can be no assurance that, even if a pass-through code is 
obtained, following the expiration of such code (generally two to three years following approval), we will 
be successful in establishing a separate permanent code for reimbursement of Lymphoseek and 
therefore the cost of Lymphoseek may be need to be absorbed by the institution as a part of the bundled 
procedural code for the surgical procedure in which Lymphoseek is used.  If this is the case, our 
expectations of the pricing we expect to achieve for Lymphoseek and the related potential revenue may 
be significantly diminished. 

We may be unable to establish or contract for the pharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities necessary to 
develop and commercialize our potential products. 

We are in the process of establishing commercial manufacturing capabilities on a third-party contract 
basis for our Lymphoseek product and clinical manufacturing capabilities for our other 
radiopharmaceutical compounds.  We intend to rely on third-party contract manufacturers to produce 
sufficiently large quantities of drug materials that are and will be needed for clinical trials and 

 29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
commercialization of our potential products.  Third-party manufacturers may not be able to meet our 
needs with respect to timing, quantity or quality of materials. 

We have a supply agreement with Reliable to manufacture the drug substance for our Lymphoseek 
product and we currently use OsoBio for the finishing and vialing of our Lymphoseek product.  However, 
if we are unable to contract for a sufficient supply of needed materials on acceptable terms, or if we 
should encounter delays or difficulties in our relationships with manufacturers, our clinical trials may be 
delayed, thereby delaying the submission of product candidates for regulatory approval and the market 
introduction and subsequent commercialization of our potential products, and for approved products, any 
such delays, interruptions or other difficulties may render us unable to supply sufficient quantities to meet 
demand.  Any such delays or interruptions may lower our revenues and potential profitability. 

We and any third-party manufacturers that we may use must continually adhere to cGMPs and 
regulations enforced by the FDA through its facilities inspection program and/or foreign regulatory 
authorities where our products will be tested and/or marketed.  If our facilities or the facilities of third-party 
manufacturers cannot pass a pre-approval plant inspection, the FDA and/or foreign regulatory authorities 
will not grant approval to market our product candidates.  In complying with these regulations and foreign 
regulatory requirements, we and any of our third-party manufacturers will be obligated to expend time, 
money and effort on production, record-keeping and quality control to assure that our potential products 
meet applicable specifications and other requirements.  The FDA and other regulatory authorities may 
take action against a contract manufacturer who violates cGMPs.   

We may lose out to larger or better-established competitors. 

The biotechnology industry is intensely competitive.  Some of our competitors have significantly greater 
financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and distribution resources as well as greater experience in 
the pharmaceutical industry than we have.  The particular medical conditions our product lines address 
can also be addressed by other medical procedures or drugs.  Many of these alternatives are widely 
accepted by physicians and have a long history of use.  Physicians may use our competitors’ products 
and/or our products may not be competitive with other technologies.  Lymphoseek is expected to 
compete against sulfur colloid in the U.S. and other colloidal agents in other global markets.  NAV4694 is 
expected to compete against florbetapir, a first-generation beta-amyloid imaging agent which Eli Lilly 
received approval for in 2012.  We are also aware of two additional first-generation beta-amyloid imaging 
agents in late stages of development by two other large pharmaceutical companies.  In addition, 
NAV5001 if approved, is expected to compete against a product marketed by GE Healthcare.  If our 
competitors are successful in establishing and maintaining market share for their products, our sales and 
revenues may not occur at the rate we anticipate.  In addition, our current and potential competitors may 
establish cooperative relationships with larger companies to gain access to greater research and 
development or marketing resources.  Competition may result in price reductions, reduced gross margins 
and loss of market share. 

We may be exposed to product liability claims for our product candidates and products that we are able to 
commercialize. 

The testing, manufacturing, marketing and use of our commercial products, as well as product candidates 
in development, involve substantial risk of product liability claims.  These claims may be made directly by 
consumers, healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies or others.  In recent years, coverage and 
availability of cost-effective product liability insurance has decreased, so we may be unable to maintain 
sufficient coverage for product liabilities that may arise.  In addition, the cost to defend lawsuits or pay 
damages for product liability claims may exceed our coverage.  If we are unable to maintain adequate 
coverage or if claims exceed our coverage, our financial condition and our ability to clinically test our 
product candidates and market our products will be adversely impacted.  In addition, negative publicity 
associated with any claims, regardless of their merit, may decrease the future demand for our products 
and impair our financial condition. 

 30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The administration of drugs in humans, whether in clinical studies or commercially, carries the inherent 
risk of product liability claims whether or not the drugs are actually the cause of an injury.  Our products 
or product candidates may cause, or may appear to have caused, injury or dangerous drug interactions, 
and we may not learn about or understand those effects until the product or product candidate has been 
administered to patients for a prolonged period of time.  We may be subject from time to time to lawsuits 
based on product liability and related claims, and we cannot predict the eventual outcome of any future 
litigation.  We may not be successful in defending ourselves in the litigation and, as a result, our business 
could be materially harmed.  These lawsuits may result in large judgments or settlements against us, any 
of which could have a negative effect on our financial condition and business if in excess of our insurance 
coverage.  Additionally, lawsuits can be expensive to defend, whether or not they have merit, and the 
defense of these actions may divert the attention of our management and other resources that would 
otherwise be engaged in managing our business. 

As a result of a number of factors, product liability insurance has become less available while the cost 
has increased significantly.  We currently carry product liability insurance that our management believes 
is appropriate given the risks that we face.  We will continually assess the cost and availability of 
insurance; however, there can be no guarantee that insurance coverage will be obtained or, if obtained, 
will be sufficient to fully cover product liabilities that may arise. 

If any of our license agreements for intellectual property underlying Lymphoseek, NAV4694, NAV5001 or 
RIGScan, or any other products or potential products are terminated, we may lose the right to develop or 
market that product. 

We have licensed intellectual property, including patents and patent applications relating to intellectual 
property for Lymphoseek, NAV4694, NAV5001 and RIGScan.  We may also enter into other license 
agreements or acquire other product candidates.  The potential success of our product development 
programs depend on our ability to maintain rights under these licenses, including our ability to achieve 
development or commercialization milestones contained in the licenses.  Under certain circumstances, 
the licensors have the power to terminate their agreements with us if we fail to meet our obligations under 
these licenses.  We may not be able to meet our obligations under these licenses.  If we default under 
any license agreement, we may lose our right to market and sell any products based on the licensed 
technology. 

We may not have sufficient legal protection against infringement or loss of our intellectual property, and 
we may lose rights to our licensed intellectual property if diligence requirements are not met. 

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to secure and maintain patent protection for our products and 
product candidates, to preserve our trade secrets, and to operate without infringing on the proprietary 
rights of third parties.  While we seek to protect our proprietary positions by filing United States and 
foreign patent applications for our important inventions and improvements, domestic and foreign patent 
offices may not issue these patents.  Third parties may challenge, invalidate, or circumvent our patents or 
patent applications in the future.  Competitors, many of which have significantly more resources than we 
have and have made substantial investments in competing technologies, may apply for and obtain 
patents that will prevent, limit, or interfere with our ability to make, use, or sell our products either in the 
United States or abroad. 

Numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications, which are owned by third 
parties, exist in the fields in which we are or may be developing products.  As the biotechnology and 
pharmaceutical industry expands and more patents are issued, the risk increases that we will be subject 
to claims that our products or product candidates, or their use, infringe the rights of others.  In the United 
States, most patent applications are secret for a period of 18 months after filing, and in foreign countries, 
patent applications are secret for varying periods of time after filing.  Publications of discoveries tend to 
significantly lag the actual discoveries and the filing of related patent applications.  Third parties may have 
already filed applications for patents for products or processes that will make our products obsolete, limit 
our patents, invalidate our patent applications or create a risk of infringement claims. 

 31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Under recent changes to U.S. patent law, the U.S. has moved to a “first to file” system of patent approval, 
as opposed to the former “first to invent” system.  As a consequence, delays in filing patent applications 
for new product candidates or discoveries could result in the loss of patentability if there is an intervening 
patent application with similar claims filed by a third party, even if we or our collaborators were the first to 
invent. 

We or our suppliers may be exposed to, or threatened with, future litigation by third parties having patent 
or other intellectual property rights alleging that our products, product candidates and/or technologies 
infringe their intellectual property rights or that the process of manufacturing our products or any of their 
respective component materials, or the component materials themselves, or the use of our products, 
product candidates or technologies, infringe their intellectual property rights.  If one of these patents was 
found to cover our products, product candidates, technologies or their uses, or any of the underlying 
manufacturing processes or components, we could be required to pay damages and could be unable to 
commercialize our products or use our technologies or methods unless we are able to obtain a license to 
the patent or intellectual property right.  A license may not be available to us in a timely manner or on 
acceptable terms, if at all.  In addition, during litigation, a patent holder could obtain a preliminary 
injunction or other equitable remedy that could prohibit us from making, using or selling our products, 
technologies or methods. 

In addition, it may be necessary for us to enforce patents under which we have rights, or to determine the 
scope, validity and unenforceability of other parties’ proprietary rights, which may affect our rights.  There 
can be no assurance that our patents would be held valid by a court or administrative body or that an 
alleged infringer would be found to be infringing.  The uncertainty resulting from the mere institution and 
continuation of any patent related litigation or interference proceeding could have a material and adverse 
effect on us. 

We typically require our employees, consultants, advisers and suppliers to execute confidentiality and 
assignment of invention agreements in connection with their employment, consulting, advisory, or supply 
relationships with us.  They may breach these agreements and we may not obtain an adequate remedy 
for breach.  Further, third parties may gain unauthorized access to our trade secrets or independently 
develop or acquire the same or equivalent information. 

Agencies of the United States government conducted some of the research activities that led to the 
development of antibody technology that some of our proposed antibody-based surgical cancer detection 
products use.  When the United States government participates in research activities, it retains rights that 
include the right to use the technology for governmental purposes under a royalty-free license, as well as 
rights to use and disclose technical data that could preclude us from asserting trade secret rights in that 
data and software. 

We and our collaborators, including AstraZeneca and Alseres, may not be able to protect our intellectual 
property rights throughout the world. 

Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on all of our product candidates and products, when and if we 
have any, in every jurisdiction would be prohibitively expensive.  Competitors may use our technologies in 
jurisdictions where we or our licensors have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products.  
These products may compete with our products, when and if we have any, and may not be covered by 
any of our or our licensors' patent claims or other intellectual property rights. 

The laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the 
laws of the United States, and many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and 
defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions.  The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain 
developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, 
particularly those relating to biotechnology and/or pharmaceuticals, which could make it difficult for us to 
stop the infringement of our patents.  Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions 
could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. 

 32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The intellectual property protection for our product candidates depends on third parties. 

With respect to Lymphoseek, NAV4694, NAV5001 and RIGScan, we have exclusively licensed certain 
issued patents and pending patent applications covering the respective technologies underlying these 
product candidates and their commercialization and use and we have licensed certain issued patents and 
pending patent applications directed to product compositions and chemical modifications used in product 
candidates for commercialization, and the use and the manufacturing thereof.  

The patents and pending patent applications underlying our licenses do not cover all potential product 
candidates, modifications and uses.  In the case of patents and patent applications licensed from 
AstraZeneca, we have limited control over the filing, prosecution or enforcement of these patents or 
patent applications.  In the case of patents and patent applications licensed from UCSD, we did not have 
any control over the filing of the patents and patent applications before the effective date of the 
Lymphoseek license, and have had limited control over the filing and prosecution of these patents and 
patent applications after the effective date of the Lymphoseek license.  We also have limited rights to 
enforce patents and patent applications licensed from AstraZeneca and Alseres.  We cannot be certain 
that such prosecution efforts have been or will be conducted in compliance with applicable laws and 
regulations or will result in valid and enforceable patents.  We also cannot be assured that our licensors 
or their respective licensing partners will agree to enforce any such patent rights at our request or devote 
sufficient efforts to attain a desirable result.  Any failure by our licensors or any of their respective 
licensing partners to properly protect the intellectual property rights relating to our product candidates 
could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation. 

We may become involved in disputes with AstraZeneca, UCSD, Alseres, the NIH or potential future 
collaborators over intellectual property ownership, and publications by our research collaborators and 
scientific advisors could impair our ability to obtain patent protection or protect our proprietary information, 
which, in either case, could have a significant effect on our business. 

Inventions discovered under research, material transfer or other such collaborative agreements may 
become jointly owned by us and the other party to such agreements in some cases and the exclusive 
property of either party in other cases.  Under some circumstances, it may be difficult to determine who 
owns a particular invention, or whether it is jointly owned, and disputes could arise regarding ownership 
of those inventions.  These disputes could be costly and time consuming and an unfavorable outcome 
could have a significant adverse effect on our business if we were not able to protect our license rights to 
these inventions.  In addition, our research collaborators and scientific advisors generally have 
contractual rights to publish our data and other proprietary information, subject to our prior review.  
Publications by our research collaborators and scientific advisors containing such information, either with 
our permission or in contravention of the terms of their agreements with us, may impair our ability to 
obtain patent protection or protect our proprietary information, which could significantly harm our 
business. 

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, 
which would cause our business and reputation to suffer. 

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, 
our proprietary business information and that of our suppliers and business partners, and personally 
identifiable information of employees and clinical trial subjects, in our data centers and on our networks.  
The secure maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations and business 
strategy.  Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be 
vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions.  
Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, 
publicly disclosed, lost or stolen.  Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in 
legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, and 
regulatory penalties, disrupt our operations, and damage our reputation, which could adversely affect our 
business, revenues and competitive position. 

 33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Failure to comply with domestic and international privacy and security laws can result in the imposition of 
significant civil and criminal penalties.  The costs of compliance with these laws, including protecting 
electronically stored information from cyber attacks, and potential liability associated with failure to do so 
could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.  We are subject to 
various domestic and international privacy and security regulations, including but not limited to The 
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).  HIPAA mandates, among other 
things, the adoption of uniform standards for the electronic exchange of information in common 
healthcare transactions, as well as standards relating to the privacy and security of individually 
identifiable health information, which require the adoption of administrative, physical and technical 
safeguards to protect such information.  In addition, many states have enacted comparable laws 
addressing the privacy and security of health information, some of which are more stringent than HIPAA. 

We may have difficulty raising additional capital, which could deprive us of necessary resources to 
pursue our business plans. 

We expect to devote significant capital resources to fund research and development, to maintain existing 
and secure new manufacturing resources, and to acquire new product candidates.  In order to support 
the initiatives envisioned in our business plan, we will need to raise additional funds through the sale of 
assets, public or private debt or equity financing, collaborative relationships or other arrangements.  Our 
ability to raise additional financing depends on many factors beyond our control, including the state of 
capital markets, the market price of our common stock and the development or prospects for 
development of competitive technology by others.  Sufficient additional financing may not be available to 
us or may be available only on terms that would result in further dilution to the current owners of our 
common stock. 

Our future expenditures on our programs are subject to many uncertainties, including whether our 
product candidates will be developed or commercialized with a partner or independently.  Our future 
capital requirements will depend on, and could increase significantly as a result of, many factors, 
including: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

the costs of seeking regulatory approval for our product candidates, including any nonclinical 
testing or bioequivalence or clinical studies, process development, scale-up and other 
manufacturing and stability activities, or other work required to achieve such approval, as well as 
the timing of such activities and approval; 
the extent to which we invest in or acquire new technologies, product candidates, products or 
businesses and the development requirements with respect to any acquired programs;  
the scope, prioritization and number of development and/or commercialization programs we 
pursue and the rate of progress and costs with respect to such programs; 
the costs related to developing, acquiring and/or contracting for sales, marketing and distribution 
capabilities and regulatory compliance capabilities, if we commercialize any of our product 
candidates for which we obtain regulatory approval without a partner; 
the timing and terms of any collaborative, licensing and other strategic arrangements that we may 
establish; 
the extent to which we will need to expand our workforce to pursue our business plan, and the 
costs involved in recruiting, training and incentivizing new employees; 
the effect of competing technological and market developments; and 
the cost involved in establishing, enforcing or defending patent claims and other intellectual 
property rights.  

We believe that we have access to sufficient financial resources with which to fund our operations and 
those of our subsidiaries for the foreseeable future.  However, certain events or actions may shorten the 
period through which our current operating funds will sustain us, including, without limitation, if we decide 
to grow our organization in pursuit of development or commercialization activities for our current or newly 
acquired or developed product candidates, if we incur unexpected expenses, or if Lymphoseek does not 
generate our expected levels of sales and cash flow.  We may also acquire new technologies, product 

 34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
candidates and/or products and the cost to acquire, develop and/or commercialize such new 
technologies, product candidates and/or products may shorten the period through which our current 
operating funds will sustain us.  If our current funds become inadequate, we may not be able to obtain 
sufficient additional funding for such activities, on satisfactory terms, if at all.  If we are unsuccessful in 
raising additional capital, or the terms of raising such capital are unacceptable, we may have to modify 
our business plan and/or significantly curtail our planned development activities, acquisition of new 
product candidates and other operations. 

Our ability to raise capital may be limited by applicable laws and regulations. 

Our ability to raise additional capital through the sale and issuance of our equity securities may be limited 
by, among other things, current Securities and Exchange Commission (Commission) and NYSE MKT 
rules and regulations.  Our capital raising plans include primary offerings of equity securities using a 
“shelf” registration on Form S-3, which typically enables an issuer to raise additional capital on a more 
timely and cost effective basis than through other means, such as registration of a securities offering 
under a Form S-1 registration statement.  Under current Commission rules and regulations, to be eligible 
to use a Form S-3 registration statement for primary offerings without restriction as to the amount of 
securities to be sold and issued, an issuer must, among other requirements, have outstanding common 
equity with a market value of at least $75 million held by non-affiliates.  Although we currently have 
outstanding common equity with a market value of significantly more than $75 million held by non-
affiliates, if we file a “shelf” Form S-3 registration statement at a time when the aggregate market value of 
our common stock held by non-affiliates, or public float, is less than $75 million (calculated as set forth in 
Form S-3 and Commission rules and regulations), the amount we could raise through primary offerings of 
our securities in any 12-month period using the Form S-3 registration statement may be limited to an 
aggregate of one-third of our public float.  Moreover, the market value of all securities sold by us under a 
Form S-3 registration statement during the prior 12 months may be subtracted from that amount to 
determine the amount we can then raise under the Form S-3 registration statement.  The Commission’s 
rules and regulations require that we periodically re-evaluate the value of our public float.  If, at a re-
evaluation date, our public float is less than $75 million, the amount we could raise through primary 
offerings of our securities in any 12-month period using a Form S-3 registration statement would be 
subject to the one-third of public float limitation described above. 

In addition, under current Commission rules and regulations, if our public float is less than $75 million or if 
we seek to register a resale offering (i.e., an offering of our securities by persons other than us), we must, 
among other requirements, maintain our listing with the NYSE MKT or have our common stock listed and 
registered on another national securities exchange in order to be eligible to use a Form S-3 registration 
statement for any primary or resale offering.  Alternative means of raising capital through sales of our 
securities, including through the use of a Form S-1 registration statement, may be more costly and time-
consuming. 

Currently, our common stock is listed on the NYSE MKT.  The NYSE MKT will review the 
appropriateness of continued listing of any issuer that falls below the exchange’s continued listing 
standards.  For additional information regarding this risk, see the risk factor below titled “Our failure to 
maintain continued compliance with the listing requirements of the NYSE MKT exchange could result in 
the delisting of our common stock.”  If our common stock were delisted from the NYSE MKT, our ability to 
raise capital on terms and conditions we deem acceptable, if at all, may be materially impaired. 

Our ability to timely raise sufficient additional capital also may be limited by the NYSE MKT’s 
requirements relating to stockholder approval for transactions involving the issuance of our common 
stock or securities convertible into our common stock.  For instance, the NYSE MKT requires that we 
obtain stockholder approval of any transaction involving the sale, issuance or potential issuance by us of 
our common stock (or securities convertible into our common stock) at a price less than the greater of 
book or market value, which (together with sales by our officers, directors and principal stockholders) 
equals 20% or more of our presently outstanding common stock, unless the transaction is considered a 
“public offering” by the NYSE MKT staff.  Based on our outstanding common stock as of February 28, 
2013 and the average closing price of $3.11 over the thirty trading days preceding February 28, 2013, we 

 35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
could not raise more than approximately $70 million without stockholder approval, unless the transaction 
is deemed a public offering or does not involve the sale, issuance or potential issuance by us of our 
common stock (or securities convertible into our common stock) at a price less than the greater of book 
or market value.  However, certain prior sales by us may be aggregated with any offering we may 
propose in the near-term, further limiting the amount we could raise in any future offering that is not 
considered a public offering by the NYSE MKT staff and would involve the sale, issuance or potential 
issuance by us of our common stock (or securities convertible into our common stock) at a price less than 
the greater of book or market value.  The NYSE MKT will also require stockholder approval if the 
issuance or potential issuance of additional shares will be considered by the exchange staff to result in a 
change of control of Navidea. 

Obtaining stockholder approval is a costly and time-consuming process.  If we are required to obtain 
stockholder approval, we would expect to spend substantial additional money and resources. In addition, 
seeking stockholder approval would delay our receipt of otherwise available capital, which may materially 
and adversely affect our ability to execute our current business strategy, and there is no guarantee our 
stockholders ultimately would approve a proposed transaction.  A public offering under the NYSE MKT 
rules typically involves broadly announcing the proposed transaction, which often has the effect of 
depressing the issuer’s stock price.  Accordingly, the price at which we could sell our securities in a public 
offering may be less and the dilution existing stockholders experience may in turn be greater than if we 
were able to raise capital through other means. 

There may be future sales or other dilution of our equity, which may adversely affect the market price of 
shares of our common stock. 

Our existing and future preferred stock, warrants or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for 
our common stock may contain adjustment provisions that could increase the number of shares issuable 
upon exercise, conversion or exchange, as the case may be, and decrease the exercise, conversion or 
exchange price.  The market price of our shares of common stock or preferred stock could decline as a 
result of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock or preferred stock or similar securities in 
the market, the triggering of any such adjustment provisions or the perception that such sales could occur 
in the future. 

Our indebtedness imposes significant restrictions on us, and a default could materially adversely affect 
our operations and financial condition. 

All of our material assets, except our intellectual property, have been pledged as collateral for our 
borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules Technology II, LP (Hercules). 

In addition to the security interest in our assets, the Loan and Security Agreement carries substantial 
covenants that impose significant requirements on us, including, among others, requirements that: 

(cid:120)  we pay all principal, interest and other charges on the outstanding balance of the borrowed funds 

when due; 

(cid:120)  we keep reserved out of our authorized shares of common stock sufficient shares to satisfy our 
obligation to issue shares on conversion of the debt and the exercise of the warrants issued in 
connection with the Loan and Security Agreement; 

(cid:120)  we provide certain financial information and reports to Hercules in a timely manner; and 
(cid:120)  we indemnify Hercules against certain liabilities. 

 36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additionally, with certain exceptions, the Loan and Security Agreement prohibits us from: 

(cid:120)  amending our organizational or governing agreements and documents, entering into any merger 

or consolidation, dissolving the Company or liquidating its assets, or acquiring all or any 
substantial part of the business or assets of any other person; 
incurring any indebtedness, capital leases, or contingent obligations outside the ordinary course 
of business or without prior written approval;  

(cid:120) 

(cid:120)  granting or permitting liens against or security interests in our assets;  
(cid:120)  acquiring or making investments in any other person other than permitted investments;  
(cid:120)  making any material dispositions of our assets outside the ordinary course of business; or 
(cid:120)  declaring or paying any dividends or making any other distributions. 

Our ability to comply with these provisions may be affected by changes in our business condition or 
results of our operations, or other events beyond our control.  The breach of any of these covenants 
would result in a default under the Loan and Security Agreement, permitting Hercules to accelerate the 
maturity of the debt and to sell the assets securing it.  Such actions by Hercules could materially 
adversely affect our operations, results of operations and financial condition, including causing us to 
substantially curtail our product development activities. 

Due to the extension of the PDUFA date for Lymphoseek to September 10, 2012, we did not receive FDA 
approval of Lymphoseek by the June 30, 2012 deadline established in the Loan and Security Agreement 
with Hercules, and therefore expect that additional loan proceeds of up to $3 million thereunder will not 
be available to us under the current terms. 

In addition, our Loan Agreement with Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (Montaur) carries covenants 
typical for commercial loan agreements, and similar to those contained in the Hercules Loan and Security 
Agreement, that impose significant requirements on us.  Our ability to comply with these provisions may 
be affected by changes in our business condition or results of our operations, or other events beyond our 
control.  The breach of any of these covenants would result in a default under the Loan Agreement, 
permitting Montaur to terminate our ability to obtain additional draws under the Loan Agreement and 
accelerate the maturity of the debt.  Such actions by Montaur could materially adversely affect our 
operations, results of operations and financial condition, including causing us to substantially curtail our 
product development activities. 

Shares of common stock are equity securities and are subordinate to our existing and future 
indebtedness and preferred stock. 

Shares of our common stock are common equity interests.  This means that our common stock ranks 
junior to our outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock and any preferred stock that we may issue in 
the future, to our indebtedness and to all creditor claims and other non-equity claims against us and our 
assets available to satisfy claims on us, including claims in a bankruptcy or similar proceeding.  Our 
existing indebtedness and preferred stock restrict payment of dividends on our common stock, and future 
indebtedness and preferred stock may restrict payments of dividends on our common stock. 

Additionally, unlike indebtedness, where principal and interest customarily are payable on specified due 
dates, in the case of our common stock, (i) dividends are payable only when and if declared by our board 
of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board of directors, and (ii) as a corporation, we are 
restricted to making dividend payments and redemption payments out of legally available assets.  We 
have never paid a dividend on our common stock and have no current intention to pay dividends in the 
future.  Furthermore, our common stock places no restrictions on our business or operations or on our 
ability to incur indebtedness or engage in any transactions, subject only to the voting rights available to 
shareholders generally. 

 37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The global financial crisis and continuing federal budget deadlock may have an impact on our business 
and financial condition in ways that we currently cannot predict, and may further limit our ability to raise 
additional funds. 

The ongoing credit crisis and related turmoil in the global financial system has had and may continue to 
have an impact on our business and our financial condition.  We may face significant challenges if 
conditions in the financial markets do not improve or continue to worsen.  In particular, our ability to 
access the capital markets and raise funds required for our operations may be severely restricted at a 
time when we would like, or need, to do so which could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our 
current and future funding requirements and on our flexibility to react to changing economic and business 
conditions.  The continuing federal budget deadlock not only may adversely affect financial markets, but 
could also delay or reduce research grant funding and adversely affect operations of government 
agencies that regulate us, including the FDA, potentially causing delays in obtaining key regulatory 
approvals. 

Our failure to maintain continued compliance with the listing requirements of the NYSE MKT exchange 
could result in the delisting of our common stock. 

Our common stock has been listed on the NYSE MKT since February 2011.  The rules of NYSE MKT 
provide that shares be delisted from trading in the event the financial condition and/or operating results of 
the Company appear to be unsatisfactory, the extent of public distribution or the aggregate market value 
of the common stock has become so reduced as to make further dealings on the NYSE MKT inadvisable, 
the Company has sold or otherwise disposed of its principal operating assets, or has ceased to be an 
operating company, or the Company has failed to comply with its listing agreements with the Exchange.  
For example, the NYSE MKT may consider suspending trading in, or removing the listing of, securities of 
an issuer that has stockholders’ equity of less than $6.0 million if such issuer has sustained losses from 
continuing operations and/or net losses in its five most recent fiscal years.  As of December 31, 2012, the 
Company had a stockholders’ deficit of approximately $1.4 million.  However, the NYSE MKT will not 
normally consider removing from the list securities of an issuer that fails to meet these requirements if the 
issuer has (1) total value of market capitalization of at least $50,000,000; or total assets and revenue of 
$50,000,000 each in its last fiscal year, or in two of its last three fiscal years; and (2) the issuer has at 
least 1,100,000 shares publicly held, a market value of publicly held shares of at least $15,000,000 and 
400 round lot shareholders.  Based on the number of outstanding shares of our common stock, recent 
trading price of that stock, and number of round lot holders, we believe that we meet these exception 
criteria and that  our common stock will not be delisted as a result of our failure to meet the minimum 
stockholders' equity requirement for continued listing.  We cannot assure you that the Company will 
continue to meet these and other requirements necessary to maintain the listing of our common stock on 
the NYSE MKT.  For example, we may determine to grow our organization or product pipeline or pursue 
development or other activities at levels or on timelines that reduces our stockholders’ equity below the 
level required to maintain compliance with NYSE MKT continued listing standards. 

The delisting of our common stock from the NYSE MKT likely would reduce the trading volume and 
liquidity in our common stock and may lead to decreases in the trading price of our common stock.  The 
delisting of our common stock may also materially impair our stockholders’ ability to buy and sell shares 
of our common stock.  In addition, the delisting of our common stock could significantly impair our ability 
to raise capital, which is critical to the execution of our current business strategy. 

The price of our common stock has been highly volatile due to several factors that will continue to affect 
the price of our stock. 

Our common stock traded as low as $2.14 per share and as high as $4.77 per share during the 12-month 
period ended February 28, 2013.  The market price of our common stock has been and is expected to 
continue to be highly volatile.  Factors, including announcements of technological innovations by us or 
other companies, regulatory matters, new or existing products or procedures, concerns about our 
financial position, operating results, litigation, government regulation, developments or disputes relating to 
agreements, patents or proprietary rights, may have a significant impact on the market price of our stock.  

 38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In addition, potential dilutive effects of future sales of shares of common stock by the Company and by 
stockholders, and subsequent sale of common stock by the holders of warrants and options could have 
an adverse effect on the market price of our shares. 

Some additional factors which could lead to the volatility of our common stock include: 

(cid:120)  price and volume fluctuations in the stock market at large or of companies in our industry which 

(cid:120) 

do not relate to our operating performance; 
changes in securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance or deviations in our 
business and the trading price of our common stock from the estimates of securities analysts; 

(cid:120)  FDA or international regulatory actions and regulatory developments in the U.S. and foreign 

(cid:120) 

countries; 
financing arrangements we may enter that require the issuance of a significant number of 
shares in relation to the number of shares currently outstanding; 
(cid:120)  public concern as to the safety of products that we or others develop; 
(cid:120)  activities of short sellers in our stock; and  
(cid:120) 

fluctuations in market demand for and supply of our products.  

The realization of any of the foregoing could have a dramatic and adverse impact on the market price of 
our common stock.  In addition, class action litigation has often been instituted against companies whose 
securities have experienced substantial decline in market price.  Moreover, regulatory entities often 
undertake investigations of investor transactions in securities that experience volatility following an 
announcement of a significant event or condition.  Any such litigation brought against us or any such 
investigation involving our investors could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s 
attention and resources, which could hurt our business, operating results and financial condition. 

An investor’s ability to trade our common stock may be limited by trading volume. 

Historically, the trading volume for our common stock has been relatively limited.  The average daily 
trading volume for our common stock on the OTC Bulletin Board for the 12-month period ended January 
31, 2011 was approximately 194,000 shares.  Following the listing of our common stock on the NYSE 
MKT on February 10, 2011, trading in our common stock has been more active.  During the 12-month 
period beginning on March 1, 2012 and ending on February 28, 2013, the average daily trading volume 
for our common stock on the NYSE MKT was approximately 850,000 shares.  We cannot, however, 
assure you that this trading volume will be consistently maintained in the future. 

The market price of our common stock may be adversely affected by market conditions affecting the 
stock markets in general, including price and trading fluctuations on the NYSE MKT exchange. 

The market price of our common stock may be adversely affected by market conditions affecting the 
stock markets in general, including price and trading fluctuations on the NYSE MKT.  These conditions 
may result in (i) volatility in the level of, and fluctuations in, the market prices of stocks generally and, in 
turn, our shares of common stock, and (ii) sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the 
market, in each case that could be unrelated or disproportionate to changes in our operating 
performance. 

Because we do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, stockholders 
will only benefit from owning common stock if it appreciates. 

We have paid no cash dividends on any of our common stock to date, and we currently intend to retain 
our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business.  As a result, with respect 
to our common stock, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and payment 
of cash dividends, if any, will also depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital 
requirements and other factors and will be at the discretion of our board of directors.  Furthermore, we 
are subject to various laws and regulations that may restrict our ability to pay dividends and we may in 
the future become subject to contractual restrictions on, or prohibitions against, the payment of dividends.  

 39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due to our intent to retain any future earnings rather than pay cash dividends on our common stock and 
applicable laws, regulations and contractual obligations that may restrict our ability to pay dividends on 
our common stock, the success of your investment in our common stock will likely depend entirely upon 
any future appreciation and there is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate in value. 

We may have difficulty attracting and retaining qualified personnel and our business may suffer if we do 
not. 

Our business has experienced a number of successes and faced several challenges in recent years that 
have resulted in several significant changes in our strategy and business plan, including the shifting of 
resources to support our current development initiatives.  Our management will need to remain flexible to 
support our business model over the next few years.  However, losing members of the Navidea 
management team could have an adverse effect on our operations.  Our success depends on our ability 
to attract and retain technical and management personnel with expertise and experience in the 
pharmaceutical industry, and the acquisition of additional product candidates may require us to acquire 
additional highly qualified personnel.  The competition for qualified personnel in the biotechnology 
industry is intense and we may not be successful in hiring or retaining the requisite personnel.  If we are 
unable to attract and retain qualified technical and management personnel, we will suffer diminished 
chances of future success. 

If we make any acquisitions, we will incur a variety of costs and may never realize the anticipated 
benefits. 

If appropriate opportunities become available, we may attempt to acquire businesses and assets that we 
believe are a strategic fit with our business.  While we periodically are engaged in discussions regarding 
potential business or product acquisitions, we currently have no binding agreements to consummate any 
material acquisitions.  If we pursue any such transaction, the process of negotiating the acquisition and 
integrating an acquired business and assets may result in operating difficulties and expenditures and may 
require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for ongoing development of 
our business whether or not any such transaction is ever consummated.  Moreover, we may never realize 
the anticipated benefits of any acquisition.  Future acquisitions could result in potentially dilutive 
issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities and/or amortization expenses 
related to goodwill and other intangible assets which could harm our business, financial condition, 
operating results and prospects and the trading price of our securities. 

We may be adversely affected if our controls over external financial reporting fail or are circumvented. 

We regularly review and update our internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate 
governance policies.  In addition, we are required under the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 to report 
annually on our internal control over financial reporting.  If it were to be determined that our internal 
control over financial reporting is not effective, such shortcoming could have an adverse effect on our 
business and financial results and the price of our common stock could be negatively affected.  This 
reporting requirement could also make it more difficult or more costly for us to obtain certain types of 
insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced 
policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage.  Any 
system of internal controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions 
and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met.  
Any failure or circumvention of the controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulation 
concerning control and procedures could have a material effect on our business, results of operation and 
financial condition.  Any of these events could result in an adverse reaction in the financial marketplace 
due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which ultimately could 
negatively affect the market price of our shares, increase the volatility of our stock price and adversely 
affect our ability to raise additional funding.  The effect of these events could also make it more difficult for 
us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors and our board committees and 
as executive officers. 

 40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments 

None. 

Item 2.  Properties 

We currently lease approximately 15,000 square feet of office space at 425 Metro Place North, Dublin, 
Ohio, as our principal offices. The current lease term expires October 31, 2013, at a monthly base rent of 
approximately $12,000 during 2013.  We must also pay a pro-rata portion of the operating expenses and 
real estate taxes of the building.  We also lease approximately 4,000 square feet of office space at 10 
New England Business Center Drive, Andover, Massachusetts, primarily for our business development 
and commercialization departments.  The current lease term expires March 2014, at a monthly base rent 
of approximately $6,400 during 2013.  We must also pay a pro-rata portion of the electricity cost of the 
building.  We believe both facilities are in good condition, but that we may need to expand our leased 
space related to our radiopharmaceutical development activities depending on the level of activities 
performed internally versus by third parties. 

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings 

None. 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosure 

Not applicable. 

 41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II 

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities 

Our common stock trades on the NYSE MKT exchange under the trading symbol NAVB.  Prior to our 
name change from Neoprobe Corporation to Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. on January 5, 2012, our 
common stock was traded on the NYSE MKT under the trading symbol NEOP.  Prior to being listed on 
the NYSE MKT beginning February 10, 2011, our common stock was traded on the OTC Bulletin Board 
under the trading symbol NEOP.OB.  The prices set forth below reflect the quarterly high, low and closing 
sales prices for shares of our common stock during the last two fiscal years as reported by Reuters 
Limited.  These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail markup, markdown or commission, 
and may not represent actual transactions. 

Fiscal Year 2012: 
First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter  
Fourth Quarter 

Fiscal Year 2011: 
First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter  
Fourth Quarter 

High 

Low 

$ 3.55 
3.79 
4.77 
2.98 

$ 4.71 
5.48 
3.60 
3.18 

$ 2.60 
2.60 
2.28 
2.14 

$ 2.00 
3.05 
1.62 
2.05 

As of March 1, 2013, we had approximately 701 holders of common stock of record.  

We have not paid any dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends on 
our common stock in the foreseeable future.  We intend to retain any earnings to finance the growth of 
our business.  We cannot assure you that we will ever pay cash dividends.  Whether we pay cash 
dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our financial 
condition, results of operations, capital requirements and any other factors that the Board of Directors 
decides are relevant.  See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations. 

During the three-month period ended December 31, 2012, Platinum Montaur Life Sciences, LLC 
(Montaur) exercised 6,000,000 Series W warrants in exchange for issuance of 6,000,000 shares of our 
common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $1,920,000.  The issuance of the shares was exempt from 
registration under Sections 4(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. 

Also during the three-month period ended December 31, 2012, 1,000 shares of the Series C Convertible 
Preferred Stock automatically converted into 3,226,000 shares of our common stock.  The issuance of the 
shares was exempt from registration under Sections 4(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D 
promulgated thereunder.

42 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Performance Graph 

The following graph compares the cumulative total return on a $100 investment in each of the common 
stock of the Company, the Russell 3000, and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index for the period from 
December 31, 2007 through December 31, 2012.  This graph assumes an investment in the Company’s 
common stock and the indices of $100 on December 31, 2007 and that all dividends were reinvested. 

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, the Russell 3000 Index, and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index

$1,200

$1,000

$800

$600

$400

$200

$0

12/07

12/08

12/09

12/10

12/11

12/12

Navidea Biopharmaceuticals

Russell 3000

NASDAQ Biotechnology

*$100 invested on 12/31/07 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.

Copyright© 2013 Russell Investment Group. All rights reserved.

Cumulative Total Return as of December 31, 

2010 

2012 

2011 
$720.28  $916.08  $989.51
110.65
163.33

95.05 
129.12 

94.08 
113.89 

Navidea Biopharmaceuticals 
Russell 3000 
NASDAQ Biotechnology 

2007 
$100.00
100.00
100.00

2008 
$199.30
62.69
93.40

2009 
$426.57
80.46
103.19

43

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Item 6.  Selected Financial Data 

The following summary financial data are derived from our consolidated financial statements that have 
been audited by our independent registered public accounting firm.  These data are qualified in their 
entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes 
thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K as well as Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 
Financial Condition and Results of Operations.  Summary financial data for 2012 and prior periods reflect 
the disposition of our gamma detection device business in August 2011 and the reclassification of certain 
related items to discontinued operations. 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data) 

Statement of Operations Data: 
Revenue 
Research and development expenses 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Loss from operations 

2012 

$             79
16,890
11,178
(27,989)

Years Ended December 31, 
2010 

2011 

2009 

2008 

$           598
15,154
9,548
(24,104)

$             617    $               --
4,380
3,028
(7,408)

8,941   
4,353   
(12,677)   

$               --
3,756
2,936
(6,692)

Other expenses, net 

(1,168)

(943)

(43,567)   

(35,891)

(2,124)

Benefit from income taxes 

--

7,880

2,135   

1,256

1,241

Loss from continuing operations 
Discontinued operations, net of tax effect 

Net (loss) income 
Preferred stock dividends 

(29,157)
--

(29,157)
(43)

(17,167)
22,780

(54,109)   
4,144   

(42,043)
2,437

5,613
(100)

(49,965)   
(8,207)   

(39,606)
(240)

(7,575)
2,409

(5,166)
--

(Loss) income attributable to common stockholders 

$    (29,200)

$        5,513

$    (58,172)    $    (39,846)

$      (5,166)

(Loss) income per common share 
   (basic and diluted): 
   Continuing operations 
   Discontinued operations 
   (Loss) income attributable to common stockholders 

Shares used in computing (loss) income 
   per common share: (1) 
   Basic and diluted 

Balance Sheet Data: 
Total assets 
Long-term obligations 
Accumulated deficit 

$        (0.29)
$               --
$        (0.29)

$         (0.17)
$           0.23
$            0.06

$         (0.77)    $        (0.57)
$           0.05    $          0.03
$         (0.72)    $        (0.54)

$        (0.12)
$          0.04
$        (0.08)

99,060

90,509

80,726   

73,772

68,594

2012 

2011 

As of December 31, 
2010 

2009 

2008 

$      11,972
7,187
(274,558)

$      31,194
6,714
(245,357)

$        10,863    $          9,018
13,485
(192,699)

2,787   
(250,870)   

$        9,619
7,323
(148,840)

(1)  Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders 
by the weighted-average number of common shares and, except for periods with a loss from operations, participating 
securities outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects additional common shares that 
would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued.  Potential common shares that 
may be issued by the Company include convertible securities, options and warrants. 

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

The following discussion should be read together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the 
Notes related to those statements, as well as the other financial information included in this Form 10-K.  
Some of our discussion is forward-looking and involves risks and uncertainties. For information regarding 
risk factors that could have a material adverse effect on our business, refer to Item 1A of this Form 10-K, 
Risk Factors. 

The Company 

Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (Navidea, the Company, or we), a Delaware corporation, is a 
biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of precision diagnostics 
and radiopharmaceutical agents.  We have one approved product in the U.S., Lymphoseek® (technetium 
Tc 99m tilmanocept) Injection, a novel, receptor-targeted, small-molecule radiopharmaceutical, indicated 
for use in lymphatic mapping for breast cancer and melanoma.  Lymphoseek is designed to identify the 
lymph nodes that drain from a primary tumor, which have the highest probability of harboring cancer.  
Additional investigational trials in other solid tumor cancers are anticipated to provide support for 
expanding the utilization of Lymphoseek into multiple other cancer types.  We are currently developing 
three other radiopharmaceutical agent platforms.  NAV4694, is an F-18 radiolabeled positron emission 
tomography (PET) imaging agent being developed as an aid in the diagnosis of patients with signs or 
symptoms of cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).  NAV5001, is an Iodine-123 
radiolabeled single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging agent being developed as 
an aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other movement disorders, with potential 
additional use as a diagnostic aid in dementia.   RIGScanTM, is a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody being 
developed as a diagnostic aid for use during surgery to help surgeons locate occult or metastatic cancer, 
with a primary focus on colorectal cancer.  All of these investigational drug products are still in 
development and must be cleared for marketing by the appropriate regulatory authorities before they can 
be sold in any markets. 

Executive Summary 

We believe that the future prospects for Navidea continue to improve as we make progress in executing 
our strategic vision to become a leader in precision diagnostics.  Our primary development efforts over 
the last few years have been focused on the development of our now-approved Lymphoseek product 
candidate, as well as more recently on our other pipeline programs, including NAV4694, NAV5001 and 
RIGScan.  We expect our overall research and development expenditures to continue to be significantly 
higher during 2013 as compared to 2012 due to the expansion of our clinical, regulatory, and business 
development staff and efforts that support the commercialization of Lymphoseek, further development of 
Lymphoseek, NAV4694, NAV5001 and RIGScan, and the potential sourcing and development of 
additional pipeline product candidates.  The level to which the expenditures rise will depend on how 
successful we are in commercializing Lymphoseek and on the extent to which we are able to execute on 
our strategic development initiatives. 

Our efforts in 2012 and to date in 2013 have resulted in the following milestone achievements: 

Corporate/Financial 

(cid:120)  Neoprobe Corporation became Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE MKT: NAVB) reflecting 

(cid:120) 

the Company’s biopharmaceutical focus on precision diagnostics development and 
commercialization. 
Implemented a $50 million credit facility with Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences LLC (Montaur) in 
July 2012, of which $15 million is currently available, to provide flexible financial resources to fund 
short- and long-term development and growth plans.  In December 2012, the Company drew a 
total of $4 million under the Montaur credit facility.  Montaur also exercised certain warrants in 
December 2012 and March 2013, providing $1.9 million and $1.4 million in proceeds, 
respectively. 

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(cid:120)  Completed an underwritten public offering of 1.5 million shares of common stock in February 
2013, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $4.4 million after deducting 
expenses associated with the offering.   

(cid:120)  Appointed pharma industry veteran Cornelia Reininger, MD, PhD, as Chief Medical Officer to lead 
ongoing development of our pipeline agents, playing a key role in medical strategy, protocol 
design, product positioning and regulatory direction.  Formerly, Dr. Reininger spearheaded 
development and registration of the neuroimaging agents, florbetaben for Alzheimer’s disease 
and DaTScanTM for Parkinson’s disease. 

(cid:120)  Augmented management with the addition of key strategic positions to strengthen the Company’s 

global regulatory, commercial and manufacturing functions including William Regan, Senior Vice 
President, Global Regulatory Strategy; David Pendleton, Vice President, Marketing and New 
Product Planning;  Stephen Haber,  Vice President, Development; and David Casebier, Vice 
President, Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control. 

Pipeline 

(cid:120)  Lymphoseek 

o  Lymphoseek was approved and indicated for use in lymphatic mapping for breast cancer 

and melanoma by the FDA on March 13, 2013.  

o  Submitted the Lymphoseek Marketing Authorization Application to the European 

Medicines Agency in December 2012.   

o  Reached the interim analysis point of the NEO3-06 Phase 3 head and neck cancer study 
of Lymphoseek with results from the interim statistical analysis and reporting of the 
findings expected later in 2013. 
Initiated a collaboration with Maimonides Medical Center on an investigator-initiated 
clinical trial utilizing Lymphoseek for lymphatic mapping in colorectal cancer. 

o 

o  Presented data from Lymphoseek clinical trials at more than 15 major medical meetings, 

including: Society of Surgical Oncology, European Society of Surgical Oncology, 
American Society of Clinical Oncology, Society of Nuclear Medicine, International 
Conference on Head and Neck Cancer, European Association of Nuclear Medicine, 
American Society for Radiation Oncology and Radiology Society of North America. 
o  Published data from the Lymphoseek Phase 3 Clinical Trial for Intraoperative Lymphatic 
Mapping of Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Compared to Sulfur Colloid and Vital Blue 
Dye in the Journal of Clinical Oncology Online (2012; e21066). 

o  Published results from the Lymphoseek Phase 3 Clinical Trials in Melanoma in the 

Annals of Surgical Oncology (DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2612-z). 

(cid:120)  NAV4694 

o 

Initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial of NAV4694 as an aid in diagnosing AD with the goal to 
compare images from subjects with probable AD with similarly aged and young healthy 
volunteers. 

o  Presented data from the NAV4694 studies six major neurological medical meetings 

including: Human Amyloid Imaging meeting, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, 
Society of Nuclear Medicine and the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference on 
Alzheimer’s Disease.  

(cid:120)  NAV5001 

o  Licensed NAV5001, an Iodine-123 radiolabeled imaging agent being developed as a 
potential aid in the diagnosis of PD, dementia with Lewy Bodies and other movement 
disorders, thus expanding the Company’s neuroimaging pipeline. 

(cid:120)  RIGScan 

o  Awarded a Small Business Innovation Research grant from the National Institutes of 
Health for development of a radioimmunoguided surgery agent aimed at detecting 
metastatic cancer, with potential for grant money up to a total of $1.5 million over three 
years if fully funded.  

46

 
  
 
  
Our Outlook  

With the U.S. approval of Lymphoseek on March 13, 2013, the Company is moving forward with 
preparations for commercial launch in the U.S. with our marketing partner, Cardinal Health, expected in 
the second quarter of 2013.  As such, we expect to report revenue from Lymphoseek in the second 
quarter of 2013.  However, as we do not yet have experience and insight into the level of potential sales 
success we may achieve with Lymphoseek, we do not currently expect to provide revenue guidance for 
2013. 

Excluding the results of our discontinued operations, as discussed below, our operating expenses over 
the last three years have been focused primarily on support of Lymphoseek and NAV4694 product 
development, and to a lesser extent, on efforts to restart active development of RIGScan.  In addition, 
during 2012 we paid $1.8 million in option and sublicense fees ($1.1 million of which was non-cash in 
nature) related to a sublicense agreement with Alseres for the exclusive worldwide license of NAV5001. 

We spent approximately $16.9 million, $15.2 million and $8.9 million in total on research and 
development activities in the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  Following 
the sale of the GDS Business, our entire organization is focused on the development of 
radiopharmaceutical agents that fulfill our vision of becoming a leader in precision diagnostics.  Of the 
total amounts we have spent on research and development over the last three years, excluding costs 
related to our internal research and development headcount and our general and administrative staff 
which we do not currently allocate among the various development programs that we have underway, we 
incurred out-of-pocket charges by program as follows: 

Development Program 
Lymphoseek 
NAV4694 
NAV5001 
RIGScan 

2012 
$       5,632,183
3,339,592
2,159,483
253,325

2011 
$       5,286,395 
5,018,490 
-- 
1,302,851 

2010 

  $       5,854,703
--
--
940,435

Due to the advancement of our efforts with Lymphoseek, NAV4694, NAV5001, RIGScan, and potentially 
other programs, we expect our total drug-related development and commercialization expenses for 2013 
to increase significantly over 2012.  The specific levels to which each program’s expenditures may rise 
will depend in part on how successful we are in commercializing Lymphoseek and on the extent to which 
we draw on the other financial resources we have at our disposal.  In general, development expenses in 
2013 for Lymphoseek are expected to decrease as compared to 2012 while expenses related to 
NAV4694, NAV5001 and RIGScan are all currently expected to increase in 2013 over 2012. 

During 2013, we expect to incur additional development expenses related to supporting the Marketing 
Authorization Application (MAA) review of Lymphoseek in the EU, our NEO3-06 clinical trial and studies 
to support Lymphoseek in a potential post-commercialization setting, and support the other product 
activities related to the potential marketing registration of Lymphoseek in other markets.  In addition, we 
expect to incur significant costs during 2013 to support our business development and commercialization 
activities surrounding Lymphoseek.  We cannot assure you that Lymphoseek will achieve regulatory 
approval in the EU or any other market outside the U.S., or if approved, that it will achieve market 
acceptance. 

We also expect to incur significant expenses for NAV4694 during 2013 related to ongoing additional 
Phase 2 clinical trials and the initiation of a Phase 2 clinical study in subjects with mild cognitive 
impairment and a pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in subjects with AD, as well as costs for manufacturing-
related activities required prior to filing for regulatory clearance to market.  NAV4694 is currently not 
expected to contribute revenue to the Company until 2016 at the earliest.  We cannot assure you that 
further clinical trials for this product will be successful, that the agent will ultimately achieve regulatory 
approval, or if approved, the extent to which it will achieve market acceptance. 

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We expect to incur significant expenses for NAV5001 during 2013 related to initiation of Phase 2 and 
Phase 3 clinical trials, as well as for manufacturing-related activities required to support clinical activities 
and to prepare to file for regulatory clearance to market.  NAV5001 is not expected to generate revenue 
for the Company until 2016 at the earliest.  We cannot assure you that clinical trials for this product will be 
successful, that the agent will ultimate achieve regulatory approval, or if approved, the extent to which it 
will achieve market acceptance. 

We are in the process of evaluating the business, manufacturing, development and regulatory pathways 
forward with respect to RIGScan.  We believe that the time required for continued development, 
regulatory approval and commercialization of a RIGScan product would likely be a minimum of five years 
before we receive any significant product-related royalties or revenues.  We cannot assure you that we 
will be able to complete satisfactory development arrangements or obtain incremental financing to fund 
development of the RIGS technology and cannot guarantee that such arrangements could be obtained on 
a timely basis on terms acceptable to us, or at all.  We also cannot assure you that further clinical 
development will be successful, that the FDA or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) will clear 
RIGScan for marketing, or that it will be successfully introduced or achieve market acceptance. 

Finally, if we are successful in identifying and securing additional product candidates to augment our 
product development pipeline, we will likely incur significant additional expenses related to furthering the 
development of such products. 

Discontinued Operations 

From our inception through August 2011, we developed and marketed a line of medical devices, the 
neoprobe® GDS gamma detection systems (the GDS Business).  However, following an analysis of our 
strategic goals and objectives, our Board of Directors authorized, and our stockholders approved, the sale 
of the GDS Business to Devicor Medical Products, Inc. (Devicor) in August 2011 (the Asset Sale).  Under 
the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement (APA) with Devicor, we sold the assets and assigned certain 
liabilities that were primarily related to the GDS Business.  In exchange for the assets of the GDS 
Business, Devicor made cash payments to us of $30.3 million, assumed certain liabilities of the Company 
associated with the GDS Business, and agreed to make royalty payments to us of up to an aggregate 
maximum amount of $20 million based on the net revenue attributable to the GDS Business over the 
course of fiscal years 2012 through 2017.  We did not record any royalty revenue in 2012 as Devicor did 
not achieve the minimum sales of gamma detection devices required to trigger such payment.  In 
December 2011, we entered an agreement to transfer potential liability related to extended warranty 
contracts related to the GDS Business, which were outstanding as of the date of the sale of the GDS 
Business but which were not included in the August 2011 transaction.  In exchange for transferring the 
liability related to the extended warranty contracts to Devicor, we made a cash payment to Devicor of 
$178,000. 

Our consolidated statements of operations have been reclassified to discontinued operations, as 
required.  Cash flows associated with discontinued operations have been combined within operating, 
investing and financing cash flows, as appropriate, in our consolidated statements of cash flows. 

Results of Operations 

This discussion of our Results of Operations focuses on describing results of our operations as if we had 
not operated the discontinued operations discussed above during the periods being disclosed.  In 
addition, since our radiopharmaceuticals are not yet generating commercial revenue, the discussion of 
our revenue focuses on the grant and other revenue we have received and our operating variances focus 
on our radiopharmaceutical development programs and the supporting general and administrative 
expenses. 

48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 

Revenue.  Revenue of $60,000 during 2012 was related to reimbursement of certain Lymphoseek 
commercialization activities by our distribution partner, Cardinal Health.  Revenue of $592,000 during 
2011 was related to an Ohio Third Frontier grant to support Lymphoseek development.  Additional 
revenue of $19,000 and $6,000 during 2012 and 2011, respectively, was related to additional Ohio Third 
Frontier grants to support student internships. 

Research and Development Expenses.  Research and development expenses increased $1.7 million, or 
11%, to $16.9 million during 2012 from $15.2 million during the same period in 2011.  The increase was 
primarily due to net increases in drug project expenses related primarily to (i) increased NAV5001 
development costs of $2.2 million, including option and sublicense fees of $1.8 million ($1.1 million of 
which was non-cash in nature) coupled with due diligence, consulting and manufacturing-related costs, 
(ii) a net increase in Lymphoseek development costs of $346,000 resulting from increased manufacturing-
related costs, regulatory consulting costs and filing fees related to preparation and filing of a MAA with the 
EMA, and consulting costs related to preparation for a potential FDA Advisory Committee meeting, offset 
by the $1.5 million FDA filing fee and UCSD license milestone payment related to filing the Lymphoseek 
NDA in 2011 coupled with decreased clinical activities, and (iii) increased license fees and consulting 
costs related to potential pipeline products of $192,000; offset by (iv) a net decrease in NAV4694 
development costs of $1.7 million, resulting from the $5.0 million initial license fee incurred in 2011, offset 
by increased clinical activities, technology transfer and manufacturing-related costs, project management 
and consulting fees in 2012, and (v) decreased RIGScan development costs of $1.0 million, primarily 
related to manufacturing.  The net increase in research and development expenses also included an 
increase in headcount and related expenses required for expanded development efforts of $1.0 million, 
as well as increased costs related to travel, pharmacovigilance activities, consulting, training, recruiting, 
general office and other expenses of $737,000. 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 
$1.7 million, or 17%, to $11.2 million during 2012 from $9.5 million in 2011.  The net increase was 
primarily due to our formation of a marketing and business development team during the second half of 
2011 to prepare for the commercial launch of Lymphoseek.  Increased marketing costs primarily related 
to the pending commercial launch of Lymphoseek of $2.5 million, increased compensation costs of $1.2 
million related to increased headcount and incentive-based compensation, and increased travel, 
insurance, taxes and general office expenses to support the increased headcount of $538,000 were offset 
by a decrease in separation costs of $2.7 million related to our former President and CEO which were 
recorded in 2011. 

Other Income (Expense).  Other expense, net, was $1.2 million during 2012 as compared to $943,000 in 
2011.  Interest expense increased to $1.2 million during 2012 from $13,000 in 2011, due to the notes 
payable we entered into in December 2011 and December 2012.  Of the interest expense in 2012, 
$545,000 was non-cash in nature related to the amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discounts 
resulting from the warrants issued and conversion features embedded in the December 2011 note.  
During 2012 and 2011, we recorded income of $32,000 and charges of $952,000, respectively, related to 
the changes in derivative liabilities resulting from the requirement to mark our derivative liabilities to 
market. 

Income Taxes.  An estimated tax provision of $6.7 million related to the gain on the sale of discontinued 
operations and $1.2 million related to income from discontinued operations was offset by an estimated tax 
benefit of $7.9 million related to the loss from continuing operations during 2011. 

Gain on Sale of Discontinued Operations.  Gain on sale of discontinued operations related to the sale of 
our GDS Business to Devicor was $19.5 million during 2011.  The sales price of $30.3 million included a 
cash payment of $30.0 million and an accrued net working capital adjustment of an additional $254,000.  
The proceeds were offset by $2.8 million in investment banking, legal and other fees related to the sale, 
$1.2 million in net balance sheet dispositions and write-offs, and $6.7 million of estimated taxes, as noted 
above. 

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from Discontinued Operations.  The income from discontinued operations was $3.3 million, net of 
$1.0 million in estimated taxes, during 2011 and was primarily related to the operation of our GDS 
Business, which was sold to Devicor in August 2011. 

Years Ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 

Revenue.  Revenue of $592,000 during 2011 was related to the Ohio Third Frontier grant to support 
Lymphoseek development.  Revenue of $602,000 during 2010 was related to Ohio Third Frontier and 
Qualifying Therapeutic Discovery Project grants.  Additional revenue of $6,000 and $15,000 during 2011 
and 2010, respectively, was related to additional Ohio Third Frontier grants to support student internships. 

Research and Development Expenses.  Research and development expenses increased $6.3 million, or 
70%, to $15.2 million during 2011 from $8.9 million in 2010.  The increase was primarily due to net 
increases in drug project expenses related primarily to (i) the $5.0 million initial license fee for NAV4694, 
(ii) increased Lymphoseek development costs including the $1.5 million filing fee for the Lymphoseek 
NDA, regulatory consulting costs of $452,000, and license fees of $70,000, (iii) increased manufacturing, 
and regulatory project costs of $457,000 related to RIGScan, and (iv) project costs of $355,000 related to 
various potential new product candidates; offset by (v) decreased process development costs of $1.7 
million and decreased clinical activity costs of $956,000 related to Lymphoseek, and (vi) decreased 
process development costs of $76,000 related to RIGScan.  The net increase in research and 
development expenses was also due to increased compensation of $914,000 due to increased 
headcount required for expanded development efforts and increased related expenses such as incentive-
based compensation, travel and supplies. 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 
$5.1 million, or 119%, to $9.5 million during 2011 from $4.4 million in 2010.  The net increase was 
primarily due to separation costs of $2.3 million related to the separation of our former President and 
CEO, David Bupp; increased compensation costs of $1.4 million related to net increased headcount and 
incentive-based compensation; increased professional services and consulting costs of $850,000 that 
supported preparation for Lymphoseek commercialization, listing on the NYSE MKT, and various 
corporate governance and investor relations issues; and increased Board of Directors costs of $217,000 
due to increased meeting fees related to the number of transactions considered during 2011 and stock-
based incentive compensation.  The net increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was 
also due to increased headcount-related costs such as travel, recruiting and space costs. 

Other Income (Expense).  Other expense, net decreased $42.6 million to $943,000 in 2011 from $43.6 
million in 2010.  During 2010, we recorded a non-cash loss on the extinguishment of debt of $41.7 million 
related to the exchange of our outstanding convertible debt for convertible preferred stock.  During 2011 
and 2010, we recorded charges of $952,000 and $1.3 million, respectively, related to the increases in 
derivative liabilities resulting from the requirement to mark our derivative liabilities to market.  Interest 
expense decreased $542,000 to $13,000 during 2011 from $555,000 in 2010, primarily due to the June 
2010 exchange of our then-outstanding convertible debt agreements for convertible preferred stock.  Of 
this interest expense, $403,000 in 2010 was non-cash in nature due to the payment or accrued payment 
of interest on our convertible debt with shares of our common stock.  In addition, $4,000 and $16,000 of 
interest expense during 2011 and 2010, respectively, was non-cash in nature related to the amortization 
of debt discounts and issuance costs resulting from warrants and conversion features related to our 
convertible debt.  Interest income increased $17,000 to $26,000 during 2011 from $9,000 in 2010, 
primarily due to increased cash balances. 

Income Taxes.  Estimated tax liabilities of $6.7 million related to the gain on the sale of discontinued 
operations and $1.2 million related to income from discontinued operations were fully offset by an 
estimated tax benefit of $7.9 million related to the loss from continuing operations during 2011.  Estimated 
tax liabilities of $2.1 million related to income from discontinued operations were fully offset by an 
estimated tax benefit of $2.1 million related to the loss from continuing operations during 2010. 

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain on Sale of Discontinued Operations.  We recognized a gain on sale of discontinued operations 
related to the sale of our GDS Business to Devicor and subsequent disposition of our extended warranty 
contracts of $19.5 million during 2011.  The sales price of $30.3 million was offset by a cash payment to 
Devicor of $178,000 in exchange for transferring the liability related to the extended warranty contracts, 
$2.8 million in investment banking, legal and other fees related to the sale, $1.2 million in net balance 
sheet dispositions and write-offs, and $6.7 million in estimated taxes which were allocated to discontinued 
operations, but were fully offset by the tax benefit from our net operating loss for 2011. 

Income from Discontinued Operations.  Income from discontinued operations decreased $815,000, or 
20%, to $3.3 million during 2011 from $4.1 million in 2010, primarily due to the sale of our GDS Business 
to Devicor in August 2011.  Total revenues from discontinued operations were $7.7 million and $10.1 
million in 2011 and 2010, respectively. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Cash balances decreased to $9.1 million at December 31, 2012 from $28.6 million at December 31, 
2011.  The net decrease was primarily due to cash used to fund our operations, mainly for research and 
development activities, coupled with $1.3 million of principal payments on our notes payable, offset by 
$4.0 million of cash received as proceeds from our credit facility and $2.7 million received for the exercise 
of warrants and stock options.  The current ratio decreased to 1.7:1 at December 31, 2012 from 9.0:1 at 
December 31, 2011. 

Operating Activities.  Cash used in operations increased $7.9 million to $23.9 million during 2012 
compared to $16.0 million during 2011.  Cash used in operations increased $10.8 million to $16.0 million 
during 2011 compared to $5.2 million during 2010. 

Inventory levels decreased to $298,000 at December 31, 2012 from $822,000 at December 31, 2011.  
Inventory decreased primarily due to the reserve or write-off of Lymphoseek inventory as a result of 
changes in our projections of the probability of future commercial use and the consumption of materials 
for previously unanticipated product development activities.  Offsetting these decreases was an increase 
in pharmaceutical materials related to the completion of a new lot of the Lymphoseek drug substance.  
Inventory levels increased to $822,000 at December 31, 2011 from $632,000 at December 31, 2010 
related to the finishing and vialing of a new lot of Lymphoseek, offset by some usage for research and 
development.  We expect inventory levels to increase during 2013 as we produce additional drug 
inventory in preparation for commercial launch and establish normal stock levels for Lymphoseek. 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased to $1.2 million at December 31, 2012 from 
$555,000 at December 31, 2011, primarily due to prepayments to our third party manufacturers of 
Lymphoseek inventory and increased insurance premiums paid during the fourth quarter of 2012.  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased to $555,000 at December 31, 2011 from $258,000 
at December 31, 2010, primarily due to income tax receivable related to the overpayment of estimated 
2011 taxes due to the estimated gain on the Asset Sale and increased insurance premiums paid during 
the fourth quarter of 2011. 

Accounts payable increased to $1.4 million at December 31, 2012 from $682,000 at December 31, 2011, 
primarily due to increases in NAV4694 development and Lymphoseek manufacturing activities, offset by 
decreases in Lymphoseek regulatory activities, coupled with normal fluctuations in timing of receipt and 
payment of invoices.  Accrued liabilities and other decreased to $2.0 million at December 31, 2012 from 
$2.1 million at December 31, 2011, primarily due to payment of costs related to the separation of our 
former President and CEO and payment of debt issuance costs related to our convertible debt, offset by 
increases in NAV4694 and Lymphoseek development costs.  Accounts payable decreased to $682,000 at 
December 31, 2011 from $1.4 million at December 31, 2010 primarily due to decreases in Lymphoseek 
development activities as well as normal fluctuations in timing of receipt and payment of invoices.  
Accrued liabilities and other increased to $2.1 million at December 31, 2011 from $1.0 million at 
December 31, 2010, primarily due to increased compensation, research and development, and 
professional services fees incurred during 2011 as well as costs related to the separation of Mr. Bupp.  

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our payable and accrual balances will continue to fluctuate but will likely increase overall as we increase 
our level of commercial and development activity related to Lymphoseek, and development activity 
related to NAV4694, NAV5001, RIGScan, and other potential product candidates. 

Investing Activities.  Investing activities used $672,000 of cash during 2012 compared to $27.2 million of 
cash provided during 2011 and $399,000 of cash used during 2010.  The sale of the GDS Business to 
Devicor in August 2011 and the disposition of the related extended warranty contracts in December 2011 
provided a total of $27.4 million, net of related expenses.  Capital expenditures of $663,000 during 2012 
were primarily for production and laboratory equipment, software, computers, and office furniture.  Capital 
expenditures of $184,000 during 2011 were primarily for software, computers, and office furniture.  
Capital expenditures of $367,000 during 2010 were primarily for production equipment, office furniture, 
software, and computers.  We expect our overall capital expenditures for 2013 will increase over 2012 as 
we purchase equipment required for NAV4694 production and potentially expand our offices to 
accommodate anticipated headcount additions.  Payments for patent and trademark costs were $8,000, 
$53,000 and $32,000 during 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. 

Financing Activities.  Financing activities provided $5.1 million of cash during 2012 compared to $11.1 
million provided during 2011 and $6.3 million provided during 2010.  The net $5.1 million provided by 
financing activities during 2012 consisted primarily of $4.0 million of proceeds from notes payable and 
$2.7 million of proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options, offset by $1.3 million of principal 
payments on our convertible debt, $154,000 paid for related debt issuance costs, $101,000 paid for 
common stock repurchased from executives, and payments of preferred stock dividends of $100,000.   
The net $11.1 million provided by financing activities during 2011 consisted primarily of $7.2 million of 
proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options, offset by $2.8 million paid for related tax 
withholdings primarily related to the separation of our former President and CEO, David Bupp, $7.0 
million of cash received upon completion of a partially convertible debt agreement, offset by $189,000 
paid for related debt issuance costs, and payments of preferred stock dividends of $100,000.  The net 
$6.3 million provided by financing activities in 2010 consisted primarily of proceeds from the issuance of 
common stock of $7.1 million, offset by payments of stock offering costs of $478,000, payments of tax 
withholdings related to stock options exercised of $133,000, and payments of preferred stock dividends of 
$111,000. 

Fusion Capital 

In March 2010, we sold to Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC (Fusion Capital), an Illinois limited liability 
company, 540,541 shares of our common stock for proceeds of $1.0 million under a common stock 
purchase agreement.  In connection with this sale, we issued 120,000 shares of our common stock to 
Fusion Capital as a commitment fee.  The agreement with Fusion Capital expired on March 1, 2011, and 
as a result, Fusion Capital may liquidate any commitment fee shares issued to it during the term of the 
agreement. 

Montaur and the Bupp Investors 

In June 2010, we entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement with Montaur, pursuant to which 
Montaur exchanged its 10% Series A Convertible Senior Secured Promissory Note with an outstanding 
principal amount of $7,000,000, its 10% Series B Convertible Senior Secured Promissory Note with an 
outstanding principal amount of $3,000,000, and its 3,000 shares of Series A Cumulative Convertible 
Preferred Stock, for 10,000 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the Series B Preferred 
Stock), convertible into 32,700,000 shares of common stock.  The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible 
at the option of Montaur and carries no dividend requirement. In the event of the liquidation of the 
Company, the holders of shares of the Series B Preferred Stock have preference over the common 
stock.  After payment of the full liquidation preference amount to which each holder is entitled, such 
holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock will not be entitled to any further participation as such in 
any distribution of the assets of the Company.  As consideration for the exchange, the Company issued 
additional Series B Preferred Stock which is convertible into 1.3 million shares of common stock. 

52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Also in June 2010, we entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement with David C. Bupp, then our 
President and CEO, and certain members of his family (the Bupp Investors), pursuant to which the Bupp 
Investors exchanged their 10% Convertible Secured Promissory Note with an outstanding principal 
amount of $1,000,000 (the Bupp Note) for 1,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (the 
Series C Preferred Stock), convertible into 3,226,000 shares of common stock.  The Series C Preferred 
Stock had a 10% dividend rate and participated equally with our common stock in liquidation proceeds 
based upon the number of common shares into which the Series C Preferred Stock was convertible.  The 
exchange of the Montaur Notes, the Series A Preferred Stock and the Bupp Note were treated as 
extinguishments for accounting purposes.  As a result of these exchange transactions, all security 
interests in the Company’s assets held by Montaur and the Bupp Investors were extinguished. 

In May 2011, Montaur converted 917 shares of their Series B Preferred Stock into 2,998,590 shares of 
our common stock under the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock.  In July 2012, Montaur converted 
3,063 shares of their Series B Preferred Stock into 10,016,010 shares of our common stock under the 
terms of the Series B Preferred Stock.  In November 2012, we entered into a Securities Exchange 
Agreement with Platinum Partners Value Arbitrage Fund, L.P. (Platinum), an affiliate of Montaur, pursuant 
to which Platinum exchanged 3,001,860 shares of our common stock owned by Platinum for 918 shares 
of our Series B Preferred Stock.  As of December 31, 2012, there are 6,938 shares of Series B Preferred 
Stock outstanding which are convertible into 22,687,260 shares of our common stock. 

During 2011, Mr. Bupp and certain members of his family exercised 810,000 Series V warrants in 
exchange for issuance of 810,000 shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $255,600.  
During 2012, the holder of 20,000 Series V warrants exercised them in exchange for issuance of 20,000 
shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $6,200.  Also during 2012, Montaur exercised 
6,000,000 Series W warrants in exchange for issuance of 6,000,000 shares of our common stock, 
resulting in gross proceeds of $1,920,000.  In March 2013, Montaur exercised 3,000,000 Series X 
warrants in exchange for issuance of 3,000,000 shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds 
of $1,380,000. 

In December 2012, we entered into a Waiver Agreement (the Waiver) pursuant to which Montaur and 
Platinum, as the sole holders of the Series B Preferred Stock, agreed to irrevocably waive the provisions 
set forth in the certificate of designations for the Series B Preferred Stock (the Certificate) which provided 
that all outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock would automatically convert into shares of 
common stock on December 31, 2012.  The Waiver will remain in effect until December 31, 2013, upon 
which date all outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock will automatically convert into common 
stock pursuant to the terms of the Certificate.  In addition, we amended the terms of Montaur’s Series X 
warrant to extend the expiration date from April 16, 2013 to December 31, 2013.  Also in December 2012, 
the Series C Preferred Stock held by the Bupp Investors automatically converted into 3,226,000 shares of 
our common stock under the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock. 

2010 Public Offering 

In November 2010, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with institutional investors for a 
registered direct public offering of 3,157,896 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.90 per share for 
total gross proceeds of $6.0 million.  In addition to the common stock, we issued one-year Series CC 
warrants to purchase 1,578,948 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.11 per share, and 
two-year Series DD warrants to purchase 1,578,948 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of 
$2.11 per share.  As compensation for the services of the placement agent in connection with the 
offering, we paid the placement agent $420,000 (7% of the gross proceeds) and issued five-year Series 
EE warrants to purchase 157,895 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.375 per share.  
The common stock, warrants, and shares of common stock underlying the warrants were issued pursuant 
to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange 
Commission on August 3, 2010. 

During 2011, the holders of Series CC warrants exercised them in exchange for issuance of 1,578,948 
shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $3,331,580.  Also during 2011, the holders of 

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series DD warrants exercised them in exchange for issuance of 1,578,948 shares of our common stock, 
resulting in gross proceeds of $3,331,580. 

Sale of the GDS Business 

In May 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the sale of the GDS Business to Devicor.  Our 
stockholders approved the Asset Sale at our Annual Meeting of Stockholders on August 15, 2011, and 
the Asset Sale closed on August 17, 2011.  Under the terms of the APA with Devicor, we sold the assets 
and assigned certain liabilities that were primarily related to the GDS Business.  In exchange for the 
assets of the GDS Business, Devicor made cash payments to us of $30.3 million, assumed certain 
liabilities of the Company associated with the GDS Business, and agreed to make royalty payments to us 
of up to an aggregate maximum amount of $20 million based on the net revenue attributable to the GDS 
Business over the course of the next six fiscal years starting with 2012.  In December 2011, we entered 
an agreement to transfer potential liability related to extended warranty contracts related to the GDS 
Business, which were outstanding as of the date of the sale of the GDS Business but which were not 
included in the August 2011 transaction.  In exchange for transferring the liability related to the extended 
warranty contracts to Devicor, we made a cash payment to Devicor of $178,000.  The Asset Sale has 
allowed us to focus our resources and efforts on the continued development of our radiopharmaceutical 
products, and to pursue efforts to expand our drug development portfolio.  However, the sale of the GDS 
Business eliminated cash flows from the sale of medical devices.  In addition, we did not record any 
royalty revenue in 2012 as Devicor did not achieve the minimum sales of gamma detection devices 
required to trigger such payment. 

Hercules Debt 

In December 2011, we executed a Loan and Security Agreement (the Loan Agreement) with Hercules 
Technology II, L.P. (Hercules), providing for a maximum borrowing of $10 million by the Company in two 
advances.  Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, we issued Hercules: (1) a Secured Term Promissory Note in 
the principal amount of $7,000,000 (the First Advance), bearing interest at the greater of either (a) the 
U.S. Prime Rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal plus 6.75%, or (b) 10.0% (effective interest rate at 
December 31, 2012 was 10.0%), and (2) a Series GG warrant to purchase 333,333 shares of our 
common stock at an exercise price of $2.10 per share, expiring in December 2016 (the Series GG 
Warrant).  Additionally, the Loan Agreement provided Navidea with the option to draw a second advance 
in the principal amount of $3,000,000 if certain conditions were met by June 30, 2012.  Such conditions 
were not met and Hercules no longer has an obligation to provide the additional $3,000,000.  The Loan 
Agreement provided for an interest-only period beginning on December 29, 2011 and expiring on July 1, 
2012.  The principal and interest is to be repaid in 30 equal monthly installments, payable on the first of 
each month following the expiration of the interest-only period.  As such, a portion of the principal, net of 
related discounts, has been classified as a current liability as of December 31, 2012.  The outstanding 
balance of the debt is due December 1, 2014.  Navidea has the option to pay up to $1.5 million of the 
principal amount of the debt in stock at a fixed conversion price of $2.77, subject to certain conditions.  In 
addition, Hercules has the option to elect payment for up to another $1.5 million of the principal amount of 
the debt by conversion at a fixed conversion price of $2.77.  The debt is collateralized by a security 
interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets except for intellectual property, as to which the 
security interest is in rights to income or proceeds from the sale or licensing thereof.  The Loan 
Agreement also specifies certain covenants including the requirement that Navidea provide certain 
information, such as financial statements and budgets, on a periodic basis.  During 2012, we paid $1.3 
million of principal payments on the Hercules debt.  As of December 31, 2012, the remaining outstanding 
principal balance of the debt was approximately $5.7 million. 

Montaur Credit Facility 

In July 2012, we entered into an agreement with Montaur to provide us with a credit facility of up to $50 
million.  With the recent approval of Lymphoseek, Montaur is currently committed under the terms of the 
agreement to extend up to $35 million in debt financing to the Company at an interest rate equal to the 
greater of (a) the U.S. Prime Rate as reported in the Wall Street Journal plus 6.75%; (b) 10.0%; or (c) the 

54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
highest rate of interest then payable pursuant to the Hercules Loan Agreement plus 0.125% (effective 
interest rate at December 31, 2012 was 10.125%).  Through March 15, 2013, we have drawn a total of $4 
million under the facility.  The agreement also provides for Montaur to extend an additional $15 million on 
terms to be negotiated.  Principal amounts are due the earlier of two years from the date of draw or June 
30, 2016.  No conversion features or warrants are associated with the facility.  During 2012, we drew a 
total of $4.0 million under the credit facility and recorded interest expense of $15,000.  As of December 
31, 2012, the total principal amount due under the credit facility was $4.0 million. 

2013 Public Offering 

We filed a shelf registration statement in 2011 to provide us with future funding alternatives and flexibility 
as we execute on our plans to achieve our product development and commercialization goals, as well as 
evaluating and acting on opportunities to expand our product pipeline.  On January 29, 2013, Navidea 
entered into an underwriting agreement (the Underwriting Agreement) with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. 
Inc. (the Underwriter), related to a public offering of 1,542,389 shares of the Company’s common stock at 
a price of $3.10 per share less underwriting discounts and commissions (the Offering).  The Offering 
closed on February 4, 2013, following the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.  The net proceeds 
to the Company were approximately $4.4 million after deducting expenses associated with the Offering.  
The Company will use the net proceeds from the offering to fund the clinical development and launch of 
Lymphoseek, NAV4694, NAV5001, and RIGScan, to fund other potential product pipeline opportunities, 
and for general corporate purposes.  The Offering was made pursuant to the Company’s existing effective 
shelf registration statement on Form S-3. 

Outlook 

Lymphoseek was approved and indicated for use in lymphatic mapping for breast cancer and melanoma 
by the FDA on March 13, 2013.  Our most significant near-term priority is to continue our pre-
commercialization activities related to Lymphoseek with a commercial launch anticipated in the second 
quarter of 2013.  During 2013, we expect to incur additional development expenses related to supporting 
the MAA review of Lymphoseek in the EU, our NEO3-06 clinical trial and studies to support Lymphoseek 
in a potential post-commercialization setting, and support the other product activities related to the 
potential marketing registration of Lymphoseek in other markets.  In addition, we expect marketing 
expenses related to Lymphoseek to increase in preparation for the commercial launch.  We also continue 
to assess timelines and development costs for development of NAV4694, NAV5001 and RIGScan, but 
expect our development costs to increase overall as we continue to grow our precision diagnostics 
businesses.  We are also actively evaluating a number of different product licensing and/or acquisition 
opportunities.  Costs related to in-licensing, acquiring and developing other late-stage 
radiopharmaceutical candidates that we are evaluating, coupled with development costs related to our 
existing product candidates, may result in the use of a material portion of our available funds.   

Our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to 
complete the development and commercialization of new products, our ability to achieve market 
acceptance of our products, our ability to monetize our investment in non-core technologies, our ability to 
obtain milestone or development funds from potential development and distribution partners, regulatory 
actions by the FDA and international regulatory bodies, the ability to procure additional pipeline 
development opportunities and required financial resources, and intellectual property protection. 

We have developed a plan which will allow the Company to have adequate funding, and we believe that 
our credit facility with Montaur, anticipated revenue deriving from U.S. sales of Lymphoseek following a 
second quarter 2013 commercial launch, and our access to capital markets through our shelf registration 
provide us with access to adequate financial resources to continue to fund our business plan.  However, 
we cannot assure you that Lymphoseek will generate our expected levels of sales and cash flow. 

We will continue to evaluate our timelines and strategic needs, and although we have not decided 
whether, when or how much additional capital might be raised under the shelf registration statement or 
the credit facility, we will continue our efforts to maintain a strong balance sheet.  Even if we decide to 

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
attempt to raise additional capital, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in doing so on terms 
acceptable to the Company, or at all.  We also cannot assure you that we will be able to gain access 
and/or be able to execute on securing new development opportunities, successfully obtain regulatory 
approval for and commercialize new products, achieve significant product revenues from our products, or 
achieve or sustain profitability in the future.  See Risk Factors. 

Recent Accounting Developments 

In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards 
Board (IASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 
820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. 
GAAP and IFRSs (ASU 2011-04).  ASU 2011-04 created a uniform framework for applying fair value 
measurement principles for companies around the world and clarified existing guidance in US 
GAAP.  ASU 2011-04 was effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 
15, 2011 and was applied prospectively.   ASU 2011-04 did not have a material effect on our consolidated 
financial statements. 

Critical Accounting Policies 

We base our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, as 
well as disclosures included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, upon our consolidated 
financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting 
principles. We describe our significant accounting policies in the notes to the audited consolidated 
financial statements contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  We include within these 
policies our “critical accounting policies.”  Critical accounting policies are those policies that are most 
important to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and require management’s most 
subjective and complex judgment due to the need to make estimates about matters that are inherently 
uncertain.  Changes in estimates and assumptions based upon actual results may have a material impact 
on our results of operations and/or financial condition. 

Revenue Recognition.  We currently generate revenue primarily from grants to support various product 
development initiatives.  We generally recognize grant revenue when expenses reimbursable under the 
grants have been incurred and payments under the grants become contractually due.  We also recognize 
revenue from the reimbursement by our partners of certain expenditures for which the Company has 
principal responsibility. 

Research and Development.  Research and development (R&D) expenses include both internal R&D 
activities and external contracted services.  Internal R&D activity expenses include salaries, benefits, and 
stock-based compensation, as well as travel, supplies, and other costs to support our R&D staff.  External 
contracted services include clinical trial activities, CMC-related activities, and regulatory costs.  R&D 
expenses are charged to operations as incurred.  We review and accrue R&D expenses based on 
services performed and rely upon estimates of those costs applicable to the stage of completion of each 
project. 

Use of Estimates.  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets 
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses 
during the reporting period.  We base these estimates and assumptions upon historical experience and 
existing, known circumstances.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Specifically, 
management may make significant estimates in the following areas: 

(cid:120)  Stock-Based Compensation.  Stock-based payments to employees and directors, including 

grants of stock options and restricted stock, are recognized in the statements of operations based 
on their estimated fair values on the date of grant.  The fair value of each option award is 
estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value share-based 

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
payments and the portion that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as compensation 
expense over either (1) the requisite service period or (2) the estimated performance period.  The 
determination of fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model is affected by our stock 
price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including 
expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends and projected employee 
stock option behaviors.  We estimate the expected term based on the contractual term of the 
awards and employees' exercise and expected post-vesting termination behavior.  The restricted 
stock awards are valued based on the closing stock price on the date of grant and amortized 
ratably over the estimated life of the award. 

Since stock-based compensation is recognized only for those awards that are ultimately expected 
to vest, we have applied an estimated forfeiture rate to unvested awards for the purpose of 
calculating compensation cost.  These estimates will be revised, if necessary, in future periods if 
actual forfeitures differ from estimates.  Changes in forfeiture estimates impact compensation 
cost in the period in which the change in estimate occurs. 

(cid:120) 

Inventory Valuation.  We value our inventory at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or 
market.  Our valuation reflects our estimates of excess and obsolete inventory as well as 
inventory with a carrying value in excess of its net realizable value.  Write-offs are recorded when 
product is removed from saleable inventory.  We review inventory on hand at least quarterly and 
record provisions for excess and obsolete inventory based on several factors, including current 
assessment of future product demand, anticipated release of new products into the market and 
product expiration.  Our industry is characterized by rapid product development and frequent new 
product introductions.  Uncertain timing of product approvals, variability in product launch 
strategies, regulations regarding use and shelf life, product recalls and variation in product 
utilization all impact the estimates related to excess and obsolete inventory. 

(cid:120)  Fair Value of Derivative Instruments.  Derivative instruments embedded in contracts, to the extent 
not already a free-standing contract, are bifurcated and accounted for separately.  All derivatives 
are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value in accordance with current 
accounting guidelines for such complex financial instruments.  Unrealized gains and losses on 
the derivatives are classified in other expenses as a change in derivative liabilities in the 
statements of operations.  We do not use derivative instruments for hedging of market risks or for 
trading or speculative purposes. 

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments 

The following table presents our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 
31, 2012. 

Contractual Cash 
Obligations 
Capital lease obligation 
Operating leases 
Unconditional purchase 
   obligations (a) 
Principal and interest 
   on short-term debt 
Principal and interest 
   on long-term debt 
Total contractual 
   cash obligations 

Payments Due By Period 

Total 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

  $       17,399   $         8,789   $         3,039   $         3,039   $        2,532 
-- 

215,173  

196,068  

19,105  

--

2017 and 
After 

  $              --
--

119,375  

119,375  

243,600  

243,600  

--

--

11,425,075  

3,586,783  

7,838,292  

--

--

--

-- 

-- 

-- 

--

--

--

$12,020,622   $  4,154,615   $  7,860,436   $         3,039

$        2,532 

  $              --

(a)  This amount represents purchases under binding purchase orders for which we are required to take delivery of the product 

* 

under the terms of the underlying supply agreement going out approximately 12 months. 
This table does not include obligations such as license agreements, contracted services, or employment agreements as such 
obligations are dependent upon performance conditions. 

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 

Interest Rate Risk.  As of December 31, 2012, our $9.1 million in cash was primarily invested in interest-
bearing money market accounts.  Due to the low interest rates being realized on these accounts, we 
believe that a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in market interest rates would not have a material 
impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 

We also have exposure to changes in interest rates on our variable-rate debt obligations.  As of 
December 31, 2012, the interest rate on the majority of our debt obligations was based on the U.S. prime 
rate.  Based on the amount of our variable rate borrowings at December 31, 2012, which totaled 
approximately $9.7 million, an immediate one percentage point increase in the U.S. prime rate would 
increase our annual interest expense by approximately $100,000.  This estimate assumes that the 
amount of variable rate borrowings remains constant for an annual period and that the interest rate 
change occurs at the beginning of the period.  Because our debt obligations are currently subject to the 
minimum interest rates defined in the loan agreements, a decrease in the U.S. prime rate would not affect 
our annual interest expense. 

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk.  We do not currently have material foreign currency exposure 
related to our assets as the majority are denominated in U.S. currency and our foreign-currency based 
transaction exchange risk is not material.  For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we 
recorded approximately $15,000, $3,000 and $3,000 of foreign currency transaction losses, respectively. 

Equity Price Risk.  We do not use derivative instruments for hedging of market risks or for trading or 
speculative purposes.  Derivative instruments embedded in contracts, to the extent not already a free-
standing contract, are bifurcated and accounted for separately.  All derivatives are recorded on the 
consolidated balance sheet at fair value in accordance with current accounting guidelines for such 
complex financial instruments.  The fair value of warrant liabilities is determined using various inputs and 
assumptions, one of which is the market price of Company stock.  As of December 31, 2012, we did not 
have any derivative liabilities recorded on our balance sheet.  As such, we do not believe we are exposed 
to any equity price risk related to derivative instruments. 

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 

Our consolidated financial statements, and the related notes, together with the report of BDO USA, LLP 
dated March 18, 2013 are set forth at pages F-1 through F-26 attached hereto. 

Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 

None. 

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be 
disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported 
within the specified time periods.  As a part of these controls, our management is responsible for 
establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in 
Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. 

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer 
and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure 
controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 
2012.  Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed 
to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the 
Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive 
and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  
Based on our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as 
of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are adequately 
designed and are effective. 

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, understands that our 
disclosure controls and procedures do not guarantee that all errors and all improper conduct will be 
prevented.  A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, 
not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.  Further, a design of a control 
system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefit of controls must be 
considered relative to their costs.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation 
of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of improper conduct, if 
any, have been detected.  These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments and decision-
making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake.  Additionally, 
controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more 
persons, or by management override of the control.  Further, the design of any system of controls is also 
based in part upon assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that 
any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.  Over time, 
controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the 
policies or procedures may deteriorate.  Because of the inherent limitations of a cost-effective control 
system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected. 

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial 
reporting.  Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to management 
and the Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial 
statements.  All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations.  
Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with 
respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. 

Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and 
procedures that: 

(cid:120)  pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the 

transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; 

(cid:120)  provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation 
of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that 
receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorization 
of management and directors of the company; and 

(cid:120)  provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized 

acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the 
financial statements. 

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2012.  In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated 
Framework.  Based on our assessment we concluded that, as of December 31, 2012, our internal control 
over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.  BDO USA, LLP, our independent registered 
public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report covering our internal control over financial 
reporting, which begins on page 61. 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting  

During the year ended December 31, 2012, there were no changes in our internal control over financial 
reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over 
financial reporting. 

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Board of Directors 
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 
Dublin, Ohio 

We have audited Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by 
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria).  Navidea 
Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over 
financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, 
included in the accompanying “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” 
included in Item 9A.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over 
financial reporting based on our audit. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight 
Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material 
respects.  Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, 
assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating 
effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our audit also included performing such 
other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a 
reasonable basis for our opinion. 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for 
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal 
control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance 
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the 
assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to 
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, 
and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with 
authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance 
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect 
misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the 
risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of 
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

In our opinion, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal 
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight 
Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. as of 
December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ 
equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 and 
our report dated March 18, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial 
statements. 

/s/ BDO USA, LLP 

Chicago, Illinois 
March 18, 2013 

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9B.  Other Information. 

None. 

62

 
 
 
PART III 

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 

Directors 

Set forth below are the names and committee assignments of the persons who constitute our Board of 
Directors. 

Name 

Age  Committee(s) 

Peter F. Drake, Ph.D. 

59 

Audit; Compensation, Nominating and Governance (Chairman) 

Brendan A. Ford 

54 

Audit (Chairman); Compensation, Nominating and Governance 

Jess Emery Jones, M.D. 

34 

Audit; Compensation, Nominating and Governance 

Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. 

Eric K. Rowinsky, M.D. 

49 

56 

-- 

-- 

Gordon A. Troup 

59 

Audit 

Director Qualifications 

The Board of Directors believes that individuals who serve on the Board should have demonstrated 
notable or significant achievements in their respective field; should possess the requisite intelligence, 
education and experience to make a significant contribution to the Board and bring a range of skills, 
diverse perspectives and backgrounds to its deliberations; and should have the highest ethical standards, 
a strong sense of professionalism and intense dedication to serving the interests of our stockholders.  
The following are qualifications, experience and skills for Board members which are important to our 
business and its future: 

(cid:120)  General Management. Directors who have served in senior leadership positions are important to 
us as they bring experience and perspective in analyzing, shaping, and overseeing the execution 
of important operational and policy issues at a senior level.  These directors’ insights and 
guidance, and their ability to assess and respond to situations encountered in serving on our 
Board of Directors, are enhanced by their leadership experience developed at businesses or 
organizations that operated on a global scale, faced significant competition, or involved other 
evolving business models. 
Industry Knowledge. Because we are a pharmaceutical development company, education or 
experience in our industry, including medicine, pharmaceutical development, marketing, 
distribution, or the regulatory environment, is important because such experience assists our 
Directors in understanding and advising our Company. 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120)  Business Development/Strategic Planning. Directors who have a background in strategic 

planning, business development, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions, and teamwork 
and process improvement provide insight into developing and implementing strategies for 
growing our business. 

(cid:120)  Finance/Accounting/Control. Knowledge of capital markets, capital structure, financial control, 
audit, reporting, financial planning, and forecasting are important qualities of our directors 
because such qualities assist in understanding, advising, and overseeing our Company’s capital 
structure, financing and investing activities, financial reporting, and internal control of such 
activities. 

(cid:120)  Board Experience/Governance. Directors who have served on other public company boards can 
offer advice and insights with regard to the dynamics and operation of a board of directors, the 
relations of a board to the chief executive officer and other management personnel, the 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
importance of particular agenda and oversight matters, and oversight of a changing mix of 
strategic, operational, and compliance-related matters. 

Biographical Information 

Set forth below is current biographical information about our directors, including the qualifications, 
experience and skills that make them suitable for service as a director.  Each listed director’s respective 
experience and qualifications described below led the Compensation, Nominating and Governance 
Committee (CNG Committee) of our Board of Directors to conclude that such director is qualified to serve 
as a member of our Board of Directors. 

Directors whose terms continue until the 2013 Annual Meeting: 

Brendan A. Ford has served as a director of Navidea since July 2010.  Since 2007, Mr. Ford has been a 
partner in Talisman Capital Partners, a private investment partnership focusing on middle-market 
companies.  From 1991 through 2007, Mr. Ford served in various executive positions including Executive 
Vice President, Business Development and Corporate Strategy with Cardinal Health, Inc., primarily in 
capacities related to mergers, acquisitions and related strategic activities, and was involved in over $19 
billion in acquisition and disposition transactions for Cardinal.  Prior to his service with Cardinal Health, 
Mr. Ford practiced law with Baker and Hostetler from 1986 to 1991.  From 1980 to 1983, Mr. Ford was 
employed by Touche Ross LLP as a certified public accountant.  Mr. Ford has a B.S. in Business from 
Miami University, and a J.D. from The Ohio State University.  Mr. Ford serves as a director and board 
committee member for several privately held companies. 

Eric K. Rowinsky, M.D. has served as a director of Navidea since July 2010.  In 2012, Dr. Rowinsky 
began serving as the Head of Research and Development, Chief Medical Officer, and Executive Vice 
President of Stemline Therapeutics, Inc., a discovery- and development-stage biotechnology company.  
In 2010, Dr. Rowinsky also co-founded Primrose Therapeutics, a start-up biotechnology company which 
was acquired in September 2011, and was a consultant in the area of new cancer drug development.  
From 2005 to December 2009, he served as the Chief Medical Officer and Executive Vice President of 
Clinical Development, Medical Affairs and Regulatory Affairs of ImClone Systems Incorporated, a life 
sciences company, and was a principal consultant to the Lilly-ImClone Oncology Business Unit in 2010.  
Prior to that, Dr. Rowinsky held several positions at the Cancer Therapy & Research Center’s Institute of 
Drug Development, including Director of the Institute, Director of Clinical Research and SBC Endowed 
Chair for Early Drug Development, and concurrently  served as Clinical Professor of Medicine in the 
Division of Medical Oncology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.  Dr. 
Rowinsky was an Associate Professor of Oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 
and on active staff at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine from 1987 to 1996.  Dr. Rowinsky is a 
member of the boards of directors of Biogen Idec, Inc. and of Coronado Biosciences, Inc., publicly-held 
life sciences companies.  Dr. Rowinsky serves on the Science and Research and Compensation 
Committees at Biogen Idec.  During the past five years, Dr. Rowinsky has also served as a director of 
Tapestry Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and ADVENTRX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., publicly-held life sciences 
companies.  Dr. Rowinsky has extensive research and drug development experience, oncology expertise 
and broad scientific and medical knowledge. 

Directors whose terms continue until the 2014 Annual Meeting: 

Jess Emery Jones, M.D. has served as a director of Navidea since April 2011.  He is currently the Chief 
Executive Officer of AngioLight, Inc. (formerly CorNova, Inc.).  In addition to AngioLight, Dr. Jones is the 
Chief Executive Officer of NewCardio, Inc.  Dr. Jones is also on the boards of directors of AngioLight, 
NewCardio, and NovaRay Inc.  From October 2006 to January 2011, Dr. Jones worked with Vision 
Capital Advisors, LLC in New York City as the Director of Healthcare Investing, analyzing investment 
opportunities in the biotech, pharmaceutical, medical technology, and medical services fields, and 
assisted companies in the implementation of their business plans.  From 2001 to 2007, Dr. Jones 
attended Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons in New York City, where he received his medical 
degree in May 2007.  In 2005, while attending Columbia Medical School in New York City, Dr. Jones was 

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
awarded an American Heart Association - Medical Student Research Fellowship to study post-stroke 
inflammatory mediators in the Department of Neurosurgery.  Additionally, Dr. Jones earned a B.A. degree 
from the University of Utah in 2001 and an M.B.A. from Columbia Business School in May 2007. 

Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D, Ph.D. has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Navidea since April 
2011 and as a director of Navidea since August 2011.  He has more than 16 years of pharmaceutical 
industry executive and operational management, strategic planning, and cross-functional drug 
development program oversight.  He has led multiple companies focusing on research through 
commercialization in numerous indication areas and has particular expertise in guiding the development 
of biopharmaceutical product candidates.  His leadership and industry knowledge have led to numerous 
international speaking and panel presentations at investment, industry, scientific and medical 
conferences.  Prior to joining Navidea as Executive Vice President and Chief Development Officer in 
November 2010, Dr. Pykett served as Founding CEO of Talaris Advisors LLC, a strategic drug-
development company serving the biotech industry.  Dr. Pykett was President and Chief Operating Officer 
of Alseres Pharmaceuticals, a clinical stage biotech firm that focused on the development of 
radiopharmaceutical imaging agents for diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders, as well as 
therapeutics for central nervous system indications.  Dr. Pykett also held senior executive roles at several 
public and private biotechnology companies which have focused on therapeutics, diagnostics and 
medical devices.  Dr. Pykett has also served as a Director of several public, private and not-for-profit 
organizations.  Dr. Pykett graduated Phi Beta Kappa, Summa Cum Laude from Amherst College, holds a 
veterinary degree, Phi Zeta, Summa Cum Laude and a doctorate in molecular biology from the University 
of Pennsylvania, and received an M.B.A., Beta Gamma Sigma, from Northeastern University.  He 
completed post-doctoral fellowships at the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard University.  Dr. Pykett 
held an adjunct faculty position at the Harvard School of Public Health from 1997 to 2004 and served on 
Northeastern University's Center for Enterprise Growth Corporate Advisory Board. 

Directors whose terms continue until the 2015 Annual Meeting: 

Peter F. Drake, Ph.D. has served as a director of Navidea since April 2011.  Dr. Drake began his career 
as a biotechnology analyst at Kidder, Peabody and Co. where he was a partner and head of the 
Healthcare Research Group.  In 1988, Dr. Drake co-founded Vector Securities International, an 
investment banking firm specializing in the life sciences industry, where he was Executive Vice President 
and Director of Research.  In 1993, Dr. Drake co-founded Vector Fund Management, a life sciences 
venture fund, and Deerfield Management, a healthcare hedge fund.  In 1999, Vector Securities 
International was purchased by Prudential Securities, where he was a Managing Director and Head of 
Healthcare Research.  Dr. Drake is a board member of Trustmark Insurance, a mutual insurance 
company; Enzymedica, Inc., a private nutraceutical company; and Sequoia Sciences, Inc., a private 
biotechnology company.  Dr. Drake received his undergraduate degree from Bowdoin College, and his 
Ph.D. in neurobiology and biochemistry from Bryn Mawr College. 

Gordon A. Troup has served as a director of Navidea since July 2008.  Mr. Troup served as President of 
the Nuclear Pharmacy Services business at Cardinal Health, Inc. (Cardinal Health), a multinational 
medical products and services company, from January 2003 until his retirement in December 2007.  Mr. 
Troup joined Cardinal Health in 1990 and was appointed Group President of Pharmaceutical Distribution 
and Specialty Distribution Services in 1999.  Prior to joining Cardinal Health, Mr. Troup was employed for 
10 years by American Hospital Supply Corporation and for 3 years by Zellerbach Paper, a Mead 
Company.  Mr. Troup is currently a partner and Chairman of the Board of Scioto Properties, LLC, a 
provider of group homes to the developmentally disabled nationwide and Chairman of the Advisory Board 
of Guild Associates, Inc., a chemical engineering and research and development company serving the 
energy and military community.  Mr. Troup has a B.S. degree in Business Management from San Diego 
State University. 

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Officers 

In addition to Dr. Pykett, the following individuals are executive officers of Navidea and serve in the 
position(s) indicated below: 

Name 

Age 

Position 

Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D. 

Brent L. Larson 

66 

49 

Senior Vice President, Pharmaceutical Research 
   and Clinical Development 

Senior Vice President; Chief Financial Officer; 
   Treasurer and Secretary 

William J. Regan 

61 

Senior Vice President, Global Regulatory Strategy 

Cornelia B. Reininger, M.D., Ph.D. 

60 

Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer 

Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. 

60 

Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer 

Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D., F.A.C.N., C.N.S., has served as Senior Vice President, Pharmaceutical 
Research and Clinical Development of Navidea since July 2010 and as Vice President, Pharmaceutical 
Research and Clinical Development from February 2009 to July 2010.  Prior to accepting his position with 
Navidea, Dr. Cope served as the Assistant Director for Research and Head of Program Research 
Development for The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital 
and The Richard J. Solove Research Institute, from April 2001 to February 2009.  Dr. Cope also served 
as head of the Cancer and AIDS product development and commercialization program for the 
ROSS/Abbott Laboratories division for 10 years, and head of human and veterinary vaccine production 
and improvement group for Wyeth Laboratories for seven years.  Dr. Cope served a fellowship in 
oncology at the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research at the University of Wisconsin and was the 
honored scientist in residence at the National Cancer Center Research Institute in Tokyo; he is the 
recipient of the Ernst W. Volwiler Research Award.  Dr. Cope is also active in a number of professional 
and scientific organizations such as serving as an editorial reviewer for several professional journals, and 
as an advisor/director to the research program of Roswell Park Memorial Cancer Center.  Dr. Cope 
received his B.Sc. from the Delaware Valley College of Science and Agriculture, his M.S. from Millersville 
University of Pennsylvania and his Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut with full honors. 

Brent L. Larson has served as Senior Vice President of Navidea since July 2010, as Chief Financial 
Officer and Treasurer since February 1999 and as Secretary since 2003.  Prior to that, Mr. Larson served 
as our Vice President, Finance from July 1998 to July 2010 and as Controller from July 1996 to June 
1998.  Before joining Navidea, Mr. Larson was employed by Price Waterhouse LLP.  Mr. Larson has a 
B.B.A. degree in accounting from Iowa State University of Science and Technology and is a Certified 
Public Accountant. 

William J. Regan has served as Senior Vice President, Global Regulatory Strategy of Navidea since 
October 2012.  Prior to accepting his position with Navidea, Mr. Regan served as a consultant to Navidea 
from July 2011 to September 2012.  As Principal of Regan Advisory Services (RAS) from September 
2006 to September 2012, Mr. Regan consulted on all aspects of regulatory affairs within pharmaceutical, 
biotechnology and diagnostic imaging businesses, including PET diagnostic agents (cardiovascular, 
neurology, and oncology), contrast agents, and radiopharmaceuticals.  Previous to RAS, Mr. Regan held 
roles of increasing responsibility in radiopharmaceutical manufacturing, quality assurance, 
pharmaceutical technology and regulatory affairs at Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS).  From September 2001 
to August 2006, he served as global regulatory head for BMS’ Medical Imaging business where he was 
responsible for all regulatory aspects of the company’s in-market and pipeline products and led regulatory 
actions resulting in product approvals.  Mr. Regan has been an active member in the Society of Nuclear 
Medicine, Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals (CORAR), and Medical Imaging and 

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technology Alliance, and formerly served as the industry chair of the Regulatory and Clinical Practice 
committee on behalf of CORAR.  Mr. Regan holds a B.A. in Chemistry from Rutgers University. 

Cornelia B. Reininger, M.D., Ph.D., has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of 
Navidea since November 2012.  Prior to accepting her position with Navidea, Dr. Reininger served as the 
Senior Director of Clinical Research and Global Clinical Leader of Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals’ 
beta-amyloid PET development programs from November 2007 to October 2012.  Dr. Reininger also 
served in roles of increasing responsibility with the global medical organizations of GE Healthcare and 
Amersham Health – Diagnostic Imaging from April 2001 to October 2007.  Dr. Reininger holds an 
Associate Professor of Surgery and External Lecturer position at Ludwig Maximillian University (LMU) in 
Munich, Germany, where she completed her medical education and residency in general and vascular 
surgery.  During her residency, she was on staff at the LMU Downtown Surgical Hospital and Outpatient 
Clinic, rotating as Chief Resident in vascular surgery and the intensive care unit.  She later became the 
head of the hospital’s thrombosis research laboratory.  Dr. Reininger is a member of the Society of 
Nuclear Medicine and the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. 

Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D., has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer of Navidea 
since June 2011.  Dr. Tulip has held senior leadership positions at Alseres Pharmaceuticals, Lantheus 
Medical Imaging, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) and DuPont, where his roles spanned product discovery 
and development, business and technology planning, brand and alliance management and international 
business management.  Most recently, as President, Alseres Molecular Imaging, Dr. Tulip led efforts to 
develop markets for a Phase III neuroimaging agent.  While at DuPont and BMS prior to Alseres, he was 
instrumental in the development, commercialization and international management of the highly 
successful nuclear cardiology franchise, successfully built the BMS Medical Imaging international 
business, and led planning activities for innovative PET tracers at Lantheus/BMS.  Dr. Tulip earned a B.S. 
from University of Vermont, and an M.S. and Ph.D. from Northwestern University.  He was a visiting 
scholar at Osaka University and served as adjunct professor at Northeastern University.  Dr. Tulip serves 
on the board of directors of the Medical Imaging Technology Association (MITA) and leads its PET 
Working Group in the Molecular Imaging Section.  He was recently Chairperson of the Institute for 
Molecular Technologies (IMT) and held numerous leadership positions there.  He served on the Board of 
the Academy of Molecular Imaging, including as its Treasurer.  Dr. Tulip was Chairperson for the Society 
of Nuclear Medicine (SNM) Corporate Advisory Board and has been active in a number of Council on 
Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals (CORAR) committees, now serving on its Board of Directors. 

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance 

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires our officers and directors, and greater than 
10% stockholders, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership of our securities with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission.  Copies of the reports are required by SEC regulation to be 
furnished to us.  Based on our review of these reports and written representations from reporting persons, 
we believe that all reporting persons complied with all filing requirements during the fiscal year ended 
December 31, 2012, except for: (i) Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D., who had one late Form 4 filing related 
to Company stock that he purchased on the open market in September 2012, and (ii) Gordon A. Troup, 
who had one late Form 4 filing related to Company stock that he purchased on the open market in August 
2012. 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics 

We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and all 
employees.  The code of business conduct and ethics is posted on our website at www.neoprobe.com.  
The code of business conduct and ethics may be also obtained free of charge by writing to Navidea 
Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Attn: Chief Financial Officer, 425 Metro Place North, Suite 450, Dublin, Ohio 
43017. 

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance 

Our Board of Directors is responsible for establishing broad corporate policies and reviewing our overall 
performance rather than day-to-day operations.  The primary responsibility of our Board is to oversee the 
management of Navidea and, in doing so, serve the best interests of the Company and our stockholders. 
Our Board selects, evaluates and provides for the succession of executive officers and, subject to 
stockholder election, directors.  It reviews and approves corporate objectives and strategies, and 
evaluates significant policies and proposed major commitments of corporate resources.  Our Board also 
participates in decisions that have a potential major economic impact on the Company.  Management 
keeps our directors informed of Company activity through regular communication, including written 
reports and presentations at Board and committee meetings. 

Board of Directors Meetings 

Our Board of Directors held a total of 16 meetings in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, and each 
of the directors attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board of 
Directors and committees (if any) on which he served.  It is our policy that all directors attend the Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders.  However, conflicts and unforeseen events may prevent the attendance of a 
director, or directors.  All members of our Board of Directors attended the 2012 Annual Meeting of 
Stockholders in person, except for Jess Jones, M.D., who participated telephonically due to travel delays. 

The Board of Directors maintains the following committees to assist it in its oversight responsibilities.  The 
current membership of each committee is indicated in the list of directors set forth under “Board of 
Directors” above. 

Audit Committee  

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors selects our independent registered public accounting firm 
with whom the Audit Committee reviews the scope of audit and non-audit assignments and related fees, 
the accounting principles that we use in financial reporting, and the adequacy of our internal control 
procedures.  The members of our Audit Committee are: Brendan A. Ford (Chairman), Peter F. Drake, 
Ph.D., Jess Emery Jones, M.D., and Gordon A. Troup, each of whom is “independent” under Section 
803A of the NYSE MKT Company Guide.  The Board of Directors has determined that Brendan A. Ford 
meets the requirements of an “audit committee financial expert” as set forth in Section 407(d)(5) of 
Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC.  The Audit Committee held five meetings in the fiscal year 
ended December 31, 2012.  The Board of Directors adopted a written Amended and Restated Audit 
Committee Charter on April 30, 2004.  A copy of the Amended and Restated Audit Committee Charter is 
posted on the Company’s website at www.navidea.com. 

Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee 

The Compensation, Nominating and Governance (CNG) Committee of the Board of Directors discharges 
the Board’s responsibilities relating to the compensation of the Company's directors, executive officers 
and associates, identifies and recommends to the Board of Directors nominees for election to the Board, 
and assists the Board in the implementation of sound corporate governance principles and practices.   
With respect to its compensation functions, the CNG Committee evaluates and approves executive officer 
compensation and reviews and makes recommendations to the Board with respect to director 
compensation, including incentive or equity-based compensation plans; reviews and evaluates any 
discussion and analysis of executive officer and director compensation included in the Company’s annual 
report or proxy statement, and prepares and approves any report on executive officer and director 
compensation for inclusion in the Company’s annual report or proxy statement required by applicable 
rules and regulations; and monitors and evaluates, at the Committee’s discretion, matters relating to the 
compensation and benefits structure of the Company and such other domestic and foreign subsidiaries or 
affiliates, as it deems appropriate.  The members of our CNG Committee are: Peter F. Drake, Ph.D. 
(Chairman), Brendan A. Ford, and Jess Emery Jones, M.D.  The CNG Committee held one meeting in the 
fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 to complement compensation-related discussions held by the full 

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Board.  The Board of Directors adopted a written Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee 
Charter on February 26, 2009.  A copy of the Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee 
Charter is posted on the Company’s website at www.navidea.com. 

Board of Directors Leadership Structure 

Our Board of Directors has determined that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders 
that the roles of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer be held by different individuals within 
our organization.  Our Chief Executive Officer is responsible for setting the strategic direction for the 
Company and the day-to-day leadership and performance of the Company, while the Chairman of the 
Board provides strategic guidance and presides over meetings of the full Board of Directors.  The Board 
of Directors believes that this structure helps facilitate the role of the independent directors in the 
oversight of the Company and the active participation of the independent directors in setting agendas and 
establishing priorities and procedures that work for the Board of Directors.  The Chairman of the Board 
also acts as a key liaison between the Board of Directors and management.  Moreover, in addition to 
feedback provided during the course of meetings of the Board of Directors, our independent directors 
have executive sessions led by the Chairman of the Board.  Our Chairman of the Board acts as a liaison 
between the independent directors and the Chief Executive Officer regarding any specific feedback or 
issues following an executive session of independent directors, provides the Chief Executive Officer with 
input regarding agenda items for Board of Director and committee meetings, and coordinates with the 
Chief Executive Officer regarding information to be provided to the independent directors in performing 
their duties. 

Board of Directors Role in Risk Oversight 

Our Chief Executive Officer and senior management are responsible for the day-to-day management of 
the risks we face.  Our Board of Directors, as a whole and through its committees, has responsibility for 
the oversight of risk management, including general oversight of (i) the financial exposure of the 
Company, (ii) risk exposure as related to overall company portfolio and impact on earnings, (iii), oversight 
for information technology security and risk, and (iv) all systems, processes, and organizational structures 
and people responsible for finance and risk functions.  Certain risks are overseen by committees of the 
Board of Directors and these committees make reports to the full Board of Directors, including reports on 
noteworthy risk management issues.  Financial risks are overseen by the Audit Committee which meets 
with management to review the Company’s major financial risk exposure and the steps management has 
taken to monitor and control such exposures.  Compensation risks are overseen by the CNG Committee. 

Members of the Company’s senior management report to the full Board of Directors about their areas of 
responsibility, including reports regarding risk within such area of responsibility and the steps 
management has taken to monitor and control such exposures.  Additional review or reporting of risks is 
conducted as needed or as requested by the Board of Directors or committee. 

Item 11.  Executive Compensation 

Compensation Discussion and Analysis 

Overview of Compensation Program.  The CNG Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for 
establishing and implementing our compensation policies applicable to senior executives and monitoring 
our compensation practices.  The CNG Committee seeks to ensure that our compensation plans are fair, 
reasonable and competitive.  The CNG Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving all senior 
executive compensation, all awards under our cash bonus plan, and awards under our equity-based 
compensation plans. 

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Philosophy and Goals of Executive Compensation Plans.  The CNG Committee’s philosophy for 
executive compensation is to: 

(cid:120)  Pay for performance — The CNG Committee believes that our executives should be 

compensated based upon their ability to achieve specific operational and strategic results.  
Therefore, our compensation plans are designed to provide rewards for the individual’s 
contribution to our performance. 

(cid:120)  Pay commensurate with other companies categorized as value creators — The CNG Committee 
has set a goal that the Company should move towards compensation levels for senior executives 
that are, at a minimum, at the 40th to 50th percentile for similar executives in the workforce.  This 
allows us to attract, hire, reward and retain senior executives who continue to formulate and 
execute our strategic plans and drive exceptional results. 

To ensure our programs are competitive, the CNG Committee reviews compensation information of peer 
companies, national data and trends in executive compensation to help determine the appropriateness of 
our plans and compensation levels.  These reviews, and the CNG Committee’s commitment to pay for 
performance, become the basis for the CNG Committee’s decisions on compensation plans and 
individual executive compensation payments. 

The CNG Committee has approved a variety of programs that work together to provide a combination of 
basic compensation and strong incentives.  While it is important for us to provide certain base level 
salaries and benefits to remain competitive, the CNG Committee’s objective is to provide compensation 
plans with incentive opportunities that motivate and reward executives for consistently achieving superior 
results.  The CNG Committee designs our compensation plans to: 

(cid:120)  Reward executives based upon overall company performance, their individual contributions and 

creation of stockholder value; 

(cid:120)  Encourage top performers to make a long-term commitment to our Company; and 
(cid:120)  Align executive incentive plans with the long-term interests of stockholders. 

The CNG Committee reviews competitive information and individual compensation levels before each 
fiscal year.  During the review process, the CNG Committee addresses the following questions: 

(cid:120)  Do any existing compensation plans need to be adjusted to reflect changes in competitive 

practices, different market circumstances or changes to our strategic initiatives? 

(cid:120)  Should any existing compensation plans be eliminated or new plans be added to the executive 

compensation programs? 

(cid:120)  What are the compensation-related objectives for our compensation plans for the upcoming fiscal 

year? 

(cid:120)  Based upon individual performance, what compensation modifications should be made to provide 

incentives for senior executives to perform at superior levels? 

In addressing these questions, the CNG Committee considers input from management, outside 
compensation experts and published surveys of compensation levels and practices. 

The CNG Committee does not believe that our compensation policies and practices for its employees 
give rise to risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. As noted 
below, our incentive-based compensation is generally tied to Company financial performance (i.e., 
revenue or gross margin) or product development goals (i.e., clinical trial progress or regulatory 
milestones).  The CNG Committee believes that the existence of these financial performance incentives 
creates a strong motivation for company employees to contribute towards the achievement of strong, 
sustainable financial and development performance, and believes that the Company has a strong set of 
internal controls that minimize the risk that financial performance can be misstated in order to achieve 
incentive compensation payouts. 

70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In addition to the aforementioned considerations, the CNG Committee also takes into account the 
outcome of stockholder advisory (“say-on-pay”) votes, taken every three years, on the compensation of 
our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and our other three highest-paid executive officers 
(the Named Executive Officers).  At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on August 15, 2011, 
approximately 72% of our stockholders voted in favor of the resolution relating to the compensation of our 
Named Executive Officers.  The CNG Committee believes this affirmed stockholders’ support of the 
Company’s executive compensation program, and as such did not change its approach in 2012.  The 
CNG Committee will continue to consider the results of future say-on-pay votes when making future 
compensation decisions for the executive officers. 

Scope of Authority of the CNG Committee.  The Board of Directors has authorized the CNG Committee to 
establish the compensation programs for all executive officers and to provide oversight for compliance 
with our compensation philosophy.  The CNG Committee delegates the day-to-day administration of the 
compensation plans to management (except with respect to our executive officers), but retains 
responsibility for ensuring that the plan administration is consistent with the Company’s policies.  
Annually, the CNG Committee sets the compensation for our executive officers, including objectives and 
awards under incentive plans.  Dr. Pykett provides input for the CNG Committee regarding the 
performance and appropriate compensation of the other officers.  The CNG Committee gives 
considerable weight to Dr. Pykett’s evaluation of the other officers because of his direct knowledge of 
each officer’s performance and contributions.  The CNG Committee also makes recommendations to the 
Board of Directors on appropriate compensation for the non-employee directors.  In addition to 
overseeing the compensation of executive officers, the CNG Committee approves awards under short-
term cash incentive and long-term equity-based compensation plans for all other employees.  For more 
information on the CNG Committee’s role, see the CNG Committee’s charter, which can be found on our 
website at www.navidea.com. 

Independent Compensation Expertise.  The CNG Committee is authorized to retain independent experts 
to assist in evaluating executive compensation plans and in setting executive compensation levels.  
These experts provide information on trends and best practices so the CNG Committee can formulate 
ongoing plans for executive compensation.  The CNG Committee retained Pearl Meyer & Partners as its 
independent expert to assist in the determination of the reasonableness and competitiveness of the 
executive compensation plans and senior executives’ individual compensation levels for fiscal 2011.  
Pearl Meyer’s study did not raise any concerns regarding conflicts of interest. 

For fiscal 2011, Pearl Meyer performed a benchmark compensation review of our key executive positions, 
including our Named Executive Officers.  Pearl Meyer utilized both proprietary survey and proxy reported 
data from compensation peers, with market data aged to January 1, 2011 by an annualized rate of 3.4%, 
the expected pay increase in 2011 for executives in the life sciences industry. 

In evaluating appropriate executive compensation, it is common practice to set targets at a point within 
the competitive marketplace.  The CNG Committee sets its competitive compensation levels based upon 
its compensation philosophy.  Following completion of the Pearl Meyer study for 2011, the CNG 
Committee noted that our overall executive compensation was, on average, below the 25th percentile for 
an established peer group of companies.  Based upon the Pearl Meyer study, the CNG Committee has 
determined, over the course of the next few years, to move towards a total compensation target for senior 
executive positions at the 40th to 50th percentile of total compensation for the competitive market. 

Peer Group Companies.  In addition to the above survey analysis, in 2012 the CNG Committee also 
reviewed the compensation levels at specific competitive benchmark companies.  With input from 
management, the CNG Committee chose the peer companies because they operate within the 
biotechnology industry, have market capitalization between $100 million and $500 million, have similar 
business models to our Company or have comparable key executive positions.  While the specific plans 
for these companies may or may not be used, it is helpful to review their compensation data to provide 
benchmarks for the overall compensation levels that will be used to attract, hire, retain and motivate our 
executives. 

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As competitors and similarly situated companies that compete for the same executive talent, the CNG 
Committee determined that the following peer group companies most closely matched the responsibilities 
and requirements of our executives: 

Argule Inc. 
Cell Therapeutics Inc. 
Celldex Therapeutics Inc. 
Curis Inc. 
Exact Sciences Corp. 
Immunomedics Inc. 
Infinity Pharmaceuticals Inc. 
Keryx Biopharmaceuticals Inc. 

The CNG Committee used the publicly available compensation information for these companies to 
analyze our competitive position in the industry.  The CNG Committee reviewed the base salaries and 
short-term and long term incentive plans of the executives of these companies to provide background and 
perspective in analyzing the compensation levels for our executives. 

Specific Elements of Executive Compensation. 

Base Salary.  Using information gathered by Pearl Meyer, peer company data, national surveys, general 
compensation trend information and recommendations from management, the CNG Committee approved 
the fiscal 2012 base salaries for our senior executives.  Base salaries for senior executives are set using 
the CNG Committee’s philosophy that compensation should be competitive and based upon 
performance.  Executives should expect that their base salaries, coupled with a cash bonus award, would 
provide them the opportunity to be compensated at or above the competitive market at the 40th to 50th 
percentile. 

Based on competitive reviews of similar positions, industry salary trends, overall company results and 
individual performance, salary increases may be approved from time-to-time.  The CNG Committee 
reviews and approves base salaries of all executive officers. 

In setting specific base salaries for fiscal 2012, the CNG Committee considered published proxy data for 
similar positions at peer group companies. 

The following table shows the increases in base salaries for the Named Executive Officers that were 
approved for fiscal 2012 compared to the approved salaries for fiscal 2011: 

Named Executive Officer 
Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. 
Rodger A. Brown 
Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D. 
Brent L. Larson 
Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. (b) 

Fiscal 2012 
Base Salary 
425,000
191,000
271,000
265,000
325,000

Fiscal 2011 
Base Salary 
375,000 
185,000 
265,000 
250,000 
300,000 

Increase (a) 
13.3%
3.2%
2.3%
6.0%
8.3%

(a)  2012 salary increases reflect both merit increases and market adjustments that the CNG Committee felt were necessary to 

remain competitive in the life sciences industry. 

(b)  Dr. Tulip’s salary was increased to $325,000 effective June 1, 2012.  The amount shown for fiscal 2012 is the approved annual 

salary of Dr. Tulip in effect at the end of 2012.  The actual amount paid to Dr. Tulip during fiscal 2012 is shown under “Salary” 
in the Summary Compensation table below. 

The CNG Committee has approved the following base salaries for fiscal 2013:  Dr. Pykett, $425,000; Mr. 
Brown, $203,000; Dr. Cope, $271,000; Mr. Larson, $265,000; and Dr. Tulip, $325,000. 

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-Term Incentive Compensation.  Our executive officers, along with all of our employees, are eligible 
to participate in our annual cash bonus program, which has four primary objectives: 

(cid:120)  Attract, retain and motivate top-quality executives who can add significant value to the Company; 
(cid:120)  Create an incentive compensation opportunity that is an integral part of the employee’s total 

compensation program; 

(cid:120)  Reward participants’ contributions to the achievement of our business results; and 
(cid:120)  Provide an incentive for individuals to achieve corporate objectives that are tied to our strategic 

goals. 

The cash bonus compensation plan provides each participant with an opportunity to receive an annual 
cash bonus based on our Company’s performance during the fiscal year.  Cash bonus targets for senior 
executives are determined as a percentage of base salary, based on published proxy data for similar 
positions at peer group companies.  The following are the key provisions of the cash bonus compensation 
plan: 

(cid:120)  The plan is administered by the CNG Committee, which has the power and authority to establish, 

adjust, pay or decline to pay the cash bonus for each participant, including the power and 
authority to increase or decrease the cash bonus otherwise payable to a participant.  However, 
the Committee does not have the power to increase, or make adjustments that would have the 
effect of increasing, the cash bonus otherwise payable to any executive officer.  The Committee 
has the right to delegate to the Chief Executive Officer its authority and responsibilities with 
respect to the cash bonuses payable to employees other than executive officers. 

(cid:120)  All Company employees are eligible to participate. 
(cid:120)  The CNG Committee is responsible for specifying the terms and conditions for earning cash 
bonuses, including establishing specific performance objectives.  Cash bonuses payable to 
executive officers are intended to constitute “qualified performance-based compensation” for 
purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.  Consequently, each cash bonus 
awarded to an executive officer must be conditioned on one or more specified “Performance 
Measures,” calculated on a consolidated basis.  Possible Performance Measures include 
revenues; gross margin; operating income; net income; clinical trial progress; regulatory 
milestones; or any other performance objective approved by the CNG Committee. 

(cid:120)  As soon as reasonably practicable after the end of each fiscal year, the CNG Committee 

determines whether and to what extent each specified business performance objective has been 
achieved and the amount of the cash bonus to be paid to each participant.  

In April 2012, the CNG Committee established the fiscal 2012 targets and performance measures for all 
Company employees.  For fiscal 2012, the cash bonus for each executive officer was a function of the 
designated target bonus amount (stated as a percentage of base salary and pro-rated based on time 
served at each salary level during fiscal 2012) and certain business performance objectives, weighted as 
a percentage of the total target amount.  The business performance objectives established for fiscal 2012 
were as follows: 

(cid:120)  Approval of the Company’s Lymphoseek product by the United States Food and Drug 

Administration (FDA) and initiation of the commercial launch of Lymphoseek in the United States, 
subject to maximum 30% reduction of bonus if not achieved.  

(cid:120)  Commencement of a Phase 2 or Phase 3 clinical study for NAV4694, a Fluorine-18 labeled 

precision radiopharmaceutical candidate for use in the imaging and evaluation of patients with 
signs or symptoms of cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer's disease licensed by the 
Company from AstraZeneca AB, subject to maximum 15% reduction of bonus if not achieved.  

(cid:120)  Submission to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) of an application for marketing 

authorization for Lymphoseek in the European Union, subject to maximum 10% reduction of 
bonus if not achieved.  

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(cid:120)  Completion of an in-license or product acquisition transaction for the addition of a candidate to 
the Company’s development pipeline, subject to maximum 10% reduction of bonus if not 
achieved.  

(cid:120)  Discretionary bonus, equal to 35% of the total bonus objective. 

For the Named Executive Officers, the CNG Committee established the following cash bonus targets for 
fiscal 2012: 

Named Executive Officer 
Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. 
Rodger A. Brown 
Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D. 
Brent L. Larson 
Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. (a) 

  Target Cash Bonus 

(% of Salary) 
50.0% 
20.0% 
25.0% 
27.5% 
35.0% 

Target Cash Bonus 
($ Amount) 
$ 212,500 
38,200 
67,750 
72,875 
105,000 

(a)  Effective June 1, 2012, Dr. Tulip entered into a new employment agreement, authorized by the Board of Directors, which 
provides for a maximum cash bonus amount of 35.0% of Dr. Tulip’s new annual salary.  Dr. Tulip’s maximum cash bonus 
amount for 2012 was pro-rated based on time served at each salary level during the 2012 calendar year. 

In February 2013, the CNG Committee determined the extent to which the Company’s goals were 
achieved during 2012.  With respect to the first objective, the Company did not obtain FDA approval for 
Lymphoseek and the product was not commercially launched, therefore the Committee concluded that 
the goal was not achieved, resulting in a 30% reduction in the target bonus amount.  With regard to the 
second objective, the Committee concluded that the commencement of a Phase 2 trial for NAV4694 in 
September 2012 evidenced the successful achievement of that goal.  With regard to the third objective, 
the Committee determined that the submission of a marketing authorization application for Lymphoseek 
to the EMA in December 2012 evidenced the successful achievement of that goal.  With regard to the 
fourth objective, the Committee concluded that the in-licensing of NAV5001 from Alseres 
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in July 2012 constituted the successful achievement of that goal.  With respect to 
the 35% discretionary portion, the Company’s overall performance and accomplishments were evaluated 
in assessing the Company’s overall successes for the year.  After reviewing the business performance 
objectives and the related proposed payouts, the CNG Committee approved the total cash bonus payouts 
for each employee of the Company.  The approved cash bonus payouts to the Named Executive Officers, 
paid in February 2013, are shown under “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” in the Summary 
Compensation table below. 

Also in February 2013, the CNG Committee established the fiscal 2013 targets and performance 
measures for all Company employees.  For fiscal 2013, the cash bonus for each executive officer will be 
a function of the designated target bonus amount (stated as a percentage of base salary to be pro-rated 
based on time served at each salary level during fiscal 2013) and certain business performance 
objectives, weighted as a percentage of the total target amount.  The business performance objectives 
established for fiscal 2013 are as follows: 

(cid:120)  Approval of the Company’s Lymphoseek product by the FDA,  initiation of the commercial launch 
of Lymphoseek in the United States, and achievement of a targeted amount of revenues from 
sales, subject to maximum 35% reduction of bonus if not achieved. 

(cid:120)  Submission of supplemental New Drug Application for Lymphoseek to the FDA, subject to 

maximum 15% reduction of bonus if not achieved. 

(cid:120)  Commencement of a Phase 3 pivotal study for NAV4694, a Fluorine-18 labeled precision 

radiopharmaceutical candidate for use in the imaging and evaluation of patients with signs or 
symptoms of cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer's, subject to maximum 10% reduction of 
bonus if not achieved. 

(cid:120)  Commencement of a Phase 3 pivotal study for NAV5001, an Iodine-123 radiolabeled imaging 
agent being developed as an aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and other movement 

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
disorders, with a potential use as a diagnostic aid in dementia, subject to maximum 10% 
reduction of bonus if not achieved. 

(cid:120)  Discretionary bonus, equal to 30% of the total bonus objective. 

The CNG Committee has approved the following target cash bonus amounts (stated as a percentage of 
base salary to be pro-rated based on time served at each salary level during fiscal 2013) for the Named 
Executive Officers for fiscal 2013:  Dr. Pykett, 50.0%; Dr. Cope, 25.0%; Mr. Larson, 27.5%; Mr. Regan, 
25.0%; Dr. Reininger, 30.0%; and Dr. Tulip, 35.0%. 

Long-Term Incentive Compensation.  All Company employees are eligible to receive equity awards in the 
form of stock options or restricted stock.  Equity instruments awarded under the Company’s equity-based 
compensation plan are based on the following criteria: 

(cid:120)  Analysis of competitive information for comparable positions; 
(cid:120)  Evaluation of the value added to the Company by hiring or retaining specific employees; and 
(cid:120)  Each employee’s long-term potential contributions to our Company. 

Although equity awards may be made at any time as determined by the CNG Committee, they are 
generally made to all employees once per year or on the recipient’s hire date in the case of new-hire 
grants. 

The CNG Committee’s philosophy on equity awards is that equity-based compensation is an effective 
method to align the interests of stockholders and management and focus management’s attention on 
long-term results.  When awarding equity-based compensation the CNG Committee considers the impact 
the participant can have on our overall performance, strategic direction, financial results and stockholder 
value.  Therefore, equity awards are primarily based upon the participant’s position in the organization, 
competitive necessity and individual performance.  Equity awards for senior executives are determined as 
a percentage of base salary, based on published proxy data for similar positions at peer group 
companies.  Stock option awards have vesting schedules over several years to promote long-term 
performance and retention of the recipient, and restricted stock awards may include specific performance 
criteria for vesting or vest over a specified period of time. 

On February 17, 2012, the Company granted 300,000 shares of restricted stock to Mark J. Pykett.  Dr. 
Pykett’s restricted stock will vest as to one-third of the shares on the first three anniversaries of the date 
of grant, or upon the occurrence of a change in control as defined in the restricted stock agreement.  If 
the employment of Dr. Pykett with the Company is terminated for reasons other than a change in control 
before all of the restricted shares have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock 
agreement all restricted shares that have not vested at the effective date of Dr. Pykett’s termination shall 
immediately be forfeited by Dr. Pykett. 

Also on February 17, 2012, the Company granted options to purchase shares of common stock of the 
Company to all Company employees, including the Named Executive Officers.  The stock options have 
an exercise price of $3.28 vest as to one-fourth of the shares on each of the first four anniversaries of the 
date of grant, and expire on the tenth anniversary of the date of grant.  If the employment of the Named 
Executives with the Company is terminated due to a change in control or without cause before all of the 
stock options have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the stock option award agreement all stock 
options that have not vested at the effective date of the Named Executive’s termination shall immediately 
vest and become exercisable.  The following number of options was granted to each Named Executive 
Officer:  Dr. Pykett, 250,000; Mr. Brown, 65,000; Dr. Cope, 127,000; Mr. Larson, 88,000; and Dr. Tulip, 
163,000. 

Other Benefits and Perquisites.  The Named Executive Officers participate in other benefit plans on the 
same terms as other employees.  These plans include medical, dental, vision, disability and life insurance 
benefits, and our 401(k) retirement savings plan (the 401(k) Plan). 

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our vacation policy allows employees to carry up to 40 hours of unused vacation time forward to the next 
fiscal year.  Any unused vacation time in excess of the amount eligible for rollover is generally forfeited.  
However, from time to time, due to high demands on our employees during a given fiscal year, we may 
elect to pay out for unused vacation time in excess of the amount eligible for rollover.  The amount paid is 
calculated based on the employee’s salary in effect at the end of the fiscal year to which the unused 
vacation time relates. 

Our Named Executive Officers are considered “key employees” for purposes of IRC Section 125 Plan 
non-discrimination testing.  Based on such non-discrimination testing, we determined that our Section 125 
Plan was “top-heavy”.  As such, our key employees are ineligible to participate in the Section 125 Plan 
and are unable to pay their portion of medical, dental, and vision premiums on a pre-tax basis.  As a 
result, the Company reimburses its key employees an amount equal to the lost tax benefit. 

We pay group life insurance premiums on behalf of all employees, including the Named Executive 
Officers.  The benefit provides life insurance coverage at two times the employee’s annual salary plus 
$10,000, up to a maximum of $630,000. 

We also pay group long-term disability insurance premiums on behalf of all employees, including the 
Named Executive Officers.  The benefit provides long-term disability insurance coverage at 60% of the 
employee’s annual salary, up to a maximum of $10,000 per month, beginning 180 days after the date of 
disability and continuing through age 65. 

401(k) Retirement Plan.  All employees are given an opportunity to participate in our 401(k) retirement 
savings plan (the 401(k) Plan), following a new-hire waiting period.  The 401(k) Plan allows participants to 
have pre-tax amounts withheld from their pay and provides for a discretionary employer matching 
contribution (currently, a 40% match in the form of our common stock up to 5% of salary).  Participants 
may invest their contributions in various fund options, but are prohibited from investing their contributions 
in our common stock.  Participants are immediately vested in both their contributions and company 
matching contributions.  The 401(k) Plan qualifies under section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code, which 
provides that employee and company contributions and income earned on contributions are not taxable to 
the employee until withdrawn from the Plan, and that we may deduct our contributions when made. 

Employment Agreements 

Our executive officers are employed under employment agreements which specify the terms of their 
employment such as base salary, benefits, paid time off, and post-employment benefits as shown in the 
tables below.  Our employment agreements also specify that if a change in control occurs with respect to 
our Company and the employment of an executive officer is concurrently or subsequently terminated: 

(cid:120)  by the Company without cause (cause was defined as any willful breach of a material duty by the 
executive officer in the course of his employment or willful and continued neglect of his duty as an 
employee); 

(cid:120)  by the expiration of the term of the employment agreement; or  
(cid:120)  by the resignation of the executive officer because his title, authority, responsibilities, salary, 
bonus opportunities or benefits have materially diminished, a material adverse change in his 
working conditions has occurred, his services are no longer required in light of the Company’s 
business plan, or we breach the agreement; 

then, the executive officer would be paid a severance payment as disclosed in the tables below.  For 
purposes of such employment agreements, a change in control includes: 

(cid:120) 

the acquisition, directly or indirectly, by a person (other than our Company, an employee benefit 
plan established by the Board of Directors, or a participant in a transaction approved by the Board 
of Directors for the principal purpose of raising additional capital) of beneficial ownership of 30% 
or more of our securities with voting power in the next meeting of holders of voting securities to 
elect the Directors; 

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(cid:120)  a majority of the Directors elected at any meeting of the holders of our voting securities are 
persons who were not nominated by our then current Board of Directors or an authorized 
committee thereof; 

(cid:120)  our stockholders approve a merger or consolidation of our Company with another person, other 

than a merger or consolidation in which the holders of our voting securities outstanding 
immediately before such merger or consolidation continue to hold voting securities in the 
surviving or resulting corporation (in the same relative proportions to each other as existed before 
such event) comprising 80% or more of the voting power for all purposes of the surviving or 
resulting corporation; or 

(cid:120)  our stockholders approve a transfer of substantially all of our assets to another person other than 
a transfer to a transferee, 80% or more of the voting power of which is owned or controlled by us 
or by the holders of our voting securities outstanding immediately before such transfer in the 
same relative proportions to each other as existed before such event. 

Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D.  Dr. Pykett is employed under an 18-month employment agreement 
effective April 15, 2011.  The employment agreement provides for an annual base salary of $375,000.  
Effective January 1, 2012, Dr. Pykett’s annual base salary was increased to $425,000.  For the calendar 
year ending December 31, 2012, the CNG Committee determined that the maximum bonus payment to 
Dr. Pykett will be $212,500. 

Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D.  Dr. Cope is employed under a 24-month employment agreement effective 
January 1, 2013.  The employment agreement provides for an annual base salary of $245,000.  Effective 
August 23, 2011, Dr. Cope’s annual base salary was increased to $265,000. Effective January 1, 2012, 
Dr. Cope’s annual base salary was increased to $271,000.  For the calendar year ending December 31, 
2012, the CNG Committee determined that the maximum bonus payment to Dr. Cope will be $67,750. 

Brent L. Larson.  Mr. Larson is employed under a 24-month employment agreement effective January 1, 
2013.  The employment agreement provides for an annual base salary of $207,000.  Effective August 23, 
2011, Mr. Larson’s annual base salary was increased to $250,000. Effective January 1, 2012, Mr. 
Larson’s annual base salary was increased to $265,000. For the calendar year ending December 31, 
2012, the CNG Committee determined that the maximum bonus payment to Mr. Larson will be $72,875. 

William J. Regan.  Mr. Regan is employed under a 12-month employment agreement effective October 1, 
2012.  The employment agreement provides for an annual base salary of $250,000.  For the calendar 
year ending December 31, 2012, the CNG Committee determined that the maximum bonus payment to 
Mr. Regan will be $28,125. 

Cornelia B. Reininger, M.D., Ph.D.  Dr. Reininger is employed under a 17-month employment agreement 
effective November 1, 2012.  The employment agreement provides for an annual base salary of 
$300,000.  For the calendar year ending December 31, 2012, the CNG Committee determined that the 
maximum bonus payment to Dr. Reininger will be $15,041. 

Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D.  Dr. Tulip is employed under a 24-month employment agreement effective June 
1, 2012.  The employment agreement provides for an annual base salary of $325,000.  For the calendar 
year ending December 31, 2012, the CNG Committee has determined that the maximum bonus payment 
to Dr. Tulip will be $113,750, to be pro-rated based on time served at each salary level during the 2012 
calendar year. 

Post-Employment Compensation 

The following tables set forth the expected benefit to be received by each of our Named Executive 
Officers in the event of his termination resulting from various scenarios, assuming a termination date of 
December 31, 2012 and a stock price of $2.83, our closing stock price on December 31, 2012. 

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. 

For Cause  Resignation

Death 

Disability 

Cash payments: 
  Severance (a) 
  Disability supplement (b) 
  Paid time off (c) 
2012 401(k) match (d) 
Continuation of benefits (e) 
Stock option vesting 
  acceleration (f) 
Restricted stock vesting 
  acceleration (g) 
    Total 

$               --  $               --  $               --  $               -- 
210,100 
8,173 
5,000 
22,870 

-- 
8,173 
5,000 
22,870 

-- 
8,173 
5,000 
-- 

-- 
8,173 
5,000 
-- 

End of 
Term 

Without 
Cause 

Change in 
Control 

$    468,750 
-- 
8,173 
5,000 
-- 

$    468,750 
-- 
8,173 
5,000 
34,305 

$    937,500 
-- 
8,173 
5,000 
22,870 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

150,666 

150,666 

150,666 

-- 
$      13,173 

-- 
$      13,173 

-- 
$      36,043 

-- 
$    246,143 

-- 
$    632,589 

990,150 
$ 1,657,044 

1,838,850 
$ 2,963,059 

(a)  Severance amounts are pursuant to Dr. Pykett’s employment agreement. 
(b)  During the first 6 months of disability, the Company will supplement disability insurance payments to Dr. Pykett to achieve 

100% salary replacement.  The Company’s short-term disability insurance policy currently pays $100 per week for a maximum 
of 24 weeks. 

(c)  Amount represents the value of 40 hours of accrued but unused vacation time as of December 31, 2012. 
(d)  Amount represents the value of 1,649 shares of Company stock which was accrued during 2012 as the Company’s 401(k) 

matching contribution but was unissued as of December 31, 2012. 

(e)  Amount represents 12 months of medical, dental and vision insurance premiums at rates in effect at December 31, 2012, 
except in the case of termination without cause, when the amount represents 18 months of medical, dental and vision 
insurance premiums at rates in effect at December 31, 2012. 

(f)  Pursuant to Dr. Pykett’s stock option agreements, all unvested stock options outstanding will vest upon termination at the end 
of the term of his employment agreement, termination without cause, or a change in control.  Amount represents the value of 
the stock at $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on December 31, 2012, less the exercise price of the options.  
Amount does not include stock options with an exercise price higher than $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on 
December 31, 2012. 

(g)  Pursuant to Dr. Pykett’s restricted stock agreements, certain unvested restricted stock outstanding will vest upon termination 

without cause or a change in control. 

Rodger A. Brown 

Cash payments: 
  Severance (a) 
  Disability supplement (b) 
  Paid time off (c) 
2012 401(k) match (d) 
Continuation of benefits (e) 
Stock option vesting 
  acceleration (f) 
Restricted stock vesting 
  acceleration (g) 
    Total 

For Cause  Resignation

Death 

Disability 

$               --  $               --  $               --  $               -- 
93,100 
3,673
-- 
16,304 

-- 
3,673
-- 
16,304 

-- 
3,673 
-- 
-- 

-- 
3,673
-- 
-- 

End of 
Term 

Without 
Cause 

Change in 
Control 

$    165,000 
-- 
3,673 
-- 
-- 

$    165,000 
-- 
3,673 
-- 
16,304 

$    247,500 
-- 
3,673
-- 
16,304 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

27,900 

27,900 

27,900 

-- 
$        3,673 

-- 
$        3,673 

-- 
$      19,977 

-- 
$    113,077 

-- 
$    196,573 

-- 
$    212,877 

70,725 
$    366,102 

(a)  Severance amounts are pursuant to Mr. Brown’s employment agreement. 
(b)  During the first 6 months of disability, the Company will supplement disability insurance payments to Mr. Brown to achieve 

100% salary replacement.  The Company’s short-term disability insurance policy currently pays $100 per week for a maximum 
of 24 weeks. 

(c)  Amount represents the value of 40 hours of accrued but unused vacation time as of December 31, 2012. 
(d)  Mr. Brown does not participate in the Company’s 401(k) Plan. 
(e)  Amount represents 12 months of medical, dental and vision insurance premiums at rates in effect at December 31, 2012. 
(f)  Pursuant to Mr. Brown’s stock option agreements, all unvested stock options outstanding will vest upon termination at the end 

of the term of his employment agreement, termination without cause, or a change in control.  Amount represents the value of 
the stock at $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on December 31, 2012, less the exercise price of the options.  
Amount does not include stock options with an exercise price higher than $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on 
December 31, 2012. 

(g)  Pursuant to Mr. Brown’s restricted stock agreements, certain unvested restricted stock outstanding will vest upon a change in 

control. 

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D. 

For Cause  Resignation

Death 

Disability 

Cash payments: 
  Severance (a) 
  Disability supplement (b) 
  Paid time off (c) 
2012 401(k) match (d) 
Continuation of benefits (e) 
Stock option vesting 
  acceleration (f) 
Restricted stock vesting 
  acceleration (g) 
    Total 

$               --  $               --  $               --  $               -- 
133,100 
2,085 
5,000
16,304 

-- 
2,085 
5,000
16,304 

-- 
2,085 
5,000 
-- 

-- 
2,085 
5,000
-- 

End of 
Term 

Without 
Cause 

Change in 
Control 

$    245,000 
-- 
2,085 
5,000 
-- 

$    245,000 
-- 
2,085 
5,000 
16,304 

$    367,500 
-- 
2,085 
5,000
16,304 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

55,800 

55,800 

55,800 

-- 
$      7,085 

-- 
$      7,085 

-- 
$      23,388 

-- 
$    156,488 

-- 
$    307,885 

-- 
$    324,188 

495,075 
$    941,763 

(a)  Severance amounts are pursuant to Dr. Cope’s employment agreement. 
(b)  During the first 6 months of disability, the Company will supplement disability insurance payments to Dr. Cope to achieve 100% 

salary replacement.  The Company’s short-term disability insurance policy currently pays $100 per week for a maximum of 24 
weeks. 

(c)  Amount represents the value of 16 hours of accrued but unused vacation time as of December 31, 2012. 
(d)  Amount represents the value of 1,649 shares of Company stock which was accrued during 2012 as the Company’s 401(k) 

matching contribution but was unissued as of December 31, 2012. 

(e)  Amount represents 12 months of medical, dental and vision insurance premiums at rates in effect at December 31, 2012. 
(f)  Pursuant to Dr. Cope’s stock option agreements, all unvested stock options outstanding will vest upon termination at the end of 

the term of his employment agreement, termination without cause, or a change in control.  Amount represents the value of the 
stock at $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on December 31, 2012, less the exercise price of the options.  Amount 
does not include stock options with an exercise price higher than $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on December 
31, 2012. 

(g)  Pursuant to Dr. Cope’s restricted stock agreements, certain unvested restricted stock outstanding will vest upon a change in 

control. 

Brent L. Larson 

Cash payments: 
  Severance (a) 
  Disability supplement (b) 
  Paid time off (c) 
2012 401(k) match (d) 
Continuation of benefits (e) 
Stock option vesting 
  acceleration (f) 
Restricted stock vesting 
  acceleration (g) 
    Total 

For Cause  Resignation

Death 

Disability 

$               --  $               --  $               --  $               -- 
130,100 
5,096
5,000
22,870 

-- 
5,096
5,000
22,870 

-- 
5,096 
5,000 
-- 

-- 
5,096
5,000
-- 

End of 
Term 

Without 
Cause 

Change in 
Control 

$    207,000 
-- 
5,096 
5,000 
-- 

$    207,000 
-- 
5,096 
5,000 
22,870 

$    310,500 
-- 
5,096
5,000
22,870 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

44,175 

44,175 

44,175 

-- 
$      10,096 

-- 
$      10,096 

-- 
$      32,966 

-- 
$    163,066 

-- 
$    261,271 

-- 
$    284,141 

212,175 
$    599,816 

(a)  Severance amounts are pursuant to Mr. Larson’s employment agreement. 
(b)  During the first 6 months of disability, the Company will supplement disability insurance payments to Mr. Larson to achieve 

100% salary replacement.  The Company’s short-term disability insurance policy currently pays $100 per week for a maximum 
of 24 weeks. 

(c)  Amount represents the value of 40 hours of accrued but unused vacation time as of December 31, 2012. 
(d)  Amount represents the value of 1,649 shares of Company stock which was accrued during 2012 as the Company’s 401(k) 

matching contribution but was unissued as of December 31, 2012. 

(e)  Amount represents 12 months of medical, dental and vision insurance premiums at rates in effect at December 31, 2012. 
(f)  Pursuant to Mr. Larson’s stock option agreements, all unvested stock options outstanding will vest upon termination at the end 

of the term of his employment agreement, termination without cause, or a change in control.  Amount represents the value of 
the stock at $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on December 31, 2012, less the exercise price of the options.  
Amount does not include stock options with an exercise price higher than $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on 
December 31, 2012. 

(g)  Pursuant to Mr. Larson’s restricted stock agreements, certain unvested restricted stock outstanding will vest upon a change in 

control. 

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. 

For Cause  Resignation

Death 

Disability 

Cash payments: 
  Severance (a) 
  Disability supplement (b) 
  Paid time off (c) 
2012 401(k) match (d) 
Continuation of benefits (e) 
Stock option vesting 
  acceleration (f) 
Restricted stock vesting 
  acceleration (g) 
    Total 

$               --  $               --  $               --  $               -- 
160,100 
6,250
5,000
-- 

-- 
6,250 
5,000 
-- 

-- 
6,250
5,000
-- 

-- 
6,250
5,000
-- 

End of 
Term 

Without 
Cause 

Change in 
Control 

$    325,000 
-- 
6,250 
5,000 
-- 

$    325,000 
-- 
6,250 
5,000 
-- 

$    487,500 
-- 
6,250
5,000
-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 
$      11,250 

-- 
$      11,250 

-- 
$      11,250 

-- 
$    171,350 

-- 
$    336,250 

-- 
$    336,250 

-- 
$    498,750 

(a)  Severance amounts are pursuant to Dr. Tulip’s employment agreement. 
(b)  During the first 6 months of disability, the Company will supplement disability insurance payments to Dr. Tulip to achieve 100% 

salary replacement.  The Company’s short-term disability insurance policy currently pays $100 per week for a maximum of 24 
weeks. 

(c)  Amount represents the value of 40 hours of accrued but unused vacation time as of December 31, 2012. 
(d)  Amount represents the value of 1,649 shares of Company stock which was accrued during 2012 as the Company’s 401(k) 

matching contribution but was unissued as of December 31, 2012. 

(e)  Dr. Tulip does not participate in the Company’s medical, dental or vision insurance plans. 
(f)  Pursuant to Dr. Tulip’s stock option agreements, all unvested stock options outstanding will vest upon termination at the end of 
the term of his employment agreement, termination without cause, or a change in control.  Amount represents the value of the 
stock at $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on December 31, 2012, less the exercise price of the options.  Amount 
does not include stock options with an exercise price higher than $2.83, the closing price of the Company’s stock on December 
31, 2012. 

(g)  Dr. Tulip’s restricted stock agreements do not include provisions for accelerated vesting. 

Report of Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee 

The CNG Committee is responsible for establishing, reviewing and approving the Company’s 
compensation philosophy and policies, reviewing and making recommendations to the Board regarding 
forms of compensation provided to the Company’s directors and officers, reviewing and determining cash 
and equity awards for the Company’s officers and other employees, and administering the Company’s 
equity incentive plans. 

In this context, the CNG Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation 
Discussion and Analysis included in this annual report on Form 10-K.  In reliance on the review and 
discussions referred to above, the CNG Committee recommended to the Board, and the Board has 
approved, that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this annual report on Form 10-K 
for filing with the SEC. 

The Compensation, Nominating 
and Governance Committee 

Peter F. Drake, Ph.D. (Chairman)  
Brendan A. Ford 
Jess Emery Jones, M.D. 

80

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation 

The current members of our CNG Committee are: Peter F. Drake, Ph.D. (Chairman), Brendan A. Ford, 
and Jess Emery Jones, M.D., and each served as a member of the CNG Committee during the last 
completed fiscal year.  None of these individuals were at any time during the fiscal year ended December 
31, 2012, or at any other time, an officer or employee of the Company. 

No director who served on the CNG Committee during 2012 had any relationships requiring disclosure by 
the Company under the SEC’s rules requiring disclosure of certain relationships and related-party 
transactions.  None of the Company’s executive officers served as a director or a member of a 
compensation committee (or other committee serving and equivalent function) of any other entity, the 
executive officers of which served as a director of the Company or member of the CNG Committee during 
2012.

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary Compensation Table 

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the annual and long-term compensation of 
our Named Executive Officers for the last three fiscal years. 

Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal 2012 

Named Executive Officer 

Year 

Salary 

(a) 
Stock 
Awards 

(b) 
Option 
Awards 

(c) 
(d) 
Non-Equity 
Incentive Plan 
All Other 
Compensation Compensation  Compensation

Total 

Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. (e) 
   President and 
   Chief Executive Officer 

2012 
2011 
2010 

$  425,000  
363,249  
41,875 

$  983,700  
201,450   
530,700 

$  481,827   

 -- 
193,783 

$        140,250   
175,867   
6,278 

$          13,808   

4,788 
-- 

$     2,044,585   
745,354   
772,636 

Rodger A. Brown 
   Vice President, Global 
   Regulatory Operations and 
   Quality Assurance 

Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D. 
   Senior Vice President, 
   Pharmaceutical Research 
   and Clinical Development 

Brent L. Larson 
   Senior Vice President and 
   Chief Financial Officer 

Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. (f) 
   Executive Vice President and 
   Chief Business Officer 

2012 
2011 
2010 

$  191,000  
172,347 
155,000 

$             --   

$  125,275   

$          25,296   

$            2,553   

$        344,124   

 -- 
-- 

 -- 
72,585 

29,250 
28,650 

5,463 
-- 

207,060 
256,235 

2012
2011 
2010 

$  271,000  
252,342  
211,000 

$             --   
 --   
-- 

$  244,768   
--  
145,169 

$          55,043   
63,375   
51,375 

$          11,114   

$        581,925   

10,396 
4,751 

326,113 
412,295 

2012
2011 
2010 

2012
2011 
2010 

$  265,000  
222,637  
195,000 

$             --   
 --   
-- 

$  169,603   
--  
114,926 

$          49,555   
 43,875   
37,500 

$          11,404   

$        495,562   

8,450 
4,595 

274,962 
352,021 

$  314,583  
175,000 
-- 

$             --  
394,320 
-- 

$  314,151 
 346,842 
-- 

$          75,075   

$            9,615   

$        713,424   

60,023 
-- 

5,708 
-- 

981,893 
-- 

(a)  Amount represents the aggregate grant date fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.  Assumptions made in the 

valuation of stock awards are disclosed in Note 1(e) of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K. 

(b)  Amount represents the aggregate grant date fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.  Assumptions made in the 

valuation of option awards are disclosed in Note 1(e) of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K. 
(c)  Amount represents the cash bonuses which have been approved by the CNG Committee and are disclosed for fiscal 2012, the 

year in which they were earned (i.e., the year to which the service relates). 

(d)  Amount represents additional compensation as disclosed in the All Other Compensation table below. 
(e)  Dr. Pykett commenced employment with the Company effective November 15, 2010, and was promoted to President and Chief 

Executive Officer effective April 15, 2011. 

(f)  Dr. Tulip commenced employment with the Company effective June 1, 2011. 

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All Other Compensation 

The following table describes each component of the amounts shown in the “All Other Compensation” 
column in the Summary Compensation table above. 

All Other Compensation Table for Fiscal 2012 

Named Executive Officer 

Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. (d) 

Rodger A. Brown 

Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D. 

Brent L. Larson 

Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. (e) 

(b) 
Reimbursement
of Additional 
Tax Liability 
Related to 
Health Insurance
Premiums 

(c) 
401(k) Plan 
Employer 
Matching 
Contribution 

(a) 
Payment 
for 
Unused 
Vacation 

Total 
All Other 
Compensation 

$              7,212   

$              1,596   

$              5,000   

$            13,808   

-- 
-- 

1,019 
-- 

3,769 
-- 

4,788 
-- 

$              1,512   

$              1,041   

$                     --   

$              2,553   

4,769 
-- 

694 
-- 

-- 
-- 

5,463 
-- 

$              5,096   

$              1,018   

$              5,000   

$            11,114   

4,818 
-- 

678 
-- 

4,900 
4,751 

10,396 
4,751 

$              4,808   

$              1,596   

$              5,000   

$            11,404   

2,531 
-- 

1,019 
-- 

4,900 
4,595 

8,450 
4,595 

$              4,615   

$                     --   

$              5,000   

$              9,615   

 -- 
-- 

2,807 
-- 

2,901 
-- 

 5,708 
-- 

Year 

2012 
2011 
2010 

2012 
2011 
2010 

2012 
2011 
2010 

2012 
2011 
2010 

2012 
2011 
2010 

(a)  Amount represents payment for unused vacation time in excess of the amount eligible for rollover in fiscal 2012.  The amount 
paid is calculated based on the employee’s salary in effect at the end of the fiscal year to which the unused vacation time 
relates. 

(b)  Amount represents reimbursement of the lost tax benefit due to the ineligibility of our Named Executive Officers to pay their 

portion of medical, dental, and vision premiums on a pre-tax basis under our IRC Section 125 Plan. 

(c)  Amount represents the value of the common stock contributed to the Named Executive Officer’s account in our 401(k) Plan as 

calculated on a quarterly basis. 

(d)  Dr. Pykett commenced employment with the Company effective November 15, 2010, and was promoted to President and Chief 

Executive Officer effective April 15, 2011. 

(e)  Dr. Tulip commenced employment with the Company effective June 1, 2011. 

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grants of Plan-Based Awards 

The following table sets forth certain information about plan-based awards that we made to the Named 
Executive Officers during fiscal 2012.  For information about the plans under which these awards were 
granted, see the discussion under “Short-Term Incentive Compensation” and “Long-Term Incentive 
Compensation” in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section above. 

Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table for Fiscal 2012 

Named 
Executive Officer 

Grant 
Date 

Estimated Future 
Payouts Under 
Non-Equity Incentive 
Plan Awards (a) 

Estimated Future 
Payouts Under 
Equity Incentive 
Plan Awards (b) 

Threshold  Maximum  Threshold  Maximum 

All Other 
Option 
Awards: 

All Other 
Grant Date
Stock 
Number of  Exercise Fair Value 
Awards: 
Number 
of Stock 
Securities  Price of 
of Shares  Underlying  Option  and Option
of Stock 

Options 

Awards 

Awards 

Mark J. Pykett, 
V.M.D., Ph.D. 

N/A $          -- 

$  212,500 
2/17/2012 $          --  $             -- 
2/17/2012 $          --  $             -- 

Rodger A. Brown 

N/A $          -- 

$    38,200 
2/17/2012 $          --  $             -- 

Frederick O. Cope, 
Ph.D. 

N/A $          -- 

$    67,750   

2/17/2012 $          --  $             -- 

Brent L. Larson 

N/A $          -- 

$    72,875 
2/17/2012 $          --  $             -- 

Thomas H. Tulip, 
Ph.D. 

N/A $          -- 

$  110,130 
2/17/2012 $          --  $             -- 

-- 
-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
300,000 
-- 

-- 
-- 
250,000 

$        --  $             --  (a)
$  983,700  (c)
$        -- 
$  481,827  (d)
$    3.28 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
65,000 

$        --  $             --  (a)
$  125,275  (d)
$    3.28 

-- 
127,000 

$        --  $             --  (a)
$  244,768  (d)
$    3.28 

-- 
88,000 

$        --  $             --  (a)
$  169,603  (d)
$    3.28 

-- 
163,000 

--  $             --  (a)
$  314,151  (d)

$    3.28 

(a)  The threshold amount reflects the fact that no cash bonus awards would have been payable if none of the specified business 
performance objectives were achieved.  The maximum amount reflects the target cash bonus awards payable if all of the 
specified business performance objectives are achieved, pro-rated based on time served at each salary level during the 2012 
fiscal year.  For actual cash bonus award amounts, see the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column in the Summary 
Compensation table above. 

(b)  The threshold amount reflects the fact that no restricted stock awards will be payable if none of the vesting terms are achieved.  

The maximum amount reflects the target restricted stock awards payable if all of the vesting terms are achieved. 

(c)  These shares of restricted stock will vest as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant or upon the 
occurrence of a change in control as defined in the restricted stock agreement.  If the employment of Dr. Pykett with the 
Company is terminated for reasons other than a change in control before all of the restricted shares have vested, then 
pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreements all restricted shares that have not vested at the effective date of Dr. 
Pykett’s termination shall immediately be forfeited by Dr. Pykett. 

(d)  These stock options vest as to one-fourth on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant, and expire on the tenth 
anniversary of the date of grant.  If the employment of the Named Executive Officer with the Company is terminated due to a 
change in control or without cause before all of the stock options have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the Stock Option 
Award Agreements all stock options that have not vested at the effective date of the Named Executive Officer’s termination 
shall immediately vest and become exercisable. 

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding Equity Awards 

The following table presents certain information concerning outstanding equity awards held by the Named 
Executive Officers as of December 31, 2012. 

Outstanding Equity Awards Table at Fiscal 2012 Year-End 

Option Awards 

Stock Awards 

Number of Securities 
Underlying Unexercised 
Options (#) 

Option 
Exercise

Named 
Executive Officer  Exercisable  Unexercisable  Price 

Option 
Expiration
Date 

Note 

Number of 
Shares of 
Stock that 
Have Not 
Vested 

Market Value 
of Shares of 
Stock that 
Have Not 
Vested 

Mark J. Pykett, 
V.M.D., Ph.D. 

133,334
--

66,666
250,000

$ 1.70 
$ 3.28 

11/12/2020
2/17/2022

(j) 
(m) 

300,000

$ 849,000

Rodger A. Brown 

Frederick O. Cope, 
Ph.D. 

Brent L. Larson 

Thomas H. Tulip, 
Ph.D. 

50,000
40,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
25,000
50,000
30,000
--

50,000
75,000
60,000
--

70,000
50,000
50,000
40,000
50,000
50,000
25,000
75,000
47,500
--

27,500
--

--
--
--
--
--
--
--
30,000
65,000

$ 0.49 
$ 0.39 
$ 0.26 
$ 0.27 
$ 0.362 
$ 0.59 
$ 1.10 
$ 1.90 
$ 3.28 

--
--
60,000
127,000

$ 0.65 
$ 1.10 
$ 1.90 
$ 3.28 

--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
47,500
88,000

$ 0.30 
$ 0.49 
$ 0.39 
$ 0.26 
$ 0.27 
$ 0.362 
$ 0.59 
$ 1.10 
$ 1.90 
$ 3.28 

7/28/2014
12/10/2014
12/27/2015
12/15/2016
1/3/2018
1/5/2019
10/30/2019
12/21/2020
2/17/2022

2/16/2019
10/30/2019
12/21/2020
2/17/2022

1/7/2014
7/28/2014
12/10/2014
12/27/2015
12/15/2016
1/3/2018
1/5/2019
10/30/2019
12/21/2020
2/17/2022

82,500
163,000

$ 4.93 
$ 3.28 

6/1/2021
2/17/2022

(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) 
(f) 
(g) 
(i) 
(k) 
(m) 

(h) 
(i) 
(k) 
(m) 

(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) 
(f) 
(g) 
(i) 
(k) 
(m) 

(l) 
(m) 

Equity Incentive 
Plan Awards 

Number of 
Unearned 
Shares 

Market Value 
of Unearned 
Shares (u) 

Note 

300,000
50,000

$ 849,000
$ 141,500

20,000
25,000

$ 56,600
$ 70,750

(q) 
(r) 
(t) 

(n) 
(p) 

100,000
75,000

$ 283,000
$ 212,250

(o) 
(p) 

50,000
75,000

$ 141,500
$ 212,250

(n) 
(p) 

60,000

$ 169,800

(s) 

(a)  Options were granted 1/7/2004 and vested as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(b)  Options were granted 7/28/2004 and vested as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(c)  Options were granted 12/10/2004 and vested as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(d)  Options were granted 12/27/2005 and vested as to one-third immediately and on each of the first two anniversaries of the date 

of grant. 

(e)  Options were granted 12/15/2006 and vested as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(f)  Options were granted 1/3/2008 and vested as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(g)  Options were granted 1/5/2009 and vested as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(h)  Options were granted 2/16/2009 and vested as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(i)  Options were granted 10/30/2009 and vested as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(j)  Options were granted 11/12/2010 and vest as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(k)  Options were granted 12/21/2010 and vest as to one-fourth on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(l)  Options were granted 6/1/2011 and vest as to one-fourth on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant. 
(m)  Options were granted 2/17/2012 and vest as to one-fourth on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant. 

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(n)  Restricted shares granted January 3, 2008.  Pursuant to the terms of restricted stock agreements between the Company and 
each grantee, the restricted shares will vest upon the approval of a NDA for Lymphoseek by the FDA.  If the employment of a 
grantee with the Company is terminated before all of the restricted shares have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the 
restricted stock agreements all restricted shares that have not vested at the effective date of such grantee’s termination shall 
immediately be forfeited by the grantee.  Pursuant to its authority under Section 3.2 of the restricted stock agreements the 
CNG Committee eliminated the forfeiture provision in Section 3.2(b) of the restricted stock agreements effective January 1, 
2009, which provision effected the forfeiture of the shares if the vesting event did not occur before June 30, 2010. 

(o)  Restricted shares granted February 16, 2009.  Pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreement between the Company 

and Dr. Cope, 50% of the restricted shares will vest upon the approval of a NDA for Lymphoseek by the FDA or the approval of 
marketing authorization for Lymphoseek by the EMA and 50% of the restricted shares will vest upon the commencement of 
patient enrollment in a Phase 3 clinical trial in humans of RIGScan.  All of the restricted shares vest upon the occurrence of a 
change in control as defined in Dr. Cope’s employment agreement.  If the employment of Dr. Cope with the Company is 
terminated for reasons other than a change in control before all of the restricted shares have vested, then pursuant to the 
terms of the restricted stock agreement all restricted shares that have not vested at the effective date of Dr. Cope’s termination 
shall immediately be forfeited by Dr. Cope. 

(p)  Restricted shares granted December 1, 2009.  Pursuant to the terms of restricted stock agreements between the Company 
and each grantee, the restricted shares will vest upon the approval of a NDA for Lymphoseek by the FDA or the approval of 
marketing authorization for Lymphoseek by the EMA.  All of the restricted shares vest upon the occurrence of a change in 
control as defined in the restricted stock agreement.  If the employment of a grantee with the Company is terminated for 
reasons other than a change in control before all of the restricted shares have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the 
restricted stock agreements all restricted shares that have not vested at the effective date of such grantee’s termination shall 
immediately be forfeited by the grantee. 

(q)  Restricted shares granted November 15, 2010.  Pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreement between the Company 
and Dr. Pykett, 125,000 of the restricted shares will vest upon the approval of a NDA for Lymphoseek by the FDA or the 
approval of marketing authorization for Lymphoseek by the EMA and 175,000 of the restricted shares will vest upon the 
approval of a NDA for a RIGS technology product by the FDA or the approval of marketing authorization for a RIGS technology 
product by the EMA.  All of the restricted shares vest upon the occurrence of a change in control as defined in Dr. Pykett’s 
employment agreement, or if Dr. Pykett is terminated without cause as defined in his employment agreement.  If the 
employment of Dr. Pykett with the Company is terminated for reasons other than a change in control or without cause before 
all of the restricted shares have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreement all restricted shares that 
have not vested at the effective date of Dr. Pykett’s termination shall immediately be forfeited by Dr. Pykett. 

(r)  Restricted shares granted April 15, 2011.  Pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreement between the Company and 
Dr. Pykett, the restricted shares will vest upon the first regulatory approval of a Lymphoseek product by either the FDA or the 
EMA.  All of the restricted shares vest upon the occurrence of a change in control as defined in the restricted stock agreement.  
If the employment of Dr. Pykett with the Company is terminated for reasons other than a change in control before all of the 
restricted shares have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreements all restricted shares that have not 
vested at the effective date of Dr. Pykett’s termination shall immediately be forfeited by Dr. Pykett. 

(s)  Restricted shares granted June 1, 2011.  Pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreement between the Company and 
Dr. Tulip, 20,000 of the restricted shares will vest upon the partnering of Lymphoseek in Europe covering at least four 
countries, 20,000 will vest upon the partnering of Lymphoseek in Asia covering either Japan or at least two other countries, and 
20,000 will vest upon the achievement of annual revenue to the Company from Cardinal Health, Inc. related to Lymphoseek of 
over $2 million per month for three consecutive months following the receipt of commercial marketing clearance in the U.S., if 
achieved before the 24th month following such marketing clearance.  Dr. Tulip’s restricted stock agreements do not include 
provisions for accelerated vesting.  If the employment of Dr. Tulip with the Company is terminated before all of the restricted 
shares have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreement all restricted shares that have not vested at 
the effective date of Dr. Tulip’s termination shall immediately be forfeited by Dr. Tulip. 

(t)  Restricted shares granted February 17, 2012.  Pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreement between the Company 
and Dr. Pykett, the restricted shares will vest as to one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.  All of 
the restricted shares vest upon the occurrence of a change in control as defined in the restricted stock agreement.  If the 
employment of Dr. Pykett with the Company is terminated for reasons other than a change in control before all of the restricted 
shares have vested, then pursuant to the terms of the restricted stock agreements all restricted shares that have not vested at 
the effective date of Dr. Pykett’s termination shall immediately be forfeited by Dr. Pykett. 

(u)  Estimated by reference to the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2012, pursuant to 

Instruction 3 to Item 402(p)(2) of Regulation S-K.  The closing price of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2012, 
was $2.83. 

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options Exercised and Stock Vested 

The following table presents, with respect to the Named Executive Officers, certain information about 
option exercises and restricted stock vested during fiscal 2012. 

Options Exercised and Stock Vested Table for Fiscal 2012 

Named Executive Officer 
Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. 
Rodger A. Brown 
Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D. 
Brent L. Larson 
Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. 

Option Awards

Stock Awards 

Number of 
Shares 
Acquired 
on Exercise 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 

Value 
Realized on 
Exercise (a) 

--   
--   
--   
--   
--   

Number of 
Shares 
Acquired 
on Vesting 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 

Value 
Realized on 
Vesting (a) 

--   
--   
--   
--   
--   

(a)  Computed using the fair market value of the stock on the date prior to or the date of exercise or vesting, as appropriate, in 

accordance with our normal practice. 

Compensation of Non-Employee Directors 

Each non-employee director received an annual cash retainer of $25,000 and earned an additional 
$2,500 per board meeting attended in person or $500 per telephonic board meeting during the fiscal year 
ended December 31, 2012.  The Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors received an additional 
annual retainer of $25,000, the Chairman of the Audit Committee received an additional annual retainer of 
$10,000, and the Chairman of the CNG Committee received an additional annual retainer of $7,500 for 
their services in those capacities during 2012.  Members of both committees of the Company’s Board of 
Directors earned an additional $1,000 per committee meeting, whether attended in person or 
telephonically.  We also reimbursed non-employee directors for travel expenses for meetings attended 
during 2012. 

Each non-employee director also received 17,000 shares of restricted stock as a part of the Company’s 
annual stock incentive grants, in accordance with the provisions of the Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 
Third Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan.  The restricted stock granted will vest on the 
first anniversary of the date of grant.  The aggregate number of equity awards outstanding at February 
28, 2013 for each Director is set forth in the footnotes to the beneficial ownership table provided in Part 
III, Item 12 of this Form 10-K.  Directors who are also officers or employees of Neoprobe do not receive 
any compensation for their services as directors. 

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth certain information concerning the compensation of non-employee Directors 
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. 

(a) 
Fees 
Earned or 
Paid in 
Cash 

$    48,500 
52,000 
39,500 
37,000 
-- 
67,000 

Name 

Peter F. Drake, Ph.D. 
Brendan A. Ford 
Jess Emery Jones, M.D. 
Eric K. Rowinsky, M.D. 
Eric K. Rowinsky, M.D. (f) 
Gordon A. Troup 

(b),(c)      
Option 
Awards 

$            -- 
-- 

-- 
21,311 
-- 

(d),(e)       
Stock 
Awards 

All Other 
Compensation 

Total 
Compensation

  $      46,733 
46,733
46,733
46,733
--
46,733

  $                  -- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
105,000 
-- 

  $         95,233 
98,733 
86,233 
83,733 
126,311 
113,733 

(a)  Amount represents fees earned during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 (i.e., the year to which the service relates).  

Quarterly retainers and meeting attendance fees are paid during the quarter following the quarter in which they are earned. 
(b)  Amount represents the aggregate grant date fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.  Assumptions made in the 

valuation of stock option awards are disclosed in Note 1(e) of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 
10-K. 

(c)  At December 31, 2012, the non-employee directors held an aggregate of 93,764 options to purchase shares of common stock 

of the Company.  Dr. Rowinsky held 73,764 options and Mr. Troup held 20,000 options. 

(d)  Amount represents the aggregate grant date fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.  Assumptions made in the 
valuation of restricted stock awards are disclosed in Note 1(e) of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this 
Form 10-K. 

(e)  During the year ended December 31, 2012, the non-employee directors were issued an aggregate of 85,000 shares of 

restricted stock which vest as to 100% of the shares on the first anniversary of the date of grant.  At December 31, 2012, the 
non-employee directors held an aggregate of 260,000 shares of unvested restricted stock.  Messrs. Ford and Troup and Dr. 
Rowinsky each held 64,000 shares of unvested restricted stock, and Drs. Drake and Jones each held 34,000 shares of 
unvested restricted stock. 
In addition to his service as a Board member, Dr. Rowinsky provided services to the Company under a consulting agreement.  
During the year ended December 31, 2012, Dr. Rowinsky earned a total of $105,000 in cash consulting fees, and was issued 
13,764 options to purchase shares of common stock of the Company. 

(f) 

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters  

Equity Compensation Plan Information 

The following table sets forth additional information as of December 31, 2012, concerning shares of our 
common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options and other rights under our existing equity 
compensation plans and arrangements, divided between plans approved by our stockholders and plans 
or arrangements not submitted to our stockholders for approval.  The information includes the number of 
shares covered by, and the weighted average exercise price of, outstanding options and other rights and 
the number of shares remaining available for future grants excluding the shares to be issued upon 
exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and other rights. 

(a) 
Number of 
Securities to be 
Issued Upon 
Exercise of 
Outstanding 
Options, Warrants 
and Rights 

(b) 
Weighted-Average 
Exercise Price of 
Outstanding 
Options, Warrants 
and Rights 

(c) 
Number of 
Securities 
Remaining Available 
for Issuance Under 
Equity 
Compensation Plans 
(Excluding 
Securities Reflected 
in Column (a)) 

Equity compensation plans 
  approved by security holders(1) 

Equity compensation plans not 
  approved by security holders 

Total 

3,412,777 

$ 2.01 

3,219,130 

-- 

3,412,777 

-- 

$ 2.01 

-- 

3,219,130 

(1)  Our stockholders ratified the Fourth Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (the Plan) at the 2012 Annual Meeting 
of Stockholders held on August 14, 2012, which increased the total number of shares available for grant under the Plan to 
12,000,000 shares. 

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders, Directors, Nominees and Executive Officers and 
Related Stockholder Matters 

The following table sets forth, as of February 28, 2013, certain information with respect to the beneficial 
ownership of shares of our common stock by: (i) each person known to us to be the beneficial owner of 
more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock, (ii) each director or nominee for director of our 
Company, (iii) each of the Named Executive Officers (see “Executive Compensation – Summary 
Compensation Table”), and (iv) our directors and executive officers as a group. 

Beneficial Owner 
Rodger A. Brown 
Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D. 
Peter F. Drake, Ph.D. 
Brendan A. Ford 
Jess Emery Jones, M.D. 
Brent L. Larson 
Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. 
Cornelia B. Reininger, M.D., Ph.D. 
Eric K. Rowinsky, M.D. 
Gordon A. Troup 
Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. 
All directors and executive officers as a group (12 persons) 

Number of Shares 
Beneficially Owned (*) 

Percent 
of Class (**)

365,471 
228,811 
27,000 
72,000 
17,000 
777,250 
270,432 
-- 
165,764 
97,000 
96,690 
2,158,418 

(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) 
(f) 
(g) 
(h) 
(i) 
(j) 
(k) 
(l)(o) 

(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
(n) 
1.9% 

Platinum Montaur Life Sciences, LLC 

10,728,324 

(m) 

9.4% 

(*)  Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission which generally 
attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power and/or investment power with 
respect to those securities.  Unless otherwise indicated, voting and investment power are exercised solely by the person 
named above or shared with members of such person’s household. 

(**)  Percent of class is calculated on the basis of the number of shares outstanding on February 17, 2012, plus the number of 

shares the person has the right to acquire within 60 days of February 17, 2012. 

(a)  This amount includes 271,250 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are exercisable within 60 days, but it does not 
include 45,000 shares of unvested restricted stock and 158,750 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are not 
exercisable within 60 days.  Mr. Brown was one of the Company’s three most highly compensated officers, other than the 
Company’s Principal Executive Officer (PEO) and Principal Financial Officer (PFO), during the fiscal year ended December 31, 
2012.  However, as a result of management additions which occurred during 2012, Mr. Brown is not an executive officer for the 
fiscal year ending December 31, 2013. 

(b)  This amount includes 216,750 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are exercisable within 60 days and 7,061 shares 
in Dr. Cope’s account in the 401(k) Plan, but it does not include 175,000 shares of unvested restricted stock and 300,250 
shares issuable upon exercise of options which are not exercisable within 60 days. 

(c)  This amount does not include 29,250 shares of unvested restricted stock. 
(d)  This amount does not include 59,250 shares of unvested restricted stock. 
(e)  This amount does not include 29,250 shares of unvested restricted stock. 
(f)  This amount includes 479,500 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are exercisable within 60 days and 97,625 
shares in Mr. Larson’s account in the 401(k) Plan, but it does not include 125,000 shares of unvested restricted stock and 
255,500 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are not exercisable within 60 days. 

(g)  This amount includes 195,834 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are exercisable within 60 days, 1,100 shares 
held in an IRA which is owned by Dr. Pykett, and 1,198 shares in Dr. Pykett’s account in the 401(k) Plan, but it does not 
include 550,000 shares of unvested restricted stock and 558,166 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are not 
exercisable within 60 days. 

(h)  This amount does not include 208,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are not exercisable within 60 days.  Dr. 
Reininger was not a Named Executive Officer during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.  However, Dr. Reininger is an 
executive officer and the Company anticipates that Dr. Reininger will be a Named Executive Officer for 2013. 

(i)  This amount includes 73,764 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are exercisable within 60 days, but it does not 

include 59,250 shares of unvested restricted stock. 

(j)  This amount includes 20,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are exercisable within 60 days, but it does not 

include 59,250 shares of unvested restricted stock. 

90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(k)  This amount includes 68,250 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are exercisable within 60 days, but it does not 
include 60,000 shares of unvested restricted stock and 378,750 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are not 
exercisable within 60 days. 

(l)  This amount includes 1,366,348 shares issuable upon exercise of options which are exercisable within 60 days, 1,100 shares 
that are held in an IRA owned by Dr. Pykett, and 106,824 shares held in the 401(k) Plan on behalf of certain officers, but it 
does not include 1,211,250 shares of unvested restricted stock and 2,022,416 shares issuable upon the exercise of options 
which are not exercisable within 60 days.  The Company itself is the trustee of the Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 401(k) 
Plan and may, as such, share investment power over common stock held in such plan.  The trustee disclaims any beneficial 
ownership of shares held by the 401(k) Plan.  The 401(k) Plan holds an aggregate total of 661,461 shares of common stock.  
The 12 persons referenced in this disclosure include each director and named executive officer listed in the table. 

(m)  Based on information filed on Schedule 13G with the Securities and Exchange Commission as of December 31, 2012.  The 

number of shares beneficially owned by Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (Montaur), 152 W. 57th Street, 54th Floor, New 
York, NY 10019, does not include 22,687,260 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 6,938 shares of Series B 
Convertible Preferred Stock, 8,333,333 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a Series X Warrant issued to 
Montaur on April 16, 2008 (the Series X Warrant), and 2,400,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a Series 
AA Warrant issued to Montaur on July 24, 2009 (the Series AA Warrant).  The Certificates of Designation of the Preferred 
Stock, the Series X Warrant and the Series AA Warrant each provide that the holder of shares of the Preferred Stock, the 
Series X Warrant and the Series AA Warrant, respectively, may not convert any of the preferred stock or exercise any of the 
warrants to the extent that such conversion or exercise would result in the holder and its affiliates together beneficially owning 
more than 9.99% of the outstanding shares of common stock, except on 61 days’ prior written notice to Navidea that the holder 
waives such limitation. 
(n)  Less than one percent. 
(o)  The address of all directors and executive officers is c/o Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 425 Metro Place North, Suite 450, 

Dublin, Ohio 43017-1367. 

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 

We adhere to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which states that no director, officer or 
employee of Navidea should have any personal interest that is incompatible with the loyalty and 
responsibility owed to our Company.  We do not currently have a written policy regarding related party 
transactions.  When considering whether to enter into a related party transaction, the Board considers a 
variety of factors including, but not limited to, the nature and type of the proposed transaction, the 
potential value of the proposed transaction, the impact on the actual or perceived independence of the 
related party and the potential value to the Company of entering into such a transaction.  All proposed 
transactions with a potential value of greater than $120,000 are approved by the Board. 

In August 2010, we entered into a Consulting Agreement with Eric K. Rowinsky, M.D. for services related 
to the development and regulatory strategies regarding Lymphoseek and RIGS, as well as business 
development assessments and transactions.  Dr. Rowinsky’s Consulting Agreement was renewed in 
August 2011, and renewed again in August 2012.  During 2012, we paid Dr. Rowinsky a total of $105,000 
in cash consulting fees, and issued 13,764 options to purchase shares of common stock of the Company.  
In September 2012, 30,000 shares of restricted stock that were originally issued related to the August 
2011 consulting agreement renewal vested as a result of the Company’s commencement of the Phase 2 
clinical study of its NAV4694 product candidate. 

Director Independence 

Our Board of Directors has adopted the definition of “independence” as described under the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley) Section 301, Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(the Exchange Act) and Section 803A of the NYSE MKT Company Guide.  Our Board of Directors has 
determined that Messrs. Ford and Troup, and Drs. Drake and Jones, meet the independence 
requirements. 

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services 

Audit Fees.  The aggregate fees billed and expected to be billed for professional services rendered by 
BDO USA, LLP for the audit of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements for the 2012 
fiscal year, the audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, 
the reviews of the financial statements included in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the 
2012 fiscal year, consents related to the Company’s registration statements filed during the 2012 fiscal 
year, and consulting services related to certain debt and equity instruments during the 2012 fiscal year 
were $264,790 (including direct engagement expenses).  The aggregate fees billed and expected to be 
billed for professional services rendered by BDO USA, LLP for the audit of the Company’s annual 
consolidated financial statements for the 2011 fiscal year, the audit of the Company’s internal control over 
financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, the reviews of the financial statements included in the 
Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the 2011 fiscal year, consents related to the Company’s 
registration statements filed during the 2011 fiscal year, and consulting services related to the Company’s 
sale of the GDS Business during the 2011 fiscal year were $256,617 (including direct engagement 
expenses). 

Audit-Related Fees.  No fees were billed by BDO USA, LLP for audit-related services for the 2012 or 
2011 fiscal years. 

Tax Fees.  The aggregate fees billed and expected to be billed for tax-related services rendered by BDO 
USA, LLP for the IRC Section 382 study and the review of the Company’s tax returns for the 2011 tax 
year during the 2012 fiscal year were $24,800 (including direct engagement expenses).  The aggregate 
fees billed and expected to be billed for tax-related services rendered by BDO USA, LLP for the IRC 
Section 382 study and the review of the Company’s tax returns for the 2010 tax year during the 2011 
fiscal year were $29,285 (including direct engagement expenses). 

All Other Fees.  No fees were billed by BDO USA, LLP for services other than the audit, audit-related 
and tax services for the 2012 or 2011 fiscal years. 

Pre-Approval Policy.  The Audit Committee is required to pre-approve all auditing services and 
permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed for the Company by 
its independent auditor or other registered public accounting firm, subject to the de minimis exceptions for 
permitted non-audit services described in Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
that are approved by the Audit Committee prior to completion of the audit.  The Audit Committee, through 
the function of the Chairman, has given general pre-approval for 100% of specified audit, audit-related, 
tax and other services. 

92

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART IV 

Item 15.  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 

Exhibit  
Number 

     Exhibit Description 

3.1 

3.2 

3.3 

4.1 

4.2 

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., as 
corrected February 18, 1994, and amended June 27, 1994, July 25, 1995, June 3, 1996, 
March 17, 1999, May 9, 2000, June 13, 2003, July 29, 2004, June 22, 2005, November 20, 
2006, December 26, 2007, April 30, 2009, July 27, 2009, August 2, 2010, and January 5, 
2012)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-
K filed March 7, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference). 

Certificate of Ownership Merging Neoprobe Name Change, Inc. into Neoprobe Corporation, 
effective January 5, 2012, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to 
the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 21, 2011, and incorporated 
herein by reference). 

Amended and Restated By-Laws dated July 21, 1993, as amended July 18, 1995, May 30, 
1996 and July 26, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
filed August 3, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference). 

Certificate of Designations, Voting Powers, Preferences, Limitations, Restrictions, and 
Relative Rights of Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 28, 2010). 

Certificate of Designations, Voting Powers, Preferences, Limitations, Restrictions, and 
Relative Rights of Series C 10% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 28, 2010). 

10.1  Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. Fourth Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan 
(incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 
Company’s 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, filed July 10, 2012). 

10.2   Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. Fourth 

Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 
to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 21, 2006). 

10.3   Form of Restricted Stock Award and Agreement under the Fourth Amended and Restated 

2002 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 9, 2008). 

10.4 

Form of Employment Agreement between the Company and each of Dr. Frederick O. Cope 
and Mr. Brent L. Larson. This agreement is one of two substantially identical employment 
agreements and is accompanied by a schedule which identifies material details in which each 
individual agreement differs from the form filed herewith (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 7, 2013). 

10.5 

Schedule identifying material differences between the employment agreements incorporated 
by reference as Exhibit 10.4 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 7, 2013). 

93

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
10.6 

Employment Agreement, effective April 15, 2011, by and between the Company and Mark J. 
Pykett (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed April 1, 2011). 

10.7  Relocation Agreement, dated March 30, 2011, by and between the Company and Mark J. 

Pykett (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed April 1, 2011). 

10.8 

10.9 

Employment Agreement, dated June 1 2012, between the Company and Thomas H. Tulip, 
Ph.D (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-
K filed June 7, 2012). 

Employment Agreement, effective November 1, 2012, between the Company and Cornelia 
Reininger, M.D. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed September 6, 2012). 

10.10  Separation Agreement and Release, dated March 30, 2011, between the Company and 

David C. Bupp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed April 1, 2011). 

10.11  Consulting Agreement, dated March 30, 2011, between the Company and David C. Bupp 

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed 
April 1, 2011). 

10.12  Consulting Services Agreement, dated August 3, 2011, between the Company and Eric K. 

Rowinsky, M.D. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed August 4, 2011). 

10.13  Consulting Services Agreement, dated August 27, 2012, between the Company and Eric K. 
Rowinsky, M.D. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed August 30, 2012). 

10.14  Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 2012 Cash Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to the 

Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 13, 2012). 

10.15  Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 2013 Cash Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to the 

Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2013). 

10.16  Technology Transfer Agreement, dated July 29, 1992, between the Company and The Dow 

Chemical Corporation (portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for 
confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the Commission) (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed October 15, 1992). 

10.17  Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between the Company and the National 

Cancer Institute (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3.31 to the Company’s September 
30, 1995, Form 10–QSB). 

10.18  License, dated May 1, 1996, between the Company and The Dow Chemical Company 

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3.45 to the Company’s June 30, 1996, Form 10–
QSB). 

10.19  License Agreement, dated May 1, 1996, between the Company and The Dow Chemical 

Company (portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential 
treatment and have been filed separately with the Commission) (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.3.46 to the Company’s June 30, 1996, Form 10–QSB). 

94

 
 
10.20  License Agreement, dated January 30, 2002, between the Company and the Regents of the 

University of California, San Diego, as amended on May 27, 2003 and February 1, 2006 
(portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment 
and have been filed separately with the Commission) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.11 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB filed March 31, 2006). 

10.21  Evaluation License Agreement, dated March 31, 2005, between the Company and the 

Regents of the University of California, San Diego (portions of this Exhibit have been omitted 
pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the 
Commission) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Annual Report on 
Form 10-KSB filed March 31, 2006). 

10.22  Product Supply Agreement between the Company and TriVirix International, Inc., dated 

February 5, 2004 (portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for 
confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the Commission) (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s December 31, 2004 Form 10-KSB). 

10.23  Supply and Distribution Agreement, dated November 15, 2007, between the Company and 

Cardinal Health 414, LLC (portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for 
confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the Commission) (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 21, 
2007). 

10.24  Manufacture and Supply Agreement, dated November 30, 2009, between the Company and 
Reliable Biopharmaceutical Corporation (portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant 
to a request for confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the Commission) 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s June 30, 2010 Form 10-Q). 

10.25  Sublicense Agreement, dated July 31, 2012, between Alseres Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the 

Company (portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential 
treatment and have been filed separately with the United States Securities and Exchange 
Commission)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed August 6, 2012). 

10.26  Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 31, 2012, between the Company and Alseres 

Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed August 6, 2012). 

10.27  Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 26, 2007, between the Company and 
Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 2, 2008). 

10.28  Amendment and Waiver for Securities Purchase Agreement, dated April 16, 2008, between 

the Company and Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 18, 2008). 

10.29  Agreement Modifying the Interest and Dividend Payment Dates of the Company’s Series A 
and B Promissory Notes and Series A Preferred Stock, and Exercise and Conversion Price 
Adjustment Provisions of the Company’s Series X and Y Warrants and Series A Preferred 
Stock, dated March 31, 2009, between the Company and Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, 
LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
filed April 6, 2009). 

95

 
 
10.30  Securities Amendment and Exchange Agreement, dated July 24, 2009, between the 

Company and Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 29, 2009). 

10.31  Amended and Restated Series X Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock of the 
Company issued to Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 29, 2009). 

10.32  Amendment to Series X Warrant, dated December 13, 2012, between the Company and 

Platinum Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2012). 

10.33  Wavier of Automatic Conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, dated December 
13, 2012, by and among the Company, Platinum Montaur Life Sciences, LLC, and Platinum 
Partners Value Arbitrage Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2012). 

10.34  Series AA Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock of the Company issued to 

Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 29, 2009). 

10.35  Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 26, 2007, between the Company and 
Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 2, 2008). 

10.36  Second Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 16, 2008, between the 
Company and Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 18, 2008). 

10.37  Third Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 10, 2008, between the 

Company and Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.55 to pre-effective amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 
S-1, filed July 24, 2008, Registration file No. 333-150650). 

10.38  Fourth Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 5, 2008, between the 

Company and Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 9, 2008). 

10.39  Fifth Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 21, 2009, between the 

Company and Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 22, 2009). 

10.40  Securities Exchange Agreement, dated June 22, 2010, by and between the Company and 

Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 28, 2010). 

10.41  Settlement Agreement, dated April 18, 2011, by and among Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences, 
LLC, Platinum Partners Value Arbitrage Fund, L.P. and the Company (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 18, 2011). 

10.42  Loan Agreement, dated July 25, 2012, between the Company and Platinum-Montaur Life 

Sciences LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed July 31, 2012). 

96

 
 
10.43  Promissory Note, dated July 25, 2012, made by Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. in favor of 
Platinum-Montaur Life Sciences LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 31, 2012). 

10.44  Securities Exchange Agreement, dated November 27, 2012, between the Company and 

Platinum Partners Value Arbitrage Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to 
the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 3, 2012). 

10.45  Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 7, 2010, by and among the Company and 

each purchaser identified on the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 12, 2010). 

10.46  Form of Series EE Common Stock Purchase Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 

10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 12, 2010). 

10.47  Underwriting Agreement, dated January 29, 2013, between the Company and Ladenburg 
Thalmann & Co. Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed January 31, 2013). 

10.48  Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 24, 2011, between Devicor Medical Products, Inc. 

and the Company (portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for 
confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the SEC) (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed July 19, 
2011). 

10.49  License Agreement, dated December 9, 2011, between AstraZeneca AB and the Company 

(portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment 
and have been filed separately with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission) 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A 
filed April 11, 2012). 

10.50  Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 29, 2011, between the Company and 

Hercules Technology II, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 5, 2012). 

10.51  Series GG Warrant to Purchase Common Stock of the Company issued to Hercules 

Technology II, L.P. on December 29, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 5, 2012). 

21.1 

Subsidiaries of the registrant.* 

23.1  Consent of BDO USA, LLP.* 

24.1 

Power of Attorney.* 

31.1  Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 

2002.* 

31.2  Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 

2002.* 

32.1  Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Periodic Financial Reports pursuant to Section 906 

of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.* 

97

 
 
32.2  Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Periodic Financial Reports pursuant to Section 906 

of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.* 

101.INS 

XBRL Instance Document ** 

101.SCH 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document ** 

101.CAL 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document ** 

101.DEF 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document ** 

101.LAB 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document ** 

101.PRE 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document ** 

* 
Filed herewith. 
**  Furnished herewith. 

98

 
 
 
 
SIGNATURES 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant 
has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

Dated: March 18, 2013 

NAVIDEA BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 
(the Company) 

By:   

/s/ Mark J. Pykett 
Mark J. Pykett 
President and Chief Executive Officer 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below 
by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 

Signature 

Title 

Date 

/s/ Mark J. Pykett 
Mark J. Pykett 

/s/ Brent L. Larson* 
Brent L. Larson 

/s/ Gordon A. Troup* 
Gordon A. Troup 

/s/ Peter F. Drake* 
Peter F. Drake 

/s/ Brendan A. Ford* 
Brendan A. Ford 

/s/ Jess Emery Jones* 
Jess Emery Jones 

/s/ Eric K. Rowinsky* 
Eric K. Rowinsky 

*By: 
             Mark J. Pykett, Attorney-in-fact 

/s/ Mark J. Pykett 

Director, President and 
Chief Executive Officer  
(principal executive officer) 

Senior Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer 
(principal financial officer) 

March 18, 2013

March 18, 2013

Chairman, Director 

March 18, 2013

March 18, 2013

March 18, 2013

March 18, 2013

March 18, 2013

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________ 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

Washington, DC  20549 

________________________ 

NAVIDEA BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 

________________________ 

FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT 

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011 
and for Each of the 
Three Years in the Period Ended 
December 31, 2012 

____________________________ 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

____________________________ 

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NAVIDEA BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES 

Index to Financial Statements 

Consolidated Financial Statements of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

BDO USA, LLP  

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of 

December 31, 2012 and  2011 

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended 

December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended 

December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended 

December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements   

F-2 

F-3 

F-5 

F-6 

F-7 

F-8 

F-1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Board of Directors 
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 
Dublin, Ohio 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. as of 
December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity 
(deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012.  These financial 
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion 
on these financial statements based on our audits. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight 
Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes 
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, 
assessing the accounting principles used and the significant estimates made by management, as well as 
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis 
for our opinion. 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of 
its operations and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United States), Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 
31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control(cid:237)Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 18, 2013 
expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. 

/s/ BDO USA, LLP 

Chicago, Illinois 
March 18, 2013 

F-2 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Balance Sheets 

ASSETS 

Current assets: 
   Cash 
   Accounts receivable 
   Inventory 
   Prepaid expenses and other 

      Total current assets 

Property and equipment  
   Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 

Patents and trademarks 
   Less accumulated amortization 

Deferred debt issuance costs and other 

December 31, 
2012 

December 31, 
2011 

$          9,118,564 
17,605 
297,500 
1,183,714 

  $        28,644,004 
15,794 
821,549 
565,174 

10,617,383 

30,046,521 

2,026,895 
1,092,317 

1,441,229 
977,960 

934,578 

115,053 
22,571 

92,482 

327,954 

463,269 

106,592 
21,171 

85,421 

598,709 

         Total assets 

$        11,972,397 

  $        31,193,920 

Continued 

F-3 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Balance Sheets, continued 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY 

Current liabilities: 
   Accounts payable 
   Accrued liabilities and other 
   Notes payable, current, net of discount of $202,287 
   Derivative liabilities 

December 31, 
2012 

December 31, 
2011 

$          1,417,463 
2,016,358 
2,756,718 
-- 

  $             681,754 
2,097,786 
-- 
568,930 

      Total current liabilities 

6,190,539 

3,348,470 

Notes payable, net of discounts of $93,038 and $543,612, respectively 
Other liabilities 

6,930,112 
257,122 

6,456,388 
257,315 

         Total liabilities 

Commitments and contingencies 

Stockholders’ (deficit) equity: 
   Preferred stock; $.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 
      6,938 and 9,083 Series B shares, and 0 and 1,000 Series C shares, 
      issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively 
   Common stock; $.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 
      113,018,772 and 95,398,961 shares issued and outstanding 
      at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively 
   Additional paid-in capital 
   Accumulated deficit 

13,377,773 

10,062,173 

7 

10 

113,019 
273,039,442 
(274,557,844) 

95,399 
266,393,645 
(245,357,307) 

          Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity 

(1,405,376) 

21,131,747 

              Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity 

$        11,972,397 

  $        31,193,920 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

F-4 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Operations 

Years Ended December 31, 

2012 

2011 

2010 

Revenue 

$               78,738 

  $             597,729 

  $             617,392 

Operating expenses: 
   Research and development 
   Selling, general and administrative 
      Total operating expenses 

16,890,482 
11,177,559 
28,068,041 

15,154,365 
9,547,779 
24,702,144 

8,941,046 
4,353,136 
13,294,182 

Loss from operations 

(27,989,303) 

(24,104,415) 

(12,676,790) 

Other income (expense): 
   Interest income 
   Interest expense 
   Change in derivative liabilities 
   Loss on extinguishment of debt 
   Other 
      Total other expense, net 

Loss before income taxes 

Benefit from income taxes 

25,044 
(1,166,332) 
32,110 
-- 
(58,723) 
(1,167,901) 

25,755 
(13,330) 
(952,375) 
-- 
(3,211) 
(943,161) 

8,804 
(554,988) 
(1,336,234) 
(41,717,380) 
32,594 
(43,567,204) 

(29,157,204) 

(25,047,576) 

(56,243,994) 

-- 

7,880,143 

2,134,903 

Loss from continuing operations 

(29,157,204) 

(17,167,433) 

(54,109,091) 

Discontinued operations, net of tax effect: 
   Gain on sale – GDS Business 
   Income from operations 

-- 
-- 

19,450,891 
3,329,534 

-- 
4,144,223 

Net (loss) income 

(29,157,204) 

5,612,992 

(49,964,868) 

Preferred stock dividends 

(43,333) 

(100,000) 

(8,206,745) 

Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders 

$     (29,200,537) 

  $          5,512,992 

  $     (58,171,613) 

(Loss) income per common share (basic and diluted): 
   Continuing operations 
   Discontinued operations 
   Attributable to common stockholders 

$                (0.29) 
$                       -- 
$                (0.29) 

  $                (0.17) 
$                  0.23 
$                  0.06 

  $                (0.77) 
$                  0.05 
  $                (0.72) 

Weighted average shares outstanding: 
   Basic and diluted 

99,059,997 

90,509,326 

80,726,498 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

F-5 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) 

Preferred Stock 

Common Stock 

Shares 

Amount 

Shares 

Amount 

Additional 
Paid-In 
Capital 

  Accumulated 

Deficit 

Total 

Balance, December 31, 2009 

--

  $              --

80,936,711

  $     80,937

  $ 182,747,897

  $ (192,698,686)

  $  (9,869,852)

Issued stock in payment of interest on 
   convertible debt and dividends on 
   convertible preferred stock 
Issued stock upon exercise of 
   stock options, net 
Issued stock in connection with stock 
   purchase agreement, net of costs 
Issued stock to 401(k) plan 
Issued Series B and Series C 
   convertible preferred stock, 
   net of costs 
Cancelled restricted stock 
Issued restricted stock 
Issued warrants in connection with 
   consulting agreement 
Issued stock upon exercise of 
   warrants and other 
Issued common stock and warrants in 
   connection with direct offering, 
   net of costs 
Effect of change in terms of warrants 
Stock compensation expense 
Preferred stock dividends, including 
   deemed dividends 
Net loss 

--

--

--
--

11,000
--
--

--

--

--
--
--

--
--

--

--

--
--

11
--
--

--

--

--
--
--

--
--

347,832

350,156

660,541
53,499

--
(4,500)
660,000

--

157,778

3,157,896
--
--

--
--

348

350

661
53

--
(5)
660

--

158

3,158
--
--

--
--

476,319

(64,055)

776,797
40,570

64,636,810
5
--

279,367

316,660

4,306,793
800,878
597,672

--

--

--
--

--
--
--

--

--

--
--
--

476,667

(63,705)

777,458
40,623

64,636,821
--
660

279,367

316,818

4,309,951
800,878
597,672

--
--

(8,206,745)
(49,964,868)

(8,206,745)
(49,964,868)

Balance, December 31, 2010 

11,000

11

86,319,913

86,320

254,915,713

(250,870,299)

4,131,745

Issued restricted stock 
Cancelled restricted stock 
Issued stock to 401(k) plan 
Issued stock upon exercise of 
   warrants, net 
Issued stock upon exercise of 
   stock options, net 
Effect of change in terms of warrants 
Conversion of Series B preferred 
   stock to common stock 
Effect of beneficial conversion feature 
   of promissory note 
Stock compensation expense 
Preferred stock dividends 
Net income 

--
--
--

--

--
--

--
--
--

--

--
--

872,000
(686,000)
35,233

4,026,552

1,832,673
--

(917)

(1)

2,998,590

--
--
--
--

--
--
--
--

--
--
--
--

872
(686)
35

4,027

1,832
--

2,999

--
--
--
--

--
90
61,936

8,323,163

(2,500,055)
1,978,818

(2,998)

24,888
3,592,090
--
--

--
--
--

--

--
--

--

--
--
(100,000)
5,612,992

872
(596)
61,971

8,327,190

(2,498,223)
1,978,818

--

24,888
3,592,090
(100,000)
5,612,992

Balance, December 31, 2011 

10,083

10

95,398,961

95,399

266,393,645

(245,357,307)

21,131,747

Issued restricted stock 
Cancelled restricted stock 
Issued stock upon exercise of 
   stock options, net 
Cancelled stock upon repurchase 
   from executives 
Issued stock to 401(k) plan 
Issued stock upon exercise 
   of warrants, net 
Conversion of Series B preferred 
   stock to common stock, net 
Conversion of Series C preferred 
   stock to common stock 
Issued stock for payment of 
   sublicense fee 
Effect of change in terms of warrants 
Short-swing profit returned to 
   the Company 
Stock compensation expense 
Preferred stock dividends 
Net loss 

--
--

--

--
--

--

(2,145)

(1,000)

--
--

--
--
--
--

--
--

--

--
--

--

(2)

(1)

--
--

--
--
--
--

455,000
(600,500)

1,225,271

(37,500)
17,390

6,020,000

7,014,150

3,226,000

300,000
--

--
--
--
--

455
(601)

1,226

(37)
17

6,020

7,014

3,226

300
--

--
--
--
--

--
5

742,069

(100,838)
50,255

1,972,581

(7,012)

(3,225)

1,145,700
496,671

45,473
2,304,118
--
--

--
--

--

--
--

--

--

--

--
--

--
--
(43,333)
(29,157,204)

455
(596)

743,295

(100,875)
50,272

1,978,601

--

--

1,146,000
496,671

45,473
2,304,118
(43,333)
(29,157,204)

Balance, December 31, 2012 

6,938

  $              7

  113,018,772

  $   113,019

  $ 273,039,442

  $ (274,557,844)

  $  (1,405,376)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

F-6 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 

Cash flows from operating activities: 
   Net (loss) income 
   Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to 
      net cash used in operating activities: 
      Depreciation and amortization of equipment 
      Amortization of intangible assets 
      Loss on disposal and abandonment of assets 
      Amortization of debt discount and 
         debt offering costs 
      Issuance of common stock in payment of 
         interest and dividends 
      Stock compensation expense 
      Change in derivative liabilities 
      Loss on extinguishment of debt 
      Issuance of warrants in connection with 
         consulting agreement 
      Gain on sale of GDS Business, before income tax 
      Issuance of common stock for payment of 
         sublicense fee 
      Other 
      Change in operating assets and liabilities: 
         Accounts receivable 
         Inventory 
         Prepaid expenses and other assets 
         Accounts payable 
         Accrued liabilities and other liabilities 
         Deferred revenue 
      Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities: 
   Purchases of equipment 
   Proceeds from sales of equipment 
   Proceeds from sale of GDS Business 
   Payments of costs to sell GDS Business 
   Patent and trademark costs 
      Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities: 
   Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net 
   Payment for common stock repurchased 
      from executives 
   Payment of tax withholdings related to 
      stock-based compensation 
   Payment of stock issuance costs 
   Payment of preferred stock dividends 
   Proceeds from notes payable 
   Payment of debt issuance costs 
   Principal payments on notes payable 
   Payments under capital leases 
      Net cash provided by financing activities 

Net (decrease) increase in cash 
Cash, beginning of year  

Years Ended December 31, 

2012 

2011 

2010 

$     (29,157,204) 

  $          5,612,992 

  $     (49,964,868) 

198,822 
1,400 
2,534 

544,517 

-- 
2,304,118 
(32,110) 
-- 

175,296 
1,248 
18,645 

3,805 

-- 
3,592,090 
952,375 
-- 

-- 
-- 

-- 
(26,173,805) 

1,146,000 
61,928 

6,499 
524,049 
(385,125) 
736,109 
125,144 
-- 
(23,923,319) 

(663,348) 
-- 
-- 
-- 
(8,460) 
(671,808) 

-- 
61,971 

(219,021) 
(53,289) 
(40,204) 
(538,666) 
487,055 
109,503 
(16,010,005) 

(183,830) 
1,000 
30,159,527 
(2,765,932) 
(52,504) 
27,158,261 

215,462 
7,998 
7,476 

16,109 

476,667 
597,672 
1,336,234 
41,717,380 

279,367 
-- 

-- 
40,623 

(707,914) 
(381,382) 
39,232 
759,411 
157,899 
232,866 
(5,169,768) 

(366,629) 
-- 
-- 
-- 
(32,111) 
(398,740) 

2,724,189 

7,198,373 

7,092,163 

(100,875) 

(8,765) 
-- 
(100,000) 
4,000,000 
(153,949) 
(1,285,046) 
(5,867) 
5,069,687 

(19,525,440) 
28,644,004 

-- 

-- 

(2,762,710) 
-- 
(100,000) 
7,000,000 
(189,390) 
(62,411) 
(8,620) 
11,075,242 

22,223,498 
6,420,506 

(133,153) 
(478,111) 
(111,389) 
-- 
-- 
(8,710) 
(11,628) 
6,349,172 

780,664 
5,639,842 

Cash, end of year 

$          9,118,564 

  $        28,644,004 

  $          6,420,506 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

F-7 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

1.  Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

a.  Organization and Nature of Operations:  Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (Navidea, the Company, 
or we), a Delaware corporation, is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and 
commercialization of precision diagnostics and radiopharmaceutical agents.  Lymphoseek® 
(technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept) Injection, is a novel, receptor-targeted, small-molecule, 
investigational radiopharmaceutical used in lymphatic mapping procedures that are performed to help 
stage breast cancer and melanoma.  Lymphoseek is designed to identify the lymph nodes that drain 
from a primary tumor, which have the highest probability of harboring cancer.  As discussed in Note 
20(a), Subsequent Events, Lymphoseek was approved by the FDA on March 13, 2013.  In addition, 
we are currently developing three other radiopharmaceutical agent platforms.  The first, NAV4694, is 
an F-18 radiolabeled positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent being developed as an aid in 
the diagnosis of patients with signs or symptoms of cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer’s disease 
(AD).  The second, NAV5001 (E-IACFT), is an Iodine-123 radiolabeled single photon emission 
computed tomography (SPECT) imaging agent being developed as an aid in the diagnosis of 
Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders, with potential use as a diagnostic aid in dementia.  
The third, RIGScanTM, is a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody being developed as a diagnostic aid for 
use during surgery to help surgeons locate occult or metastatic cancer, with a primary focus on 
colorectal cancer.  These drug products are still in development and must be cleared for marketing by 
the appropriate regulatory authorities before they can be sold in any markets. 

Prior to August 2011, we also manufactured a line of gamma radiation detection equipment used in 
the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).  From July 2010 through August 2011, our 
gamma detection device products were marketed throughout most of the world through a distribution 
arrangement with Devicor Medical Products, Inc. (Devicor).  Prior to July 2010, our gamma detection 
device products were marketed through a distribution arrangement with Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. 
(EES), a Johnson & Johnson company.  In July 2010, Devicor acquired EES’ breast biopsy business, 
including an assignment of the distribution agreement with the Company.  As disclosed in Note 2, we 
sold our gamma detection device line of business (the GDS Business) to Devicor in August 2011.  
Prior to the disposal of the GDS Business, 96% of net sales were made to Devicor or EES for the 
years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. 

In 2005 we formed a new corporation, Cira Biosciences, Inc. (Cira Bio), to explore the development of 
patient-specific cellular therapies that have shown positive patient responses in a variety of clinical 
settings.  Cira Bio was formed to combine our activated cellular therapy (ACT) technology for patient-
specific oncology treatment with similar technology licensed from Cira LLC, a privately held company, 
for treating viral and autoimmune diseases.  Navidea owns approximately 90% of the outstanding 
shares of Cira Bio with the remaining shares being held by the principals of Cira LLC.  However, ACT 
is no longer under active development by Navidea. 

In July 2011, we established a European business unit, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals Limited, to 
address international development and commercialization needs for our technologies, including 
Lymphoseek.  Navidea owns 100% of the outstanding shares of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals Limited. 

b.  Principles of Consolidation:  Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Navidea, 
our wholly-owned subsidiary, Cardiosonix, and our majority-owned subsidiary, Cira Bio.  All significant 
inter-company accounts were eliminated in consolidation. 

c.  Use of Estimates:  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent 
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and 
expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

F-8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

d.  Financial Instruments and Fair Value:  The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation 

techniques used to measure fair value, giving the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active 
markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to 
unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).  The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are 
described below: 

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date 
for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; 

Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all 
significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and 

Level 3 – Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value 
measurement and unobservable. 

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input 
that is significant to the fair value measurement.  In determining the appropriate levels, we perform a 
detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities whose fair value is measured on a recurring basis.  At 
each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on 
significant unobservable inputs or instruments which trade infrequently and therefore have little or no 
price transparency are classified as Level 3.  See Note 3. 

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial 
instruments: 

(1)  Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities:  The carrying amounts 

approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. 

(2)  Notes payable:  The carrying value of our debt at December 31, 2012 is presented as the face 
amount of the notes less unamortized discounts.  The estimated fair value of our debt was 
calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis, which includes Level 3 inputs such as the 
estimated current market interest rate for similar instruments with similar creditworthiness.  At 
December 31, 2012, the fair value of our notes payable is approximately $9.7 million, which 
approximates face value.  See Note 11. 

(3)  Derivative liabilities:  Derivative liabilities are related to certain outstanding warrants which are 
recorded at fair value.  The assumptions used to calculate fair value as of December 31, 2011 
include volatility, risk-free rate and expected dividends.  In addition, we considered non-
performance risk and determined that such risk is minimal.  Unrealized gains and losses on the 
derivatives are classified in other expenses as a change in derivative liabilities in the statements of 
operations.  See Note 12. 

e.  Stock-Based Compensation:  At December 31, 2012, we have instruments outstanding under two 
stock-based compensation plans; the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the 1996 Plan) and the Fourth 
Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2002 Plan).  Currently, under the 2002 Plan, 
we may grant incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, and restricted stock awards to full-
time employees and directors, and nonqualified stock options and restricted stock awards may be 
granted to our consultants and agents.  Total shares authorized under each plan are 1.5 million shares 
and 12 million shares, respectively.  Although instruments are still outstanding under the 1996 Plan, 
the plan has expired and no new grants may be made from it.  Under both plans, the exercise price of 
each option is greater than or equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the day prior 
to the date of the grant. 

Stock options granted under the 1996 Plan and the 2002 Plan generally vest on an annual basis over 
one to four years.  Outstanding stock options under the plans, if not exercised, generally expire ten 
years from their date of grant or 90 days from the date of an optionee’s separation from employment 
with the Company.  We issue new shares of our common stock upon exercise of stock options. 

F-9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Stock-based payments to employees and directors, including grants of stock options, are recognized 
in the consolidated statement of operations based on their estimated fair values.  The fair value of 
each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing 
model.  Expected volatilities are based on the Company’s historical volatility, which management 
believes represents the most accurate basis for estimating expected future volatility under the current 
circumstances.  Navidea uses historical data to estimate forfeiture rates.  The expected term of stock 
options granted is based on the vesting period and the contractual life of the options.  The risk-free 
rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of the grant.  The assumptions used to 
calculate the fair value of stock option awards for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 
2010 are noted in the following table: 

Expected volatility 
Weighted-average volatility 
Expected dividends 
Expected term (in years) 
Risk-free rate 

2012 
63%-72% 
65% 
-- 
5.0-6.3 
0.6%-1.2% 

2011 
64%-71% 
69% 
-- 
5.3-6.3 
1.3%-2.4% 

2010 
61%-68% 
66% 
-- 
6.0-6.3 
1.7%-2.4% 

Compensation cost arising from stock-based awards is recognized as expense over either (1) the 
requisite service period or (2) the estimated performance period.  The restricted stock awards are 
valued based on the closing stock price on the date of grant and amortized ratably over the estimated 
life of the award.  Restricted stock may vest based on the passage of time, or they may vest upon 
occurrence of a specific event or achievement of goals as defined in the grant agreements.  In such 
cases, we record compensation expense related to grants of restricted stock based on management’s 
estimates of the probable dates of the vesting events.  See Note 4. 

f.  Cash and Cash Equivalents:  Cash equivalents are highly liquid instruments such as U.S. Treasury 
bills, bank certificates of deposit, corporate commercial paper and money market funds which have 
maturities of less than 3 months from the date of purchase.  The Company held no cash equivalents at 
December 31, 2012 or 2011. 

g. 

Inventory:  All components of inventory are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market.  
We adjust inventory to market value when the net realizable value is lower than the carrying cost of 
the inventory.  Market value is determined based on estimated sales activity and margins.   
From time to time, we capitalize certain inventory costs associated with our products prior to regulatory 
approval and product launch based on management’s judgment of probable future commercial use 
and net realizable value of the inventory.  We could be required to permanently write down previously 
capitalized costs related to pre-approval or pre-launch inventory upon a change in such judgment, due 
to a denial or delay of approval by regulatory bodies, a delay in commercialization, slower than 
expected sales, or other potential factors.  Conversely, our gross margins may be favorably impacted 
if some or all of the inventory previously expensed becomes available and is used for commercial sale.  
We estimate a reserve for obsolete inventory based on management’s judgment of probable future 
commercial use, which is based on an analysis of current inventory levels, historical and estimated 
future sales and production rates, and estimated shelf lives.  As discussed in Note 20(a), Subsequent 
Events, Lymphoseek was approved by the FDA on March 13, 2013.  See Note 6. 

h.  Property and Equipment:  Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation 

and amortization.  Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful 
lives of the depreciable assets ranging from 3 to 7 years, and includes amortization related to 
equipment under capital leases, which is amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the 
leased asset or the term of the lease.  Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, 
while renewals and improvements are capitalized.  See Note 7. 

i. 

Intangible Assets:  Intangible assets consist primarily of patents and trademarks.  Intangible assets 
are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization.  Patent costs are amortized using the straight-line 
method over the estimated useful lives of the patents of approximately 5 to 15 years.  Patent 
application costs are deferred pending the outcome of patent applications.  Costs associated with 

F-10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

unsuccessful patent applications and abandoned intellectual property are expensed when determined 
to have no recoverable value.  We evaluate the potential alternative uses of all intangible assets, as 
well as the recoverability of the carrying values of intangible assets, on a recurring basis. 

j. 

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets:  Long-lived assets and certain identifiable 
intangibles are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that 
the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  Recoverability of assets to be held and used 
is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted cash flows 
expected to be generated by the asset.  If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment 
recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair 
value of the assets.  Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair 
value less costs to sell.  See Note 7. 

k.  Deferred Debt Issuance Costs:  We defer costs associated with the issuance of notes payable and 
amortize those costs over the period of the notes using the effective interest method.  In 2011, we 
incurred $593,000 of debt issuance costs related to notes payable.  During 2012, 2011 and 2010, we 
recorded amortization of $296,000, $2,000 and $4,000, respectively, of deferred debt issuance costs.  
Other assets at December 31, 2012 and 2011 include net deferred debt issuance costs of $295,000 
and $591,000, respectively.  See Note 11. 

l.  Derivative Instruments:  Derivative instruments embedded in contracts, to the extent not already a 
free-standing contract, are bifurcated from the debt instrument and accounted for separately.  All 
derivatives are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value in accordance with current 
accounting guidelines for such complex financial instruments.  Derivative liabilities with expiration 
dates within one year are classified as current, while those with expiration dates in more than one year 
are classified as long term.  We do not use derivative instruments for hedging of market risks or for 
trading or speculative purposes.  See Note 12. 

m.  Revenue Recognition: We currently generate revenue primarily from grants to support various 

product development initiatives.  We generally recognize grant revenue when expenses reimbursable 
under the grants have been incurred and payments under the grants become contractually due.  We 
also recognize revenue from the reimbursement by our partners of certain expenditures for which the 
Company has principal responsibility. 

n.  Research and Development Costs:  All costs related to research and development activities are 

expensed as incurred. 

o. 

Income Taxes:  Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.  Deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences 
between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective 
tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are 
measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those 
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and 
liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment 
date.  Due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of the deferred tax assets in future tax returns, 
all of the deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance at December 31, 2012 
and 2011. 

Estimated tax liabilities of $6.7 million related to the gain on the sale of discontinued operations and 
$1.2 million related to income from discontinued operations were fully offset by an estimated tax 
benefit of $7.9 million related to the loss from continuing operations during 2011.  Estimated tax 
liabilities of $2.1 million related to income from discontinued operations were fully offset by an 
estimated tax benefit of $2.1 million related to the loss from continuing operations during 2010.  See 
Note 14. 

Current accounting standards include guidance on the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes 
recognized in the financial statements.  Such standards also prescribe a recognition threshold and 

F-11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

measurement model for the financial statement recognition of a tax position taken, or expected to be 
taken, and provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in 
interim periods, disclosure and transition.  The Company believes that the ultimate deductibility of all 
tax positions is highly certain, although there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility.  As a 
result, no liability for uncertain tax positions was recorded as of December 31, 2012 or 2011 and we 
do not expect any significant changes in the next twelve months.  Should we need to accrue interest 
or penalties on uncertain tax positions, we would recognize the interest as interest expense and the 
penalties as a selling, general and administrative expense.  As of December 31, 2012, tax years 2009-
2012 remained subject to examination by federal and state tax authorities. 

p.  Recent Accounting Developments:  In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board 

(FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 
(ASU) No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair 
Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs (ASU 2011-04).  ASU 
2011-04 created a uniform framework for applying fair value measurement principles for companies 
around the world and clarified existing guidance in US GAAP.  ASU 2011-04 was effective for interim 
and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and was applied prospectively.   
ASU 2011-04 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. 

2.  Discontinued Operations 

In August 2011, we completed the sale of the GDS Business to Devicor under the terms of the APA that 
was signed in May 2011.  Devicor made an initial cash payment to us of $30.0 million, assumed certain 
liabilities of the Company associated with the GDS Business as specified in the APA, and agreed to make 
royalty payments to us of up to an aggregate maximum amount of $20.0 million based on the net revenue 
attributable to the GDS Business over the course of the next six fiscal years beginning in 2012.  The final 
sale price of $30.3 million includes the initial cash payment of $30.0 million and an additional cash 
payment related to a net working capital adjustment of $338,000.  The proceeds were offset by $2.8 
million in investment banking, legal and other fees related to the sale and $2.4 million in net balance sheet 
dispositions and write-offs. 

In December 2011, we disposed of the extended warranty contracts related to the GDS Business, which 
were outstanding as of the date of the sale of the GDS Business but were not included in the August 2011 
transaction.  In exchange for transferring the liability related to the extended warranty contracts, which was 
previously recorded as deferred revenue, we made a cash payment to Devicor of $178,000. At the time of 
the transfer, we had current and deferred revenue reflected in our financial statements which was being 
amortized into income on a pro-rata basis over the life of the contracts.  As a result of the transfer of 
obligations to Devicor, we recognized the unamortized deferred revenue of $1.2 million of non-cash 
income. 

We recorded a net gain on the sale of the GDS business and disposal of the related extended warranty 
contracts of $26.2 million in 2011, which was reduced by estimated tax expense of $6.7 million during 
2011. 

During 2011 and 2010, we wrote off $1,000 and $65,000, respectively, of excess and obsolete gamma 
detection device materials. 

Deferred revenue consists primarily of non-refundable license fees and reimbursement of past research 
and development expenses which EES paid us as consideration for extending our distribution agreement 
with them in prior years.  During 2011 and 2010, we recognized license revenue of $63,000 and $100,000, 
respectively.  The unearned license revenue remaining at the date of the sale of the GDS Business was 
written off as part of the gain on the sale.  In addition, deferred revenue includes revenues from the sale of 
extended warranties covering our medical devices over periods of one to five years.  Prior to the disposal 
of the extended warranty contracts, we recognized revenue from extended warranty sales on a pro-rata 
basis over the period covered by the extended warranty. 

F-12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

We reclassified revenues and expenses related to discontinued operations for all periods presented.  The 
following amounts, as well as the $26.2 million gain on the sale of the GDS Business and disposal of the 
related extended warranty contracts, have been segregated from continuing operations and included in 
discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations: 

Net sales 
Cost of goods sold 
   Gross profit 

Operating expenses: 
   Research and development 
   Selling, general and administrative 
      Total operating expenses 

Other expense, net 
Income taxes 

Years Ended December 31, 

2011 

2010 

$       7,684,689 
2,324,427 
5,360,262 

$     10,140,476
3,230,575
6,909,901

564,194 
308,220 
872,414 

371,794
258,452
630,246

(1,084) 
(1,157,230) 

(529)
(2,134,903)

Income from discontinued operations 

$       3,329,534 

$       4,144,223

Subsequent to the sale of the GDS Business, the Company re-evaluated its segment disclosures and 
determined that our radiopharmaceutical products under development constitute our only current line of 
business. 

3.  Fair Value Hierarchy 

There were no financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 
2012.  The following table sets forth, by level, financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring 
basis as of December 31, 2011: 

Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of December 31, 2011 

  Quoted Prices 

in Active 
Markets for 
Identical 
Assets and 
Liabilities 
(Level 1)

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3)

Balance as of 
December 31, 
2011

$                    -- 

  $         568,930 

  $                    -- 

  $           568,930 

Description 
Liabilities: 
Derivative liabilities 
   related to warrants, 
   current 

There were no Level 1 liabilities outstanding at any time during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 
2011.  A total of $484,419 and $1,978,818 of our Level 2 liabilities were reclassified to equity related to 
modifying certain outstanding warrants to remove the language that had previously required them to be 
classified as derivative liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. 

There were no Level 3 liabilities outstanding at any time during the years ended December 31, 2012 or 
2011. 

F-13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

4.  Stock-Based Compensation 

For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, our total stock-based compensation expense 
was approximately $2.3 million, $3.6 million and $598,000, respectively.  We have not recorded any 
income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 
and 2010. 

A summary of the status of our stock options as of December 31, 2012, and changes during the year then 
ended, is presented below: 

Year Ended December 31, 2012 

Number of 
Options 
3,315,000
1,351,027
(1,232,001)
(12,249)
(9,000)
3,412,777

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 
$ 1.02 
3.16 
0.62 
2.18 
1.73 
$ 2.01 

Weighted 
Average 
Remaining 
Contractual 
Life 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value 

6.8 years 

$ 3,530,862

Outstanding at beginning of year 
Granted 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Expired 
Outstanding at end of year 

Exercisable at end of year 

1,836,237

$ 1.10 

4.9 years 

$ 3,271,747

The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted in 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $1.86, $2.22 
and $1.13, respectively.  During 2012, 1,232,001 stock options with an aggregate intrinsic value of 
$3,360,686 were exercised in exchange for issuance of 1,225,270 shares of our common stock, resulting 
in gross proceeds of $752,060.  During 2011, 2,697,833 stock options with an aggregate intrinsic value of 
$9,620,085 were exercised in exchange for issuance of 1,832,673 shares of our common stock, resulting 
in gross proceeds of $225,010.  During 2010, 491,667 stock options with an aggregate intrinsic value of 
$697,662 were exercised in exchange for issuance of 350,156 shares of our common stock, resulting in 
gross proceeds of $32,550.  During 2012, 2011 and 2010, we paid tax withholdings related to stock 
options exercised of $9,000, $2.8 million and $133,000, respectively.  During 2012, 2011 and 2010, the 
aggregate fair value of stock options vested was $460,000, $998,000 and $379,000, respectively. 

A summary of the status of our unvested restricted stock as of December 31, 2012, and changes during 
the year then ended, is presented below: 

Year Ended 
December 31, 2012 

Number of 
Shares 
1,556,000
405,000
(30,000)
--
(596,000)
1,335,000

Weighted 
Average 
Grant-Date 
Fair Value 
$ 2.48 
3.14 
2.86 
-- 
3.36 
$ 2.28 

Unvested at beginning of year 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Expired 
Unvested at end of year 

During 2012 and 2011, 30,000 and 1,050,000 shares, respectively, of restricted stock vested with 
aggregate fair values of $85,000 and $4.2 million, respectively.  No restricted stock vested during 2010. 

F-14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

As of December 31, 2012, there was approximately $2.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost 
related to stock option and restricted stock awards, which we expect to recognize over remaining weighted 
average vesting terms of 2.0 years.  See Note 1(e). 

5.  Earnings Per Share 

Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common 
stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and, except for periods with a loss from 
operations, participating securities outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects 
additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been 
issued.  Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company include convertible securities, 
options and warrants. 

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the years 
ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010: 

Net (loss) income 
Preferred stock dividends 
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders 

Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted) 
(Loss) income per common share (basic and diluted) 

2012
$  (29,157,204)
(43,333)
$  (29,200,537)

Years Ended December 31, 
2011 

2010

  $       5,612,992   $  (49,964,868)
(8,206,745)
  $       5,512,992   $  (58,171,613)

(100,000)

99,059,997  

$             (0.29)

90,509,326  

80,726,498
  $                0.06   $             (0.72)

Earnings (loss) per common share for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 excludes the 
effects of 38.4 million, 55.7 million and 64.1 million common share equivalents, respectively, since such 
inclusion would be anti-dilutive.  The excluded shares consist of common shares issuable upon exercise of 
outstanding stock options and warrants, and upon the conversion of convertible debt and convertible 
preferred stock. 

The Company’s unvested stock awards contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, 
whether paid or unpaid (referred to as “participating securities”).  Therefore, the unvested stock awards 
are required to be included in the number of shares outstanding for both basic and diluted earnings per 
share calculations.  However, due to our loss from continuing operations, 1,335,000, 1,556,000 and 
2,374,500 shares of unvested restricted stock were excluded in determining basic and diluted loss per 
share for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, because such inclusion 
would be anti-dilutive. 

6. 

Inventory 

The components of net inventory at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows: 

Pharmaceutical materials 
Pharmaceutical work-in-process 

2012 
$     297,500
--

$     297,500  

2011 
$     482,000 
339,549 
$     821,549 

During 2012 and 2011, we capitalized $525,000 and $213,000, respectively, of inventory costs associated 
with our Lymphoseek product.  During 2012, we wrote off $741,000 of previously capitalized Lymphoseek 
inventory due to changes in our projections of the probability of future commercial use for the specific lots 
previously capitalized or the consumption of the Lymphoseek material in previously unanticipated product 
development activities. 

F-15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

We estimate a reserve for obsolete inventory based on management’s judgment of probable future 
commercial use, which is based on an analysis of current inventory levels, historical and estimated future 
sales and production rates, and estimated shelf lives.  During 2012, we recorded an obsolescence reserve 
for $308,000 of Lymphoseek inventory based on delays in U.S. regulatory approval impacting the timing of 
future commercial use of the specific lots previously capitalized. 

7.  Property and Equipment 

The major classes of property and equipment are as follows: 

Production machinery and equipment 
Other machinery and equipment, primarily 
   computers and research equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 
Software 
Leasehold improvements 

Useful Life 
5 years 

2012 
$    397,643 

2011 

  $    218,205

3 – 5 years 
7 years 
3 years 
Life of Lease1 

581,409 
439,716 
471,811 
136,316 
$ 2,026,895 

399,587
416,005
305,282
102,150
  $ 1,441,229

1 We amortize leasehold improvements over the life of the lease, which in all cases is shorter than the 
estimated useful life of the asset. 

Property and equipment includes $30,000 and $20,000 of equipment under capital leases with 
accumulated amortization of $16,000 and $11,000 at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  During 
2012, 2011 and 2010, we recorded $199,000, $117,000 and $102,000, respectively, of depreciation and 
amortization related to property and equipment. 

8.  Accrued Liabilities and Other 

Accrued liabilities and other at December 31, 2012 and 2011 consist of the following: 

Contracted services 
Compensation 
Other 

9.  Separation of Former CEO 

2012 
$  1,183,805
762,266
70,287
$  2,016,358

2011 
$     969,150 
953,641 
174,995 
$  2,097,786 

In March 2011, Navidea announced the departure of our then-current President and CEO, David C. Bupp, 
effective April 15, 2011.  The following table summarizes accrued expenses as of December 31, 2012 and 
2011, including employer payroll tax obligations, related to the provisions of Mr. Bupp’s separation 
agreement: 

Separation 
Pro-rated 2011 bonus 
Estimated cost of continuing healthcare coverage 

As of December 31, 

2012 
$                --
--
24,747
$       24,747

2011 
$     180,074 
60,870 
61,875 
$     302,819 

F-16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

10.  Convertible Securities 

In June 2010, we entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement with Platinum Montaur Life Sciences, 
LLC (Montaur), pursuant to which Montaur exchanged their 10% Series A Convertible Senior Secured 
Promissory Note with an outstanding principal amount of $7,000,000, their 10% Series B Convertible 
Senior Secured Promissory Note with an outstanding principal amount of $3,000,000, and their 3,000 
shares of 8% Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock for 10,000 shares of Series B Convertible 
Preferred Stock (the Series B Preferred Stock), convertible into 32,700,000 shares of common stock.  The 
Series B Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of Montaur and carries no dividend requirement.  In 
the event of the liquidation of the Company, the holders of shares of the Series B Preferred Stock have 
preference over the common stock.  After payment of the full liquidation preference amount to which each 
holder is entitled, such holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock will not be entitled to any further 
participation as such in any distribution of the assets of the Company.  As consideration for the exchange, 
the Company issued additional Series B Preferred Stock which is convertible into 1.3 million shares of 
common stock.   

Also in June 2010, we entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement with David C. Bupp, then our 
President and CEO, and certain members of his family (the Bupp Investors), pursuant to which the Bupp 
Investors exchanged their 10% Convertible Secured Promissory Note with an outstanding principal 
amount of $1,000,000 for 1,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (the Series C Preferred 
Stock), convertible into 3,226,000 shares of common stock.  The Series C Preferred Stock had a 10% 
dividend rate and participated equally with our common stock in liquidation proceeds based upon the 
number of common shares into which the Series C Preferred Stock was convertible.  The exchange of the 
Montaur Notes, the Series A Preferred Stock and the Bupp Note were treated as extinguishments for 
accounting purposes.  As a result, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $41.7 
million, including the write-off of $966,000 in put option derivative liabilities, and recorded a deemed 
dividend of $8.0 million during the second quarter of 2010.  As a result of these exchange transactions, all 
security interests in the Company’s assets held by Montaur and the Bupp Investors were extinguished. 

In May 2011, Montaur converted 917 shares of their Series B Preferred Stock into 2,998,590 shares of our 
common stock under the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock.  In July 2012, Montaur converted 3,063 
shares of their Series B Preferred Stock into 10,016,010 shares of our common stock under the terms of 
the Series B Preferred Stock.  In November 2012, we entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement with 
Platinum Partners Value Arbitrage Fund, L.P. (Platinum), an affiliate of Montaur, pursuant to which 
Platinum exchanged 3,001,860 shares of our common stock owned by Platinum for 918 shares of our 
Series B Preferred Stock.  As of December 31, 2012, there are 6,938 shares of Series B Preferred Stock 
outstanding which are convertible into 22,687,260 shares of our common stock. 

In December 2012, we entered into a Waiver Agreement (the Waiver) pursuant to which Montaur and 
Platinum, as the sole holders of the Series B Preferred Stock, agreed to irrevocably waive the provisions 
set forth in the certificate of designations for the Series B Preferred Stock (the Certificate) which provided 
that all outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock would automatically convert into shares of common 
stock on December 31, 2012.  The Waiver will remain in effect until December 31, 2013, upon which date 
all outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock will automatically convert into common stock pursuant 
to the terms of the Certificate.  In addition, we amended the terms of Montaur’s Series X warrant to extend 
the expiration date from April 16, 2013 to December 31, 2013.  Also in December 2012, the Series C 
Preferred Stock held by the Bupp Investors automatically converted into 3,226,000 shares of our common 
stock under the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock. 

During the year ended December 31, 2010, we recorded interest expense of $16,000 related to 
amortization of the debt discounts and deferred financing costs related to our convertible securities. 

11.  Notes Payable 

In December 2011, we executed a Loan and Security Agreement (the Loan Agreement) with Hercules 
Technology II, L.P. (Hercules), providing for a maximum borrowing of $10 million by the Company in two 
advances.  Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, we issued Hercules: (1) a Secured Term Promissory Note in 

F-17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

the principal amount of $7,000,000 (the First Advance), bearing interest at the greater of either (a) the U.S. 
Prime Rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal plus 6.75%, or (b) 10.0% (effective interest rate at 
December 31, 2012 was 10.0%), and (2) a Series GG warrant to purchase 333,333 shares of our common 
stock at an exercise price of $2.10 per share, expiring in December 2016 (the Series GG Warrant).  
Additionally, the Loan Agreement provided Navidea with the option to draw a second advance in the 
principal amount of $3,000,000 if certain conditions were met by June 30, 2012.  Such conditions were not 
met and Hercules no longer has an obligation to provide the additional $3,000,000.  The Loan Agreement 
provided for an interest-only period beginning on December 29, 2011 and expiring on July 1, 2012.  The 
principal and interest is to be repaid in 30 equal monthly installments, payable on the first of each month 
following the expiration of the interest-only period.  As such, a portion of the principal, net of related 
discounts, has been classified as a current liability as of December 31, 2012.  The outstanding balance of 
the debt is due December 1, 2014.  Navidea has the option to pay up to $1.5 million of the principal 
amount of the debt in stock at a fixed conversion price of $2.77, subject to certain conditions.  In addition, 
Hercules has the option to elect payment for up to another $1.5 million of the principal amount of the debt 
by conversion at a fixed conversion price of $2.77.  The debt is collateralized by a security interest in 
substantially all of the Company’s assets except for intellectual property, as to which the security interest is 
in rights to income or proceeds from the sale or licensing thereof.  The Loan Agreement also specifies 
certain covenants including the requirement that Navidea provide certain information, such as financial 
statements and budgets, on a periodic basis.  As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with all 
such covenants. 

In accordance with current accounting standards, Hercules’ option to convert up to $1.5 million of the debt 
into stock was evaluated and determined to be a beneficial conversion feature.  The beneficial conversion 
feature of $24,888 was recorded as a discount on the First Advance based on the market price of the 
Company’s stock on the date of the Loan Agreement.  In addition, the Series GG warrant was accounted 
for as a liability at origination due to the existence of certain provisions in the instrument which remained in 
effect for the first 365 days the warrant was outstanding.  As a result, we recorded a current derivative 
liability with an estimated fair value of $520,478 on the date of issuance of the Series GG warrant.  The 
estimated fair value of the Series GG warrant was recorded as a discount on the First Advance.  Navidea 
paid total debt issuance costs of $593,339 including origination, legal, and other costs related to the loan.  
The total aggregate discounts on the First Advance of $545,366 and the debt issuance costs of $593,339 
are being amortized as non-cash interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 
Loan Agreement. 

During 2012, we paid $1.3 million of principal payments on our note payable to Hercules.  As of December 
31, 2012, the remaining outstanding principal balance of the Hercules debt was approximately $5.7 million.  
During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recorded interest expense of $545,000 and 
$4,000, respectively, related to amortization of the debt discounts and deferred financing costs related to 
our convertible notes. 

In July 2012, we entered into an agreement with Montaur to provide us with a credit facility of up to $50 
million.  Under the terms of the agreement, Montaur committed to extend up to $15 million in debt, which is 
available immediately, to the Company at an interest rate equal to the greater of (a) the U.S. Prime Rate 
as reported in the Wall Street Journal plus 6.75%; (b) 10.0%; or (c) the highest rate of interest then 
payable pursuant to the Hercules Loan Agreement plus 0.125% (effective interest rate at December 31, 
2012 was 10.125%).  Montaur has committed an additional $20 million upon FDA approval of Lymphoseek 
on consistent terms, with another $15 million potentially available on terms to be negotiated.  As discussed 
in Note 20(a), Subsequent Events, Lymphoseek was approved by the FDA on March 13, 2013.  Principal 
amounts are due the earlier of two years from the date of draw or June 30, 2016.  No conversion features 
or warrants are associated with the facility. 

During 2012, we drew a total of $4.0 million under the credit facility and recorded interest expense of 
$15,000.  As of December 31, 2012, the total principal amount due under the credit facility was $4.0 
million. 

Annual principal maturities of our notes payable are $2.7 million and $7.0 million in 2013 and 2014, 
respectively. 

F-18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

12.  Derivative Instruments 

Certain embedded features of our convertible securities and notes payable, as well as warrants to 
purchase our common stock, are treated as derivative liabilities.  We do not use derivative instruments for 
hedging of market risks or for trading or speculative purposes. 

In June 2010, we entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement with Montaur, pursuant to which Montaur 
exchanged the Montaur Notes and the Series A Preferred Stock for 10,000 shares of Series B Convertible 
Preferred Stock.  As a result of this exchange transaction, the Company wrote off $966,000 in put option 
derivative liabilities during the second quarter of 2010. 

In November 2010, we entered into agreements with certain institutional investors, pursuant to which the 
investors purchased $6.0 million of our common stock at $1.90 per share.  In addition to the common 
stock, we issued two series of warrants to the investors: (1) one-year Series CC warrants to purchase 
1,578,948 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.11 per share, and (2) two-year Series 
DD warrants to purchase 1,578,948 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.11 per share.  
The Series CC and Series DD warrants originally contained language that required Navidea to classify the 
warrants as derivative liabilities, and we recorded them at their estimated fair values totaling $1.2 million.  
In December 2010, a portion of the Series CC and Series DD warrants were modified to remove the 
language that had previously required them to be classified as derivative liabilities.  As a result of the 
modification of certain of the Series CC and Series DD warrants, we reclassified $801,000 in derivative 
liabilities related to those warrants to additional paid-in capital after marking the liabilities to market. 

During 2010, 120,000 Series V warrants and 60,000 Series Z warrants were exercised.  The Company 
reclassified $280,000 in derivative liabilities related to these warrants to additional paid-in capital. 

In January 2011, certain Series V warrants were modified to remove the language that had previously 
required them to be classified as derivative liabilities.  As a result of the modification of the Series V 
warrants, we reclassified $1.4 million in derivative liabilities related to those warrants to additional paid-in 
capital during the first quarter of 2011.  Also in January 2011, certain Series CC and Series DD warrants 
were modified to remove the language that had previously required them to be classified as derivative 
liabilities.  As a result of the modification of the Series CC and Series DD warrants, we reclassified 
$549,000 in derivative liabilities related to those warrants to additional paid-in capital during the first 
quarter of 2011. 

During 2011, Mr. Bupp and certain members of his family exercised 810,000 Series V warrants in 
exchange for issuance of 810,000 shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $255,600.  
The net effect of marking the derivative liabilities related to the exercised Series V warrants to market 
resulted in net increases in the estimated fair values of the derivative liabilities of $119,000, which were 
recorded as non-cash expense.  As a result of the Series V warrant exercises, we reclassified $96,000 in 
derivative liabilities related to those warrants to additional paid-in capital.   

Also during 2011, the holders of 60,000 Series Z warrants exercised them on a cashless basis in 
exchange for issuance of 46,902 shares of our common stock.  The net effect of marking the derivative 
liabilities related to the exercised Series Z warrants to market resulted in net increases in the estimated fair 
values of the derivative liabilities of $79,000, which were recorded as non-cash expense.  As a result of 
the Series Z warrant exercises, we reclassified $164,000 in derivative liabilities related to those warrants to 
additional paid-in capital. 

In addition, the holders of Series CC warrants exercised them during 2011 in exchange for issuance of 
1,578,948 shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $3,331,580.  Further, the holders of 
Series DD warrants exercised them during 2011 in exchange for issuance of 1,578,948 shares of our 
common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $3,331,580.  The net effect of marking the derivative 
liabilities related to the exercised Series CC and Series DD warrants to market resulted in net increases in 
the estimated fair values of the derivative liabilities of $752,000, which were recorded as non-cash 
expense.  As a result of the Series CC and Series DD warrant exercises, we reclassified $1.1 million in 
derivative liabilities related to those warrants to additional paid-in capital. 

F-19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

In December 2011, in connection with entering into the Loan Agreement with Hercules, we issued a Series 
GG warrant to purchase 333,333 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.10 per share, 
expiring in December 2016.  The Series GG warrant was accounted for as a liability at origination due to 
the existence of certain price reset provisions in the instrument which remained in effect for the first 365 
days the warrant was outstanding.  As a result, we recorded a current derivative liability with an estimated 
fair value of $520,478 on the date of issuance of the Series GG warrant.  The net effect of marking the 
Series GG warrants to market during 2012 resulted in net decreases in the estimated fair value of the 
derivative liability of $38,000, which were recorded as non-cash income.  In December 2012, the 
provisions of the Series GG warrant that resulted in treatment of the instrument as a derivative liability 
expired.  As a result of the expiration of such provisions of the Series GG warrant, we reclassified 
$484,000 in derivative liabilities related to those warrants to additional paid-in capital.  See Note 11. 

During 2012, the holder of 20,000 Series V warrants exercised them in exchange for issuance of 20,000 
shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $6,200.  As a result of the Series V warrant 
exercise, we reclassified $52,000 in derivative liabilities related to those warrants to additional paid-in 
capital.   

Changes in the estimated fair values of our derivative liabilities are recorded in the consolidated statement 
of operations.  The net effect of marking our derivative liabilities to market during the years ended 
December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 resulted in net (decreases) increases in non-cash (income) expense 
of ($32,000), $952,000 and $1.3 million.  The total estimated fair value of our derivative liabilities was 
$569,000 and $2.5 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  No derivative liabilities were 
outstanding as of December 31, 2012. 

13.  Equity 

a.  Common Stock Purchase Agreement:  In March 2010, we sold to Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC 

(Fusion Capital), an Illinois limited liability company, 540,541 shares for proceeds of $1.0 million under 
a common stock purchase agreement, as amended.  In connection with this sale, we issued 120,000 
shares of our common stock to Fusion Capital as an additional commitment fee.  The agreement with 
Fusion Capital expired on March 1, 2011. 

b.  Stock Warrants:  At December 31, 2012, there are 11.5 million warrants outstanding to purchase our 
common stock.  The warrants are exercisable at prices ranging from $0.46 to $2.375 per share with a 
weighted average exercise price per share of $0.68. 

The following table summarizes information about our outstanding warrants at December 31, 2012: 

Series X 
Series AA 
Series BB 
Series EE 
Series FF 
Series GG 

Exercise 
Price 
$ 0.46 
0.97 
2.00 
2.375 
1.97 
2.10 
$ 0.68 

Number of 
Warrants 

8,333,333
2,400,000
300,000
134,211
30,000
333,333
11,530,877

Expiration Date 
December 2013 
July 2014 
July 2015 
August 2015 
December 2015 
December 2016 

During 2010, a Bupp Investor exercised 120,000 Series V warrants in exchange for issuance of 
120,000 shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $37,200.  Also during 2010, 
certain outside investors exercised a total of 60,000 Series Z warrants on a cashless basis in 
exchange for issuance of 37,778 shares of our common stock. 

In July 2010, we issued five-year Series BB Warrants to purchase 300,000 shares of our common 
stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share to an investment advisory firm in connection with a 
consulting agreement. 

F-20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

During 2012, Montaur exercised 6,000,000 Series W warrants in exchange for issuance of 6,000,000 
shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $1,920,000. 

See Note 12 for a discussion of Series V, Series Z, Series CC, and Series DD warrant transactions 
during 2012. 

c.  Common Stock Reserved:  As of December 31, 2012, we have reserved 38,713,946 shares of 

authorized common stock for the exercise of all outstanding options, warrants, convertible preferred 
stock and convertible debt. 

14.  Income Taxes 

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, our deferred tax assets were approximately $33.7 million and $37.7 
million, respectively.  The components of our deferred tax assets are summarized as follows: 

As of December 31, 

2012 

2011 

Deferred tax assets: 
   Net operating loss carryforwards 
   R&D credit carryforwards 
   Temporary differences 
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 
Valuation allowance 
Net deferred tax assets 

$  24,767,569
6,546,049
2,408,108
33,721,726
(33,721,726)
$                 --

$  29,701,483 
7,610,672 
371,610 
37,683,765 
(37,683,765) 
$                 -- 

Current accounting standards require a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets if, based on the 
weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets may not 
be realized.  Due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of these deferred tax assets in future tax 
returns, all of the deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance at December 31, 
2012 and 2011. 

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than 
not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  The ultimate realization of 
deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which 
those temporary differences become deductible.  Management considers the scheduled reversal of 
deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carryback and carryforward periods), projected 
future taxable income, and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment.  Based upon the level of 
historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred 
tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize 
the benefits of these deductible differences or tax carryforwards as of December 31, 2012. 

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we had U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $80.9 
million and $74.1 million, respectively.  Of that amount, $14.1 million and $9.1 million relates to stock-
based compensation tax deductions in excess of book compensation expense (APIC NOLs) as of 
December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, that will be credited to additional paid-in capital when such 
deductions reduce taxes payable as determined on a "with-and-without" basis.  Accordingly, these APIC 
NOLs will reduce federal taxes payable if realized in future periods, but NOLs related to such benefits are 
not included in the table above. 

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, we had U.S. R&D credit carryforwards of approximately $6.5 million and 
$7.6 million, respectively. 

F-21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of $20.8 million and $16.6 million and R&D credit carryforwards of 
$1.1 million and $346,000 expired during 2012 and 2011, respectively.  The details of our U.S. net 
operating loss and R&D credit carryforward amounts and expiration dates are summarized as follows: 

As of December 31, 2012 

U.S. Net 
Operating 
Loss 
Carryforwards 
$     17,142,781
--
--
--
1,282,447
337,714
1,237,146
3,246,062
3,127,238
2,863,443
2,826,656
13,753,769
5,425,105
1,904,744
27,744,687

$     80,891,792  

U.S. R&D 
Credit 
Carryforwards 
$       1,173,387 
130,359 
71,713 
39,128 
5,350 
2,905 
22,861 
218,332 
365,541 
342,898 
531,539 
596,843 
1,094,449 
1,950,744 
-- 
$       6,546,049  

Generated  Expiration 
1998 
1999 
2000 
2001 
2002 
2003 
2004 
2005 
2006 
2007 
2008 
2009 
2010 
2011 
2012 

2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
Total carryforwards

The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (the Act) cleared the House of Representatives and the Senate 
on January 2, 2013 and was signed into law by President Obama on January 2, 2013.  The credit for 
certain research and experimentation expenses expired at the end of 2011.  The act retroactively extends 
the credit through the end of 2013.  Under current accounting guidelines, the effects of new legislation are 
recognized upon enactment and as such the Company has not included a 2012 R&D tax credit in the 
above table. 

During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, Cardiosonix recorded losses for financial 
reporting purposes of $14,000, $19,000 and $15,000, respectively.  As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, 
Cardiosonix had tax loss carryforwards in Israel of approximately $7.6 million.  Under current Israeli tax 
law, net operating loss carryforwards do not expire.  Due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of 
the related deferred tax assets in future tax returns, all of the deferred tax assets have been fully offset by 
a valuation allowance at December 31, 2012 and 2011. 

Under Sections 382 and 383 of the IRC of 1986, as amended, the utilization of U.S. net operating loss and 
R&D tax credit carryforwards may be limited under the change in stock ownership rules of the IRC.  During 
2010, we completed a Section 382 study and concluded that a Section 382 ownership change has not 
occurred.  Based on changes in the Company’s ownership in 2011 and 2012, we do not believe a Section 
382 ownership change has occurred in such years that would impact utilization of the Company’s net 
operating loss and R&D tax credit carryforwards. 

Reconciliations between the statutory federal income tax rate and our effective tax rate for continuing 
operations are as follows: 

Benefit at statutory rate 
Adjustments to valuation allowance 
Loss on extinguishment of debt 
Permanent items and other 
Benefit per financial statements 

Years Ended December 31, 
2011 

2010 

% 
(34.0%)
--
--
2.5%  

Amount 
  $ (19,122,958)

3,410,056  
14,179,468  
(601,469)
  $   (2,134,903)

% 
(34.0%)
6.1%
25.2%
(1.1%)

2012 

Amount 
$   (9,913,450)

% 
(34.0%)

9,668,770  

--

244,680  

33.2%  
--
0.8%  

Amount 
  $   (8,516,176)
--
--

636,033  

$                   --

  $   (7,880,143)

F-22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

15.  Agreements 

a.  Supply Agreements:  In November 2009, we entered into a manufacture and supply agreement with 
Reliable Biopharmaceutical Corporation (Reliable) for the manufacture and supply of the Lymphoseek 
drug substance.  The initial ten-year term of the agreement expires in November 2019, with options to 
extend the agreement for successive three-year terms.  Either party has the right to terminate the 
agreement upon mutual written agreement, or upon material breach by the other party which is not 
cured within 60 days from the date of written notice of the breach.  Total purchases under the 
manufacture and supply agreement were $939,000, $544,000 and $1.0 million for the years ended 
December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.  As of December 31, 2012, we have issued purchase orders 
under the agreement with Reliable for $119,000 of our products for delivery through December 2013. 

b.  Research and Development Agreements:  During January 2002, we completed a license agreement 

with the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) for Lymphoseek, a proprietary compound that we 
believe can be used as a lymph node locating agent in SLNB procedures.  The license agreement is 
effective until the later of the expiration date of the longest-lived underlying patent or January 30, 
2023.  Under the terms of the license agreement, UCSD has granted us the exclusive rights to make, 
use, sell, offer for sale and import licensed products as defined in the agreement and to practice the 
defined licensed methods during the term of the agreement.  In consideration for the license rights, we 
agreed to pay UCSD a license issue fee of $25,000 and license maintenance fees of $25,000 per 
year.  We also agreed to pay UCSD milestone payments related to commencement of clinical trials 
and successful regulatory clearance for marketing of the licensed products, a 5% royalty on net sales 
of licensed products subject to a $25,000 minimum annual royalty, fifty percent of all sublicense fees 
and fifty percent of sublicense royalties.  We also agreed to reimburse UCSD for all patent-related 
costs.  Total costs related to the UCSD license agreement were $33,000, $98,000 and $36,000 in 
2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and were recorded in research and development expenses. 

During April 2008, we completed a license agreement with UCSD for an expanded field of use 
allowing Lymphoseek to be developed as an optical or ultrasound agent.  The license agreement is 
effective until the expiration date of the longest-lived underlying patent.  Under the terms of the license 
agreement, UCSD has granted us the exclusive rights to make, use, sell, offer for sale and import 
licensed products as defined in the agreement and to practice the defined licensed methods during the 
term of the agreement.  We may also sublicense the patent rights, subject to certain sublicense terms 
as defined in the agreement.  In consideration for the license rights, we agreed to pay UCSD a license 
issue fee of $25,000 and license maintenance fees of $25,000 per year.  We also agreed to pay 
UCSD milestone payments related to commencement of clinical trials and successful regulatory 
clearance for marketing of the licensed products, a 5% royalty on net sales of licensed products 
subject to a $25,000 minimum annual royalty, fifty percent of all sublicense fees and fifty percent of 
sublicense royalties.  We also agreed to reimburse UCSD for all patent-related costs.  Total costs 
related to the UCSD license agreement were $31,000, $28,000 and $27,000 in 2012, 2011 and 2010, 
respectively, and were recorded in research and development expenses. 

In December 2011, we executed a license agreement with AstraZeneca AB for NAV694, a proprietary 
compound that is primarily intended for use in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and other central 
nervous system disorders.  The license agreement is effective until the later of the tenth anniversary of 
the first commercial sale of NAV4694 or the expiration of the underlying patents.  Under the terms of 
the license agreement, AstraZeneca granted us an exclusive worldwide royalty-bearing license for 
NAV4694 with the right to grant sublicenses.  In consideration for the license rights, we paid 
AstraZeneca a license issue fee of $5.0 million upon execution of the agreement.  We also agreed to 
pay AstraZeneca up to $6.5 million in contingent milestone payments based on the achievement of 
certain clinical development and regulatory filing milestones, and up to $11.0 million in contingent 
milestone payments due following receipt of certain regulatory approvals and the initiation of 
commercial sales of the licensed product.  In addition, we agreed to pay AstraZeneca a royalty on net 
sales of licensed and sublicensed products.  Total costs related to the AstraZeneca license agreement 
were $14,000 and $5.0 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively, and were recorded in research and 
development expenses. 

F-23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

In July 2012, we entered into an agreement with Alseres Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Alseres) to sublicense 
NAV5001, an Iodine-123 radiolabeled imaging agent being developed as an aid in the diagnosis of 
Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders, with a potential use as a diagnostic aid in 
dementia.  Under the terms of the sublicense agreement, Alseres granted Navidea an exclusive, 
worldwide sublicense to research, develop and commercialize NAV5001.  The terms of the agreement 
required Navidea to make a one-time sublicense execution payment to Alseres equal to (i) $175,000 in 
cash and (ii) 300,000 shares of our common stock.  The sublicense agreement also provides for 
contingent milestone payments of up to $2.9 million, $2.5 million of which will principally occur at the 
time of product registration or upon commercial sales, and the issuance of up to an additional 1.15 
million shares of Navidea common stock, 950,000 shares of which are issuable at the time of product 
registration or upon commercial sales.  In addition, the sublicense terms anticipate royalties on annual 
net sales of the approved product which are consistent with industry-standard terms and certain 
sublicense extension fees, payable in cash and shares of common stock, in the event certain diligence 
milestones are not met.  Total costs related to the Alseres sublicense agreement were $1.8 million in 
2012, and were recorded in research and development expenses. 

Cardiosonix’s research and development efforts have been partially financed through grants from the 
Office of the Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Industry and Trade (the OCS).  Through the end of 
2004, Cardiosonix received a total of $775,000 in grants from the OCS.  In return for the OCS’s 
participation, Cardiosonix is committed to pay royalties to the Israeli Government at a rate of 3% to 5% 
of the sales of its products, if any, up to 300% of the total grants received, depending on the portion of 
manufacturing activity that takes place in Israel.  In January 2006, the OCS consented to the transfer 
of manufacturing as long as we comply with the terms of the OCS statutes under Israeli law.  We are 
not aware of any future performance obligations related to the grants received from the OCS.  We do 
not believe we will be obligated to pay the OCS any amounts greater than any royalties due on future 
sales in the event that future sales are not sufficient to generate adequate revenue to completely 
cover the full amount of the grant.  However, under certain limited circumstances, the OCS may 
withdraw its approval of a research program or amend the terms of its approval.  Upon withdrawal of 
approval, Cardiosonix may be required to refund the grant, in whole or in part, with or without interest, 
as the OCS determines.  Through December 2012, we have paid the OCS a total of $82,000 in 
royalties related to sales of products developed under this program.  As of December 31, 2012, we 
have accrued obligations for royalties totaling $1,000. 

During January 2005, we completed a license agreement with The Ohio State University (OSU), Cira 
LLC, and Cira Bio for certain technology relating to activated cellular therapy.  The license agreement 
is effective until the expiration date of the longest-lived underlying patent.  Under the terms of the 
license agreement, OSU has granted the licensees the exclusive rights to make, have made, use, 
lease, sell and import licensed products as defined in the agreement and to utilize the defined licensed 
practices.  We may also sublicense the patent rights.  In consideration for the license rights, we 
agreed to pay OSU a license fee of $5,000 on January 31, 2006.  We also agreed to pay OSU 
additional license fees related to initiation of Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials, a royalty on net sales 
of licensed products subject to a minimum annual royalty of $100,000 beginning in 2012, and a 
percentage of any non-royalty license income.  Also during January 2005, we completed a business 
venture agreement with Cira LLC that defines each party’s responsibilities and commitments with 
respect to Cira Bio and the license agreement with OSU.  In connection with the execution of the 
option, Cira Ltd. also agreed to assign all interests in the ACT technology in the event of the closing of 
such a financing transaction.  The license agreement with OSU was terminated effective December 
31, 2012.  Total costs related to the OSU license agreement were $100,000 in 2012, and were 
recorded in research and development expenses. 

F-24 

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

c.  Employment Agreements:  We maintain employment agreements with seven of our officers.  The 
employment agreements contain termination and/or change in control provisions that would entitle 
each of the officers to 1.5 to 2.5 times their annual salaries, vest outstanding restricted stock and 
options to purchase common stock, and continue certain benefits if there is a termination without 
cause or change in control of the Company (as defined) and their employment terminates.  As of 
December 31, 2012, our maximum contingent liability under these agreements in such an event is 
approximately $3.1 million.  The employment agreements also provide for severance, disability and 
death benefits. 

16.  Leases 

We lease certain office equipment under capital leases which expire in 2013 and 2016.  We also lease 
office space in Ohio under an operating lease that expires in October 2013 and office space in 
Massachusetts under an operating lease that expires in March 2014. 

The future minimum lease payments for the years ending December 31 are as follows:  

2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 

Less amount representing interest 
Present value of net minimum lease payments 
Less current portion 
Capital lease obligations, excluding current portion 

  Operating 

Leases 
$     196,068 
19,105 
-- 
-- 
$     215,173 

Capital 
Leases 
$         8,789
3,039
3,039
2,532
17,399
3,021
14,378
7,276
$         7,102

Total rental expense was $211,000, $154,000 and $125,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 
2011 and 2010, respectively. 

17.  Employee Benefit Plan 

We maintain an employee benefit plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.  The plan 
allows employees to make contributions and we may, but are not obligated to, match a portion of the 
employee’s contribution with our common stock, up to a defined maximum.  We also pay certain expenses 
related to maintaining the plan.  We recorded expenses related to our 401(k) plan of $71,000, $56,000 and 
$37,000 during 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. 

18.  Supplemental Disclosure for Statements of Cash Flows 

During 2012, 2011 and 2010, we paid interest aggregating $647,000, $4,000 and $136,000, respectively.  
During 2012, we issued 300,000 shares of our common stock as partial payment for the execution of a 
sublicense agreement.  During 2010, we issued 347,832 shares of our common stock as payment of 
interest on our convertible debt and dividends on our convertible preferred stock.  During 2012, 2011 and 
2010, we issued 17,390, 35,233 and 53,499 shares of our common stock, respectively, as matching 
contributions to our 401(k) Plan.  During 2011 and 2010, we transferred $25,000 and $79,000, 
respectively, of GDS Business inventory to fixed assets related to the creation and maintenance of a pool 
of service loaner equipment.  During 2012 and 2010, we prepaid $267,000 and $71,000, respectively, of 
insurance premiums through the issuance of notes payable to finance companies with interest rates of 
2.8% and 7.0%, respectively.  During 2012, we purchased equipment under a capital lease totaling 
$9,000.  During 2010, we reclassified $223,000 of deferred stock offering costs to additional paid-in capital 
related to the issuance of our common stock to Fusion Capital.  See Note 13(a).  Also during 2010, we 
recorded a deemed dividend of $8.0 million related to the exchange of the Series A Preferred Stock for 
Series B Preferred Stock.  See Note 10. 

F-25 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

19.  Contingencies 

We are subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business.  In our 
opinion, the amount of ultimate liability, if any, with respect to these actions will not materially affect our 
financial position. 

20.  Subsequent Events 

a.  FDA Approval of Lymphoseek:  On March 13, 2013, the Company received FDA approval to market 
Lymphoseek.  As a result of the Lymphoseek approval, 510,000 shares of restricted stock vested with 
an aggregate fair value of $1.6 million.  The approval of Lymphoseek also made an additional $20 
million available to the Company under the credit facility with Montaur. 

b.  Public Offering of Common Stock:  In January 2013, Navidea entered into an underwriting 

agreement with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., related to a public offering of 1,542,389 shares of the 
Company’s common stock at a price of $3.10 per share less underwriting discounts and commissions 
(the Offering).  The Offering closed in February 2013, following the satisfaction of customary closing 
conditions.  The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $4.4 million after deducting 
expenses associated with the Offering.  The Company will use the net proceeds from the offering to 
fund the clinical development and launch of its current drug products, to fund other potential product 
pipeline opportunities, and for general corporate purposes.  The Offering was made pursuant to the 
Company’s existing effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. 

c.  Warrant Exercise:  In March 2013, Montaur exercised 3,000,000 of the Series X warrants in 

exchange for issuance of 3,000,000 shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of 
$1,380,000. 

F-26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NavideaCoverSpine2012_Layout 1  5/2/13  3:34 PM  Page 2

enlightening

empowering

enhancing

Corporate Headquarters
425 Metro Place North (cid:129) Suite 450 (cid:129) Dublin, Ohio 43017

Investor Relations
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (cid:129) www.navidea.com (cid:129) Phone: 614-793-7500 (cid:129) Fax: 614-793-7520 (cid:129) E-Mail: info@navidea.com 

Stockholder Meeting
The annual meeting of stockholders will be held at the Columbus Marriott Northwest, 5605 Blazer Parkway, Dublin, OH 43017,
614-791-1000, on June 27, 2013, 9:00 am Eastern.

Registrar and Transfer Agent
The transfer agent is responsible for handling stockholder questions regarding lost stock certificates, address changes including duplicate
mailings, and changes in ownership or name in which shares are held.  These requests should be directed to the transfer agent at the 
following address:

Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
17 Battery Place, 8th Floor
New York, NY 10004-1123
Phone:  212-509-4000
www.continentalstock.com

Stock Trading
Our common stock trades on the NYSE MKT under the trading symbol NAVB.  

Board of Directors
Gordon A. Troup1

Peter F. Drake, Ph.D.1,2

Brendan A. Ford1,2

Jess E. Jones, M.D.1,2

Chairman of the Board, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.;
Retired President of Nuclear Pharmacy Services, Cardinal Health, Inc.

Board Member, Trustmark Insurance; Enzymedica, Inc.; and Sequoia Sciences, Inc.

Partner, Talisman Capital Partners

Chief Executive Officer, AngioLight, Inc.;
Chief Executive Officer, NewCardio, Inc.

Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D.

Chief Executive Officer, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.

Eric K. Rowinsky, M.D.

Head of Research and Development, Chief Medical Officer, and
Executive Vice President, Stemline Therapeutics, Inc.

1 Audit Committee
2 Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee

Corporate Officers

Mark J. Pykett, V.M.D., Ph.D. 

Chief Executive Officer

Frederick O. Cope, Ph.D.

Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer

Brent L. Larson 

William J. Regan 

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary

Senior Vice President, Global Regulatory Strategy

Cornelia B. Reininger, M.D., Ph.D. 

Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

Thomas H. Tulip, Ph.D. 

President and Chief Business Officer 

Rodger A. Brown 

David S. Casebier, Ph.D. 

Stephen B. Haber, Ph.D. 

David B. Pendleton 

Vice President, Global Regulatory Operations and Quality Assurance

Vice President, Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control

Vice President, Development

Vice President, Marketing and New Product Planning

43196_Cvr_Layout 1  5/7/13  12:57 PM  Page 1

425 Metro Place North (cid:129) Suite 450 (cid:129) Dublin, Ohio 43017
Phone: 614-793-7500 (cid:129) E-Mail: info@navidea.com 
www.navidea.com

Navidea, Navidea logo, Lymphoseek, RIGS and Cardiosonix are registered trademarks of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. or its subsidiaries.
RIGScan is a trademark of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.
© Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 2013