Navios Maritime
Annual Report 2016

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Table of Contents UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F (Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGEACT OF 1934OR ☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016OR ☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF1934OR ☐SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACTOF 1934Date of event requiring shell company report For the transition period from to Commission file number001-33311 Navios Maritime Holdings Inc.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)Republic of Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)7 Avenue de Grande Bretagne, Office 11B2Monte Carlo, MC 98000 Monaco(Address of principal executive offices)Stuart GelfondFried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLPOne New York PlazaNew York, New York 10004Tel: (212) 859-8000Fax: (212) 859-4000(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $.0001 per share The New York Stock Exchange8.75% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, parvalue $0.0001 per share (“Series G”) The New York Stock Exchange*American Depositary Shares, each representing 1/100th of a Share of SeriesG The New York Stock Exchange8.625% Series H Cumulative Redeemable PerpetualPreferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Series H”) The New York Stock Exchange *American Depositary Shares, each representing 1/100th of a Share of SeriesH The New York Stock Exchange* Not for trading, but in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and ExchangeCommissionSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. NoneSecurities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act. None Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annualreport:117,131,407 shares of common stock, 14,551 shares of Series G and 29,018 shares of Series H as of December 31, 2016Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) ofthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data Filerequired to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorterperiod that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filingrequirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company.See the definition of “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant haselected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a)of the Exchange Act. ☐ †The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its AccountingStandards Codification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing: U.S. GAAP ☒ International Financial Reporting Standards as issuedby the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected tofollow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the ExchangeAct). Yes ☐ No ☒ Table of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 1 Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers 1 Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable 1 Item 3. Key Information 1 Item 4. Information on the Company 45 Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments 67 Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects 67 Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees 101 Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions 106 Item 8. Financial Information 111 Item 9. The Offer and Listing 112 Item 10. Additional Information 113 Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 121 Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities 121 PART II Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies 122 Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds 122 Item 15. Controls and Procedures 122 Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert 122 Item 16B. Code of Ethics 123 Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 123 Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees 123 Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers 123 Item 16F. Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant 124 Item 16G. Corporate Governance 124 Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosures 124 PART III Item 17. Financial Statements 124 Item 18. Financial Statements 124 Item 19. Exhibits 124 EX-8.1 EX-12.1 EX-12.2 EX-13.1 EX-15.1 EX-15.2 EX-15.3 EX-15.4 EX-15.5 Table of ContentsPlease note in this Annual Report, “we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company” and “Navios Holdings” all refer to Navios Maritime Holdings Inc.and its consolidated subsidiaries, except as otherwise indicated or where the context otherwise requires.FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in thisreport.Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. desires to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of1995 and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor legislation. This document and any other written or oral statements madeby us or on our behalf may include forward-looking statements, which reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. Thewords “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “forecast,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “propose,” “potential,”“continue” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.The forward-looking statements in this document and in other written or oral statements we make from time to time are based uponcurrent assumptions, many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions, including without limitation, management’s examination of historicaloperating trends, data contained in our records, and other data available from third parties. Although we believe that these assumptions were reasonable whenmade, because these assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies which are difficult or impossible to predict and arebeyond our control, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish these expectations, beliefs or projections.In addition to these important factors and matters discussed elsewhere herein, important factors that, in our view, could cause actualresults to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the strength of world economies,fluctuations in currencies and interest rates, general market conditions, including fluctuations in charter hire rates and vessel values, changes in demand inthe dry cargo shipping industry, changes in the Company’s operating expenses, including bunker prices, drydocking and insurance costs, expectations ofdividends, distributions from affiliates, the Company’s ability to maintain compliance with the continued listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange(the “NYSE”), changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities, potential liability from pending or future litigation,general domestic and international political conditions, potential disruption of shipping routes due to accidents or political events, the value of our publiclytraded subsidiaries, and other important factors described from time to time in the reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.See also “Risk Factors” below.We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date onwhich such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. New factors emerge from time to time, and it isnot possible for us to predict all of these factors. Further, we cannot assess the impact of each such factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, orcombination of factors, may cause actual results to be materially different from those contained in any forward-looking statement.PART IItem 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and AdvisersNot Applicable.Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected TimetableNot Applicable.Item 3. Key InformationA. Selected Financial DataNavios Holdings’ selected historical financial information and operating results for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014,2013 and 2012 are derived from the consolidated financial statements of Navios Holdings. The selected consolidated statement of comprehensive(loss)/income data for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016 and2015 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected consolidated statement ofcomprehensive (loss)/income data for the years ended 1 Table of ContentsDecember 31, 2013 and 2012 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 have been derived from our financialstatements, which are not included in this document and are available at www.sec.gov. The selected consolidated financial data should be read inconjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”, the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financialinformation included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The historical data included below and elsewhere in this Annual Report is not necessarily indicativeof our future performance. Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Year EndedDecember 31,2013 Year EndedDecember 31,2012 (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share and per share data) Statement of Comprehensive (Loss)/Income Data Revenue $419,782 $480,820 $569,016 $512,279 $616,494 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates 21,799 16,177 14,300 7,868 5,994 Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses (175,072) (247,882) (263,304) (244,412) (269,279) Direct vessel expenses (127,396) (128,168) (130,064) (114,074) (117,790) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates (21,799) (16,177) (14,300) (7,868) (5,994) General and administrative expenses (25,295) (34,183) (45,590) (44,634) (51,331) Depreciation and amortization (113,825) (120,310) (104,690) (98,124) (108,206) Provision for losses on accounts receivable (1,304) (59) (792) (630) (17,136) Interest income 4,947 2,370 5,515 2,299 2,717 Interest expense and finance cost (113,639) (113,151) (113,660) (110,805) (106,196) Loss on derivatives — — — (260) (196) Gain on sale of assets/partial sale of subsidiary — — — 18 323 Gain/(Loss) on bond and debt extinguishment 29,187 — (27,281) (37,136) — Other income 18,175 4,840 15,639 17,031 189,239 Other expense (11,665) (34,982) (24,520) (10,447) (10,993) (Loss)/income before equity in net earnings of affiliatedcompanies $(96,105) $(190,705) $(119,731) $(128,895) $127,646 Equity/(Loss) in net earnings of affiliated companies (202,779) 61,484 57,751 19,344 48,228 (Loss)/income before taxes $(298,884) $(129,221) $(61,980) $(109,551) $175,874 Income tax (expense)/benefit (1,265) 3,154 (84) 4,260 (312) Net (loss)/income $(300,149) $(126,067) $(62,064) $(105,291) $175,562 Less: Net (income)/loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest (3,674) (8,045) 5,861 (3,772) (77) Net (loss)/income attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders $(303,823) $(134,112) $(56,203) $(109,063) $175,485 (Loss)/income attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders, basic (273,105) (150,314) (66,976) (110,990) 173,780 (Loss)/income attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders, diluted $(273,105) $(150,314) $(66,976) $(110,990) $175,485 Basic net (loss)/earnings per share attributable to NaviosHoldings common stockholders $(2.54) $(1.42) $(0.65) $(1.09) $1.72 Weighted average number of shares, basic 107,366,783 105,896,235 103,476,614 101,854,415 101,232,720 Diluted net (loss)/earnings per share attributable to NaviosHoldings common stockholders $(2.54) $(1.42) $(0.65) $(1.09) $1.58 Weighted average number of shares, diluted 107,366,783 105,896,235 103,476,614 101,854,415 111,033,758 Balance Sheet Data (at period end) Current assets, including cash and restricted cash $273,140 $302,959 $417,131 $339,986 $470,567 Total assets 2,752,895 2,958,813 3,127,697 2,886,453 2,913,189 Total long-term debt, net including current portion 1,651,095 1,581,308 1,612,890 1,478,089 1,329,939 Navios Holdings’ stockholders’ equity $678,287 $988,960 $1,152,963 $1,065,695 $1,206,376 2 Table of Contents Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Year EndedDecember 31,2013 Year EndedDecember 31,2012 (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except per share data) Other Financial Data Net cash provided by operating activities $36,920 $43,478 $56,323 $59,749 $228,644 Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities (150,565) (36,499) (244,888) (258,571) 12,453 Net cash provided by/ (used in) financing activities 86,225 (91,123) 248,290 128,785 (154,325) Book value per common share 5.79 8.95 10.89 10.22 11.68 Cash dividends per common share — 0.17 0.24 0.24 0.30 Cash dividends per preferred share 74.4 216.7 99.9 200.0 201.1 Cash paid for common stock dividend declared — 19,325 25,228 24,710 30,730 Cash paid for preferred stock dividend declared 3,681 16,025 7,502 1,696 1,705 Adjusted EBITDA(1) $(62,827) $112,756 $176,698 $107,909 $399,483 (1)EBITDA represents net (loss)/income attributable to Navios Holdings’ common stockholders before interest and finance costs, before depreciation andamortization and before income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA before stock based compensation. We use Adjusted EBITDA as liquiditymeasure and reconcile Adjusted EBITDA to net cash provided by operating activities, the most comparable U.S. GAAP liquidity measure. AdjustedEBITDA is calculated as follows: net cash provided by operating activities adding back, when applicable and as the case may be, the effect of (i) netincrease/(decrease) in operating assets, (ii) net (increase)/decrease in operating liabilities, (iii) net interest cost, (iv) deferred finance charges andgains/(losses) on bond and debt extinguishment, (v) provision for losses on accounts receivable, (vi) equity in affiliates, net of dividends received,(vii) payments for drydock and special survey costs, (viii) noncontrolling interest, (ix) gain/ (loss) on sale of assets/ subsidiaries, (x) unrealized(loss)/gain on derivatives, and (xi) loss on sale and reclassification to earnings of available-for-sale securities and impairment charges. Navios Holdingsbelieves that Adjusted EBITDA is a basis upon which liquidity can be assessed and represents useful information to investors regarding NaviosHoldings’ ability to service and/or incur indebtedness, pay capital expenditures, meet working capital requirements and pay dividends. NaviosHoldings also believes that Adjusted EBITDA is used (i) by prospective and current lessors as well as potential lenders to evaluate potentialtransactions; (ii) to evaluate and price potential acquisition candidates; and (iii) by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in theevaluation of companies in our industry. 3 Table of ContentsAdjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and therefore, should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the analysis of NaviosHoldings’ results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (i) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirementsfor, working capital needs; (ii) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the amounts necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt and otherfinancing arrangements; and (iii) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have tobe replaced in the future. Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such capital expenditures. Because of these limitations, amongothers, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a principal indicator of Navios Holdings’ performance. Furthermore, our calculation of AdjustedEBITDA may not be comparable to that reported by other companies due to differences in methods of calculation.The following table reconciles net cash provided by operating activities, as reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows, toAdjusted EBITDA:Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation from Cash from Operations Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Year EndedDecember 31,2013 Year EndedDecember 31,2012 (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except per share data) Net cash provided by operating activities $36,920 $43,478 $56,323 $59,749 $228,644 Net increase/ (decrease) in operating assets 20,599 (43,042) 18,025 (57,792) 50,687 Net (increase)/decrease in operating liabilities (38,928) (39,288) (23,613) 27,087 18,016 Payments for drydock and special survey costs 11,096 24,840 10,970 12,119 14,461 Net interest cost 103,039 106,257 104,084 103,122 97,170 Provision for losses on accounts receivable (1,304) (59) (792) (630) (17,136) Gain on sale of assets/partial sale of subsidiary — — — 18 323 Unrealized (loss)/gain on FFA derivatives, warrants, interest rate swaps — — — (69) (124) Gain/ (Loss) on bond and debt extinguishment 29,187 — (4,786) (12,142) — (Losses)/earnings in affiliates and joint ventures, net of dividends received (219,417) 30,398 22,179 (19,781) 7,519 Reclassification to earnings of available-for-sale securities (345) (1,783) (11,553) — — Noncontrolling interest (3,674) (8,045) 5,861 (3,772) (77) Adjusted EBITDA $(62,827) $112,756 $176,698 $107,909 $399,483 4 Table of ContentsB. Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D. Risk FactorsSome of the following risks relate principally to the industry in which we operate and our business in general. Other risks relateprincipally to the securities market and ownership of our common stock. You should carefully consider each of the following risks together with the otherinformation incorporated into this Annual Report when evaluating the Company’s business and its prospects. The risks and uncertainties described below arenot the only ones the Company faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company or that the Company currently considersimmaterial may also impair the Company’s business operations. If any of the following risks relating to our business and operations actually occur, ourbusiness, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected and in that case, the trading price of our common stockcould decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.Risks Associated with the Shipping Industry and Our OperationsThe cyclical nature of the shipping industry may lead to decreases in charter rates and lower vessel values, which could adversely affect our and ouraffiliates’ results of operations and financial condition. In particular, charter rates in the dry cargo market are currently near historical lows and certainof our vessels may operate below operating cost.The shipping business, including the dry cargo market, is cyclical in varying degrees, experiencing severe fluctuations in charter rates,profitability and, consequently, vessel values. For example, during the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016, the Baltic Exchange’s Panamaxtime charter average daily rates experienced a low of $2,260 and a high of $12,478. Additionally, during the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31,2016, the Baltic Exchange’s Capesize time charter average (BCI-5TCA) daily rates experienced a low of $1,985 and a high of $20,601 and the Baltic DryIndex experienced a low of 290 points and a high of 1,257 points. There can be no assurance that the dry bulk charter market will not decrease further. Weanticipate that the future demand for our dry bulk carriers and dry bulk charter rates will be dependent upon demand for imported commodities, economicgrowth in the emerging markets, including the Asia Pacific region, of which China is particularly important, India, Brazil and Russia and the rest of the world,seasonal and regional changes in demand and changes to the capacity of the world fleet. Adverse economic, political, social or other developments candecrease demand and prospects for growth in the shipping industry and thereby could reduce revenue significantly. A decline in demand for commoditiestransported in dry bulk carriers or an increase in supply of dry bulk vessels could cause a further decline in charter rates, which could materially adverselyaffect our results of operations and financial condition. If we sell a vessel at a time when the market value of our vessels has fallen, the sale may be at less thanthe vessel’s carrying amount, resulting in a loss.Demand for container shipments declined significantly from 2008 to 2009 in the aftermath of the global financial crisis but has increasedeach year from 2009 to 2016. Specifically, from 2009 to 2011, there was improvement in the Far East-to-Europe and Trans-Pacific Eastbound container tradelanes, alongside improvements also witnessed in other, non-main lane, trade routes including certain intra-Asia and North-South trade routes. However,Trans-Pacific Eastbound trade lane growth was less than 1% per year in 2011 and 2012, while the Far East-to-Europe trade lane grew by 3.3% in 2011 butdeclined by 4.2% in 2012 due to the impact of the continuing European sovereign debt crisis and global economic slowdown, as well as uncertaintyregarding the resolution of the budget ceiling and budgetary cuts in the United States. More recently in 2015, total container trade grew by only 2.2%,influenced by declines in the Far East-to-Europe and North America export trades and increases in the Intra-Regional and Mid-East/India trades. In 2016,total container trade grew 3.5% (provisionally), led by recovering volumes on the Far East-to-Europe trades and Far East-to-US as well as increases in intra-regional trade. Containership supply continued to exceed demand during the year as more large vessels were delivered, generally driving down average dailyrates. The oversupply in the market continued to prevent any significant rise in time charter rates for both short- and long-term periods. Additional orders forlarge and very large containerships were placed during 2014 and 2015, both increasing the expected future supply of larger vessels and having a spillovereffect on the market segment for smaller vessels. Ordering of container ships slowed significantly in 2016 while scrapping increased to record volumes. Therecent global economic slowdown and disruptions in the credit markets significantly reduced demand for products shipped in containers and, in turn,containership capacity, which has had an adverse effect on our and our affiliates’ results of operations and financial condition.The continuation of such containership oversupply or any declines in container freight rates could negatively affect the liner companiesto which our affiliates seek to charter their containerships.Historically, the tanker markets have been volatile as a result of the many conditions and factors that can affect the price, supply anddemand for tanker capacity. Demand for crude oil and product tankers is historically well correlated with the growth or 5 Table of Contentscontraction of the world economy. The past several years were marked by a major economic slowdown which has had, and continues to have, a significantimpact on world trade, including the oil trade. Global economic conditions remain fragile with significant uncertainty with respect to recovery prospects,levels of recovery and long-term economic growth effects. Energy prices sharply declined from mid-2014 to the end of March 2016 primarily as a result ofincreased oil production worldwide. In response to this increased production, demand for tankers to move oil and refined petroleum products increasedsignificantly and average spot and period charter rates for product and crude tankers rose, and continue to be, at or above historically average rates. Keys tothis growth have been steady increases in Chinese and Indian crude oil imports since 2001 and a steady increase in US oil production which has led to asteady decline in US crude oil imports since 2005. Oil products shipments have increased due to refinery closures in Europe, Japan and Australia with oilproducts being shipped to those regions from India, the Middle East and the US. With the increase in US crude oil production, the US became a net exporterof oil products since 2011 adding to the seaborne movement of oil products, recently however, large inventories of products have reduced arbitragepossibilities and spot rates for product tankers have moderated. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) is currently producing andshipping oil at very high levels, even after it announced the recent production cuts. Should OPEC significantly reduce oil production or should there besignificant declines in non-OPEC oil production or should China or other emerging market countries suffer significant economic slowdowns, that may resultin a protracted period of reduced oil shipments and a decreased demand for our affiliated tanker vessels and lower charter rates, which could have a materialadverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.The percentage of the total tanker fleet on order as a percent of the total fleet declined from 18% at the end of 2011 to 13% at the end ofJanuary 2017. An over-supply of tanker capacity may result in a reduction of charter hire rates. If a reduction in charter rates occurs, our affiliates may only beable to charter their tanker vessels at unprofitable rates or may not be able to charter these vessels at all, which could lead to a material adverse effect on ourresults of operations.The demand for dry cargo vessels and tankers capacity has generally been influenced by, among other factors: • global and regional economic conditions; • developments in international trade; • changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns, such as port congestion and canal closures or expansions; • supply and demand for energy resources, commodities, semi-finished and finished consumer and industrial products, and liquidcargoes, including petroleum and petroleum products; • changes in the exploration or production of energy resources, commodities, semi-finished and finished consumer and industrialproducts; • supply and demand for products shipped in containers; • changes in global production of raw materials or products transported by containerships; • the distance dry bulk cargo or containers are to be moved by sea; • the globalization of manufacturing; • carrier alliances, vessel sharing or container slot sharing that seek to allocate container ship capacity on routes; • weather and crop yields; • armed conflicts and terrorist activities, including piracy; • natural or man-made disasters that affect the ability of our vessels to use certain waterways; • political, environmental and other regulatory developments, including but not limited to governmental macroeconomic policychanges, import- export restrictions, central bank policies and pollution conventions or protocols; • embargoes and strikes; • technical advances in ship design and construction; • waiting days in ports; • changes in oil production and refining capacity and regional availability of petroleum refining capacity; • the distance chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products are to be moved by sea; 6 Table of Contents • changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns, including changes in distances over which cargo is transported due togeographic changes in where oil is produced, refined and used; and • competition from alternative sources of energy.The supply of vessel capacity has generally been influenced by, among other factors: • the number of vessels that are in or out of service; • the scrapping rate of older vessels; • port and canal traffic and congestion; • the number of newbuilding deliveries; • vessel casualties; • the availability of shipyard capacity; • the economics of slow steaming; • the number of vessels that are used for storage or as floating storage offloading service vessels; • the conversion of tankers to other uses, including conversion of vessels from transporting oil and oil products to carrying dry bulkcargo and the reverse conversion; • availability of financing for new vessels; • the phasing out of single-hull tankers due to legislation and environmental concerns; • the price of steel; • national or international regulations that may effectively cause reductions in the carrying capacity of vessels or early obsolescenceof tonnage; and • environmental concerns and regulations.Our growth depends on continued growth in demand for dry bulk commodities and the shipping of dry bulk cargoes.Our growth strategy focuses on expansion in the dry bulk shipping sector. Accordingly, our growth depends on continued growth inworldwide and regional demand for dry bulk commodities and the shipping of dry bulk cargoes, which could be negatively affected by a number of factors,such as declines in prices for dry bulk commodities, or general political and economic conditions.Reduced demand for dry bulk commodities and the shipping of dry bulk cargoes would have a material adverse effect on our futuregrowth and could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In particular, Asian Pacific economies, of which China is especiallyimportant, and India have been the main driving force behind the current increase in seaborne dry bulk trade and the demand for dry bulk carriers. A negativechange in economic conditions in any Asian Pacific country, but particularly in China, Japan or India, may have a material adverse effect on our business,financial condition and results of operations, as well as our future prospects, by reducing demand and resultant charter rates.Disruptions in world financial markets and the resulting governmental action in Europe, the Unites States and other parts of the world could have amaterial adverse impact on our ability to obtain financing required to acquire vessels or new businesses. Furthermore, such a disruption would adverselyaffect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and could cause the market price of our shares to decline.Global financial markets and economic conditions have been severely disrupted and volatile in recent years and remain subject tosignificant vulnerabilities, such as the deterioration of fiscal balances, the rapid accumulation of public debt, continued deleveraging in the banking sectorand a limited supply of credit. Recent conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Ukraine, other current conflicts, and continuing concerns relating to the Europeansovereign debt crisis have led to increased volatility in global credit and equity markets. Several European countries including Greece have been affected byincreasing public debt burdens and weakening economic growth prospects. In recent years, Standard and Poor’s Rating Services (“Standard and Poor’s”) andMoody’s Investors 7 Table of ContentsService (“Moody’s”) downgraded the long-term ratings of most European countries’ sovereign debt and issued negative outlooks. Such downgrades couldnegatively affect those countries’ ability to access the public debt markets at reasonable rates or at all, materially affecting the financial conditions of banksin those countries, including those with which we maintain cash deposits and equivalents, or on which we rely on to finance our vessel and new businessacquisitions. Cash deposits and cash equivalents in excess of amounts covered by government-provided insurance are exposed to loss in the event ofnon-performance by financial institutions. We maintain cash deposits and equivalents in excess of government-provided insurance limits, which may exposeus to a loss of cash deposits or cash equivalents.Additionally, in June 2016, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the EU (“Brexit”),and, accordingly, on February 1, 2017, the U.K. Parliament voted in favor of allowing the U.K. government to begin the formal process of Brexit. Brexitcreated political and economic uncertainty and instability in the global markets (including currency and credit markets), especially in the U.K. and the E.U.,and this uncertainty and instability may last indefinitely.Further, as a result of the ongoing political and economic turmoil in Greece resulting from the sovereign debt crisis and the relatedausterity measures implemented by the Greek government, the operations of our managers located in Greece may be subjected to new regulations andpotential shift in government policies that may require us to incur new or additional compliance or other administrative costs and may require the payment ofnew taxes or other fees. We also face the risk that strikes, work stoppages, civil unrest and violence within Greece may disrupt the shoreside operations of ourmanagers located in Greece.Since 2008, a number of financial institutions have experienced serious financial difficulties and, in some cases, have enteredbankruptcy proceedings or are in regulatory enforcement actions. These difficulties resulted, in part, from declining markets for assets held by suchinstitutions, particularly the reduction in the value of their mortgage and asset-backed securities portfolios. These difficulties were compounded by financialturmoil affecting the world’s debt, credit and capital markets, and the general decline in the willingness by banks and other financial institutions to extendcredit, particularly to the shipping industry due to the historically low vessel earnings and values, and, in part, due to changes in overall banking regulations(for example, Basel III). As a result, the ability of banks and credit institutions to finance new projects, including the acquisition of new vessels in the future,was for a time uncertain. Following the stress tests run by the European Central Bank (the “ECB”), revised capital ratios have been communicated toEuropean banks. This has reduced the uncertainty following the difficulties of the past several years, but it has also led to changes in each bank’s lendingpolicies and ability to provide financing or refinancing. A recurrence of global economic weakness may adversely affect the financial institutions thatprovide our credit facilities and may impair their ability to continue to perform under their financing obligations to us, which could have an impact on ourability to fund current and future obligations.Furthermore, we may experience difficulties obtaining financing commitments in the future, including commitments to refinance ourexisting debt as balloon payments come due under our credit facilities, if lenders are unwilling to extend financing to us or are unable to meet their fundingobligations due to their own liquidity, capital or solvency issues. Due to the fact that we would possibly cover all or a portion of the cost of any newacquisition with debt financing, such uncertainty, combined with restrictions imposed by our current debt, could hamper our ability to finance vessels orother assets or new business acquisitions.In addition, the economic uncertainty worldwide has markedly reduced demand for shipping services and has decreased charter rates,which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Currently, the economies of China, Japan, other Asian Pacific countries andIndia are the main driving force behind the development in seaborne transportation. Reduced demand from such economies has in the past driven decreasedrates and vessel values and could do so in the future.The New York Stock Exchange may delist our common stock from trading on its exchange, which could limit your ability to trade our common stock andsubject us to additional trading restrictions.On February 16, 2016, we were notified by NYSE that we were not in compliance with the continued listing standards set forth in Section802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because the average closing price of our common stock was less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-dayperiod. We received confirmation from the NYSE on April 1, 2016 that we had regained compliance after our average closing share price for the 30trading-day period ended March 31, 2016 and our closing price on March 31, 2016 exceeded $1.00.On June 7, 2016, we were notified by NYSE that we were not in compliance with the continued listing standards because the average closingprice of its common stock was less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. We received confirmation from the NYSE on September 1, 2016, thatwe had regained compliance with all NYSE continued listing requirements after our average closing share price for the 30 trading-day period endedAugust 31, 2016, and its closing price on August 31, 2016, was $1.00.Under the NYSE Listed Company Manual, a listed company is generally afforded a six-month period following receipt of the NYSE deficiencynotice to regain compliance, after which the NYSE will commence suspension of trading and delisting procedures. Regaining compliance requires, on the lasttrading day of any calendar month, a company’s common stock price per share and 30 8 Table of Contentstrading-day average closing share price to be at least $1.00. During this six month period a company’s common stock will continue to be traded on the NYSE,subject to compliance with other continued listing requirements and further subject to the discretion of the NYSE to commence delisting procedures against acompany’s common stock for other reasons, such as selling for an abnormally low price.While we are currently in compliance with the NYSE listing standards we cannot assure you that our common stock will continue to be listed onNYSE in the future.If our common stock ultimately were to be delisted for any reason, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including: • a limited availability of market quotations for our common stock; • a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for us; • a decreased ability for us to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future; • limited liquidity for our shareholders due to thin trading; and • loss of our tax exemption under Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), loss of preferential capital gain taxrates for certain dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders, and loss of “mark-to-market” election by U.S. holders in the event weare treated as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”).A decrease in the level of China’s imports of raw materials or a decrease in trade globally could have a material adverse impact on our charterers’business and, in turn, could cause a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.China imports significant quantities of raw materials. For example, in 2016, China imported 1.008 billion tons of iron out of a total of1.412 billion tons shipped globally accounting for about 71% of the global seaborne iron ore trade. While it only accounted for 18% of seaborne coalmovements of coal in 2016 according to current estimates (201 million tons imported compared to 1.135 billion tons of seaborne coal traded globally), thatis a decline from over 22% in 2013 (265 million tons imported compared to 1.180 billion tons of seaborne coal traded globally). Our dry bulk vessels aredeployed by our charterers on routes involving dry bulk trade in and out of emerging markets, and our charterers’ dry bulk shipping and business revenuemay be derived from the shipment of goods within and to the Asia Pacific region from various overseas export markets. Any reduction in or hindrance toChina-based importers could have a material adverse effect on the growth rate of China’s imports and on our charterers’ business. For instance, thegovernment of China has implemented economic policies aimed at reducing pollution, increasing consumption of domestically produced Chinese coal orpromoting the export of such coal. This may have the effect of reducing the demand for imported raw materials and may, in turn, result in a decrease indemand for dry bulk shipping. Additionally, though in China there is an increasing level of autonomy and a gradual shift in emphasis to a “market economy”and enterprise reform, many of the reforms, particularly some limited price reforms that result in the prices for certain commodities being principallydetermined by market forces, are unprecedented or experimental and may be subject to revision, change or abolition. The level of imports to and exports fromChina could be adversely affected by changes to these economic reforms by the Chinese government, as well as by changes in political, economic and socialconditions or other relevant policies of the Chinese government.For example, China imposes a new tax for non-resident international transportation enterprises engaged in the provision of services ofpassengers or cargo, among other items, in and out of China using their own, chartered or leased vessels, including any stevedore, warehousing and otherservices connected with the transportation. The regulation broadens the range of international transportation companies who may find themselves liable forChinese enterprise income tax on profits generated from international transportation services passing through Chinese ports. This tax or similar regulationsby China may result in an increase in the cost of raw materials imported to China and the risks associated with importing raw materials to China, as well as adecrease in the quantity of raw materials to be shipped from our charterers to China. This could have an adverse impact on our charterers’ business, operatingresults and financial condition and could thereby affect their ability to make timely charter hire payments to us and to renew and increase the number of theirtime charters with us.Our operations expose us to the risk that increased trade protectionism from China or other nations will adversely affect our business. Ifthe global recovery is undermined by downside risks and the recent economic downturn returns, governments may turn to trade barriers to protect theirdomestic industries against foreign imports, thereby depressing the demand for shipping. Specifically, increasing trade protectionism in the markets that ourcharterers serve may cause (i) a decrease in cargoes available to our charterers in favor of local charterers and local owned ships and (ii) an increase in the risksassociated with importing goods to China. Any increased trade barriers or restrictions on trade, especially trade with China, would have an adverse impact onour charterers’ business, operating results and financial condition and could thereby affect their ability to make timely charter hire payments to us and torenew and increase the number of their time charters with us. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financialcondition and our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders.When our contracts expire, we may not be able to successfully replace them, or we may not choose to enter into long term contracts at levels that are at orbelow operating costs.The process for concluding contracts and longer term time charters generally involves a lengthy and intensive screening and vettingprocess and the submission of competitive bids. In addition to the quality and suitability of the vessel, medium and longer term shipping contracts tend to beawarded based upon a variety of other factors relating to the vessel operator, including: • environmental, health and safety record; • compliance with regulatory industry standards; • reputation for customer service, technical and operating expertise; 9 Table of Contents • shipping experience and quality of ship operations, including cost-effectiveness; • quality, experience and technical capability of crews; • the ability to finance vessels at competitive rates and overall financial stability; • relationships with shipyards and the ability to obtain suitable berths; • construction management experience, including the ability to procure on-time delivery of new vessels according to customerspecifications; • willingness to accept operational risks pursuant to the charter, such as allowing termination of the charter for force majeure events;and • competitiveness of the bid in terms of overall price.As a result of these factors, when our contracts including our long-term charters expire, we cannot assure you that we will be able toreplace them promptly or at all or at rates sufficient to allow us to operate our business profitably, to meet our obligations, including payment of debt serviceto our lenders, or to pay dividends. Our ability to renew the charter contracts on our vessels on the expiration or termination of our current charters, or, onvessels that we may acquire in the future, the charter rates payable under any replacement charter contracts, will depend upon, among other things, economicconditions in the sectors in which our vessels operate at that time, changes in the supply and demand for vessel capacity and changes in the supply anddemand for the transportation of commodities. During periods of market distress when long term charters may be renewed at rates at or below operating costs,we may not choose to charter our vessels for longer terms particularly if doing so would create an ongoing negative cashflow during the period of the charter.We may instead choose or be forced to idle our vessels or lay them up or scrap them depending on market conditions and outlook at the time those vesselsbecome available for charter.However, if we are successful in employing our vessels under longer-term time charters, our vessels will not be available for trading in thespot market during an upturn in the market cycle, when spot trading may be more profitable. If we cannot successfully employ our vessels in profitablecharter contracts, our results of operations and operating cash flow could be materially adversely affected.We may employ vessels on the spot market and thus expose ourselves to risk of losses based on short-term decreases in shipping rates.We periodically employ some of our vessels on a spot basis. The spot charter market is highly competitive and freight rates within thismarket are highly volatile, while longer-term charter contracts provide income at pre-determined rates over more extended periods of time. We cannot assureyou that we will be successful in keeping our vessels fully employed in these short-term markets, or that future spot rates will be sufficient to enable suchvessels to be operated profitably. A significant decrease in spot market rates or our inability to fully employ our vessels by taking advantage of the spotmarket would result in a reduction of the incremental revenue received from spot chartering and adversely affect our results of operations, including ourprofitability and cash flows, with the result that our ability to pay debt service and dividends could be impaired.Additionally, if spot market rates or short-term time charter rates become significantly lower than the time charter equivalent rates thatsome of our charterers are obligated to pay us under our existing charters, the charterers may have incentive to default under that charter or attempt torenegotiate the charter. If our charterers fail to pay their obligations, we would have to attempt to re-charter our vessels at lower charter rates, which wouldaffect our ability to comply with our loan covenants and operate our vessels profitably. If we are not able to comply with our loan covenants and our lenderschoose to accelerate our indebtedness and foreclose their liens, we could be required to sell vessels in our fleet and our ability to continue to conduct ourbusiness would be impaired.We depend upon significant customers for part of our revenues. The loss of one or more of these customers or a decline in the financial capability of ourcustomers could materially adversely affect our financial performance.We have derived a significant part of our revenue from a small number of charterers. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015and 2014, we derived approximately 41.1%, 33.8%, and 28.6%, respectively, of our gross revenues from four customers. For the year ended December 31,2016, two customers accounted for 14.7% and 13.1%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2015, one customeraccounted for 15.1% of the Company’s revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2014, one customer accounted for 11.9% of the Company’s revenue.If one or more of our customers is unable to perform under one or more charters with us and we are not able to find a replacement charter,or if a charterer exercises certain rights to terminate the charter, or if a charterer is unable to make its charter payments in whole or in part, we could suffer aloss of revenues that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. 10 Table of ContentsWe could lose a customer or the benefits of a time charter if, among other things: • the customer fails to make charter payments because of its financial inability, disagreements with us or otherwise, which risk isincreasing due to the current economic environment; • the customer terminates the charter because we fail to deliver the vessel within a fixed period of time, the vessel is lost or damagedbeyond repair, there are serious deficiencies in the vessel or prolonged periods of off-hire, default under the charter; or • the customer terminates the charter because the vessel has been subject to seizure for more than a specified number of days.Furthermore, a number of our charters are at above-market rates, such that any loss of such charter may require us to recharter the vessel atsignificantly lower rates. Additionally, our charterers from time to time have sought to renegotiate their charter rates with us. We no longer maintaininsurance against the risk of default by our customers.We are subject to certain credit risks with respect to our counterparties on contracts, and the failure of such counterparties to meet their obligations couldcause us to suffer losses on such contracts and thereby decrease revenues.We charter-out our vessels to other parties who pay us a daily rate of hire. We also enter into contracts of affreightment (“COAs”)pursuant to which we agree to carry cargoes, typically for industrial customers, who export or import dry bulk cargoes. Additionally, we may enter intoForward Freight Agreements (“FFAs”), parts of which are traded over-the-counter. We also enter into spot market voyage contracts, where we are paid a rateper ton to carry a specified cargo on a specified route. The FFAs and these contracts and arrangements subject us to counterparty credit risks at various levels.If the counterparties fail to meet their obligations, we could suffer losses on such contracts which could materially adversely affect our financial conditionand results of operations. In addition, if a charterer defaults on a time charter, we may only be able to enter into new contracts at lower rates. It is also possiblethat we would be unable to secure a charter at all. If we re-charter the vessel at lower rates or not at all, our financial condition and results of operations couldbe materially adversely affected.Trading and complementary hedging activities in freight, tonnage and FFAs subject us to trading risks, and we may suffer trading losses which couldadversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.Due to dry bulk shipping market volatility, success in this shipping industry requires constant adjustment of the balance betweenchartering-out vessels for long periods of time and trading them on a spot basis. A long-term contract to charter a vessel might lock us into a profitable orunprofitable situation depending on the direction of freight rates over the term of the contract. We may seek to manage and mitigate that risk through tradingand complementary hedging activities in freight, tonnage and FFAs. We may be exposed to market risk in relation to our FFAs and could suffer substantiallosses from these activities in the event that our expectations are incorrect. We may trade FFAs with an objective of both economically hedging the risk onthe fleet, specific vessels or freight commitments and taking advantage of short-term fluctuations in market prices. There can be no assurance that we will beable at all times to successfully protect ourselves from volatility in the shipping market. We may not successfully mitigate our risks, leaving us exposed tounprofitable contracts, and may suffer trading losses resulting from these hedging activities.In our hedging and trading activities, we focus on short-term trading opportunities in which there is adequate liquidity in order to limitthe risk we are taking. There can be no assurance we will be successful in limiting our risk, that significant price spikes will not result in significant losses,even on short term trades, that liquidity will be available for our positions, or that all trades will be done within our risk management policies. Any such riskcould be significant. In addition, the performance of our trading activities can significantly increase the variability of our operating performance in any givenperiod and could materially adversely affect our financial condition. The FFA market has experienced significant volatility in the past few years and,accordingly, recognition of the changes in the fair value of FFAs could in the future cause significant volatility in earnings.We are subject to certain operating risks, including vessel breakdowns or accidents, that could result in a loss of revenue from the chartered-in vessels andwhich in turn could have an adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.Our exposure to operating risks of vessel breakdown and accidents mainly arises in the context of our owned vessels. The rest of our corefleet is chartered-in under time charters and, as a result, most operating risks relating to these time chartered vessels remain with their owners. If we pay hire ona chartered-in vessel at a lower rate than the rate of hire it receives from a sub-charterer to whom we have chartered out the vessel, a breakdown or loss of thevessel due to an operating risk suffered by the owner will, in all likelihood, result in our loss of the positive spread between the two rates of hire. Although wemaintain insurance policies (subject to 11 Table of Contentsdeductibles and exclusions) to cover us against the loss of such spread through the sinking or other loss of a chartered-in vessel, we cannot assure you that wewill be covered under all circumstances or that such policies will be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms. Breakdowns or accidentsinvolving our vessels and losses relating to chartered vessels which are not covered by insurance would result in a loss of revenue from the affected vesselsadversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations.The operation of ocean-going vessels entails the possibility of marine disasters including damage or destruction of the vessel due to accident, the loss of avessel due to piracy or terrorism, damage or destruction of cargo and similar events that may cause a loss of revenue from affected vessels and damage ourbusiness reputation, which may in turn lead to loss of business.The operation of ocean-going vessels entails certain inherent risks that may materially adversely affect our business and reputation,including: • the damage or destruction of vessels due to marine disaster such as a collision; • the loss of a vessel due to piracy and terrorism; • cargo and property losses or damage as a result of the foregoing or drastic causes such as human error, mechanical failure and badweather; • environmental accidents as a result of the foregoing; and • business interruptions and delivery delays caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism, political action in variouscountries, labor strikes or adverse weather conditions.Any of these circumstances or events could substantially increase our costs. For example, the costs of replacing a vessel or cleaning upenvironmental damage could substantially lower our revenues by taking vessels out of operation permanently or for periods of time. Furthermore, theinvolvement of our vessels in a disaster or delays in delivery, damage or the loss of cargo may harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel operator andcause us to lose business.The operation of vessels, such as dry bulk carriers, has certain unique risks. With a dry bulk carrier, the cargo itself and its interactionwith the vessel can be an operational risk. By their nature, dry bulk cargoes are often heavy, dense, easily shift, and react badly to water exposure. In addition,dry bulk carriers are often subjected to battering treatment during unloading operations with grabs, jackhammers (to pry encrusted cargoes out of the hold)and small bulldozers. This treatment may cause damage to the vessel. Vessels damaged due to treatment during unloading procedures may be moresusceptible to breach at sea. Hull breaches in dry bulk carriers may lead to the flooding of the vessels’ holds. If a dry bulk carrier suffers flooding in itsforward holds, the bulk cargo may become so dense and waterlogged that its pressure may buckle the vessel’s bulkheads leading to the loss of a vessel.The total loss or damage of any of our vessels or cargoes could harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator. If weare unable to adequately maintain or safeguard our vessels, we may be unable to prevent any such damage, costs, or loss that could negatively impact ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay dividends.Some of these inherent risks could result in significant damage, such as marine disaster or environmental incidents, and any resultinglegal proceedings may be complex, lengthy, costly and, if decided against us, any of these proceedings or other proceedings involving similar claims orclaims for substantial damages may harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flow and financialposition. In addition, the legal systems and law enforcement mechanisms in certain countries in which we operate may expose us to risk and uncertainty.Further, we may be required to devote substantial time and cost defending these proceedings, which could divert the attention of management from ourbusiness.Any of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.We are subject to various laws, regulations and conventions, including environmental and safety laws that could require significant expenditures both tomaintain compliance with such laws and to pay for any uninsured environmental liabilities including any resulting from a spill or other environmentalincident.The shipping business and vessel operation are materially affected by government regulation in the form of international conventions,national, state and local laws, and regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which vessels operate, as well as in the country or countries of their registration.Governmental regulations, safety or other equipment standards, as well as compliance with standards imposed by maritime self-regulatory organizations andcustomer requirements or competition, may require us to make capital and other expenditures. Because such conventions, laws and regulations are oftenrevised, we cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with such conventions, laws and regulations, or the impact thereof on the fair market price or usefullife of our vessels. In order to satisfy any such requirements, we may be required to take any of our vessels out of service for extended periods of time, withcorresponding losses of revenues. In the future, market conditions may not justify these expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels, particularly oldervessels, profitably during the remainder of their economic lives. This could lead to significant asset write downs. In addition, violations of environmental andsafety regulations can result in substantial penalties and, in certain instances, seizure or detention of our vessels. 12 Table of ContentsAdditional conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could limit our ability to do business, require capital expenditures orotherwise increase our cost of doing business, which may materially adversely affect our operations, as well as the shipping industry generally. In variousjurisdictions legislation has been enacted, or is under consideration, that would impose more stringent requirements on air pollution and effluent dischargesfrom our vessels. For example, the International Maritime Organization (“IMO”) periodically proposes and adopts amendments to revise the InternationalConvention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (“MARPOL”), such as the revision to Annex VI which came into force on July 1, 2010. The revisedAnnex VI implements a phased reduction of the sulfur content of fuel and allows for stricter sulfur limits in designated emission control areas (“ECAs”). Thusfar, ECAs have been formally adopted for the Baltic Sea area (limiting SOx emissions only); the North Sea area including the English Channel (limiting SOxemissions only) and the North American ECA (which came into effect on August 1, 2012 limiting SOx, NOx and particulate matter emissions). In October2016, the IMO approved the designation of the North Sea and Baltic Sea as ECAs for NOx under Annex VI, which is scheduled for adoption in 2017 andwould take effect in January 2021. The United States Caribbean Sea ECA entered into force on January 1, 2013 and has been effective since January 1, 2014,limiting SOx, NOx and particulate matter emissions. In January 2015, the limit for fuel oil sulfur levels fell to 0.10% m/m in ECAs established to limit SOxand particulate matter emissions. After considering the issue for many years, the IMO announced on October 27, 2016 that it was proceeding with arequirement for 0.5% m/m sulfur content in marine fuel (down from current levels of 3.5%) outside the ECAs starting on January 1, 2020. Under Annex VI,the 2020 date was subject to review as to the availability of the required fuel oil. Annex VI required the fuel availability review to be completed by 2018 butwas ultimately completed in 2016. Therefore, by 2020, ships will be required to remove sulfur from emissions through the use of emission control equipment,or purchase marine fuel with 0.5% sulfur content, which may see increased demand and higher prices due to supply constraints. Installing pollution controlequipment or using lower sulfur fuel could result in significantly increased costs to our company. Similarly MARPOL Annex VI requires Tier III standards forNOx emissions to be applied to ships constructed and engines installed in ships operating in NOx ECAs from January 1, 2016.California has adopted more stringent low sulfur fuel requirements within California regulated waters. In addition, the IMO, the U.S. andstates within the U.S. have proposed or implemented requirements relating to the management of ballast water to prevent the harmful effects of foreigninvasive species.In February 2004, the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water andSediments (the “BWM Convention”). The BWM Convention’s implementing regulations call for a phased introduction of mandatory ballast water exchangerequirements, to be replaced in time with mandatory concentration limits, as well as other obligations, including recordkeeping requirements andimplementation of a Ballast Water and Sediments Management Plan. The BWM Convention stipulates that it will enter into force twelve months after it hasbeen adopted by at least 30 states, the combined merchant fleets of which represent at least 35% of the gross tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping. WithFinland’s accession to the Agreement on September 8, 2016, the 35% threshold was reached, and the BWM convention will enter into force on September 8,2017. As of February 7, 2017, the BWM Convention had 54 contracting states for 53.30% of world gross tonnage. The BWM Convention requires ships tomanage ballast water in a manner that removes, renders harmless or avoids the update or discharge of aquatic organisms and pathogens within ballast waterand sediment. Recently updated Ballast Water and Sediment Management Plan guidance includes more robust testing and performance specifications. Theentry of the BWM Convention and revised guidance will likely result in additional compliance costs.The operation of vessels is also affected by the requirements set forth in the International Safety Management (“ISM”) Code. The ISMCode requires shipowners and bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive “Safety Management System” that includes the adoption of a safetyand environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe vessel operation and describing procedures for dealing withemergencies. In addition, the IMO has introduced the first ever mandatory measures for an international greenhouse gas reduction regime for a globalindustry sector. These energy efficiency measures took effect on January 1, 2013 and apply to all ships of 400 gross tonnage and above. They include thedevelopment of a ship energy efficiency management plan (“SEEMP”) which is akin to a safety management plan, with which the industry will have tocomply. The failure of a ship owner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code and IMO measures may subject such party to increased liability, maydecrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels, and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports.We operate a fleet of dry cargo vessels that are subject to national and international laws governing pollution from such vessels. Severalinternational conventions impose and limit pollution liability from vessels. An owner of a tanker vessel carrying a cargo of “persistent oil” as defined by theInternational Convention for Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (the “CLC”) is subject under the convention to strict liability for any pollution damagecaused in a contracting state by an escape or discharge from cargo or bunker tanks. This liability is subject to a financial limit calculated by reference to thetonnage of the ship, and the right to limit liability may be lost if the spill is caused by the shipowner’s intentional or reckless conduct. Liability may also beincurred under the CLC for a bunker spill from the vessel even when she is not carrying such cargo, but is in ballast.When a tanker is carrying clean oil products that do not constitute “persistent oil” that would be covered under the CLC, liability for anypollution damage will generally fall outside the CLC and will depend on other international conventions or domestic 13 Table of Contentslaws in the jurisdiction where the spillage occurs. The same principle applies to any pollution from the vessel in a jurisdiction which is not a party to theCLC. The CLC applies in over 100 jurisdictions around the world, but it does not apply in the United States, where the corresponding liability laws such asthe Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (the “OPA”) discussed below, are particularly stringent.For vessel operations not covered by the CLC, including those operated under our fleet, at present, including those operated under ourfleet, international liability for oil pollution is governed by the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (the “BunkerConvention”). In 2001, the IMO adopted the Bunker Convention, which imposes strict liability on shipowners for pollution damage and response costsincurred in contracting states caused by discharges, or threatened discharges, of bunker oil from all classes of ships not covered by the CLC. The BunkerConvention also requires registered owners of ships over a certain size to maintain insurance to cover their liability for pollution damage in an amount equalto the limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitation regime, including liability limits calculated in accordance with theConvention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976, as amended (the “1976 Convention”), discussed in more detail in the following paragraph.The Bunker Convention became effective in contracting states on November 21, 2008 and as of February 7, 2017, had 83 contracting states. Innon-contracting states, liability for such bunker oil pollution typically is determined by the national or other domestic laws in the jurisdiction where thespillage occurs.The CLC and Bunker Convention also provide vessel owners a right to limit their liability, depending on the applicable national orinternational regime. The CLC includes its own liability limits. The 1976 Convention is the most widely applicable international regime limiting maritimepollution liability. Rights to limit liability under the 1976 Convention are forfeited where a spill is caused by a shipowner’s intentional or reckless conduct.Certain jurisdictions have ratified the IMO’s Protocol of 1996 to the 1976 Convention, referred to herein as the “Protocol of 1996.” The Protocol of 1996provides for substantially higher liability limits in those jurisdictions than the limits set forth in the 1976 Convention. Finally, some jurisdictions, such as theUnited States, are not a party to either the 1976 Convention or the Protocol of 1996, and, therefore, a shipowner’s rights to limit liability for maritimepollution in such jurisdictions may be uncertain.Environmental legislation in the United States merits particular mention as it is in many respects more onerous than international laws,representing a high-water mark of regulation with which ship owners and operators must comply, and of liability likely to be incurred in the event ofnon-compliance or an incident causing pollution.Such regulation may become even stricter if laws are changed as a result of the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf ofMexico. In the United States, the Oil Pollution Act (“OPA”) establishes an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of theenvironment from cargo and bunker oil spills from vessels, including tankers. The OPA covers all owners and operators whose vessels trade in the UnitedStates, its territories and possessions or whose vessels operate in United States waters, which includes the United States’ territorial sea and its 200 nauticalmile exclusive economic zone. Under the OPA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are “responsible parties” and are jointly, severally andstrictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up costs andother damages arising from discharges or substantial threats of discharges, of oil from their vessels. In response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil incident inthe Gulf of Mexico, the U.S. House of Representatives passed and the U.S. Senate considered but did not pass a bill to strengthen certain requirements of theOPA; similar legislation may be introduced in the future.In addition to potential liability under the federal OPA, vessel owners may in some instances incur liability on an even more stringentbasis under state law in the particular state where the spillage occurred. For example, California regulations prohibit the discharge of oil, require an oilcontingency plan be filed with the state, require that the ship owner contract with an oil response organization and require a valid certificate of financialresponsibility, all prior to the vessel entering state waters.In recent years, the EU has become increasingly active in the field of regulation of maritime safety and protection of the environment. Insome areas of regulation the EU has introduced new laws without attempting to procure a corresponding amendment to international law. Notably, the EUadopted in 2005 a directive, as amended in 2009, on ship-source pollution, imposing criminal sanctions for pollution not only where pollution is caused byintent or recklessness (which would be an offence under MARPOL), but also where it is caused by “serious negligence.” The concept of “serious negligence”may be interpreted in practice to be little more than ordinary negligence. The directive could therefore result in criminal liability being incurred incircumstances where it would not be incurred under international law. In February 2017, EU member states met to consider independently regulating theshipping industry under the Emissions Trading System (“ETS”), which requires ETS-regulated businesses to report on carbon emissions and provides for acredit trading system for carbon allowances. On February 15, 2017, European Parliament voted in favor of a bill to include maritime shipping in the ETS by2023 if the IMO has not promulgated a comparable system by 2021. If the bill becomes law, the ETS may result in additional compliance costs for ourvessels.In response to the Deepwater Horizon incident, the European Union has issued Directive 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and ofthe Council of June 12, 2013 on safety of offshore oil and gas operations. The objective of this Directive is to reduce as much as possible the occurrence ofmajor accidents relating to offshore oil and gas operations and to limit their consequences, thus increasing the protection of the marine environment andcoastal economies against pollution, establishing minimum conditions for safe 14 Table of Contentsoffshore exploration and exploitation of oil and gas and limiting possible disruptions to European Union indigenous energy production, and to improve theresponse mechanisms in case of an accident. The Directive was implemented on July 19, 2015. As far as the environment is concerned, the UK has variousnew or amended regulations such as: the Offshore Petroleum Activities (Offshore Safety Directive) (Environmental Functions) Regulations 2015 (OSDEF),the 2015 amendments to the Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation Convention) Regulations 1998 (OPRC 1998) andother environmental Directive requirements, specifically the Environmental Management System and (ii) the Offshore Petroleum Licensing (Offshore SafetyDirective) Regulations 2015 will implement the licensing Directive requirements.Criminal liability for a pollution incident could not only result in us incurring substantial penalties or fines, but may also, in somejurisdictions, facilitate civil liability claims for greater compensation than would otherwise have been payable.We maintain insurance coverage for each owned vessel in our fleet against pollution liability risks in the amount of $1.0 billion in theaggregate for any one event. The insured risks include penalties and fines as well as civil liabilities and expenses resulting from accidental pollution.However, this insurance coverage is subject to exclusions, deductibles and other terms and conditions. If any liabilities or expenses fall within an exclusionfrom coverage, or if damages from a catastrophic incident exceed the aggregate liability of $1.0 billion for any one event, our cash flow, profitability andfinancial position would be adversely impacted.Climate change and government laws and regulations related to climate change could negatively impact our financial condition.Regarding climate change in particular, we are and will be, directly and indirectly, subject to the effects of climate change and may,directly or indirectly, be affected by government laws and regulations related to climate change. A number of countries have adopted or are considering theadoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In the U.S., the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) has declaredgreenhouse gases to be dangerous pollutants and has issued greenhouse gas reporting requirements for emissions sources in certain industries (which does notinclude the shipping industry). EPA does require owners of vessels subject to MARPOL Annex VI to maintain records for nitrogen oxides standards andin-use fuel specifications.In addition, while the emissions of greenhouse gases from international shipping are not subject to the Kyoto Protocol to the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which requires adopting countries to implement national programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,the IMO intends to develop limits on greenhouse gases from international shipping. In 2011, it responded to the global focus on climate change andgreenhouse gas emissions by developing specific technical and operational efficiency measures and a work plan for market-based mechanisms. These includethe mandatory measures of the ship energy efficiency management (“SEEMP”), outlined above, and an energy efficiency design index (“EEDI”) for newships. Over the past few years, the IMO has considered its position on market-based measures. However, the international discussions have yet to bringagreement on global market-based measures or other instruments that would cut greenhouse gas emissions from the international maritime transport sector asa whole, including existing ships. A third IMO study (2014) on Greenhouse gases has been approved. Among the numerous proposals being considered bythe working group are the following: a port state levy based on the amount of fuel consumed by the vessel on its voyage to the port in question; a globalemissions trading scheme which would allocate emissions allowances and set an emissions cap; and an international fund establishing a global reductiontarget for international shipping, to be set either by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (“UNFCCC”) or the IMO. At its 64thsession in 2012, the MEPC indicated that 2015 was the target year for Member States to identify market-based measures for international shipping. At its66th session in 2014, the MEPC continued its work on developing technical and operational measures relating to energy-efficiency measures for ships,following the entry into force of the mandatory efficiency measures which became effective January 1, 2013. It adopted the 2014 Guidelines on the Methodof Calculation of the Attained EEDI, applicable to new ships. It further adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI concerning the extension of the scope ofapplication of the EEDI to LNG fuel carriers, ro-ro cargo ships, ro-ro cargo ships (vehicle carriers), ro-ro passenger ships and cruise passengers ships withnonconventional propulsion. At its 67th session (in 2014), the MEPC adopted the 2014 Guidelines on survey and certification of the EEDI, updating theprevious version to reference ships fitted with dual-fuel engines using LNG and liquid fuel oil. The MEPC also adopted amendments to the 2013 InterimGuidelines for determining minimum propulsion power to maintain the maneuverabilityof ships in adverse conditions, to make the guidelines applicable tophase 1 (starting January 1, 2015) of the EEDI requirements. At its 68th session (2015), the MEPC amended the 2014 Guidelines on EEDI survey andcertification as well as the method of calculating of EEDI for new ships, the latter of which was again amended at the 70th session (2016). At its 70th session,the MEPC also adopted mandatory requirements for ships of 5,000 gross tonnage or greater to collect fuel consumption data for each type of fuel used, andreport the data to the flag State after the end of each calendar year. In December 2011, UN climate change conference (the “Durban Conference”) took placein Durban and concluded with an agreement referred to as the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. The Durban Conference did not result in any proposalsspecifically addressing the shipping industry’s role in climate change but the progress that has been made by the IMO in this area was widely acknowledgedthroughout the negotiating bodies of the UNFCCC process and an ad hoc working group was established.Although regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in the shipping industry was discussed during the 2015 UN Climate ChangeConference in Paris (the “Paris Conference”), the agreement reached among the 195 nations did not expressly reference the shipping industry. Following theParis Conference, the IMO announced it would continue its efforts on this issue at the MEPC, and at its 70th session, the MEPC approved a Roadmap fordeveloping a comprehensive GHG emissions reduction strategy for ships, which 15 Table of Contentsincludes the goal of adopting an initial strategy and emission reduction commitments in 2018. The Roadmap also provides for additional studies and furtherintersessional work, to be continued at the 71st session in 2017, with a goal of adopting a revised strategy in 2023 to include short-, mid- and long-termreduction measures and schedules for implementation.The European Union announced in April 2007 that it planned to expand the European Union emissions trading scheme by addingvessels, and a proposal from the European Commission was expected if no global regime for reduction of seaborne emissions had been agreed to by the endof 2011. As of January 31, 2013 the European Commission has stopped short of proposing that emissions from ships be included in the EU’s emissions-trading scheme (ETS). However on October 1, 2012 it announced that it would propose measures to monitor, verify and report on greenhouse-gas emissionsfrom the shipping sector. On June 28, 2013, the European Commission adopted a communication setting out a strategy for progressively includinggreenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport in the EU’s policy for reducing its overall greenhouse emissions. The first step proposed by the EuropeanCommission was an EU Regulation to an EU-wide system for the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from large ships startingin 2018. The EU Regulation (2015/757) was adopted on April 29, 2015 and took effect on July 1, 2015, with monitoring, reporting and verificationrequirements beginning on January 1, 2018. This Regulation may be seen as indicative of an intention to maintain pressure on the international negotiatingprocess. The EC also adopted an Implementing Regulation, which entered into force in November 2016, setting templates for monitoring plans, emissionsreports and compliance documents pursuant to Regulation 2015/757.We cannot predict with any degree of certainty what effect, if any possible climate change and government laws and regulations relatedto climate change will have on our operations, whether directly or indirectly. However, we believe that climate change, including the possible increase insevere weather events resulting from climate change, and government laws and regulations related to climate change may affect, directly or indirectly, (i) thecost of the vessels we may acquire in the future, (ii) our ability to continue to operate as we have in the past, (iii) the cost of operating our vessels, and(iv) insurance premiums, deductibles and the availability of coverage. As a result, our financial condition could be negatively impacted by significantclimate change and related governmental regulation, and that impact could be material.We are subject to vessel security regulations and will incur costs to comply with recently adopted regulations and we may be subject to costs to complywith similar regulations that may be adopted in the future in response to terrorism.Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of initiatives intended to enhance vessel security. OnNovember 25, 2002, the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or MTSA, came into effect. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, in July 2003,the U.S. Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to thejurisdiction of the United States. Similarly, in December 2002, amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, or SOLAS, created anew chapter of the convention dealing specifically with maritime security. The new chapter went into effect in July 2004, and imposes various detailedsecurity obligations on vessels and port authorities, most of which are contained in the newly created International Ship and Port Facilities Code, or ISPSCode. Among the various requirements are: • on-board installation of automatic information systems, or AIS, to enhance vessel-to-vessel and vessel-to-shore communications; • on-board installation of ship security alert systems; • the development of vessel security plans; and • compliance with flag state security certification requirements.Furthermore, additional security measures could be required in the future which could have a significant financial impact on us. The U.S.Coast Guard regulations, intended to be aligned with international maritime security standards, exempt non-U.S. vessels from MTSA vessel securitymeasures, provided such vessels have on board a valid International Ship Security Certificate, or ISSC, that attests to the vessel’s compliance with SOLASsecurity requirements and the ISPS Code. We will implement the various security measures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code and takemeasures for the vessels to attain compliance with all applicable security requirements within the prescribed time periods. Although management does notbelieve these additional requirements will have a material financial impact on our operations, there can be no assurance that there will not be an interruptionin operations to bring vessels into compliance with the applicable requirements and any such interruption could cause a decrease in charter revenues.Furthermore, additional security measures could be required in the future which could have a significant financial impact on us.The cost of vessel security measures has also been affected by the escalation in recent years in the frequency and seriousness of acts ofpiracy against ships, notably off the coast of Somalia, including the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea area. Attacks of this kind have commonly resulted invessels and their crews being detained for several months, and being released only on payment of large ransoms. Substantial loss of revenue and other costsmay be incurred as a result of such detention. Although we insure against these losses to the extent practicable, the risk remains of uninsured losses whichcould significantly affect our business. Costs are incurred in taking additional security measures in accordance with Best Management Practices to DeterPiracy, notably those contained in the BMP3 industry standard. A number of flag states have signed the 2009 New York Declaration, which expressescommitment to Best Management Practices in relation to piracy and calls for compliance with them as an essential part of compliance with the ISPS Code.Acts of piracy on ocean-going vessels have increased in frequency and magnitude, which could adversely affect our business.The shipping industry has historically been affected by acts of piracy in regions such as the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Gulfof Aden off the coast of Somalia and the Red Sea. Although the frequency of sea piracy worldwide decreased during 2013 to its lowest level since its increasein 2009, sea piracy incidents continue to occur, particularly in the Gulf of Aden and towards the Mozambique Channel in the North Indian Ocean andincreasingly in the Gulf of Guinea. A significant example of the heightened level of 16 Table of Contentspiracy came in February 2011 when the M/V Irene SL, a crude oil tanker which was not affiliated with us, was captured by pirates in the Arabian Sea whilecarrying crude oil estimated to be worth approximately $200 million. In December 2009, the Navios Apollon, a vessel owned by our affiliate, NaviosMaritime Partners L.P. (“Navios Partners”), was seized by pirates 800 miles off the coast of Somalia while transporting fertilizer from Tampa, Florida to Rozi,India and was released on February 27, 2010. In January 2014, a vessel owned by our affiliate, Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation (“NaviosAcquisition”), the Nave Atropos, was attacked by a pirate action group in international waters off the coast of Yemen and in February 2016, the Nave Jupiter,a vessel also owned by Navios Acquisition, came under attack from pirate action groups on her way our from her loading terminal about 50 nautical miles offBayelsa, Nigeria. The crew and the on-board security team successfully implemented a counter piracy action plan and standard operating procedures anddeterred the attacks with no consequences to the vessels or the crew. If these piracy attacks result in regions (in which our vessels are deployed) beingcharacterized by insurers as “war risk” zones or Joint War Committee (JWC) “war and strikes” listed areas, premiums payable for such insurance coveragecould increase significantly and such insurance coverage may be more difficult to obtain. Crew costs, including those due to employing onboard securityguards, could increase in such circumstances. While the use of security guards is intended to deter and prevent the hijacking of our vessels, it could alsoincrease our risk of liability for death or injury to persons or damage to personal property. In addition, while we believe the charterer remains liable for charterpayments when a vessel is seized by pirates, the charterer may dispute this and withhold charter hire until the vessel is released. A charterer may also claimthat a vessel seized by pirates was not “on-hire” for a certain number of days and it is therefore entitled to cancel the charter party, a claim that we woulddispute. We may not be adequately insured to cover losses from these incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, detentionhijacking as a result of an act of piracy against our vessels, or an increase in cost, or unavailability of insurance for our vessels, could have a material adverseimpact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Acts of piracy on ocean-going vessels could adversely affect our businessand operations.Political and government instability, terrorist attacks, increased hostilities or war could lead to further economic instability, increased costs anddisruption of our business.We are an international company and conduct our operations primarily outside the United States. Changing economic, political andgovernmental conditions in the countries where we are engaged in business or where our vessels are registered will affect us. Terrorist attacks, such as theattacks in the United States on September 11, 2001 and the United States’ continuing response to these attacks, and in Paris on January 7, 2015 and onNovember 13, 2015, the bombings in Spain on March 11, 2004 and in Brussels on March 22, 2016, and the attacks in London on July 7, 2005, the recentconflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Ukraine and other current and future conflicts, and the continuing response of the United States to these attacks, as wellas the threat of future terrorist attacks, continue to cause uncertainty in the world financial markets, including the energy markets. Continuing hostilities inthe Middle East may lead to additional armed conflicts or to further acts of terrorism and civil disturbance in the United States or elsewhere, which couldresult in increased volatility and turmoil in the financial markets and may contribute further to economic instability. Current and future conflicts and terroristattacks may adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, ability to raise capital and future growth. Terrorist attacks on vessels, such asthe October 2002 attack on the M/V Limburg, a VLCC not related to us, may in the future also negatively affect our operations and financial condition anddirectly impact our vessels or our customers.Furthermore, our operations may be adversely affected by changing or adverse political and governmental conditions in the countrieswhere our vessels are flagged or registered and in the regions where we otherwise engage in business. Any disruption caused by these factors may interferewith the operation of our vessels, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our operations may also be adversely affectedby expropriation of vessels, taxes, regulation, tariffs, trade embargoes, economic sanctions or a disruption of or limit to trading activities, or other adverseevents or circumstances in or affecting the countries and regions where we operate or where we may operate in the future.Governments could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in a loss of earningsA government could requisition title or seize our vessels. Requisition of title occurs when a government takes a vessel and becomes theowner. A government could also requisition our vessels for hire, which would result in the government’s taking control of a vessel and effectively becomingthe charterer at a dictated charter rate. Generally, requisitions occur during periods of war or emergency, although governments may elect to requisitionvessels in other circumstances. Requisition of one or more of our vessels would have a substantial negative effect on us as we would potentially lose allrevenues and earnings from the requisitioned vessels and permanently lose the vessels. Such losses might be partially offset if the requisitioning governmentcompensated us for the requisition.A failure to pass inspection by classification societies could result in one or more vessels being unemployable unless and until they pass inspection,resulting in a loss of revenues from such vessels for that period and a corresponding decrease in operating cash flows.The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be classed by a classification society authorized by its country of registry. Theclassification society certifies that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of thevessel and with SOLAS. Our owned fleet is currently enrolled with Nippon Kaiji Kiokai, Bureau Veritas, Lloyd’s Register, DNV GL and American Bureau ofShipping. 17 Table of ContentsA vessel must undergo an annual survey, an intermediate survey and a special survey. In lieu of a special survey, a vessel’s machinerymay be on a continuous survey cycle, under which the machinery would be surveyed periodically over a five-year period. Our vessels are on special surveycycles for hull inspection and continuous survey cycles for machinery inspection. Every vessel is also required to be drydocked every two to three years forinspection of the underwater parts of such vessel.If any vessel fails any annual survey, intermediate survey or special survey, the vessel may be unable to trade between ports and,therefore, would be unemployable, potentially causing a negative impact on our revenues due to the loss of revenues from such vessel until she is able totrade again.Increased inspection procedures and tighter import and export controls could increase costs and disrupt our business.International shipping is subject to various security and customs inspection and related procedures in countries of origin and destinationand trans-shipment points. Inspection procedures may result in the seizure of contents of our vessels, delays in the loading, offloading, trans-shipment ordelivery and the levying of customs duties, fines or other penalties against us.It is possible that changes to inspection procedures could impose additional financial and legal obligations on us. Changes to inspectionprocedures could also impose additional costs and obligations on our customers and may, in certain cases, render the shipment of certain types of cargouneconomical or impractical. Any such changes or developments may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financialcondition.The shipping industry has inherent operational risks that may not be adequately covered by our insurance.The operation of ocean-going vessels in international trade is inherently risky. Although we carry insurance for our fleet covering riskscommonly insured against by vessel owners and operators, such as hull and machinery insurance, war risks insurance and protection and indemnity insurance(which include environmental damage and pollution insurance), all risks may not be adequately insured against, and any particular claim may not be paid.We do not currently maintain strike or off-hire insurance, which would cover the loss of revenue during extended vessel off-hire periods, such as those thatoccur during an unscheduled drydocking due to damage to the vessel from accidents except in cases of loss of hire up to a limited number of days due to waror a piracy event. Accordingly, any extended period in which a vessel is off-hire, due to an accident or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on ourbusiness. Any claims covered by insurance would be subject to deductibles, and since it is possible that a large number of claims may be brought, theaggregate amount of these deductibles could be material.We may be unable to procure adequate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates in the future. For example, more stringentenvironmental regulations have led in the past to increased costs for, and in the future may result in the lack of availability of, insurance against risks ofenvironmental damage or pollution. A catastrophic oil spill or marine disaster could exceed our insurance coverage, which could harm our business, financialcondition and operating results. Changes in the insurance markets attributable to terrorist attacks may also make certain types of insurance more difficult forus to obtain. In addition, the insurance that may be available to us in the future may be significantly more expensive than our existing coverage.Even if our insurance coverage is adequate to cover our losses, we may not be able to timely obtain a replacement vessel in the event of aloss. Furthermore, in the future, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates for our fleet. Our insurance policies also containdeductibles, limitations and exclusions which can result in significant increased overall costs to us.Because we obtain some of our insurance through protection and indemnity associations, we may also be subject to calls, or premiums, in amounts basednot only on our own claim records, but also on the claim records of all other members of the protection and indemnity associations.We may be subject to calls, or premiums, in amounts based not only on our claim records but also on the claim records of all othermembers of the protection and indemnity associations through which we receive insurance coverage for tort liability, including pollution-related liability.Our payment of these calls could result in significant expenses to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations andfinancial condition.Maritime claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our cash flow.Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo, and other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien againsta vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages against such vessel. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lien holder may enforce its lien by arresting a vesselthrough foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of our vessels could interrupt our cash flow and require us to pay large sums of fundsto have the arrest lifted. We are not currently aware of the existence of any such maritime lien on our vessels. 18 Table of ContentsIn addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the “sister ship” theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both the vesselwhich is subject to the claimant’s maritime lien and any “associated” vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants could tryto assert “sister ship” liability against one vessel in our fleet for claims relating to another ship in the fleet.The risks and costs associated with vessels increase as the vessels age.The costs to operate and maintain a vessel in operation increase with the age of the vessel. The average age of the vessels in our fleet is8.0 years, and most dry bulk vessels have an expected life of approximately 25 years. In some instances, charterers prefer newer vessels that are more fuelefficient than older vessels. Cargo insurance rates also increase with the age of a vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers as well.Governmental regulations, safety or other equipment standards related to the age of the vessels may require expenditures for alterations or the addition of newequipment to our vessels and may restrict the type of activities in which these vessels may engage. We cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, marketconditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their useful lives. If we sell vessels, we mayhave to sell them at a loss, and if charterers no longer charter-out vessels due to their age, our earnings could be materially adversely affected.Technological innovation could reduce our charter hire income and the value of our vessels.The charter hire rates and the value and operational life of a vessel are determined by a number of factors including the vessel’sefficiency, operational flexibility and physical life. Efficiency includes speed, fuel economy and the ability to load and discharge cargo quickly. Flexibilityincludes the ability to enter harbors, utilize related docking facilities and pass through canals and straits. The length of a vessel’s physical life is related to itsoriginal design and construction, its maintenance and the impact of the stress of operations. If new vessels are built that are more efficient or more flexible orhave longer physical lives than our vessels, competition from these more technologically advanced vessels could adversely affect the amount of charter hirepayments we receive for our vessels and the resale value of our vessels could significantly decrease. As a result, our results of operations and financialcondition could be adversely affected.We may be required to make significant investments in ballast water management which may have a material adverse effect on our future performance,results of operations, and financial position.The International Convention for the Control and Management of Vessels’ Ballast Water and Sediments, or the BWM Convention, aimsto prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms from one region to another, by establishing standards and procedures for the management and control ofships’ ballast water and sediments. The BWM Convention calls for a phased introduction of mandatory ballast water exchange requirements to be replaced intime with mandatory concentration limits. Investments in ballast water treatment may have a material adverse effect on our future performance, results ofoperations, cash flows and financial position.If we fail to manage our planned growth properly, we may not be able to expand our fleet successfully, which may adversely affect our overall financialposition.We have grown our fleet and business significantly. We intend to continue to expand our fleet in the future. Our growth will depend on: • locating and acquiring suitable vessels; • identifying reputable shipyards with available capacity and contracting with them for the construction of new vessels; • integrating any acquired vessels successfully with our existing operations; • enhancing our customer base; • managing our expansion; and • obtaining required financing, which could include debt, equity or combinations thereof.Additionally, the marine transportation and logistics industries are capital intensive, traditionally using substantial amounts ofindebtedness to finance vessel acquisitions, capital expenditures and working capital needs. If we finance the purchase of our vessels through the issuance ofdebt securities, it could result in: • default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating cash flow after a business combination or asset acquisition were insufficientto pay our debt obligations; 19 Table of Contents • acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we have made all principal and interest payments when due if thedebt security contained covenants that required the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves and any such covenant wasbreached without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant; • our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security was payable on demand; and • our inability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, if the debt security contained covenants restricting our ability to obtainadditional financing while such security was outstanding.In addition, our business plan and strategy is predicated on buying vessels at what we believe is near the low end of the cycle in what hastypically been a cyclical industry. However, there is no assurance that shipping rates and vessels asset values will not sink lower, or that there will be anupswing in shipping costs or vessel asset values in the near-term or at all, in which case our business plan and strategy may not succeed in the near-term or atall. Growing any business by acquisition presents numerous risks such as undisclosed liabilities and obligations, difficulty experienced in obtainingadditional qualified personnel and managing relationships with customers and suppliers and integrating newly acquired operations into existinginfrastructures. We may not be successful in growing and may incur significant expenses and losses.If we purchase any newbuilding vessels, delays, cancellations or non-completion of deliveries of newbuilding vessels could harm our operating results.If we purchase any newbuilding vessels, the shipbuilder could fail to deliver the newbuilding vessel as agreed or their counterparty couldcancel the purchase contract if the shipbuilder fails to meet its obligations. In addition, under charters we may enter into that are related to a newbuilding, ifour delivery of the newbuilding to our customer is delayed, we may be required to pay liquidated damages during such delay. For prolonged delays, thecustomer may terminate the charter and, in addition to the resulting loss of revenues, we may be responsible for additional, substantial liquidated damages.We do not derive any revenue from a vessel until after its delivery and are required to pay substantial sums as progress payments during construction of anewbuilding. While we expect to have refund guarantees from financial institutions with respect to such progress payments in the event the vessel is notdelivered by the shipyard or is otherwise not accepted by us, there is the potential that we may not be able to collect all portions of such refund guarantees, inwhich case we would lose the amounts we have advanced to the shipyards for such progress payments.The completion and delivery of newbuildings could be delayed, cancelled or otherwise not completed because of: • quality or engineering problems; • changes in governmental regulations or maritime self-regulatory organization standards; • work stoppages or other labor disturbances at the shipyard; • bankruptcy or other financial crisis of the shipbuilder; • a backlog of orders at the shipyard; • political or economic disturbances; • weather interference or catastrophic event, such as a major earthquake or fire; • requests for changes to the original vessel specifications; • shortages of or delays in the receipt of necessary construction materials, such as steel; • inability to finance the construction or conversion of the vessels; or • inability to obtain requisite permits or approvals.If delivery of a vessel is materially delayed, it could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and ourability to make cash distributions.Although we have long-standing relationships with certain Japanese shipowners that provide us access to competitive contracts, we cannot assure you thatwe will always be able to maintain such relationships or that such contracts will continue to be available in the future.We have long-standing relationships with certain Japanese shipowners that give us access to time charters at favorable rates and that, insome cases, include options to purchase the vessels at favorable prices relative to the current market. We cannot assure you that we will have suchrelationships indefinitely. In addition, there is no assurance that Japanese shipowners will generally make contracts available on the same or substantiallysimilar terms in the future. 20 Table of ContentsThe smuggling of drugs or other contraband onto our vessels may lead to governmental claims against us.We expect that our vessels will call in ports in South America and other areas where smugglers attempt to hide drugs and othercontraband on vessels, with or without the knowledge of crew members. To the extent our vessels are found with contraband, whether inside or attached tothe hull of our vessel and whether with or without the knowledge of any of our crew, we may face governmental or other regulatory claims which could havean adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.Our vessels may be subject to unbudgeted periods of off-hire, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.Under the terms of the charter agreements under which our vessels operate, or are expected to operate in the case of a newbuilding, whena vessel is “off-hire,” or not available for service or otherwise deficient in its condition or performance, the charterer generally is not required to pay the hirerate, and we will be responsible for all costs (including the cost of bunker fuel) unless the charterer is responsible for the circumstances giving rise to the lackof availability. A vessel generally will be deemed to be off-hire if there is an occurrence preventing the full working of the vessel due to, among other things: • operational deficiencies; • the removal of a vessel from the water for repairs, maintenance or inspection, which is referred to as drydocking; • equipment breakdowns; • delays due to accidents or deviations from course; • occurrence of hostilities in the vessel’s flag state or in the event of piracy; • crewing strikes, labor boycotts, certain vessel detentions or similar problems; or • our failure to maintain the vessel in compliance with its specifications, contractual standards and applicable country of registryand international regulations or to provide the required crew.Under some of our charters, the charterer is permitted to terminate the time charter if the vessel is off-hire for an extended period, which isgenerally defined as a period of 90 or more consecutive off-hire days. Under some circumstances, an event of force majeure may also permit the charterer toterminate the time charter or suspend payment of charter hire.As we do not maintain off-hire insurance except in cases of loss of hire up to a limited number of days due to war or piracy events anyextended off-hire period could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.Our international activities increase the compliance risks associated with economic and trade sanctions imposed by the United States, the European Unionand other jurisdictions.Our international operations and activities could expose us to risks associated with trade and economic sanctions prohibitions or otherrestrictions imposed by the United States or other governments or organizations, including the United Nations, the European Union and its member countries.Under economic and trade sanctions laws, governments may seek to impose modifications or prohibitions/restrictions on business practices and activities,and modifications to compliance programs, which may increase compliance costs, and, in the event of a violation, may subject us to fines and other penalties.IranDuring the last few years, the scope of sanctions imposed against the government of Iran and persons engaging in certain activities ordoing certain business with and relating to Iran was expanded by a number of jurisdictions, including the United States, the European Union and Canada. In2010, the U.S. enacted the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions Accountability and Divestment Act (“CISADA”), which expanded the scope of the former IranSanctions Act. The scope of U.S. sanctions against Iran were expanded subsequent to CISADA by, among other U.S. laws, the National Defense AuthorizationAct of 2012 (the “2012 NDAA”), the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“ITRA”), Executive Order 13662, and the Iran Freedom andCounter-Proliferation Act of 2012 (“IFCA”). The foregoing laws, among other things, expanded the application of prohibitions to non-U.S. companies, suchas our company, and introduced limits on the ability of companies and persons to do business or trade with Iran when such activities relate to specificactivities such as investment in Iran, the supply or export of refined petroleum or refined petroleum products to Iran, the supply 21 Table of Contentsand delivery of goods to Iran which could enhance Iran’s petroleum or energy sectors, and the transportation of crude oil from Iran to countries which do notenjoy Iran crude oil sanctions waivers (some of our tankers called in Iran but did not engage in the prohibited activities specifically identified by thesesanctions).U.S. economic sanctions on Iran fall into two general categories: “Primary” sanctions, which prohibit U.S. companies and their foreignbranches, U.S. citizens, U.S. permanent residents and persons within the territory of the United States from engaging in all direct and indirect trade and othertransactions with Iran without U.S. government authorization, and “secondary” sanctions, which are mainly nuclear-related sanctions. While most of thenuclear-related sanctions with respect to Iran (including, inter alia, CISADA, ITRA, and IFCA) were lifted on January 16, 2016 through the implementation ofthe Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (“JCPOA”) entered into between the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (China, France,Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) and Germany, there are still certain limitations in place with which we need to comply. The primarysanctions with which U.S. persons or transactions with a U.S. nexus must comply are still in force and have not been lifted or relaxed, except in a very limitedfashion. Additionally, the sanctions lifted under the JCPOA could be reimposed (“snapped back”) at any time if Iran violates the JCPOA.After the lifting of most of the nuclear-related sanctions on January 16, 2016, EU sanctions remain in place in relation to the export ofarms and military goods listed in the EU common military list, missiles-related goods and items that might be used for internal repression. The main nuclear-related EU sanctions which remain in place include restrictions on: i.Graphite and certain raw or semi-finished metals such as corrosion-resistant high-grade steel, iron, aluminium and alloys, titanium and alloys andnickel and alloys (as listed in Annex VIIB to EU Regulation 267/2012 as updated by EU Regulation 2015/1861 (the “EU Regulation”); ii.Goods listed in the Nuclear Suppliers Group list (listed in Annex I to the EU Regulation); iii.Goods that could contribute to nuclear-related or other activities inconsistent with the JCPOA (as listed in Annex II to the EU Regulation); and iv.Software designed for use in nuclear/military industries (as listed in Annex VIIA to the EU Regulation).Dealing with the above is no longer prohibited, but prior authorization must be obtained first and is granted on a case-by-case basis. Theremaining restrictions apply to the sale, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly to any Iranian person/for use in Iran, as well as the provision oftechnical assistance, financing or financial assistance in relation to the restricted activity. Certain individuals and entities remain sanctioned and theprohibition to make available, directly or indirectly, economic resources or assets to or for the benefit of sanctioned parties remains. “Economic resources” iswidely defined and it remains prohibited to provide vessels for a fixture from which a sanctioned party (or parties related to a sanctioned party) directly orindirectly benefits. It is therefore still necessary to carry out due diligence on the parties and cargoes involved in fixtures involving Iran.Russia/UkraineAs a result of the crisis in Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, both the U.S. and EU have implemented sanctionsagainst certain persons and entities.The EU has imposed travel bans and asset freezes on certain persons and entities pursuant to which it is prohibited to make available,directly or indirectly, economic resources or assets to or for the benefit of the sanctioned parties. Certain Russian ports including Kerch Commercial Seaport;Sevastopol Commercial Seaport and Port Feodosia are subject to the above restrictions. Other entities are subject to sectoral sanctions which limit theprovision of loans or credit to the listed entities. In addition, various restrictions on trade have been implemented which, amongst others, include aprohibition on the import into the EU of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol as well as restrictions on trade in certain dual-use and military items andrestrictions in relation to various items of technology associated with the oil industry for use in deep water exploration and production, Arctic oil explorationand production or shale oil projects in Russia. As such, it is important to carry out due diligence on the parties and cargoes involved in fixtures relating toRussia.The U.S. has imposed sanctions against certain designated Russian entities and individuals (“U.S. Russian Sanctions Targets”). Thesesanctions block the property and all interests in property of the U.S. Russian Sanctions Targets. This effectively prohibits U.S. persons from engaging in anyeconomic or commercial transactions with the U.S. Russian Sanctions Targets unless the same are authorized by the U.S. Treasury Department. Similar to EUsanctions, U.S. sanctions also entail restrictions on certain exports from the United States to Russia. While the prohibitions of these sanctions are not directlyapplicable to us, we have compliance measures in place to guard against transactions with U.S. Russian Sanctions Targets which may involve the UnitedStates or U.S. persons and thus implicate prohibitions. The United States also maintains prohibitions on imports from Crimea, and it has also tightenedrestrictions on exports of certain goods and technology to Russia. 22 Table of ContentsOther U.S. Economic Sanctions TargetsIn addition to Iran and certain Russian entities and individuals, as indicated above, the United States maintains economic sanctionsagainst Syria, Sudan, Cuba, North Korea, and sanctions against entities and individuals (such as entities and individuals in the foregoing targeted countries,designated terrorists, narcotics traffickers) whose names appear on the List of SDNs and Blocked Persons maintained by the U.S. Treasury Department(collectively, “Sanctions Targets”). We are subject to the prohibitions of these sanctions to the extent that any transaction or activity we engage in involvesSanctions Targets and a U.S. person or otherwise has a nexus to the United States.Other E.U. Economic Sanctions TargetsThe EU also maintains sanctions against Syria, Sudan, North Korea and certain other countries and against individuals listed by the EU.These restrictions apply to our operations and as such, to the extent that these countries may be involved in any business it is important to carry out checks toensure compliance with all relevant restrictions and to carry out due diligence checks on counterparties and cargoes.ComplianceAlthough we believe that we are in compliance with all applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations, and intend to maintainsuch compliance, there can be no assurance that we will be in compliance in the future, particularly as the scope of certain laws may be unclear and may besubject to changing interpretations, and the law may change. Moreover, despite, for example, relevant provisions in charter parties forbidding the use of ourvessels in trade that would violate economic sanctions, our charterers may nevertheless violate applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations as aresult of actions that do not involve us or our vessels, and those violations could in turn negatively affect our reputation and be imputed to us. In addition,given our relationship with Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners and Navios Midstream Partners L.P. (“Navios Midstream”), we cannot give any assurancethat an adverse finding against Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners or Navios Midstream by a governmental or legal authority or others with respect to thematters discussed herein or any future matter related to regulatory compliance by Navios Midstream, Navios Holdings or ourselves will not have a materialadverse impact on our business, reputation or the market price or trading of our common stock.We are constantly monitoring developments in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions that maintain economicsanctions against Iran, other countries, and other sanctions targets, including developments in implementation and enforcement of such sanctions programs.Expansion of sanctions programs, embargoes and other restrictions in the future (including additional designations of countries and persons subject tosanctions), or modifications in how existing sanctions are interpreted or enforced, could prevent our vessels from calling in ports in sanctioned countries orcould limit their cargoes. If any of the risks described above materialize, it could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.To reduce the risk of violating economic sanctions, we have a policy of compliance with applicable economic sanctions laws and haveimplemented and continue to implement and diligently follow compliance procedures to avoid economic sanctions violations.We could be materially adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and anti-corruption laws in otherapplicable jurisdictions.As an international shipping company, we may operate in countries known to have a reputation for corruption. The U.S. Foreign CorruptPractices Act of 1977 (the “FCPA”) and other anti-corruption laws and regulations in applicable jurisdictions generally prohibit companies registered withthe SEC and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Under the FCPA,U.S. companies may be held liable for some actions taken by strategic or local partners or representatives. Legislation in other countries includes the U.K.Bribery Act of 2010 (the “U.K. Bribery Act”) which is broader in scope than the FCPA because it does not contain an exception for facilitation payments. Weand our customers may be subject to these and similar anti-corruption laws in other applicable jurisdictions. Failure to comply with legal requirements couldexpose us to civil and/or criminal penalties, including fines, prosecution and significant reputational damage, all of which could materially and adverselyaffect our business and results of operations, including our relationships with our customers, and our financial results. Compliance with the FCPA, the U.K.Bribery Act and other applicable anti-corruption laws and related regulations and policies imposes potentially significant costs and operational burdens onus. Moreover, the compliance and monitoring mechanisms that we have in place including our Code of Ethics and our anti-bribery and anti-corruptionpolicy, may not adequately prevent or detect all possible violations under applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption legislation. However, we believe thatthe procedures we have in place to prevent bribery are adequate and that they should provide a defense inmost circumstances to a violation or a mitigation ofapplicable penalties, at least under the U.K. Bribery Act. 23 Table of ContentsOur Chairman and Chief Executive Officer holds approximately 26.9% of our common stock and will be able to exert considerable influence over ouractions; her failure to own a significant amount of our common stock or to be our Chief Executive Officer would constitute a default under our securedcredit facilities.Ms. Angeliki Frangou owns approximately 26.9% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, and has filed a Schedule 13Dindicating that she intends, subject to market conditions, to purchase in total $20.0 million of our common stock (as of April 12, 2017, she had purchasedapproximately $10.0 million of the total $20.0 million in value of our common stock). As the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and a significantstockholder, she has the power to exert considerable influence over our actions and the outcome of matters on which our stockholders are entitled to voteincluding the election of directors and other significant corporate actions. The interests of Ms. Frangou may be different from your interests. Furthermore, ifMs. Frangou ceases to hold a minimum of 20% of our common stock, does not remain actively involved in the business, or ceases to be our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, then we will be in default under our secured credit facilities.The loss of key members of our senior management team could disrupt the management of our business.We believe that our success depends on the continued contributions of the members of our senior management team, including Ms.Angeliki Frangou, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and principal stockholder. The loss of the services of Ms. Frangou or one of our other executiveofficers or senior management members could impair our ability to identify and secure new charter contracts, to maintain good customer relations and tootherwise manage our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance and our ability to compete.We may be unable to attract and retain qualified, skilled employees or crew necessary to operate our business or may have to pay substantially increasedcosts for our employees and crew.Our success will depend in part on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain highly skilled and qualified personnel. In crewing ourvessels, we require technically skilled employees with specialized training who can perform physically demanding work. Competition to attract, hire, trainand retain qualified crew members is intense. In addition, recently, the limited supply of, and increased demand for, well-qualified crew members, due to theincrease in the size of global shipping fleet, has created upward pressure on crewing costs, which we generally bear under our period, time and spot charters. Ifwe are not able to increase our hire rates to compensate for any crew cost increases, our business, financial condition and results of operations may beadversely affected. Any inability we experience in the future to attract, hire, train and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees could impair ourability to manage, maintain and grow our business.Certain of our directors, officers, and principal stockholders are affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to those conducted by uswhich may compete directly with us, causing such persons to have conflicts of interest.Some of our directors, officers and principal stockholders have affiliations with entities that have similar business activities to thoseconducted by us. Certain of our directors are also directors of other shipping companies and they may enter similar businesses in the future. These otheraffiliations and business activities may give rise to certain conflicts of interest in the course of such individuals’ affiliation with us. Although we do notprevent our directors, officers and principal stockholders from having such affiliations, we use our best efforts to cause such individuals to comply with allapplicable laws and regulations in addressing such conflicts of interest. Our officers and employee directors devote their full time and attention to ourongoing operations, and our non-employee directors devote such time as is necessary and required to satisfy their duties as directors of a public company.Because we generate substantially all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but incur a portion of our expenses in other currencies, exchange rate fluctuationscould cause us to suffer exchange rate losses, thereby increasing expenses and reducing income.We engage in worldwide commerce with a variety of entities. Although our operations may expose us to certain levels of foreigncurrency risk, our transactions are predominantly U.S. dollar-denominated at the present. Additionally, our South American subsidiaries transact a nominalamount of their operations in Uruguayan pesos, Paraguayan Guaranies, Argentinean pesos and Brazilian Reales, whereas our wholly-owned vesselsubsidiaries and the vessel management subsidiaries transact a nominal amount of their operations in Euros; however, all of the subsidiaries’ primary cashflows are U.S. dollar-denominated. In 2016, approximately 42.7% of our expenses were incurred in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Transactions incurrencies other than the functional currency are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the date of each transaction. Expenses incurred in foreigncurrencies against which the U.S. dollar falls in value can increase, thereby decreasing our income. A change in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar andeach of the foreign currencies listed above of 1.00% would change our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2016 by $1.4 million. 24 Table of ContentsFor example, as of December 31, 2016, the value of the U.S. dollar as compared to the Euro increased by approximately 3.6% comparedwith the respective value as of December 31, 2015. A greater percentage of our transactions and expenses in the future may be denominated in currenciesother than U.S. dollar. As part of our overall risk management policy, we attempt to hedge these risks in exchange rate fluctuations from time to time. We maynot always be successful in such hedging activities and, as a result, our operating results could suffer as a result of non-hedged losses incurred as a result ofexchange rate fluctuations.We are incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, which does not have a well-developed body of corporate law.Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated articles of incorporation and by-laws and by the Marshall IslandsBusiness Corporations Act (“BCA”). The provisions of the BCA are intended to resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in theUnited States. However, there have been few judicial cases in the Republic of the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. The rights and fiduciaryresponsibilities of directors under the law of the Republic of the Marshall Islands are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities ofdirectors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in certain U.S. jurisdictions. Stockholder rights may differ as well. The BCA does specificallyincorporate the non-statutory law, or judicial case law, of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions. Accordingly,you may have more difficulty protecting your interests in the face of actions by management, directors or controlling stockholders than you would in the caseof a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware or other U.S. jurisdictions.We, and certain of our officers and directors, may be difficult to serve with process as we are incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and suchpersons may reside outside of the United States.We are a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and all of our assets are located outside of the United States. Inaddition, several of our directors and officers are residents of Greece or other non-U.S. jurisdictions. Substantial portions of the assets of these persons arelocated in Greece or other non-U.S. jurisdictions. Thus, it may not be possible for investors to affect service of process upon us, or our non-U.S. directors orofficers, or to enforce any judgment obtained against these persons in U.S. courts. Also, it may not be possible to enforce U.S. securities laws or judgmentsobtained in U.S. courts against these persons in a non-U.S. jurisdiction.Being a foreign private issuer exempts us from certain SEC and NYSE requirements.We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the“Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States public companies including: • the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports onForm 8-K; • the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registeredunder the Exchange Act; • the provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; and • the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities andestablishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction (i.e., a purchase and sale, or sale andpurchase, of the issuer’s equity securities within less than six months). • the obligation to obtain shareholder approval in connection with the approval of, and material revisions to, equity compensationplans.Because of these exemptions, investors are not afforded the same protections or information generally available to investors holdingshares in public companies organized in the United States.Risks Relating to Our Common StockOur stock price may be volatile, and investors in our common stock could lose all or part of their investment.The following factors could cause the price of our common stock in the public market to fluctuate significantly: • variations in our quarterly operating results; • changes in market valuations of companies in our industry; 25 Table of Contents • fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes; • issuance of common stock or other securities in the future; • the addition or departure of key personnel; • announcements by us or our competitors of new business or trade routes, acquisitions or joint ventures; and • the other factors discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report.Volatility in the market price of our common stock may prevent investors from being able to sell their common stock at or above theprice an investor pays for our common stock in an offering. In the past, class action litigation has often been brought against companies following periods ofvolatility in the market price of those companies’ common stock. We may become involved in this type of litigation in the future. Litigation is oftenexpensive and diverts management’s attention and company resources and could have a material effect on our business, financial condition and operatingresults.Risks Relating to Our Series G and Series H and the Depositary SharesOur Series G and Series H are subordinated to our debt obligations, and a holder’s interests could be diluted by the issuance of additional shares,including additional Series G, Series H and by other transactions.Our Series G, with a liquidation preference of $2,500.00 per share and our Series H, with a liquidation preference of $2,500.00 per share(the Series G and the Series H together referred to as the “Series G and H”), both represented by American Depositary Shares (the “Depositary Shares”), aresubordinated to all of our existing and future indebtedness. As of December 31, 2016, our total debt was $1,675.4 million. We may incur substantialadditional debt from time to time in the future, and the terms of the Series G and H do not limit the amount of indebtedness we may incur. In December 2015and February 2016, we announced the suspension of payment of quarterly dividends on our common stock and on the Series G and Series H, respectively.The payment of principal and interest on our debt reduces cash available for distribution to us and on our shares, including the Series G and H and theDepositary Shares, should such dividends be reinstated.The issuance of additional preferred stock on a parity with or senior to our Series G and H would dilute the interests of the holders of ourSeries G and H, and any issuance of any preferred stock senior to or on parity with our Series G and H or additional indebtedness could affect our ability topay dividends on, redeem or pay the liquidation preference on our Series G and H. No provisions relating to our Series G and H protect the holders of ourSeries G and H in the event of a highly leveraged or other transaction, including a merger or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all our assetsor business, which might adversely affect the holders of our Series G and H.Our Series G and H will rank pari passu with any other class or series of our capital stock established after the original issue date of theSeries G and H that is not expressly subordinated or senior to the Series G and H (“Parity Securities”) as to the payment of dividends and amounts payableupon liquidation or reorganization. If less than all dividends payable with respect to the Series G and H and any Parity Securities are paid, any partialpayment shall be made pro rata with respect to shares of Series G and H and any Parity Securities entitled to a dividend payment at such time in proportion tothe aggregate amounts remaining due in respect of such shares at such time.We may not have sufficient cash from our operations to enable us to pay dividends on or to redeem our Series G and H, and accordingly the DepositaryShares, as the case may be, following the payment of expenses and the establishment of any reserves.In February 2016, we announced the suspension of payment of quarterly dividends on the Series G and Series H. We will reinstate andpay quarterly dividends on the Series G and H, and accordingly the Depositary Shares, only from funds legally available for such purpose when, as and ifdeclared by our board of directors. We may not have sufficient cash available to reinstate such dividend or to pay dividends each quarter if and whenreinstated. In addition, we may have insufficient cash available to redeem the Series G and H, and accordingly the Depositary Shares. The amount of cash wecan use to pay dividends or redeem our Series G and H and the Depositary Shares depends upon the amount of cash we generate from our operations, whichmay fluctuate significantly, and other factors, including the following: • changes in our operating cash flow, capital expenditure requirements, working capital requirements and other cash needs; • the amount of any cash reserves established by our board of directors; 26 Table of Contents • restrictions under our credit facilities and other instruments and agreements governing our existing and future debt, includingrestrictions under our existing credit facilities and indentures governing our debt securities on our ability to pay dividends if anevent of default has occurred and is continuing, or if the payment of the dividend would result in an event of default, and on ourability to redeem equity securities; • restrictions under Marshall Islands law as described below; and • our overall financial and operating performance, which, in turn, is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions andto the risks associated with the shipping industry, our dry bulk operations and the other factors described herein, many of which arebeyond our control.The amount of cash we generate from our operations may differ materially from our net income or loss for the period, which will beaffected by noncash items, and our board of directors in its discretion may elect not to declare any dividends. We may incur other expenses or liabilities thatcould reduce or eliminate the cash available for distribution as dividends. As a result of these and the other factors mentioned above, we may pay dividendsduring periods when we record losses and may not pay dividends during periods when we record net income.Our ability to pay dividends on and to redeem our Series G and H, and therefore holders’ ability to receive payments on the Depositary Shares, is limited bythe requirements of Marshall Islands law.If we reinstate the payment of dividends, Marshall Islands law provides that we may pay dividends on and redeem the Series G and Honly to the extent that assets are legally available for such purposes. Legally available assets generally are limited to our surplus, which essentially representsour retained earnings and the excess of consideration received by us for the sale of shares above the par value of the shares. In addition, under MarshallIslands law we may not pay dividends on or redeem Series G and H if we are insolvent or would be rendered insolvent by the payment of such a dividend orthe making of such redemption.The Series G and H represent perpetual equity interests.The Series G and H represent perpetual equity interests in us and, unlike our indebtedness, will not give rise to a claim for payment of aprincipal amount at a particular date. As a result, holders of the Series G and H (and accordingly the Depositary Shares) may be required to bear the financialrisks of an investment in the Series G and H (and accordingly the Depositary Shares) for an indefinite period of time. In addition, the Series G and H will rankjunior to all our indebtedness and other liabilities, and any other senior securities we may issue in the future with respect to assets available to satisfy claimsagainst us.Holders of Depositary Shares have extremely limited voting rights, will have even more limited rights than holders of the Series G and H and mayencounter difficulties in exercising some of such rights.Voting rights of holders of Depositary Shares will be extremely limited. Our common stock is the only class of stock carrying full votingrights. Holders of the Series G and H, and accordingly holders of the Depositary Shares, generally have no voting rights. In February 2016, we announced thesuspension of payment of quarterly dividends on the Series G and Series H. As such, (i) we have used commercially reasonable efforts to obtain anamendment to our articles of incorporation to effectuate any and all such changes thereto as may be necessary to permit either the Series G PreferredShareholders or the Series H Preferred Shareholders, as the case may be, to exercise the voting rights described in the following clause (ii)(x), and (ii) if andwhen dividends payable on either the Series G or the Series H, as the case may be, are in arrears for six or more quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive(and whether or not such dividends shall have been declared and whether or not there are profits, surplus, or other funds legally available for the payment ofdividends), then (x) if our articles of incorporation have been amended as described in the preceding clause (i), the holders of Series G or the holders of SeriesG, as the case may be, will have the right (voting together as a class with all other classes or series of parity securities upon which like voting rights have beenconferred and are exercisable), to elect one additional director to serve on our board of directors, and the size of our board of directors will be increased asneeded to accommodate such change (unless the size of our board of directors already has been increased by reason of the election of a director by holders ofsecurities on parity with either the Series G or Series H, as the case may be, upon which like voting rights have been conferred and with which the Series Gand H voted as a class for the election of such director), and (y) if our articles of incorporation have not been amended as described in the preceding clause (i),then, until such amendment is fully approved and effective, the dividend rate on the Series G or the Series H, as the case may be, shall increase by 25 basispoints. At our Annual Meeting of stockholders held on December 15, 2016, the Company proposed an amendment to our articles of incorporation toeffectuate any and all such changes as were necessary to permit the Series G and/or Series H holders the ability to exercise the certain voting rights describedabove. This proposal failed to receive the affirmative vote of holders of two-thirds of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock entitled to vote atthe Annual Meeting which was required to approve the proposal. There can be no assurance that any such futher proposal to our stockholders to amend ourarticles of incorporation will be approved by our common stockholders. 27 Table of ContentsFurthermore, holders of the Depositary Shares may encounter difficulties in exercising any voting rights acquired by the Series G or theSeries H for as long as they hold the Depositary Shares rather than the Series G or the Series H. For example, holders of the Depositary Shares will not beentitled to vote at meetings of holders of Series G or of the Series H, and they will only be able to exercise their limited voting rights by giving timelyinstructions to The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Depositary”) in advance of any meeting of holders of Series G or the Series H, as the case may be. TheDepositary will be the holder of the Series G or the Series H underlying the Depositary Shares and holders may exercise voting rights with respect to theSeries G or the Series H represented by the Depositary Shares only in accordance with the deposit agreement (the “Deposit Agreement”) relating to theDepositary Shares. To the limited extent permitted by the Deposit Agreement, the holders of the Depositary Shares should be able to direct the Depositary tovote the underlying Series G or the Series H, as the case may be, in accordance with their individual instructions. Nevertheless, holders of Depositary Sharesmay not receive voting materials in time to instruct the Depositary to vote the Series G or the Series H, as the case may be, underlying their Depositary Shares.Also, the Depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions of the holders of Depositary Shares or for the manner ofcarrying out such instructions. Accordingly, holders of Depositary Shares may not be able to exercise voting rights, and they will have little, if any, recourseif the underlying Series G or the Series H, as the case may be, is not voted as requested.The Depositary Shares and the Series G and Series H are relatively new issues of securities with no established trading markets. Various factors mayadversely affect the price of the Depositary Shares.The Depositary Shares and the Series G and Series H are relatively new issues of securities with no established trading markets. Eventhough the Depositary Shares are listed on the NYSE, there may be little or no secondary market for the Depositary Shares, in which case the trading price ofthe Depositary Shares could be adversely affected and a holder’s ability to transfer its securities will be limited. If an active trading market does develop onthe NYSE, the Depositary Shares may trade at prices lower than the offering price and the secondary market may not provide sufficient liquidity. In addition,since the Series G and Series H do not have a stated maturity date, investors seeking liquidity in the Depositary Shares will be limited to selling theirDepositary Shares in the secondary market absent redemption by us. We do not expect that there will be any other trading market for the Series G and Series Hexcept as represented by the Depositary Shares.One of the factors that will influence the price of the Depositary Shares will be the dividend yield on the Depositary Shares (as apercentage of the price of the Depositary Shares) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which are currently at low levels relativeto historical rates, may lead prospective purchasers of the Depositary Shares to expect a higher dividend yield, and higher interest rates would likely increaseour borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for distribution. Accordingly, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of theDepositary Shares to decrease.Other factors, some of which are beyond our control, will also influence the market prices of the Depositary Shares. Factors that mightinfluence the market prices of the Depositary Shares include: • whether we are able to reinstate dividends on the Series G and Series H; • the market for similar securities; • our issuance of debt or preferred equity securities; • our creditworthiness; • our financial condition, results of operations and prospects; and • economic, financial, geopolitical, regulatory or judicial events that affect us or the financial markets generally.Accordingly, the Depositary Shares that an investor purchases may trade at a discount to their purchase price.The Series G and H represented by the Depositary Shares have not been rated, and ratings of any other of our securities may affect the trading price of theDepositary Shares.We have not sought to obtain a rating for the Series G and H, and both stocks may never be rated. It is possible, however, that one or morerating agencies might independently determine to assign a rating to either the Series G or the Series H or that we may elect to obtain a rating of either ourSeries G or the Series H in the future. In addition, we have issued securities that are rated and may elect to issue other securities for which we may seek toobtain a rating. Any ratings that are assigned to the Series G or the Series H in the future, that have been issued on our outstanding securities or that may beissued on our other securities, if they are lower than market expectations or are subsequently lowered or withdrawn, could imply a lower relative value for theSeries G or the Series H and could adversely affect the market for or the market value of the Depositary Shares of the Series G and H Preferred Sharesrespectively. Ratings only reflect the views of the issuing rating agency or agencies and such ratings could at any time be revised downward or withdrawnentirely at the discretion of the issuing rating agency. A rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold any particular security, including the SeriesG and H and the Depositary Shares. Ratings do not reflect market prices or suitability of a security for a particular investor and any future rating of the SeriesG and H and the Depositary Shares may not reflect all risks related to us and our business, or the structure or market value of the Series G and H and theDepositary Shares. 28 Table of ContentsThe amount of the liquidation preference of our Series G and H is fixed and holders will have no right to receive any greater payment regardless of thecircumstances.The payment due upon liquidation for both our Series G and H is fixed at the liquidation preference of $2,500.00 per share (equivalent to$25.00 per Depositary Share) plus accumulated and unpaid dividends to the date of liquidation (whether or not declared). If in the case of our liquidation,there are remaining assets to be distributed after payment of this amount, holders will have no right to receive or to participate in these amounts. Furthermore,if the market price for the Series G or the Series H, as the case may be, is greater than the liquidation preference, holders will have no right to receive themarket price from us upon our liquidation.The Series G and H are only redeemable at our option and investors should not expect us to redeem either the Series G or the Series H on the dates theyrespectively become redeemable or on any particular date afterwards.We may redeem, at our option, all or from time to time part of the Series G or the Series H on or after January 28, 2019 and July 8, 2019respectively. If we redeem the Series G, holders of the Series G will be entitled to receive a redemption price equal to $2,500.00 per share (equivalent to$25.00 per Depositary Share) plus accumulated and unpaid dividends to the date of redemption (whether or not declared). If we redeem the Series H, holdersof the Series H will be entitled to receive a redemption price equal to $2,500.00 per share (equivalent to $25.00 per Depositary Share) plus accumulated andunpaid dividends to the date of redemption (whether or not declared). Any decision we may make at any time to propose redemption of either the Series G orthe Series H will depend upon, among other things, our evaluation of our capital position, the composition of our shareholders’ equity and general marketconditions at that time. In addition, investors might not be able to reinvest the money they receive upon redemption of the Series G or the Series H, as thecase may be, in a similar security or at similar rates. We may elect to exercise our partial redemption right on multiple occasions.Holders of Depositary Shares may be subject to additional risks related to holding Depositary Shares rather than shares.Because holders of Depositary Shares do not hold their shares directly, they are subject to the following additional risks, among others: • a holder of Depositary Shares will not be treated as one of our direct shareholders and may not be able to exercise shareholderrights; • distributions on the Series G and H represented by the Depositary Shares will be paid to the Depositary, and before the Depositarymakes a distribution to holder on behalf of the Depositary Shares, withholding taxes or other governmental charges, if any, thatmust be paid will be deducted; • we and the Depositary may amend or terminate the Deposit Agreement without the consent of holders of the Depositary Shares in amanner that could prejudice holders of Depositary Shares or that could affect their ability to transfer Depositary Shares, amongothers; and • the Depositary may take other actions inconsistent with the best interests of holders of Depositary Shares.Risks Relating to Our DebtWe have substantial debt and may incur substantial additional debt, including secured debt, which could adversely affect our financial health and ourability to obtain financing in the future, react to changes in our business and make payments under the notes.As of December 31, 2016, we had $1,675.4 million in aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding of which $700.5 million wasunsecured.Our substantial debt could have important consequences to holders of our common stock. Because of our substantial debt: • our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, vessel or otheracquisitions or general corporate purposes and our ability to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt may be impaired in thefuture; • a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations must be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on ourindebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available to us for other purposes; 29 Table of Contents • we will be exposed to the risk of increased interest rates because our borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities will be atvariable rates of interest; • it may be more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations to our lenders, resulting in possible defaults on and acceleration of suchindebtedness; • we may be more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions; • we may be at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors with less debt or comparable debt at more favorable interestrates and, as a result, we may not be better positioned to withstand economic downturns; • our ability to refinance indebtedness may be limited or the associated costs may increase; and • our flexibility to adjust to changing market conditions and ability to withstand competitive pressures could be limited, or we maybe prevented from carrying out capital expenditures that are necessary or important to our growth strategy and efforts to improveoperating margins or our business.We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future as the terms of the indenture governingour 8.125% Senior Notes due 2019 (the “2019 Notes”) and the indenture governing our 7.375% First Priority Ship Mortgage Notes issued on November 29,2013 (the “2022 Notes”) do not fully prohibit us or our subsidiaries from doing so. The terms of the indenture governing the 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022(the “2022 Logistics Senior Notes”) of Navios South American Logistics (“Navios Logistics”) and the agreements governing the terms of the otherindebtedness of Navios Logistics also permit Navios Logistics to incur substantial additional indebtedness in accordance with the terms of such agreements.If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face would increase and we may not be able to meet all of our debt obligations.The agreements and instruments governing our debt contain restrictions and limitations that could significantly impact our ability to operate our business.Our secured credit facilities and our indentures impose certain operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions limit ourability to: • incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; • create liens on our assets; • make new investments; • engage in mergers and acquisitions; • pay dividends or redeem capital stock; • make capital expenditures; • engage in certain FFA trading activities; • change the flag, class or commercial and technical management of our vessels; • enter into long-term charter arrangements without the consent of the lender; and • sell any of our vessels.The agreements governing the terms of Navios Logistics’ indebtedness impose similar restrictions upon Navios Logistics.Therefore, we and Navios Logistics will need to seek permission from our respective lenders in order to engage in some corporate andcommercial actions that believe would be in the best interest of our respective business, and a denial of permission may make it difficult for us or NaviosLogistics to successfully execute our business strategy or effectively compete with companies that are not similarly restricted. The interests of our and NaviosLogistics’ lenders may be different from our respective interests or those of our holders of common stock, and we cannot guarantee that we or NaviosLogistics will be able to obtain the permission of lenders when needed. This may prevent us or Navios Logistics from taking actions that are in best interestsof us, Navios Logistics or our stockholders. Any future debt agreements may include similar or more restrictive restrictions.Our ability to generate the significant amount of cash needed to pay interest and principal and otherwise service our debt and our ability to refinance allor a portion of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing depend on multiple factors, many of which may be beyond our control. 30 Table of ContentsThe ability of us and Navios Logistics to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our respective debt obligations will depend on ourrespective financial and operating performance, which, in turn, will be subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to the financial andbusiness factors, many of which may be beyond the control of us and Navios Logistics.The principal and interest on such debt will be paid in cash. The payments under our and Navios Logistics’ debt will limit fundsotherwise available for our respective working capital, capital expenditures, vessel acquisitions and other purposes. As a result of these obligations, thecurrent liabilities us or Navios Logistics may exceed our respective current assets. We or Navios Logistics may need to take on additional debt as we expandour respective fleets or other operations, which could increase our respective ratio of debt to equity. The need to service our respective debt may limit fundsavailable for other purposes, and our or Navios Logistics’ inability to service debt in the future could lead to acceleration of such debt, the foreclosure onassets such as owned vessels or otherwise negatively affect us.We may be unable to raise funds necessary to finance the change of control repurchase offer required by the indentures governing our outstanding notesand our secured credit facilities.The indenture governing the 2019 Notes, the indenture governing the 2022 Notes, the indentures governing the 2022 Logistics SeniorNotes and our and Navios Logistics’ secured credit facilities contain certain change of control provisions. If we or Navios Logistics experience specifiedchanges of control under our respective notes, we or Navios Logistics, as the case may be, will be required to make an offer to repurchase all of our respectiveoutstanding notes (unless otherwise redeemed) at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to therepurchase date. The occurrence of specified events that would constitute a change of control may constitute a default under our and Navios Logistics’secured credit facilities. In the event of a change of control under these debt agreements, we cannot assure you that we would have sufficient assets to satisfyall of our obligations under these debt agreements, including but not limited to, repaying all indebtedness outstanding under the applicable secured creditfacilities or repurchasing the applicable notes.If the volatility in the London InterBank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, continues, it could affect our profitability, earnings and cash flow.LIBOR has been volatile, with the spread between LIBOR and the prime lending rate widening significantly at times. These conditionsare the result of the recent disruptions in the international credit markets. Because the interest rates borne by our outstanding indebtedness fluctuate withchanges in LIBOR, if this volatility were to continue, it would affect the amount of interest payable on our debt, which in turn, could have an adverse effecton our profitability, earnings and cash flow. See also “Item 11 Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”Furthermore, interest in most loan agreements in our industry has been based on published LIBOR rates. Recently, however, lenders haveinsisted on provisions that entitle the lenders, in their discretion, to replace published LIBOR as the base for the interest calculation with their cost-of-fundsrate. Such provisions could significantly increase our lending costs, which would have an adverse effect on our profitability, earnings and cash flow.The market values of our vessels, which have declined from historically high levels, may fluctuate significantly, which could cause us to breach covenantsin our credit facilities and result in the foreclosure of our mortgaged vessels.Factors that influence vessel values include: • number of newbuilding deliveries; • number of vessels scrapped or otherwise removed from the total fleet; • changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit the useful life of vessels; • changes in global dry cargo commodity supply; • types and sizes of vessels; • development viability and increase in use of other modes of transportation; • cost of vessel acquisitions; • cost of newbuilding vessels; • governmental or other regulations; • prevailing level of charter rates; • general economic and market conditions affecting the shipping industry; and • the cost of retrofitting or modifying existing ships to respond to technological advances in vessel design or equipment, changes inapplicable environmental or other regulations or standards, or otherwise. 31 Table of ContentsIf the market values of our owned vessels decrease, we may breach covenants contained in our secured credit facilities. If we breach suchcovenants and are unable to remedy any relevant breach, our lenders could accelerate our debt and foreclose on the collateral, including our vessels. Any lossof vessels would significantly decrease our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations and, therefore, service our debt. In addition, if the bookvalue of a vessel is impaired due to unfavorable market conditions, or a vessel is sold at a price below its book value, we would incur a loss. Navios Logisticsmay be subject to similar ramifications under its credit facilities if the market values of its owned vessels decrease.In addition, as vessels grow older, they generally decline in value. We will review our vessels for impairment whenever events or changesin circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. We review certain indicators of potential impairment, such asundiscounted projected operating cash flows expected from the future operation of the vessels, which can be volatile for vessels employed on short-termcharters or in the spot market. Any impairment charges incurred as a result of declines in charter rates would negatively affect our financial condition andresults of operations. In addition, if we sell any vessel at a time when vessel prices have fallen and before we have recorded an impairment adjustment to ourfinancial statements, the sale may be at less than the vessel’s carrying amount on our financial statements, resulting in a loss and a reduction in earnings.We may require additional financing to acquire vessels or business or to exercise vessel purchase options, and such financing may not be available.In the future, we may be required to make substantial cash outlays to exercise options or to acquire vessels or business and will needadditional financing to cover all or a portion of the purchase prices. We intend to cover the cost of such items with new debt collateralized by the vessels tobe acquired, if applicable, but there can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient cash or that debt financing will be available. Moreover, the covenantsin our senior secured credit facility, the indentures or other debt, may make it more difficult to obtain such financing by imposing restrictions on what we canoffer as collateral.We have substantial equity investments in seven companies, six of which are not consolidated in our financial results, and our investment in suchcompanies is subject to the risks related to their respective businesses.As of December 31, 2016, we had a 63.8% ownership interest in Navios Logistics, and, as a result, Navios Logistics is a consolidatedsubsidiary. As such, the income and losses relating to Navios Logistics and the indebtedness and other liabilities of Navios Logistics are shown in ourconsolidated financial statements.We also have substantial equity investments in two public companies that are accounted for under the equity method — NaviosAcquisition and Navios Partners. As of December 31, 2016, we held 43.4% of the voting stock and 46.1% of the economic interest of Navios Acquisition and20.0% of the equity interest in Navios Partners (including a 2.0% general partner interest). As of such date, the carrying value of our investments in these twoaffiliated companies amounted to $148.1 million.In addition to the value of our investment, we receive dividend payments relating to our investments. As a result of our investment, infiscal year 2016, we received $14.6 million in dividends from Navios Acquisition. Furthermore, we receive management and general and administrative feesfrom Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners, which amounted to $107.3 million and $67.0 million, respectively, in fiscal year 2016.On October 9, 2013, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe Inc. (“Navios Europe I”) andhad economic interests of 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings portion of the investment in Navios Europe I was$6.0 million. Effective November 2014, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners have voting interest of 50%, 50% and 0%, respectively.On February 18, 2015, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe (II) Inc. (“Navios Europe II”)and had economic interests of 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively and voting interests of 50%, 50% and 0%, respectively. As of December 31, 2016,Navios Holdings portion of the investment in Navios Europe II was $5.9 million.During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company received shares of Korea Line Corporation (“KLC”) and during the year endedDecember 31, 2015 the Company received shares of Pan Ocean Co. Ltd (“STX”) in relation to defaulted charter contracts, which were valued at fair valueupon the day of issuance. During the third quarter of 2016, the Company sold all its 354,093 KLC and STX securities it held for a total consideration of$5.3 million. As of December 31, 2016 the Company did not retain any KLC and STX shares. 32 Table of ContentsOur ownership interest in Navios Logistics, Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners, Navios Europe I, Navios Europe II, KLC, and STX andthe reflection of such companies (or the investment relating thereto) on our balance sheets and any income generated from or related to such companies aresubject to a variety of risks, including risks relating to the respective business of Navios Logistics, Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners, Navios Europe I andNavios Europe II as disclosed in their respective public filings with the SEC or management reports. The occurrence of any such risks may negatively affectour financial condition.We evaluate our investments in Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners, Navios Europe I, and Navios Europe II for “other-than-temporaryimpairment” (“OTTI”) on a quarterly basis. Consideration is given to (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than thecarrying value, (ii) their financial condition and near term prospects, and (iii) the intent and ability of the Company to retain our investment in thesecompanies, for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company considered the decline in fair value of its investment in Navios Partners andNavios Acquisition as “other-than-temporary” and therefore, recognized a loss of $228.0 million in the accompanying consolidated statement ofcomprehensive (loss)/income.During each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company considered the decline in fair value of the KLC sharesas “other-than-temporary” and therefore, recognized a loss out of accumulated other comprehensive income /(loss) of $0.3 million, $1.8 million and$11.5 million, respectively. The respective loss was included within the caption “Other expense” in the accompanying consolidated statement ofcomprehensive (loss)/income.Risks Relating to Navios LogisticsNavios Logistics’ dry port business has seasonal components linked to the grain harvests in the region. At times throughout the year, the capacity of its dryport, including the loading and unloading operations, as well as the space in silos is exceeded, which could materially adversely affect its operations andrevenues.A significant portion of Navios Logistics’ dry port business is derived from handling and storage of soybeans and other agriculturalproducts produced in the Hidrovia, mainly during the season between April and September. This seasonal effect could, in turn, increase the inflow andoutflow of barges and vessels in its dry port and cause the space in its silos to be exceeded, which in turn would affect its timely operations or its ability tosatisfy the increased demand. Inability to provide services in a timely manner may have a negative impact on its clients’ satisfaction and result in loss ofexisting contracts or inability to obtain new contracts.Navios Logistics depends on a few significant customers for a large part of its revenues and the loss of one or more of these customers could materially andadversely affect its revenues.In each of Navios Logistics’ businesses, a significant part of its revenues is derived from a small number of customers. For the year endedDecember 31, 2016, its three largest customers, Vale, Axion and Cammesa, accounted for 28.0%, 13.8% and 11.5% of its revenues, respectively, and its fivelargest customers accounted for approximately 67.4%. For the year ended December 31, 2015, Navios Logistics’ two largest customers, Vale and Cammesa,accounted for 27.8% and 12.9% of its revenues, respectively, and its five largest customers accounted for approximately 61.7%. For the year endedDecember 31, 2014, Navios Logistics’ three largest customers, Vale, Cammesa and Axion Energy, accounted for 22.8% 13.8% and 10.7% of its revenues,respectively, and its five largest customers accounted for approximately 60.3%. In addition, some of Navios Logistics’ customers, including many of its mostsignificant customers, operate their own vessels and/or barges. These customers may decide to cease or reduce the use of its services for various reasons,including employment of their own vessels. The loss of any of its significant customers could materially adversely affect its results of operations.If one or more of Navios Logistics’ customers does not perform under one or more contracts with it and Navios Logistics is not able tofind a replacement contract, or if a customer exercises certain rights to terminate the contract, Navios Logistics could suffer a loss of revenues that couldmaterially adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.Navios Logistics could lose a customer or the benefits of a contract if, among other things: • the customer fails to make payments because of its financial inability, the curtailment or cessation of its operations, disagreementswith Navios Logistics or otherwise; • the customer terminates the contract because Navios Logistics fails to meet their contracted storage needs; • the customer terminates the contract because Navios Logistics fails to deliver the vessel within a fixed period of time, the vessel islost or damaged beyond repair, there are serious deficiencies in the vessel or prolonged off-hire, default under the contract; or • the customer terminates the contract because the vessel has been subject to seizure for more than a specified number of days. 33 Table of ContentsOn March 30, 2016, Navios Logistics received written notice from Vale International S.A. (“Vale”) stating that Vale will not beperforming the service contract entered into between Corporacion Navios S.A. and Vale on September 27, 2013, relating to the iron ore port facility currentlyunder construction in Nueva Palmira, Uruguay. The Company initiated arbitration proceedings in London on June 10, 2016 pursuant to the disputeresolution provisions of the service contract. On December 20, 2016, a London arbitration tribunal ruled that the Vale port contract remains in full force andeffect. If Vale were to further repudiate or renounce the contract, Navios Logistics may elect to terminate the contract and then would be entitled to damagescalculated by reference to guaranteed volumes and agreed tariffs for the remaining period of the contract.Navios Logistics’ business can be affected by adverse weather conditions, effects of climate change and other factors beyond its control, that can affectproduction of the goods it transports and stores as well as the navigability of the river system on which it operates.A significant portion of Navios Logistics’ business is derived from the transportation, handling and storage of soybeans and otheragricultural products produced in the Hidrovia region. Any drought or other adverse weather conditions, such as floods, could result in a decline inproduction of these products, which would likely result in a reduction in demand for its services. This would, in turn, negatively impact its results ofoperations and financial condition. Furthermore, Navios Logistics’ fleet operates in the Parana and Paraguay Rivers, and any changes adversely affectingnavigability of either of these rivers, such as changes in the depth of the water or the width of the navigable channel, could, in the short-term, reduce or limitits ability to effectively transport cargo on the rivers. For example, Navios Logistics was adversely affected by the decline in soybean production associatedwith the drought experienced mainly in the first quarter of 2011 throughout the main soybean growing areas of the Hidrovia. Low water levels, which beganduring the fourth quarter of 2011 and extended into 2012, also affected the volume carried. The possible effects of climate change, such as floods, droughts orincreased storm activity, could similarly affect the demand for its services or its operations.A prolonged drought, the possible effects of climate change, or other turn of events that is perceived by the market to have an impact onthe region, the navigability of the Parana or Paraguay Rivers or Navios Logistics’ business in general may, in the short-term, result in a reduction in themarket value of its ports, barges and pushboats that operate in the region. These barges and pushboats are designed to operate in wide and relatively calmrivers, of which there are only a few in the world. If it becomes difficult or impossible to operate profitably Navios Logistics’ barges and pushboats in theHidrovia and Navios Logistics is forced to sell them to a third party located outside of the region, there is a limited market in which it would be able to sellthese vessels, and accordingly it may be forced to sell them at a substantial loss.Navios Logistics may be unable to obtain financing for its growth or to fund its future capital expenditures, which could materially adversely affect itsresults of operations and financial condition.Navios Logistics’ capital expenditures during 2014, 2015 and 2016 were $101.9 million, $27.0 million and $91.2 million, respectively,used to acquire and/or pay installments for among others one bunker vessel, six pushboats, 72 barges and to expand Navios Logistics’ port terminaloperations through the construction of a new conveyor belt and an iron ore port terminal facility. In order to follow its current strategy for growth, NaviosLogistics will need to fund future asset or business acquisitions, increase working capital levels and increase capital expenditures.In the future, Navios Logistics will also need to make capital expenditures required to maintain its current ports, fleet and infrastructure.Cash generated from its earnings may not be sufficient to fund all of these measures. Accordingly, Navios Logistics may need to raise capital throughborrowings or the sale of debt or equity securities. Navios Logistics’ ability to obtain bank financing or to access the capital markets for future offerings maybe limited by its financial condition at the time of any such financing or offering, as well as by adverse market conditions resulting from, among other things,general economic conditions and contingencies and uncertainties that are beyond its control. If Navios Logistics fails to obtain the funds necessary forcapital expenditures required to maintain its ports, fleet and infrastructure, it may be forced to take vessels out of service or curtail operations, which couldmaterially harm its revenues and profitability. If Navios Logistics fails to obtain the funds that might be necessary to acquire new vessels, expand its existinginfrastructure, or increase its working capital or capital expenditures, Navios Logistics might not be able to grow its business and its earnings could suffer.Furthermore, despite covenants under the indenture governing the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes and the agreements governing its other indebtedness, NaviosLogistics will be permitted to incur additional indebtedness which would limit cash available for working capital and to service its indebtedness.For any reason, if Navios Logistics fails to meet construction benchmarks with respect to the expansion of its Nueva Palmira port terminal, it may not beable to service its agreement with Vale, materially affecting its future earnings. 34 Table of ContentsNavios Logistics has signed an agreement with Vale for the storing and transshipping of iron ore and other commodities. To serve thiscontract, Navios Logistics is expanding its existing terminal infrastructure at an investment cost estimated at approximately $150.0 million which NaviosLogistics is financing with a combination of cash on its balance sheet, operating cash flows, debt and export financing. The agreement sets forth certainbenchmarks during the construction phase of the expansion. If such construction benchmarks are not met its contract may be terminated, materially affectingits business, financial condition, results of operations and future earnings.The completion of the expansion of the port terminal could be delayed or otherwise not completed because of: • quality, design or engineering problems; • changes in governmental regulations; • work stoppages or other labor disturbances at the port terminal; • bankruptcy or other financial crisis of its suppliers or contractors; • a backlog of orders with its suppliers; • political or economic disturbances; • weather interference or catastrophic event, such as a major earthquake, flood or fire; • shortages of or delays in the receipt of necessary construction materials or equipment; • inability to finance the construction or importation of key equipment; • inability to obtain requisite permits or approvals or revocation of such permits or approvals by the Uruguayan government; or • the inability of its contractors or suppliers to meet its schedule.If the completion of the expansion of the port terminal is materially delayed, it could materially adversely affect Navios Logistics’business, financial condition, results of operations and future earnings. 35 Table of ContentsThe failure of Petrobras to successfully implement its business plan for 2017-2021 could adversely affect Navios Logistics’ business.In September 2016, Petrobras announced its business plan for 2017-2021, which includes a projected capital expenditure budget of$130.3 billion between 2015 and 2019, increasing its previously projected capital expenditure budget of $98.4 billion for the period 2015-2019 (Jan2016review). In May 2011, Navios Logistics signed 15-year charter contracts with Petrobras for six Panamax vessels, which are subject to Navios Logistics’ optionto cancel the contracts if Navios Logistics’ is unable to secure acceptable financing for the construction of the vessels (to be completed by 2018). NaviosLogistics’ has yet to make any capital expenditures related to the vessels, therefore any potential decrease in Petrobras’ capital expenditures will not exposeNavios Logistics to any losses. Any failure to capitalize on its relationship with Petrobras could affect its future growth opportunities.Spare parts or other key equipment needed for the operation of Navios Logistics’ ports and fleet may not be available off-the-shelf and, as a result, it mayface substantial delays, which could result in loss of revenues while waiting for those spare parts to be produced and delivered to Navios Logistics.Navios Logistics’ ports and its fleet may need spare parts to be provided in order to replace old or damaged parts in the normal course ofits operations. Given the increased activity in the maritime industry and the industry that supplies it, the manufacturers of key equipment for NaviosLogistics’ vessels and its ports (such as engine makers, propulsion systems makers, control system makers and others) may not have the spare parts neededavailable immediately (or off the shelf) and may have to produce them when required. If this was the case, Navios Logistics vessels and ports may be unableto operate while waiting for such spare parts to be produced, delivered, installed and tested, resulting in a substantial loss of revenues for Navios Logistics.Navios Logistics owns and operates an up-river port terminal in San Antonio, Paraguay that it believes is well-positioned to become a hub for industrialdevelopment based upon the depth of the river in the area and the convergence between land and river transportation. If the port does not become a hubfor industrial development, its future prospects could be materially and adversely affected.Navios Logistics owns and operates an up-river port terminal with tank storage for refined petroleum products, oil and gas in SanAntonio, Paraguay. Navios Logistics believes that the port’s location south of the city of Asuncion, the depth of the river in the area and the convergencebetween land and river transportation make this port well-positioned to become a hub for industrial development. However, if the location is not deemed tobe advantageous, or the use of the river or its convergence with the land is not fully utilized for transportation, then the port would not become a hub forindustrial development, and its future prospects could be materially and adversely affected.The risks and costs associated with ports as well as vessels increase as the operational port equipment and vessels age.The costs to operate and maintain a port or a vessel increase with the age of the port equipment or the vessel. Governmental regulations,safety or other equipment standards related to the age of the operational port equipment or vessels may require expenditures for alterations or the addition ofnew equipment to Navios Logistics’ port equipment or vessels and may restrict the type of activities in which these ports or vessels may engage. Given theincreased activity in the maritime industry and the industry that supplies it, the manufacturers of key equipment for its vessels and ports (such as enginemakers, propulsion systems makers, control systems makers and others) may not have the spare parts needed available immediately (or off-the-shelf) and mayhave to produce them when required. If this was the case, Navios Logistics’ vessels and ports may be unable to operate while waiting for such spare parts to beproduced, delivered, installed and tested, resulting in substantial loss of revenues for Navios Logistics. The average age of Navios Logistics’ seven double-hulled product tankers is eight years. In some cases, charterers prefer newer vessels that are more fuel efficient than older vessels. Cargo insurance rates alsoincrease with the age of a vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers as well. 36 Table of ContentsNavios Logistics cannot assure you that, as its operational port equipment and vessels age, market conditions will justify thoseexpenditures or enable Navios Logistics to operate its ports and vessels profitably during the remainder of their useful lives. If Navios Logistics sells suchassets, it may have to sell them at a loss, and if clients no longer use its ports or charter-out its vessels due to their age, its results of operations could bematerially adversely affected.As Navios Logistics expands its business, it may have difficulty managing its growth, including the need to improve its operations and financial systems,staff and crew or to receive required approvals to implement its expansion projects. If Navios Logistics cannot improve these systems, recruit suitableemployees or obtain required approvals, it may not be able to effectively control its operations.Navios Logistics intends to grow its port terminal, barge and cabotage businesses, either through land acquisition and expansion of itsport facilities, through purchases of additional vessels, through chartered-in vessels or acquisitions of other logistics and related or complementarybusinesses. The expansion and acquisition of new land or addition of vessels to its fleet will impose significant additional responsibilities on its managementand staff, and may require Navios Logistics to increase the number of its personnel. Navios Logistics will also have to increase its customer base to providecontinued activity for the new businesses.In addition, approval of governmental, regulatory and other authorities may be needed to implement any acquisitions or expansions. Forexample, Navios Logistics has available land within the Nueva Palmira Free Zone in Uruguay as well as near the Free Zone where it plans to expand its portfacility and construct a port terminal for minerals and liquid cargo. In order to complete these projects, however, Navios Logistics needs to receive requiredauthorization from several authorities. If these authorities deny its request for authorization, or if existing authorizations are revoked, Navios Logistics willnot be able to proceed with these projects.Growing any business by acquisition presents numerous risks. Acquisitions expose Navios Logistics to the risk of successor liabilityrelating to actions involving an acquired company, its management or contingent liabilities incurred before the acquisition. The due diligence NaviosLogistics conducts in connection with an acquisition, and any contractual guarantees or indemnities that it receives from the sellers of acquired companies orassets, may not be sufficient to protect it from, or compensate it for, actual liabilities. Any material liability associated with an acquisition could adverselyaffect Navios Logistics’ reputation and results of operations and reduce the benefits of the acquisition. Other risks presented include difficulty in obtainingadditional qualified personnel, managing relationships with customers and suppliers and integrating newly acquired assets or operations into existinginfrastructures.Management is unable to predict whether or when any prospective acquisition will occur, or the likelihood of a certain transaction beingcompleted on favorable terms and conditions. Navios Logistics’ ability to expand its business through acquisitions depends on many factors, including itsability to identify acquisitions or access capital markets at an acceptable cost and negotiate favorable transaction terms. Navios Logistics cannot give anyassurance that it will be successful in executing its growth plans or that it will not incur significant expenses and losses in connection therewith or that itsacquisitions will perform as expected, which could materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, because thevolume of cargo Navios Logistics ships is at or near the capacity of its existing barges during the typical peak harvest season, its ability to increase volumesshipped is limited by its ability to acquire or charter-in additional barges.With respect to Navios Logistics’ existing infrastructure, its initial operating and financial systems may not be adequate as Navios Logistics implements itsplan to expand, and its attempts to improve these systems may be ineffective. If Navios Logistics is unable to operate its financial and operations systemseffectively or to recruit suitable employees as it expands its operations, it may be unable to effectively control and manage the substantially larger operation.Although it is impossible to predict what errors might occur as the result of inadequate controls, it is generally harder to manage a larger operation than asmaller one and, accordingly, more likely that errors will occur as operations grow. Additional management infrastructure and systems will be required inconnection with such growth to attempt to avoid such errors.Rising crew costs, fuel prices and other cost increases may adversely affect Navios Logistics’ profits.At December 31, 2016, Navios Logistics employed 351 land-based employees and 648 seafarers as crew on its vessels. Crew costs are asignificant expense for Navios Logistics. Recently, the limited supply of and increased demand for well-qualified crew, due to the increase in the size of theglobal shipping fleet, has created upward pressure on crewing costs, which Navios Logistics generally bears under its time and spot contracts. Additionally,labor union activity in the Hidrovia may create pressure for Navios Logistics to pay higher crew salaries and wages. In addition, fuel is one of the largestoperating expenses in Navios Logistics’ barge and cabotage businesses, where the revenue is contracted mainly by ton per cargo shipped. The prices for andavailability of fuel may be subject to rapid change or curtailment, respectively, due to, among other things, new laws or regulations, interruptions inproduction by suppliers, imposition of restrictions on energy supply by government, worldwide price levels and market conditions. Currently, most of NaviosLogistics’ long-term contracts provide for the adjustment of freight rates based on changes in the fuel prices and crew costs. Navios Logistics may be unableto include similar provisions in these contracts when they are renewed or in future contracts with new customers. To the extent Navios Logistics’ contracts donot pass-through changes in fuel prices to its clients, Navios Logistics will be forced to bear the cost of fuel price increases. Navios Logistics may hedge inthe futures market all or part of its exposure to fuel price 37 Table of Contentsvariations. Navios Logistics cannot assure you that it will be successful in hedging its exposure. In the event of a default by Navios Logistics’ contractualcounterparties or other circumstance affecting their performance under a contract, Navios Logistics may be subject to exposure under, and may incur losses inconnection with, its hedging instruments, if any. In certain jurisdictions, the price of fuel is affected by high local taxes and may become more expensive thanprevailing international prices. Navios Logistics may not be able to pass onto its customers the additional cost of such taxes and may suffer losses as aconsequence of such inability. Such increases in crew and fuel costs may materially adversely affect Navios Logistics’ results of operations.Navios Logistics’ industry is highly competitive, and it may not be able to compete successfully for services with new companies with greater resources.Navios Logistics provides services through its ports and employs its fleet in highly competitive markets. The river and sea coastallogistics market is international in scope and Navios Logistics competes with many different companies, including other port or vessel owners and major oilcompanies.With respect to loading, storage and ancillary services, the market is divided between transits and exports, depending on the cargoorigin. In the case of transits there are other companies operating in the river system that are able to offer services similar to Navios Logistics. With respect toexports, its competitors are Montevideo Port in Montevideo and Ontur and TGU in Nueva Palmira. The main competitor of its liquid port terminal inParaguay is Petropar, a Paraguayan state-owned entity. Other competitors include Copetrol, TLP, Petrobras and Trafigura.Navios Logistics faces competition in its barge and cabotage businesses with transportation of oil and refined petroleum products fromother independent ship owners and from vessel operators. The charter markets in which its vessels compete are highly competitive. Key competitors includeUltrapetrol Bahamas Ltd. and Fluviomar. In addition, some of its customers, including ADM, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus and Vale, have some of their owndedicated barge capacity, which they can use to transport cargo in lieu of hiring a third party. Navios Logistics also competes indirectly with other forms ofland-based transportation such as truck and rail. These companies and other smaller entities are regular competitors of Navios Logistics in its primary tradingareas. Competition is primarily based on prevailing market contract rates, vessel location and vessel manager know-how, reputation and credibility.Navios Logistics’ competitors may be able to offer their customers lower prices, higher quality service and greater name recognition thanNavios Logistics does. Accordingly, Navios Logistics may be unable to retain its current customers or to attract new customers.If Navios Logistics fails to fulfill the oil majors’ vetting processes, it could materially adversely affect the employment of its tanker vessels in the spot andperiod markets, and consequently its results of operations.While numerous factors are considered and evaluated prior to a commercial decision, the oil majors, through their association, OCIMF,have developed and are implementing two basic tools: (a) the Ship Inspection Report Program (“SIRE”) and (b) the Tanker Management and Self Assessment(“TMSA”) program. The former is a ship inspection based upon a thorough Vessel Inspection Questionnaire and performed by OCIMF-accredited inspectors,resulting in a report being logged on SIRE. The report is an important element of the ship evaluation undertaken by any oil major when a commercial needexists.Based upon commercial needs, there are three levels of assessment used by the oil majors: (a) terminal use, which will clear a vessel tocall at one of the oil major’s terminals, (b) voyage charter, which will clear the vessel for a single voyage and (c) term charter, which will clear the vessel foruse for an extended period of time. While for terminal use and voyage charter relationships, a ship inspection and the operator’s TMSA will be sufficient forthe evaluation to be undertaken, a term charter relationship also requires a thorough office audit. An operator’s request for such an audit is by no means aguarantee one will be performed; it will take a long record of proven excellent safety and environmental protection on the operator’s part as well as highcommercial interest on the part of the oil major to have an office audit performed. If Navios Logistics fails to clear the vetting processes of the oil majors, itcould have a material adverse effect on the employment of our vessels, and, consequently, on its results of operations.Navios Logistics may employ its fleet on the spot market and thus expose itself to risk of losses based on short-term decreases in shipping rates.Navios Logistics periodically employs some of its fleet on a spot basis. As of December 31, 2016, 38% of its cabotage fleet and 28% ofits barge fleet on a dwt tons basis was employed under time charter or COA contracts. The remaining percentage of its barge fleet and cabotage fleet wereemployed in the spot market. The spot charter market can be competitive and freight rates within this market may be volatile with the timing and amount offluctuations in spot rates being difficult to determine. Longer-term contracts provide income at pre-determined rates over more extended periods of time. Thecycles in its target markets have not yet been clearly determined but Navios Logistics expects them to exhibit significant volatility as the South Americanmarkets mature. Navios Logistics cannot assure you that it will be successful in keeping its fleet fully employed in these short-term markets, or that futurespot rates will be 38 Table of Contentssufficient to enable such fleet to be operated profitably, as spot rates may decline below the operating cost of vessels. A significant decrease in spot marketrates or its inability to fully employ its fleet by taking advantage of the spot market would result in a reduction of the incremental revenue received from spotchartering and could materially adversely affect its results of operations, and operating cash flow.Navios Logistics does not carry any strike insurance of its vessels. As a result, if Navios Logistics were to become subject to a labor strike, it may incuruninsured losses, which could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations.Navios Logistics does not currently maintain any strike insurance for its vessels. As a result, if the crew of its vessels were to initiate alabor strike, Navios Logistics could incur uninsured liabilities and losses as a result. There can be no guarantee that Navios Logistics will be able to obtainadditional insurance coverage in the future, and even if Navios Logistics is able to obtain additional coverage, it may not carry sufficient insurance coverageto satisfy potential claims. Should uninsured losses occur, it could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations.Certain of Navios Logistics’ directors, officers, and principal stockholders are affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to thoseconducted by Navios Logistics which may compete directly with it, causing such persons to have conflicts of interest.Some of Navios Logistics’ directors, officers and principal stockholders have affiliations with entities that have similar businessactivities to those conducted by Navios Logistics. In addition, certain of Navios Logistics’ directors are also directors of shipping companies and they mayenter similar businesses in the future. These other affiliations and business activities may give rise to certain conflicts of interest in the course of suchindividuals’ affiliation with Navios Logistics. Although Navios Logistics does not prevent its directors, officers and principal stockholders from having suchaffiliations, Navios Logistics uses its best efforts to cause such individuals to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in addressing such conflicts ofinterest. Navios Logistics’ officers and employee directors devote their full time and attention to its ongoing operations, and its non-employee directorsdevote such time as is necessary and required to satisfy their duties as directors of a company.Navios Logistics’ success depends upon its management team and other employees, and if it is unable to attract and retain key management personnel andother employees, its results of operations may be negatively impacted.Navios Logistics’ success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of its management team and its ability to retainthem. In particular, many members of its senior management team, including its Chairman, its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, its ChiefOperating Officers and its Chief Commercial Officer, have extensive experience in the logistics and shipping industries. If Navios Logistics was to lose theirservices for any reason, it is not clear whether any available replacements would be able to manage its operations as effectively. The loss of any of themembers of its management team could impair Navios Logistics’ ability to identify and secure vessel contracts, to maintain good customer relations and tootherwise manage its business, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial performance and its ability to compete. Navios Logistics does notmaintain key man insurance on any of its officers. Further, the efficient and safe operation of its fleet and ports requires skilled and experienced crew membersand employees. Difficulty in hiring and retaining such crew members and employees could adversely affect its results of operations.Risks Relating to ArgentinaArgentine government actions concerning the economy, including decisions with respect to inflation, interest rates, price controls,foreign exchange controls, wages and taxes, restrictions on production, imports and exports, have had and could continue to have a material adverse effect onNavios Logistics. Navios Logistics cannot provide any assurance that future economic, social and political developments in Argentina, over which it has nocontrol, will not impair its business, financial condition or results of operations, the guarantees or the market price of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes.The continuing rise in inflation may have material adverse effects on the Argentine economy.In the past, Argentina has experienced periods of high inflation. Inflation has increased since 2005 and remained relatively high for morethan a decade. According to data published by the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, or INDEC, the year-on-year inflation rate (as measured bychanges in the consumer price index, or CPI), was 9.5%, 10.8%, and 10.5% for 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. The reliability of INDEC’s statistics hasbeen widely questioned due to the substantial disparity between its inflation rate and the higher rates calculated by independent economists. In February2013, the IMF censured Argentina for its inaccurate financial statistics. In response, in 2014, INDEC adopted the IPCNu, an improved methodology forcalculating the CPI, and estimated the 2014 CPI to be 23.9%.However, the newly elected Argentinian government declared a state of administrative emergency, suspending momentarily thepublication of all indexes until the INDEC is capable of accurately calculating such indexes. During this suspension period, the inflation rate was informedthrough data provided by the City of Buenos Aires and the province of San Luis. 39 Table of ContentsOn July 15, 2016, and after six months without official figures, INDEC published its inflation index again, indicating that the CPIshowed, for June, July, August, September, October, November and December of 2016, variations of 3.1%, 2%, 0.2%, 1.1%, 2.4%, 1.6% and 1.2% comparedto previous month, respectively.On the other hand, INDEC recently published a new index of poverty and indigence, which estimated that poverty reaches 32.2% ofArgentinians and indigence, 6.3%.As a result of the readjustment of INDEC indexes, the IMF Executive Board announced, on November 9, 2016, the lifting of thecensorship imposed on Argentina in 2013 due to lack of consistency in its statistical data.Over the last few years, the Argentine government has implemented certain programs aimed at controlling inflation and monitoring theprices of many goods and services, including price agreements between the Argentine government and private sector companies.The increase in wages and public spending, the adjustment of some utility tariffs and the expiration of the price agreements signed by theArgentine government could have a direct influence on inflation. In the past, inflation undermined the Argentine economy substantially, as well as theability of the Argentine government to create conditions leading to growth. In turn, because part of the Argentine debt is adjusted by the ReferenceStabilization Coefficient (“CER”), strongly related to inflation, its increase would have a negative effect on the level of public indebtedness.A high inflation economy could undermine Argentina’s cost competitiveness abroad if not offset by a devaluation of the Argentine peso,which could also negatively affect economic activity and employment levels. While most of the client contracts of Navios Logistics’ Argentine subsidiariesare denominated in U.S. dollars, freight under those contracts is collected in Argentine pesos at the prevailing exchange rate. These contracts also includecrew cost adjustment terms. Uncertainty about future inflation may contribute to slowdown or contraction in economic growth. Argentine inflation ratevolatility makes it impossible to estimate with reasonable certainty the extent to which activity levels and results of operations of Navios Logistics’Argentine subsidiaries could be affected by inflation and exchange rate volatility in the future.The Argentine Central Bank has imposed restrictions on the transfer of funds outside of Argentina and other exchange controls in the past and may do soin the future, which could prevent Navios Logistics’ Argentine subsidiaries from transferring funds for the payment of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes orthe related guarantees.In 2001 and during the first half of 2002, Argentina experienced a massive withdrawal of deposits from the Argentine financial system ina short period of time, as depositors lost confidence in the Argentine government’s ability to repay its foreign debt, its domestic debt and to maintain theconvertibility regime. This precipitated a liquidity crisis within the Argentine financial system, which prompted the Argentine government to imposeexchange controls and restrictions on the ability of depositors to withdraw their deposits.Furthermore, in 2001 and 2002 and until February 7, 2003, the Argentine Central Bank restricted Argentine individuals and corporationsfrom transferring U.S. dollars abroad without its prior approval. In 2003 and 2004, the government reduced some of these restrictions, including thoserequiring the Argentine Central Bank’s prior authorization for the transfer of funds abroad in order to pay principal and interest on debt obligations.Nevertheless, significant government controls and restrictions remained in place and increased during 2008 and into 2009, when the Argentine governmentimposed new restrictions on foreign exchange outflows, including through certain transactions on securities traded locally. Additionally, the Argentinefederal tax authority imposed new restrictions and limitations on the purchase of foreign currency.In December 2015, the Argentinian government implemented several reforms to the foreign exchange market regulations and providedeasier access to the foreign exchange market for individuals and companies. Consequently, as from December 17, 2015, the new financial indebtednesstransactions abroad of the non-financial private sector, financial sector and local governments will not be subject to the obligation to bring to and liquidatefunds in the MULC (the single and free floating foreign exchange market). Fund liquidation at MULC (the single and free floating foreign exchange market)will be a condition precedent for the further access to that market so as to cater for capital and interest services. If the funding enters local accounts in foreigncurrency in the country, the liquidation of the funds deposited will need to be evidenced.Additionally, pursuant to recent regulations, financial indebtedness taken through the MULC and financial debt rollovers withnon-residents in the financial sector and non-financial private sector will not need to meet a minimum period of stay, and may be canceled at any time. 40 Table of ContentsSome remaining controls and restrictions, and any additional restrictions of this kind that may be imposed in the future, could impairNavios Logistics ability to transfer funds generated by its Argentine operations in U.S. dollars outside Argentina to it for the payment of its indebtedness. Inaddition, any other restrictions or requirements, that may be imposed in the future, expose Navios Logistics to the risk of losses arising from fluctuations inthe exchange rate of the Argentine peso.The Argentine government has made certain changes to its tax rules that affected Navios Logistics’ operations in Argentina in the past, and could furtherincrease the fiscal burden on its operations in Argentina in the future, if implemented again.Since 1992, the Argentine government has not permitted the application of an inflation adjustment on the value of fixed assets for taxpurposes. Since the substantial devaluation of the Argentine peso in 2002, the amounts that the Argentine tax authorities permit Navios Logistics to deductas depreciation for its past investments in plant, property and equipment have been substantially reduced, resulting in a higher effective income tax charge.However, in December 2016, a reform to the Income Tax Law was passed by the National Congress. Some of the main modificationswere: (i) personal deductions were raised; (ii) a new scale of aliquots was established, including a greater number of tranches and beginning taxing with a 5%aliquot; (iii) new deductions were established for per diem and room rent; (iv) extra amounts paid to employees in the form of overtime for services onnational holidays, non-business days and weekends is exempt from income tax; and (v) the updating of the Average Taxable Compensation for GovernmentEmployees (RIPTE) was established as of fiscal year 2018, with respect to personal deduction amounts and tax tranches. In order to finance the reduction oftax resources that these reforms will entail, an indirect tax on on-line betting and an extraordinary tax on US dollar futures transactions were created; inaddition, the figure of the surrogate decision-maker in Value Tax Added in relation to operations involving external subjects was established.If the Argentine government continues to increase the tax burden on Navios Logistics’ operations in Argentina, its results of operationsand financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.Future policies of the Argentine government may affect the economy as well as Navios Logistics’ operations.In recent years the Argentine government has taken several actions to re-nationalize concessions and public services companies that wereprivatized in the 1990’s, such as Aguas Argentinas S.A. and Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A. On May 3, 2012, expropriation law 26,741 was passed by theArgentine Congress, providing for the expropriation of 51% of the share capital of YPF S.A., represented by an identical stake of Class D shares owned,directly or indirectly, by Repsol YPF and its controlled or controlling entities, which have been declared of public interest. The Argentine government madean offer to compensate Repsol YPF for around $5.0 billion, which was accepted by the Board of Directors and shareholders of Repsol YPF and confirmed bythe Argentine Congress. It is unclear whether such expropriation policies will continue and to what extent they will affect the Argentine economy, andthereby Navios Logistics’ business, results of operations and financial condition.Risks Relating to Uruguayan Free Zone RegulationCertain of Navios Logistics’ subsidiaries in Uruguay are operating as direct free trade zone users under an agreement with the Free ZoneDivision of the Uruguayan General Directorate of Commerce allowing them to operate in isolated public and private areas within national borders and toenjoy tax exemptions and other benefits, such as a generic exemption on present and future national taxes including the Corporate Income Tax, Value-AddedTax and Wealth Tax. Other benefits that Navios Logistics’ subsidiaries enjoy are simplified corporate law provisions, the ability to negotiate preferentialpublic utility rates with government agencies and government guarantees of maintenance of such benefits and tax exemptions. Free trade zone users do notneed to pay import and export tariffs to introduce goods from abroad to the free trade zone, to transfer or send such goods to other free trade zones in Uruguayor send them abroad. However, Navios Logistics’ subsidiaries may lose all the tax benefits granted to them if they breach or fail to comply with the free tradezone contracts or framework, including exceeding the 25% limit on non-Uruguayan employees or engaging in industrial, commercial or service activitiesoutside of a free trade zone in Uruguay. In this case, Navios Logistics’ subsidiaries may continue with their operations from the free zone, but under adifferent tax regime.Other Risks Relating to the Countries in which Navios Logistics’ OperatesNavios Logistics is an international company that is exposed to the risks of doing business in many different, and often less developed and emergingmarket countries.Navios Logistics is an international company and conducts all of its operations outside of the United States, and expects to continuedoing so for the foreseeable future. These operations are performed in countries that are historically less developed and stable than the United States, such asArgentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.Some of the other risks Navios Logistics is generally exposed to through its operations in emerging markets include among others: • political and economic instability, changing economic policies and conditions, and war and civil disturbances; 41 Table of Contents • recessions in economies of countries in which Navios Logistics has business operations; • frequent government interventions into the country’s economy, including changes to monetary, fiscal and credit policy; • the imposition of additional withholding, income or other taxes, or tariffs or other restrictions on foreign trade or investment,including currency exchange controls and currency repatriation limitations; • the modification of Navios Logistics’ status or the rules and regulations relating to the international tax-free trade zone in which itoperates its dry port; • the imposition of executive and judicial decisions upon Navios Logistics’ vessels by the different governmental authoritiesassociated with some of these countries; • the imposition of or unexpected adverse changes in foreign laws or regulatory requirements; • longer payment cycles in foreign countries and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable; • difficulties and costs of staffing and managing its foreign operations; • compliance with anti-bribery laws; and • acts of terrorism.These risks may result in unforeseen harm to Navios Logistics’ business and financial condition. Also, some of its customers areheadquartered in South America, and a general decline in the economies of South America, or the instability of certain South American countries andeconomies, could materially adversely affect Navios Logistics.For example the Brazilian economy has experienced significant volatility in recent decades, characterized by periods of low or negativegrowth, high and variable levels of inflation and currency devaluation. Historically, Brazil’s political situation has influenced the performance of theBrazilian economy, and political crises have affected the confidence of investors and the general public. Future developments in policies of the Braziliangovernment and/or the uncertainty of whether and when such policies and regulations may be implemented, all of which are beyond Navios Logistics’control, could have a material adverse effect on Navios Logistics. Additionally, the Brazilian government frequently implements changes to the Brazilian taxregime, including changes in prevailing tax rates and the imposition of temporary taxes, which may affect Navios Logistics.Navios Logistics’ business in emerging markets requires it to respond to rapid changes in market conditions in these countries. NaviosLogistics’ overall success in international markets depends, in part, upon its ability to succeed in different legal, regulatory, economic, social and politicalconditions. Navios Logistics may not continue to succeed in developing and implementing policies and strategies that will be effective in each locationwhere it does business. Furthermore, the occurrence of any of the foregoing factors may have a material adverse effect on its business and results ofoperations.The governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay have entered into a treaty that commits each of them to participate in a regionalinitiative to integrate the region’s economies. There is no guarantee that such an initiative will be successful or that each of the governments involved inthe initiative will follow through on its intentions to participate and if such regional initiative is unsuccessful, it could have a material adverse impact onNavios Logistics’ results of operations.The governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay have entered into a treaty that commits each of them to participatein a regional initiative to integrate the region’s economies, a central component of which is water transportation in the Hidrovia. Although Navios Logisticsbelieves that this regional initiative of expanding navigation on the Hidrovia river system will result in significant economic benefits, there is no guaranteethat such an initiative will ultimately be successful, that each country will follow through on its intention to participate, or that the benefits of this initiativewill match Navios Logistics’ expectations of continuing growth in the Hidrovia or reducing transportation costs. If the regional initiative is unsuccessful,Navios Logistics’ results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.Changes in rules and regulations with respect to cabotage or their interpretation in the markets in which Navios Logistics’ operate could have a materialadverse effect on its results of operations.In the markets in which Navios Logistics currently operates, in cabotage or regional trades, it is subject to restrictive rules andregulations on a region by region basis. Its operations currently benefit from these rules and regulations or their interpretation. For instance, preferentialtreatment is extended in Argentine cabotage for Argentine flagged vessels or foreign flagged vessels operated by local established operators with sufficientArgentine tonnage under one to three years’ licenses, including its Argentine cabotage vessels. Changes in cabotage rules and regulations or in theirinterpretation may have an adverse effect on Navios Logistics’ current or future cabotage operations, either by becoming more restrictive (which could resultin limitations to the utilization of some of its vessels in those trades) or less restrictive (which could result in increased competition in these markets). 42 Table of ContentsBecause Navios Logistics generates the majority of its revenues in U.S. dollars but incurs a significant portion of its expenses in other currencies, exchangerate fluctuations could cause it to suffer exchange rate losses, thereby increasing expenses and reducing income.Navios Logistics engages in regional commerce with a variety of entities. Although its operations expose Navios Logistics to certainlevels of foreign currency risk, its revenues are predominantly U.S. dollar-denominated at the present. Additionally, Navios Logistics’ South Americansubsidiaries transact certain operations in Uruguayan pesos, Paraguayan guaranies, Argentinean pesos and Brazilian reals; however, all of the subsidiaries’primary cash flows are U.S. dollar-denominated. Currencies in Argentina and Brazil have fluctuated significantly against the U.S. dollar in the past. As ofDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 approximately 61.1%, 61.9% and 47.3%, respectively, of its expenses were incurred in currencies other than U.S. dollars.Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the date of each transaction. Expenses incurred inforeign currencies against which the U.S. dollar falls in value can increase, thereby decreasing Navios Logistics’ income. A greater percentage of NaviosLogistics’ transactions and expenses in the future may be denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars. As part of its overall risk management policy,Navios Logistics may attempt to hedge these risks in exchange rate fluctuations from time to time but cannot guarantee it will be successful in these hedgingactivities. Future fluctuations in the value of local currencies relative to the U.S. dollar in the countries in which it operates may occur, and if suchfluctuations were to occur in one or a combination of the countries in which it operates, its results of operations or financial condition could be materiallyadversely affected.Tax RisksWe may earn United States source income that is subject to tax, thereby adversely affecting our results of operations and cash flows.Under the Internal Revenue Code, or the Code, 50.0% of the gross shipping income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation that isattributable to transportation that either begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States is characterized as U.S.-source shippingincome. U.S.-source shipping income generally is subject to a 4.0% U.S. federal income tax without allowance for deduction or, if such U.S.-source shippingincome is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, U.S. federal corporate income tax (the highest statutory ratepresently is 35.0%) as well as a branch profits tax (presently imposed at a 30.0% rate on effectively connected earnings), unless that corporation qualifies forexemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code. We believe that we and each of our subsidiaries qualifies and will continue to qualify for the foreseeablefuture for this statutory tax exemption under Section 883 with respect to our U.S.-source shipping income, provided that our common stock continues to belisted on the NYSE and represents more than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock entitled to vote and of the total value of ourstock, and less than 50% of our common stock is owned, actually or constructively under specified stock attribution rules, on more than half the number ofdays in the relevant year by persons who each own 5% or more of the vote and value of our common stock. Our ability to qualify for the exemption at anygiven time will depend upon circumstances related to the ownership of our common stock at such time and thus are beyond our control. Furthermore, ourboard of directors could determine that it is in our best interests to take an action that would result in this tax exemption not applying to us in the future.Accordingly, we can give no assurance that we would qualify for the exemption under Section 883 with respect to any such income we earn. If we were notentitled to the Section 883 exemption for any taxable year, we generally would be subject to a 4.0% U.S. federal gross income tax with respect to our U.S.-source shipping income or, if such U.S. source shipping income were effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States,U.S. federal corporate income tax as well as a branch profits tax for those years. As a result, depending on the trading patterns of our vessels, we could becomeliable for tax, and our net income and cash flow could be adversely affected. Please see the discussion under “Taxation—Material U.S. Federal Income TaxConsiderations—U.S. Federal Income Taxation of the Company—Taxation of Our Shipping Income.”Navios Holdings may be taxed as a United States corporation.The purchase by International Shipping Enterprises Inc. (“ISE”), our predecessor, of all of the outstanding shares of common stock ofNavios Holdings, and the subsequent downstream merger of ISE with and into Navios Holdings took place on August 25, 2005. Navios Holdings isincorporated under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. ISE received an opinion from its counsel for the merger transaction that, while there is nodirect authority that governs the tax treatment of the transaction, it was more likely than not that Navios Holdings would be taxed by the United States as aforeign corporation. Accordingly, we take the position that Navios Holdings will be taxed as a foreign corporation by the United States. If Navios Holdingswere to be taxed as a U.S. corporation, its taxes would be significantly higher than they are currently.A change in tax laws, treaties or regulations, or their interpretation, of any country in which we operate our business could result in a high tax rate on ourworldwide earnings, which could result in a significant negative impact on our earnings and cash flows from operations. 43 Table of ContentsWe are an international company that conducts business throughout the world. Tax laws and regulations are highly complex and subjectto interpretation. Consequently, we are subject to changing tax laws, treaties and regulations in and between countries in which we operate. Our income taxexpense is based upon our interpretation of tax laws in effect in various countries at the time that the expense was incurred. A change in these tax laws,treaties or regulations, or in the interpretation thereof, or in the valuation of our deferred tax assets, could result in a materially higher tax expense or a highereffective tax rate on our worldwide earnings, and such change could be significant to our financial results. If any tax authority successfully challenges ouroperational structure, intercompany pricing policies or the taxable presence of our key subsidiaries in certain countries, or if the terms of certain income taxtreaties are interpreted in a manner that is adverse to our structure, or if we lose a material tax dispute in any country, our effective tax rate on our worldwideearnings from our operations could increase substantially and our earnings and cash flows from these operations could be materially adversely affected. Forexample, in accordance with the currently applicable Greek law, foreign flagged vessels that are managed by Greek or foreign ship management companieshaving established an office in Greece are subject to duties towards the Greek state which are calculated on the basis of the relevant vessel’s tonnage. Thepayment of said duties exhausts the tax liability of the foreign ship owning company and the relevant manager against any tax, duty, charge or contributionpayable on income from the exploitation of the foreign flagged vessel.We and our subsidiaries may be subject to taxation in the jurisdictions in which we and our subsidiaries conduct business. Such taxationwould result in decreased earnings available to our stockholders.Investors are encouraged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the overall tax consequences of the ownership of our commonstock arising in an investor’s particular situation under U.S. federal, state, local and foreign law.U.S. tax authorities could treat us as a “passive foreign investment company,” which could have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S.holders.A foreign corporation will be treated as a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes if either(1) at least 75% of its gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of “passive income” or (2) at least 50% of the quarterly average value of thecorporation’s assets produce or are held for the production of those types of “passive income.” For purposes of these tests, “passive income” includesdividends, interest, capital gains and rents (other than rents derived other than in the active conduct of a rental business). For purposes of these tests, incomederived from the performance of services does not constitute “passive income.” U.S. stockholders of a PFIC are subject to a disadvantageous U.S. federalincome tax regime with respect to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they receive from the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the saleor other disposition of their shares in the PFIC and additional tax filing obligations.Based upon our actual and projected income, assets and activities, we believe that we should not be a PFIC for our taxable year endedDecember 31, 2016 or for subsequent taxable years. Based upon our operations as described herein, our income from time charters should not be treated aspassive income for purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC. Accordingly, our income from our time chartering activities should not constitute“passive income,” and the assets that we own and operate in connection with the production of that income should not constitute passive assets.There is substantial legal authority supporting this position consisting of case law and U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or IRS,pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and voyage charters as services income for other tax purposes.However, it should be noted that there is also authority which characterizes time charter income as rental income rather than services income for other taxpurposes. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the IRS or a court of law will accept this position and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law coulddetermine that we are a PFIC. In addition, no assurance can be given as to our current and future PFIC status, because such status requires an annual factualdetermination based upon the composition of our income and assets for the entire taxable year. The PFIC determination also depends on the application ofcomplex U.S. federal income tax rules concerning the classification of our income and assets for this purpose, and there are legal uncertainties involved indetermining whether the income derived from our chartering activities and from our logistics activities constitutes rental income or income derived from theperformance of services. We have not sought, and we do not expect to seek, an IRS ruling on this issue. As a result, the IRS or a court could disagree with ourposition. In addition, although we intend to conduct our affairs in a manner to avoid, to the extent possible, being classified as a PFIC with respect to anytaxable year, we cannot assure you that the nature of our operations, or the nature or composition of our income or assets, will not change in the future, or thatwe can avoid PFIC status in the future.If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year, our U.S. stockholders would face adverse U.S. federal incometax consequences and certain information reporting requirements. Under the PFIC rules, unless those stockholders make an election available under the Code(which election could itself have adverse consequences for such stockholders, and which election may not be available if our common stock were to cease tobe listed on the NYSE), such stockholders would be liable to pay U.S. federal income tax at the then prevailing ordinary income tax rates, plus interest, uponexcess distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of their shares of common stock, as if the excess distribution or gain had been recognized ratablyover the stockholder’s holding period of the common stock. In addition, for each year during which we are treated as a PFIC and you actually orconstructively own our common stock you generally will be required to file IRS Form 8621 with your U.S. federal income tax return to report certaininformation concerning your ownership of our common stock. Please see the discussion under “Taxation—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations— Taxation of U.S. Holders of our Common Stock — Passive Foreign Investment Company Status.” 44 Table of ContentsItem 4. Information on the CompanyA. History and Development of the CompanyThe legal and commercial name of the Company is Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. The Company’s office and principal place of businessis located at 7 Avenue de Grande Bretagne, Office 11B2, Monte Carlo, MC 98000 Monaco, and its telephone number is (011) + (377) 9798-2140. TheCompany is a corporation incorporated under the BCA and the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Trust Company of the Marshall Islands, Inc.serves as the Company’s agent for service of process, and the Company’s registered address, as well as address of its agent for service of process, is TrustCompany Complex, Ajeltake Island P.O. Box 1405, Majuro, Marshall Islands MH96960.On August 25, 2005, pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement dated February 28, 2005, as amended, by and among ISE, NaviosHoldings, and all the shareholders of Navios Holdings, ISE acquired Navios Holdings through the purchase of all of the outstanding shares of common stockof Navios Holdings. As a result of this acquisition, Navios Holdings became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ISE. In addition, on August 25, 2005,simultaneously with the acquisition of Navios Holdings, ISE effected a reincorporation from the State of Delaware to the Republic of the Marshall Islandsthrough a downstream merger with and into its newly acquired wholly-owned subsidiary, whose name was and continued to be Navios Maritime HoldingsInc.The Company operates a fleet of owned Capesize, Panamax, Ultra Handymax and Handysize vessels and a fleet of time charteredCapesize, Panamax, Ultra Handymax and Handysize vessels that are employed to provide worldwide transportation of bulk commodities. Navios Holdings isa global, vertically integrated seaborne shipping and logistics company focused on the transport and transshipment of dry bulk commodities including ironore, coal and grain. For over 60 years, Navios Holdings has had in-house technical ship management expertise that has worked with producers of rawmaterials, agricultural traders and exporters, industrial end-users, ship owners and charterers.Navios LogisticsNavios Logistics is one of the largest logistics companies in the Hidrovia region of South America, focusing on the Hidrovia riversystem, the main navigable river system in the region, and on cabotage trades along the eastern coast of South America. Navios Logistics is focused onproviding its customers integrated transportation, storage and related services through its port facilities, its large, versatile fleet of dry and liquid cargo bargesand its product tankers. Navios Logistics serves the needs of a number of growing South American industries, including mineral and grain commodityproviders as well as users of refined petroleum products.On January 1, 2008, pursuant to a share purchase agreement, Navios Holdings contributed cash, and the authorized capital stock of itswholly-owned subsidiary Corporacion Navios Sociedad Anonima (“CNSA”) in exchange for the issuance and delivery of 63.8% of Navios Logistics’outstanding stock. Navios Logistics acquired all ownership interests in the Horamar Group (“Horamar”) in exchange for cash, and the issuance of 36.2% ofNavios Logistics’ outstanding stock. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings owns 63.8% of Navios Logistics.Affiliates (not consolidated under Navios Holdings)Navios PartnersNavios Partners (NYSE:NMM) is an international owner and operator of dry cargo vessels and is engaged in the seaborne transportationservices of a wide range of dry cargo commodities including iron ore, coal, grain, fertilizer and also containers, chartering its vessels under medium to long-term charters.On August 7, 2007, Navios Holdings formed Navios Partners under the laws of Marshall Islands. Navios GP L.L.C., or the general partner,a wholly-owned subsidiary of Navios Holdings, was also formed on that date to act as the general partner of Navios Partners and received a 2.0% generalpartner interest in Navios Partners.On or prior to the closing of Navios Partners’ initial public offering, or IPO, in November 2007, Navios Holdings entered into certainagreements with Navios Partners: (a) a management agreement with Navios Partners pursuant to which Navios Shipmanagement Inc. (the “Manager”) , awholly-owned subsidiary of Navios Holdings, provides Navios Partners with commercial and technical management services; (b) an administrative servicesagreement with the Manager pursuant to which the Manager provides Navios Partners administrative services; and (c) an omnibus agreement with NaviosPartners, governing, among other things, when Navios Partners and Navios Holdings may compete against each other as well as rights of first offer on certaindry bulk carriers. 45 Table of ContentsSince the formation of Navios Partners, Navios Holdings sold in total ten vessels to Navios Partners (the Navios Hope, the NaviosApollon, the Navios Hyperion, the Navios Aurora II, the Navios Fulvia, the Navios Melodia, the Navios Pollux, the Navios Luz, the Navios Orbiter and theNavios Buena Ventura) and also sold the rights of Navios Sagittarius to Navios Partners. All vessels were sold in exchange of cash and 5,601,920 commonunits of Navios Partners in total.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings’ interest in Navios Partners was 20.0% (including 2.0% general partner interest).Navios AcquisitionNavios Acquisition (NYSE:NNA) is an owner and operator of tanker vessels focusing in the transportation of petroleum products (cleanand dirty) and bulk liquid chemicals.On July 1, 2008, Navios Acquisition completed its IPO. On May 28, 2010, Navios Acquisition consummated the vessel acquisitionwhich constituted its initial business combination. Following such transaction, Navios Acquisition commenced its operations as an operating company. Onthat date, Navios Holdings acquired control over Navios Acquisition, and consequently concluded a business combination had occurred and consolidatedthe results of Navios Acquisition from that date until March 30, 2011.On May 28, 2010, Navios Holdings entered into (a) a management agreement with Navios Acquisition pursuant to which Navios TankersManagement Inc. (the “Tankers Manager”) provides Navios Acquisition commercial and technical management services; (b) an administrative servicesagreement with the Tankers Manager pursuant to which the Tankers Manager provides Navios Acquisition administrative services and is in turn reimbursedfor reasonable costs and expenses; and (c) an omnibus agreement with Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (the “Acquisition Omnibus Agreement”) inconnection with the closing of Navios Acquisition’s vessel acquisition, governing, among other things, competition and rights of first offer on certain typesof vessels and businesses.On March 30, 2011, Navios Holdings exchanged 7,676,000 shares of Navios Acquisition common stock it held for 1,000 shares ofnon-voting Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Acquisition and had 45.0% of the voting power and 53.7% of the economic interest in NaviosAcquisition, since the preferred stock is considered, in substance, common stock for accounting purposes. From March 30, 2011, Navios Acquisition has beenconsidered as an affiliate entity of Navios Holdings and not as a controlled subsidiary of the Company.In February, May and September 2013, Navios Acquisition completed multiple offerings, including registered direct offerings andprivate placements to Navios Holdings and certain members of the management of Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners and Navios Holdings. A total of94,097,529 shares were issued. As part of these offerings, Navios Holdings purchased in private placements an aggregate of 46,969,669 shares of NaviosAcquisition common stock for $160.0 million. In February 2014, Navios Acquisition completed a public offering of 14,950,000 shares of its common stock.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings’ ownership of the outstanding voting stock of Navios Acquisition was 43.4% and itseconomic interest in Navios Acquisition was 46.1%.Navios Europe INavios Europe I is engaged in the marine transportation industry through the ownership of five tanker and five container vessels.On October 9, 2013, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe I under the laws of MarshallIslands and had economic interests of 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively. On December 18, 2013, Navios Europe I acquired ten vessels for aggregateconsideration consisting of (i) cash (which was funded with the proceeds of senior loan facilities (the “Senior Loans I”) of $120.4 million and loansaggregating to $10.0 million from Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (in each case, in proportion to their economic interests in NaviosEurope I) (collectively, the “Navios Term Loans I”) and (ii) the assumption of a junior participating loan facility (the “Junior Loan I”). In addition to theNavios Term Loans, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners also made available to Navios Europe I revolving loans of up to $24.1 millionto fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans I”). Effective November 2014 and as of December 31, 2016, NaviosHoldings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners have voting interest of 50%, 50% and 0%, respectively.Refer also to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in “Recent Developments”. Navios MidstreamNavios Midstream (NYSE: NAP) is a publicly traded master limited partnership which owns and operates very large crude oil tankersunder long-term employment contracts. 46 Table of ContentsOn October 13, 2014, Navios Acquisition formed Navios Midstream under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Navios Maritime MidstreamPartners GP LLC, or the Midstream General Partner, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Navios Acquisition, was also formed on that date to act as the generalpartner of Navios Midstream and received a 2.0% general partner interest in Navios Midstream.As of December 31, 2016, and following the completion of the Navios Midstream’s IPO in November 2014 and the issuance of 1,592,920of Subordinated Series A Units to Navios Acquistion in June 2015, Navios Acquisition had 59.9% interest and Navios Holdings had indirect economicinterest of 27.6% (through its ownership in Navios Acquisition) and no direct equity interest.On or prior to the closing of Navios Midstream’s IPO, Navios Holdings entered into certain agreements with Navios Midstream: (a) amanagement agreement with Navios Midstream pursuant to which the Tankers Manager, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Navios Holdings, provides NaviosMidstream with commercial and technical management services; (b) an administrative services agreement with the Tankers Manager pursuant to which theTankers Manager provides Navios Midstream administrative services; and (c) an omnibus agreement with Navios Midstream, Navios Acquisition and NaviosPartners, governing, among other things, when Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners may compete with Navios Midstream.At the same time, Navios Holdings entered into an option agreement with Navios Acquisition, which expires on November 18, 2024,under which Navios Acquisition, which owns and controls Midstream General Partner, granted Navios Holdings the option to acquire a minimum of 25.0% ofthe outstanding membership interests in Midstream General Partner, and the incentive distribution rights in Navios Midstream at fair value. As ofDecember 31, 2016, Navios Holdings had not exercised any part of that option.Navios Europe IINavios Europe II is engaged in the marine transportation industry through the ownership of seven dry bulkers and seven container vessels.On February 18, 2015, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe II under the laws of Marshall Islandsand had economic interests of 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively, and voting interests of 50.0%, 50.0% and 0%, respectively. From June 8, 2015 throughDecember 31, 2015, Navios Europe II acquired 14 vessels for aggregate consideration consisting of: (i) cash (which was funded with the proceeds of a seniorloan facility (the “Senior Loans II”) and loans aggregating to $14.0 million from Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (in each case, inproportion to their economic interests in Navios Europe II) (collectively, the “Navios Term Loans II”) and (ii) the assumption of a junior participating loanfacility (the “Junior Loan II”). In addition to the Navios Term Loans II, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will also make available toNavios Europe II revolving loans up to $43.5 million to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans II”). In March 2017,the amount of the Navios Revolving Loans II increased by $14.0 million.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings had economic interests of 47.5% and voting interests of 50.0% in Navios Europe II.B. Business overviewIntroductionNavios Holdings is a global, vertically integrated seaborne shipping and logistics company focused on the transport and transshipmentof dry bulk commodities including iron ore, coal and grain. For over 60 years, Navios Holdings has had an in-house ship management expertise that hasworked with producers of raw materials, agricultural traders and exporters, industrial end-users, ship owners, and charterers. Navios Holdings’ current corefleet (excluding the Navios Logistics fleet), the average age of which is approximately 8.0 years, consists of a total of 66 vessels, aggregating approximately6.7 million dwt. Navios Holdings owns 13 Capesize vessels (169,000-182,000 dwt), 14 modern Ultra Handymax vessels (50,000-59,000 dwt), 12 Panamaxvessels (74,000-85,000 dwt) and one Handysize vessel. It also time charters-in and operates a fleet of six Ultra Handymax, one Handysize, 11 Panamax, andeight Capesize vessels under long-term time charters. Navios Holdings has options to acquire 20 time chartered-in vessels (on one of which Navios Holdingsholds an initial 50% purchase option).Navios Holdings also offers commercial and technical management services to the fleets of Navios Partners, Navios Acquisition, NaviosMidstream, Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II. Navios Partners’ fleet is comprised of 12 Panamax vessels, nine Capesize vessels, three Ultra-Handymaxvessels and seven container vessels. In each of October 2013, August 2014, February 2015, and February 2016 the Company amended its existingmanagement agreement with Navios Partners to fix the fees for ship management services of its owned fleet at: (i) $4,100 daily rate per Ultra-Handymaxvessel; (ii) $4,200 daily rate per Panamax vessel; (iii) $5,250 daily rate per Capesize vessel; (iv) $6,700 daily rate per container vessel of TEU 6,800; (v)$7,400 daily rate per container vessel of more than TEU 8,000; and (vi) $8,750 daily rate per very large container vessel of more than TEU 13,000 throughDecember 31, 2017. Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed by Navios Partners at cost at occurrence. Effective August 31, 2016,Navios Partners could, upon request to Navios Holdings, partially or fully defer the reimbursement of dry docking and other extraordinary fees and expensesunder the management agreement to a later date, but not later than January 5, 2018, and if reimbursed on a later date, such amounts would bear interest at arate of 1% per annum over LIBOR. Navios Acquisition’s fleet is comprised of 28 tankers and 8 VLCC vessels. In May 2016, Navios Holdings amended itsagreement with Navios Acquisition to fix the fees for ship management services of Navios Acquisition owned fleet at a daily fee of (i) $6,350 per MR2product tanker and chemical tanker vessel; 47 Table of Contents(ii) $7,150 per LR1 product tanker vessel; and (iii) $9,500 per VLCC through May 2018. Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed atcost at occurrence for all vessels. Navios Midstream’s fleet is comprised of six VLCC vessels and Navios Holdings receives a daily management fee of $9,500per VLCC vessel. Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed by Navios Midstream at cost at occurrence. Navios Europe I’s fleet iscomprised of five tankers and five container vessels and management fees and drydocking expenses under the management agreement will be reimbursed atcost at occurrence. Navios Europe II’s fleet is comprised of seven dry bulker and seven container vessels and management fees and drydocking expensesunder the management agreement will be reimbursed at cost at occurrence.Navios Holdings’ strategy and business model focuses on: • Operation of a high quality, modern fleet. Navios Holdings owns and charters-in a modern, high quality fleet, having an averageage of approximately 8.0 years that provides numerous operational advantages including more efficient cargo operations, lowerinsurance and vessel maintenance costs, higher levels of fleet productivity, and an efficient operating cost structure. • Pursuing an appropriate balance between vessel ownership and a long-term chartered-in fleet. Navios Holdings controls, througha combination of vessel ownership and long-term time chartered vessels, approximately 6.7 million dwt in tonnage, making NaviosHoldings one of the largest independent dry bulk operators in the world. Navios Holdings’ ability, through its long-standingrelationships with various shipyards and trading houses, to charter-in vessels allows it to control additional shipping capacitywithout the capital expenditures required by new vessel acquisition. In addition, having purchase options on 20 time charteredvessels permits Navios Holdings to determine when is the most commercially opportune time to own or charter-in vessels. NaviosHoldings intends to monitor developments in the sales and purchase market to maintain the appropriate balance between ownedand long-term time chartered vessels. • Capitalize on Navios Holdings’ established reputation. Navios Holdings believes its reputation and commercial relationshipsenable it to obtain favorable long-term time charters, enter into the freight market and increase its short-term tonnage capacity tocomplement the capacity of its core fleet, as well as to obtain access to cargo freight opportunities through COA arrangements notreadily available to other industry participants. This reputation has also enabled Navios Holdings to obtain vessel acquisitionterms as reflected in the purchase options contained in some of its long-term charters. • Utilize industry expertise to take advantage of market volatility. The dry bulk shipping market is cyclical and volatile. NaviosHoldings uses its experience in the industry, sensitivity to trends, and knowledge and expertise as to risk management and FFAs tohedge against, and in some cases, to generate profit from, such volatility. • Maintain customer focus and reputation for service and safety. Navios Holdings is recognized by its customers for the highquality of its service and safety record. Navios Holdings’ high standards for performance, reliability, and safety provide NaviosHoldings with an advantageous competitive profile. • Enhance vessel utilization and profitability through a mix of spot charters, time charters, and COAs and strategic backhaul andtriangulation methods. Specifically, this strategy is implemented as follows: • The operation of voyage charters or spot fixtures for the carriage of a single cargo from load port to discharge port; • The operation of time charters, whereby the vessel is hired out for a predetermined period but without any specification as tovoyages to be performed, with the ship owner being responsible for operating costs and the charterer for voyage costs; • The use of COAs, under which Navios Holdings contracts to carry a given quantity of cargo between certain load anddischarge ports within a stipulated time frame, but does not specify in advance which vessels will be used to perform thevoyages; and • The shipping industry uses fleet utilization to measure a company’s efficiency in finding suitable employment for its vesselsand minimizing the days its vessels are off-hire. At 99.2% as of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings believes that it has oneof the highest fleet utilization rates in the industry.In addition, Navios Holdings attempts, through selecting COAs from time to time on what would normally be backhaul or ballast legs, toenhance vessel utilization and, hence, profitability. In such cases, the cargoes are used to position vessels at or near major loading areas (such as the Gulf ofMexico) where spot cargoes can readily be obtained. This reduces ballast time as a percentage of the round voyage. This strategy is referred to astriangulation. 48 Table of ContentsNavios Holdings is one of relatively few major owners and operators of this type in the dry bulk market, and has vast experience in thisarea. In recent years, it has further raised the commercial sophistication of its business model by using market intelligence derived from its risk managementoperations and, specifically, its freight derivatives hedging desk, to make more informed decisions regarding the management of its fleet.Competitive AdvantagesControlling approximately 6.7 million dwt (excluding Navios Logistics) in dry bulk tonnage, Navios Holdings is one of the largestindependent dry bulk operators in the world. Management believes that Navios Holdings occupies a competitive position within the industry in that itsreputation in the global dry bulk markets permits it to enter into at any time, and take on spot, medium or long-term freight commitments, depending on itsview of future market trends. In addition, many of the long-term charter deals may be brought to the attention of Navios Holdings prior to even being quotedin the open market. Even in the open market, Navios Holdings’ solid reputation allows it to take in large amounts of tonnage on a short, medium, or long-term basis on very short notice. This ability is possessed by relatively few ship owners and operators, and is a direct consequence of Navios Holdings’ marketreputation for reliability in the performance of its obligations in each of its roles as a ship owner, COA operator, and charterer. Navios Holdings, therefore, hasmuch greater flexibility than a traditional ship owner or charterer to quickly go “long” or “short” relative to the dry bulk markets.Navios Holdings’ long involvement and reputation for reliability in the Asian Pacific region have also allowed it to develop privilegedrelationships with many of the largest trading houses in Japan, such as Marubeni Corporation and Mitsui & Co. Through these institutional relationships,Navios Holdings has obtained long-term charter-in deals, with options to extend time charters and options to purchase the majority of the vessels. Through itsestablished reputation and relationships, Navios Holdings has had access to opportunities not readily available to most other industry participants who lackNavios Holdings’ brand recognition, credibility, and track record.In addition to its long-standing reputation and flexible business model, management believes that Navios Holdings is well-positioned inthe dry bulk market on the basis of the following factors: • A high-quality, modern fleet of vessels that provides a variety of operational advantages, such as lower insurance premiums, higherlevels of productivity, and efficient operating cost structures, as well as a competitive advantage over owners of older fleets,especially in the time charter market, where age, fuel economy and quality of a vessel are of significant importance in competingfor business; • A core fleet which has been chartered-in (some through 2026, assuming minimum available charter extension periods areexercised) on terms generally that allow Navios Holdings to charter-out the vessels at an attractive spread during strong marketsand to weather down cycles in the market while maintaining low costs; • Strong commercial relationships with both freight customers and Japanese trading houses and ship owners, providing NaviosHoldings with access to future attractive long-term time charters on newbuildings with valuable purchase options; • Strong in-house technical management team who oversee every step of technical management, from the construction of the vesselsto subsequent shipping operations throughout the life of a vessel, including the superintendence of maintenance, repairs anddrydocking, providing efficiency and transparency in Navios Holdings’ owned fleet operations; • Visibility into worldwide commodity flows through its physical shipping operations and port terminal operations in SouthAmerica; and • An experienced management team with a strong track record of operational experience and a strong brand having a wellestablished reputation for reliability and performance.Management intends to maintain and build on these qualitative advantages, while at the same time continuing to benefit from NaviosHoldings’ reputation.Shipping OperationsNavios Holdings’ Fleet. Navios Holdings controls a core fleet of 40 owned vessels and 26 chartered-in vessels (all of which havepurchase options). The average age of the fleet is 8.0 years.Owned Fleet. Navios Holdings owns and operates a fleet comprised of 14 modern Ultra Handymax vessels, 13 Capesize vessels, 12Panamax vessels and one Handysize vessel. 49 Table of ContentsOwned Vessels Vessel Name Vessel Type Year Built Deadweight(in metric tons) Navios Serenity Handysize 2011 34,690 Navios Ionian (1) Ultra Handymax 2000 52,067 Navios Horizon Ultra Handymax 2001 50,346 Navios Herakles Ultra Handymax 2001 52,061 Navios Achilles Ultra Handymax 2001 52,063 Navios Vector Ultra Handymax 2002 50,296 Navios Meridian Ultra Handymax 2002 50,316 Navios Mercator Ultra Handymax 2002 53,553 Navios Arc Ultra Handymax 2003 53,514 Navios Hios Ultra Handymax 2003 55,180 Navios Kypros Ultra Handymax 2003 55,222 Navios Astra Ultra Handymax 2006 53,468 Navios Ulysses Ultra Handymax 2007 55,728 Navios Celestial Ultra Handymax 2009 58,063 Navios Vega Ultra Handymax 2009 58,792 Navios Magellan Panamax 2000 74,333 Navios Star Panamax 2002 76,662 Navios Northern Star Panamax 2005 75,395 Navios Amitie Panamax 2005 75,395 Navios Taurus Panamax 2005 76,596 Navios Asteriks Panamax 2005 76,801 N Amalthia Panamax 2006 75,318 Navios Galileo Panamax 2006 76,596 N Bonanza Panamax 2006 76,596 Navios Avior Panamax 2012 81,355 Navios Centaurus Panamax 2012 81,472 Navios Sphera Panamax 2016 84,872 Navios Stellar Capesize 2009 169,001 Navios Bonavis Capesize 2009 180,022 Navios Happiness Capesize 2009 180,022 Navios Phoenix Capesize 2009 180,242 Navios Lumen Capesize 2009 180,661 Navios Antares Capesize 2010 169,059 Navios Etoile Capesize 2010 179,234 Navios Bonheur Capesize 2010 179,259 Navios Altamira Capesize 2011 179,165 Navios Azimuth Capesize 2011 179,169 Navios Ray Capesize 2012 179,515 Navios Gem Capesize 2014 181,336 Navios Mars Capesize 2016 181,259 (1)Agreed to be sold. 50 Table of ContentsLong-Term Fleet. In addition to the 40 owned vessels, Navios Holdings controls a fleet of eight Capesize, eleven Panamax, six UltraHandymax, and one Handysize vessels under long-term time charters, having an average age of approximately 5.0 years.Long-term Chartered-in Fleet in Operation Vessel Name Vessel Type YearBuilt Deadweight(in metric tons) PurchaseOption (1)Navios Lyra Handysize 2012 34,718 Yes(2)Navios Primavera Ultra Handymax 2007 53,464 YesMercury Ocean Ultra Handymax 2008 53,452 NoKouju Lily Ultra Handymax 2011 58,872 NoNavios Oriana Ultra Handymax 2012 61,442 YesNavios Mercury Ultra Handymax 2013 61,393 YesNavios Venus Ultra Handymax 2015 61,339 YesOsmarine Panamax 2006 76,000 NoNavios Aldebaran Panamax 2008 76,500 YesKM Imabari Panamax 2009 76,619 NoNavios Marco Polo Panamax 2011 80,647 YesNavios Southern Star Panamax 2013 82,224 YesSea Victory Panamax 2014 77,095 YesNavios Amber Panamax 2015 80,994 YesNavios Sky Panamax 2015 82,056 YesNavios Coral Panamax 2016 84,904 YesNavios Citrine Panamax 2017 81,626 YesNavios Dolphin Panamax 2017 81,630 YesEquator Prosper Capesize 2000 170,000 NoPacific Explorer Capesize 2007 177,000 NoKing Ore Capesize 2010 176,800 YesNavios Koyo Capesize 2011 181,415 YesNavios Obeliks Capesize 2012 181,415 YesDream Canary Capesize 2015 180,528 YesDream Coral Capesize 2015 181,249 YesNavios Felix Capesize 2016 181,221 Yes (1)Generally, Navios Holdings may exercise its purchase option after three to five years of service.(2)Navios Holdings holds the initial 50% purchase option on the vessel.Many of Navios Holdings’ current long-term chartered-in vessels are chartered from ship owners with whom Navios Holdings has long-standing relationships. Navios Holdings pays these ship owners daily rates of hire for such vessels, and then charters out these vessels to other parties, whopay Navios Holdings a daily rate of hire. Navios Holdings also enters into COAs pursuant to which Navios Holdings has agreed to carry cargoes, typically forindustrial customers, who export or import dry bulk cargoes. Further, Navios Holdings enters into spot market voyage contracts, where Navios Holdings ispaid a rate per ton to carry a specified cargo from point A to point B.Short-Term Fleet: Navios Holdings’ “short-term fleet” is comprised of Capesize, Panamax and Ultra Handymax vessels chartered-in forduration of less than 12 months. The number of short-term vessels varies from time to time.Exercise of Vessel Purchase OptionsNavios Holdings has executed several purchase options comprising of six Ultra Handymax, six Panamax and one Capesize vessels. TheNavios Meridian, Navios Mercator, Navios Arc, Navios Galaxy I, Navios Magellan, Navios Horizon, Navios Star, Navios Hyperion, Navios Orbiter, NaviosHope, Navios Fantastiks, Navios Vector and Navios Astra were delivered on various dates from November 30, 2005 until February 21, 2011. Navios Holdingscurrently has options to acquire 20 chartered-in vessels currently in operation (on one of the 20 purchase options Navios Holdings holds a 50% initialpurchase option). Commercial Ship Management: Commercial management of Navios Holdings’, Navios Partners, Navios Acquisition’s, NaviosMidstream’s, Navios Europe I’s and Navios Europe II’s fleet involves identifying and negotiating charter party employment for the vessels. In addition to itsinternal commercial ship management capabilities, Navios Holdings uses the services of a related party, 51 Table of ContentsAcropolis Chartering & Shipping Inc. (“Acropolis”), based in Piraeus, as well as numerous third-party charter brokers, to solicit, research, and propose chartersfor its vessels. Charter brokers research and negotiate with different charterers, and propose charters to Navios Holdings for cargoes suitable for carriage byNavios Holdings’, Navios Partners, Navios Acquisition’s, Navios Midstream’s, Navios Europe I’s and Navios Europe II’s vessels. Navios Holdings thenevaluates the employment opportunities available for each type of vessel and arranges cargo and country exclusions, bunkers, loading and dischargingconditions, and demurrage.Technical Ship Management: Navios Holdings provides, through its subsidiaries, Navios Shipmanagement Inc. and Navios TankersManagement Inc., technical ship management and maintenance services to its owned vessels and has also provided such services to Navios Partners’, NaviosAcquisition’s, Navios Midstream’s, Navios Europe I’s and Navios Europe II’s vessels under the terms of the management agreements between the parties.Based in Piraeus, Greece, Monaco and Singapore, this operation is run by experienced professionals who oversee every step of technical management, fromthe construction of the vessels to subsequent shipping operations throughout the life of a vessel, including the superintendence of maintenance, repairs anddrydocking.Operation of the Fleet: The operations departments supervise the post-fixture business of the vessels in Navios Holdings’, NaviosPartners, Navios Acquisition’s, Navios Midstream’s, Navios Europe I’s and Navios Europe II’s fleet (i.e., once the vessel is chartered and being employed) bymonitoring their daily positions to ensure that the terms and conditions of the charters are being fulfilled.Financial Risk Management: Navios Holdings actively engages in assessing financial risks associated with fluctuating future freightrates, daily time charter hire rates, fuel prices, credit risks, interest rates and foreign exchange rates. Financial risk management is carried out under policiesapproved and guidelines established by the Company’s executive management. • Freight Rate Risk. Navios Holdings may use FFAs to manage and mitigate its risk to its freight market exposures in shippingcapacity and freight commitments and respond to fluctuations in the dry bulk shipping market by augmenting its overall long orshort position. These FFAs settle monthly in cash on the basis of publicly quoted indices, not physical delivery. These instrumentstypically cover periods from one month to one year, and are based on time charter rates or freight rates on specific quoted routes.Navios Holdings may enter into these FFAs through over-the-counter transactions and over LCH, the London Clearing House.Navios Holdings’ FFA trading personnel work closely with the chartering group to ensure that the most up-to-date information isincorporated into the Company’s commercial ship management strategy and policies. See “Risk Factors — Risks Associated withthe Shipping Industry and Our Dry bulk Operations — Trading and complementary hedging activities in freight, tonnage and FFAssubject us to trading risks, and we may suffer trading losses which could adversely affect our financial condition and results ofoperations” for additional detail on the financial implications, and risks of our use of FFAs. Currently, Navios Holdings holds noFFA contracts. • Credit Risk. Navios Holdings closely monitors its credit exposure to charterers and FFAs counterparties. Navios Holdings hasestablished policies to ensure that contracts are entered into with counterparties that have appropriate credit history.Counterparties and cash transactions are limited to high quality credit collateralized corporations and financial institutions. Mostimportantly, Navios Holdings has guidelines and policies that are designed to limit the amount of credit exposure. • Interest Rate Risk. Navios Holdings may use from time to time interest rate swap agreements to reduce exposure to fluctuations ininterest rates. These instruments allow Navios Holdings to raise long-term borrowings at floating rates and swap them into fixedrates. Although these instruments are intended to minimize the anticipated financing costs and maximize gains for NaviosHoldings that may be set off against interest expense, they may also result in losses, which would increase financing costs.Currently, Navios Holdings holds no interest rate swap contracts. See also item 11 “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures aboutMarket Risks — Interest Rate Risk.” • Foreign Exchange Risk. Although Navios Holdings’ revenues are U.S. dollar-based, 24.1% of its expenses, related to its NaviosLogistics segment, are in Uruguayan pesos, Argentinean pesos, Paraguayan Guaranies and Brazilian Reales and 15.3% of itsexpenses related to operation of its Greek, Belgian and Monaco offices, are in Euros. Navios Holdings monitors its Euro,Argentinean Peso, Uruguayan Peso, Paraguayan Guarani and Brazilian Real exposure against long-term currency forecasts andenters into foreign currency contracts when considered appropriate. 52 Table of ContentsCustomersDry bulk Vessel OperationsThe international dry bulk shipping industry is highly fragmented and, as a result, there are numerous charterers. Navios Holdings’assessment of a charterer’s financial condition and reliability is an important factor in negotiating employment of its vessels. Navios Holdings generallycharters its vessels to major trading houses (including commodities traders), major producers and government-owned entities. Navios Holdings’ customersunder charter parties, COAs, and other counterparties, include national, regional and international companies, such as Cargill International S.A., GIIC, LouisDreyfus Commodities, Oldendorff Carriers, Swiss Marine, Rio Tinto and Mansel Ltd. For the year ended December 31, 2016, two customers accounted for14.7% and 13.1%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue.For the year ended December 31, 2015, one customer accounted for 15.1% of the Company’srevenue and for the year ended December 31, 2014, one customer accounted for 11.9% of the Company’s revenue.Logistics Business OperationsCustomers of Navios Logistics include affiliates of ADM, Axion Energy, Bunge, Cargill, Glencore, Louis Dreyfus, Petrobras, Petropar(the national oil company of Paraguay), Shell, Vale, Vitol and YPF. Navios Logistics has a long history of operating in the Hidrovia region and has been ableto generate and maintain longstanding relationships with its customers. In its dry port facility in Uruguay, Navios Logistics has been serving three of its keycustomers, ADM, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus, for more than 18 years on average. In its liquid port facility, liquid barge transportation and cabotage business,Navios Logistics has had long-term relationships with its global petroleum customers for more than 14 years on average (such as Axion Energy, PetrobrasGroup, YPF and Shell). In its dry barge business, Navios Logistics started its relationship with Vale in 2008 for iron ore transportation and has signed newcontracts since then. Navios Logistics is committed to providing quality logistics services for its customers and further developing and maintaining its long-term relationships.Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivables are limited due to Navios Logistics’ large number of customers, who areestablished international operators and have an appropriate credit history. Due to these factors, management believes that no additional credit risk, beyondamounts provided for collection losses, is inherent in its trade receivables. For the year ended December 31, 2016, Navios Logistics’ three largest customers,Vale, Axion and Cammessa accounted for 28.0%, 13.8% and 11.5% of its revenues, respectively, and its five largest customers accounted for approximately67.4%. For the year ended December 31, 2015, its two largest customers, Vale and Cammessa accounted for 27.8% and 12.9% of its revenues, respectively,and its five largest customers accounted for approximately 61.7%. For the year ended December 31, 2014, Navios Logistics’ three largest customers, Vale,Cammessa and Axion Energy, accounted for 22.8%, 13.8% and 10.7% of its revenues, respectively, and its five largest customers accounted forapproximately 60.3% of its revenues. Other than its largest customers mentioned above, no other customer accounted for more than 10% of Navios Logistics’revenues during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.CompetitionThe dry bulk shipping markets are extensive, diversified, competitive and highly fragmented, divided among approximately 1,876independent dry bulk carrier owners. The world’s active dry bulk fleet consists of approximately 11,000 vessels, aggregating approximately 800 million dwtas of January 31, 2017. As a general principle, the smaller the cargo carrying capacity of a dry bulk carrier, the more fragmented is its market, both with regardto charterers and vessel owner/operators. Even among the larger dry bulk owners and operators, whose vessels are mainly in the larger sizes, only fourcompanies are known to have fleets of 100 vessels or more after the merger of the two largest Chinese shipping companies, China Ocean Shipping and ChinaShipping Group into China COSCO Shipping. The other three are the largest Japanese shipping companies, Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Kawasaki Kisen and NipponYusen Kaisha. There are about 45 owners known to have fleets of between 30 and 100 vessels. However, vessel ownership is not the only determinant of fleetcontrol. Many owners of bulk carriers charter their vessels out for extended periods, not just to end users (owners of cargo), but also to other owner/operatorsand to tonnage pools. Such operators may, at any given time, control a fleet many times the size of their owned tonnage. Navios Holdings is one suchoperator; others include Cargill, Pacific Basin Shipping, Bocimar, Zodiac Maritime, Louis Dreyfus/Cetragpa, Cobelfret, Torvald Klaveness and Swiss Marine.It is likely that we will face substantial competition for long-term charter business from a number of experienced companies. Many ofthese competitors will have significantly greater financial resources than we do. It is also likely that we will face increased numbers of competitors enteringinto our transportation sectors, including in the dry bulk sector. Many of these competitors have strong reputations and extensive resources and experience.Increased competition may cause greater price competition, especially for long-term charters. Navios LogisticsNavios Logistics is one of the largest logistics providers in the Hidrovia region of South America. Navios Logistics believes itsownership of river ports, including its port terminal in Uruguay that provides access to the ocean, allows it to offer a logistics solution superior to itscompetitors that also operate barges and pushboats. Navios Logistics also competes based on reliability, efficiency and price.With respect to loading, storage and ancillary services, the market is divided between transits and exports, depending on the cargoorigin. In the case of transits there are other companies operating in the river system that are able to offer services similar to Navios 53 Table of ContentsLogistics. However, most of these companies are proprietary service providers that are focused on servicing their own cargo. Unlike these companies, NaviosLogistics is an independent service provider in the market for transits. With respect to exports, its competitors are Montevideo Port in Montevideo and Onturin Nueva Palmira, and TGU in Nueva Palmira. The main competitor of its liquid port terminal in Paraguay is Petropar, a Paraguayan state-owned entity. Othercompetitors include Copetrol and Petrobras, which are also customers of Navios Logistics’ port.Navios Logistics faces competition in its barge and cabotage businesses with transportation of oil and refined petroleum products fromother independent ship owners and from vessel operators who primarily charter vessels to meet their cargo carrying needs. Key competitors includeUltrapetrol Bahamas Ltd. and Fluviomar. In addition, some of Navios Logistics’ customers, including ADM, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus and Vale, have some oftheir own dedicated barge capacity, which they can use to transport cargo in lieu of hiring a third party. Navios Logistics also competes indirectly with otherforms of land-based transportation such as truck and rail. Competition is primarily based on prevailing market contract rates, vessel location and vesselmanager know-how, reputation and credibility. These companies and other smaller entities are regular competitors of Navios Logistics in its primary tankertrading areas.Navios Logistics believes that its ability to combine its ports in Uruguay and Paraguay with its versatile fleet of barges, pushboats andtankers to offer integrated, end-to-end logistics solutions for both its dry and liquid customers seeking to transport mineral and grain commodities and liquidcargoes through the Hidrovia region has allowed Navios Logistics to differentiate its business and offer superior services compared to its competitors.Intellectual PropertyWe consider NAVIOS to be our proprietary trademark, service mark and trade name. We hold several U.S. and E.U. trademarkregistrations for our proprietary logos and the domain name registration for our website.Governmental and Other RegulationsSources of Applicable Rules and Standards: Shipping is one of the world’s most heavily regulated industries, and, in addition, it issubject to many industry standards. Government regulation significantly affects the ownership and operation of vessels. These regulations consist mainly ofrules and standards established by international conventions, but they also include national, state, and local laws and regulations in force in jurisdictionswhere vessels may operate or are registered, and which are commonly more stringent than international rules and standards. This is the case particularly in theUnited States and, increasingly, in Europe.A variety of governmental and private entities subject vessels to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These entities includelocal port authorities (the U.S. Coast Guard, harbor masters or equivalent entities), classification societies, flag state administration (country vessel ofregistry), and charterers, particularly terminal operators. Certain of these entities require vessel owners to obtain permits, licenses, and certificates for theoperation of their vessels. Failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals could require a vessel owner to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspendoperation of one or more of its vessels.Heightened levels of environmental and quality concerns among insurance underwriters, regulators, and charterers continue to lead togreater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout the industry. Increasing environmentalconcerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to stricter environmental standards. Vessel owners are required to maintain operating standards forall vessels that will emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of officers and crews and compliance with U.S. and internationalregulations.International Environmental Regulations: The International Maritime Organization (“IMO”) has adopted a number of internationalconventions concerned with ship safety and with preventing, reducing or controlling pollution from ships. These fall into two main categories, consistingfirstly of those concerned generally with ship safety standards, and secondly of those specifically concerned with measures to prevent pollution.Ship Safety Regulation: In the former category the primary international instrument is the Safety of Life at Sea Convention of 1974, asamended, or SOLAS, together with the regulations and codes of practice that form part of its regime. Much of SOLAS is not directly concerned withpreventing pollution, but some of its safety provisions are intended to prevent pollution as well as promote safety of life and preservation of property. Theseregulations have been and continue to be regularly amended as new and higher safety standards are introduced with which we are required to comply.An amendment of SOLAS introduced the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, which has been effective since July 1998. Underthe ISM Code the party with operational control of a vessel is required to develop an extensive safety management system that includes, among other things,the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for operating its vessels safely and describingprocedures for responding to emergencies. The ISM Code requires that vessel operators obtain a safety management certificate for each vessel they operate.This certificate evidences compliance by a vessel’s 54 Table of Contentsmanagement with code requirements for a safety management system. No vessel can obtain a certificate unless its manager has been awarded a document ofcompliance, issued by the flag state for the vessel, under the ISM Code. Noncompliance with the ISM Code and other IMO regulations, such as the mandatoryship energy efficiency management plan (“SEEMP”) which is akin to a safety management plan and came into effect on January 1, 2013, may subject a shipowner to increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels, and may result in the denial of access to, or detentionin, some ports. For example, the United States Coast Guard and European Union authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with the ISM Codewill be prohibited from trading in ports in the United States and European Union.Another amendment of SOLAS, made after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, introduced special measuresto enhance maritime security, including the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code).Our owned fleet maintains ISM and ISPS certifications for safety and security of operations. Each vessel’s certificate must be periodicallyrenewed and compliance must be periodically verified. In addition, the Manager voluntarily implements and maintains certifications pursuant to theInternational Organization for Standardization, or ISO, for its office and ships covering both quality of services and environmental protection (ISO 9001 andISO 14001, respectively).International Regulations to Prevent Pollution from Ships: In the second main category of international regulation, the primaryinstrument is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, or MARPOL, which imposes environmental standards on the shippingindustry set out in Annexes I-VI of MARPOL. These contain regulations for the prevention of pollution by oil (Annex I), by noxious liquid substances inbulk (Annex II), by harmful substances in packaged forms within the scope of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (Annex III), by sewage(Annex IV), by garbage (Annex V), and by air emissions (Annex VI).These regulations have been and continue to be regularly amended as new and more stringent standards of pollution prevention areintroduced with which we are required to comply.For example, MARPOL Annex VI, together with the NOx Technical Code established thereunder, sets limits on sulphur oxide andnitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons. It also includes aglobal cap on the sulphur content of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent controls on emissions. Originally adopted inSeptember 1997, Annex VI came into force in May 2005 and was amended in October 2008 (as was the NOx Technical Code) to provide for progressivelymore stringent limits on such emissions from 2010 onwards.The revised Annex VI provides, in particular, for a reduction of the global sulfur cap. After considering the issue for many years, the IMOannounced on October 27, 2016 that it was proceeding with a requirement for 0.5% m/m sulfur content in marine fuel (down from current levels of 3.5%)outside the ECAs starting on January 1, 2020. Under Annex VI, the 2020 date was subject to review as to the availability of the required fuel oil. Annex VIrequired the fuel availability review to be completed by 2018 but was ultimately completed in 2016. Therefore, by 2020, ships will be required to removesulfur from emissions through the use of emission control equipment, or purchase marine fuel with 0.5% sulfur content, which may see increased demand andhigher prices due to supply constraints. Installing pollution control equipment or using lower sulfur fuel could result in significantly increased costs to ourcompany. Similarly Annex VI requires Tier III standards for NOx emissions to be applied to ships constructed and engines installed in ships operating in NOxECAs from January 1, 2016. We anticipate incurring costs to comply with these more stringent standards by implementing measures such as fuel switching,vessel modification adding distillate fuel storage capacity, or addition of exhaust gas cleaning scrubbers, and may require installation and operation offurther control equipment at significantly increased cost.The revised Annex VI further allows for designation, in response to proposals from member parties, of Emission Control Areas (ECAs)that impose accelerated and/or more stringent requirements for control of sulfur oxide, particulate matter, and nitrogen oxide emissions. Thus far, ECAs havebeen formally adopted for the Baltic Sea area (limits SOx emissions only); the North Sea area including the English Channel (limiting SOx emissions only)and the North American ECA (which came into effect on August 1, 2012 limiting SOx, NOx and particulate matter emissions). In October 2016, the IMOapproved the designation of the North Sea and Baltic Sea as ECAs for NOx under Annex VI as well, which is scheduled for adoption in 2017 and would takeeffect in January 2021. The United States Caribbean Sea ECA entered into force on January 1, 2013 and has been effective since January 1, 2014, limitingSOx, NOx and particulate matter emissions. For the currently-designated ECAs, much lower sulfur limits on fuel oil content are being phased in (0.1% fromJanuary 1, 2015).At its 66th Session, the IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (the “MEPC”) adopted amendments (effective September2015) to Annex VI, regulation 13, regarding NOx and the date for the implementation of the “Tier III” standards within ECAs. These amendments provide,inter alia, that such standards, applicable on January 1, 2016, apply to marine diesel engines installed on ships which operate in the North American ECA orthe U.S. Caribbean Sea ECA and to installed marine diesel engines which operate in other ECAs which might be designated in the future for Tier III NOxcontrol. At MEPC 69, Annex VI was also amended to require recordkeeping requirements to demonstrate compliance with the NOX Tier III ECA 55 Table of ContentsAt its 64th session (2012), the MEPC indicated that 2015 was the target year for member states to identify market-based measures forinternational shipping. At its 66th session (2014), the MEPC continued its work on developing technical and operational measures relating to energy-efficiency measures for ships, following the entry into force of the mandatory efficiency measures on January 1, 2013. It adopted the 2014 Guidelines on theMethod of Calculation of the Attained EEDI, applicable to new ships. It further adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI concerning the extension of thescope of application of the EEDI to Liquified Natural Gas (“LNG”) carriers, ro-ro cargo ships (vehicle carriers), ro-ro cargo ships, ro-ro passenger ships andcruise passengers ships with nonconventional propulsion. At its 67th session (2014), the MEPC adopted the 2014 Guidelines on survey and certification ofthe EEDI, updating the previous version to reference ships fitted with dual-fuel engines using LNG and liquid fuel oil. The MEPC also adopted amendmentsto the 2013 Interim Guidelines for determining minimum propulsion power to maintain the maneuverability of ships in adverse conditions, to make theguidelines applicable to phase 1 (starting January 1, 2015) of the EEDI requirements. At its 68th session (2015), the MEPC amended the 2014 Guidelines onEEDI survey and certification as well as the method of calculating of EEDI for new ships, the latter of which was again amended at the 70th session (2016). Atits 70th session, the MEPC adopted mandatory requirements for ships of 5,000 gross tonnage or greater to collect fuel consumption data for each type of fuelused, and report the data to the flag State after the end of each calendar year.The revised Annex I to the MARPOL Convention entered into force in January 2007. It incorporates various amendments to theMARPOL Convention and imposes construction requirements for oil tankers delivered on or after January 1, 2010. On August 1, 2007, Regulation 12A (anamendment to Annex I) came into force imposing performance standards for accidental oil fuel outflow and requiring oil fuel tanks to be located inside thedouble-hull in all ships with an aggregate oil fuel capacity of 600 cubic meters and above, and which are delivered on or after August 1, 2010, includingships for which the building contract is entered into on or after August 1, 2007 or, in the absence of a contract, for which keel is laid on or after February 1,2008. We intend that all of our newbuild tanker vessels, if any, will comply with Regulation 12A.Greenhouse Gas (“GHG”) Emissions: In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange entered into force. Pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol, adopting countries are required to implement national programs to reduce emissions of certaingases, generally referred to as greenhouse gases, which are suspected of contributing to global warming. Currently, the greenhouse gas emissions frominternational shipping do not come under the Kyoto Protocol.In December 2011, UN climate change talks took place in Durban and concluded with an agreement referred to as the Durban Platformfor Enhanced Action. In preparation for the Durban Conference, the International Chamber of Shipping (“ICS”) produced a briefing document, confirming theshipping industry’s commitment to cut shipping emissions by 20% by 2020, with significant further reductions thereafter. The ICS called on the participantsin the Durban Conference to give the IMO a clear mandate to deliver emissions reductions through market-based measures, for example a shipping industryenvironmental compensation fund. Notwithstanding the ICS’ request for global regulation of the shipping industry, the Durban Conference did not result inany proposals specifically addressing the shipping industry’s role in climate change.Although regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in the shipping industry was discussed during the 2015 UN Climate ChangeConference in Paris (the “Paris Conference”), the agreement reached among the 195 nations did not expressly reference the shipping industry. Following theParis Conference, the IMO announced it would continue its efforts on this issue at the MEPC, and at its 70th session, the MEPC approved a Roadmap fordeveloping a comprehensive GHG emissions reduction strategy for ships, which includes the goal of adopting an initial strategy and emission reductioncommitments in 2018. The Roadmap also provides for additional studies and further intersessional work, to be continued at the 71st session in 2017, with agoal of adopting a revised strategy in 2023 to include short-, mid- and long-term reduction measures and schedules for implementation.The European Union announced in April 2007 that it planned to expand the European Union emissions trading scheme by addingvessels, and a proposal from the European Commission was expected if no global regime for reduction of seaborne emissions had been agreed by the end of2011. As of January 31, 2013, the Commission has, so far, stopped short of any such proposals to include emissions from ships in the EU’s emissions tradingscheme (ETS). However, on October 1, 2012, it announced that it would propose measures to monitor verify and report on greenhouse-gas emissions from theshipping sector.On June 28, 2013, the European Commission adopted a Communication setting out a strategy for progressively including greenhousegas emissions from maritime transport in the EU’s policy for reducing its overall GHG emissions. The first step proposed by the Commission is an EURegulation to an EU-wide system for the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from large ships starting in 2018. The EURegulation was adopted on April 29, 2015 and took effect on July 1, 2015, with monitoring, reporting and verification requirement beginning on January 1,2018. This EU Regulation may be seen as indicative of an intention to maintain pressure on the international negotiating process. The EC also adopted anImplementing Regulation, which entered into force in November 2016, setting templates for monitoring plans, emissions reports and compliance documentspursuant to Regulation 2015/757. 56 Table of ContentsOther International Regulations to Prevent Pollution: In addition to MARPOL, other more specialized international instruments havebeen adopted to prevent different types of pollution or environmental harm from ships. In February 2004, the IMO adopted an International Convention forthe Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, or the BWM Convention. The BWM Convention’s implementing regulations call for aphased introduction of mandatory ballast water exchange requirements, to be replaced in time with mandatory concentration limits, as well as otherobligations including recordkeeping requirements and implementation of a Ballast Water and Sediments Management PlanThe BWM Convention stipulates that it will enter into force twelve months after it has been adopted by at least 30 states, the combinedmerchant fleets of which represent at least 35% of the gross tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping. With Finland’s accession to the Agreement onSeptember 8, 2016, the 35% threshold was reached, and the BWM convention will enter into force on September 8, 2017. Thereafter, on October 19, 2016,Panama also acceded to the BWM convention, adding its 18.02% of world gross tonnage. As of February 7, 2017, the BWM Convention had 54 contractingstates for 53.30% of world gross tonnage. The BWM Convention requires ships to manage ballast water in a manner that removes, renders harmless or avoidsthe uptake or discharge of aquatic organisms and pathogens within ballast water and sediment. Recently updated Ballast Water and Sediment ManagementPlan guidance includes more robust testing and performance specifications. The entry of the BWM Convention and revised guidance will likely result inadditional compliance costs.European RegulationsEuropean regulations in the maritime sector are in general based on international law. However, since the Erika incident in 1999, theEuropean Community has become increasingly active in the field of regulation of maritime safety and protection of the environment. It has been the drivingforce behind a number of amendments of MARPOL (including, for example, changes to accelerate the time-table for the phase-out of single hull tankers, andto prohibit the carriage in such tankers of heavy grades of oil), and if dissatisfied either with the extent of such amendments or with the time-table for theirintroduction it has been prepared to legislate on a unilateral basis. It should be noted, for instance, that the EU has its own regime as far as ship emissions areconcerned and while it does in some respects align with the IMO regime, this is not always the case. As far as sulfur dioxide emissions are concerned, forexample, the EU regulation has not just caught up with the IMO limits for sulfur in ECAs, but it continues to have certain elements that exceed IMOregulations (e.g. as of January 1, 2015, EU Member States must ensure that ships in the Baltic, the North Seam and the English Channel are using gas oilswith a sulfur content of no more than 0.10%).In some instances where it has done so, international regulations have subsequently been amended to the same level of stringency as thatintroduced in Europe, but the risk is well established that EU regulations may from time to time impose burdens and costs on ship owners and operatorswhich are additional to those involved in complying with international rules and standards. In December 2016, the EU signed into law the NationalEmissions Ceiling (“NEC”) Directive, which entered into force on December 31, 2016. The NEC must be implemented by individual members states throughparticular laws in each state by June 30, 2018. The NEC aims to set stricter emissions limits on SO2, ammonia, non-methane volatile organic compounds,NOx and fine particulate (PM2.5) by setting new upper limits for emissions of these pollutants, starting in 2020. While the NEC is not specifically directedtoward the shipping industry, the EU specifically mentions the shipping industry in its announcement of the NEC as a contributor to emissions of PM2.5,SO2 and NOx. Implementation of new laws by member states to reduce emissions may ultimately result in increased costs to us to comply with the morestringent standards.In some areas of regulation the EU has introduced new laws without attempting to procure a corresponding amendment of internationallaw. Notably, it adopted in 2005 a directive on ship-source pollution, imposing criminal sanctions for pollution not only where this is caused by intent orrecklessness (which would be an offense under MARPOL), but also where it is caused by “serious negligence”. The directive could therefore result in criminalliability being incurred in circumstances where it would not be incurred under international law. Experience has shown that in the emotive atmosphere oftenassociated with pollution incidents, retributive attitudes towards ship interests have found expression in negligence being alleged by prosecutors and foundby courts. Moreover, there is skepticism that the notion of “serious negligence” is likely to prove any narrower in practice than ordinary negligence. Criminalliability for a pollution incident could not only result in us incurring substantial penalties or fines but may also, in some jurisdictions, facilitate civil liabilityclaims for greater compensation than would otherwise have been payable.United States Environmental Regulations and Laws Governing Civil Liability for Pollution: Environmental legislation in the UnitedStates merits particular mention as it is in many respects more onerous than international laws, representing a high-water mark of regulation with which ship-owners and operators must comply, and of liability likely to be incurred in the event of non-compliance or an incident causing pollution.U.S. federal legislation, including notably the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, establishes an extensive regulatory and liability regimefor the protection and cleanup of the environment from oil spills, including cargo or bunker oil spills from tankers. OPA affects all owners and operatorswhose vessels trade in the United States, its territories and possessions or whose vessels operate in United States waters, which includes the United States’territorial sea and its 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone. Under OPA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are “responsible parties” andare jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill 57 Table of Contentsresults solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising fromdischarges or substantial threats of discharges, of oil from their vessels. In addition to potential liability under OPA as the relevant federal legislation, vesselowners may in some instances incur liability on an even more stringent basis under state law in the particular state where the spillage occurred.Title VII of the Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2004, or the CGMTA, amended OPA to require the owner or operator ofany non tank vessel of 400 gross tons or more, that carries oil of any kind as a fuel for main propulsion, including bunkers, to prepare and submit a responseplan for each vessel on or before August 8, 2005. The implementing regulations took effect on October 30, 2013. The vessel response plans must includedetailed information on actions to be taken by vessel personnel to prevent or mitigate any discharge or substantial threat of such a discharge of ore from thevessel due to operational activities or casualties.OPA liability limits are periodically adjusted for inflation, and the U.S. Coast Guard issued a final rule on November 19, 2015 to reflectincreases in the Consumer Price Index. With this adjustment, OPA currently limits liability of the responsible party for single-hull tank vessels over 3,000gross tons to the greater of $3,500 per gross ton or $25.846 million (this amount is reduced to $7.05 million if the vessel is less than 3,000 gross tons). Fortank vessels over 3,000 gross tons, other than a single-hull vessel, liability is limited to $2,200 per gross ton or $18.8 million (or $4.7 million for a vessel lessthan 3,000 gross tons), whichever is greater. Under the OPA, these limits of liability do not apply if an incident was directly caused by violation of applicableUnited States federal safety, construction or operating regulations or by a responsible party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, or if the responsibleparty fails or refuses to report the incident or to cooperate and assist in connection with oil removal activities.Under the OPA, these limits of liability do not apply if an incident was directly caused by violation of applicable United States federalsafety, construction or operating regulations or by a responsible party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, or if the responsible party fails or refuses toreport the incident or to cooperate and assist in connection with oil removal activities.In response to the Deepwater Horizon incident in the Gulf of Mexico, in 2010 the U.S. Congress proposed, but did not formally adoptlegislation to amend OPA to mandate stronger safety standards and increased liability and financial responsibility for offshore drilling operations. WhileCongressional activity on this topic is expected to continue to focus on offshore facilities rather than on vessels generally, it cannot be known with certaintywhat form any such new legislative initiatives may take.In addition, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA, which applies to the dischargeof hazardous substances (other than oil) whether on land or at sea, contains a similar liability regime and provides for cleanup, removal and natural resourcedamages. Liability under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $0.5 million for vessels not carrying hazardous substances as cargo orresidue, unless the incident is caused by gross negligence, willful misconduct, or a violation of certain regulations, in which case liability is unlimited.Similarly, in response to the Deepwater Horizon incident, the European Union has issued Directive 2013/30/EU of the EuropeanParliament and of the Council of June 12, 2013 on safety of offshore oil and gas operations. The objective of this Directive is to reduce as much as possiblethe occurrence of major accidents relating to offshore oil and gas operations and to limit their consequences, thus increasing the protection of the marineenvironment and coastal economies against pollution, establishing minimum conditions for safe offshore exploration and exploitation of oil and gas limitingpossible disruptions to European Union indigenous energy production, and to improve the response mechanisms in case of an accident. Member states mustimplement the Directive by July 19, 2015. The UK has various new or amended regulations such as: the Offshore Petroleum Activities (Offshore SafetyDirective) (Environmental Functions) Regulations 2015 (OSDEF), the 2015 amendments to the Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution Preparedness, Responseand Cooperation Convention) Regulations 1998 (OPRC 1998) and other environmental Directive requirements, specifically the Environmental ManagementSystem. The Offshore Petroleum Licensing (Offshore Safety Directive) Regulations 2015 will implement the licensing Directive requirements.We currently maintain, for each of our owned vessels, insurance coverage against pollution liability risks in the amount of $1.0 billionper incident. The insured risks include penalties and fines as well as civil liabilities and expenses resulting from accidental pollution. However, this insurancecoverage is subject to exclusions, deductibles and other terms and conditions. If any liabilities or expenses fall within an exclusion from coverage, or ifdamages from a catastrophic incident exceed the $1.0 billion limitation of coverage per incident, our cash flow, profitability and financial position could beadversely impacted.Under OPA, an owner or operator of a fleet of vessels is required only to demonstrate evidence of financial responsibility in an amountsufficient to cover the vessel in the fleet having the greatest maximum liability under OPA. Under the self-insurance provisions, the ship owner or operatormust have a net worth and working capital, measured in assets located in the United States against liabilities located anywhere in the world, that exceeds theapplicable amount of financial responsibility. We have complied with the U.S. Coast Guard regulations by providing a certificate of responsibility from thirdparty entities that are acceptable to the U.S. Coast Guard evidencing sufficient self-insurance. 58 Table of ContentsThe U.S. Coast Guard’s regulations concerning certificates of financial responsibility provide, in accordance with OPA, that claimantsmay bring suit directly against an insurer or guarantor that furnishes certificates of financial responsibility. In the event that such insurer or guarantor is sueddirectly, it is prohibited from asserting any contractual defense that it may have had against the responsible party and is limited to asserting those defensesavailable to the responsible party and the defense that the incident was caused by the willful misconduct of the responsible party. Certain organizations,which had typically provided certificates of financial responsibility under pre-OPA laws, including the major protection and indemnity organizations havedeclined to furnish evidence of insurance for vessel owners and operators if they are subject to direct actions or required to waive insurance policy defenses.This requirement may have the effect of limiting the availability of the type of coverage required by the Coast Guard and could increase our costs ofobtaining this insurance as well as the costs of our competitors that also require such coverage.OPA specifically permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution incidents occurring withintheir boundaries, and some states’ environmental laws impose unlimited liability for oil spills. In some cases, states which have enacted such legislation havenot yet issued implementing regulations defining vessels owners’ responsibilities under these laws.The United States Clean Water Act prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances in U.S. navigable waters and imposes strictliability in the form of penalties for unauthorized discharges. The Clean Water Act also imposes substantial liability for the costs of removal, remediation anddamages and complements the remedies available under CERCLA. The EPA regulates the discharge of ballast water and other substances incidental to thenormal operation of vessels in U.S. waters using a Vessel General Permit (VGP), system pursuant to the CWA, in order to combat the risk of harmful organismsthat can travel in ballast water carried from foreign ports and to minimize the risk of water pollution through numerous specified effluent streams incidental tothe normal operation of vessels. Compliance with the conditions of the VGP is required for commercial vessels 79 feet in length or longer (other thancommercial fishing vessels). On March 28, 2013, the EPA adopted the 2013 VGP which took effect on December 19, 2013. The 2013 VGP is valid for fiveyears.This new 2013 VGP imposes a numeric standard to control the release of non-indigenous invasive species in ballast water discharges. OnOctober 5, 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit found the EPA was arbitrary and capricious in issuing the ballast water provisions of theVCP, finding that the EPA failed to adequately explain why stricter technology-based effluent standards should not be applied. The court instructed the EPAto reconsider these issues but held the 2013 VCP remains in effect until the EPA addresses the issues. If the EPA establishes more stringent numeric standardsfor ballast water discharges, we may incur costs to modify our vessels to comply with new standards. In addition, through the CWA certification provisions,that allow U.S. states to place additional conditions on the use of the VGP within state waters, a number of states have proposed or implemented a variety ofstricter ballast water requirements including, in some states, specific treatment standards.Compliance with new U.S. federal and state requirements could require the installation of equipment on our vessels to treat ballast waterbefore it is discharged or the implementation of other port facility disposal arrangements or procedures at potentially substantial cost, and/or otherwiserestrict our vessels from entering U.S. waters. Coast Guard regulations require commercial ships operating in U.S. waters to manage ballast water by meetingcertain requirements, which include using a U.S. type-approved Ballast Water Management System (“BWMS”), temporarily using a foreign-type BWMS thathas been accepted by the Coast Guard, using ballast water obtained from a U.S. Public Water System, discharge ballast water into a shore-side facility or notdischarge ballast water within 12 nautical miles. Vessel owners/operators may request an extension to the compliance deadline by showing that, despite allefforts, it cannot comply with one of the approved systems or compliance methods. There are numerous foreign-approved Ballast Water Treatment Systems(“BWTS”) in the Coast Guard’s list of approved Alternate Management Systems. Importantly, on December 2, 2016, the Marine Safety Center issued the firstCoast Guard type approved Ballast Water Management System (“BWMS”), called the Optimarin Ballast System (there are currently type-approved BWTSfrom three manufacturers). With this issuance, it may become more difficult to receive compliance extensions and thus could result in significant costs toinstall an approved BWTS; however, existing extensions will continue to be honored through the stated extension date. Failure to comply with U.S. ballastwater regulations, including installation of BWTS by September 8, 2017, could result in civil or criminal fines or penalties.The Federal Clean Air Act (“CAA”) requires the EPA to promulgate standards applicable to emissions of volatile organic compounds andother air contaminants. Our vessels are subject to CAA vapor control and recovery standards (“VCS”) for cleaning fuel tanks and conducting other operationsin regulated port areas, and to CAA emissions standards for so-called “Category 3” marine diesel engines operating in U.S. waters. In April 2010, EPAadopted regulations implementing the provision of MARPOL Annex VI regarding emissions from Category 3 marine diesel engines. Under these regulations,both U.S. and foreign-flagged ships must comply with the applicable engine and fuel standards of Annex VI, including the stricter North America ECAstandards which took effect in August 2012, when they enter U.S. ports or operate in most internal U.S. waters including the Great Lakes. Annex VIrequirements are discussed in greater detail above under “International regulations to prevent pollution from ships.” We may incur costs to install controlequipment on our vessels to comply with the new standards.Also under the CAA, since 1990, the U.S. Coast Guard has regulated the safety of VCSs that are required under EPA and state rules. Ourvessels operating in regulated port areas have installed VCSs that are compliant with EPA, state and U.S. Coast Guard requirements. On July 16, 2013, theU.S. Coast Guard adopted regulations that made its VCS requirements more compatible with new EPA and State regulations, reflected changes in VCStechnology, and codified existing U.S. Coast Guard guidelines. We intend to comply with all applicable state and U.S. federal regulations in the ports whereour vessels call. 59 Table of ContentsInternational laws governing civil liability for oil pollution damageWe operate a fleet of dry cargo vessels that are subject to national and international laws governing pollution from such vessels. Severalinternational conventions impose and limit pollution liability from vessels. An owner of a tanker vessel carrying a cargo of “persistent oil” as defined by theCLC is subject under the convention to strict liability for any pollution damage caused in a contracting state by an escape or discharge from cargo or bunkertanks. This liability is subject to a financial limit calculated by reference to the tonnage of the ship, and the right to limit liability may be lost if the spill iscaused by the shipowner’s intentional or reckless conduct. Liability may also be incurred under the CLC for a bunker spill from the vessel even when she isnot carrying such cargo, but is in ballast.When a tanker is carrying clean oil products that do not constitute “persistent oil” that would be covered under the CLC, liability for anypollution damage will generally fall outside the CLC and will depend on other international conventions or domestic laws in the jurisdiction where thespillage occurs. The same principle applies to any pollution from the vessel in a jurisdiction which is not a party to the CLC. The CLC applies in over 100jurisdictions around the world, but it does not apply in the United States, where the corresponding liability laws such as the OPA discussed above, areparticularly stringent.In 2001, the IMO adopted the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, or the Bunker Convention,which imposes strict liability on shipowners for pollution damage in jurisdictional waters of ratifying states caused by discharges of “bunker oil.” TheBunker Convention defines “bunker oil” as “any hydrocarbon mineral oil, including lubricating oil, used or intended to be used for the operation orpropulsion of the ship, and any residues of such oil.” The Bunker Convention also requires registered owners of ships over a certain size to maintaininsurance for pollution damage in an amount equal to the limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitation regime (but notexceeding the amount calculated in accordance with the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims of 1976, as amended, or the 1976Convention). The Bunker Convention entered into force on November 21, 2008, and as of February 7, 2017, had 83 contracting states. In other jurisdictionsliability for spills or releases of oil from ships’ bunkers continues to be determined by the national or other domestic laws in the jurisdiction where the eventsor damages occur.Outside the United States, national laws generally provide for the owner to bear strict liability for pollution, subject to a right to limitliability under applicable national or international regimes for limitation of liability. The most widely applicable international regime limiting maritimepollution liability is the 1976 Convention. Rights to limit liability under the 1976 Convention are forfeited where a spill is caused by a shipowners’intentional or reckless conduct. Some states have ratified the 1996 LLMC Protocol to the 1976 Convention, which provides for liability limits substantiallyhigher than those set forth in the 1976 Convention to apply in such states. Finally, some jurisdictions are not a party to either the 1976 Convention or the1996 LLMC Protocol, and, therefore, shipowners’ rights to limit liability for maritime pollution in such jurisdictions may be uncertain.Security RegulationsSince the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of initiatives intended to enhance vessel security. OnNovember 25, 2002, the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or MTSA, came into effect. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, in July 2003,the U.S. Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to thejurisdiction of the United States. Similarly, in December 2002, amendments to SOLAS created a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically withmaritime security. The new chapter went into effect in July 2004, and imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities, most ofwhich are contained in the newly created ISPS Code. Among the various requirements are: • on-board installation of automatic information systems, or AIS, to enhance vessel-to-vessel and vessel-to-shore communications; • on-board installation of ship security alert systems; • the development of vessel security plans; and • compliance with flag state security certification requirements.Furthermore, additional security measures could be required in the future which could have a significant financial impact on us. The U.S.Coast Guard regulations, intended to be aligned with international maritime security standards, exempt non-U.S. vessels from MTSA vessel securitymeasures, provided such vessels have on board a valid International Ship Security Certificate, or ISSC, that attests to the vessel’s compliance with SOLASsecurity requirements and the ISPS Code. We will implement the various security 60 Table of Contentsmeasures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code and take measures for the vessels to attain compliance with all applicable security requirementswithin the prescribed time periods. Although management does not believe these additional requirements will have a material financial impact on ouroperations, there can be no assurance that there will not be an interruption in operations to bring vessels into compliance with the applicable requirementsand any such interruption could cause a decrease in charter revenues. Furthermore, additional security measures could be required in the future which couldhave a significant financial impact on us.Inspection by Classification Societies: Every sea going vessel must be “classed” by a classification society. The classification societycertifies that the vessel is “in class,” signifying that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification society andcomplies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessel’s country of registry and the international conventions of which that country is a member. Inaddition, where surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances of a flag state, the classification society willundertake them on application or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities concerned.The classification society also undertakes, on request, other surveys and checks that are required by regulations and requirements of theflag state. These surveys are subject to agreements made in each individual case or to the regulations of the country concerned. For maintenance of the class,regular and extraordinary surveys of hull, machinery (including the electrical plant) and any special equipment classed are required to be performed asfollows: • Annual Surveys: For seagoing ships, annual surveys are conducted for the hull and the machinery (including the electrical plant) and, where applicable,for special equipment classed, at intervals of 12 months from the date of commencement of the class period indicated in the certificate. • Intermediate Surveys: Extended annual surveys are referred to as intermediate surveys and typically are conducted two and a half years aftercommissioning and each class renewal. Intermediate surveys may be carried out on the occasion of the second or third annual survey. • Class Renewal Surveys: Class renewal surveys, also known as special surveys, are carried out for the ship’s hull, machinery (including the electricalplant), and for any special equipment classed, at the intervals indicated by the character of classification for the hull. At the special survey, the vessel isthoroughly examined, including audio-gauging, to determine the thickness of its steel structure. Should the thickness be found to be less than classrequirements, the classification society would prescribe steel renewals. The classification society may grant a one-year grace period for completion ofthe special survey. Substantial amounts of money may have to be spent for steel renewals to pass a special survey if the vessel experiences excessivewear and tear. In lieu of the special survey every four or five years, depending on whether a grace period was granted, a ship owner has the option ofarranging with the classification society for the vessel’s integrated hull or machinery to be on a continuous survey cycle, in which every part of thevessel would be surveyed within a five-year cycle.Risk of Loss and Liability InsuranceGeneral: The operation of any cargo vessel includes risks such as mechanical failure, physical damage, collision, property loss, cargoloss or damage, business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities, and labor strikes. In addition, there is always an inherentpossibility of marine disaster, including oil spills and other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating vessels ininternational trade. The OPA, which imposes virtually unlimited liability upon owners, operators and demise charterers of any vessel trading in the UnitedStates exclusive economic zone for certain oil pollution accidents in the United States, has made liability insurance more expensive for ship owners andoperators trading in the U.S. market. While we believe that our present insurance coverage is adequate, not all risks can be insured, and there can be noguarantee that any specific claim will be paid, or that we will always be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.Hull and Machinery and War Risk Insurance: We have marine hull and machinery and war risk insurance, which include coverage ofthe risk of actual or constructive total loss, for all of our owned vessels. Each of the owned vessels is covered up to at least fair market value, with a deductibleof $0.1 million per Panamax, Handymax and Container vessel and $0.2 million per Capesize vessel for the hull and machinery insurance. We have alsoextended our war risk insurance to include war loss of hire for any loss of time to the vessel, including for physical repairs, caused by a warlike incident andpiracy seizure for up to 270 days of detention / loss of time. There are no deductibles for the war risk insurance or the war loss of hire cover.We have arranged, as necessary, increased value insurance for our vessels. With the increased value insurance, in case of total loss of thevessel, we will be able to recover the sum insured under the increased value policy in addition to the sum insured under the hull and machinery policy.Increased value insurance also covers excess liabilities that are not recoverable in full by the hull and machinery policies by reason of underinsurance. We donot expect to maintain loss of hire insurance for our vessels. Loss of hire insurance covers business interruptions that result in the loss of use of a vessel. 61 Table of ContentsProtection and Indemnity Insurance: Protection and indemnity insurance is expected to be provided by mutual protection andindemnity associations, or P&I Associations, who indemnify members in respect of discharging their tortious, contractual or statutory third-party legalliabilities arising from the operation of an entered ship. Such liabilities include but are not limited to third-party liability and other related expenses frominjury or death of crew, passengers and other third parties, loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from oil or other substances, and salvage, towing and other related costs, including wreck removal. Protection and indemnityinsurance is a form of mutual indemnity insurance, extended by protection and indemnity mutual associations and always provided in accordance with theapplicable associations’ rules and members’ agreed terms and conditions.Our fleet is currently entered for protection and indemnity insurance with International Group associations where, in line with allInternational Group Clubs, coverage for oil pollution is limited to $1.0 billion per event. The 13 P&I Associations that comprise the International Groupinsure approximately 95% of the world’s commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to collectively reinsure each association’sliabilities. Each vessel that we acquire will be entered with P&I Associations of the International Group. Under the International Group reinsurance programfor the current policy year, each P&I club in the International Group is responsible for the first $10.0 million of every claim. In every claim the amount inexcess of $10.0 million and up to $80.0 million is shared by the clubs under the pooling agreement. Any claim in excess of $80.0 million is reinsured by theInternational Group in the international reinsurance market under the General Excess of Loss Reinsurance Contract. This policy currently provides anadditional $2.0 billion of coverage for non-oil pollution claims. Further to this, an additional reinsurance layer has been placed by the International Groupfor claims up to $1.0 billion in excess of $2.08 billion, or $3.08 billion in total. For passengers and crew claims, the overall limit is $3.0 billion for any oneevent on any one vessel with a sub-limit of $2.0 billion for passengers. With the exception of pollution, passenger or crew claims, should any other P&I claimexceed Group reinsurance limits, the provisions of all International Group Club’s overspill claim rules will operate and members of any International GroupClub will be liable for additional contributions in accordance with such rules. To date, there has never been an overspill claim, or one even nearing this level.As a member of the P&I Associations that are members of the International Group, we will be subject to calls payable to the associationsbased on our individual fleet record, the associations’ overall its claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations,and members of the pool of P&I Associations comprising the International Group. The P&I Associations’ policy year commences on February 20th. Calls arelevied by means of Estimated Total Premiums (“ETP”) and the amount of the final installment of the ETP varies according to the actual total premiumultimately required by the club for a particular policy year. Members have a liability to pay supplementary calls which might be levied by the board ofdirectors of the club if the ETP is insufficient to cover amounts paid out by the club. Should a member leave or entry cease with any of the associations, at theClub’s Managers discretion, they may be also be liable to pay release calls or provide adequate security for the same amount. Such calls are levied in respectof potential outstanding Club/Member liabilities on open policy years and include but are not limited to liabilities for deferred calls and supplementary calls.Uninsured Risks: Not all risks are insured and not all risks are insurable. The principal insurable risks which nonetheless remainuninsured across our businesses are “loss of hire”, “strikes,” except in cases of loss of hire due to war or a piracy event, “defense,” and “credit risk.Specifically, Navios Holdings does not insure these risks because the costs are regarded as disproportionate. These insurances provide, subject to adeductible, a limited indemnity for hire that would not be receivable by the shipowner for reasons set forth in the policy. Should a vessel on time charter,where the vessel is paid a fixed hire day by day, suffer a serious mechanical breakdown, the daily hire will no longer be payable by the charterer. The purposeof the loss of hire insurance is to secure the loss of hire during such periods. In the case of strikes insurance, if a vessel is being paid a fixed sum to perform avoyage and the ship becomes strike bound at a loading or discharging port, the insurance covers the loss of earnings during such periods. However, in somecases when a vessel is transiting high risk war and/or piracy areas, Navios Holdings arranges war loss of hire insurance to cover up to 270 days ofdetention/loss of time. There are no deductibles for the war loss of hire cover. We maintain strike insurance for our port terminal operations.Credit Risk Insurance: With effect from March 25, 2014, the Company entered into an agreement to terminate the amended creditdefault insurance policy. In connection with the termination, Navios Holdings received compensation of $4.0 million in cash direct from the credit defaultinsurer during the second quarter of 2014. The Company has no future requirement to repay any of the lump sum cash payment back to the insurancecompany.Risk ManagementRisk management in the shipping industry involves balancing a number of factors in a cyclical and potentially volatile environment.Fundamentally, the challenge is to appropriately allocate capital to competing opportunities of owning or chartering vessels. In part, this requires a view ofthe overall health of the market as well as an understanding of capital costs and returns. Thus, stated simply, one may charter-in part of a fleet as opposed toowning the entire fleet to maximize risk management and economic results. This is coupled with the challenge posed by the complex logistics of ensuringthat the vessels controlled by Navios Holdings are fully employed. 62 Table of ContentsNavios Holdings seeks to manage risk through a number of strategies, including vessel control strategies (chartering and ownership),freight carriage and FFA trading. Navios Holdings’ vessel control strategies include seeking the appropriate mix of owned vessels, long- and short-termchartered-in vessels, coupled with purchase options, when available, and spot charters. Navios Holdings also enters into COAs, which gives Navios Holdings,subject to certain limitations, the flexibility to determine the means of getting a particular cargo to its destination. Navios Holdings’ FFA trading strategiesinclude taking economic hedges to manage and mitigate risk on vessels that are on-hire or coming off-hire to protect against the risk of movement in freightmarket rates.Legal ProceedingsNavios Holdings is not involved in any legal proceedings that it believes will have a material adverse effect on its business, financialposition, results of operations and liquidity.From time to time, Navios Holdings may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. It is expected thatthese claims would be covered by insurance if they involved liabilities such as those that arise from a collision, other marine casualty, damage to cargoes, oilpollution and death or personal injuries to crew, subject to customary deductibles. Those claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure ofsignificant financial and managerial resources.On October 7, 2016, a putative class action complaint was filed against the Company and six of its directors in the United States DistrictCourt for the Southern District of New York by a purported holder of Series G ADSs and Series H ADSs. The complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciaryduty and contract. The complaint sought, among other things, unspecified monetary damages, a declaration regarding certain of the Company’s allegedobligations under the applicable certificates of designation, the restoration of certain alleged rights to non-tendering holders if the exchange offer thatcommenced on September 19, 2016 was consummated, and an award of plaintiff’s costs. On November 28, 2016, plaintiff’s counsel informed the Court thatthe litigation was moot in light of the failure of the consent solicitation (which did not attain the necessary support from the holders of Series G ADSs andSeries H ADSs). On January 10, 2017, plaintiff’s counsel submitted a motion for attorneys’ fees to which the Company submitted an opposition brief onFebruary 3, 2017, which requested that the Court deny the request for attorneys’ fees in its entirety.Refer also to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in “Recent Developments” and “Item 8. Financial Information” in“Legal Proceedings”.Crewing and Shore EmployeesNavios Holdings crews its vessels primarily with Greek, Ukrainian, Georgian, Filipino, Polish, Romanian, Indian and Russian officers andFilipino, Georgian, Indian, Romanian, Ethiopian and Ukrainian seamen. Navios Holdings’ fleet manager is responsible for selecting its Greek officers. Othernationalities are referred to Navios Holdings’ fleet manager by local crewing agencies. Navios Holdings is also responsible for travel and payroll of the crew.The crewing agencies handle each seaman’s training. Navios Holdings requires that all of its seamen have the qualifications and licenses required to complywith international regulations and shipping conventions. Navios Logistics crews its fleet with Argentinean, Brazilian and Paraguayan officers and seamen.Navios Logistics’ fleet managers are responsible for selecting the crew.As of December 31, 2016, with respect to shore-side employees, Navios Holdings and its subsidiaries employed 196 employees in itsPiraeus, Greece office, 11 employees in its New York office, seven employees in its Antwerp, Belgium office, three employees in its Monaco office and oneemployee in its Singapore office. Navios Logistics employs 48 employees in the Asuncion, Paraguay office, 20 employees at the port facility in San Antonio,Paraguay, 101 employees in the Buenos Aires, Argentina office, eight employees in the Montevideo, Uruguay office, 164 employees at the dry port facility inUruguay, and 10 employees at Hidronave South American Logistics S.A.’s (“Hidronave”) Corumba, Brazil office. 63 Table of ContentsFacilitiesNavios Holdings and its affiliates currently lease the following properties: • Navios Shipmanagement Inc. and Navios Corporation lease approximately 3,882.3 square meters of space at 85 Akti Miaouli, Piraeus, Greece, pursuantto lease agreements that expire in 2017 and 2019. • Kleimar N.V. leases approximately 632 square meters for its offices, in Antwerp, Belgium, pursuant to a lease that expires in 2019. • Navios Corporation leases approximately 16,703 square feet of space at 825 Third Avenue, New York, New York, pursuant to a lease that expires in2019. Navios Holdings sublets a portion of the 34th floor in the building located at 825 Third Avenue, New York, New York, which premises comprisea portion of the premises under the main lease, to a third party pursuant a sub-lease that expires in 2019. • Navios Tankers Management Inc. leases approximately 253.75 square meters of space at 85 Akti Miaouli, Piraeus, Greece, pursuant to a leaseagreement signed October 29, 2010 and expiring in 2019. • Navios Shipmanagement Inc., Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. and Navios Tankers Management Inc. lease office space in Monaco pursuant to a leasethat expires in June 2018.Navios Logistics and its subsidiaries currently lease, (or occupy as free zone users, as the case may be), the following premises: • CNSA, as a free zone direct user at the Nueva Palmira Free Zone, holds the right to occupy the land on which it operates its port and transfer facility,located at Zona Franca, Nueva Palmira, Uruguay. CNSA was authorized to operate as a free zone user on November 29, 1955 by a resolution of theExecutive, who on September 27, 1956 approved an agreement, as required by applicable law at the time. On December 4, 1995, CNSA’s rights as adirect user were renewed in a single free zone user agreement, which was subsequently amended on multiple occasions, incorporating new plots of landuntil its final version dated March 4, 2016. The agreement currently in force permits CNSA to install and operate a transfer station to handle and storegoods, and to build and operate a plant to receive, prepare and dry grain, iron ore, minerals and all types of liquid cargo on land in the Nueva PalmiraFree Zone. The agreement expires on March 3, 2046, with a 20-year extension at Navios Logistics’ option, until 2066. Navios Logistics pays a fixedannual fee of approximately $0.3 million, payable over eight consecutive months beginning in January of each year and increasing yearly inproportion to the variation in the U.S. Consumer Price Index corresponding to the previous year. There is also a transhipment fee of $0.20 per tontransshipped until December 31, 2017 and of $0.25 per ton transshipped thereafter. Navios Logistics has certain obligations with respect to improvingthe land subject to the agreement, and the agreement is terminable by the Free Zone Division if it breaches the terms of the agreement, or labor laws andsocial security contributions, and if it commits illegal acts or acts expressly forbidden by the agreement. In March 2013, CNSA acquired Enresur, aNueva Palmira Free Zone direct user, and in December 2014, Navios Logistics acquired Cartisur and Edolmix, both also Nueva Palmira Free Zonedirect users. On March 4, 2016, the lands pertaining to Cartisur were assigned to CNSA. • CNSA also leases approximately 400 square meters of space at Paraguay 2141, Montevideo, Uruguay, pursuant to a lease that expires in November2020. • Compania Naviera Horamar S.A. leases approximately 409 square meters at Cepeda 429 Street, San Nicolás, Buenos Aires, Argentina, pursuant to alease agreement that expires in November 2017. • Petrolera San Antonio S.A. leases approximately 10,481 square meters of a land and a small warehouse next to the river Paraguay at San Miguel districtof Asunción over the way to the Club Mbigua, pursuant to a lease agreement that expires in June 2018. • Compania Naviera Horamar S.A. leases a piece of land called “La Misteriosa” in an Island in the Province of Entre Rios, Argentina, Department ofIslands of Ibicuy and Paranacito, pursuant to a lease agreement that expires in May 2018. • Compania Naviera Horamar S.A. leases approximately 1,370 square meters of office space at Av. Juana Manso 205, Buenos Aires, Argentina, pursuantto a lease agreement that expires in June 2017. • Merco Par S.A.C.I. leases approximately 655 square meters of office space at Avenida Aviadores del Chaco No 1.669 corner San Martín, Asuncion,Paraguay, pursuant to a lease agreement that expires in November 2018. 64 Table of Contents • Merco Par S.A.C.I. leases some premises alongside the River Paraguay from Relámpago Servicios Import Export S.A. for docking purposes. Thisproperty has 380 meters of costal line, by 40 meters of front on the Paraguay River in Bañado Norte, Municipality of Blanco Cue, Asunción District, inParaguay. The lease is valid until July 2018 and it is automatically renewable for two years. • Petrolera San Antonio S.A: leases some premises alongside the Paraguay River from Ingeniería Naval Especializada S.R.L. (INAVE), located on BlancoCué. The lease is valid until June 2018.CNSA owns premises in Montevideo, Uruguay. This space is approximately 112 square meters and is located at Juan Carlos Gomez 1445, Oficina 701,Montevideo 1100, Uruguay.Petrolera San Antonio S.A. owns the premises from which it operates in Avenida San Antonio, Paraguay. This space is approximately 146,744 square metersand is located between Avenida San Antonio and Virgen de Caacupe, San Antonio, Paraguay.Compania Naviera Horamar S.A. owns two storehouses located at 880 Calle California, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina and at 791/795 CalleGeneral Daniel Cerri, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina of approximately 259 and 825 square meters, respectively. Compania Naviera HoramarS.A. also owns approximately 1,208 square meters of office space located in 846 Avenida Santa Fe, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.Petrovia Internacional S.A. owns three plots of land in Nueva Palmira, Uruguay, two of approximately 29 acres each and one of 23 acres.C. Organizational structureNavios Holdings and/or its subsidiaries maintain offices in Monaco, Piraeus, Greece, Antwerp, Belgium, New York and Singapore.Navios Holdings’ corporate structure is functionally organized: commercial ship management and risk management are conducted through NaviosCorporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, while the operation and technical management of Navios Holdings’ owned vessels are conducted throughwholly-owned subsidiaries of Navios Holdings. Navios Logistics maintains offices in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Asuncion, Paraguay, Montevideo, Uruguayand Corumba, Brazil. Navios Logistics conducts the commercial and technical management of its vessels, barges and pushboats through its wholly-ownedsubsidiaries. Navios Logistics also owns the Nueva Palmira port and transfer facility indirectly through its Uruguayan subsidiary, CNSA, and the San Antonioport facility through its Paraguayan subsidiary, Petrolera San Antonio S.A.As of December 31, 2016, all subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements are 100% owned, except for Navios Logisticsand its subsidiaries, which is 63.8% owned by Navios Holdings. 65 Table of ContentsThe table below sets forth Navios Holdings’ corporate structure as of December 31, 2016.Subsidiaries included in the consolidation: Ownership Country of Statement of OperationsCompany Name Nature Interest Incorporation 2016 2015 2014Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. Holding Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Corporation Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios International Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navimax Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Handybulk Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Hestia Shipping Ltd. Operating Company 100% Malta 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Anemos Maritime Holdings Inc. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Shipmanagement Inc. Management Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31NAV Holdings Limited Sub-Holding Company 100% Malta 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Kleimar N.V. Operating Company/Vessel Owning Company/Management Company 100% Belgium 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Kleimar Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Bulkinvest S.A. Operating Company 100% Luxembourg 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Primavera Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Ginger Services Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Aquis Marine Corp. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Tankers Management Inc. Management Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Astra Maritime Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Achilles Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Apollon Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Herakles Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Hios Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Ionian Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Kypros Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Meridian Shipping Enterprises Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Mercator Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Arc Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Horizon Shipping Enterprises Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Magellan Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Aegean Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Star Maritime Enterprises Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Corsair Shipping Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Rowboat Marine Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Beaufiks Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Nostos Shipmanagement Corp. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Portorosa Marine Corp. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Shikhar Ventures S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% Liberia 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Sizzling Ventures Inc. Operating Company 100% Liberia 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Rheia Associates Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Taharqa Spirit Corp. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Rumer Holding Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Pharos Navigation S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Pueblo Holdings Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Quena Shipmanagement Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Aramis Navigation Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31White Narcissus Marine S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% Panama 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios GP L.L.C. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Red Rose Shipping Corp. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Highbird Management Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Ducale Marine Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Vector Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Faith Marine Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Liberia 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Maritime Finance (US) Inc. Operating Company 100% Delaware 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. Operating Company 100% Delaware 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Tulsi Shipmanagement Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Cinthara Shipping Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Rawlin Services Company Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Mauve International S.A. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Serenity Shipping Enterprises Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Mandora Shipping Ltd Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Solange Shipping Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Diesis Ship Management Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Holdings Europe Finance Inc. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Asia LLC Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 – 12/31 1/1 – 12/31 5/19 – 12/31 Iris Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 – 12/31 1/1 – 12/31 5/19 – 12/31Jasmine Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 – 12/31 1/1 – 12/31 5/19 – 12/31Emery Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 – 12/31 6/4 - 12/31Lavender Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 – 12/31 11/24 - 12/31Esmeralda Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/12 - 12/31 — —Triangle Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/12 - 12/31 — —Roselite Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/12 - 12/31 10/9 – 12/31 —Smaltite Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/12 - 12/31 10/9 – 12/31 —Motiva Trading Ltd Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 11/2 - 12/31 — — 66 Table of ContentsAffiliates included in the financial statements accounted for under the equity method:In the consolidated financial statements of Navios Holdings, the following entities are included as affiliates and are accounted for underthe equity method for such periods: (i) Navios Partners and its subsidiaries (ownership interest as of December 31, 2016 was 20.0%, which includes a 2.0%general partner interest); (ii) Navios Acquisition and its subsidiaries (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 46.1%,); (iii) Acropolis (economicinterest as of December 31, 2016 was 35.0%); (iv) Navios Europe I and its subsidiaries (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 47.5%); and NaviosEurope II and its subsidiaries (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 47.5%).D. Property, plants and equipmentOur only material property is the owned vessels, tanker vessels, barges and pushboats and the port terminal facilities in Paraguay andUruguay. See “Item 4.B Business Overview” above.Item 4A. Unresolved Staff CommentsNone.Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsThe following is a discussion of Navios Holdings’ financial condition and results of operations for each of the fiscal years endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Navios Holdings’ financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted AccountingPrinciples in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). You should read this section together with the consolidated financial statements and theaccompanying notes to those financial statements, which are included in this document.This report contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Reform Act of1995. These forward-looking statements are based on Navios Holdings’ current expectations and observations. Included among the factors that, in our view,could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this report are those discussed under “Risk Factors” and“Forward-Looking Statements”.OverviewNavios Holdings is a global, vertically integrated seaborne shipping and logistics company focused on the transport and transshipmentof dry bulk commodities, including iron ore, coal and grain. Navios Holdings technically and commercially manages its owned fleet, Navios Acquisition’sfleet, Navios Partners’ fleet, Navios Midstream’s fleet, Navios Europe I’s fleet and Navios Europe II’s fleet, and commercially manages its chartered-in fleet.On February 2, 2007, Navios Holdings acquired all of the outstanding share capital of Kleimar N.V. (“Kleimar”). Kleimar is a Belgianmaritime transportation company established in 1993. Kleimar is the owner and operator of Capesize, Panamax and Handymax vessels used in thetransportation of cargoes and has an extensive COA business.Navios Logistics, a consolidated subsidiary of Navios Holdings, is one of the largest logistics companies in the Hidrovia region riversystem, the main navigable river system in the region, and on the cabotage trades along the eastern coast of South America, serving its customers in theHidrovia region through two port storage and transfer facilities, one for agricultural, forest and mineral-related exports and the other for refined petroleumproducts. Navios Logistics complements its two port terminals with a diverse fleet of 339 barges and pushboats (including three pushboats to be delivered)and eight vessels, including six oceangoing tankers, one bunker vessel and one river and estuary tanker to be delivered which operate in its cabotagebusiness. Navios Holdings currently owns 63.8% of Navios Logistics.On August 7, 2007, Navios Holdings formed Navios Partners under the laws of Marshall Islands. Navios G.P. L.L.C. (“General Partner”), awholly-owned subsidiary of Navios Holdings, was also formed on that date to act as the general partner of Navios Partners and received a 2.0% generalpartner interest in Navios Partners. Navios Partners is an affiliate and not consolidated under Navios Holdings.On May 28, 2010, Navios Holdings acquired control over Navios Acquisition. As a result, Navios Holdings concluded a businesscombination had occurred and consolidated the results of Navios Acquisition from that date until March 30, 2011. From March 30, 2011, Navios Acquisitionhas been considered as an affiliate entity of Navios Holdings. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings’ ownership of the outstanding voting stock ofNavios Acquisition was 43.4% and its economic interest in Navios Acquisition was 46.1%. 67 Table of ContentsIn May 2013, Navios Holdings formed Navios Asia LLC (“Navios Asia”) in partnership with a third party and owned 51.0% of NaviosAsia and its wholly owned subsidiaries. In May 2014, Navios Holdings became the sole shareholder of Navios Asia by acquiring the remaining 49.0%.On October 9, 2013, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe I and have economic interestsof 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively. Effective November 2014, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners have voting interest of 50%,50% and 0%, respectively.On October 13, 2014, Navios Acquisition formed Navios Midstream under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Midstream General Partner, awholly-owned subsidiary of Navios Acquisition, was also formed on that date to act as the general partner of Navios Midstream and received a 2.0% generalpartner interest in Navios Midstream. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Acquisition had 59.9% economic interest and Navios Holdings had indirecteconomic interest of 27.6% (through its ownership in Navios Acquisition) and no direct equity interest.On February 18, 2015, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe II and have economic interests of47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively and voting interests of 50%, 50% and 0%, respectively.Charter Policy and Industry OutlookNavios Holdings’ policy has been to take a portfolio approach to managing operating risks. This policy may lead Navios Holdings totime charter-out many of the vessels that it is operating (i.e., vessels owned by Navios Holdings or which Navios Holdings has taken into its fleet undercharters having a duration of more than 12 months) for long-term periods to various shipping industry counterparties considered by Navios Holdings to haveappropriate credit profiles. By doing this, Navios Holdings aims to lock in, subject to credit and operating risks, favorable forward revenue and cash flowswhich it believes will cushion it against unfavorable market conditions, when the Company deems necessary. In addition, Navios Holdings trades additionalvessels taken in on shorter term charters of less than 12 months duration as well as voyage charters or COAs and FFAs.Generally, this chartering policy had the effect of generating Time Charter Equivalents (“TCE”) that were higher than spot employment.The average daily charter-in vessel cost for the Navios Holdings long-term charter-in fleet (excluding vessels, which are utilized to serve voyage charters orCOAs) was $11,630 per day for the year ended December 31, 2016. The average long-term charter-in hire rate per vessel was included in the amount of long-term hire included elsewhere in this document and was computed by (a) multiplying (i) the daily charter-in rate for each vessel by (ii) the number of days eachvessel is in operation for the year; (b) summing those individual multiplications; and (c) dividing such total by the total number of charter-in vessel days forthe year. These rates exclude gains and losses from FFAs. Furthermore, Navios Holdings has the ability to increase its owned fleet through purchase optionsexercisable in the future at favorable prices relative to the then-current market.Navios Holdings believes that a decrease in global commodity demand from its current level, and the delivery of dry bulk carrier newbuildings into the world fleet, could have an adverse impact on future revenue and profitability. However, Navios Holdings believes that the operating costadvantage of its owned vessels and long-term chartered fleet will continue to help mitigate the impact of any declines in freight rates. A reduced freight rateenvironment also has an adverse impact on the value of Navios Holdings’ owned fleet. In reaction to a decline in freight rates, available ship financing canalso be negatively impacted.Navios Logistics owns and operates vessels, barges and pushboats located mainly in Argentina, the largest independent bulk transfer andstorage port facility in Uruguay, and an upriver liquid port facility located in Paraguay. Operating results for Navios Logistics are highly correlated to:(i) South American grain production and export, in particular Argentinean, Brazilian, Paraguayan, Uruguayan and Bolivian production and export; (ii) SouthAmerican iron ore production and export, mainly from Brazil; and (iii) sales (and logistic services) of petroleum products in the Argentine and Paraguayanmarkets. Navios Holdings believes that the continuing development of these businesses will foster throughput growth and therefore increase revenues atNavios Logistics. Should this development be delayed, grain harvests be reduced, or the market experience an overall decrease in the demand for grain oriron ore, the operations in Navios Logistics could be adversely affected. 68 Table of ContentsFleetThe following is the current “core fleet” employment profile (excluding Navios Logistics). The current “core fleet” consists of 66operating vessels totaling 6.7 million deadweight tons and has an average age of 8.0 years. The employment profile of the fleet as of April 3, 2017 is reflectedin the tables below. Navios Holdings has currently fixed 28.3% excluding index-linked charters of available days for the next nine months of 2017 of its fleet(excluding vessels which are utilized to fulfill COAs). Although the fees as presented below are based on contractual charter rates, any contract is subject toperformance by the counterparties and us. Additionally, the level of these fees would decrease depending on the vessels’ off-hire days to perform periodicmaintenance.Owned Vessels Vessels Type Built DWT Charter-outRate (1) Profit Share ExpirationDate (2) Navios Serenity Handysize 2011 34,690 7,125 No 07/2017 Navios Ionian (13) Ultra Handymax 2000 52,067 6,650 No 08/2017 Navios Horizon Ultra Handymax 2001 50,346 5,700 No 04/2017 Navios Herakles Ultra Handymax 2001 52,061 9,025 No 09/2017 Navios Achilles Ultra Handymax 2001 52,063 7,410 No 08/2017 Navios Vector Ultra Handymax 2002 50,296 8,550 No 08/2017 Navios Meridian Ultra Handymax 2002 50,316 8,788 No 04/2017 Navios Mercator Ultra Handymax 2002 53,553 4,750 No 05/2017 Navios Arc Ultra Handymax 2003 53,514 7,268 No 07/2017 Navios Hios Ultra Handymax 2003 55,180 — Pool earnings + 4% 05/2017 Navios Kypros Ultra Handymax 2003 55,222 — Pool earnings + 4% 05/2017 Navios Astra Ultra Handymax 2006 53,468 6,650 No 07/2017 Navios Ulysses Ultra Handymax 2007 55,728 — Pool earnings + 4% 05/2017 Navios Celestial Ultra Handymax 2009 58,063 11,400 No 08/2017 Navios Vega Ultra Handymax 2009 58,792 — Pool earnings + 7% 05/2017 Navios Magellan Panamax 2000 74,333 6,650 No 11/2017 Navios Star Panamax 2002 76,662 7,952— No100% of average Panamax Index4TC Routes less $2,488/day 06/201712/2018 Navios Northern Star Panamax 2005 75,395 5,510 No 04/2017 Navios Amitie Panamax 2005 75,395 7,567— No100% of average Panamax Index4TC Routes less $2,488/day 06/201712/2018 Navios Taurus Panamax 2005 76,596 9,690 No 11/2017 Navios Asteriks Panamax 2005 76,801 4,054— No100% of average Panamax Index4TC Routes less $2,488/day 06/201711/2018 N Amalthia Panamax 2006 75,318 6,364— No100% of average Panamax Index4TC Routes less $2,488/day 06/201712/2018 Navios Galileo Panamax 2006 76,596 7,086— No100% of average Panamax Index4TC Routes less $2,488/day 06/201712/2018 N Bonanza Panamax 2006 76,596 4,054— No100% of average Panamax Index4TC Routes less $2,488/day 06/201711/2018 Navios Avior Panamax 2012 81,355 7,838 No 07/2017 Navios Centaurus Panamax 2012 81,472 6,406— No110% of average Panamax Index4TC Routes less adjustment to be based onindex formula 04/201712/2018 Navios Sphera Panamax 2016 84,872 7,715— No123% of average Panamax Index4TC Routes less adjustment to be based onindex formula 04/201701/2019 Navios Stellar Capesize 2009 169,001 — $9,480 adjusted for 50% Pool Earnings orWeighted Average Baltic Capesize 5TCIndex Routes 10/2017 Navios Bonavis Capesize 2009 180,022 15,540— No106.5% Weighted AverageBaltic Capesize 5TC Index Routes, withminimum floor rate $4,500 04/201701/2018 Navios Happiness Capesize 2009 180,022 12,350— No106% Weighted AverageBaltic Capesize 5TC Index Routes 04/201704/2018 69 Table of ContentsVessels Type Built DWT Charter-outRate (1) Profit Share ExpirationDate (2) Navios Phoenix Capesize 2009 180,242 — $9,480 adjusted for 50% Pool Earnings orWeighted Average Baltic Capesize 5TCIndex Routes 08/2017 Navios Lumen Capesize 2009 180,661 5,083— No108% Weighted AverageBaltic Capesize 5TC Index Routes 04/201703/2018 Navios Antares Capesize 2010 169,059 — 98.25% Weighted Average Baltic CapesizeC5 Index Routes 07/2017 Navios Etoile Capesize 2010 179,234 9,025 No 01/2018 Navios Bonheur Capesize 2010 179,259 — 98.25% Weighted Average Baltic CapesizeC5 Index Routes 07/2017 Navios Altamira Capesize 2011 179,165 — $9,480 adjusted for 50% Pool Earnings orWeighted Average Baltic Capesize 5TCIndex Routes 09/2017 Navios Azimuth Capesize 2011 179,169 5,083 No 04/2017 Navios Ray Capesize 2012 179,515 12,615— No$4,500 + 52% Weighted Average BalticCapesize 5TC Index Routes 04/201702/2018 Navios Gem Capesize 2014 181,336 16,947— No120% Weighted AverageBaltic Capesize 5TC Index Routes 04/201704/2018 Navios Mars Capesize 2016 181,259 — $11,455 adjusted for 50% Pool Earnings orWeighted Average Baltic Capesize 5TCIndex Routes 10/2017 70 Table of ContentsLong-term Chartered-in VesselsThe average daily charter-in rate for the active long-term charter-in vessels (excluding vessels which are utilized to fulfil COAs) for thenext nine months of 2017 is estimated at $12,471/day. We estimate the days of the long-term charter-in vessels (excluding vessels which are utilized to fulfilCOAs) for the next nine months of 2017 are 6,600 days. Vessels Type Built DWT PurchaseOption (3) Charter-outRate (1) ExpirationDate (2) Navios Lyra Handysize 2012 34,718 Yes(4) 6,175 05/2017 Navios Primavera Ultra Handymax 2007 53,464 Yes 8,788 04/2017 Mercury Ocean Ultra Handymax 2008 53,452 No 7,600 08/2017 Kouju Lily Ultra Handymax 2011 58,872 No 8,550 08/2017 Navios Oriana Ultra Handymax 2012 61,442 Yes — (5) 03/2018 Navios Mercury Ultra Handymax 2013 61,393 Yes — (6) 05/2017 Navios Venus Ultra Handymax 2015 61,339 Yes 10,588— (5) 06/201703/2018 Osmarine Panamax 2006 76,000 No 7,125 07/2017 Navios Aldebaran Panamax 2008 76,500 Yes 6,508 04/2017 KM Imabari Panamax 2009 76,619 No 8,313 10/2017 Navios Marco Polo Panamax 2011 80,647 Yes — (7) 09/2018 Navios Southern Star Panamax 2013 82,224 Yes 10,093— (8) 04/201702/2018 Sea Victory Panamax 2014 77,095 Yes 4,957— (9) 06/201711/2018 Navios Amber Panamax 2015 80,994 Yes 7,390— (11) 04/201701/2019 Navios Sky Panamax 2015 82,056 Yes 7,403— (10) 04/201703/2019 Navios Coral Panamax 2016 84,904 Yes 10,670— (14) 06/201701/2018 Navios Citrine Panamax 2017 81,626 Yes 7,600 06/2017 Navios Dolphin Panamax 2017 81,630 Yes 7,600 06/2017 Equator Prosper Capesize 2000 170,000 No 7,600 05/2017 Pacific Explorer Capesize 2007 177,000 No 11,500— (15) 04/201701/2018 King Ore Capesize 2010 176,800 Yes — Navios Koyo Capesize 2011 181,415 Yes — (12) 03/2018 Navios Obeliks Capesize 2012 181,415 Yes — Dream Canary Capesize 2015 180,528 Yes 9,975 12/2017 Dream Coral Capesize 2015 181,249 Yes 12,350 02/2018 Navios Felix Capesize 2016 181,221 Yes — (16) 11/2017 (1)Daily rate net of commissions.(2)Expected redelivery basis midpoint of full redelivery period.(3)Generally, Navios Holdings may exercise its purchase option after three to five years of service.(4)Navios Holdings holds the initial 50% purchase option on the vessel.(5)110% of average Baltic Supramax 52 Index Routes.(6)Based on Pool Earnings + 18%.(7)113% of average Baltic Panamax Index 4TC Routes less adjustment to be based on index formula.(8)115% of average Baltic Panamax Index 4TC Routes.(9)114% of average Baltic Panamax Index 4TC Routes less $2,488/day.(10)115% of average Baltic Panamax Index 4TC Routes less adjustment to be based on index formula.(11)120% of average Baltic Panamax Index 4TC Routes less adjustment to be based on index formula.(12)115% of average Baltic Capesize Index 5TC Routes.(13)Agreed to be sold.(14)120.5% of average Baltic Panamax Index 4TC Routes.(15)$5,000 + 53% of weighted average Baltic Capesize Index 5TC Routes.(16)120% of weighted average Baltic Capesize Index 5TC Routes.Recent DevelopmentsOn December 20, 2016, a London arbitration tribunal ruled that the Vale port contract remains in full force and effect. If Vale were tofurther repudiate or renounce the contract, Navios Logistics may elect to terminate the contract and then would be entitled to damages calculated byreference to guaranteed volumes and agreed tariffs for the remaining period of the contract.On February 10, 2017, a New York arbitration tribunal ruled in favor of Navios Logistics on a dispute with Vale regarding thetermination date of a COA contract. Vale has been ordered to pay Navios Logistics $21.5 million, compensating for all unpaid invoices, late payment ofinvoices, and legal fees incurred. The full amount was received in March 2017.On February 21, 2017, Navios Holdings agreed to transfer to Navios Partners its participation in Navios Revolving Loans I and Navios Term Loans I, both relating to Navios Europe I for a consideration of $4.05 million in cash and 13,076,923 newly issued common units of Navios Partners.Concurrently, Navios Holdings acquired 266,876 common units in Navios Partners in order to maintain its 2% general partner interest for a cashconsideration of $0.5 million. The transactions closed on March 17, 2017.In February 2017, two self-propelled barges of Navios Logistics’ fleet, Formosa and San Lorenzo, were sold for a total amount of$1.1 million to be paid in cash. Sale price will be received in installments through 2023. 71 Table of ContentsOn March 16, 2017, Navios Holdings agreed to sell to an unrelated third party the “Navios Ionian”, a 2000 built Japanese dry bulk vesselof 52,067 dwt, for a total net sale price of $5.3 million to be paid in cash, with delivery expected in August 2017.On March 20, 2017, Navios Partners announced that it has closed an offering of 47,795,000 common units at $2.10 per common unit,raising approximately $100.0 million of gross proceeds. Navios Holdings acquired 975,408 common units in Navios Partners in order to maintain its 2%general partner interest for a cash consideration of $2.0 million.On March 21, 2017, Navios Holdings announced that it commenced an offer to exchange newly issued shares of the Company’s commonstock for any and all outstanding American Depositary Shares, each representing 1/100th of a share of either Series G or Series H. For every Series Gsurrendered, the Company offered 8.25 shares of common stock, with a value of $14.61 (as of March 20, 2017) and for Series H surrendered, the Companyoffered 8.11 shares of common stock, with a value of $14.36 (as of March 20, 2017). On April 19, 2017, Navios Holdings announced the completion of theexchange offer. A total of 766 Series G and Series H were validly tendered, representing an aggregate nominal value of approximately $1.9 million. NaviosHoldings issued a total of 625,815 shares of common stock.Navios Logistics has signed a shipbuilding contract for the construction of a river and estuary tanker for a total consideration of€12.4 million ($13.1 million). Pursuant to this acquisition, Navios Logistics has secured a credit from the shipbuilder to finance of up to 50% of the purchaseprice, with a maximum of €6.2 million ($6.5 million), to be repaid in 24 equal monthly installments after delivery of the vessel, plus 6.75% interest perannum. The vessel is expected to be delivered in the first quarter of 2018.On March 30, 2017, Navios Logistics inaugurated its newly completed iron ore transshipment and storage facility in the Nueva PalmiraFree Zone, Uruguay.The Company has revised its previously announced financial results for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed in this Annual Report,by a $228.0 million impairment loss relating to its equity investments in Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners, and wrote down these equity investmentsto their closing trading price as of December 31, 2016 which was $1.70 and $1.41, respectively, according to the corresponding accounting guidance andbelow their current trading levels, of $1.72 and $2.08 as of April 24, 2017, respectively. Over the past couple of months until the date of this filing, theCompany’s equity investments in Navios Partners and Navios Acquisition have continued to be negatively affected by low stock prices compared to theircarrying values. Despite the overall positive shipping market sentiment that led Navios Partners to a Term Loan B $405.0 million refinancing and an equityraising of $100.0 million during the first quarter of 2017 as well as positive year end 2016 results for Navios Acquisition, these companies’ stock tradingprices failed to reflect these positive developments, thereby leading Navios Holdings to an impairment loss. As a consequence, the Company has reassessedthe carrying value of its equity investments in these two publicly-traded companies as part of its filing of its Annual Report and recorded a total loss of$228.0 million of which $144.4 million relate to Navios Acquisition and $83.6 million relate to Navios Partners. This impairment loss in investment inaffiliates is a non-recurring item on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) / income for the year ended December 31, 2016, withoutimpacting the Company’s cash or liquidity.Dividend PolicyIn November 2015, due to the prolonged weakness in the dry bulk industry, Navios Holdings announced that the Board of Directorsdecided to suspend the quarterly dividend to its common stockholders in order to conserve cash and improve its liquidity. In February 2016, in furtherance ofits efforts to reduce its cash requirements, Navios Holdings announced the suspension of payment of quarterly dividends on its preferred stock, including theSeries G and Series H, until market conditions improve. The Board of Directors and Navios Holdings’ management believe such a decision is in the best long-term interests of the Company and its stakeholders. The Board of Directors will reassess the Company’s distribution policy as the environment changes. Thereinstatement, declaration and payment of any further dividend remains subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, among otherthings, market conditions, Navios Holdings’ cash requirements after taking into account market opportunities, restrictions under its equity instruments, creditagreements, indentures and other debt obligations and such other factors as the Board may deem advisable.Navios AcquisitionOn March 14, 2017, Navios Holdings received $3.6 million from Navios Acquisition representing the cash dividend for the fourthquarter of 2016.A. Operating ResultsFactors Affecting Navios Holdings’ Results of Operations:Navios Holdings actively manages the risk in its operations by: (i) operating the vessels in its fleet in accordance with all applicableinternational standards of safety and technical ship management; (ii) enhancing vessel utilization and profitability through an appropriate mix of long-termcharters complemented by spot charters (time charters for short-term employment) and COAs; (iii) monitoring the financial impact of corporate exposure fromboth physical and FFAs transactions; (iv) monitoring market and counterparty credit risk limits; (v) adhering to risk management and operation policies andprocedures; and (vi) requiring counterparty credit approvals.Navios Holdings believes that the important measures for analyzing trends in its results of operations include the following: • Market Exposure: Navios Holdings manages the size and composition of its fleet by seeking a mix between chartering and owning vessels inorder to adjust to anticipated changes in market rates. Navios Holdings aims to achieve an appropriate balance between owned vessels and longand short-term chartered-in vessels and controls approximately 6.7 million dwt in dry bulk tonnage. Navios Holdings’ options to extend thecharter duration of vessels it has under long-term time charter (durations of over 12 months) and its purchase options on chartered vessels permitNavios Holdings to adjust the cost and the fleet size to correspond to market conditions. • Available days: Available days are the total number of days a vessel is controlled by a company less the aggregate number of days that the vesselis off-hire due to scheduled repairs or repairs under guarantee, vessel upgrades or special surveys. The shipping industry uses available days tomeasure the number of days in a period during which vessels should be capable of generating revenues. 72 Table of Contents • Operating days: Operating days are the number of available days in a period less the aggregate number of days that the vessels are off-hire due toany reason, including lack of demand or unforeseen circumstances. The shipping industry uses operating days to measure the aggregate numberof days in a period during which vessels actually generate revenues. • Fleet utilization: Fleet utilization is obtained by dividing the number of operating days during a period by the number of available days duringthe period. The shipping industry uses fleet utilization to measure a company’s efficiency in finding suitable employment for its vessels andminimizing the amount of days that its vessels are off-hire for reasons other than scheduled repairs or repairs under guarantee, vessel upgrades,special surveys or vessel positioning. • TCE rates: TCE rates are defined as voyage and time charter revenues less voyage expenses during a period divided by the number of availabledays during the period. The TCE rate is a standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare daily earnings generated byvessels on time charters with daily earnings generated by vessels on voyage charters, because charter hire rates for vessels on voyage charters aregenerally not expressed in per day amounts, while charter hire rates for vessels on time charters generally are expressed in such amounts. • Equivalent vessels: Equivalent vessels are defined as the available days of the fleet divided by the number of the calendar days in the period.Voyage and Time CharterRevenues are driven primarily by the number and type of vessels in the fleet, the number of days during which such vessels operate andthe amount of daily charter hire rates that the vessels earn under charters, which, in turn, are affected by a number of factors, including: • the duration of the charters; • the level of spot market rates at the time of charters; • decisions relating to vessel acquisitions and disposals; • the amount of time spent positioning vessels; • the amount of time that vessels spend in drydock undergoing repairs and upgrades; • the age, condition and specifications of the vessels; and • the aggregate level of supply and demand in the dry bulk shipping industry.Time charters are available for varying periods, ranging from a single trip (spot charter) to a long-term period which may be many years.Under a time charter, owners assume no risk for finding business and obtaining and paying for fuel or other expenses related to the voyage, such as port entryfees. In general, a long-term time charter assures the vessel owner of a consistent stream of revenue. Operating the vessel in the spot market affords the ownergreater spot market opportunity, which may result in high rates when vessels are in high demand or low rates when vessel availability exceeds demand.Vessel charter rates are affected by world economics, international events, weather conditions, labor strikes, governmental policies, supply and demand, andmany other factors that might be beyond the control of management.Consistent with industry practice, Navios Holdings uses TCE rates, as a method of analyzing fluctuations between financial periods andas a method of equating revenue generated from a voyage charter to time charter revenue.TCE rate also serves as an industry standard for measuring revenue and comparing results between geographical regions and amongcompetitors.The cost to maintain and operate a vessel increases with the age of the vessel. Older vessels are less fuel efficient, cost more to insure andrequire upgrades from time to time to comply with new regulations. The average age of Navios Holdings’ owned core fleet is 8.0 years. However, as such fleetages or if Navios Holdings expands its fleet by acquiring previously owned and older vessels, the cost per vessel would be expected to rise and, assuming allelse, including rates, remains constant, vessel profitability would be expected to decrease.Spot Charters, COAs and FFAsNavios Holdings enhances vessel utilization and profitability through a mix of voyage charters, short-term charter-out contracts, COAsand strategic cargo contracts. 73 Table of ContentsNavios Holdings may enter into dry bulk shipping FFAs as economic hedges relating to identifiable ship and/or cargo positions or aseconomic hedges of transactions the Company expects to carry out in the normal course of its shipping business. By utilizing certain derivative instruments,including dry bulk shipping FFAs, the Company manages the financial risk associated with fluctuating market conditions. In entering into these contracts,the Company has assumed the risks relating to the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts.FFAs cover periods generally ranging from one month to one year and are based on time charter rates or freight rates on specific quotedroutes. FFAs are executed either over-the-counter, between two parties, or through LCH, the London clearing house. FFAs are settled in cash monthly basedon publicly quoted indices. No over-the-counter trades have been executed since 2012. LCH calls for both base and margin collaterals, which are funded byNavios Holdings, and which in turn substantially eliminates counterparty risk. Certain portions of these collateral funds may be restricted at any given timeas determined by LCH. At the end of each calendar quarter, the fair value of dry bulk shipping FFAs traded over-the-counter are determined from an indexpublished in London, United Kingdom and the fair value of those FFAs traded with LCH are determined from the LCH valuations accordingly. NaviosHoldings has implemented specific procedures designed to respond to credit risk associated with over-the-counter trades, including the establishment of a listof approved counterparties and a credit committee which meets regularly.Statement of Operations Breakdown by SegmentNavios Holdings reports financial information and evaluates its operations by charter revenues and not by vessel type, length of shipemployment, customers or type of charter. Navios Holdings does not use discrete financial information to evaluate the operating results for each such type ofcharter. Although revenue can be identified for each type of charters, management does not identify expenses, profitability or other financial information on acharter-by-charter or type of charter basis. The reportable segments reflect the internal organization of the Company and are strategic businesses that offerdifferent products and services. The Company currently has two reportable segments: the Dry bulk Vessel Operations and the Logistics Business. The Drybulk Vessel Operations segment consists of the transportation and handling of bulk cargoes through the ownership, operation, and trading of vessels, freight,and FFAs. The Logistics Business segment consists of port terminal business, barge business and cabotage business in the Hidrovia region of South America.Navios Holdings measures segment performance based on net income attributable to Navios Holdings’ common stockholders.For further segment information, please see Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. 74 Table of ContentsPeriod over Period ComparisonsFor the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015The following table presents consolidated revenue and expense information for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively. This information was derived from the audited consolidated revenue and expense accounts of Navios Holdings for each of the years endedDecember 31, 2016 and 2015. (In thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Revenue $419,782 $480,820 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates 21,799 16,177 Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses (175,072) (247,882) Direct vessel expenses (127,396) (128,168) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates (21,799) (16,177) General and administrative expenses (25,295) (34,183) Depreciation and amortization (113,825) (120,310) Provision for losses on accounts receivable (1,304) (59) Interest income 4,947 2,370 Interest expense and finance cost (113,639) (113,151) Gain on bond and debt extinguishment 29,187 — Other income 18,175 4,840 Other expense (11,665) (34,982) Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliated companies $(96,105) $(190,705) Equity/(loss) in net earnings of affiliated companies (202,779) 61,484 Loss before taxes $(298,884) $(129,221) Income tax (expense)/ benefit (1,265) 3,154 Net loss $(300,149) $(126,067) Less: Net (income)/loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest (3,674) (8,045) Net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(303,823) $(134,112) Set forth below are selected historical and statistical data for the dry bulk vessel operations segment for each of the years endedDecember 31, 2016 and 2015 that the Company believes may be useful in better understanding the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Year EndedDecember 31, 2016 2015 FLEET DATA Available days 21,908 23,787 Operating days 21,742 23,453 Fleet utilization 99.2% 98.6% Equivalent vessels 60 65 AVERAGE DAILY RESULTS TCE $8,220 $7,846 During the year ended December 31, 2016, there were 1,879 less available days as compared to 2015, due to a decrease in charter-in fleetavailable days by 2,895 days. This decrease was partially mitigated an increase in owned vessels available days by 1,016 days, mainly due to the delivery ofNavios Sphera and Navios Mars in the first quarter of 2016. Navios Holdings can increase or decrease its fleet’s size by chartering-in vessels for long or short-term periods (less than one year).The average TCE rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $8,220 per day, $374 per day higher than the rate achieved in 2015.This was due primarily to decreased voyage expenses in 2016 as compared to 2015, partially mitigated by the decline in the freight market during 2016 ascompared to 2015.Revenue: Revenue from dry bulk vessel operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $199.5 million as compared to$229.8 million for the same period during 2015. The decrease in dry bulk revenue was mainly (i) a decrease in available days of our fleet by 1,879 days,mainly due to a decrease in short-term charter-in fleet available days; and (ii) the decrease in the freight market.Revenue from the logistics business was $220.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to $251.0 million for theyear ended December 31, 2015. The decrease of $30.7 million was mainly attributable to (i) a $10.7 million decrease in the cabotage business mainlyattributable to a decrease in the available days of the cabotage fleet; (ii) a $9.2 million decrease in sales of products attributable to the decreased volume andsale price of the products sold at the Paraguayan liquid port terminal; (iii) a $6.1 million decrease in the port terminal business mainly attributable to adecrease in products transported at the dry port terminal; and (iv) a $4.7 million decrease in the barge business. 75 Table of ContentsAdministrative Fee Revenue from Affiliates: Administrative fee revenue from affiliates increased by $5.6 million, or 34.8%, to$21.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. See general and administrativeexpenses incurred on behalf of affiliates and general and administrative expenses discussion below.Time Charter, Voyage and Logistics Business Expenses: Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses decreased by$72.8 million or 29.4% to $175.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $247.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.Time charter and voyage expenses from dry bulk operations decreased by $62.0 million, or 34.9%, to $115.5 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2016, as compared to $177.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. This was primarily due to (i) the decrease in charter-in days (asdiscussed above); and (i) a decrease in voyage expenses mainly relating to fuel expenses.Of the total expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, $59.6 million and $70.4 million, respectively, related to NaviosLogistics. The decrease of $10.8 million in time charter, voyage and logistics business was mainly due to (i) a $8.8 million decrease in the port terminalbusiness mainly attributable to the decline in both the volume and the price of the products sold at the liquid port terminal in Paraguay; (ii) a $1.4 milliondecrease in the barge business mainly attributable to lower prices of fuel expense; and (iii) a $0.6 million decrease in the cabotage business mainlyattributable to the decrease in the number of available days of Navios Logistics’ fleet.Direct Vessel Expenses: Direct vessel expenses decreased by $0.8 million, or 0.6%, to $127.4 million for the year ended December 31,2016, as compared to $128.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Direct vessel expenses include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine stores,lubricating oils, insurance premiums and costs for maintenance and repairs.Direct vessel expenses from dry bulk operations increased by $5.3 million, or 11.4%, to $51.4 million for the year ended December 31,2016, as compared to $46.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. This increase was mainly attributable to (i) an increase in owned vessels availabledays due to the delivery of Navios Sphera and Navios Mars in the first quarter of 2016; (ii) an increase in crew expenses; (ii) an increase in spares expenses;and (iii) an increase in sundry general expenses.Of the total amounts of direct vessel expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, $76.0 million and $82.0 million,respectively, related to the Logistics Business. The decrease of $6.0 million in direct vessel expenses was mainly due to (i) a $8.2 million decrease incabotage business mainly attributable to a decrease in the cabotage fleet’s available days and a decrease in crew costs; and (ii) a $0.4 million decrease inamortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs of the Navios Logistics’ fleet. This decrease was partially mitigated by a $2.6 million increase indirect vessel expenses of the barge business mainly attributable to increased repairs and maintenance and crew costs.General and Administrative Expenses Incurred on Behalf of Affiliates: General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf ofaffiliates increased by $5.6 million, or 34.8%, to $21.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $16.2 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2015. See general and administrative expenses discussion below.General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses of Navios Holdings are composed of the following: (in thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates $(21,799) $(16,177) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates 21,799 16,177 General and administrative expenses 25,295 34,183 (in thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Dry bulk Vessel Operations $11,001 $20,175 Logistics Business 14,294 14,008 General and administrative expenses $25,295 $34,183 76 Table of ContentsThe decrease in general and administrative expenses by $8.9 million, or 26.0%, to $25.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016,as compared to $34.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, was mainly attributable to (i) a $6.4 million decrease in payroll and other related costs;(ii) a $1.0 million decrease in professional, legal and audit fees; (iii) a $1.8 million decrease in other administrative expenses, including office expenses;partially mitigated by a $0.3 million increase attributable to the Logistics Business.Depreciation and Amortization: For the year ended December 31, 2016, depreciation and amortization decreased by $6.5 million to$113.8 million, as compared to $120.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to the net effect of (i) the increase indepreciation and amortization of dry bulk vessels by $2.9 million, mainly due to the delivery of Navios Mars and Navios Sphera in January 2016; (ii) adecrease in the amortization of favorable and unfavorable lease balances by $8.1 million, mainly attributable to the re-delivery of two vessels to theirheadowners in the fourth quarter of 2015, the re-delivery to the headowners of one vessel in the third quarter of 2016 and the subsequent write-off of theirpurchase option, favorable and unfavorable lease balances; and (iii) a decrease in depreciation and amortization of the logistics business by $1.3 million.Provision for Losses on Accounts Receivable: For the year ended December 31, 2016, provision for losses on accounts receivableincreased by $1.2 million to $1.3 million, as compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was mainly attributable to thelogistics business.Interest Income: Interest income increased by $2.5 million to $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to$2.4 million for the same period in 2015, mainly due to (i) a $1.7 million increase of interest income from Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II; (ii) a$0.6 million increase of interest income from Navios Partners under the Navios Partners Credit Facility (as defined herein); and (ii) $0.2 million increase ininterest income of the logistics business, mainly due to higher income from short-term deposits.Interest Expense and Finance Cost: Interest expense and finance cost for the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by $0.4 million,or 0.4%, to $113.6 million, as compared to $113.2 million in the same period of 2015. This increase was due to (i) a $3.3 million increase in interest expenseand finance cost of the dry bulk vessel operations, mainly attributable to the new loans concluded during 2016 and the decrease in the amount of interestcapitalized following the delivery of Navios Mars and Navios Sphera, partially mitigated by a decrease in interest expense due to the repurchase of$58.9 million of the 2019 Notes; and (ii) a $2.9 million decrease in interest expense and finance cost of the logistics business.Gain on bond and debt extinguishment: During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company repurchased $58.9 million of the 2019Notes for a cash consideration of $30.7 million resulting in a gain on bond extinguishment of $27.7 million, net of deferred fees written-off. During October2016, the Company prepaid one of its secured credit facilities which had an outstanding balance of $15.3 million, using $13.8 million in cash, thusachieving a $1.5 million benefit to nominal value.Other Income: Other income increased by $13.4 million to $18.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to$4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was due to a $13.9 million increase in other income of dry bulk vessels operations and a$0.5 million decrease in other income of the logistics business.The increase in other income of the dry bulk vessels operations is mainly due to (i) a $14.9 million increase in other income relating tothe early redelivery of one vessel during the first quarter of 2016; and (ii) a $0.4 million increase in miscellaneous other income. This increase was partiallyoffset by a $1.4 million decrease in gains from foreign exchange differences.Other Expense: Other expense decreased by $23.3 million to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to$35.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. This decrease was due to a $19.2 million decrease in other expense of dry bulk vessels operations and a$4.1 million decrease in other expense of the logistics business.The decrease in other expense of dry bulk vessels operations is mainly due to (i) a $18.8 million expense relating to claims under theNavios Partners Guarantee (as defined below) initially recorded in 2015, (ii) a $0.1 million decrease in losses from foreign exchange differencies; and (iii) a$1.7 million decrease in other miscellaneous expenses. This decrease was partially mitigated by a $1.4 million decrease in the reclassification to earnings ofavailable-for-sale securities for an “other-than-temporary” impairment during 2016 compared to last year. The decrease in other expense of the logisticsbusiness was mainly due to a decrease in taxes other-than-income taxes.Equity/(loss) in Net Earnings of Affiliated Companies: Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies decreased by $264.3 million to$202.8 million loss for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $61.5 million income for the same period in 2015. This decrease was mainly dueto (i) a $83.6 million OTTI loss relating to its investment in Navios Partners recognised during the year ended December 31, 2016; (ii) a $144.4 million OTTIloss relating to its investment in Navios Acquisition recognised during the year ended December 31, 2016; (iii) a $35.5 million decrease in equity methodincome; and (iv) a $0.8 million decrease in amortization of deferred gain from the sale of vessels to Navios Partners (as more fully described below). The$35.5 million decrease in equity method income was mainly due to (i) a $20.7 million decrease in equity method income from Navios Partners; (ii)$13.5 million decrease in equity method income from Navios Acquisition; and (iii) a $1.3 million decrease in equity method income from Navios Europe Iand Navios Europe II. 77 Table of ContentsThe Company recognizes the gain from the sale of vessels to Navios Partners immediately in earnings only to the extent of the interest inNavios Partners owned by third parties and defers recognition of the gain to the extent of its own ownership interest in Navios Partners (see also “Item 7.B.Related Party Transactions”).Income Tax Benefit/(Expense): Income tax benefit decreased by $4.5 million to $1.3 million expense for the year ended December 31,2016, as compared to a $3.2 million benefit for the year ended December 31, 2015. The change in income tax was mainly attributable to Navios Logistics dueto the effect of the pre-tax gains of certain subsidiaries of the barge business.Net (Income)/ Loss Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interest: Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest decreased by$4.3 million to $3.7 million income for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $8.0 million for the same period in 2015. This decrease wasmainly attributable to logistics business net income for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015.For the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014The following table presents consolidated revenue and expense information for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014,respectively. This information was derived from the audited consolidated revenue and expense accounts of Navios Holdings for each of the years endedDecember 31, 2015 and 2014. (In thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Revenue $480,820 $569,016 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates 16,177 14,300 Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses (247,882) (263,304) Direct vessel expenses (128,168) (130,064) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates (16,177) (14,300) General and administrative expenses (34,183) (45,590) Depreciation and amortization (120,310) (104,690) Provision for losses on accounts receivable (59) (792) Interest income 2,370 5,515 Interest expense and finance cost (113,151) (113,660) Loss on bond and debt extinguishment — (27,281) Other income 4,840 15,639 Other expense (34,982) (24,520) Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliated companies $(190,705) $(119,731) Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies 61,484 57,751 Loss before taxes $(129,221) $(61,980) Income tax benefit /(expense) 3,154 (84) Net loss $(126,067) $(62,064) Less: Net (income)/loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest (8,045) 5,861 Net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(134,112) $(56,203) 78 Table of ContentsSet forth below are selected historical and statistical data for the dry bulk vessel operations segment for each of the years endedDecember 31, 2015 and 2014 that the Company believes may be useful in better understanding the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Year EndedDecember 31, 2015 2014 FLEET DATA Available days 23,787 21,465 Operating days 23,453 21,422 Fleet utilization 98.6% 99.8% Equivalent vessels 65 59 AVERAGE DAILY RESULTS TCE $7,846 $11,830 During the year ended December 31, 2015, there were 2,322 more available days as compared to 2014, due to (i) an increase in availabledays for owned vessels by 235 days, mainly due to the delivery of Navios Ray and Navios Gem in the fourth and second quarter of 2014, respectively; and(ii) an increase in charter-in fleet available days by 2,087 days. Navios Holdings can increase or decrease its fleet’s size by chartering-in vessels for long orshort-term periods (less than one year).The average TCE rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $7,846 per day, $3,984 per day lower than the rate achieved in 2014.This was due primarily to the decline in the freight market during 2015 as compared to 2014.Revenue: Revenue from dry bulk vessel operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $229.8 million as compared to$300.2 million for the same period during 2014. The decrease in dry bulk revenue was mainly attributable to a decrease in TCE per day by 33.7% to $7,846per day in the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $11,830 per day in the same period of 2014. This decrease was partially mitigated by a netincrease in available days of our fleet by 2,322 days as described above.Revenue from the logistics business was $251.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to $268.8 million for theyear ended December 31, 2014. The decrease of $17.8 million was mainly attributable to (i) a $18.3 million decrease in the port terminal business mainlyattributable to decreased volume and sales prices of the products sold at the Paraguayan liquid port terminal; and (ii) a $3.1 million decrease in the bargebusiness mainly attributable to decreased volume of liquid cargo transported. The overall decrease was partially mitigated by a $3.6 million increase in thecabotage business mainly attributable to an increase in the cabotage fleet’s operating days.Administrative Fee Revenue From Affiliates: Administrative fee revenue from affiliates increased by $1.9 million, or 13.1%, to$16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $14.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. See general and administrativeexpenses incurred on behalf of affiliates and general and administrative expenses discussion below.Time Charter, Voyage and Logistics Business Expenses: Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses decreased by$15.4 million or 5.9% to $247.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $263.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.Time charter and voyage expenses from dry bulk operations increased by $19.9 million, or 12.6%, to $177.5 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2015, as compared to $157.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. This was primarily due to the increase in charter-in days (asdiscussed above), partially mitigated by (i) a decrease in voyage expenses mainly relating to fuel expenses; and (ii) a decrease in loss voyages in the currentperiod.Of the total expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, $70.4 million and $105.7 million, respectively, related to NaviosLogistics. The decrease of $35.3 million in time charter, voyage and logistics business was mainly due to (i) a $20.6 million decrease in the port terminalbusiness mainly attributable to the decline in both the volume and the price of the products sold at the liquid port terminal in Paraguay; and (ii) a$15.5 million decrease in the barge business mainly attributable to lower fuel expenses due to a decrease in the number of voyages under CoA contracts. Thisoverall decrease was partially mitigated by a $0.8 million increase in the cabotage business mainly attributable to increased voyage expense.Direct Vessel Expenses: Direct vessel expenses decreased by $1.9 million, or 1.5%, to $128.2 million for the year ended December 31,2015, as compared to $130.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Direct vessel expenses include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine stores,lubricating oils, insurance premiums and costs for maintenance and repairs.Direct vessel expenses from dry bulk operations decreased by $6.0 million, or 11.3%, to $46.1 million for the year ended December 31,2015, as compared to $52.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. This decrease was mainly attributable to (i) a decrease in crew expenses; (ii) adecrease in lubricants and chemicals expenses; and (iii) a decrease in insurance expenses. 79 Table of ContentsOf the total amounts of direct vessel expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, $82.0 million and $78.0 million,respectively, related to the Logistics Business. The increase of $4.0 million in direct vessel expenses was mainly due to (i) a $1.5 million increase in theamortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs; and (ii) a $9.1 million increase in direct vessel expenses of the cabotage business mainlyattributable to the increase in the cabotage fleet’s available days and an increase in crew costs. This increase was partially mitigated by a $6.6 milliondecrease in direct vessel expenses of the barge business, mainly attributable to lower repairs and maintenance and crew costs.General and Administrative Expenses Incurred on Behalf of Affiliates: General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf ofaffiliates increased by $1.9 million, or 13.1%, to $16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $14.3 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2014. See general and administrative expenses discussion below.General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses of Navios Holdings are composed of the following: (in thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates $(16,177) $(14,300) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates 16,177 14,300 General and administrative expenses 34,183 45,590 (in thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Dry bulk Vessel Operations $20,175 $29,951 Logistics Business 14,008 14,764 Sub-total 34,183 44,715 Credit risk insurance — 875 General and administrative expenses $34,183 $45,590 The decrease in general and administrative expenses by $11.4 million, or 25.0%, to $34.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015,as compared to $45.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, was mainly attributable to (i) a $8.2 million decrease in payroll and other related costs;(ii) a $0.8 million decrease attributable to the Logistics Business; (iii) a $0.3 million decrease in professional, legal and audit fees; (iv) a $1.2 milliondecrease in other administrative expenses, including office expenses; and (v) a $0.9 million decrease in credit risk insurance fees following the termination ofthe credit default insurance policy on March 25, 2014.Depreciation and Amortization: For the year ended December 31, 2015, depreciation and amortization increased by $15.6 million to$120.3 million, as compared to $104.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to an increase in (i) depreciation andamortization of dry bulk vessels by $10.2 million mainly attributable to the net effect of the re-delivery of two vessels to their headowners in the fourthquarter of 2015, the early re-delivery of one of the aforementioned vessels from its charterer in the first quarter of 2015 and the subsequent write-off of theirpurchase option, favorable and unfavorable lease balances; (ii) the new vessel deliveries during 2014 (as discussed above) by $2.5 million; and(iii) depreciation and amortization of the logistics business by $2.9 million, mainly due to the depreciation of three new pushboats, and 72 new dry bargesacquired in 2014 and the acquisition of a bunker vessel that commenced operations in the first quarter of 2015.Provision for Losses on Accounts Receivable: For the year ended December 31, 2015, provision for losses on accounts receivabledecreased by $0.7 million to $0.1 million, as compared to $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease was mainly attributable to thelogistics business.Interest Income: Interest income decreased by $3.1 million to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to$5.5 million for the same period in 2014, mainly due to $4.4 million decrease attributable to the arrangement fee earned in 2014 pursuant to the NaviosAcquisition’s short-term credit facility. This decrease was partially mitigated by (i) $1.0 million increase in interest income attributable to the dry bulk vesseloperations, mainly due to interest income from Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II; and (ii) $0.3 million increase in interest income of the logisticsbusiness, mainly due to higher income from short-term deposits. 80 Table of ContentsOther Income: Other income decreased by $10.8 million to $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to$15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease was due to a $9.1 million decrease in other income of dry bulk vessels operations and a$1.7 million decrease in other income of the logistics business.The decrease in other income of the dry bulk vessels operations is mainly due to (i) a $7.2 million decrease in income, relating to the saleof a defaulted counterparty claim to an unrelated third party during 2014; and (ii) a $3.6 million decrease in income relating to the termination of the creditdefault insurance policy in 2014. This decrease was partially offset by (i) a $0.9 million increase in gains from foreign exchange differences, and (ii) a$0.8 million increase in miscellaneous other income.The decrease in other income of the logistics business was mainly due to the increased loss from foreign exchange differences as a resultof the less favorable fluctuation of the U.S. dollar exchange rate against the local currencies in the countries where Navios Logistics conducts its operations.Other Expense: Other expense increased by $10.5 million to $35.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to$24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. This increase was due to a $7.5 million increase in other expense of dry bulk vessels operations and a$3.0 million increase in other expense of the logistics business.The increase in other expense of dry bulk vessels operations is mainly due to a $18.8 million increase in claims under the Navios PartnersGuarantee (as defined below) during 2015. This increase was partially mitigated by (i) a $9.7 million decrease in expense relating to the reclassification toearnings of available-for-sale securities for an “other-than-temporary” impairment during 2015 compared to last year; and (ii) a $1.6 million decrease inmiscellaneous other expense. The increase in other expense of the logistics business was mainly due to an increase in taxes other-than-income taxes.The increase in other expense of dry bulk vessels operations is mainly due to (i) a $11.5 million expense relating to the reclassification toearnings of available-for-sale securities for an “other-than-temporary” impairment; and (ii) a $0.6 million increase in miscellaneous other expenses. Theincrease in other expense of the logistics business was mainly due to an increase in taxes other-than-income taxes.Equity in Net Earnings of Affiliated Companies: Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies increased by $3.7 million, or 6.5%, to$61.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $57.8 million for the same period in 2014. This increase was mainly due to a$6.4 million increase in investment income which was partially offset by a $2.7 million decrease in amortization of deferred gain from the sale of vessels toNavios Partners (as more fully described below). The $6.4 million increase in investment income consisted of (i) $23.8 million relating to Navios Acquisition(a $35.8 million increase in equity income, partially mitigated by a $12.0 million decrease mainly as a result of gains recorded in 2014 following theissuance of shares after Navios Acquisition’s offering in February 2014 and the vesting of restricted stock awards in October 2014); (ii) a $1.3 millionincrease in investment income from Navios Europe II; and (iii) a $0.5 million increase in investment income from Navios Europe I. This total increase waspartially mitigated by (i) a $18.8 million decrease in investment income from Navios Partners ($11.2 million decrease as a result of gains recorded in 2014following the issuance of shares for Navios Partners’ offering in February 2014, and a $7.6 million decrease in equity income); and (ii) a $0.4 million decreasein investment income from Acropolis.The Company recognizes the gain from the sale of vessels to Navios Partners immediately in earnings only to the extent of the interest inNavios Partners owned by third parties and defers recognition of the gain to the extent of its own ownership interest in Navios Partners (see also “Item 7.B.Related Party Transactions”).Income Tax Benefit/ (Expense): Income tax benefit increased by $3.3 million to $3.2 million benefit for the year ended December 31,2015, as compared to a $0.1 million expense for the year ended December 31, 2014. The total change in income tax was attributable to Navios Logisticsmainly due to the effect of the pre-tax losses of certain subsidiaries of the barge business and lower pre-tax profit in the cabotage business.Net (Income)/ Loss Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interest: Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest increased by$13.9 million to $8.0 million income for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $5.9 million loss for the same period in 2014. This increase wasmainly attributable to logistics business net income for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to net loss for the same period in 2014.Non-Guarantor SubsidiariesOur non-guarantor subsidiaries accounted for approximately $220.3 million, or 52.5%, of our revenue, $5.4 million net income of ourtotal net loss and approximately $63.3 million of Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our non-guarantor subsidiaries accounted forapproximately $251.0 million, or 52.2%, of our revenue, $16.2 million, or 12.1%, of our total net loss and approximately $74.4 million, or 66.0%, ofAdjusted EBITDA, in each case, for the year ended 81 Table of ContentsDecember 31, 2015. Our non-guarantor subsidiaries accounted for approximately $268.8 million, or 47.2%, of our revenue, $7.0 million, or 12.5%, of ourtotal net loss and approximately $51.2 million, or 29.0%, of Adjusted EBITDA, in each case, for the year ended December 31, 2014.B. Liquidity and Capital ResourcesNavios Holdings has historically financed its capital requirements with cash flows from operations, equity contributions fromstockholders, issuance of debt and borrowings under bank credit facilities. Main uses of funds have been capital expenditures for the acquisition of newvessels, new construction and upgrades at the port terminals, expenditures incurred in connection with ensuring that the owned vessels comply withinternational and regulatory standards, repayments of debt and payments of dividends. Navios Holdings may from time to time, subject to restrictions underits debt and equity instruments, including limitations on dividends and repurchases under its preferred stock, depending upon market conditions andfinancing needs, use funds to refinance or repurchase its debt in privately negotiated or open transactions, by tender offer or otherwise, in compliance withapplicable laws, rules and regulations, at prices and on terms Navios Holdings deems appropriate and subject to Navios Holdings cash requirements for otherpurposes, compliance with the covenants under Navios Holdings’ debt agreements, and other factors management deems relevant. Navios Holdingsanticipates that cash on hand, borrowings and internally generated cash flows will be sufficient to fund the operations of the dry bulk vessel operations andthe logistics businesses, including our present working capital requirements. Generally, our sources of funds may be from cash from operations, long-termborrowings and other debt or equity financings, proceeds from asset sales and proceeds from sale of our stake in our investments. We cannot assure you thatwe will be able to secure adequate financing or obtain additional funds on favorable terms, to meet our liquidity needs.See “Item 4.B Business Overview — Exercise of Vessel Purchase Options”, “Working Capital Position” and “Long-Term DebtObligations and Credit Arrangements” for further discussion of Navios Holdings’ working capital position.The following table presents cash flow information for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. (in thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Net cash provided by operating activities $36,920 $43,478 $56,323 Net cash used in investing activities (150,565) (36,499) (244,888) Net cash provided by/ (used in) financing activities 86,225 (91,123) 248,290 (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (27,420) (84,144) 59,725 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 163,412 247,556 187,831 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $135,992 $163,412 $247,556 Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015:Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $6.6 million to $36.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as comparedto $43.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. In determining net cash provided by operating activities, net loss is adjusted for the effects of certainnon-cash items which may be analyzed in detail as follows: (in thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Net loss $(300,149) $(126,067) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operatingactivities: Depreciation and amortization 113,825 120,310 Amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs 5,653 4,524 Amortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs 13,768 13,340 Provision for losses on accounts receivable 1,304 59 Share based compensation 3,446 5,591 Gain on bond and debt extinguishment (29,187) — Income tax (benefit)/expense 1,265 (3,154) Realized holding loss on investments in-available-for-sale-securities 345 1,782 Equity/loss in affiliates, net of dividends received 219,417 (30,398) Net income/ (loss) adjusted for non-cash items $29,687 $(14,013) 82 Table of ContentsAccounts receivable, net, increased by $1.0 million, from $64.8 million at December 31, 2015 to $65.8 million at December 31, 2016.The increase was primarily due to (i) a $6.8 million increase in accounts receivable of Navios Logistics mainly attributable to the receivables of the bargebusiness; and (ii) a $0.6 million increase in accrued voyage income and expenses in dry bulk operations business. The increase was partially mitigated by a$6.4 million decrease in accounts receivable from charterers and other receivables in dry bulk operations business.Amounts due from/(to) affiliate companies, including current and non-current portion, increased by $12.2 million from $3.1 millionpayable for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $15.3 million payable for the year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was due to (a) a $19.2 millionnet increase in payable of management and administrative fees, other expenses and reimbursement for drydocking costs; and (b) a $7.0 million increase inbalances relating to Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II.Inventories increased by $4.1 million, from $24.4 million at December 31, 2015 to $28.5 million at December 31, 2016. The increase wasprimarily due to (i) a $2.0 million increase in inventories of Navios Logistics mainly attributable to an increase in inventories in the liquid port in Paraguay;and (ii) a $2.1 million increase in inventories on board of our dry bulk vessels.Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $4.8 million, from $24.1 million at December 31, 2015 to $28.9 million atDecember 31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to (i) a $4.5 million increase in advances for working capital under our pooling arrangements; and (ii) a$3.6 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of Navios Logistics. This increase was partially mitigated by (i) a $1.7 million decrease inaccounts receivable claims; (ii) a $1.4 million decrease in prepaid voyage and operating costs; and (iii) a $0.2 million decrease in other assets.Other long term assets decreased by $0.9 million, from $3.5 million at December 31, 2015 to $2.6 million at December 31, 2016. Thedecrease was primarily due to (i) a $0.7 million decrease in long-term assets from dry bulk operations; and (ii) a $0.2 million decrease in other long-termassets of Navios Logistics.Accounts payable increased by $12.9 million, from $72.6 million at December 31, 2015 to $85.5 million at December 31, 2016. Theincrease was primarily due to (i) a $13.1 million increase in accounts payable relating to utilities and other service providers, legal and audit services; (ii) a$4.9 million increase in accounts payable to bunkers, lubricants and other suppliers; and (iii) a $3.6 million increase in accounts payable of Navios Logistics.This increase was partially mitigated by (i) a $6.7 million decrease in accounts payable relating to brokers and other accounts payable; (ii) a $1.7 milliondecrease in accounts payable to headowners; and (iii) a $0.3 million decrease in port agents payable.Accrued expenses and other liabilities decreased by $11.4 million to $91.7 million at December 31, 2016 from $103.1 million atDecember 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a $8.8 million decrease in claims submitted under the Navios Partners Guarantee (as definedbelow); (ii) a $3.1 million decrease in accrued dividends; (iii) a $1.1 million decrease in accrued voyage expenses; (iv) a $1.3 million decrease in accrueddirect vessel expenses; (v) a $1.4 million decrease in accrued interest; and (vi) a $1.4 million decrease in other accrued expenses and other liabilities. Thedecrease was partially mitigated by (i) a $4.2 million increase in accrued payroll; (ii) a $1.0 million increase in accrued estimated losses on uncompletedvoyages; and (iii) a $0.5 million increase in accrued expenses of Navios Logistics.Deferred income and cash received in advance decreased by $4.3 million to $9.2 million at December 31, 2016 from $13.5 million atDecember 31, 2015. Deferred income primarily reflects freight and charter-out amounts collected on voyages that have not been completed and the currentportion of the deferred gain from the sale of various vessels to Navios Partners to be amortized over the next year. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a$1.7 million decrease in deferred freight; and (ii) a $2.7 million decrease in deferred income of Navios Logistics, partially mitigated by a $0.1 millionincrease in the current portion of deferred gain from the sale of assets to Navios Partners.Other long term liabilities and deferred income increased by $22.5 million to $43.4 million at December 31, 2016 from $20.9 million atDecember 31, 2015. The increase was primarily due to (i) a $13.2 million increase in claims submitted under the Navios Partners Guarantee (as definedbelow); (ii) a $11.0 million increase in payable related to our long-term charter-in fleet; and (iii) a $0.2 million increase in other long term payables. Thisincrease was partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease in the non-current portion of deferred gain from the sale of vessels to Navios Partners.Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015:Cash used in investing activities was $150.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $36.5 million for the sameperiod of 2015. 83 Table of ContentsCash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was the result of: (i) $60.1 million in payments relating to theacquisition of two bulk carrier vessels delivered in January 2016; (ii) a $4.3 million loan to Navios Europe II; (iii) $0.3 million in payments in other fixedassets; (iv) $5.3 million proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities; and (v) $91.2 million in payments made by Navios Logistics described asfollows: (a) $85.6 million in payments for the expansion of the dry port terminal; (b) $1.3 million in payments for the construction of three new pushboats;and (c) $4.3 million in payments for improvements and purchase of other fixed assets.Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was the result of (i) $16.2 million in payments for the acquisitionof common units and general partner units following Navios Partners’ offering in February 2015; (ii) a $6.7 million investment in Navios Europe II; (iii)$7.6 million in payments relating to deposits for the acquisition of two bulk carrier vessels delivered in January 2016; (iv) a $7.3 million loan to NaviosEurope II; (v) $0.3 million in payments in other fixed assets; and (vi) $27.0 million in payments in fixed assets by Navios Logistics as follows: (a)$0.8 million in payments for the transportation and other acquisition costs of new dry barges; (b) $12.1 million in payments for the expansion of the dry portterminal; (c) $7.1 million in payments for the construction of three new pushboats; and (d) $7.0 million in payments for improvements and purchase of otherfixed assets. The above were partially offset by (i) $18.2 million in dividends received from Navios Acquisition; and (ii) $10.4 million loan repayment fromNavios Acquisition.Cash provided by/ (used in) financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015:Cash provided by financing activities was $86.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $91.1 million used infinancing activities for the same period of 2015.Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was the result of (i) $54.7 million of loan proceeds (net of$1.3 million finance fees) to finance the acquisition of two bulk carrier vessels and to refinance another one; (ii) $48.4 million of proceeds from the NaviosAcquisition Loan; (iii) a $11.0 million decrease in restricted cash relating to loan repayments and security under certain credit facilities; and (iv)$60.3 million loan proceeds from Navios Logistics. Cash provided by financing activities was partially mitigated by (i) $30.7 million of payments for therepurchase of 2019 Notes; (ii) $9.3 million payment related to the Tender Offer for the redemption of preferred stock; (iii) $40.7 million of paymentsperformed in connection with the Company’s outstanding indebtedness, of which $21.6 million related to scheduled repayment installments for the year2016, $13.8 million related to the refinancing of one of our secured credit facilities and $5.3 million related to the balloon payments originally due in 2019and 2020; (iv) $3.7 million of dividends paid to the Company’s stockholders; (v) $0.8 million in payments for the acquisition of treasury stock; and (vi)$3.0 million relating to payments for capital lease obligations.Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was the result of (i) $36.0 million of payments performed inconnection with the Company’s outstanding indebtedness, of which $24.1 million related to installments for the year 2015, $6.9 million to installments forthe year 2016 and $5.0 million to balloon payments due in 2019 and 2020; (ii) $6.8 million for the payment of the balance of the purchase price for twocompanies acquired by Navios Logistics in 2014 (both acquisitions of intangible assets), (iii) $1.5 million relating to payments for capital lease obligations;(iv) $35.4 million of dividends paid to the Company’s stockholders; (v) a $11.1 million increase in restricted cash relating to loan repayments and securityunder certain credit facilities; (vi) $0.2 million in payments for the acquisition of treasury stock; and (vii) $0.1 million in payments for debt issuance cost, inrelation to the acquisition of two bulk carrier vessels delivered in January 2016.Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014:Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $12.8 million to $43.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, ascompared to $56.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. In determining net cash provided by operating activities, net loss is adjusted for the effectsof certain non-cash items which may be analyzed in detail as follows: (in thousands of U.S. dollars) Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Net loss $(126,067) $(62,064) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 120,310 104,690 Amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs 4,524 4,061 Amortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs 13,340 12,263 Provision for losses on accounts receivable 59 792 Share based compensation 5,591 7,719 Loss on bond and debt extinguishment — 4,786 Income tax (benefit)/expense (3,154) 84 Realized holding loss on investments in-available-for-sale-securities 1,782 11,553 Equity in affiliates, net of dividends received (30,398) (22,179) Net loss adjusted for non-cash items $(14,013) $61,705 84 Table of ContentsAccounts receivable, net, decreased by $20.8 million, from $85.6 million at December 31, 2014 to $64.8 million at December 31, 2015.The decrease was primarily due to (i) a $9.0 million decrease in accounts receivable from charterers and other receivables; (ii) a $8.6 million decrease inaccrued voyage income and expenses in dry bulk operations business; and (iii) a $3.2 million decrease in accounts receivable of Navios Logistics mainlyattributable to lower sales of products close to the year end.Amounts due from/(to) affiliate companies, including current and non-current portion, decreased by $40.6 million from $37.5 millionreceivable for the year ended December 31, 2014 to $3.1 million payable for the year ended December 31, 2015. This decrease was due to (a) a $13.3 milliondecrease in dividends receivable and long-term receivable from affiliate companies; (b) a $30.3 million net increase in payable of management andadministrative fees, other expenses and reimbursement for drydocking costs; and (c) a $3.0 million increase in loan receivable from Navios Europe I andNavios Europe II.Inventories decreased by $8.1 million, from $32.5 million at December 31, 2014 to $24.4 million at December 31, 2015. The decreasewas primarily due to (i) a $6.7 million decrease in inventories of Navios Logistics mainly attributable to an decrease in inventories in the liquid port; and(ii) a $1.4 million decrease in inventories on board our dry bulk vessels.Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $2.4 million, from $21.7 million at December 31, 2014 to $24.1 million atDecember 31, 2015. The increase was primarily due to (i) a $7.5 million increase in accounts receivable claims; and (ii) a $0.5 million increase in taxes. Thisincrease was partially offset by (i) a $1.1 million decrease in prepaid voyage and operating costs; (ii) a $0.1 million decrease in other assets; and (iii) a$4.4 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of Navios Logistics mainly attributable a decrease in accounts receivable claims.Other long term assets decreased by $3.5 million, from $7.0 million at December 31, 2014 to $3.5 million at December 31, 2015. Thedecrease was primarily due to a $3.7 million decrease in long-term receivables from charters, which was partially offset by a $0.2 million increase in otherlong-term assets of Navios Logistics.Accounts payable increased by $18.8 million, from $53.8 million at December 31, 2014 to $72.6 million at December 31, 2015. Theincrease was primarily due to (i) a $13.8 million increase in accounts payable to suppliers; (ii) a $9.1 million increase in accounts payable to insurers; (iii) a$5.9 million increase in accounts payable relating to utilities and other service providers, repairers and legal, audit and consulting services; (iv) a$2.2 million increase in port agents payable; (v) a $0.3 million increase in accounts payable to headowners; and (vi) a $0.1 million increase in accountspayable to bunkers and lubricants suppliers. This increase was partially mitigated by (i) a $4.1 million decrease in accounts payable relating to brokers andother accounts payable; and (ii) a $8.5 million decrease in accounts payable of Navios Logistics.Accrued expenses and other liabilities decreased by $4.2 million to $103.1 million at December 31, 2015 from $107.3 million atDecember 31, 2014. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a $7.0 million decrease in accrued voyage expenses; (ii) a $0.3 million decrease in accrued runningcosts; (iii) a $0.2 million decrease in accrued payroll; (iv) a $0.2 million decrease in accrued interest; and (v) a $9.5 million decrease in accrued expenses ofNavios Logistics. This decrease was partially mitigated by (i) a $8.8 million increase in claims submitted under the Navios Partners Guarantee (as definedbelow); (ii) a $3.9 million increase in other accrued expenses and other liabilities; and (iii) a $0.3 million increase in accrued estimated losses onuncompleted voyages.Deferred income and cash received in advance increased by $1.1 million to $13.5 million at December 31, 2015 from $12.4 million atDecember 31, 2014. Deferred income primarily reflects freight and charter-out amounts collected on voyages that have not been completed and the currentportion of the deferred gain from the sale of various vessels to Navios Partners to be amortized over the next year. The increase was primarily due to (i) a$0.8 million increase in deferred freight; and (ii) a $1.0 million increase in deferred income of Navios Logistics, partially mitigated by a $0.7 million decreasein the current portion of deferred gain from the sale of assets to Navios Partners.Other long term liabilities and deferred income increased by $3.4 million to $20.9 million at December 31, 2015 from $17.5 million atDecember 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to (i) a $6.5 million increase in claims submitted under the Navios Partners Guarantee (as defined below);and (ii) a $0.1 million increase in other long term payables. This increase was partially offset by (i) a $1.8 million decrease in the non-current portion ofdeferred gain from the sale of vessels to Navios Partners; and (ii) a $1.4 million decrease in other long-term liabilities of Navios Logistics. 85 Table of ContentsCash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014:Cash used in investing activities was $36.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $244.9 million for the sameperiod of 2014.Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was the result of (i) $16.2 million in payments for the acquisitionof common units and general partner units following Navios Partners’ offering in February 2015; (ii) a $6.7 million investment in Navios Europe II;(iii) $7.6 million in payments relating to deposits for the acquisition of two bulk carrier vessels delivered in January 2016; (iv) a $7.3 million loan to NaviosEurope II; (v) $0.3 million in payments in other fixed assets; and (vi) $27.0 million in payments in fixed assets by Navios Logistics as follows:(a) $0.8 million in payments for the transportation and other acquisition costs of new dry barges; (b) $12.1 million in payments for the expansion of the dryport terminal; (c) $7.1 million in payments for the construction of three new pushboats; and (d) $7.0 million in payments for improvements and purchase ofother fixed assets. The above were partially offset by (i) $18.2 million in dividends received from Navios Acquisition; and (ii) $10.4 million loan repaymentfrom Navios Acquisition.Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 was the result of (i) $2.2 million used to purchase general partnerunits in Navios G.P. LLC, the general partner of Navios Partners (“General Partner”) following Navios Partners’ common equity offering in February 2014;(ii) $22.1 million in payments relating to deposits for the acquisition of two bulk carrier vessels delivered in January of 2016; (iii) $5.1 million outflowrelating to Navios Acquisition’s long term receivable; (iv) a $4.5 million loan to Navios Europe; (v) $123.5 million in payments for the acquisition of the NBonanza, the Navios Gem and the Navios Ray in January, June and November 2014, respectively; (vi) $10.2 million relating to the acquisition of Edolmixand Cartisur (both acquisitions of intangible assets) by Navios Logistics; (vii) $0.2 million of payments in other fixed assets; and (viii) $91.7 million ofpayments in fixed assets by Navios Logistics as follows: (a) $6.9 million for the construction of three new pushboats; (b) $3.7 million for the acquisition andtransport of three pushboats delivered in the first quarter of 2014; (c) $52.7 million for the construction and transport of new dry barges; (d) $16.3 million fordredging works related to the expansion of the dry port in Uruguay; (e) $5.5 million in payments for the acquisition of a second-hand bunker vessel,including relocation costs; (f) $0.7 million in payments for the construction of a new conveyor belt in Nueva Palmira; and (g) $5.9 million for the purchase ofother fixed assets. The above were partially offset by $14.6 million in dividends received from Navios Acquisition.Cash (used in)/provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014:Cash used in financing activities was $91.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $248.3 million provided byfinancing activities for the same period of 2014.Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was the result of (i) $36.0 million of payments performed inconnection with the Company’s outstanding indebtedness, of which $24.1 million related to installments for the year 2015, $6.9 million to installments forthe year 2016 and $5.0 million to balloon payments due in 2019 and 2020; (ii) $6.8 million for the payment of the balance of the purchase price for twocompanies acquired by Navios Logistics in 2014 (both acquisitions of intangible assets), (iii) $1.5 million relating to payments for capital lease obligations;(iv) $35.4 million of dividends paid to the Company’s stockholders; (v) a $11.1 million increase in restricted cash relating to loan repayments and securityunder certain credit facilities; (vi) $0.2 million in payments for the acquisition of treasury stock; and (vii) $0.1 million in payments for debt issuance cost, inrelation to the acquisition of two bulk carrier vessels delivered in January 2016.Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 was the result of (i) $163.6 million net proceeds followingthe sale of the Series G on January 28, 2014 and Series H on July 8, 2014; (ii) $3.5 million contribution of noncontrolling shareholders for the acquisition ofthe N Bonanza; (iii) $0.6 million in proceeds from the exercise of options to purchase common stock; (iv) $71.0 million of loan proceeds (net of $1.2 millionfinance fees) for financing the acquisition of the N Bonanza, the Navios Gem and the Navios Ray; and (v) $365.7 million of proceeds from the issuance of the2022 Logistics Senior Notes in April 2014 (net of $9.3 million finance fees). This was partially offset by: (i) $20.8 million of installments paid in connectionwith the Company’s outstanding indebtedness; (ii) $290.0 million repayment of the 2019 Logistics Senior Notes (as defined herein); (iii) $32.7 million ofdividends paid to the Company’s stockholders; (iv) $10.9 million relating to payments for the acquisition of the noncontrolling interest in Navios Asia;(v) $1.4 million relating to payments for capital lease obligations; and (vi) $0.3 million increase in restricted cash relating to loan repayments.Adjusted EBITDA: EBITDA represents net (loss)/income attributable to Navios Holdings’ common stockholders before interest andfinance costs, before depreciation and amortization and before income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA before stock based compensation. We useAdjusted EBITDA as liquidity measure and reconcile Adjusted EBITDA to net cash provided by operating activities, the most comparable U.S. GAAPliquidity measure. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as follows: net cash provided by operating activities adding back, when applicable and as the case may be,the effect of (i) net increase/(decrease) in operating assets, (ii) net (increase)/decrease in operating liabilities, (iii) net interest cost, (iv) deferred financecharges and gains/(losses) on bond and debt extinguishment, (v) provision for losses on accounts receivable, (vi) equity in affiliates, net of dividendsreceived, (vii) payments for 86 Table of Contentsdrydock and special survey costs, (viii) noncontrolling interest, (ix) gain/ (loss) on sale of assets/ subsidiaries, (x) unrealized (loss)/gain on derivatives, and(xi) loss on sale and reclassification to earnings of available-for-sale securities and impairment charges. Navios Holdings believes that Adjusted EBITDA is abasis upon which liquidity can be assessed and represents useful information to investors regarding Navios Holdings’ ability to service and/or incurindebtedness, pay capital expenditures, meet working capital requirements and pay dividends. Navios Holdings also believes that Adjusted EBITDA is used(i) by prospective and current lessors as well as potential lenders to evaluate potential transactions; (ii) to evaluate and price potential acquisition candidates;and (iii) by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry.Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and therefore, should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for theanalysis of Navios Holdings’ results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (i) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cashrequirements for, working capital needs; (ii) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the amounts necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debtand other financing arrangements; and (iii) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized mayhave to be replaced in the future. Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such capital expenditures. Because of these limitations, amongothers, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a principal indicator of Navios Holdings’ performance. Furthermore, our calculation of AdjustedEBITDA may not be comparable to that reported by other companies due to differences in methods of calculation.For a reconciliation of cash flows from operating activities to Adjusted EBITDA refer to “Item 3. Key Information- A. Selected FinancialData.”Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $(62.8) million and $112.8 million, respectively. The$175.6 million decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to (i) a $61.0 million decrease in revenue; (ii) a $264.3 million decrease in equity in netearnings from affiliated companies; and (iii) a $1.2 million increase in provision for losses on accounts receivable. This decrease was partially mitigated by(i) a $72.8 million decrease in time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses; (ii) a $23.3 million decrease in other expenses; (iii) a $13.2 millionincrease in other income; (iv) a $29.2 million increase in gain on bond and debt extinguishment; (v) a $6.7 million decrease in general and administrativeexpenses (excluding share-based compensation expenses); (vi) a $4.3 million decrease in net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest; and (vii) a$1.4 million decrease in direct vessel expenses (excluding the amortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs).Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $112.8 million and $176.7 million, respectively. The$63.9 million decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to (i) a $88.2 million decrease in revenue; (ii) a $10.7 million decrease in other income; (iii) a$10.4 million increase in other expenses; and (iv) a $13.9 million increase in net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest. This overall decrease of$123.2 million was partially mitigated by (i) a $15.4 million decrease in time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses; (ii) a $2.9 million decrease indirect vessel expenses (excluding the amortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs); (iii) a $9.3 million decrease in general and administrativeexpenses (excluding share-based compensation expenses); (iv) a $0.7 million decrease in provision for losses on accounts receivable; (v) a $3.7 millionincrease in equity in net earnings from affiliated companies; and (vi) a $27.3 million decrease in loss on bond and debt extinguishment.Long-Term Debt Obligations and Credit Arrangements:Navios Holdings loansSenior NotesOn January 28, 2011, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. (together with the Company,the “2019 Co-Issuers”) completed the sale of $350.0 million of 8.125% Senior Notes due 2019 (the “2019 Notes”). During July, August and October 2016,the Company repurchased $58.9 million of its 2019 Notes for a cash consideration of $30.7 million resulting in a gain on bond extinguishment of$27.7 million, net of deferred fees written-off.The 2019 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally and on an unsecured senior basis, by all of theCompany’s subsidiaries, other than Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc., Navios Maritime Finance (US) Inc., Navios Logistics and its subsidiaries andNavios GP L.L.C. The subsidiary guarantees are “full and unconditional”, except that the indenture provides for an individual subsidiary’s guarantee to beautomatically released in certain customary circumstances, such as when a subsidiary is sold or all of the assets of the subsidiary are sold, the capital stock issold, when the subsidiary is designated as an “unrestricted subsidiary” for purposes of the indenture, upon liquidation or dissolution of the subsidiary orupon legal or covenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the 2019 Notes. The 2019 Co-Issuers have the option to redeem the 2019 Notes in wholeor in part, at a fixed price of 104.063% of the principal amount, which price declines ratably until it reaches par in February 2017, plus accrued and unpaidinterest, if any. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain change of control events, the holders of the 2019 Notes will have the right to require the 2019Co-Issuers to repurchase some or all of the 2019 Notes at 101% of their face amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date. 87 Table of ContentsThe 2019 Notes contain covenants which, among other things, limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, issuance of certainpreferred stock, the payment of dividends, redemption or repurchase of capital stock or making restricted payments and investments, creation of certain liens,transfer or sale of assets, entering in transactions with affiliates, merging or consolidating or selling all or substantially all of the 2019 Co-Issuers’ propertiesand assets and creation or designation of restricted subsidiaries. The 2019 Co-Issuers were in compliance with the covenants as of December 31, 2016.Ship Mortgage NotesOn November 29, 2013, Navios Holdings completed the sale of $650.0 million of its 7.375% First Priority Ship Mortgage Notes due 2022 (the“2022 Notes”). The net proceeds of the offering of the 2022 Notes have been used: (i) to repay, in full, $488.0 million of first priority ship mortgage notes dueon November 1, 2017, issued by the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Navios Maritime Finance (US) Inc. in November 2009 and July 2012; and(ii) to repay in full indebtedness relating to six vessels added as collateral under the 2022 Notes. The remainder has been used for general corporate purposes.The 2022 Notes are senior obligations of Navios Holdings and Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. (the “2022 Co- Issuers”) and are secured byfirst priority ship mortgages on 23 dry bulk vessels owned by certain subsidiary guarantors and certain other associated property and contract rights. The2022 Notes are unregistered and fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally by all of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries thatguarantee the 2019 Notes and Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. The guarantees of the Company’s subsidiaries that own mortgaged vessels are seniorsecured guarantees and the guarantees of the Company’s subsidiaries that do not own mortgaged vessels are senior unsecured guarantees. In addition, the2022 Co-Issuers have the option to redeem the 2022 Notes in whole or in part, at any time on or after January 15, 2017, at a fixed price of 105.531%, whichprice declines ratably until it reaches par in 2020.Furthermore, upon occurrence of certain change of control events, the holders of the 2022 Notes may require the 2022 Co-Issuers to repurchasesome or all of the notes at 101% of their face amount. The 2022 Notes contain covenants, which among other things, limit the incurrence of additionalindebtedness, issuance of certain preferred stock, the payment of dividends, redemption or repurchase of capital stock or making restricted payments andinvestments, creation of certain liens, transfer or sale of assets, entering into certain transactions with affiliates, merging or consolidating or selling all orsubstantially all of the 2022 Co-Issuers’ properties and assets and creation or designation of restricted subsidiaries. The 2022 Co-Issuers were in compliancewith the covenants as of December 31, 2016.Secured Credit FacilitiesCredit Agricole (formerly Emporiki) Facilities: In December 2012, the Emporiki Bank of Greece’s facilities were transferred to Credit AgricoleCorporate and Investment Bank.In September 2010, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Emporiki Bank of Greece for an amount of up to $40.0 million inorder to partially finance the construction of Navios Azimuth. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under the loan facility was repayable in 9semi-annual equal installments of $1.2 million with a final balloon payment of $8.0 million on the last payment date. The loan bears interest at a rate ofLIBOR plus 275 basis points. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. In December 2015, Navios Azimuth was added ascollateral to the Navios Asia facility. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under this facility was $18.9 million.In August 2011, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Emporiki Bank of Greece for an amount of up to $23.0 million in orderto partially finance the construction of one newbuilding bulk carrier. As of December 31, 2016, the facility is repayable in 11 semi-annual equal installmentsof $0.7 million, with a final balloon payment of $7.3 million on the last payment date. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 275 basis points. Theloan facility requires compliance with certain covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under this facility was $14.8 million.In December 2011, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Emporiki Bank of Greece for an amount of up to $23.0 million inorder to partially finance the construction of one newbuilding bulk carrier. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under the loan facility wasrepayable in 11 semi-annual equal installments of $0.7 million after the drawdown date, with a final balloon payment of $7.5 million on the last paymentdate. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 325 basis points. The loan facility requires compliance with certain covenants. As of December 31, 2016,the outstanding amount under this facility was $15.2 million. 88 Table of ContentsOn December 20, 2013, Navios Asia entered into a facility with Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank for an amount of up to$22.5 million in two equal tranches, in order to finance the acquisition of the N Amalthia, which was delivered in October 2013, and the N Bonanza, whichwas delivered in January 2014. The two tranches bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. Each tranche is repayable in four and five equal semi-annual installments of $0.6 million, with a final balloon payment of $5.6 million on the last repayment date. The loan facility requires compliance withcertain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount of the loan was $16.3 million.Commerzbank Facility: In June 2009, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement for an amount of up to $240.0 million (divided into fourtranches of $60.0 million) with Commerzbank AG in order to partially finance the acquisition of a Capesize vessel and the construction of three Capesizevessels. Following the delivery of two Capesize vessels, Navios Holdings cancelled two of the four tranches and in October 2010 fully repaid theiroutstanding loan balances of $53.6 million and $54.5 million, respectively. During October 2016, the Company prepaid the third tranche, which had anoutstanding balance of $15.3 million, using $13.8 million of cash, thus achieving a $1.5 million benefit to nominal value. As of December 31, 2016, thefourth tranche of the facility is repayable in 16 quarterly installments of $0.8 million, with a final balloon payment of $6.5 million on the last payment date.The loan bears interest at a rate based on a margin of 225 basis points. The loan facility requires compliance with certain covenants. As of December 31,2016, the outstanding amount was $19.9 million.DVB Bank SE Facilities: On March 23, 2012, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with a syndicate of banks led by DVB Bank SEfor an amount of up to $42.0 million in two tranches: (i) the first tranche is for an amount of up to $26.0 million in order to finance the acquisition of NaviosSerenity; and (ii) the second tranche is for an amount of up to $16.0 million to refinance the Navios Astra loan facility with Cyprus Popular Bank Public Co.Ltd. The two tranches bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 285 and 360 basis points, respectively. On June 27, 2014, Navios Holdings refinanced the existingfacility, entering into a new tranche for an amount of $30.0 million in order to finance the acquisition of the Navios Gem, which was delivered in June 2014.The new tranche bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 275 basis points. As of December 31, 2016, the first tranche is repayable in 13 quarterly installments of$0.4 million, with a final balloon payment of $14.4 million on the last repayment date, the second tranche is repayable in 14 quarterly installments of$0.3 million, with a final balloon payment of $6.3 million on the last repayment date and the third tranche is repayable in 14 quarterly installments of$0.5 million, with a final balloon payment of $18.8 million on the last repayment date. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financialcovenants. As of December 31, 2016, the total outstanding amount was $54.5 million.In September 2013, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with DVB Bank SE for an amount of up to $40.0 million in order tofinance the acquisition of four Panamax vessels, delivered in August and September 2013. The facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 325 basis points.As of December 31, 2016, the facility is repayable in 8 quarterly installments of $1.0 million, with a final balloon payment of $20.0 million payable on thelast repayment date. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. In December 2015, Navios Sphera and Navios Mars were added ascollateral to this facility. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount was $28.0 million.In January 2016, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with DVB Bank SE for an amount of up to $41.0 million, to be drawn in twotranches, to finance the acquisition of Navios Mars and Navios Sphera. The facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 255 basis points. The total amountdrawn under the facility was $39.9 million. The first tranche is repayable in five quarterly installments of $0.5 million each, followed by 16 quarterlyinstallments of $0.4 million each, and a final balloon payment of $14.8 million on the last payment day. The second tranche is repayable in five quarterlyinstallments of approximately $0.4 million each, followed by 16 installments of $0.2 million each, and a final balloon payment of $8.8 million on the lastpayment day. The loan facility also requires compliance with certain covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount was $37.3 million.Alpha Bank A.E.: On November 6, 2014, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Alpha Bank A.E. for an amount of up to$31.0 million in order to finance part of the acquisition of a Capesize vessel. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. As ofDecember 31, 2016, the facility is repayable in 24 quarterly installments of $0.5 million, with a final balloon payment of $16.6 million on the last repaymentdate. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount was $27.4 million.On November 3, 2016, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Alpha Bank A.E. for an amount of up to $16.1 million in order torefinance one Capesize vessel. The facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. The facility is repayable in 20 quarterly installments of$0.3 million each, with a final balloon payment of $10.7 million payable on the last repayment date. The first instalment will be due 15 months from the loandrawdown date. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount was $16.1 million.The facilities are secured by first priority mortgages on certain of Navios Holdings’ vessels and other collateral. 89 Table of ContentsThe credit facilities contain a number of restrictive covenants that limit Navios Holdings and/or certain of its subsidiaries from, among otherthings: incurring or guaranteeing indebtedness; entering into affiliate transactions; charging, pledging or encumbering the vessels securing such facilities;changing the flag, class, management or ownership of certain Navios Holdings’ vessels; changing the commercial and technical management of certainNavios Holdings’ vessels; selling or changing the ownership of certain Navios Holdings’ vessels; and subordinating the obligations under the credit facilitiesto any general and administrative costs relating to the vessels. The credit facilities also require the vessels to comply with the ISM Code and ISPS Code andto maintain valid safety management certificates and documents of compliance at all times. Additionally, the credit facilities require compliance with thecovenants contained in the indentures governing the 2019 Notes and the 2022 Notes. Among other events, it will be an event of default under the creditfacilities if the financial covenants are not complied with or if Angeliki Frangou and her affiliates, together, own less than 20% of the outstanding sharecapital of Navios Holdings.The majority of the Company’s senior secured credit facilities require compliance with maintenance covenants, including (i) value-to-loan ratiocovenants, based on either charter-adjusted valuations, or charter-free valuations, ranging from over 110% to 130%, (ii) minimum liquidity up to a maximumof $40.0 million, and (iii) net total debt divided by total assets, as defined in each senior secured credit facility, ranging from a maximum of 75% to 80%.Certain covenants in our senior secured credit facilities have been waived for a specific period of time up ranging from a minimum of two quarters to amaximum of three quarters (from the current balance sheet date) and/or amended to include (i) value-to-loan ratio covenants, based on either charter-adjustedvaluations, or charter-free valuations, ranging from over 90% to 130%, and (ii) net total debt divided by total assets, as defined in each senior secured creditfacility, ranging from a maximum of 80% to 90%.As of December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all of the covenants under each of its credit facilities.Navios Acquisition LoanOn September 19, 2016, Navios Holdings entered into a secured credit facility of up to $70.0 million with Navios Acquisition. See also “Item7.B Related party transactions”.Navios Logistics loans2019 Logistics Senior NotesOn April 12, 2011, Navios Logistics and its wholly-owned subsidiary Navios Logistics Finance (US) Inc. (“Logistics Finance” and, together, the“Logistics Co-Issuers”) issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due on April 15, 2019 at a fixed rate of 9.25% (the “Existing2019 Logistics Senior Notes”). On March 12, 2013, the Logistics Co-Issuers issued $90.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 9.25% Logistics SeniorNotes due 2019 (the “Additional 2019 Logistics Senior Notes”, and together with the Existing 2019 Logistics Senior Notes, the “2019 Logistics SeniorNotes”) at a premium, with a price of 103.750%.On May 5, 2014, the Logistics Co-Issuers completed a cash tender offer (the “Tender Offer”) and related solicitation of consents for certainproposed amendments to the indenture governing the 2019 Logistics Senior Notes, for any and all of their outstanding 2019 Logistics Senior Notes. After thepurchase by the Logistics Co-Issuers of all of the 2019 Logistics Senior Notes validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to the consent paymentdeadline, the Logistics Co-Issuers redeemed for cash all the 2019 Logistics Senior Notes that remained outstanding after the completion of the Tender Offer,plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. The effect of this transaction was the recognition of a $27.3 million loss in theconsolidated statement of comprehensive loss under “Loss on bond and debt extinguishment”.2022 Logistics Senior NotesOn April 22, 2014, the Logistics Co-Issuers completed the sale of $375.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2022 LogisticsSenior Notes at a fixed rate of 7.25%. The net proceeds from the sale of 2022 Logistics Senior Notes were partially used to redeem any and all of 2019Logistics Senior Notes and pay related transaction fees and expenses. The 2022 Logistics Senior Notes are unregistered and fully and unconditionallyguaranteed, jointly and severally, by all of Navios Logistics’ direct and indirect subsidiaries except for Horamar do Brasil Navegação Ltda (“Horamar doBrasil”), Naviera Alto Parana S.A. (“Naviera Alto Parana”), and Terra Norte Group S.A. (“Terra Norte”), which are deemed to be immaterial, and LogisticsFinance, which is the co-issuer of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes. The subsidiary guarantees are “full and unconditional”, except that the indenture providesfor an individual subsidiary’s guarantee to be automatically released in certain customary circumstances, such as in connection with a sale or otherdisposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the subsidiary, in connection with the sale of a majority of the capital stock of the subsidiary, if thesubsidiary is designated as an “unrestricted subsidiary” in accordance with the indenture, upon liquidation or dissolution of the subsidiary or upon legal orcovenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes.The Logistics Co-Issuers have the option to redeem the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes in whole or in part, at their option, at any time(i) before May 1, 2017, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus the applicable make-whole premium 90 Table of Contentsplus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date and (ii) on or after May 1, 2017, at a fixed price of 105.438%, which price declines ratablyuntil it reaches par in 2020. At any time before May 1, 2017, the Logistics Co-Issuers may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2022Logistics Senior Notes with the net proceeds of an equity offering at 107.250% of the principal amount of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes, plus accrued andunpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date so long as at least 65% of the originally issued aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notesremains outstanding after such redemption. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain change of control events, the holders of the 2022 Logistics SeniorNotes will have the right to require the Logistics Co-Issuers to repurchase some or all of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes at 101% of their face amount, plusaccrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date.The indenture governing the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes contains covenants which, among other things, limit the incurrence ofadditional indebtedness, issuance of certain preferred stock, the payment of dividends in excess of 6% per annum of the net proceeds received by orcontributed to Navios Logistics in or from any public offering, redemption or repurchase of capital stock or making restricted payments and investments,creation of certain liens, transfer or sale of assets, entering into transactions with affiliates, merging or consolidating or selling all or substantially all ofNavios Logistics properties and assets and creation or designation of restricted subsidiaries.The indenture governing the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes include customary events of default, including failure to pay principal andinterest on the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes, a failure to comply with covenants, a failure by Navios Logistics or any significant subsidiary or any group ofrestricted subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a significant subsidiary to pay material judgments or indebtedness and bankruptcy andinsolvency events with respect to us or any significant subsidiary or any group of restricted subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a significantsubsidiary.As of December 31, 2016, all subsidiaries, including Logistics Finance, Horamar do Brasil, Naviera Alto Parana and Terra Norte are 100%owned. Logistics Finance, Horamar do Brasil, Naviera Alto Parana and Terra Norte do not have any independent assets or operations.In addition, there are no significant restrictions on (i) the ability of the parent company, any issuer (or co-issuer) or any guarantorsubsidiaries of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes to obtain funds by dividend or loan from any of their subsidiaries or (ii) the ability of any subsidiaries totransfer funds to the issuer (or co-issuer) or any guarantor subsidiaries.The Logistics Co-Issuers were in compliance with the covenants as of December 31, 2016.Navios Logistics Notes PayableIn connection with the purchase of mechanical equipment for the expansion of its dry port terminal, Corporacion Navios S.A. (“CNSA”)entered into an unsecured export financing line of credit for a total amount of $42.0 million, including all related fixed financing costs of $5.9 million,available in multiple drawings upon the completion of certain milestones (“Drawdown Events”). CNSA incurs the obligation for the respective amount drawnby signing promissory notes (“Navios Logistics Notes Payable”). Each drawdown is repayable in 16 consecutive semi-annual installments, starting sixmonths after the completion of each Drawdown Event. Together with each Note Payable, CNSA shall pay interest equal to six-month LIBOR. The unsecuredexport financing line is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Navios Logistics. As of December 31, 2016, the remaining available amount was$0.8 million.Navios Logistics BBVA Loan FacilityOn December 15, 2016, Navios Logistics entered into a facility with Banco Bilbao Vizcayan Argentaria Uruguay S.A. (“BBVA”) for anamount of $25.0 million, for general corporate purposes. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR (180 days) plus 325 basis points. The loan is repayable intwenty quarterly installments, starting on June 19, 2017, and secured by assignments of certain receivables. As of December 31, 2016, the outstandingamount of the loan was $25.0 million.Other indebtednessIn connection with the acquisition of Hidronave S.A. on October 29, 2009, Navios Logistics assumed a $0.8 million loan facility that wasentered into by Hidronave S.A. in 2001, in order to finance the construction of the pushboat Nazira. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding loan balancewas $0.3 million ($0.4 million as of December 31, 2015). The loan facility bears interest at a fixed rate of 600 basis points. The loan is repayable in monthlyinstallments of $5,740 each and the final repayment must occur prior to August 10, 2021.During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company paid $40.7 million, of which $21.6 million related to scheduled repaymentinstallments for the year 2016, $13.8 million related to the refinancing of one of its secured credit facilities and $5.3 million related to the balloon paymentsoriginally due in 2019 and 2020. 91 Table of ContentsThe annual weighted average interest rates of the Company’s total borrowings were 6.87%, 6.98% and 7.18% for the year endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.The maturity table below reflects the principal payments for the next five years and thereafter of all borrowings of Navios Holdings(including Navios Logistics) outstanding as of December 31, 2015, based on the repayment schedules of the respective loan facilities and the outstandingamount due under the debt securities. Year Amount inmillions ofU.S. dollars 2017(1) $30.8 2018 109.6 2019 324.8 2020 72.1 2021 29.0 2022 and thereafter 1,109.2 Total $1,675.5 (1)In February 2017, we agreed with one of our financing banks the deferral of principal payments amounting to $3.7 million, originally due in 2017, tobe paid in 2018.Working Capital Position: On December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings’ current assets totaled $273.1 million, while current liabilitiestotaled $251.8 million, resulting in a positive working capital position of $21.3 million. Navios Holdings’ cash forecast indicates that it will generatesufficient cash during 2017 and the first quarter of 2018 to make the required principal and interest payments on its indebtedness, provide for the normalworking capital requirements of the business and remain in a positive working capital position through the first quarter of 2018.While projections indicate that existing cash balances and operating cash flows will be sufficient to service the existing indebtedness,Navios Holdings continues to review its cash flows with a view toward increasing working capital.Capital Expenditures: On January 26, 2014, Navios Holdings entered into agreements to purchase two bulk carrier vessels, one 84,872dwt Panamax vessel and one 181,259 dwt Capesize vessel, to be built in Japan. The vessels’ acquisition prices were $31.8 million and $52.0 million,respectively, and were delivered in January 2016. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, Navios Holdings had paid deposits for both vessels totalling$29.7 million and $22.1 million, respectively. The remaining purchase price of $58.7 million was financed with a $39.9 million loan and the balance withavailable cash.On January 27, 2014, Navios Asia took delivery of the N Bonanza, a 2006-built 76,596 dwt bulk carrier vessel for a purchase price of$17.6 million, of which $2.9 million was paid from the Company’s cash, $3.5 million from the noncontrolling shareholders’ cash and $11.3 million wasfinanced through a loan.On June 4, 2014, Navios Holdings took delivery of the Navios Gem, a 2014-built 181,336 dwt Capesize vessel for a purchase price of$54.4 million, of which $24.4 million was paid in cash and $30.0 million was financed through a loan.On November 24, 2014, Navios Holdings took delivery of the Navios Ray, a 2012-built 179,515 dwt Capesize vessel for a purchase priceof $51.5 million, of which $20.5 million was paid in cash and $31.0 million was financed through a loan.Navios LogisticsOn December 15, 2014, Navios Logistics acquired two companies for a total consideration of $17.0 million, of which $10.2 million waspaid in 2014 and $6.8 million was paid in 2015. These companies, as free zone direct users, hold the right to occupy approximately 53 acres of undevelopedriverfront land located in the Nueva Palmira free zone in Uruguay, adjacent to Navios Logistics’ existing port.On June 30, 2015, Navios Logistics entered into an agreement for the restructuring of its capital leases for the Ferni H and the San San H,by extending their duration until January 2020 and April 2020, respectively, and amending the purchase price obligation to $5.3 million and $5.2 million,respectively, payable at the end of the extended period. As of December 31, 2016, the obligations for these vessels were accounted for as capital leases andthe lease payments during the year ended December 31, 2016 were $3.0 million. 92 Table of ContentsOn February 11, 2014, Navios Logistics entered into an agreement for the construction of three newbuilding pushboats with a purchaseprice of $7.3 million for each pushboat. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Logistics had paid $16.2 million related to the construction of the new pushboats,which are expected to be delivered in the third quarter of 2017.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Logistics had paid $137.7 million relating to the expansion of its dry port terminal in Uruguay, whichincluded deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets and port terminal operating rights. In total, including the contractual obligations as ofDecember 31, 2016, Navios Logistics had paid or incurred $146.4 million relating to the expansion of its dry port terminal in Uruguay.Refer also to “Item 5F. Contractual Obligations as at December 31, 2016”.Concentration of Credit Risk:Accounts receivableConcentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivables are limited due to Navios Holdings’ large number of customers, who areinternationally dispersed and have a variety of end markets in which they sell. Due to these factors, management believes that no additional credit riskbeyond amounts provided for collection losses is inherent in Navios Holdings’ trade receivables. For the year ended December 31, 2016, two customersaccounted for 14.7% and 13.1%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2015, one customer accounted for 15.1% of theCompany’s revenue and for the year ended December 31, 2014, one customer accounted for 11.9% of the Company’s revenue.Cash deposits with financial institutionsCash deposits in excess of amounts covered by government-provided insurance are exposed to loss in the event of non-performance byfinancial institutions. Navios Holdings does maintain cash deposits in excess of government-provided insurance limits. Navios Holdings also reducesexposure to credit risk by dealing with a diversified group of major financial institutions.Effects of Inflation:Navios Holdings does not consider inflation to be a significant risk to the cost of doing business in the foreseeable future. Inflation has amoderate impact on operating expenses, drydocking expenses and corporate overhead.C. Research and development, patents and licenses, etc.Not applicable.D. Trend informationOur results of operations depend primarily on the charter hire rates that we are able to realize for our vessels, which depend on thedemand and supply dynamics characterizing the dry bulk market at any given time. For other trends affecting our business, please see other discussions inItem 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.E. Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementsCharter hire payments to third parties for chartered-in vessels are treated as operating leases for accounting purposes. Navios Holdings isalso committed to making rental payments under operating leases for its office premises. Future minimum rental payments under Navios Holdings’non-cancelable operating leases are included in the contractual obligations schedule below. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings was contingentlyliable for letters of guarantee and letters of credit amounting to $0.6 million issued by various banks in favor of various organizations and the total amountwas collateralized by cash deposits, which were included as a component of restricted cash.In November 2012 (as amended in March 2014), the Company entered into an agreement with Navios Partners (the “Navios PartnersGuarantee”) to provide Navios Partners with guarantees against counterparty default on certain existing charters, which had previously been covered by thecharter insurance for the same vessels, same periods and same amounts. The Navios Partners Guarantee provides for a maximum possible payout of$20.0 million by the Company to Navios Partners. Premiums that are calculated on the same basis as the restructured charter insurance are included in themanagement fee that is paid by Navios Partners to Navios Holdings pursuant to the management agreement. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Partners hassubmitted one claim under this agreement to the Company. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of the claim was estimated at $19.7 million and includedin “Other long-term liabilities and deferred income” in the consolidated balance sheet. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company initiallyrecognized this claim as “Other expense” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss)/ income. 93 Table of ContentsThe Company is involved in various disputes and arbitration proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Provisions havebeen recognized in the financial statements for all such proceedings where the Company believes that a liability may be probable, and for which the amountscan be reasonably estimated, based upon facts known on the date the financial statements were prepared. Although the Company cannot predict withcertainty the ultimate resolutions of these matters, in the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a materialadverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Logistics’ subsidiaries in South America were contingently liable for various claims and penaltiestowards the local tax authorities amounting to a total of less than $0.1 million. According to the Horamar acquisition agreement, if such cases are broughtagainst us, the amounts involved will be reimbursed by the previous shareholders, and, as such, Navios Logistics has recognized a receivable against suchliability. The contingencies are expected to be resolved by 2021. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters is immaterial andwill not adversely affect Navios Logistics’ financial position, results of operations or liquidity.Navios Logistics has issued a guarantee and indemnity letter that guarantees the performance by Petrolera San Antonio S.A. (aconsolidated subsidiary) of all its obligations to Vitol S.A. up to $12.0 million. This guarantee expires on March 1, 2018.Refer also to Item 5F. Contractual Obligation as at December 31, 2016” below.F. Contractual Obligations as at December 31, 2016:Payment due by period ($ in millions) (unaudited) Contractual Obligations Total Less than1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than5 years Long-term debt(1) $1,675.4 $30.8 $434.3 $101.1 $1,109.2 Operating Lease Obligations (Time Charters) for vessels in operation (4) 517.8 110.6 189.1 125.6 92.5 Operating Lease Obligations (Time Charters) for vessels to be delivered 86.5 13.8 23.9 19.8 29.0 Operating Lease Obligations Push Boats and Barges 0.1 0.1 — — — Capital Lease Obligations 17.6 2.6 3.9 11.1 — Navios Logistics contractual payments(3) 19.6 19.6 — — — Rent Obligations(2) 6.5 2.7 3.1 0.7 — Total $2,323.5 $180.2 $654.3 $258.3 $1,230.7 (1)The amount identified does not include interest costs associated with the outstanding credit facilities, which are based on LIBOR rates, plus the costsof complying with any applicable regulatory requirements and a margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.60% per annum. The amount does not includeinterest costs for the 2019 Notes, the 2022 Notes, the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes and the secured credit facility with Navios Acquisition. Theexpected interest payments are: $111.0 million (less than 1 year), $195.6 million (1-3 years), $160.2 million (3-5 years) and $17.6 million (more than 5years). Expected interest payments are based on outstanding principal amounts, currently applicable effective interest rates and margins as ofDecember 31, 2016, timing of scheduled payments and the term of the debt obligations. Also, in February 2017, we agreed with one of our financingbanks on the deferral of principal payments amounting to $3.7 million, originally due in 2017, to be paid in 2018.(2)The table above incorporates the lease obligations of the offices of Navios Holdings and of Navios Logistics. See also Item 4.B. “Business Overview —Facilities.”(3)Navios Logistics’ future remaining contractual payments for the acquisition of three new pushboats, expected to be delivered in the third quarter of2017, and the payment for works related to the expansion of its dry port facility of $10.9 million and $8.7 million, respectively. The expansion of itsdry port is expected to be financed through committed export financing up to $0.8 million (including all costs related to the export financing).(4)Approximately 41% of the time charter payments included above is estimated to relate to operational costs for these vessels.Refer to “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions” for Navios Partners Guarantee (as defined herein), not reflected in the table above.Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will make available to Navios Europe I revolving loans of up to $24.1 millionto fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans I”). As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings’ portion of the undrawnamount relating to the Navios Revolving Loans was $4.3 million. 94 Table of ContentsNavios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will make available to Navios Europe II revolving loans of up to $43.5 millionto fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans II”). As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings’ portion of the undrawnamount relating to the Navios Revolving Loans II was $6.7 million.Refer also to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in “Recent Developments”.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe Navios Holdings’ consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of thesefinancial statements requires Navios Holdings to make estimates in the application of its accounting policies based on the best assumptions, judgments andopinions of management. Following is a discussion of the accounting policies that involve a higher degree of judgment and the methods of their applicationthat affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of itsfinancial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.Critical accounting policies are those that reflect significant judgments or uncertainties, and potentially result in materially differentresults under different assumptions and conditions. Navios Holdings has described below what it believes are its most critical accounting policies thatinvolve a high degree of judgment and the methods of their application. For a description of all of Navios Holdings’ significant accounting policies, see Note2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.Use of Estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to makeestimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of thefinancial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an on-going basis, management evaluates theestimates and judgments, including those related to uncompleted voyages, future drydock dates, the assessment of “other-than-temporary” impairmentrelated to the carrying value of investments in affiliates, the selection of useful lives for tangible assets, expected future cash flows from long-lived assets tosupport impairment tests, impairment test for goodwill, provisions necessary for accounts receivables and demurrages, provisions for legal disputes, pensionbenefits, contingencies, and guarantees. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that arebelieved to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilitiesthat are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions and/or conditions.Stock-based Compensation: In December 2016, the Company authorized the grant of restricted share units and share appreciation rights.In December 2015 and 2014, the Company authorized the issuance of shares of restricted common stock, restricted stock units and stock options inaccordance with the Company’s stock option plan for its employees, officers and directors. These awards of restricted share units, share appreciation rights,restricted common stock, restricted stock units and stock options are based on service conditions only and vest over three years. In December 2014 and 2013,the Company also authorized the issuance of shares of restricted common stock, restricted stock units and stock options for its employees, officers anddirectors that vest upon achievement of certain internal performance criteria including certain targets on operational performance and cost efficiency.The fair value of share appreciation rights and stock option grants is determined with reference to option pricing model and principallyadjusted Black-Scholes models. The fair value of restricted share units, restricted stock and restricted stock units is determined by reference to the quotedstock price on the date of grant. Compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized based on a graded expense model over the vesting period.Compensation expense for the awards that vest upon achievement of the performance criteria is recognized when it is probable that the performance criteriawill be met and are being accounted for as equity.Impairment of Long Lived Assets: Vessels, other fixed assets and other long-lived assets held and used by Navios Holdings are reviewedperiodically for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular asset may not be fullyrecoverable. Navios Holdings’ management evaluates the carrying amounts and periods over which long-lived assets are depreciated to determine if events orchanges in circumstances have occurred that would require modification to their carrying values or useful lives. In evaluating useful lives and carrying valuesof long-lived assets, certain indicators of potential impairment are reviewed, such as undiscounted projected operating cash flows, vessel sales and purchases,business plans and overall market conditions.Undiscounted projected net operating cash flows are determined for each asset group and compared to the carrying value of the vessel,the unamortized portion of deferred drydock and special survey costs related to the vessel and the related carrying value of the intangible assets with respectto the time charter agreement attached to that vessel or the carrying value of deposits for newbuildings. Within the shipping industry, vessels are customarilybought and sold with a charter attached. The value of the charter may be favorable or unfavorable when comparing the charter rate to then-current marketrates. The loss recognized either on impairment (or on disposition) will reflect the excess of carrying value over fair value (selling price) for the vessel assetgroup. 95 Table of ContentsDuring the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016, management concluded that events occurred and circumstances had changed, whichindicated that potential impairment of Navios Holdings’ long-lived assets might exist. These indicators included continued deterioration in the spot market,and the related impact of the current dry bulk sector has on management’s expectation for future revenues. As a result, an impairment assessment of long-lived assets (step one) was performed.The Company determined undiscounted projected net operating cash flows for each vessel and compared it to the vessel’s carrying valuetogether with the carrying value of deferred drydock and special survey costs related to the vessel and the carrying value of the related intangible assets, ifapplicable. The significant factors and assumptions used in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow analysis included: determining the projectednet operating cash flows by considering the charter revenues from existing time charters for the fixed fleet days (the Company’s remaining charter agreementrates) and an estimated daily time charter equivalent for the unfixed days (based on a combination of one-year average historical time charter rates and10-year average historical one-year time charter rates, adjusted for outliers) over the remaining economic life of each vessel, net of brokerage and addresscommissions, excluding days of scheduled off-hires, running cost based on current year actuals, assuming an annual increase of 0.8% after 2017 and autilization rate of 99.2% based on the fleet’s historical performance.The assessment concluded that step two of the impairment analysis was not required and no impairment of vessels and the relatedintangible assets existed as of December 31, 2016, as the undiscounted projected net operating cash flows exceeded the carrying value.In the event that impairment would occur, the fair value of the related asset would be determined and an impairment charge would berecorded to operations calculated by comparing the asset’s carrying value to its fair value. Fair value is typically estimated primarily through the use of third-party valuations performed on an individual vessel basis.Although management believes the underlying assumptions supporting this assessment are reasonable, if the charter rate trends and thelength of the current market downturn vary significantly from our forecasts, Navios Holdings may be exposed to material impairment charges in the future.No impairment loss was recognized for any of the periods presented.In connection with its impairment testing on its vessels as of December 31, 2016, the Company performs a sensitivity analysis on themost sensitive and/or subjective assumptions that have the potential to affect the outcome of the test, principally the projected charter rate used to forecastfuture cash flows for unfixed days. In that regard, there would continue to be no impairment required to be recognized on any of the Company’s vessels whenassuming a decline in the 10-year average (of the one-year charter rate for similar vessels), which is the rate that the Company uses to forecast future cashflows for unfixed days, ranging from 3.9% to 66.4% (depending on the vessel).As of December 31, 2016, the 10-year historical average rates for the Company’s vessels (which naturally varies by type of vessel) usedin determining future cash flows for purposes of its impairment analysis were 158.3% higher than the daily time charter equivalent rate of the owned fleetachieved in the fiscal year 2016 of $8,220 per day.In addition, the Company compared the 10-year historical average (of the one-year charter rate for similar vessels) with the five-year,three-year and one-year historical averages (of the one-year charter rate for similar vessels). A comparison of the 10-year historical average (of the one-yearcharter rate) and the five-year, three-year and one-year historical averages (of the one-year charter rate for similar vessels) is as follows (as of December 31,2016): Historical Average of One-year Charter Rates(over Various Periods) vs. the 10-year Historical Average(of the One-Year Charter Rate) 5-Year Average 3-Year Average 1-Year Average (% below the 10-year average) Handysize (37.9%) (40.4%) (53.5%) Ultra-Handymax (45.3%) (48.5%) (61.7%) Panamax (50.6%) (52.5%) (64.4%) Capesize (55.6%) (56.7%) (74.3%) If testing for impairment using the five-year, three-year and one-year historical averages (of the one-year charter rate for similar vessels) inlieu of the 10-year historical average (of the one-year charter rate for similar vessels), the Company estimates that 21, 23 and 40 of its vessels, respectively,would have carrying values in excess of their projected undiscounted future cash flows.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company owns and operates a fleet of 40 and 38 (not including two newbuilding vessels whichwere delivered in January 2016), respectively, with an aggregate carrying value of $1,426.7 million as of December 31, 96 Table of Contents2016, including the carrying value of existing time charters on its fleet of vessels. On a vessel-by-vessel basis, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, thecarrying value of 40 and 37 of the Company’s vessels, respectively, (including the carrying value of the time charter, if any, on the specified vessel) exceedsthe estimated fair value of those same vessels (including the estimated fair value of the time charter, if any, on the specified vessel) by approximately$874.5 million and $797.5 million, respectively, in the aggregate (the unrealized loss).A vessel-by-vessel summary as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 follows (with an * indicating those individual vessels whose carrying valueexceeds its estimated fair value, including the related time charter): Vessel YearBuilt Purchase Price(in millions) (1) Carrying Value(as of December 31, 2016)(in millions) (1) Carrying Value(as of December 31, 2015)(in millions) (1) Navios Serenity 2011 $26.7 $22.2* $22.5* Navios Ionian (2) 2000 31.1 15.4* 17.1* Navios Celestial 2009 34.5 25.5* 26.9* Navios Vector 2002 31.4 20.5* 22.5* Navios Horizon 2001 22.9 12.3* 12.8* Navios Herakles 2001 32.7 16.4* 18.1* Navios Achilles 2001 32.9 17.1* 17.7* Navios Meridian 2002 25.7 13.9* 15.2* Navios Mercator 2002 25.2 13.7* 14.9* Navios Arc 2003 25.7 14.4* 15.6* Navios Hios 2003 35.2 19.0* 20.6* Navios Kypros 2003 35.1 18.9* 20.5* Navios Ulysses 2007 79.1 52.0* 55.4* Navios Vega 2009 72.4 50.6* 53.5* Navios Astra 2006 23.9 18.1* 18.0* Navios Magellan 2000 29.5 14.8* 16.3* Navios Star 2002 28.7 16.1* 17.6* Navios Asteriks 2005 53.6 33.1* 35.5* Navios Centaurus 2012 37.1 30.9* 32.2* Navios Avior 2012 39.1 32.8* 34.1* Navios Bonavis 2009 121.1 87.4* 92.0* Navios Happiness 2009 121.8 88.0* 92.6* Navios Lumen 2009 113.0 83.6* 88.0* Navios Stellar 2009 95.5 71.2* 74.8* Navios Phoenix 2009 106.5 78.8* 82.9* Navios Antares 2010 116.2 86.4* 90.9* Navios Etoile 2010 66.8 52.7* 52.7 Navios Bonheur 2010 69.4 54.8* 57.3* Navios Altamira 2011 56.1 45.0* 46.9* Navios Azimuth 2011 56.3 45.3* 47.3* Navios Galileo 2006 18.4 15.7* 16.7* Navios Northern Star 2005 17.3 14.8* 15.7* Navios Amitie 2005 17.4 14.9* 15.8* Navios Taurus 2005 17.4 14.7* 15.7* N Amalthia 2006 18.0 15.5* 16.2* N Bonanza 2006 18.5 16.1* 17.2* Navios Gem 2014 54.4 49.6* 51.5* Navios Ray 2012 51.6 47.6* 49.5* Navios Sphera 2016 34.4 33.2* — Navios Mars 2016 55.5 53.7* — $1,948.1 $1,426.7 $1,413.2 (1)All amounts include related time charter, if any.(2)Agreed to be sold.Although the aforementioned excess of carrying value over fair value represents an estimate of the loss that the Company would sustainon a hypothetical disposition of those vessels as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the recognition of the unrealized loss 97 Table of Contentsabsent a disposition (i.e. as an impairment) would require, among other things, that a triggering event had occurred and that the undiscounted cash flowsattributable to the vessel are also less than the carrying value of the vessel (including the carrying value of the time charter, if any, on the specified vessel).Vessels, Port Terminals, Tanker Vessels, Barges, Pushboats and Other Fixed Assets, net: Vessels, port terminals, tanker vessels, barges,pushboats and other fixed assets acquired as parts of business combinations are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition, and if acquired as an assetacquisition, are recorded at cost (including transaction costs). Vessels constructed by the company would be stated at historical cost, which consists of thecontract price, capitalized interest and any material expenses incurred upon acquisition (improvements and delivery expenses). Subsequent expenditures formajor improvements and upgrades are capitalized, provided they appreciably extend the life, increase the earnings capability or improve the efficiency orsafety of the vessels. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the accounts at the time of sale or retirementand any gain or loss is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income.Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.Depreciation is computed using the straight line method over the useful life of the vessels, port terminal, tanker vessels, barges, pushboats and other fixed assets, after considering the estimated residual value.Annual depreciation rates used, which approximate the useful life of the assets are: Vessels 25 yearsPort terminals 5 to 40 yearsTanker vessels, barges and push boats 15 to 45 yearsFurniture, fixtures and equipment 3 to 10 yearsComputer equipment and software 5 yearsLeasehold improvements shorter of lease term or 6 yearsManagement estimates the residual values of our dry bulk vessels based on a scrap value cost of steel times the weight of the ship notedin lightweight tons (“LWT”). Residual values are periodically reviewed and revised to recognize changes in conditions, new regulations or other reasons.Revisions of residual values affect the depreciable amount of the vessels and the depreciation expense in the period of the revision and future periods.Management estimates the residual values of the Company’s vessels based on a scrap rate of $340 per LWT after considering current market trends for scraprates and ten-year average historical scrap rates of the residual values of the Company’s vessels.Management estimates the useful life of its vessels to be 25 years from the vessel’s original construction. However, when regulationsplace limitations on the ability of a vessel to trade on a worldwide basis, its useful life is re-estimated to end at the date such regulations become effective. Anincrease in the useful life of a vessel or in its residual value would have the effect of decreasing the annual depreciation charge and extending it into laterperiods. A decrease in the useful life of a vessel or in its residual value would have the effect of increasing the annual depreciation charge.Deferred Drydock and Special Survey Costs: The Company’s vessels, barges and push boats are subject to regularly scheduleddrydocking and special surveys which are carried out every 30 and 60 months, respectively, for ocean-going vessels, and every 84 months for push boats andbarges, to coincide with the renewal of the related certificates issued by the classification societies, unless a further extension is obtained in rare cases andunder certain conditions. The costs of drydocking and special surveys are deferred and amortized over the above periods or to the next drydocking or specialsurvey date if such has been determined. Unamortized drydocking or special survey costs of vessels, barges and push boats sold are written-off to income inthe year the vessel, barge or pushboat is sold.Costs capitalized as part of the drydocking or special survey consist principally of the actual costs incurred at the yard, and expensesrelating to spare parts, paints, lubricants and services incurred solely during the drydocking or special survey period.Goodwill and Other Intangibles:(i) Goodwill: Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually.The Company evaluates impairment of goodwill using a two-step process. First, the aggregate fair value of the reporting unit is comparedto its carrying amount, including goodwill (step one). The Company determines the fair value of the reporting unit based on a combination of the incomeapproach (i.e. discounted cash flows) and market approach (i.e. comparative market multiples) and believes that the combination of these two approaches isthe best indicator of fair value for its individual reporting units. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying amount, no impairment exists. If thecarrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, then 98 Table of Contentsthe Company must perform the second step (step two) to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill and compare it with its carryingamount. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all the assets and liabilities of that reportingunit, as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price. If the carryingamount of the goodwill exceeds the implied fair value, then goodwill impairment is recognized by writing the goodwill down to its implied fair value.As of December 31, 2016, the Company performed its impairments test for its reporting units within: the Dry Bulk Vessel Operations andthe Logistics Business. During the fourth quarter 2016, the overall shipping market continued to experience significant deteriorating market conditions,especially in the dry bulk sector with sharp declines in freight rates, charter rates and vessel values. Additionally, the Company’s market capitalizationcontinued to deteriorate to levels well below the carrying value of its total net assets.As of December 31, 2016, the Company performed step one of the impairment test for the Dry Bulk Vessel Operations reporting unit,which is allocated goodwill of $56.2 million. Step one impairment test revealed that the fair value of the Dry Bulk Vessel Operations reporting unit exceededthe carrying amount of its net assets. Accordingly, no step two analysis was required.The fair value of the Dry Bulk Vessel Operations reporting unit was estimated using a combination of income and market approaches. Forthe income approach, the expected present value of future cash flows used judgments and assumptions that management believes were appropriate in thecircumstances. The significant factors and assumptions the Company used in its discounted cash flow analysis included: EBITDA, the discount rate used tocalculate the present value of future cash flows and future capital expenditures. EBITDA assumptions included revenue assumptions, general andadministrative expense growth assumptions, and direct vessel expense growth assumptions. The future cash flows were determined by considering the charterrevenues from existing time charters for the fixed fleet days (the Company’s remaining charter agreement rates) and an estimated daily time charter equivalentfor the non-fixed days (based on a combination of one-year average historical time charter rates and the 10-year average historical one-year time charter ratesadjusted for outliers), which the Company believes is an objective approach for forecasting charter rates over an extended time period for long lived assets. Inaddition, a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) was used to discount future estimated cash flows to their present values. The WACC was based onexternally observable data considering market participants’ and the Company’s cost of equity and debt, optimal capital structure and risk factors specific tothe Company. The market approach estimated the fair value of the Company’s business based on comparable publicly-traded companies in its industry. Inassessing the fair value, the Company utilized the results of the valuations and considered the range of fair values determined under all methods whichindicated that the fair value exceeded the carrying value of net assets.As of December 31, 2016, the Company performed step one of the impairment test for the Logistics Business, which is allocated goodwillof $104.1 million. Step one of the impairment test used the income method and revealed that the fair value exceeded the carrying amount of its net assets.Accordingly, no step two analysis was required. The future cash flows from the Logistics Business were determined principally by combining revenues fromexisting contracts and estimated revenues based on the historical performance of the segment, including utilization rates and actual storage capacity. TheLogistics Business has not been affected by the same deteriorating industry and market conditions as experienced in the Dry Bulk Vessel Operationsreporting unit. In addition, the cash flows of the long-lived assets in the Logistics Business have not experienced a significant decline.No impairment loss was recognized for any of the periods presented.(ii) Intangibles Other Than Goodwill: Navios Holdings’ intangible assets and liabilities consist of favorable lease terms, unfavorablelease terms, customer relationships, trade name and port terminal operating rights. The fair value of the trade name was determined based on the “relief fromroyalty” method which values the trade name based on the estimated amount that a company would have to pay in an arm’s length transaction to use thattrade name. The asset is being amortized under the straight line method over 32 years. Navios Logistics’ trade name is being amortized under the straight linemethod over 10 years.The fair value of customer relationships of Navios Logistics was determined based on the “excess earnings” method, which relies uponthe future cash flow generating ability of the asset. The asset is amortized under the straight line method.Other intangibles that are being amortized, such as customer relationships and port terminal operating rights, would be consideredimpaired if their carrying value could not be recovered from the future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset.When intangible assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition of a vessel are identified, they are recorded at fair value. Fair value isdetermined by reference to market data and the discounted amount of expected future cash flows. Where charter rates are higher than market charter rates, anasset is recorded, being the difference between the acquired charter rate and the market charter rate for an equivalent vessel. Where charter rates are less thanmarket charter rates, a liability is recorded, being the difference between the assumed charter rate and the market charter rate for an equivalent vessel. Thedetermination of the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities requires the Company to make significant assumptions and estimates of manyvariables including market charter rates, expected future charter rates, the level of utilization of the Company’s vessels and the Company’s weighted averagecost of capital. The use of different assumptions could result in a material change in the fair value of these items, which could have a material impact on theCompany’s financial position and results of operations. 99 Table of ContentsThe amortizable value of favorable and unfavorable leases is amortized over the remaining life of the lease term and the amortizationexpense is included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income in the “Depreciation and Amortization” line item.The amortizable value of favorable leases would be considered impaired if its fair market value could not be recovered from the futureundiscounted cash flows associated with the asset. Vessel purchase options that have not been exercised, which are included in favorable lease terms, are notamortized and would be considered impaired if the carrying value of an option, when added to the option price of the vessel, exceeded the fair value of thevessel. As of December 31, 2016, there was no impairment of intangible assets.Vessel purchase options that are included in favorable leases are not amortized and when the purchase option is exercised, the asset iscapitalized as part of the cost of the vessel and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the vessel and if not exercised, the intangible asset is written off.Vessel purchase options that are included in unfavorable lease terms are not amortized and when the purchase option is exercised by the charterer and theunderlying vessel is sold, it will be recorded as part of gain/loss on sale of the assets. If the option is not exercised at the expiration date it is written-off in theconsolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income.The weighted average amortization periods for intangible assets/liabilities are: Intangible Assets/Liabilities Years Trade name 21.0 Favorable lease terms 12.0 Port terminal operating rights 20.0-45.0 Customer relationships 20.0 Investments in Equity Securities: Navios Holdings evaluates its investments in Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners, Navios Europe I,Navios Europe II, KLC and STX for other than temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. Consideration is given to (i) the length of time and the extent towhich the fair value has been less than the carrying value, (ii) their financial condition and near-term prospects, and (iii) the intent and ability of theCompany to retain its investment in these companies for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.Navios Holdings considers whether the fair values of its equity method investments have declined below their carrying values wheneveradverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If we consider any such decline to be “other-than-temporary” (based on various factors, including historical financial results, economic and industry events resulting in changes in the affiliate’s tradingperformance and the overall health of the affiliate’s industry), then we would write down the carrying amount of the investment to its estimated fair value.As of December 31, 2016, the Company considered the decline in fair value of its investment in Navios Partners and Navios Acquisitionas “other-than-temporary” and therefore recognized a loss of $228.0 million in the accompanying consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.As of June 30, 2016, the Company considered the decline in fair value of the KLC and STX shares as “other-than-temporary” andtherefore recognized a loss of $0.3 million out of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The respective loss was included in other (expense)/ income, net inthe accompanying consolidated statement of comprehensive loss. During the third quarter of 2016, the Company sold all KLC and STX securities held.As of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, the Company considered the decline in fair value of the KLC shares as “other-than-temporary” and therefore, recognized a loss out of accumulated other comprehensive income /(loss) of $1.8 million and $11.5 million, respectively. Therespective loss was included in other expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss)/ income. 100 Table of ContentsRecent Accounting PronouncementsFor a description of Navios Holdings’ recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, included herein.G. Safe HarborApplicable to the extent the disclosures in Item 5.E and 5.F above are eligible for the statutory safe harbor protections provided toforward-looking statements.Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesA. Directors and Senior ManagementThe current board of directors, executive officers and significant employees are as follows: Name Age PositionAngeliki Frangou 52 Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive OfficerGeorge Achniotis 52 Chief Financial OfficerTed C. Petrone* 62 Vice Chairman of Navios CorporationVasiliki Papaefthymiou 48 Executive Vice President - Legal and DirectorAnna Kalathakis 47 Chief Legal Risk OfficerShunji Sasada 58 President of Navios Corporation and DirectorLeonidas Korres 41 Senior Vice President - Business DevelopmentEfstratios Desypris 43 Chief Financial ControllerIoannis Karyotis 41 Senior Vice President - Strategic PlanningErifili Tsironi 42 Senior Vice President – Credit ManagementSpyridon Magoulas 63 DirectorJohn Stratakis 52 DirectorEfstathios Loizos 55 DirectorGeorge Malanga 59 Director *Significant employeeAngeliki Frangou has been our Chairman and CEO since August 25, 2005. In addition, Ms. Frangou has been the Chairman and ChiefExecutive Officer of Navios Maritime Partners L.P. (NYSE: NMM), an affiliated limited partnership, since August 2007, the Chairman and Chief ExecutiveOfficer of Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation (NYSE: NNA), an affiliated corporation, since March, 2008 and the Chairman and Chief ExecutiveOfficer of Navios Maritime Midstream Partners L.P. (NYSE: NAP), an affiliated limited partnership since October 2014. Ms. Frangou has been the Chairmanof the Board of Directors of Navios Logistics since its inception in December 2007. Previously, Ms. Frangou served as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer andPresident of International Shipping Enterprises Inc., which acquired Navios Holdings. From 1990 until August 2005, Ms. Frangou was the Chief ExecutiveOfficer of Maritime Enterprises Management S.A. and its predecessor company, which specialized in the management of dry cargo vessels. Ms. Frangou is theChairman of IRF European Finance Investments Ltd., listed on the SFM of the London Stock Exchange. Ms. Frangou is Member of the Board of the UnitedKingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Bermuda) Limited, Vice Chairman of China Classification Society Mediterranean Committee, amember of the International General Committee and of the 101 Table of ContentsHellenic and Black Sea Committee of Bureau Veritas, as well as a member of Greek Committee of Nippon Kaiji Kyokai. Since March 2016, Ms. Frangou is aMember of the DNV GL Greek National Committee. Since February 2015, Ms. Frangou is a Member of the Board of the Union of Greek Shipowners. SinceOctober 2015, Ms. Frangou has been a Member of the Board of Trustees of Fairleigh Dickinson University. Since July 2013, Ms. Frangou has been a memberof the Board of Visitors of the Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science. Ms. Frangou received a bachelor’s degree in mechanicalengineering, summa cum laude , from Fairleigh Dickinson University and a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from Columbia University.George Achniotis has been Navios Holdings’ Chief Financial Officer since April 12, 2007. Prior to being appointed Chief FinancialOfficer of Navios Holdings, Mr. Achniotis served as Senior Vice President-Business Development of Navios Holdings from August 2006 to April 2007.Before joining Navios Holdings, Mr. Achniotis was a partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers (“PwC”) in Greece, heading the Piraeus office and the firm’sshipping practice. He became a partner at PwC in 1999 when he set up and headed the firm’s internal audit services department from which all SOXimplementation and consultation projects were performed. Mr. Achniotis is currently a Director and Executive Vice President-Business Development ofNavios Partners; a New York Stock Exchange traded limited partnership, which is an affiliate of Navios Holdings. He has more than 19 years’ experience inthe accounting profession with work experience in England, Cyprus and Greece. Mr. Achniotis qualified as a Chartered Accountant in England and Wales in1991, and holds a Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Manchester.Ted C. Petrone became Vice Chairman of Navios Corporation in January 2015 having previously served as a director of NaviosHoldings from May 2007 to January 2015 and President of Navios Corporation from September 2006 to January 2015. Mr. Petrone has served in the maritimeindustry for 40 years, 36 of which he has spent with Navios Holdings. After joining Navios Holdings as an assistant vessel operator, Mr. Petrone worked invarious operational and commercial positions. Mr. Petrone was previously responsible for all aspects of the daily commercial activity, encompassing thetrading of tonnage, derivative hedge positions and cargoes. Mr. Petrone is currently also a director of Navios Acquisition, a New York Stock Exchange listedcompany, and an affiliate of the Company; and has served in such capacity since June 2008. Mr. Petrone graduated from New York Maritime College at FortSchuyler with a Bachelor of Science degree in maritime transportation. He has served aboard U.S. Navy (Military Sealift Command) tankers.Vasiliki Papaefthymiou has been Executive Vice President — Legal and a member of Navios Holdings’ board of directors since itsinception, and prior to that was a member of the board of directors of ISE. Ms. Papaefthymiou has served as general counsel for Maritime EnterprisesManagement S.A. since October 2001, where she has advised the Company on shipping, corporate and finance legal matters. Ms. Papaefthymiou providedsimilar services as general counsel to Franser Shipping from October 1991 to September 2001. Ms. Papaefthymiou received her undergraduate degree fromthe Law School of the University of Athens and a master degree in Maritime Law from Southampton University in the United Kingdom. Ms. Papaefthymiou isadmitted to practice law before the Bar in Piraeus, Greece.Anna Kalathakis has been Chief Legal Risk Officer since November 2012, and Senior Vice President — Legal Risk Management ofNavios Maritime Holdings Inc. from December 2005 until October 2012. Before joining Navios Holdings, Ms. Kalathakis was the General Manager of theGreek office of A. Bilbrough & Co. Ltd. and an Associate Director of the Company (Managers of the London Steam-Ship Owners’ Mutual InsuranceAssociation Limited). She has previously worked for a U.S. maritime law firm in New Orleans, was admitted to practice law in the state of Louisiana in 1995,and has also worked in a similar capacity at a London maritime law firm. She qualified as a solicitor in England and Wales in 1999 and was admitted topractice law before the Bar in Piraeus, Greece in 2003. She has studied International Relations at Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (1991). She holdsan MBA from European University at Brussels (1992) and a J.D. from Tulane Law School (1995).Shunji Sasada became a director of Navios Holdings and President of Navios Corporation in January 2015. Mr. Sasada has also served asa director in Navios Maritime Partners L.P. since August 2007 and as a director in Navios Maritime Midstream Partners L.P. since October 2014. Previously,as Chief Operating Officer of Navios Corporation and Senior Vice President of Fleet Development, he headed Navios Holdings’ program for the growth anddevelopment of the Company’s long-term chartered-in and owned tonnage. Mr. Sasada started his shipping career in 1981 in Japan with MOSK’s O.S.K.Lines, Ltd. (“MOSK”). Mr. Sasada’s first position with MOSK was in steel products in the Tokyo branch as a salesman for exporting steel products toworldwide destinations. Two years later, Mr. Sasada moved to the tramp section in “MOSK’s” bulk carrier division and was in charge of operations and thenof chartering 20-40 smaller Handysize vessels between 21,000 dwt and 35,000 dwt. In 1991, Mr. Sasada moved to Norway to join Trinity Bulk Carriers as itschartering manager as well as subsidiary board member, representing MOSK as one of the shareholders. After an assignment in Norway, Mr. Sasada moved toLondon and started MOSK’s own Ultra Handymax operation as its General Manager. Mr. Sasada joined Navios Holdings in May 1997. Mr. Sasada is themember of the North American Committee of Nippon Kaiji Kyokai. He is a graduate of Keio University, Tokyo, with a B.A. degree in Business and he is amember of the Board of Trustees of Keio Academy of New York.Leonidas Korres has been our Senior Vice President — Business Development since January 2010. Mr. Korres is also the ChiefFinancial Officer of Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation since April 2010. Mr. Korres served as the Special Secretary for Public Private Partnerships inthe Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Hellenic Republic from October 2005 until November 2009. Prior to that, from April 2004 to October 2005,Mr. Korres served as Special Financial Advisor to the Minister of Economy and Finance of the Hellenic Republic and as liquidator of the OrganizationalCommittee for the Olympic Games Athens 2004 S.A. From 2001 to 102 Table of Contents2004, Mr. Korres worked as a Senior Financial Advisor for KPMG Corporate Finance. From October 2007 until January 2010, Mr. Korres was a member of theboard of directors of Navios Partners. From May 2003 to December 2006, Mr. Korres was Chairman of the Center for Employment and Entrepreneurship, aNon-Profit Company. From June 2008 until February 2009, Mr. Korres served as a board member and audit committee member of HellenicTelecommunications Organization S.A. (trading on the Athens and New York Stock Exchanges). From June 2004 until November 2009, Mr. Korres served onthe board of Hellenic Olympic Properties S.A., which was responsible for exploiting the Olympic venues. Mr. Korres earned his Bachelor’s degree inEconomics from the Athens University of Economics and Business and his master’s degree in Finance from the University of London.Efstratios Desypris has been our Chief Financial Controller since February 2011. Mr. Desypris has previously served as FinancialController since May 2006. Mr. Desypris is also a director and Senior Vice President of Navios Maritime Midstream Partners L.P. since October 2014. Inaddition, Mr. Desypris is the Chief Financial Officer of Navios Maritime Partners since January 2010. He also serves as Senior Vice President — StrategicPlanning and Director of Navios Logistics, and as director in Navios Europe Inc. Before joining Navios Group, Mr. Desypris worked for 9 years in theaccounting profession, most recently as manager of the audit department at Ernst & Young in Greece. Mr. Desypris started his career as an auditor with ArthurAndersen & Co. in 1997. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from the University of Piraeus.Ioannis Karyotis has been our Senior Vice President — Strategic Planning since February 2011. Mr. Karyotis is also Chief FinancialOfficer of Navios Logistics since March 2011. Prior to joining the Company, from 2006 until 2011, Mr. Karyotis was Consultant and later Project Leader atThe Boston Consulting Group (BCG), an international management consulting firm. From 2003 until 2005, Mr. Karyotis was Senior Equity Analyst atEurocorp Securities, a Greek brokerage house, and in 2003, he was Senior Analyst in the Corporate Finance Department at HSBC Pantelakis Securities, asubsidiary of HSBC Bank. Mr. Karyotis began his career in 2002 with Marfin Hellenic Securities as Equity Analyst. He received his bachelor’s degree inEconomics from the Athens University of Economics and Business (1998). He holds a master’s of Science in Finance and Economics from the London Schoolof Economics (1999) and an MBA from INSEAD (2006).Erifili Tsironi has been our Senior Vice President – Credit Management since October 2014. Ms. Tsironi is also Chief Financial Officerof Navios Maritime Midstream Partners LP. Ms. Tsironi has over 17 years of experience in ship finance. Before joining the Company, she was the Senior VicePresident—Global Dry Bulk Sector Coordinator of DVB Bank SE. Ms. Tsironi joined DVB Bank SE in 2000 serving as Assistant Local Manager and SeniorRelationship Manager. Previously, she served as account manager in ANZ Investment Bank / ANZ Grindlays Bank Ltd from May 1997 until December 1999.Ms. Tsironi holds a BSc. in Economics, awarded with Honours, from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a MSc in Shipping, Tradeand Finance, awarded with Distinction, from Cass Business School of City University in London.Spyridon Magoulas has been a member of Navios Holdings’ Board of Directors since its inception, and prior to that was a member of theboard of directors of ISE. Mr. Magoulas is the co-founder and director of Doric Shipbrokers S.A., a chartering firm based in Athens, Greece, and has served asthe managing director of Doric Shipbrokers S.A. since its formation in 1994. From 1982 to 1993, Mr. Magoulas was chartering director and shipbroker forNicholas G. Moundreas Shipping S.A., a company located in Piraeus, Greece, and from 1980 to 1982, Mr. Magoulas served at Orion and Global CharteringInc. in New York. Mr. Magoulas received a bachelor’s degree in Economics (honors) from the City University of New York, New York, a master’s degree inTransportation Management from the Maritime College in New York and a master degree in Political Economy from the New School for Social Research inNew York. In addition to his role on the Board of Directors, Mr. Magoulas also serves as a member of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee andthe Nominating and Governance Committee. Mr. Magoulas is an independent director.John Stratakis has been a member of Navios Holdings’ Board of Directors since its inception, and prior to that was a member of theboard of directors of ISE. Since 1994, Mr. Stratakis has been a partner with the law firm of Poles, Tublin, Stratakis & Gonzalez, LLP, in New York, New York,where he specializes in all aspects of marine finance and admiralty law, real estate, trusts and estates and general corporate law. From 1992 to 1993,Mr. Stratakis was an associate attorney with Wilson, Elser, Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker, in New York, New York. Mr. Stratakis also has been a director andthe President of the Hellenic-American Chamber of Commerce in New York. He serves on the board of New York Maritime Inc., an association that promotesthe New York region as a maritime business center. Mr. Stratakis received a Bachelor of Arts (cum laude) from Trinity College and a Juris Doctor degree fromWashington College of Law at American University. Mr. Stratakis is admitted to practice law in the State of New York and in the courts of the Southern andEastern Districts of New York. In addition to his role on the Board of Directors, Mr. Stratakis also serves as chairman of the Nominating and GovernanceCommittee and a member of the Compensation Committee. Mr. Stratakis is an independent director.Efstathios Loizos was appointed to our Board of Directors in July 2010. Mr. Loizos was also director of Navios Partners from October2007 until June 2010. In October 2008, Mr. Loizos joined the Managing Team of ION S.A., a leading Greek chocolate and cocoa group of companies, withthe responsibility of supervising MABEL S.A., one of the affiliated companies of the group. In June 2010, Mr. Loizos was appointed to the Board of Directorsof ION S.A. and assumed enlarged executive responsibilities within the group. Since March 2014, Mr. Loizos serves as the CEO of the affiliated companyINTERION S.A., which operates in Bulgaria. In May 2010, Mr. Loizos was elected as a member of the Board of Directors of IOBE (Foundation of Economicand Industrial Research). Between 103 Table of Contents2001 and 2008, Mr. Loizos served as the General Manager and a member of the Board of Directors of ELSA S.A., a Greek steel packaging company, and alsoas the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of its affiliated company ATLAS S.A. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Loizos served as the President of theInternational Packaging Association and as the Vice President of the Greek Association of Steel Packaging Manufacturers. Mr. Loizos received a Maitrise enSciences Economiques from the University of Strasbourg and an M.B.A. in Finance from New York University. Mr. Loizos also serves as Chairman of theAudit Committee and chairman of the Compensation Committee. Mr. Loizos is an independent director.George Malanga has been a member of our Board of Directors since April 2010. He is currently serving as the Chief Credit Officer ofBNY Mellon. Mr. Malanga has held a variety of positions during his 29 year tenure with the bank. He began his banking career in various relationshipmanagement roles before moving to risk management in 2000. Mr. Malanga has served in roles with increased responsibility in credit risk management overthe past 15 years. His credit risk experience includes head of asset recovery, head of domestic corporate credit and currently as Chief Credit Officer of BNYMellon. Mr. Malanga is a member of BNY Mellon’s Operating Committee and holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration from Rutgers Collegeand an M.B.A. in Finance from New York University. Mr. Malanga also serves as a member of the Audit Committee and the Nominating and GovernanceCommittee. Mr. Malanga is an independent director.There are no family relationships between any of our directors, executive officers or significant employees.B. CompensationThe aggregate annual compensation (salaries and bonus) paid to our current executive officers was approximately $2.1 million for theyear ended December 31, 2016. Navios Holdings provides administrative services to Navios Partners, Navios Acquisition, Navios Midstream, NaviosLogistics, Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses, incurred in connection with the provisionof these services. In December 2006, our shareholders approved the adoption of the Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. 2006 Employee, Directors andConsultants Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”). The 2006 Plan authorizes the issuance of stock grants to our officers, employees, directors and consultants in suchamounts and pursuant to such terms as may be determined by the Board of Directors at the time of the grant. In February 2015, the Board of Directorsapproved the adoption of the Navios Holdings 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Equity Incentive Plan”). The 2015 Equity Incentive Plan authorizesthe issuance of stock grants to our officers, employees, directors and consultants in such amounts and pursuant to such terms as may be determined by theBoard of Directors at the time of the grant.On December 15, 2014, December 11, 2015, and December 13, 2016 the Company authorized the granting of restricted share units andshare appreciation rights and the issuance of shares of restricted common stock, restricted stock units and stock options in accordance with the Company’sstock option plan for its employees, officers and directors. These awards of restricted share units, share appreciation rights, restricted common stock units,restricted common stock and stock options to its employees, officers and directors, vest over three years.On December 15, 2014, the Company authorized the issuance of shares of restricted common stock, restricted stock units and stockoptions in accordance with the Company’s stock option plan for its employees, officers and directors, which have vested or will vest upon achievement ofinternal performance criteria and completion of a service period. This restriction lapses in two or three equal tranches, respectively, over the requisite serviceperiods, of one, two and three years from the grant date.During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not award any restricted stock, restricted stock units or stockoptions, which vest upon achievement of certain performance conditions.Details of options grantedAs of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, 7,705,995 stock options to purchase the Company’s common stock and 2,500,000share appreciation rights have been granted of which 5,436,134 have vested, 822,598 have expired, 3,360,112 remain unvested and 587,151 have beenexercised in total, of which 411,438 at an exercise price of $3.18 per share, 30,595 at an exercise price of $5.87 per share, 63,172 at an exercise price of $5.15per share, 59,546 at an exercise price of $3.81 per share, and 22,400 at an exercise price of $3.44 per share.Out of the 7,705,995 stock options granted and 2,500,000 share appreciation rights granted, 288,000 options were granted at an exerciseprice of $16.75 per share; 571,266 options were granted at an exercise price of $3.18 per share; 405,365 options were granted 104 Table of Contentsat an exercise price of $5.87 per share; 954,842 options were granted at an exercise price of $5.15 per share; 1,344,353 options were granted at an exerciseprice of $3.81 per share; 1,344,357 options were granted at an exercise price of $3.44 per share; 674,809 options were granted at an exercise price of $8.63per share; 1,123,003 options were granted at an exercise price of $3.64 per share; and 1,000,000 options were granted at an exercise price of $1.20 per share.Total 2,500,000 restricted common stock options were granted at an exercise price of $1.20 per share.Details of restricted stock and restricted stock units issuedAs of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, 7,660,330 restricted share units, shares of restricted stock and restricted stock unitshave been granted and 2,540,000 share appreciation rights have been granted, of which 5,620,082 have vested and in the aggregate 77,715 were forfeitedduring the years from 2007 until 2016. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.Non-employee directors receive annual fees, effective January 1, 2014, in the amount of $80,000 each plus reimbursement of theirout-of-pocket expenses. In addition, the non-executive serving as chairman of the Audit Committee receives an annual fee of $20,000, the chairman of theNominating and Governance Committee receives an annual fee of $17,000, and the chairman of the Compensation Committee receives an annual fee of$20,000, plus reimbursement of their out-of-pocket expenses.C. Board PracticesThe board of directors of Navios Holdings is divided into three classes with only one class of directors being elected in each year andeach class serving a three-year term. In January 2015, Navios Holdings, following the resignation of Ted Petrone, appointed Shunji Sasada to its Board ofDirectors. The term of office of the first class of directors, consisting of Efstathios Loizos, George Malanga and John Stratakis will expire in 2018. The term ofoffice of the second class of directors, consisting of Shunji Sasada and Spyridon Magoulas will expire in 2019. The term of office of the third class ofdirectors, consisting of Angeliki Frangou and Vasiliki Papaefthymiou, will expire in 2017. No directors are entitled to any benefits upon termination of theirterm.The board of directors has established an audit committee of three independent directors. The audit committee is governed by a writtencharter, which was approved by the board of directors. One of the members of the audit committee is an “audit committee financial expert” for purposes ofSEC rules and regulations. The audit committee, among other things, reviews our external financial reporting, engages our external auditors, approves all feespaid to auditors and oversees our internal audit activities and procedures and the adequacy of our internal accounting controls. Our audit committee iscomprised of Messrs. George Malanga, Efstathios Loizos and Spyridon Magoulas, and our audit committee financial expert is Mr. Efstathios Loizos.The board of directors has established a nominating and governance committee of three independent directors, Messrs. John Stratakis,who serves as a Chairman, Spyridon Magoulas and George Malanga. This committee is governed by a written charter, which was approved by the board ofdirectors. The nominating and governance committee is responsible for providing assistance to the board of directors in fulfilling its responsibility to theCompany’s stockholders relating to the Company’s nominating procedures and practices for appointing officers and directors as well as the Company’soversight, analysis and recommendations with respect to corporate governance and best practices, and the Company’s process for monitoring compliancewith laws and regulations.The board of directors has established a compensation committee of three independent directors, Messrs. Efstathios Loizos, who serves asa Chairman, Spyridon Magoulas and John Stratakis. The compensation committee is governed by a written charter, which was approved by the board ofdirectors. The compensation committee is responsible for reviewing and approving the compensation of the Company’s executive officers, for establishing,reviewing and evaluating, in consultation with senior management, the long-term strategy of employee compensation and approving any material change toexisting compensation plans.The board of directors, from time to time, establishes special conflicts committees to review specific matters that the board believes mayinvolve potential conflicts of interest. The conflicts committees determine if the resolution of the conflict of interest is fair and reasonable to us. The membersof the conflicts committees may not be officers or employees of our general partner or directors, officers or employees of its affiliates, and must meet theindependence standards established by the New York Stock Exchange to serve on an audit committee of a board of directors and certain other requirements.Any matters approved by the conflicts committees are conclusively deemed to be fair and reasonable to us, approved by all of our partners, and not a breachby our directors, our general partner or its affiliates of any duties any of them may owe us or our unitholders.D. EmployeesNavios Holdings crews its vessels primarily with Greek, Ukrainian, Georgian, Filipino, Polish, Romanian, Indian and Russian officers andFilipino, Georgian, Indian, Romanian, Ethiopian and Ukrainian seamen. Navios Holdings’ fleet manager is responsible for selecting its Greek officers. Othernationalities are referred to Navios Holdings’ fleet manager by local crewing agencies. Navios Holdings is also responsible for travel and payroll of the crew.The crewing agencies handle each seaman’s training. Navios Holdings requires that all of its seamen have the qualifications and licenses required to complywith international regulations and shipping conventions.Navios Logistics crews its fleet with Argentine, Brazilian and Paraguayan officers and seamen. Navios Logistics’ fleet managers areresponsible for selecting the crew. 105 Table of ContentsWith respect to shore-side employees, as of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings and its subsidiaries employed 196 employees in itsPiraeus, Greece office, 11 employees in its New York office, seven employees in its Antwerp, Belgium office, three employees in its Monaco office and oneemployee in its Singapore office. Navios Logistics employs 48 employees in the Asuncion, Paraguay office, 20 employees at the port facility in San Antonio,Paraguay, 101 employees in the Buenos Aires, Argentina office, eight employees in the Montevideo, Uruguay office, 164 employees at the dry port facility inUruguay, and 10 employees at Hidronave’s Corumba, Brazil office.E. Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of the common stock of Navios Holdings as of March 31,2017, based on 117,131,407 shares of common stock outstanding as of such day, by each of Navios Holdings’ executive officers and directors.Unless otherwise indicated based upon Schedules 13D filed with the SEC and the Company’s knowledge, Navios Holdings believes that all persons named inthe table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them. Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) Amount and Natureof BeneficialOwnership Percentage ofOutstandingCommon Stock Angeliki Frangou(2)(3) 32,732,153 26.9% George Achniotis * * Ted C. Petrone * * Vasiliki Papaefthymiou * * Anna Kalathakis * * Shunji Sasada * * Leonidas Korres * * Efstratios Desypris * * Ioannis Karyotis * * Erifili Tsironi * * Spyridon Magoulas * * John Stratakis * * Efstathios Loizos * * George Malanga * * *Less than one percent(1)The business address of each of the individuals is c/o Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., 7 Avenue de Grande Bretagne, Office 11B2, Monte Carlo, MC98000 Monaco.(2)Angeliki Frangou has filed a Schedule 13D amendment indicating that she intends, subject to market conditions, to purchase up to $20.0 million ofcommon stock and as of April 12, 2017, she had purchased approximately $10.0 million in value of common stock.(3)The amount and nature of beneficial ownership and the percentage of outstanding common stock includes 4,478,792 options, each for one share,vested but not yet exercised.During 2014, 15,000, 19,626, 55,860, 30,303 and 22,400 shares, respectively, were issued following the exercise of the options for cashat an exercise price of $3.18, $5.87, $5.15, $3.81 and $3.44, respectively.Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party TransactionsA. Major ShareholdersThe following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of the common stock of Navios Holdings as of March 31,2017 based on shares of common stock outstanding as of such date of each person known by Navios Holdings to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% ofits outstanding shares of common stock based upon the amounts and percentages as are contained in the public filings of such persons. All such stockholdershave the same voting rights with respect to their shares of common stock.Unless otherwise indicated, based upon Schedules 13D filed with the SEC and the Company’s knowledge, Navios Holdings believes thatall persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them. 106 Table of ContentsName Amount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership Percentage ofOutstandingCommon Stock Angeliki Frangou(1) 32,732,153 26.9% (1)The amount and nature of beneficial ownership and the percentage of outstanding common stock includes 4,478,792 options, each for one share,vested but not yet exercised.B. Related Party TransactionsOffice Rent: The Company has entered into lease agreements with Goldland Ktimatiki-Ikodomiki-Touristiki Xenodohiaki AnonimosEteria and Emerald Ktimatiki-Ikodomiki Touristiki Xenodohiaki Anonimos Eteria, both of which are Greek corporations that are currently majority-ownedby Angeliki Frangou, Navios Holdings’ Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The lease agreements provide for the leasing of facilities located in Piraeus,Greece to house the operations of most of the Company’s subsidiaries. The total annual lease payments are in aggregate € 0.9 million (approximately $1.0million) and the lease agreements expire in 2017 and 2019. These payments are subject to annual adjustments, which are based on the inflation rateprevailing in Greece as reported by the Greek State at the end of each year.Purchase of Services: The Company utilizes its affiliate company, Acropolis, as a broker. Navios Holdings has a 50% interest inAcropolis. Although Navios Holdings owns 50% of Acropolis’ stock, Navios Holdings agreed with the other shareholder that the earnings and amountsdeclared by way of dividends will be allocated 35% to the Company with the balance to the other shareholder. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, thecarrying amount of the investment was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Dividends received for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015and 2014 were $0.1 million, $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Commissions charged from Acropolis for the year ended December 31, 2016, were$0 million and commissions charged for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were less than $0.1 million, respectively. Included in the tradeaccounts payable at both December 31, 2016 and 2015 was an amount due to Acropolis of $0.1 million.Vessels Charter Hire: From 2012, Navios Holdings has entered into charter-in contracts for certain of Navios Partners’ vessels, all ofwhich have been redelivered by April 2016.In May 2012 and 2013, the Company entered into two charters with Navios Partners for the Navios Aldebaran and the Navios Prosperity.On February 11, 2015, the Company and Navios Partners entered into a novation agreement whereby the rights to the time charter contract of the NaviosAldebaran and the Navios Prosperity were transferred to Navios Holdings on February 28 and March 5, 2015, respectively.In 2012 and 2013, the Company entered into various charters with Navios Partners for the Navios Apollon, Navios Libra, Navios Felicityand Navios Hope. In April 2015, these charters were further extended for approximately one year at a net daily rate of $12,500, $12,000, $12,000, $10,000plus 50/50 profit sharing based on actual earnings at the end of the period.In 2015, the Company entered into various charters with Navios Partners for the Navios Gemini, Navios Hyperion, Navios Soleil, NaviosHarmony, Navios Orbiter, Navios Fantastiks, Navios Alegria, Navios Pollux and Navios Sun. The terms of these charters were approximately nine to twelvemonths, at a net daily rate of $7,600, $12,000, $12,000, $12,000, $12,000, $12,500, $12,000, $11,400 and $12,000, respectively plus 50/50 profit sharingbased on actual earnings at the end of the period.In November 2016, the Company entered into a charter with Navios Partners for the Navios Fulvia, a 2010-built Capesize vessel. Theterm of this charter was approximately three months from November 2016, at a net daily rate of $11,500.Total charter hire expense for all vessels for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1.7 million, $39.7 million and$28.2 million, respectively, and was included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income under “Time charter, voyage and logisticsbusiness expenses”.Management Fees: Navios Holdings provides commercial and technical management services to Navios Partners’ vessels for a dailyfixed fee. This daily fee covered all of the vessels’ operating expenses, including the cost of drydock and special surveys. In each of October 2013, August2014 and February 2015, the Company amended its existing management 107 Table of Contentsagreement with Navios Partners to fix the fees for ship management services of its owned fleet at : (i) $4,000 daily rate per Ultra-Handymax vessel; (ii) $4,100daily rate per Panamax vessel; (iii) $5,100 daily rate per Capesize vessel; (iv) $6,500 daily rate per container vessel of TEU 6,800; (v) $7,200 daily rate percontainer vessel of more than TEU 8,000; and (vi) $8,500 daily rate per very large container vessel of more than TEU 13,000 through December 31, 2015. InFebruary 2016, the Company further amended its existing management agreement to fix the fees for ship management services of its owned fleet at: (i) $4,100daily rate per Ultra-Handymax vessel; (ii) $4,200 daily rate per Panamax vessel; (iii) $5,250 daily rate per Capesize vessel; (iv) $6,700 daily rate percontainer vessel of TEU 6,800; (v) $7,400 daily rate per container vessel of more than TEU 8,000; and (vi) $8,750 daily rate per very large container vessel ofmore than TEU 13,000 through December 31, 2017. Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed by Navios Partners at cost at occurrence.Total management fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, amounted to $59.2 million, $56.5 million and $50.4 million, respectively,and are presented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Effective August 31, 2016, Navios Partners could, upon request to Navios Holdings, partially or fully defer the reimbursement of drydocking and other extraordinary fees and expenses under the management agreement to a later date, but not later than January 5, 2018, and if reimbursed on alater date, such amounts would bear interest at a rate of 1% per annum over LIBOR. Total amounts due from Navios Partners as of December 31, 2016amounted to $11.1 million (December 31, 2015: $0) and is presented under the caption “Long-term receivable from affiliate company”.Navios Holdings provides commercial and technical management services to Navios Acquisition’s vessels for a daily fee that was fixeduntil May 2014, of $6,000 per owned MR2 product tanker and chemical tanker vessel, $7,000 per owned LR1 product tanker vessel and $10,000 per ownedVLCC vessel. This daily fee covers all of the vessels’ operating expenses, other than certain fees and costs. Actual operating costs and expenses will bedetermined in a manner consistent with how the initial fixed fees were determined. Drydocking expenses until May 2014 were fixed under this agreement forup to $0.3 million per LR1 and MR2 product tanker vessel and will be reimbursed at cost for VLCC vessels. In May 2014, Navios Holdings extended theduration of its existing management agreement with Navios Acquisition until May 2020 and fixed the fees for ship management services of NaviosAcquisition owned fleet for two additional years through May 2016 at the same rates for product tanker and chemical tanker vessels, and reduced the dailyrate to $9,500 per VLCC vessel. In May 2016, Navios Holdings amended its agreement with Navios Acquisition to fix the fees for ship management servicesof Navios Acquisition fleet at a daily fee of (i) $6,350 per MR2 product tanker and chemical vessel; (ii) $7,130 per LR1 product tanker vessel; and (iii)$9,500 per VLCC through May 2018. Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed at cost at occurrence for all vessels.Total management fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $97.9 million, $95.3 million and$95.8 million, respectively, and are presented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Pursuant to a management agreement dated December 13, 2013, Navios Holdings provides commercial and technical managementservices to Navios Europe I’s tanker and container vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of six years. Management fees under this agreement willbe reimbursed at cost at occurrence. Total management fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $20.9 million, $20.4 millionand $20.1, respectively, and are presented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Pursuant to a management agreement dated November 18, 2014, as further amended in October 2016, Navios Holdings providescommercial and technical management services to Navios Midstream’s vessels for a daily fixed fee of $9,500 per owned VLCC vessel, effective throughDecember 31, 2018. Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed at cost at occurrence for all vessels. The term of this agreement is for aperiod of five years. Total management fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $20.9 million, $17.6 million and$1.7 million, respectively, and are presented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Pursuant to a management agreement dated June 5, 2015, Navios Holdings provides commercial and technical management services toNavios Europe II’s dry bulker and container vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of six years. Management fees under this agreement will bereimbursed at cost at occurrence. Total management fees for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $23.5 million and $9.6 million,respectively, and are presented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Navios Partners Guarantee: In November 2012 (as amended in March 2014), the Company entered into an agreement with NaviosPartners (the “Navios Partners Guarantee”) to provide Navios Partners with guarantees against counterparty default on certain existing charters, which hadpreviously been covered by the charter insurance for the same vessels, same periods and same amounts. The Navios Partners Guarantee provides for amaximum possible payout of $20.0 million by the Company to Navios Partners. Premiums that are calculated on the same basis as the restructured charterinsurance are included in the management fee that is paid by Navios Partners to Navios Holdings pursuant to the management agreement. As of December 31,2016, Navios Partners has submitted one claim under this agreement to the Company. As at December 31, 2016, the fair value of the claim was estimated at$19.7 million and included in “Other long-term liabilities and deferred income” in the consolidated balance sheet. During the year ended December 31,2015, the Company initially recognized this claim as “Other expense” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss)/ income.General and Administrative Expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates/Administrative fee revenue from affiliates: Navios Holdingsprovides administrative services to Navios Partners. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with theprovision of these services. Navios Holdings extended the duration of its existing administrative services agreement with Navios Partners until December 31,2017, pursuant to its existing terms. Total general and administrative fees for years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $7.8 million,$6.2 million and $6.1 million, respectively. 108 Table of ContentsNavios Holdings provides administrative services to Navios Acquisition. Navios Holdings extended the duration of its existingadministrative services agreement with Navios Acquisition until May 2020, pursuant to its existing terms. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costsand expenses incurred in connection with the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015and 2014 amounted to $9.4 million, $7.6 million and $7.3 million, respectively.Navios Holdings provides administrative services to Navios Logistics. In April 2016, Navios Holdings extended the duration of itsexisting administrative services agreement with Navios Logistics until December 2021, pursuant to its existing terms. Navios Holdings is reimbursed forreasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees for all the years endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $1.0 million, $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The general and administrative fees have beeneliminated upon consolidation.Pursuant to an administrative services agreement dated December 13, 2013, Navios Holdings provides administrative services to NaviosEurope I’s tanker and container vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of six years. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs andexpenses incurred in connection with the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and2014 amounted to $1.3 million, $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively.Pursuant to an administrative services agreement dated November 18, 2014, Navios Holdings provides administrative services to NaviosMidstream. The term of this agreement is for a period of five years. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connectionwith the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $1.5 million,$1.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively.Pursuant to an administrative services agreement dated June 5, 2015, Navios Holdings provides administrative services to Navios EuropeII’s dry bulk and container vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of six years. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expensesincurred in connection with the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees charged for year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015amounted to $1.8 and $0.6 million, respectively.Balance due from/to affiliates (excluding Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II): Balance due from affiliates as of December 31, 2016amounted to $0 million (December 31, 2015: $8.9 million).Balance due to affiliates as of December 31, 2016 amounted to $32.8 million (December 31, 2015: $17.8 million) and the Long-termpayable to affiliate companies amounted to $6.4 million (December 31, 2015: $0 million).The balances mainly consisted of management fees, administrative fees, drydocking and other expenses and amounts payable.Omnibus Agreements: Navios Holdings has entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Partners (the “Partners OmnibusAgreement”) in connection with the closing of Navios Partners’ IPO governing, among other things, when Navios Holdings and Navios Partners may competeagainst each other as well as rights of first offer on certain dry bulk carriers. Pursuant to the Partners Omnibus Agreement, Navios Partners generally agreednot to acquire or own Panamax or Capesize dry bulk carriers under time charters of three or more years without the consent of an independent committee ofNavios Partners. In addition, Navios Holdings has agreed to offer to Navios Partners the opportunity to purchase vessels from Navios Holdings when suchvessels are fixed under time charters of three or more years.Navios Holdings entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (the “Acquisition OmnibusAgreement”) in connection with the closing of Navios Acquisition’s initial vessel acquisition, pursuant to which, among other things, Navios Holdings andNavios Partners agreed not to acquire, charter-in or own liquid shipment vessels, except for container vessels and vessels that are primarily employed inoperations in South America, without the consent of an independent committee of Navios Acquisition. In addition, Navios Acquisition, under theAcquisition Omnibus Agreement, agreed to cause its subsidiaries not to acquire, own, operate or charter dry bulk carriers subject to specific exceptions. Underthe Acquisition Omnibus Agreement, Navios Acquisition and its subsidiaries granted to Navios Holdings and Navios Partners, a right of first offer on anyproposed sale, transfer or other disposition of any of its dry bulk carriers and related charters owned or acquired by Navios Acquisition. Likewise, NaviosHoldings and Navios Partners agreed to grant a similar right of first offer to Navios Acquisition for any liquid shipment vessels it might own. These rights offirst offer will not apply to a (i) sale, transfer or other disposition of vessels between any affiliated subsidiaries, or pursuant to the terms of any charter or otheragreement with a counterparty, or (ii) merger with or into, or sale of substantially all of the assets to, an unaffiliated third party. 109 Table of ContentsNavios Holdings entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Midstream, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners in connection withthe Navios Midstream IPO, pursuant to which Navios Acquisition, Navios Holdings, Navios Partners and their controlled affiliates generally have agreed notto acquire or own any VLCCs, crude oil tankers, refined petroleum product tankers, LPG tankers or chemical tankers under time charters of five or more yearswithout the consent of Navios Midstream. The omnibus agreement contains significant exceptions that will allow Navios Acquisition, Navios Holdings,Navios Partners or any of their controlled affiliates to compete with Navios Midstream under specified circumstances.Midstream General Partner Option Agreement: Navios Holdings entered into an option agreement, with Navios Acquisition underwhich Navios Acquisition, which owns and controls Midstream General Partner, granted Navios Holdings the option to acquire a minimum of 25% of theoutstanding membership interests in Midstream General Partner and the incentive distribution rights in Navios Midstream representing the right to receive anincreasing percentage of the quarterly distributions when certain conditions are met. The option shall expire on November 18, 2024. The purchase price forthe acquisition for all or part of the option interest shall be an amount equal to its fair market value. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings had notexercised any part of that option.Sale of Vessels and Sale of Rights to Navios Partners: Upon the sale of vessels to Navios Partners, Navios Holdings recognizes the gainimmediately in earnings only to the extent of the interest in Navios Partners owned by third parties and defers recognition of the gain to the extent of its ownownership interest in Navios Partners (the “deferred gain”). Subsequently, the deferred gain is amortized to income over the remaining useful life of thevessel. The recognition of the deferred gain is accelerated in the event that (i) the vessel is subsequently sold or otherwise disposed of by Navios Partners or(ii) the Company’s ownership interest in Navios Partners is reduced. In connection with the public offerings of common units by Navios Partners, a pro rataportion of the deferred gain is released to income upon dilution of the Company’s ownership interest in Navios Partners. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,the unamortized deferred gain for all vessels and rights sold totaled $11.8 million and $13.7 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2016,2015 and 2014, Navios Holdings recognized $1.8 million, $2.6 million and $5.3 million of the deferred gain, respectively, in “Equity in net earnings ofaffiliated companies”.Participation in Offerings of Affiliates: Refer to “Item 4.—Information on the Company” and “Item 5.—Operating and FinancialReview and Prospects” for Navios Holdings’ participation in Navios Acquisition’s and Navios Partners’ offerings. On February 4, 2015, Navios Holdingsentered into a share purchase agreement with Navios Partners pursuant to which Navios Holdings made an investment in Navios Partners by purchasingcommon units, and general partnership interests, in order to maintain its 20.0% partnership interest in Navios Partners following its equity offering inFebruary 2015. In connection with this agreement, Navios Holdings entered into a registration rights agreement with Navios Partners pursuant to whichNavios Partners provided Navios Holdings with certain rights relating to the registration of the common units. Navios Holdings has entered into additionalshare purchase agreements on December 30, 2016, March 3, 2017, and March 23, 2017, for the purchase up to a total of 1,271,766 general partnershipinterests. Refer also to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in “Recent Developments”.The Navios Acquisition Credit Facilities: On September 19, 2016, Navios Holdings entered into a secured credit facility of up to$70.0 million with Navios Acquisition. This credit facility is secured by all of the Company’s’ interest in Navios Acquisition and 78.5% of the Company’sinterest in Navios Logistics, representing a majority of the shares outstanding of Navios Logistics. This facility was provided for an arrangement fee of$0.7 million, is available for up to five drawings and has a fixed interest rate of 8.75%, compounded semi-annually to be paid upon maturity onNovember 15, 2018. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding balance was $49.8 million which consists of $50.0 million drawn amount plus the accruedinterest of $1.2 million, net of unamortized balance of deferred fees of $1.4 million.On November 11, 2014, Navios Acquisition entered into a short-term credit facility with Navios Holdings pursuant to which NaviosAcquisition could borrow up to $200.0 million for general corporate purposes. The facility provided for an arrangement fee of $4.0 million, bared a fixedinterest of 600 bps and matured on December 29, 2014. All amounts drawn under this facility were fully repaid by the maturity date of December 29, 2014.In 2010, Navios Acquisition entered into a $40.0 million credit facility with Navios Holdings, which matured in December 2015. Thefacility was available for multiple drawings up to a limit of $40.0 million and had a margin of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. The final maturity date wasJanuary 2, 2017. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there was no outstanding amount under this facility.The Navios Partners Credit Facility: In May 2015, Navios Partners entered into a credit facility with Navios Holdings of up to$60.0 million. The Navios Partners Credit Facility bears an interest of LIBOR plus 300 bps. The final maturity date was January 2, 2017. As of December 31,2016, there was no outstanding amount under this facility. In April 2016, Navios Partners has drawn $21.0 million from the Navios Partners Credit Facility,which was fully repaid during April 2016.Balance due from Navios Europe I: Balance due from Navios Europe as of December 31, 2016 amounted to $2.4 million (December 31,2015: $1.6 million), which included the net current amount receivable of $0.2 million (December 31, 2015: $0.2 million) 110 Table of Contentsmainly consisting of management fees, accrued interest income earned under the Navios Revolving Loans I and other expenses and the non-current amountof $2.2 million (December 31, 2015: $1.4 million) related to the accrued interest income earned under the Navios Term Loans I.The Navios Revolving Loans I and the Navios Term Loans I earn interest and an annual preferred return, respectively, at 1,270 basispoints per annum, on a quarterly compounding basis and are repaid from free cash flow (as defined in the loan agreement) to the fullest extent possible at theend of each quarter. There are no covenant requirements or stated maturity dates.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the outstanding amount relating to Navios Holdings’ portion under the Navios Revolving Loans Iwas $7.1 million, under the caption “Loan receivable from affiliate companies”. As of December 31, 2016, the amount undrawn under the Revolving Loanswas $9.1 million, of which Navios Holdings was committed to fund $4.3 million. See also “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in“Recent Developments” for the transfer of Navios Holdings’ participation in Navios Revolving Loans I and Navios Term Loans I to Navios Partners.Balance due from Navios Europe II: Balance due from Navios Europe II as of December 31, 2016, amounted to $10.5 million(December 31, 2015: $4.2 million), which included the current amount of $8.4 million (December 31, 2015: $3.6 million), mainly consisting of managementfees and accrued interest income earned under the Navios Revolving Loans II and other expenses and the non-current amount of $2.1 million (December 31,2015: $0.6 million) related to the accrued interest income earned under the Navios Term Loans II.The Navios Revolving Loans II and the Navios Term Loans II earn interest and an annual preferred return, respectively, at 1,800 basispoints per annum, on a quarterly compounding basis and are repaid from free cash flow (as defined in the loan agreement) to the fullest extent possible at theend of each quarter. There are no covenant requirements or stated maturity dates.As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount relating to Navios Holdings’ portion under the Navios Revolving Loans II was$11.6 million (December 31, 2015: $7.3 million), under the caption “Loan receivable from affiliate companies.” As of December 31, 2016, the amountundrawn from the Revolving Loans II was $19.1 million, of which Navios Holdings is committed to fund $9.1 million. In March 2017, the amount undrawnfrom the Navios Revolving Loans II increased by $14.0 million.C. Interests of experts and counsel.Not applicable.Item 8. Financial InformationA. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationConsolidated Financial Statements: See Item 18.Legal Proceedings: Navios Holdings is not involved in any legal proceedings that it believes will have a significant effect on itsbusiness, financial position, results of operations or liquidity.From time to time, Navios Holdings may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. It is expected thatthese claims would be covered by insurance if they involve liabilities such as arise from a collision, other marine casualty, damage to cargoes, oil pollution,death or personal injuries to crew, subject to customary deductibles. Those claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of significantfinancial and managerial resources.On October 7, 2016, a putative class action complaint was filed against the Company and six of its directors in the United States DistrictCourt for the Southern District of New York by a purported holder of Series G ADSs and Series H ADSs. The complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciaryduty and contract. The complaint sought, among other things, unspecified monetary damages, a declaration regarding certain of the Company’s allegedobligations under the applicable certificates of designation, the restoration of certain alleged rights to non-tendering holders if the exchange offer thatcommenced on September 19, 2016 was consummated, and an award of plaintiff’s costs. On November 28, 2016, plaintiff’s counsel informed the Court thatthe litigation was moot in light of the failure of the consent solicitation (which did not attain the necessary support from the holders of Series G ADSs andSeries H ADSs). On January 10, 2017, plaintiff’s counsel submitted a motion for attorneys’ fees to which the Company submitted an opposition brief onFebruary 3, 2017, which requested that the Court deny the request for attorneys’ fees in its entirety.On April 1, 2016, Navios Holdings was named as a defendant in a putative shareholder derivative lawsuit brought by two allegedshareholders of Navios Acquisition purportedly on behalf of nominal defendant, Navios Acquisition, in the United States District Court for the SouthernDistrict of New York, captioned Metropolitan Capital Advisors International Ltd., et al. v. Navios Maritime Holdings, Inc. et al., No. 1:16-cv-02437. Thelawsuit challenged the March 9, 2016 loan agreement between Navios Holdings and Navios Acquisition pursuant to which Navios Acquisition agreed toprovide a $50.0 million credit facility (the “Revolver”) to Navios Holdings.On April 14, 2016, Navios Holdings and Navios Acquisition announced that the Revolver had been cancelled, and that no borrowingshad been made under the Revolver. In June 2016, the parties reached an agreement resolving the plaintiffs’ application for attorneys’ fees and expenseswhich was approved by an order of the Court. The litigation was dismissed upon notice of the order being provided to Navios Acquisition’s shareholders viathe inclusion of the order as an attachment to a Navios Acquisition Form 6-K and the payment of $0.8 million by Navios Acquisition in satisfaction of theplaintiffs’ request for attorneys’ fees and expenses. A copy of the order was provided as an exhibit to Navios Acquisition’s Form 6-K filed with the Securitiesand Exchange Commission on June 9, 2016.Refer also to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements, included herein.Dividend Policy: Navios Holdings has announced the suspension of dividends to its common stock shareholders in November 2015 andits preferred shareholders, including holders of the Series G and Series H in February 2016. Navios Holdings intends to retain most of its available earningsgenerated by operations to conserve cash and improve liquidity. The reinstatement, declaration and payment of any dividend remains subject to thediscretion of the Board of Directors, and will depend on, among other 111 Table of Contentsthings, Navios Holdings’ cash requirements after taking into account market opportunities, debt obligations, market conditions, and restrictions contained inits equity and debt instruments, including limitations on dividends under its preferred stock. In addition, the terms and provisions of our current securedcredit facilities and indentures limit our ability to declare and pay dividends in excess of certain amounts or if certain covenants are not met. (See alsoItem 5.B. “Long-term Debt Obligations and Credit Arrangements”).During 2014, the Board of Directors declared cash dividends to its common stockholders of approximately $25.2 million.On February 16, 2015, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of approximately $6.3 million for the fourth quarter of2014 of $0.06 per share of common stock, paid on March 27, 2015 to stockholders of record as of March 20, 2015.On May 18, 2015, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of approximately $6.4 million for the first quarter of 2015 of$0.06 per share of common stock, paid on June 26, 2015 to stockholders of record as of June 18, 2015.On August 17, 2015, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of approximately $6.5 million for the second quarter of2015 of $0.06 per share of common stock, paid on September 25, 2015 to stockholders of record as of September 18, 2015.B. Significant ChangesNot applicable.Item 9. Listing DetailsAs of February 22, 2007, the Company’s common stock and warrants were no longer trading as a unit, and as of such date, the principaltrading market for our securities has been NYSE under the symbols “NM” for our common stock and “NMWS” for our warrants. On December 9, 2008, ourpublicly traded warrants expired and ceased to be publicly traded. For the period from November 3, 2005 to February 22, 2007 our common stock, warrantsand units were trading on the Nasdaq National Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbols “BULK”, “BULKW” and “BULKU”, respectively. Prior toNovember 3, 2005, the principal trading market of our securities was the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board (“OTCBB”). Our Series G and Series H issued inJanuary and July 2014, respectively, are trading on the NYSE under the symbols “NMPrG.” and “NMPrH.”The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low market prices of our common and preferred stock(Series G and Series H) on the NYSE.On April 26, 2017, the closing price of our common stock was $1.82. The quotations listed below reflect high and low market prices,without retail markup, markdown or commission, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions:(a) For the five most recent full financial years: the annual high and low market prices: Common Stock Series G Series H Year Ended High Low High Low High Low December 31, 2016 $2.40 $0.57 $11.68 $2.50 $11.46 $2.37 December 31, 2015 $4.68 $1.13 $26.50 $5.64 $22.45 $5.06 December 31, 2014 $12.12 $3.50 $26.49 $16.47 $25.05 $16.55 December 31, 2013 $11.73 $3.40 $— $— $— $— December 31, 2012 $4.49 $3.08 $— $— $— $— 112 Table of Contents(b) For the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period: the high and low closing prices for each financial quarter: Common Stock Series G Series H Quarter Ended High Low High Low High Low March 31, 2017 $2.26 $1.40 $16.09 $7.34 $16.00 $7.22 December 31, 2016 $2.40 $1.00 $10.60 $4.85 $10.29 $4.61 September 30, 2016 $1.42 $0.79 $6.82 $4.03 $6.64 $3.40 June 30, 2016 $1.66 $0.57 $6.03 $2.82 $5.80 $2.76 March 31, 2016 $1.75 $0.68 $11.68 $2.50 $11.46 $2.37 December 31, 2015 $3.26 $1.13 $18.25 $5.64 $17.56 $5.06 September 30, 2015 $4.51 $2.42 $20.47 $16.50 $19.30 $15.63 June 30, 2015 $4.31 $3.30 $22.57 $19.57 $22.45 $18.70 (c) For the most recent six months: the high and low closing prices for each month: Common Stock Series G Series H Month Ended High Low High Low High Low March 2017 $1.93 $1.54 $16.09 $11.01 $16.00 $10.64 February 2017 $2.26 $1.68 $12.91 $11.00 $12.41 $10.36 January 2017 $2.20 $1.40 $14.63 $7.34 $12.90 $7.22 December 2016 $1.69 $1.14 $8.46 $6.09 $8.34 $5.86 November 2016 $2.40 $1.00 $10.60 $5.60 $10.29 $5.65 October 2016 $1.29 $1.05 $6.99 $4.85 $6.90 $4.61 Item 10. Additional InformationA. Share CapitalNot applicable.B. Memorandum of articles of associationPlease refer to Exhibit 3.1 of Form F-1, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on November 2, 2005 with filenumber 333-129382; Exhibit 99.1 of Form 6-K, filed on January 17, 2007 with file number 000-51047, which the Company hereby incorporates by referenceand the following filings on Form 6-K or Form 8-A, as applicable, (file number 001-33311) filed with the SEC : Exhibit 99.2 of Form 6-K filed on October 6,2008; Exhibit 3.1 of Form 6-K filed on July 7, 2009; Exhibit 3.1 of Form 6-K filed on September 22, 2009; Exhibit 3.1 of Form 6-K filed on September 24,2009; Exhibit 3.1 of Form 6-K filed on February 4, 2010; Exhibit 1.1 of Form 6-K filed on November 15, 2010; Exhibit 1.1 of Form 6-K filed onDecember 22, 2010; Exhibit 3.3 of Form 8-A filed on January 24, 2014 and Exhibit 3.3 of Form 8-A filed on July 7, 2014, each of which the Company herebyincorporates by reference.C. Material ContractsRefer to “Item 4. – Information on the Company” for a discussion of various agreements relating to our business and certain vesseltransactions, including Item 4.B. for a discussion of our option agreements to purchase 20 chartered-in vessels , and to Item 5. – Operating and FinancialReview and Prospects” for a discussion of our long-term debt, including Item 5.F for a discussion of the long-term debt, the operating lease obligations andthe rent obligations. Other than these agreements, there are no material contracts, other than the contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, towhich the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party.D. Exchange controlsUnder the laws of the Marshall Islands, Uruguay, Liberia, Panama, Belgium, Luxembourg, Malta, Brazil, Paraguay, Cayman Islands,Hong Kong and the British Virgin Islands, the countries of incorporation of the Company and its subsidiaries, there are currently no restrictions on the exportor import of capital, including foreign exchange controls, or restrictions that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-residentholders of our common stock.In the case of Argentina, however, it should be noted that since the year 2001, local authorities have established certain foreign exchangerestrictions that affect the export or import of capital. Such restrictions have been progressively eased since 2003 while the current Argentinian governmentimplemented certain reforms that provided greater flexibility and easier access to the foreign exchange market. As of the date of this report, almost all of theserestrictions have been lifted. However, there can be no assurance that local authorities in Argentina will not modify such regulations in the near future. 113 Table of ContentsE. TaxationMarshall Islands Tax ConsiderationsNavios Holdings is incorporated in the Marshall Islands. Under current Marshall Islands law, Navios Holdings will not be subject to taxon income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax will be imposed upon payments.Other Tax JurisdictionsCertain of Navios Holdings’ subsidiaries are incorporated in countries which impose taxes, such as Belgium, however such taxes areimmaterial to Navios Holdings’ operations.Marshall Islands, Liberia, Panama and Malta do not impose a tax on international shipping income. Under the laws of Marshall Islands,Malta, Liberia and Panama, the countries of incorporation of the Company and its subsidiaries and the vessels’ registration, the companies are subject toregistration and tonnage taxes which have been included in direct vessel expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive(loss)/income.Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have registered branch offices in Greece under Greek Law 27/75 (former law 89/67). Thesecompanies are allowed to conduct the specific business activities provided in their license and the provisions of the above legislation. Same law (27/75)provides that these companies are exempted in Greece from any tax, duty, levy, contribution or deduction in respect of income obtained from the operation ofships as long as duties are paid by the owner of the vessel.The same exemption from any tax, duty, levy, contribution or deduction applies to shareholders or other type of owners in ship-owningcompanies for income they receive from distribution of net profits or dividends, whether received directly or from holding companies, regardless of thenumber of holding companies between ship-owning company and the final shareholder.In accordance with the currently applicable Greek law, foreign flagged vessels that are managed by Greek or foreign ship managementcompanies having established an office in Greece under law 27/75 are subject to duties towards the Greek state which are calculated on the basis of therelevant vessel’s tonnage. The payment of said duties exhausts the tax liability of the foreign ship owning company against any tax, duty, charge orcontribution payable on income from the exploitation of the foreign flagged vessel. In case that tonnage tax and/or similar taxes/duties are paid to thevessel’s flag state, these are deducted from the amount of the duty to be paid in Greece.Navios Logistics subsidiaries are incorporated in countries which impose taxes, such as Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Paraguay.Income tax liabilities of the Argentinean subsidiaries for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxationauthorities using a tax rate of 35% on the taxable net income. Tax rates and tax laws used to assess the income tax liability are those that are effective on theclose of the fiscal period. Additionally, at the end of the fiscal year local companies in Argentina have to calculate an assets tax (Minimum Presumed IncomeTax). This tax is supplementary to income tax and is calculated by applying the effective tax rate of 1% over the gross value of the corporate assets (based ontax law criteria). The subsidiaries’ tax liabilities will be the higher of income tax or Minimum Presumed Income Tax. However, if the Minimum PresumedIncome Tax exceeds income tax during any fiscal year, such excess may be computed as a prepayment of any income tax excess over the Minimum PresumedIncome Tax that may arise in the next ten fiscal years. Relating to the Paraguayan subsidiaries there are two possible options to determine the income taxliability. Under the first option income tax liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxationauthorities, by applying the tax rate of 10% on the fiscal profit and loss. 50% of revenues derived from international freights are considered Paraguayansourced (and therefore taxed) if carried between Paraguay and Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil or Uruguay. In any other case, only 30% of revenues derived frominternational freights are considered Paraguayan sourced. Companies whose operations are considered international freights can choose to pay income taxeson their revenues at an effective tax rate of 1% on such revenues, without considering any other kind of adjustments. Fiscal losses, if any, are neitherdeducted nor carried forward.Material U.S. Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsThe following discussion addresses certain U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us and to the purchase, ownership anddisposition of our common stock. The discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), judicial decisions,administrative pronouncements, and existing and proposed regulations issued by the U.S. Treasury (the “Treasury Regulations”), all of which are subject tochange, possibly with retroactive effect. Changes in these authorities may cause the tax consequences to vary substantially from the consequences describedbelow. No party has sought or will seek any rulings from the 114 Table of ContentsU.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed below. The discussion below is not in any waybinding on the IRS or the courts or in any way an assurance that the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed herein will be accepted by the IRS or thecourts.The U.S. federal income tax consequences to a beneficial owner of our common stock may vary depending on such beneficial owner’sparticular situation or status. This discussion is limited to beneficial owners of our common stock who hold our common stock as capital assets, and it doesnot address aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to persons who are subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws,including but not limited to: dealers in securities; banks and other financial institutions; insurance companies; tax-exempt entities, plans or accounts;persons holding our common stock as part of a “hedge,” “straddle” or other risk reduction transaction; partnerships or other pass-through entities (or investorsin such entities); U.S. persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more (by voting power orvalue) of our outstanding stock; U.S. expatriates; and persons subject to alternative minimum tax. The following discussion is for general informationpurposes only and does not address any U.S. state or local tax matters, any non-U.S. tax matters, or any U.S. federal taxes other than income taxes (such asestate and gift taxes or the Medicare tax on certain investment income).You are encouraged to consult your own tax advisor regarding the particular U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. income and othertax consequences applicable to us and to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock that may be applicable to you.U.S. Federal Income Taxation of the CompanyTaxation of Our Shipping IncomeNavios Holdings is incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Accordingly, we take the position that Navios Holdings is taxedas a foreign corporation by the United States, and the remainder of this discussion assumes the correctness of this position. If Navios Holdings were taxed as aUnited States corporation, it could be subject to substantially greater United States federal income tax than contemplated below. See “Risk Factors—TaxRisks— Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. may be taxed as a United States corporation.”Subject to the discussion of “effectively connected” income below, unless exempt from U.S. federal income tax under the rules containedin Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, a non-U.S. corporation is subject to a 4% U.S. federal income tax in respectof its U.S.-source gross shipping income (without allowance for deductions). For this purpose, U.S.-source gross shipping income includes 50% of theshipping income that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends (but that does not both begin and end) in the United States. Shipping incomeattributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States is considered to be 100% U.S.-source. Shipping income attributable totransportation exclusively between non-U.S. destinations is considered to be 100% non-U.S. source and generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax.“Shipping income” means income that is derived from the use of vessels, the hiring or leasing of vessels for use on a time, voyage or bareboat charter basis,the participation in a pool, partnership, strategic alliance, joint operating agreement, code sharing agreement or other joint venture it directly or indirectlyowns or participates in that generates such income, or the performance of services directly related to these uses.Under Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, a non-U.S. corporation will be exempt from U.S.federal income tax on its U.S.-source shipping income if the following three requirements are satisfied: • It is organized in a jurisdiction outside the United States that grants an “equivalent exemption” from tax to corporations organized in the United Stateswith respect to the types of U.S.-source shipping income that we earn; • Either (i) its stock is “primarily traded” and “regularly traded” on an “established securities market” in the United States, in its country of organization,or in another country that grants an “equivalent exemption” to U.S. corporations or (ii) more than 50% of the value of its stock is owned, directly orindirectly, by (a) individuals who are “residents” of foreign countries that grants an “equivalent exemption,” (b) non-U.S. corporations organized inforeign countries that grant an “equivalent exemption” and that meet the test described in (i), and/or (c) certain other qualified shareholders describedin the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 883; and • It meets certain substantiation and reporting requirements.We believe that we and each of our subsidiaries qualifies and will continue to qualify for the foreseeable future for this statutory taxexemption under Section 883 with respect to our U.S.-source shipping income, provided that our common stock continues to be listed on the NYSE andrepresents more than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock entitled to vote and of the total value of our stock, and less than 50%of our common stock is owned, actually or constructively under specified stock attribution rules, on more than half the number of days in the relevant year bypersons who each own 5% or more of the vote and value of our common stock. However, no assurance can be given that we will satisfy these requirements orqualify for this exemption. 115 Table of ContentsIf we or our subsidiaries are not entitled to this exemption under Section 883 for any taxable year, we or our subsidiaries would besubject for those years to the 4% U.S. federal income tax on our gross U.S.-source shipping income described above, subject to the discussion of “effectivelyconnected” income below. We expect that no more than a small portion of our gross shipping income would be treated as U.S.-source and we expect that theeffective rate of U.S. federal income tax on our gross shipping income would be significantly below 1%.To the extent exemption under Section 883 is unavailable, our U.S.-source gross shipping income that is considered to be “effectivelyconnected” with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business (net of applicable deductions) would be subject to the U.S. federal corporate income tax currentlyimposed at rates of up to 35%, but would not be subject to the 4% tax discussed above. In addition, we may be subject to the 30% U.S. “branch profits” taxon any earnings and profits effectively connected with the conduct of such trade or business, as determined after allowance for certain adjustments, and oncertain interest paid or deemed paid that is attributable to the conduct of such U.S. trade or business.Our U.S.-source shipping income attributable to time or voyage charters (which currently represent, and are expected to continue torepresent, substantially all of our shipping income) would be considered “effectively connected” with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business only if: • we had, or were considered to have, a fixed place of business in the United States involved in the earning of such shipping income; and • Substantially all of our U.S.-source shipping were attributable to regularly scheduled transportation.We do not have, or intend to have or permit circumstances that would result in us having, such a fixed place of business in the UnitedStates or any vessel sailing to or from the United States on a regularly scheduled basis. Based on the foregoing and on the expected mode of our shippingoperations and activities, we believe that none of our U.S.-source shipping income will be “effectively connected” with the conduct of a U.S. trade orbusiness.In addition, income attributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States is not subject to the tax rules describedabove. Such income is subject to either a 30% gross-basis tax or to U.S. federal corporate income tax on net income at rates of up to 35% (and the branchprofits tax discussed above). Although there can be no assurance, we do not expect to engage in transportation that produces shipping income of this type.Taxation of Gain on Our Sale of VesselsOn the sale of a vessel that has produced “effectively connected” income (as discussed above), we could be subject to net basis U.S.federal corporate income tax as well as branch profits tax with respect to the gain recognized up to the amount of certain prior deductions for depreciationthat reduced effectively connected income. Otherwise, we should not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to gain realized on the sale of a vessel,provided the sale is considered to occur outside of the United States (as determined under U.S. tax principles) and the gain is not attributable to an office orother fixed place of business maintained by us in the United States under U.S. federal income tax principles.Taxation of U.S. Holders of our Common StockThe following discussion is limited to persons that are “U.S. holders” of our common stock. For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S.holder” is a beneficial owner of our common stock that is: • an individual U.S. citizen or resident (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes); • a corporation (or other entity that is classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United States orany of its political subdivisions; • an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or • a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United Statespersons (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) have the authority to control all substantial decisions of that trust, or if the trust hasvalidly elected to be treated as a U.S. trust. If an entity treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a partnership holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner willgenerally depend upon the status of the partner, upon the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. If you are a partnerin a partnership considering an investment in our common stock, you should consult your tax advisor. 116 Table of ContentsDistributions on Our Common StockSubject to the discussion of “passive foreign investment companies” below, any distributions that you receive with respect to ourcommon stock generally will constitute dividends, which may be taxable as ordinary income or “qualified dividend income” as described below, to theextent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Distributions in excess of our earnings andprofits will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of your tax basis in our common stock and thereafter as gain from the sale of suchstock. We do not maintain calculations of earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that a distribution withrespect to your common stock generally will be treated as dividend income, even if that distribution might otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return ofcapital or as capital gain under the rules described above.Because we are not a U.S. corporation, if you are a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income taxpurposes), you will not be entitled to claim a dividends-received deduction with respect to any distributions you receive from us. Dividends paid with respectto our common stock will generally be treated as “passive category income” for purposes of computing allowable foreign tax credits for U.S. foreign taxcredit purposes.If you are an individual, trust or estate, dividends you receive from us should be treated as “qualified dividend income,” provided that:(i) our common stock is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, which we expect to be the case, provided that our commonstock continues to be listed on the NYSE; (ii) we are not a “passive foreign investment company” for the taxable year during which the dividend is paid orthe immediately preceding taxable year (see the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Status”); (iii) you have owned our commonstock for more than 60 days in the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the date on which the common stock become ex-dividend (and have not enteredinto certain risk limiting transactions with respect to such common stock); (iv) you are not under an obligation to make related payments with respect topositions in substantially similar or related property; and (v) you do not treat the dividends as “investment income” for purposes of the investment interestdeduction.Qualified dividend income is taxed at the preferential rates applicable to long-term capital gain, depending on the income level of thetaxpayer. Dividends you receive from us that are not eligible for the preferential rates will be taxed at the ordinary income rates.Special rules may apply to any amounts received in respect of our common stock that are treated as “extraordinary dividends.” Generally,an extraordinary dividend is a dividend with respect to a share of our common stock in an amount that is equal to or in excess of 10% of your adjusted taxbasis (or fair market value in certain circumstances) in such share of common stock. In addition, extraordinary dividends include dividends received within aone-year period that, in the aggregate, equal or exceed 20% of your adjusted tax basis (or fair market value in certain circumstances). If we pay anextraordinary dividend on any shares of our common stock that is treated as “qualified dividend income,” and you are an individual, estate or trust, then anyloss you derive from a subsequent sale or exchange of such shares of our common stock will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of suchdividend.Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Common StockProvided that we are not a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year during which you hold our common stock, yougenerally will recognize capital gain or loss upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock in an amount equal to the difference, if any,between the amount realized by you from such sale, exchange or other disposition and your tax basis in such common stock. Any such gain or loss will betreated as long-term capital gain or loss if your holding period is greater than one year at the time of the sale, exchange or other disposition. Any such capitalgain or loss will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss, as applicable, for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. If you are an individual, trust or estate,your long-term capital gains are currently subject to tax at preferential rates. Your ability to deduct capital losses against ordinary income is subject tolimitationsPassive Foreign Investment Company StatusSpecial U.S. federal income tax rules apply to you if you hold stock in a non-U.S. corporation that is classified as a PFIC for U.S. federalincome tax purposes. In general, we will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which, after applying certain look-through rules, either: • at least 75% of our gross income for such taxable year consists of “passive income” (e.g., dividends, interest, capital gains and rents derived other thanin the active conduct of a rental business); or • at least 50% of the quarterly average value of our assets during such taxable year consists of “passive assets” (i.e., assets that produce, or are held for theproduction of, passive income). 117 Table of ContentsFor purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC, we will be treated as earning and owning our proportionate share of the income andassets, respectively, of any of our subsidiary corporations in which we own at least 25% of the value of the subsidiary’s stock. Income we earn, or are deemedto earn, in connection with the performance of services will not constitute passive income. By contrast, rental income will generally constitute passiveincome (unless we are treated under certain special rules as deriving our rental income in the active conduct of a trade or business).Based upon our actual and projected income, assets and activities, we believe that we should not be a PFIC for our taxable year endedDecember 31, 2016 or for subsequent taxable years. However, no assurance can be given as to our current and future PFIC status, because such status requiresan annual factual determination based upon the composition of our income and assets for the entire taxable year. The PFIC determination also depends on theapplication of complex U.S. federal income tax rules concerning the classification of our income and assets for this purpose, and there are legal uncertaintiesinvolved in determining whether the income derived from our chartering activities and from our logistics activities constitutes rental income or incomederived from the performance of services. In Tidewater Inc. v. United States, 565 F.2d 299 (5th Cir. 2009), the Fifth Circuit held that income derived fromcertain time chartering activities should be treated as rental income rather than services income for purposes of a foreign sales corporation provision of theCode. The IRS has announced, in an Action on Decision (AOD 2010-001), its nonacquiescence with the court’s holding in the Tidewater case and, at thesame time, announced the position of the IRS that the vessel time charter agreements at issue in that case should be treated as service contracts. The IRS’AOD, however, is an administrative action that cannot be relied upon or otherwise cited as precedent by taxpayers. We have not sought, and we do not expectto seek, an IRS ruling on this issue. As a result, the IRS or a court could disagree with our position. In addition, although we intend to conduct our affairs in amanner to avoid, to the extent possible, being classified as a PFIC with respect to any taxable year, we cannot assure you that the nature of our operations, orthe nature or composition of our income or assets, will not change in the future, or that we can avoid PFIC status in the future.As discussed below, if we are a PFIC for a taxable year during which you actually or constructively own our common stock, yougenerally would be subject to one of three different U.S. federal income tax regimes, depending on whether or not you make certain elections. Additionally,for each year during which we are treated as a PFIC and you actually or constructively own common stock you generally will be required to file IRS Form8621 with your U.S. federal income tax return to report certain information concerning your ownership of our common stock. In the event that a person that isrequired to file IRS Form 8621 does not file such form, the statute of limitations on the assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes of such personfor the related tax year may not close until three years after the date that the required information is filed.The PFIC rules are complex, and you are encouraged to consult your own tax advisor regarding the PFIC rules, including the annualPFIC reporting requirement.Taxation of U.S. Holders That Make a Timely QEF ElectionIf we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which you actually or constructively own our common stock, and if you make atimely election to treat us as a “Qualifying Electing Fund” for U.S. tax purposes (a “QEF Election”), you would be required to report each year your pro ratashare of our ordinary earnings (as ordinary income) and our net capital gain (as long-term capital gain), if any, for our taxable year that ends with or withinyour taxable year, regardless of whether we make any distributions to you. Such income inclusions would not be eligible for the preferential tax ratesapplicable to qualified dividend income. Your adjusted tax basis in our common stock would be increased to reflect such taxed but undistributed earningsand profits. Distributions of earnings and profits that had previously been taxed would result in a corresponding reduction in your adjusted tax basis in ourcommon stock and would not be taxed again once distributed. You would generally recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other dispositionof our common stock. Even if you make a QEF Election for one of our taxable years, if we were a PFIC for a prior taxable year during which you held ourcommon stock and for which you did not make a timely QEF Election, you would also be subject to the more adverse rules described below under “—Taxation of U.S. Holders That Make No Election.” Additionally, to the extent any of our subsidiaries is a PFIC, your election to treat us as a “QualifyingElecting Fund” would not be effective with respect to your deemed ownership of the stock of such subsidiary and a separate QEF Election with respect tosuch subsidiary would be required.You would make a QEF Election by completing and filing IRS Form 8621 with your U.S. federal income tax return for the year for whichthe election is made in accordance with the relevant instructions. If we were to become aware that we were a PFIC for any taxable year, we would notify allU.S. holders of such treatment and would provide all necessary information to any U.S. holder who requests such information in order to make the QEFElection described above with respect to us and the relevant subsidiaries.A QEF Election generally will not have any effect with respect to any taxable year for which we are not a PFIC, but will remain in effectwith respect to any subsequent taxable year for which we are a PFIC. It should be noted that the beneficial effect of a QEF Election may be substantiallydiminished if such election is not made in the first year of your holding period in which we are a PFIC. If some instances, you may be permitted to make aQEF election that is retroactive to the beginning of your holding period if we unexpectedly are treated as a PFIC. 118 Table of ContentsTaxation of U.S. Holders That Make a Timely “Mark-to-Market” ElectionAlternatively, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which you actually or constructively own our common stockand, our common stock is treated as “marketable stock,” you would be allowed to make a “mark-to-market” election with respect to our common stock,provided you complete and file IRS Form 8621 with your U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which the election is made in accordance with therelevant instructions. If that election is made, you generally would include as ordinary income in each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market valueof our common stock at the end of the taxable year over your adjusted tax basis in our common stock. You also would be permitted an ordinary loss in respectof the excess, if any, of your adjusted tax basis in our common stock over the fair market value of such common stock at the end of the taxable year (but onlyto the extent of the net amount of gain previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election). Your tax basis in our common stock wouldbe adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amount. Gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock would be treated asordinary income, and any loss realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the common stock would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent thatsuch loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains you previously included. However, to the extent any of our subsidiaries is a PFIC, your“mark-to-market” election with respect to our common stock would not apply to your deemed ownership of the stock of such subsidiary. This maysignificantly limit the beneficial effect of making a mark-to-market election.It should be noted that the beneficial effect of a “mark-to-market” election may be substantially diminished if such election is not madein the first year of your holding period in which we are a PFIC.Taxation of U.S. Holders That Make No ElectionFinally, if we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which you actually or constructively own our common stock, and you donot make either a QEF Election or a “mark-to-market” election for that year, you would be subject to special rules with respect to (a) any excess distribution(that is, the portion of any distributions you receive on our common stock in a taxable year in excess of 125% of the average annual distributions youreceived in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, your holding period for our common stock) and (b) any gain realized on the sale, exchange orother disposition of our common stock. Under these special rules: (i) the excess distribution or gain would be allocated ratably over your aggregate holdingperiod for our common stock (ii) the amount allocated to the current taxable year would be taxed as ordinary income; and (iii) the amount allocated to eachof the other taxable years would be subject to tax at the highest rate of tax in effect for the applicable class of taxpayer for that year, and an interest charge forthe deemed deferral benefit would be imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each such other taxable year.If you died while owning our common stock, your successor generally would not receive a step-up in tax basis with respect to such sharesfor U.S. tax purposes.If we are treated as a PFIC during any taxable year during your holding period, unless you make a timely QEF Election, or a timely“mark-to-market” election, for the first taxable year in which you hold our common stock, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding yearsduring which you are treated as a direct or indirect U.S. holder, even if we are not a PFIC for such years. You are encouraged to consult your own tax advisorwith respect to any available elections that may be applicable in such a situation, as well as the IRS information and filing obligations that may arise as aresult of the ownership of shares in a PFIC.Taxation of Non-U.S. HoldersYou are a “non-U.S. holder” if you are a beneficial owner of our common stock (other than a partnership for U.S. federal income taxpurposes) and you are not a U.S. holder.Distributions on Our Common StockYou generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding taxes on a distribution with respect to our common stock, unlessthe income arising from such distribution is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States. If you are entitled to thebenefits of an applicable income tax treaty with respect to that income, such income generally is taxable in the United States only if it is attributable to apermanent establishment maintained by you in the United States.Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Our Common StockYou generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange or otherdisposition of our common stock, unless: • the gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if you are entitled to thebenefits of an applicable income tax treaty with respect to that gain, that gain is attributable to a permanent establishmentmaintained by you in the United States); or • you are an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of disposition and certainother conditions are met. 119 Table of ContentsGain that is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (or so treated) generally will be subject toU.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. If you are a corporate non-U.S. holder, your earnings and profitsthat are attributable to the effectively connected income (subject to certain adjustments) may be subject to an additional U.S. branch profits tax at a rate of30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty).Gain described in clause the second bullet point above (net of certain U.S.-source losses) will be taxed at a flat rate of 30% (or such lowerrate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty).U.S. Backup Withholding and Information ReportingIn general, if you are a non-corporate U.S. holder, distributions and proceeds from the disposition of our common stock may be subject toinformation reporting requirements. These payments to a non-corporate U.S. holder may also be subject to backup withholding tax if the non-corporate U.S.holder: (i) fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number; (ii) is notified by the IRS that it has become subject to backup withholding due to aprior failure to report all interest or distributions required to be shown on its federal income tax returns; or (iii) fails to comply with applicable certificationrequirements.If you are a non-U.S. holder, you may be required to establish your exemption from information reporting and backup withholding bycertifying your non-U.S. status on IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, W-8ECI or W-8IMY, as applicable.Backup withholding tax is not an additional tax. Rather, you generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under backupwithholding rules that exceed your income tax liability by accurately completing and timely filing a refund claim with the IRS.Tax Return Disclosure RequirementsIndividual U.S. holders (and to the extent specified in applicable Treasury Regulations, certain individual non-U.S. holders and certainU.S. holders that are entities) that hold certain specified foreign assets with values in excess of certain dollar thresholds are required to report such assets onIRS Form 8938 with their U.S. federal income tax return, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for foreign assets held in accounts maintainedwith U.S. financial institutions). Stock in a foreign corporation, including our common stock is a specified foreign asset for this purpose, unless such stock isheld in an account maintained with a U.S. financial institution. Substantial penalties apply for failure to properly complete and file Form 8938. You areencouraged to consult your own tax advisor regarding the filing of this form. Additionally, in the event that an individual U.S. holder (and to the extentspecified in applicable Treasury Regulations, an individual non-U.S. holder or a U.S. entity) that is required to file IRS Form 8938 does not file such form, thestatute of limitations on the assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes of such person for the related tax year may not close until three years afterthe date that the required information is filed. U.S. holders (including U.S. entities) and non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding theirreporting obligations with respect to specified foreign assets.F. Dividends and paying agentsNot applicable.G. Statement by expertsNot applicable.H. Documents on displayWe file reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These materials, including this annualreport and the accompanying exhibits, may be inspected and copied at the public facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549, or from the SEC’s website www.sec.gov. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling 1-(800)-SEC-0330 andyou may obtain copies at prescribed rates. 120 Table of ContentsI. Subsidiary informationNot applicable.Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RisksNavios Holdings is exposed to certain risks related to interest rate, foreign currency and charter rate risks. To manage these risks, NaviosHoldings may use interest rate swaps (for interest rate risk) and FFAs (for charter rate risk).Interest Rate Risk:Debt Instruments — On December 31, 2016 and 2015, Navios Holdings had a total of $1,675.4 million and $1,608.5 million,respectively, of long-term indebtedness. The debt is U.S. dollar-denominated and bears interest at a floating rate, except for the 2019 Notes, the 2022 Notes,the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes, the Navios Acquisition Loan and one Navios Logistics’ loan discussed in “Item 5.B Liquidity and Capital Resources” thatbear interest at a fixed rate.The interest on the loan facilities is at a floating rate and, therefore, changes in interest rates would affect their interest rate and relatedinterest expense. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount of the Company’s floating rate loan facilities was $307.8 million. The interest rate on the2019 Notes, the 2022 Notes, the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes, the Navios Acquisition Loan and one Navios Logistics’ loan is fixed and, therefore, changes ininterest rates affect their fair value, which as of December 31, 2016 was $1,025.7 million, but do not affect their related interest expense. A change in theLIBOR rate of 100 basis points would increase interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2016, by $2.9 million.For a detailed discussion on Navios Holdings’ debt instruments refer to section “Long-Term Debt Obligations and Credit Arrangements”included in Item 5.B. of this Annual Report.Interest Rate Swaps — Navios Holdings enters from time to time into interest rate swap contracts to hedge its exposure to variability inits floating rate long-term debt. Under the terms of interest rate swaps, Navios Holdings and the banks agree to exchange, at specified intervals, the differencebetween a paying fixed rate and floating rate interest amount calculated by reference to the agreed principal amounts and maturities. The interest rate swapsallow Navios Holdings to convert long-term borrowings issued at floating rates into equivalent fixed rates.There are no swap agreements as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, as all swap agreements expired during 2010.FFAs Derivative Risk:FFAs — Navios Holdings may enter into dry bulk shipping FFAs as economic hedges relating to identifiable ship and/or cargo positionsand as economic hedges of transactions that Navios Holdings expects to carry out in the normal course of its shipping business. By using FFAs, NaviosHoldings manages the financial risk associated with fluctuating market conditions. In entering into these contracts, the Company has assumed the risk thatmight arise from the possible inability of counterparties to perform in accordance with the terms of their contracts. The Company records all of its derivativefinancial instruments and hedges as economic hedges.Navios Holdings is exposed to market risk in relation to its FFAs and could suffer substantial losses from these activities in the eventexpectations are incorrect. Navios Holdings trades FFAs with an objective of both economically hedging the risk on the fleet, specific vessels or freightcommitments and taking advantage of short-term fluctuations in market prices. As there were no positions deemed to be open as of December 31, 2016, achange in underlying freight market indices would not have any effect on our net income/(loss).Inflation:Inflation has had a minimal impact on vessel operating expenses and general and administrative expenses. Our management does notconsider inflation to be a significant risk to direct expenses in the current and foreseeable economic environment.Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity SecuritiesNot applicable. 121 Table of ContentsPART IIItem 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and DelinquenciesNone.Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of ProceedsNone.Item 15. Controls and ProceduresA. Disclosure Controls and ProceduresThe Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation,pursuant to Rule 13a-15 (e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016.Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as ofDecember 31, 2016.Disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periodsspecified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act isaccumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similarfunctions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial ReportingThe management of Navios Holdings is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reportingas defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Navios Holdings’ internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assuranceregarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles in the United States.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections ofany evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that thedegree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.Navios Holdings’ management assessed the effectiveness of Navios Holdings’ internal control over financial reporting as ofDecember 31, 2016. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission(COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, NaviosHoldings’ internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.Navios Holdings’ independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report on Navios Holdings’ internal controlover financial reporting.C. Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmNavios Holdings’ independent registered public accounting firm has issued an audit report on Navios Holdings’ internal control overfinancial reporting. This report appears on Page F-2 of the consolidated financial statements.D. Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere have been no changes in internal controls over financial reporting (identified in connection with management’s evaluation of suchinternal controls over financial reporting) that occurred during the year covered by this Annual Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likelyto materially affect, Navios Holdings’ internal controls over financial reporting.Item 16. [Reserved]Item 16A. Audit Committee financial expertNavios Holdings’ Audit Committee consists of three independent directors, Spyridon Magoulas, Efstathios Loizos and George Malanga.The Board of Directors has determined that Efstathios Loizos qualifies as “an audit committee financial expert” as defined in the instructions of Item 16A ofForm 20-F. Mr. Loizos is independent under applicable NYSE and SEC standards. 122 Table of ContentsItem 16B. Code of EthicsNavios Holdings has adopted a code of ethics, the Navios Code of Corporate Conduct and Ethics, applicable to officers, directors andemployees of Navios Holdings that complies with applicable guidelines issued by the SEC. The Navios Code of Corporate Conduct and Ethics is availablefor review on Navios Holdings’ website at www.navios.com.Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and ServicesAudit FeesOur principal accountants for fiscal years 2016 and 2015 were PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A. The audit fees for the audit of the yearsended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $1.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively.The Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment, replacement, compensation, evaluation and oversight of the work of theindependent auditors. As part of this responsibility, the audit committee pre-approves the audit and non-audit services performed by the independent auditorsin order to assure that they do not impair the auditors’ independence from the Company. The Audit Committee may delegate, to one or more of its designatedmembers, the authority to grant such pre-approvals. The decision of any member to whom such authority is delegated is be presented to the full Committee ateach of its scheduled meetings.All audit services and other services provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A., after the formation of our Audit Committee inOctober 2005 were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.Audit-Related FeesThere were no audit-related fees billed in 2016 and 2015.Tax FeesThere were no tax fees billed in 2016 and 2015.All Other FeesThere were no other fees billed in 2016 and 2015.Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit CommitteesNot applicable.Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated PurchasersIn February 2008, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for up to $50.0 million of Navios Holdings’ commonstock. As of October 20, 2008, Navios Holdings concluded this share repurchase program and 6,959,290 shares were repurchased under this program, for atotal consideration of $50.0 million.In November 2008, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for up to $25.0 million of Navios Holdings’ commonstock. The program does not require any minimum purchase or any specific number or amount of shares and may be suspended or reinstated at any time inNavios Holdings’ discretion and without notice. Total repurchases under the program were $1.9 million.In November 2015, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for up to $25.0 million of Navios Holdings’ commonstock. Share repurchases were made pursuant to a program adopted under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act. Repurchases were subject torestrictions under the terms of the Company’s credit facilities and indenture. The program did not require any minimum purchase or any specific number oramount of shares and may be suspended or reinstated at any time in the Navios Holdings’ discretion and without notice. In particular, Navios Holdings,pursuant to the terms of its Series G and Series H, may not redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire its common shares or preferred shares, including the SeriesG and Series H (other than through an offer made to all holders of Series G and Series H) unless full cumulative dividends on the Series G and Series H, whenpayable, have been paid. In total, up until February 2016, 1,147,908 common stocks were repurchased under this program, for approximately $1.1 million.Since that time, this program has been suspended by the Company. 123 Table of ContentsItem 16F. Changes in Registrant’s Certifying AccountantNot applicable.Item 16G. Corporate GovernancePursuant to an exception for foreign private issuers, we are not required to comply with the corporate governance practices followed byU.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards. However, we have voluntarily adopted all of the NYSE required practices, except that, as permitted underMarshall Islands law, we do not need prior shareholder’s approval to adopt or re-use equity compensation plans, including our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.Item 16H. Mine Safety disclosuresNot applicable.PART IIIItem 17. Financial StatementsSee Item 18.Item 18. Financial StatementsThe financial information required by this Item is set forth on pages F-1 to F-61 and are filed as part of this annual report.Separate consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for Navios Partners and Navios Acquisition for each of the years endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are being provided as a result of Navios Partners and Navios Acquisition meeting a significance test pursuant toRule 3-09 of Regulation S-X and, accordingly, the financial statements of Navios Partners and Navios Acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2016 arerequired to be filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F. See Exhibit 15.4 for Navios Partners and Exhibit 15.5 for Navios Acquisition to this AnnualReport on Form 20-F.Item 19. Exhibits 1.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’sRegistration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-129382)). 1.2 Bylaws of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (FileNo. 333-129382)). 1.3 Articles of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to theRegistrant’s Form 6-K, filed on January 17, 2007). 2.1 Specimen Unit Certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (FileNo. 333-129382)). 2.2 Specimen Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (FileNo. 333-129382)). 2.3 Stockholders Rights Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2008, between Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer and TrustCompany (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on October 6, 2008). 2.4 Certificate of Designations of Rights, Preferences and Privileges of Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on October 6, 2008). 2.5 Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 7, 2009). 2.6 Form of $20.0 million 6% Bond Due 2012 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on August 5, 2009). 2.7 Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on September 22, 2009). 124 Table of Contents 2.8 Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on September 24, 2009). 2.9 Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 4, 2010). 2.10 Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on November 15, 2010). 2.11 Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on December 22, 2010). 2.12 Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated as of January 28, 2011, among Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., Navios MaritimeFinance II (US) Inc., the Guarantors party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 1, 2011). 2.12.1 First Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated as of June 24, 2011 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 22, 2011). 2.12.2 Second Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated as of December 29, 2011 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on January 26, 2012). 2.12.3 Third Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated April 18, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on May 21, 2012). 2.12.4 Fourth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated as of December 13, 2013 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 99.5 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on December 13, 2013). 2.12.5 Fifth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated as of February 20, 2014 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on March 3, 2014). 2.12.6 Sixth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated as of June 24, 2014 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 23, 2014). 2.12.7 Seventh Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated as of October 24, 2014 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on December 8, 2014). 2.12.8 Eighth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8 1⁄8% Senior Notes due 2019, dated as of December 22, 2015 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 25, 2016). 2.13 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2012, among Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., Navios Maritime Finance (US) Inc. andMorgan Stanley & Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, S. Goldman Capital LLC, Commerz Markets LLC, DVB Capital Markets LLC, DNBMarkets, Inc. and ABN AMRO Securities (USA) LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 18,2012). 2.14 Indenture relating to the 7.375% First Priority Ship Mortgage Notes due 2022, dated as of November 29, 2013, among Navios MaritimeHoldings Inc., Navios Logistics Finance II (US) Inc., the guarantors party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee andcollateral trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on December 13, 2013). 2.14.1 First Supplemental Indenture relating to the 7.375% First Priority Ship Mortgage Notes due 2022, dated as of February 20, 2014(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on March 3, 2014). 2.14.2 Second Supplemental Indenture relating to the 7.375% First Priority Ship Mortgage Notes due 2022, dated as of June 24, 2014 (Incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 23, 2014). 2.14.3 Third Supplemental Indenture relating to the 7.375% First Priority Ship Mortgage Notes due 2022, dated as of October 24, 2014(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on December 8, 2014). 2.14.4 Fourth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 7.375% First Priority Ship Mortgage Notes due 2022, dated as of October 24, 2014(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 25, 2016). 125 Table of Contents 2.15 Deposit Agreement, dated as of January 21, 2014, by and among Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., The Bank of New York Mellon, and the holdersfrom time to time of the American depositary receipts described therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-33311), filed on January 24, 2014). 2.16 Certificate of Designation of 8.75% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-33311), filed on January 24, 2014). 2.17 Form of American Depositary Receipt representing the American Depositary Shares (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.1 to theRegistrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-33311), filed on January 24, 2014). 2.18 Form of Certificate representing the 8.75% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-33311), filed on January 24, 2014). 2.19 Certificate of Designation of 8.625% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-33311), filed on July 7, 2014). 2.20 Form of Certificate representing the 8.625% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit4.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-33311), filed on July 7, 2014). 4.1 2006 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on May 16,2007). 4.2 Financial Agreement relating to a loan facility of up to $70.0 million, dated as of March 31, 2008, between Nauticler S.A. and Marfin EgnatiaBank, S.A. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on June 13, 2008). 4.3 Facility Agreement for a loan amount up to $133.0 million, dated as of June 24, 2008, by and between Shikhar Ventures S.A., Sizzling VenturesInc. and DnB NOR Bank ASA (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 14, 2008). 4.4 Third Supplemental Agreement in relation to the Facility Agreement dated February 1, 2007 for a loan facility of up to $280.0 million and arevolving credit facility of up to $120.0 million, dated March 23, 2009, between Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., Commerzbank AG and HSHNordbank AG (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on May 18, 2009). 4.5 Amendment to Share Purchase Agreement, dated June 29, 2009, by and between Anemos Maritime Holdings Inc. and Navios Maritime PartnersL.P. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 7, 2009). 4.6 Amendment to Omnibus Agreement, dated June 29, 2009, by and among Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., Navios GP L.L.C., Navios MaritimeOperating L.L.C. and Navios Maritime Partners L.P. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 7,2009). 4.7 Facility Agreement for a $240.0 million term loan facility, dated June 24, 2009, by and between Floral Marine Ltd., Nostos ShipmanagementCorp., Pandora Marine Inc., Red Rose Shipping Corp. and Commerzbank AG (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form6-K, filed on July 7, 2009). 4.8 Supplemental Agreement in relation to the Facility Agreement dated December 11, 2007 for a loan facility of up to $154.0 million, datedJuly 10, 2009, among Chilali Corp., Rumer Holding Ltd. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank ofGreece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on August 5, 2009). 4.9 Second Supplemental Agreement in relation to the Facility Agreement dated December 11, 2007 for a loan facility of up to $130.0 million, datedAugust 28, 2009, between Chilali Corp, Rumer Holding Ltd. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank ofGreece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on October 8, 2009). 4.10 Facility Agreement in respect of a loan of up to $75.0 million, dated August 28, 2009, between Kohylia Shipmanagement S.A., Ducale MarineInc. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank of Greece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 tothe Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on October 8, 2009). 4.11 Loan Agreement relating to a revolving credit facility of up to $110.0 million, dated October 23, 2009, between Navios Shipmanagement Inc.and Marfin Egnatia Bank S.A. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on November 10, 2009). 126 Table of Contents 4.12 Facility Agreement for a $150.0 million term loan facility, dated as of April 7, 2010, by and between Amorgos Shipping Corporation, AndrosShipping Corporation, Antiparos Shipping Corporation, Ikaria Shipping Corporation, Kos Shipping Corporation, Mytilene ShippingCorporation, Deutsche Schiffsbank AG, Alpha Bank AE and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on April 8, 2010). 4.13 Facility Agreement for a $75.0 million term loan facility, dated as of April 8, 2010, by and between Sifnos Corporation, Skiathos ShippingCorporation, Syros Shipping Corporation, Fortis Bank and DVB Bank SE (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form6-K, filed on April 8, 2010). 4.14 Fourth Supplemental Facility Agreement in relation to a term loan of $280.0 million and a reducing revolving credit facility of up to$120.0 million, dated as of January 8, 2010, by and between Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., Commerzbank AG and HSH Nordbank AG(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on May 18, 2010). 4.15 Fifth Supplemental Agreement in relation to a Facility Agreement dated February 1, 2007 (as amended) for a term loan facility of up to$280.0 million and a reducing revolving credit facility of up to $120.0 million, dated as of April 28, 2010, by and between Navios MaritimeHoldings Inc., Commerzbank AG and HSH Nordbank AG (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed onMay 18, 2010). 4.16 Facility Agreement for a $40.0 million term loan facility, dated as of August 20, 2010, by and between Faith Marine Ltd. and DnB NOR BankASA (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on September 1, 2010). 4.17 Loan Agreement for a loan up to $40.0 million, dated as of September 7, 2010, by and between Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation andNavios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on October 14, 2010). 4.18 Facility Agreement in respect of a loan of up to $40.0 million, dated as of September 30, 2010, between Aramis Navigation Inc. and CreditAgricole Corporate and Investment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank of Greece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’sForm 6-K, filed on October 14, 2010). 4.19 Amended and Restated Loan Agreement relating to a facility of up to $120.0 million, by and between Portorosa Marine Corp., Floral MaritimeLtd., the banks and financial institutions listed therein and Dekabank Deutsche Girozentrale (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theRegistrant’s Form 6-K, filed on November 15, 2010). 4.20 Supplemental Agreement relating to the Facility Agreement dated as of June 24, 2009 for a term loan facility of up to $240.0 million, datedJanuary 28, 2011, between Nostos Shipmanagement Corp, Red Rose Shipping Corp. and Commerzbank AG (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 4, 2011). 4.21 Supplemental Agreement relating to the Facility Agreement dated as of September 30, 2010 for a term loan facility of up to $40.0 million, datedJanuary 28, 2011, between Aramis Navigation Inc. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank of Greece S.A.)(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 4, 2011). 4.22 Supplemental Agreement relating to the Facility Agreement dated as of December 11, 2007 (as amended) for a term loan facility of up to$154.0 million, dated January 28, 2011, between Rumer Holding Ld. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (formerly EmporikiBank of Greece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 4, 2011). 4.23 Supplemental Agreement relating to the Facility Agreement dated as of August 28, 2009 (as amended) for a term loan facility of up to$75.0 million, dated January 28, 2011, between Kohylia Shipmanagement S.A., Ducale Marine Inc. and Credit Agricole Corporate andInvestment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank of Greece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed onFebruary 4, 2011). 4.24 Supplemental Agreement relating to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated as of October 27, 2010 in respect of a loan facility of upto $120.0 million, dated January 28, 2011, between Portorosa Marine Corp., Floral Marine Ltd., the banks and financial institutions listedthereto and Dekabank Deutsche Girozentrale (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 4, 2011). 4.25 Supplemental Agreement in relation to the Loan Agreement dated as of October 23, 2009 (as amended) for a revolving credit facility of up to$110.0 million, dated January 28, 2011, between Navios Shipmanagement Inc. and Marfin Egnatia Bank S.A. (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 4, 2011). 4.26 Sixth Supplemental Agreement in relation to the Facility Agreement dated February 1, 2007 (as amended) for a term loan facility of up to$280.0 million and a reducing revolving credit facility of up to $120.0 million, dated January 28, 2011, between Navios Maritime Holdings Inc.,Commerzbank AG and HSH Nordbank AG (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 4, 2011). 127 Table of Contents 4.27 Supplemental Agreement in relation to the Facility Agreement dated as of August 20, 2010 for a term loan facility of up to $40.0 million, datedJanuary 28, 2011, between Faith Marine Ltd. and DnB NOR Bank ASA (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K,filed on February 4, 2011). 4.28 Supplemental Agreement No. 2 relating to a Loan Agreement dated October 23, 2009 (as amended) in respect of a revolving credit facility of upto $110.0 million, dated May 6, 2011, between Marfin Popular Bank Public Co Ltd, Navios Shipmanagement Inc., Navios Maritime HoldingsInc. and Astra Maritime Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on May 25, 2011). 4.29 Administrative Services Agreement, dated April 12, 2011, between Navios South American Logistics Inc. and Navios Maritime Holdings Inc.(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on May 25, 2011). 4.30 Letter of Amendment No. 1 to the Loan Agreement dated September 7, 2010, dated October 21, 2010, between Navios Maritime AcquisitionCorporation and Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on May 25, 2011). 4.31 Facility Agreement No. 242 in respect of a loan up to $23.0 million, dated August 19, 2011, between Solange Shipping Ltd. and Credit AgricoleCorporate and Investment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank of Greece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form6-K, filed on August 25, 2011). 4.32 Letter Agreement No. 2 to the Loan Agreement dated September 7, 2010, dated November 8, 2011, between Navios Maritime AcquisitionCorporation and Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on November 28,2011). 4.33 Facility agreement in respect of a loan of up to $23.0 million, dated December 29, 2011, between Mandora Shipping Ltd. and Credit AgricoleCorporate and Investment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank of Greece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form6-K, filed on January 26, 2012). 4.34 Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2010, between Navios South American Logistics Inc., Navios Corporation and GrandallInvestment S.A (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Navios South American Logistics Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form F-4(Registration No. 333-179250), filed on January 31, 2012). 4.35 Facility agreement for a $42.0 million term loan facility, dated March 23, 2012, by and between Astra Maritime Corporation, Serenity ShippingEnterprises Inc., DVB Bank SE, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (formerly Emporiki Bank of Greece S.A.) and NorddeutscheLandesbank Girozentrale (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on April 6, 2012). 4.36 Fifth Supplemental Agreement relating to the Loan Agreement dated December 11, 2007 (as amended) for a term loan facility of up to$154.0 million, dated March 28, 2012, between Rumer Holding Ltd. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (formerly EmporikiBank of Greece S.A.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on April 6, 2012). 4.37 Second Supplemental Agreement relating to the Facility Agreement dated June 24, 2009 (as amended) for a term loan facility of up to$240.0 million, dated March 30, 2012, between Notros Shipmanagement Corp., Red Rose Shipping Corp. and Commerzbank AG (Incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on April 6, 2012). 4.38 Facility Agreement for a $40.0 million term loan facility, dated September 19, 2013, between Kleimar NV and DVB Bank SE (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on October 8, 2013). 4.39 Facility Agreement for a $22.5 million term loan facility, dated December 20, 2013, between Iris Shipping Corporation, Jasmine ShippingCorporation and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filedon March 3, 2014). 4.40 Loan Agreement, dated December 13, 2013, between Navios Europe Inc., Navios Partners Europe Finance Inc., Navios Acquisition EuropeFinance Inc. and Navios Holdings Europe Finance Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on March 3,2014). 4.41 Facility Agreement for a $65.5 million term loan facility, dated June 27, 2014, between Astra Maritime Corporation, Emery ShippingCorporation, Serenity Shipping Enterprises Inc., DVB Bank SE, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and Norddeutsche LandesbankGirozentrale (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on July 23, 2014). 4.42 Loan Agreement in respect of a loan of up to $31.0 million, dated November 6, 2014, between Lavender Shipping Corporation and Alpha BankA.E. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on December 8, 2014). 128 Table of Contents 4.43 Fourth Supplemental Agreement relating to the Facility Agreement dated as of June 24, 2009 (as amended) for a term loan facility of up to$240.0 million, dated March 31, 2015 between Nostos Shipmanagement Corp, Red Rose Shipping Corp. and Commerzbank AG (Incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on April 14, 2015). 4.44 Facility Agreement for a $41.0 million term loan facility, dated January 5, 2016, Triangle Shipping Corporation, Esmeralda ShippingCorporation, Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. and DVB Bank SE. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed onFebruary 25, 2016). 4.45 Third Supplemental Agreement related to the Facility Agreement (as amended) dated December 20, 2013 for a $22.5 million term loan facility,dated December 30, 2015, between Iris Shipping Corporation, Jasmine Shipping Corporation and Credit Agricole Corporate and InvestmentBank (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on February 25, 2016). 4.46 Loan Agreement for a Revolving Loan Facility of up to $50.0 million, dated as of March 9, 2016, between Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. andNavios Maritime Acquisition Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on March 9, 2016). 4.47 Termination of Loan Agreement, dated as of April 14, 2016, among Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. and Navios Maritime AcquisitionCorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.47 to the Registrant’s Form 20-F, filed on April 25, 2016). 4.48 Loan Facility Agreement for a Loan Facility of up to $70.0 million, dated as of September 19, 2016, by and between Navios Maritime HoldingsInc. and Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed onSeptember 21, 2016). 4.49 Loan Agreement for a Loan of up to $16.125 million, dated as of November 3, 2016, by and between Nostos Shipmanagement Corp. and AlphaBank A.E (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 6-K, filed on December 1, 2016). 8.1 List of subsidiaries. 12.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 12.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 13.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 15.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A. 15.2 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A. 15.3 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A. 15.4 Financial Statements of Navios Maritime Partners L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2016. 15.5 Financial Statements of Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2016.101 The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, formatted in eXtensibleBusiness Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015; (ii) Consolidated Statements ofComprehensive (Loss)/Income for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows foreach of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for each of the years endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 129 Table of ContentsSIGNATURENavios Maritime Holdings Inc. hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its Annual Report on Form 20-F and that ithas duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf. Navios Maritime Holdings Inc.By: /s/ Angeliki Frangou Name: Angeliki Frangou Title: Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerDate: April 27, 2017 130 Table of ContentsINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page NAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC. REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM F-2 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AT DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 F-3 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/INCOME FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND2014 F-4 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 F-5 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 F-7 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-8 F-1 Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and the Board of Directors ofNavios Maritime Holdings Inc.:In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income, changes inequity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) atDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 inconformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all materialrespects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for thesefinancial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control overfinancial reporting, included in “Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting”, appearing in Item 15(b) of the Company’s 2016Annual Report on Form 20-F. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financialreporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board(United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free ofmaterial misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financialstatements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accountingprinciples used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control overfinancial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, andtesting and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such otherprocedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financialreporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’sinternal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded asnecessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of thecompany are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assuranceregarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on thefinancial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of anyevaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degreeof compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate./s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A.Athens, GreeceApril 27, 2017 F-2 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Notes December 31,2016 December 31,2015 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 3, 11 $135,992 $163,412 Restricted cash 10, 11 5,386 13,480 Accounts receivable, net 4 65,829 64,813 Due from affiliate companies 15 8,548 12,669 Inventories 28,489 24,443 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 5 28,896 24,142 Total current assets 273,140 302,959 Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets 6 136,891 73,949 Vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets, net 6 1,821,101 1,823,961 Deferred dry dock and special survey costs, net 37,781 40,216 Loan receivable from affiliate companies 11, 15 23,008 16,474 Long-term receivable from affiliate companies 11, 15 11,105 — Investments in affiliates 8 160,071 381,746 Investments in available-for-sale securities 11, 22 — 5,173 Other long-term assets 2,647 3,542 Intangible assets other than goodwill 7 126,815 150,457 Goodwill 2, 18 160,336 160,336 Total non-current assets 2,479,755 2,655,854 Total assets $2,752,895 $2,958,813 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable $85,538 $72,605 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 7, 9, 15 91,749 103,095 Deferred income and cash received in advance 15 9,183 13,492 Due to affiliate companies 15 32,847 17,791 Current portion of capital lease obligations 6, 11 2,639 2,929 Current portion of long-term debt, net 10, 11 29,827 16,944 Total current liabilities 251,783 226,856 Senior and ship mortgage notes, net 10, 11 1,296,537 1,350,941 Long-term debt, net of current portion 10, 11 274,855 213,423 Capital lease obligations, net of current portion 6, 11 14,978 17,720 Unfavorable lease terms 7 — 7,526 Other long-term liabilities and deferred income 15 43,388 20,878 Loan payable to affiliate company 10, 11 49,876 — Long-term payable to affiliate companies 15 6,399 — Deferred tax liability 20 11,526 10,917 Total non-current liabilities 1,697,559 1,621,405 Total liabilities 1,949,342 1,848,261 Commitments and contingencies 13 — — Stockholders’ equity Preferred Stock — $0.0001 par value, authorized 1,000,000 shares, 49,504 and 73,935 issued and outstanding asof December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 16 — — Common stock — $0.0001 par value, authorized 250,000,000 shares, 117,131,407 and 110,468,753 issued andoutstanding, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 16 12 11 Additional paid-in capital 678,531 726,791 Accumulated other comprehensive loss — (445) (Accumulated deficit)/Retained earnings (256) 262,603 Total Navios Holdings stockholders’ equity 678,287 988,960 Noncontrolling interest 21 125,266 121,592 Total stockholders’ equity 803,553 1,110,552 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $2,752,895 $2,958,813 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-3 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/INCOME(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share and per share data) Note Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Revenue 18 $419,782 $480,820 $569,016 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates 15 21,799 16,177 14,300 Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses 15 (175,072) (247,882) (263,304) Direct vessel expenses 15 (127,396) (128,168) (130,064) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates 15 (21,799) (16,177) (14,300) General and administrative expenses (25,295) (34,183) (45,590) Depreciation and amortization 6, 7 (113,825) (120,310) (104,690) Provision for losses on accounts receivable 4 (1,304) (59) (792) Interest income 15 4,947 2,370 5,515 Interest expense and finance cost 17 (113,639) (113,151) (113,660) Gain/ (loss) on bond and debt extinguishment 10 29,187 — (27,281) Other income 23 18,175 4,840 15,639 Other expense 22 (11,665) (34,982) (24,520) Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliated companies $(96,105) $(190,705) $(119,731) Equity/(loss) in net earnings of affiliated companies 8, 15, 18 (202,779) 61,484 57,751 Loss income before taxes $(298,884) $(129,221) $(61,980) Income tax (expense)/ benefit 20 (1,265) 3,154 (84) Net loss $(300,149) $(126,067) $(62,064) Less: Net (income)/loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest 21 (3,674) (8,045) 5,861 Net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(303,823) $(134,112) $(56,203) Loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders, basic 19 $(273,105) $(150,314) $(66,976) Loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders, diluted 19 $(273,105) $(150,314) $(66,976) Basic net loss per share attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(2.54) $(1.42) $(0.65) Weighted average number of shares, basic 19 107,366,783 105,896,235 103,476,614 Diluted net loss per share attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(2.54) $(1.42) $(0.65) Weighted average number of shares, diluted 19 107,366,783 105,896,235 103,476,614 Other comprehensive income/(loss) Unrealized holding gain/ (loss) on investments in-available-for-sale securities 22 100 (1,649) (959) Reclassification to earnings 22 345 1,782 11,553 Total other comprehensive income $445 $133 $10,594 Total comprehensive loss (299,704) (125,934) (51,470) Comprehensive (income)/ loss attributable to noncontrolling interest $(3,674) $(8,045) $5,861 Total comprehensive loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(303,378) $(133,979) $(45,609) See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-4 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) Note Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss $(300,149) $(126,067) $(62,064) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 6, 7 113,825 120,310 104,690 Amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs 17 5,653 4,524 4,061 Amortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs 13,768 13,340 12,263 Provision for losses on accounts receivable 4 1,304 59 792 Share based compensation 12 3,446 5,591 7,719 (Gain)/ loss on bond and debt extinguishment 10 (29,187) — 4,786 Income tax expense/ (benefit) 20 1,265 (3,154) 84 Realized holding loss on investments in-available-for-sale-securities 22 345 1,782 11,553 (Equity)/loss in affiliates, net of dividends received 8, 15 219,417 (30,398) (22,179) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: (Increase)/decrease in restricted cash (2,906) 198 (168) Decrease/ (increase) in accounts receivable (2,350) 20,588 (107) (Increase)/ decrease in inventories (4,046) 8,079 (5,933) (Increase)/ decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets (4,313) 375 6,446 (Increase)/ decrease in due from affiliate companies (6,984) 13,802 (18,263) Increase in accounts payable 7,209 17,606 1,738 (Decrease)/ increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities (9,159) 3,104 31,154 Increase in due to affiliate companies 22,694 14,142 — (Decrease)/ increase in deferred income and cash received in advance (4,309) 1,046 (770) Increase/(decrease) in other long-term liabilities and deferred income 22,493 3,391 (8,509) Payments for drydock and special survey costs (11,096) (24,840) (10,970) Net cash provided by operating activities $36,920 $43,478 $56,323 INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Acquisition of intangible assets 7 — — (10,200) Loan to affiliate company 15 (4,275) (7,327) (4,465) Decrease/(increase) in long-term receivable from affiliate companies 15 — 10,351 (5,087) Dividends from affiliate companies 8 — 18,244 14,595 Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets 6 (86,911) (26,713) (45,337) Acquisition of investments in affiliates 8 — (22,846) (2,233) Acquisition of vessels 6 (60,115) — (123,541) Purchase of property, equipment and other fixed assets 6 (4,567) (8,208) (68,620) Disposal of available-for-sale securities 22 5,303 — — Net cash used in investing activities $(150,565) $(36,499) $(244,888) F-5 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) Note Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Repurchase of preferred stock 16 $(9,323) $— $— Repurchase of senior notes 10 (30,671) — — Proceeds from loan payable to affiliate company 15 50,000 — — Proceeds from long-term loans 10 116,331 — 72,250 Proceeds from issuance of senior and ship mortgage notes including premium, net of debtissuance costs 10 — — 365,668 Repayment of long-term debt and payment of principal 10 (40,737) (36,056) (20,761) Repayment of senior and ship mortgage notes 10 — — (290,000) Payments of obligations under capital leases 6 (3,032) (1,501) (1,399) Debt issuance costs (2,844) (50) (1,223) Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 16 — — 163,602 Decrease / (increase) in restricted cash 11,000 (11,114) (355) Payment for acquisition of intangible asset 7 — (6,800) — Acquisition of treasury stock 16 (818) (252) — Acquisition of noncontrolling interest 21 — — (10,889) Contribution from noncontrolling shareholders 6, 21 — — 3,484 Issuance of common stock 16 — — 643 Dividends paid (3,681) (35,350) (32,730) Net cash provided by/ (used in) financing activities $86,225 $(91,123) $248,290 (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (27,420) (84,144) 59,725 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 163,412 247,556 187,831 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $135,992 $163,412 $247,556 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest $108,380 $108,461 $92,776 Cash paid for income taxes $92 $139 $694 Non-cash investing and financing activities Purchase of property, equipment and other fixed assets 6 $(472) $(710) $(624) Acquisition of intangible assets 7 $— $— $(6,800) Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets 6 $(5,726) $(1,871) $— Debt issuance costs $— $— $(225) Revaluation of vessels due to restructuring of capital lease obligations 6 $— $210 $— Decrease in capital lease obligations due to restructuring $— $(210) $— Dividends payable $— $3,081 $3,081 Accrued interest on loan receivable from affiliate company 15 $2,259 $1,356 $645 Accrued interest on loan payable to affiliate company 10, 15 $(1,240) $— $— See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-6 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Number ofPreferredShares PreferredStock Number ofCommonShares CommonStock AdditionalPaid-inCapital RetainedEarnings/(AccumulatedDeficit) AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome/(Loss) TotalNavios Holdings’Stockholders’Equity NoncontrollingInterest TotalStockholders’Equity BalanceDecember 31,2013 8,479 $— 104,261,029 $10 $552,778 $524,079 $(11,172) $1,065,695 $123,640 $1,189,335 Net loss — — — — — (56,203) — (56,203) (5,861) (62,064) Total othercomprehensiveincome — — — — — — 10,594 10,594 — 10,594 Issuance of preferredstock, net ofexpenses (Note 16) 68,000 — — — 163,602 — — 163,602 — 163,602 Conversion ofpreferred stock tocommon stock(Note 16) (1,410) — 1,410,000 1 — — — 1 — 1 Contribution fromnoncontrollingshareholders (Note6 and 21) — — — — — — — — 3,484 3,484 Acquisition ofnoncontrollinginterest (Note 21) — — — — (3,173) — — (3,173) (7,716) (10,889) Stock-basedcompensationexpenses (Note 16) — — 184,937 — 8,258 — — 8,258 — 8,258 Cancellation ofshares (Note 16) — — (24,248) — — — — — — — Dividends declared/paid — — — — — (35,811) — (35,811) — (35,811) BalanceDecember 31,2014 75,069 $— 105,831,718 $11 $721,465 $432,065 $(578) $1,152,963 $113,547 $1,266,510 Net loss — — — — — (134,112) — (134,112) 8,045 (126,067) Total othercomprehensiveincome — — — — — — 133 133 — 133 Conversion ofpreferred stock tocommon stock(Note 16) (1,134) — 1,134,000 — — — — — — — Stock-basedcompensationexpenses (Note 16) — — 3,711,678 — 5,578 — — 5,578 — 5,578 Cancellation ofshares (Note 16) — — (9,319) — — — — — — — Acquisition oftreasury stock(Note 16) — — (199,324) — (252) — — (252) — (252) Dividends declared/paid — — — — — (35,350) — (35,350) — (35,350) BalanceDecember 31,2015 73,935 $— 110,468,753 $11 $726,791 $262,603 $(445) $988,960 $121,592 $1,110,552 Net loss — — — — — (303,823) — (303,823) 3,674 (300,149) Total othercomprehensiveincome — — — — — — 445 445 — 445 Tender Offer -Redemption ofpreferred stock(Note 16) (24,431) — 7,589,176 1 (50,888) 41,564 — (9,323) — (9,323) Stock-basedcompensationexpenses (Note 16) — — 24,970 — 3,446 — — 3,446 — 3,446 Cancellation ofshares (Note 16) — — (2,908) — — — — — — — Acquisition oftreasury stock(Note 16) — — (948,584) — (818) — — (818) — (818) Dividends declared/paid — — — — — (600) — (600) — (600) BalanceDecember 31,2016 49,504 $— 117,131,407 $12 $678,531 $(256) $— $678,287 $125,266 $803,553 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-7 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data)NOTE 1: DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESSNavios Maritime Holdings Inc. (“Navios Holdings” or the “Company”) (NYSE:NM) is a global, vertically integrated seaborne shipping andlogistics company focused on the transport and transshipment of dry bulk commodities, including iron ore, coal and grain.Navios LogisticsNavios South American Logistics Inc. (“Navios Logistics”), a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, is one of the largest logistics companiesin the Hidrovia region of South America, focusing on the Hidrovia river system, the main navigable river system in the region, and on cabotage trades alongthe eastern coast of South America. Navios Logistics is focused on providing its customers integrated transportation, storage and related services through itsport facilities, its large, versatile fleet of dry and liquid cargo barges and its product tankers. Navios Logistics serves the needs of a number of growing SouthAmerican industries, including mineral and grain commodity providers as well as users of refined petroleum products. As of December 31, 2016, NaviosHoldings owns 63.8% of Navios Logistics.Navios PartnersNavios Maritime Partners L.P. (“Navios Partners”) (NYSE:NMM) is an international owner and operator of dry cargo vessels and is engaged inseaborne transportation services of a wide range of dry cargo commodities including iron ore, coal, grain, fertilizer and also containers, chartering its vesselsunder medium to long-term charters.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings owned a 20.0% interest in Navios Partners, including a 2.0% general partner interest.Navios AcquisitionNavios Maritime Acquisition Corporation (“Navios Acquisition”) (NYSE: NNA), an affiliate of the Company, is an owner and operator of tankervessels focusing in the transportation of petroleum products (clean and dirty) and bulk liquid chemicals.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings’ ownership of the outstanding voting stock of Navios Acquisition was 43.4% and its economicinterest was 46.1%.Navios MidstreamNavios Maritime Midstream Partners L.P. (“Navios Midstream”) (NYSE: NAP) is a publicly traded master limited partnership which owns andoperates crude oil tankers under long-term employment contracts.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings owned no direct equity interest in Navios Midstream.Navios Europe IOn October 9, 2013, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe Inc. (“Navios Europe I”) and hadeconomic interest of 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively. Navios Europe I is engaged in the marine transportation industry through the ownership of fivetanker and five container vessels. Effective November 2014, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners have voting interest of 50%, 50% and0%, respectively.Navios Europe IIOn February 18, 2015, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe (II) Inc. (“Navios Europe II”) andhad economic interests of 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively and voting interests of 50%, 50% and 0%, respectively. Navios Europe II is engaged in themarine transportation industry through the ownership of seven dry bulkers and seven container vessels. NOTE 2: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (a)Basis of presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally acceptedin the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). F-8 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) (b)Principles of consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Navios Holdings, a Marshall Islandscorporation, and both its majority and wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in theconsolidated statements.The Company also consolidates entities that are determined to be variable interest entities (“VIE”) as defined in the accounting guidance, if theCompany determines that it is the primary beneficiary. A VIE is defined as a legal entity where either (i) equity interest holders as a group lack thecharacteristics of a controlling financial interest, including decision making ability and an interest in the entity’s residual risks and rewards, or (ii) theequity interest holders have not provided sufficient equity investment to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinatedfinancial support, or (iii) the voting rights of some investors are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity, theirrights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, or both and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted onbehalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights.Based on internal forecasts and projections that take into account reasonably possible changes in our trading performance, management believes thatthe Company has adequate financial resources to continue in operation and meet its financial commitments, including but not limited to capitalexpenditures and debt service obligations, for a period of at least twelve months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.Accordingly, the Company continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.Subsidiaries: Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company has an interest of more than one half of the voting rights or otherwise has power togovern the financial and operating policies of the entity. The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries.The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given up, shares issued or liabilities undertaken at the date of acquisition. Theexcess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. All subsidiaries includedin the consolidated financial statements are 100% owned, except for Navios Logistics, which is 63.8% owned by Navios Holdings and Navios AsiaLLC (“Navios Asia”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, which were 51.0% owned by Navios Holdings, until May 2014, when Navios Holdingsbecame the sole shareholder.Investments in Affiliates: Affiliates are entities over which the Company generally has between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, or over which theCompany has significant influence, but it does not exercise control. Investments in these entities are accounted for under the equity method ofaccounting. Under this method, the Company records an investment in the stock of an affiliate at cost, and adjusts the carrying amount for its share ofthe earnings or losses of the affiliate subsequent to the date of investment and reports the recognized earnings or losses in income. Dividends receivedfrom an affiliate reduce the carrying amount of the investment. The Company recognizes gains and losses in earnings for the issuance of shares by itsaffiliates, provided that the issuance of shares qualifies as a sale of shares. When the Company’s share of losses in an affiliate equals or exceeds itsinterest in the affiliate, the Company does not recognize further losses, unless the Company has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of theaffiliate.Affiliates included in the financial statements accounted for under the equity methodIn the consolidated financial statements of Navios Holdings, the following entities are included as affiliates and are accounted for under the equitymethod for such periods: (i) Navios Partners and its subsidiaries (ownership interest as of December 31, 2016 was 20.0%, which includes a 2.0% generalpartner interest); (ii) Navios Acquisition and its subsidiaries (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 46.1%); (iii) Acropolis Chartering andShipping Inc. (“Acropolis”) (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 35.0%), (iv) Navios Europe I and its subsidiaries (economic interest as ofDecember 31, 2016 was 47.5%); and (v) Navios Europe II and its subsidiaries (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 47.5%). F-9 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Subsidiaries Included in the Consolidation: Statement of OperationsCompany Name Nature OwnershipInterest Country ofIncorporation 2016 2015 2014Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. Holding Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Corporation Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios International Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navimax Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Handybulk Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Hestia Shipping Ltd. Operating Company 100% Malta 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Anemos Maritime Holdings Inc. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Shipmanagement Inc. Management Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31NAV Holdings Limited Sub-Holding Company 100% Malta 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Kleimar N.V. Operating Company/Vessel Owning Company/Management Company 100% Belgium 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Kleimar Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Bulkinvest S.A. Operating Company 100% Luxembourg 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Primavera Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Ginger Services Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Aquis Marine Corp. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Tankers Management Inc. Management Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Astra Maritime Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Achilles Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Apollon Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Herakles Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Hios Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Ionian Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Kypros Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Meridian Shipping Enterprises Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Mercator Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Arc Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Horizon Shipping Enterprises Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Magellan Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Aegean Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Star Maritime Enterprises Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Corsair Shipping Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Rowboat Marine Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Beaufiks Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Nostos Shipmanagement Corp. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Portorosa Marine Corp. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Shikhar Ventures S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% Liberia 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Sizzling Ventures Inc. Operating Company 100% Liberia 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Rheia Associates Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Taharqa Spirit Corp. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Rumer Holding Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Pharos Navigation S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Pueblo Holdings Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Quena Shipmanagement Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Aramis Navigation Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31White Narcissus Marine S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% Panama 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios GP L.L.C. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Red Rose Shipping Corp. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 F-10 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Statement of OperationsCompany Name Nature OwnershipInterest Country ofIncorporation 2016 2015 2014Highbird Management Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Ducale Marine Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Vector Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Faith Marine Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Liberia 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Maritime Finance (US) Inc. Operating Company 100% Delaware 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. Operating Company 100% Delaware 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Tulsi Shipmanagement Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Cinthara Shipping Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Rawlin Services Company Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Mauve International S.A. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Serenity Shipping Enterprises Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Mandora Shipping Ltd Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Solange Shipping Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Diesis Ship Management Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Holdings Europe Finance Inc. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31Navios Asia LLC Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 5/19 - 12/31Iris Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 5/19 - 12/31Jasmine Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 5/19 - 12/31Emery Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 6/4 - 12/31Lavender Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 11/24 - 12/31Esmeralda Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/12 - 12/31 — — Triangle Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/12 - 12/31 — — Roselite Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 10/9 - 12/31 — Smaltite Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 10/9 - 12/31 — Motiva Trading Ltd Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. 11/2 - 12/31 — — (c)Use of Estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S.GAAP requires management to make estimates andassumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the financialstatements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an on-going basis, management evaluates the estimatesand judgments, including those related to uncompleted voyages, future drydock dates, the assessment of other-than-temporary impairment related tothe carrying value of investments in affiliates, the selection of useful lives for tangible assets, expected future cash flows from long-lived assets tosupport impairment tests, impairment test for goodwill, provisions necessary for accounts receivables and demurrages, provisions for legal disputes,pension benefits, contingencies and guarantees. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factorsthat are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assetsand liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions and/orconditions. (d)Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, deposits held on call with banks, and other short-term liquidinvestments with original maturities of three months or less. (e)Restricted Cash: As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, restricted cash included $1,896 and $1,890, respectively, which related to amounts held in aretention account in order to service debt and interest payments, and $0 and $11,000, respectively, which related to additional security, as required bycertain of Navios Holdings’ credit facilities. Also included in restricted cash as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are amounts held as security in the formof letters of guarantee or letters of credit totaling $590 for both reporting periods. As of December 31, 2016, restricted cash also included $2,900 whichrelated to amounts held in a Navios Logistics’ retention as part of the Vale International S.A. (“Vale”) arbitration in New York. See also Note 13. (f)Insurance Claims: Insurance claims at each balance sheet date consist of claims submitted and/or claims in the process of compilation or submission(claims pending). They are recorded on an accrual basis and represent the claimable expenses, net of applicable deductibles, incurred throughDecember 31 of each reporting period, which are probable to be recovered from insurance companies. Any remaining costs to complete the claims areincluded in accrued liabilities. The classification of insurance claims into current and non-current assets is based on management’s expectations as totheir collection dates. (g)Inventories: Inventories, which are comprised of lubricants, bunkers (when applicable) and stock provisions on board of the vessels, as well aspetroleum products held by Navios Logistics, are valued at cost as determined on the first-in, first-out basis. F-11 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) (h)Vessels, Port Terminals, Tanker Vessels, Barges, Pushboats and Other Fixed Assets, net: Vessels, port terminals, tanker vessels, barges, pushboats andother fixed assets acquired as parts of business combinations are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition, and if acquired as an asset acquisition,are recorded at cost (including transaction costs). Vessels constructed by the company would be stated at historical cost, which consists of the contractprice, capitalized interest and any material expenses incurred upon acquisition (improvements and delivery expenses). Subsequent expenditures formajor improvements and upgrades are capitalized, provided they appreciably extend the life, increase the earnings capability or improve the efficiencyor safety of the vessels. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the accounts at the time of sale orretirement and any gain or loss is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income.Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.Depreciation is computed using the straight line method over the useful life of the vessels, port terminals, tanker vessels, barges, push boats and otherfixed assets, after considering the estimated residual value.Annual depreciation rates used, which approximate the useful life of the assets are: Vessels 25 yearsPort terminals 5 to 40 yearsTanker vessels, barges and push boats 15 to 45 yearsFurniture, fixtures and equipment 3 to 10 yearsComputer equipment and software 5 yearsLeasehold improvements shorter of lease term or 6 yearsManagement estimates the residual values of the Company’s dry bulk vessels based on a scrap value cost of steel times the weight of the ship noted inlightweight tons (“LWT”). Residual values are periodically reviewed and revised to recognize changes in conditions, new regulations or other reasons.Revisions of residual values affect the depreciable amount of the vessels and the depreciation expense in the period of the revision and future periods.Management estimates the residual values of the Company’s vessels based on a scrap rate of $340 per LWT after considering current market trends forscrap rates and ten-year average historical scrap rates of the residual values of the Company’s vessels.Management estimates the useful life of its vessels to be 25 years from the vessel’s original construction. However, when regulations place limitationson the ability of a vessel to trade on a worldwide basis, its useful life is re-estimated to end at the date such regulations become effective. An increase inthe useful life of a vessel or in its residual value would have the effect of decreasing the annual depreciation charge and extending it into later periods.A decrease in the useful life of a vessel or in its residual value would have the effect of increasing the annual depreciation charge. (i)Deposits for Vessels, Port Terminals and Other Fixed Assets: This represents amounts paid by the Company in accordance with the terms of thepurchase agreements for the construction of vessels, port terminals and other long-lived fixed assets. Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixedassets also include pre-delivery expenses. Pre-delivery expenses represent any direct costs to bring the asset to the location and condition necessary forit to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Interest costs incurred during the construction (until the asset is substantiallycomplete and ready for its intended use) are capitalized. Capitalized interest for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to$5,843, $5,154 and $2,334, respectively. (j)Assets Held for Sale: It is the Company’s policy to dispose of vessels and other fixed assets when suitable opportunities occur and not necessarily tokeep them until the end of their useful life. The Company classifies assets and disposal groups as being held for sale when the following criteria aremet: management has committed to a plan to sell the asset (disposal group); the asset (disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its presentcondition; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset (disposal group) have been initiated; thesale of the asset (disposal group) is probable, and transfer of the asset (disposal group) is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale withinone year; the asset (disposal group) is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actionsrequired to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. Long-lived assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. These assetsare not depreciated once they meet the criteria to be held for sale. No assets were classified as held for sale in any of the periods presented. F-12 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) (k)Impairment of Long Lived Assets: Vessels, other fixed assets and other long-lived assets held and used by Navios Holdings are reviewed periodicallyfor potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular asset may not be fullyrecoverable. Navios Holdings’ management evaluates the carrying amounts and periods over which long-lived assets are depreciated to determine ifevents or changes in circumstances have occurred that would require modification to their carrying values or useful lives. In evaluating useful lives andcarrying values of long-lived assets, certain indicators of potential impairment are reviewed, such as undiscounted projected operating cash flows,vessel sales and purchases, business plans and overall market conditions.Undiscounted projected net operating cash flows are determined for each asset group and compared to the carrying value of the vessel, the unamortizedportion of deferred drydock and special survey costs related to the vessel and the related carrying value of the intangible assets with respect to the timecharter agreement attached to that vessel or the carrying value of deposits for newbuildings. Within the shipping industry, vessels are customarilybought and sold with a charter attached. The value of the charter may be favorable or unfavorable when comparing the charter rate to then-currentmarket rates. The loss recognized either on impairment (or on disposition) will reflect the excess of carrying value over fair value (selling price) for thevessel asset group.During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016, management concluded that events occurred and circumstances had changed, which indicated thatpotential impairment of Navios Holdings’ long-lived assets might exist. These indicators included continued deterioration in the spot market, and therelated impact of the current dry bulk sector has on management’s expectation for future revenues. As a result, an impairment assessment of long-livedassets (step one) was performed.The Company determined undiscounted projected net operating cash flows for each vessel and compared it to the vessel’s carrying value together withthe carrying value of deferred drydock and special survey costs related to the vessel and the carrying value of the related intangible assets, ifapplicable. The significant factors and assumptions used in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow analysis included: determining theprojected net operating cash flows by considering the charter revenues from existing time charters for the fixed fleet days (the Company’s remainingcharter agreement rates) and an estimated daily time charter equivalent for the unfixed days (based on a combination of one-year average historicaltime charter rates and 10-year average historical one-year time charter rates, adjusted for outliers) over the remaining economic life of each vessel, netof brokerage and address commissions excluding days of scheduled off-hires, running cost based on current year actuals, assuming an annual increaseof 0.8% after 2017 and a utilization rate of 99.2% based on the fleet’s historical performance.The assessment concluded that step two of the impairment analysis was not required and no impairment of vessels and the related intangible assetsexisted as of December 31, 2016, as the undiscounted projected net operating cash flows exceeded the carrying value.In the event that impairment would occur, the fair value of the related asset would be determined and an impairment charge would be recorded tooperations calculated by comparing the asset’s carrying value to its fair value. Fair value is typically estimated primarily through the use of third-partyvaluations performed on an individual vessel basis.Although management believes the underlying assumptions supporting this assessment are reasonable, if the charter rate trends and the length of themarket downturn vary significantly from our forecasts, Navios Holdings may be exposed to material impairment charges in the future.No impairment loss was recognized for any of the periods presented. (l)Deferred Drydock and Special Survey Costs: The Company’s vessels, barges and push boats are subject to regularly scheduled drydocking and specialsurveys which are carried out every 30 and 60 months, respectively, for ocean-going vessels, and every 84 months for push boats and barges, tocoincide with the renewal of the related certificates issued by the classification societies, unless a further extension is obtained in rare cases and undercertain conditions. The costs of drydocking and special surveys are deferred and amortized over the above periods or to the next drydocking or specialsurvey date if such date has been determined. Unamortized drydocking or special survey costs of vessels, barges and push boats sold are written-off toincome in the year the vessel, barge or push boat is sold.Costs capitalized as part of the drydocking or special survey consist principally of the actual costs incurred at the yard, and expenses relating to spareparts, paints, lubricants and services incurred solely during the drydocking or special survey period. For each of the years ended December 31, 2016,2015 and 2014, the amortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs was $13,768, $13,340, and $12,263, respectively. (m)Deferred Financing Costs: Deferred financing costs include fees, commissions and legal expenses associated with obtaining or modifying loanfacilities. Deferred financing costs are presented as a deduction from the corresponding liability. These costs are amortized over the life of the relateddebt using the effective interest rate method, and are included in interest expense. Amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs for each of theyears ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $5,653, $4,524 and $4,061, respectively. See also Note 17. F-13 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) (n)Goodwill and Other Intangibles(i) Goodwill: Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually.The Company evaluates impairment of goodwill using a two-step process. First, the aggregate fair value of the reporting unit is compared to itscarrying amount, including goodwill (step one). The Company determines the fair value of the reporting unit based on a combination of the incomeapproach (i.e. discounted cash flows) and market approach (i.e. comparative market multiples) and believes that the combination of these twoapproaches is the best indicator of fair value for its individual reporting units. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying amount, noimpairment exists. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, then the Company must perform the second step (step two) todetermine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill and compare it with its carrying amount. The implied fair value of goodwill isdetermined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all the assets and liabilities of that reporting unit, as if the reporting unit had beenacquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price. If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds theimplied fair value, then goodwill impairment is recognized by writing the goodwill down to its implied fair value.As of December 31, 2016, the Company performed its impairments test for its reporting units within: the Dry Bulk Vessel Operations and the LogisticsBusiness. During the fourth quarter 2016, the overall shipping market continued to experience significant deteriorating market conditions, especiallyin the dry bulk sector with sharp declines in freight rates, charter rates and vessel values. Additionally, the Company’s market capitalization continuedto deteriorate to levels well below the carrying value of its total net assets.As of December 31, 2016, the Company performed step one of the impairment test for the Dry Bulk Vessel Operations reporting unit, which is allocatedgoodwill of $56,240. Step one impairment test revealed that the fair value of the Dry Bulk Vessel Operations reporting unit exceeded the carryingamount of its net assets. Accordingly, no step two analysis was required.The fair value of the Dry Bulk Vessel Operations reporting unit was estimated using a combination of income and market approaches. For the incomeapproach, the expected present value of future cash flows used judgments and assumptions that management believes were appropriate in thecircumstances. The significant factors and assumptions the Company used in its discounted cash flow analysis included: EBITDA, the discount rateused to calculate the present value of future cash flows and future capital expenditures. EBITDA assumptions included revenue assumptions, generaland administrative expense growth assumptions, and direct vessel expense growth assumptions. The future cash flows were determined by consideringthe charter revenues from existing time charters for the fixed fleet days (the Company’s remaining charter agreement rates) and an estimated daily timecharter equivalent for the non-fixed days (based on a combination of one-year average historical time charter rates and the 10-year average historicalone-year time charter rates adjusted for outliers), which the Company believes is an objective approach for forecasting charter rates over an extendedtime period for long-lived assets. In addition, a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) was used to discount future estimated cash flows to theirpresent values. The WACC was based on externally observable data considering market participants’ and the Company’s cost of equity and debt,optimal capital structure and risk factors specific to the Company. The market approach estimated the fair value of the Company’s business based oncomparable publicly-traded companies in its industry. In assessing the fair value, the Company utilized the results of the valuations and considered therange of fair values determined under all methods which indicated that the fair value exceeded the carrying value of net assets.As of December 31, 2016, the Company performed step one of the impairment test for the Logistics Business, which is allocated goodwill of $104,096.Step one of the impairment test used the income method and revealed that the fair value exceeded the carrying amount of its net assets. Accordingly,no step two analysis was required. The future cash flows from the Logistics Business were determined principally by combining revenues from existingcontracts and estimated revenues based on the historical performance of the segment, including utilization rates and actual storage capacity. TheLogistics Business has not been affected by the same deteriorating industry and market conditions as experienced in the Dry Bulk Vessel Operationsreporting unit. In addition, the cash flows of the long-lived assets in the Logistics Business reporting unit have not experienced a significant decline.No impairment loss was recognized for any of the periods presented.(ii) Intangibles Other Than Goodwill: Navios Holdings’ intangible assets and liabilities consist of favorable lease terms, unfavorable lease terms,customer relationships, trade name and port terminal operating rights. The fair value of the trade name was determined based on the “relief fromroyalty” method which values the trade name based on the estimated amount that a company would have to pay in an arm’s length transaction to usethat trade name. The asset is being amortized under the straight line method over 32 years. Navios Logistics’ trade name is being amortized under thestraight line method over 10 years.The fair value of customer relationships of Navios Logistics was determined based on the “excess earnings” method, which relies upon the future cashflow generating ability of the asset. The asset is amortized under the straight line method.Other intangibles that are being amortized, such as customer relationships and port terminal operating rights, would be considered impaired if theircarrying value could not be recovered from the future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset. F-14 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) When intangible assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition of a vessel are identified, they are recorded at fair value. Fair value is determinedby reference to market data and the discounted amount of expected future cash flows. Where charter rates are higher than market charter rates, an assetis recorded, being the difference between the acquired charter rate and the market charter rate for an equivalent vessel. Where charter rates are less thanmarket charter rates, a liability is recorded, being the difference between the assumed charter rate and the market charter rate for an equivalent vessel.The determination of the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities requires the Company to make significant assumptions and estimates ofmany variables including market charter rates, expected future charter rates, the level of utilization of the Company’s vessels and the Company’sweighted average cost of capital. The use of different assumptions could result in a material change in the fair value of these items, which could have amaterial impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.The amortizable value of favorable and unfavorable leases is amortized over the remaining life of the lease term and the amortization expense isincluded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income in the “Depreciation and amortization” line item.The amortizable value of favorable leases would be considered impaired if its fair market value could not be recovered from the future undiscountedcash flows associated with the asset. Vessel purchase options that have not been exercised, which are included in favorable lease terms, are notamortized and would be considered impaired if the carrying value of an option, when added to the option price of the vessel, exceeded the fair value ofthe vessel. No impairment loss was recognized for any the periods presented.Vessel purchase options that are included in favorable leases are not amortized and when the purchase option is exercised, the asset is capitalized aspart of the cost of the vessel and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the vessel and if not exercised, the intangible asset is written off. Vesselpurchase options that are included in unfavorable lease terms are not amortized and when the purchase option is exercised by the charterer and theunderlying vessel is sold, it will be recorded as part of gain/loss on sale of the assets. If the option is not exercised at the expiration date it is written-offin the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income.The weighted average amortization periods for intangibles are: Intangible assets/liabilities Years Trade name 21 Favorable lease terms 12 Port terminal operating rights 20-45 Customer relationships 20 See also Note 7. (o)Foreign Currency Translation: The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The Company engages in worldwide commercewith a variety of entities. Although its operations may expose it to certain levels of foreign currency risk, its transactions are predominantly U.S. dollardenominated. The Company’s subsidiaries in Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay transact a nominal amount of their operations in Uruguayanpesos, Argentinean pesos, Brazilian reales and Paraguayan guaranies, whereas the Company’s wholly-owned vessel subsidiaries and the vesselmanagement subsidiaries transact a nominal amount of their operations in Euros; however, all of the subsidiaries’ primary cash flows are U.S. dollardenominated. The financial statements of the foreign operations are translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date except for property andequipment and equity, which are translated at historical rates. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are translated at theexchange rate in effect at the date of each transaction. Differences in exchange rates during the period between the date a transaction denominated in aforeign currency is consummated and the date on which it is either settled or translated, are recognized in the statements of comprehensive(loss)/income. The foreign currency gains/(losses) recognized under the caption “Other income” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive(loss)/income for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, were $1,600, $1,646 and $1,945, respectively. (p)Provisions: The Company, in the ordinary course of business, is subject to various claims, suits and complaints. Management, in consultation withinternal and external advisers, will provide for a contingent loss in the financial statements if the contingency had occurred at the date of the financialstatements and the likelihood of loss was probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the Company has determined that the reasonableestimate of the loss is a range and there is no best estimate within the range, the Company will provide for the lower amount within the range. See alsoNote 13.The Company participates in Protection and Indemnity (P&I) insurance plans provided by mutual insurance associations known as P&I clubs. Underthe terms of these plans, participants may be required to pay additional premiums (supplementary calls) to fund operating deficits incurred by the clubs(“back calls”). Obligations for back calls are accrued annually based on information provided by the P&I clubs.Provisions for estimated losses on vessels under time charter are provided for in the period in which such losses are determined. As of December 31,2016 and 2015, the balance for provision for voyages was $3,129 and $2,157, respectively. F-15 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) (q)Segment Reporting: Operating segments, as defined, are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that isevaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Based on theCompany’s methods of internal reporting and management structure, the Company currently has two reportable segments: the Dry Bulk VesselOperations segment and the Logistics Business segment. (r)Revenue and Expense Recognition:Revenue Recognition: Revenue is recorded when services are rendered, the Company has a signed charter agreement or other evidence of anarrangement, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. The Company generates revenue from transportation of cargo,time charter of vessels, port terminal operations, bareboat charters, contracts of affreightment/voyage contracts, demurrages and contracts covering dryor liquid port terminal operations.Voyage revenues for the transportation of cargo are recognized ratably over the estimated relative transit time of each voyage. A voyage is deemed tocommence when a vessel is available for loading and is deemed to end upon the completion of the discharge of the current cargo. Estimated losses onvoyages are provided for in full at the time such losses become evident. Under a voyage charter, the Company agrees to provide a vessel for thetransportation of specific goods between specific ports in return for payment of an agreed upon freight rate per ton of cargo.Revenues are recorded net of address commissions. Address commissions represent a discount provided directly to the charterers based on a fixedpercentage of the agreed upon charter rate. Since address commissions represent a discount (sales incentive) on services rendered by the Company andno identifiable benefit is received in exchange for the consideration provided to the charterer, these commissions are presented as a reduction ofrevenue.Revenue from time chartering and bareboat chartering is earned and recognized on a daily basis as the service is delivered. Revenue from contracts ofaffreightment (“COA”)/voyage contracts relating to our barges is recognized based upon the percentage of voyage completion. A voyage is deemed tocommence upon the departure of the barge after discharge under the previous voyage and is deemed to end upon the completion of discharge under thecurrent voyage. The percentage of voyage completion is based on the days traveled as of the balance sheet date divided by the total days expected forthe voyage. The position of the barge at the balance sheet date is determined by the days traveled as of the balance sheet date over the total voyage ofthe pushboat having the barge in tow. Revenue arising from contracts that provide our customers with continuous access to convoy capacity isrecognized ratably over the period of the contracts.Demurrage income represents payments made by the charterer to the vessel owner when loading or discharging time exceeds the stipulated time in thevoyage charter and is recognized as it is earned.Revenues arising from contracts that provide our customers with continuous access to convoy capacity are recognized ratably over the period of thecontracts.Profit-sharing revenues are calculated at an agreed percentage of the excess of the charterer’s average daily income (calculated on a quarterly or half-yearly basis) over an agreed amount and accounted for on an accrual basis based on provisional amounts and for those contracts that provisionalaccruals cannot be made due to the nature of the profit sharing elements, these are accounted for on the actual cash settlement.Revenues from time chartering of vessels are accounted for as operating leases and are thus recognized on a straight line basis as the average revenueover the rental periods of such charter agreements as service is performed, except for loss generating time charters, in which case the loss is recognizedin the period when such loss is determined. A time charter involves placing a vessel at the charterer’s disposal for a period of time during which thecharterer uses the vessel in return for the payment of a specified daily hire rate. Short period charters for less than three months are referred to as spot-charters. Charters extending three months to a year are generally referred to as medium-term charters. All other charters are considered long-term. Undertime charters, operating costs such as for crews, maintenance and insurance are typically paid by the owner of the vessel.For vessels operating in pooling arrangements, the Company earns a portion of total revenues generated by the pool, net of expenses incurred by thepool. The amount allocated to each pool participant vessel, including the Company’s vessels, is determined in accordance with an agreed-uponformula, which is determined by margins awarded to each vessel in the pool based on the vessel’s age, design and other performance characteristics.Revenue under pooling arrangements is accounted for on the accrual basis and is recognized when an agreement with the pool exists, price is fixed,service is provided and the collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue for vessels operating in pooling arrangements amounted to $15,115, $1,825and $0, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The allocation of such net revenue may be subject to future adjustmentsby the pool, however, such changes are not expected to be material.Revenues from port terminal operations consist of an agreed flat fee per ton and cover the services performed to unload barges (or trucks), transfer theproduct into silos for temporary storage and then loading the ocean-going vessels. Revenues are recognized upon completion of loading the ocean-going vessels. Additionally, fees are charged for vessel dockage and for storage time in excess of contractually specified terms. Dockage revenues arerecognized ratably up to completion of loading. Storage fees are assessed and recognized when the product remains in the silo storage beyond thecontractually agreed time allowed. Storage fee revenue is recognized ratably over the storage period and ends when the product is loaded onto theocean-going vessel. F-16 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Revenues from liquid port terminal operations consist mainly of sales of petroleum products in the Paraguayan market. Additionally, revenues consistof an agreed flat fee per cubic meter to cover the services performed to unload barges, transfer the products into the tanks for temporary storage andthen loading the trucks. Revenues are recognized upon completion of loading the trucks. Additionally, fees are charged for storage time in excess ofcontractually specified terms. Storage fee revenue is recognized ratably over the storage period and ends when the product is loaded onto the trucks.Recovery of lost revenue under credit default insurance for charterers is accounted for as gain contingency and is recognized when all contingenciesare resolved. The amount of recovery of lost revenue is recorded within the caption “Revenue” and any amount recovered in excess of the lost revenueis recorded within the caption “Other income”.Expenses related to our revenue-generating contracts are recognized as incurred.Administrative fee revenue from affiliates: Administrative fee revenue from affiliates consists of fees earned on the provision of administrativeservices pursuant to administrative services agreements with our affiliates (Refer to Note 15). Administrative services include: bookkeeping, audit andaccounting services, legal and insurance services, administrative and clerical services, banking and financial services, advisory services, client andinvestor relations and other general and administrative services. These revenues are recognized as the services are provided to affiliates.The general and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates are determined based on a combination of actual expenses incurred on behalfof the affiliates as well as a reasonable allocation of expenses that are not affiliate specific but incurred on behalf of all affiliates.Forward Freight Agreements (“FFAs”): Realized gains or losses from FFAs are recognized monthly concurrent with cash settlements. In addition,FFAs are “marked-to-market” quarterly to determine the fair values which generate unrealized gains or losses. Trading of FFAs could lead to materialfluctuations in the Company’s reported results from operations on a period to period basis.Deferred Income and Cash Received In Advance: Deferred voyage revenue primarily relates to cash received from charterers prior to it being earned.These amounts are recognized as revenue over the voyage or charter period.Time Charter, Voyage and Logistics Business Expenses: Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses comprise all expenses related to eachparticular voyage, including time charter hire paid and voyage freight paid, bunkers, port charges, canal tolls, cargo handling, agency fees andbrokerage commissions. Also included in time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses are charterers’ liability insurances, provision for losseson time charters and voyages in progress at year-end, direct port terminal expenses and other miscellaneous expenses.Direct Vessel Expenses: Direct vessel expenses consist of all expenses relating to the operation of vessels, including crewing, repairs and maintenance,insurance, stores and lubricants and miscellaneous expenses such as communications and amortization of drydocking and special survey costs net ofrelated party management fees.Prepaid Voyage Costs: Prepaid voyage costs relate to cash paid in advance for expenses associated with voyages. These amounts are recognized asexpenses over the voyage or charter period. (s)Employee benefits:Pension and Retirement Obligations-Crew: The Company’s ship-owning subsidiaries employ the crew on board under short-term contracts (usuallyup to nine months) and, accordingly, they are not liable for any pension or post-retirement benefits.Provision for Employees’ Severance and Retirement Compensation: The employees in the Company’s office in Greece are protected by Greek laborlaw. According to the law, the Company is required to pay retirement indemnities to employees upon dismissal or upon leaving with an entitlement toa full security retirement pension. The amount of compensation is based on the number of years of service and the amount of remuneration at the dateof dismissal or retirement up to a maximum of two years’ salary. If the employees remain in the employment of the Company until normal retirementage, they are entitled to retirement compensation which is equal to 40% of the compensation amount that would be payable if they were dismissed atthat time. The number of employees that will remain with the Company until retirement age is not known. The Company considers this plan equivalentto a lump sum defined benefit pension plan and accounts for it under relevant guidance on employer’s accounting for pensions. The Company isrequired to annually value the statutory terminations indemnities liability. Management obtains a valuation from independent actuaries to assist in thecalculation of the benefits. The Company provides, in full, for the employees’ termination indemnities liability. This liability amounted to $1,127 and$952 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. U.S. Retirement Savings Plan: The Company sponsors a 401(k) retirement savings plan, which is categorized as a defined contribution plan. The planis available to full time employees who meet the plan’s eligibility requirements. The plan permits employees to make contributions up to 15% of theirannual salary with the Company matching up to the first 6%. The Company makes monthly contributions (matching contributions) to the plan basedon amounts contributed by employees. Subsequent to making the matching contributions, the Company has no further obligations. The Company maymake an additional discretionary contribution annually if such a contribution is authorized by the Board of Directors. The plan is administered by anindependent professional firm that specializes in providing such services. See also Note 12. F-17 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Other Post-Retirement Obligations: The Company has a legacy pension arrangement for certain Bahamian, Uruguayan and former NaviosCorporation employees. The entitlement to these benefits is only to these former employees. The expected costs of these benefits are accrued each year,using an accounting methodology similar to that for defined benefit pension plans. These obligations are valued annually by independent actuaries.Stock-Based Compensation: In December 2016, the Company authorized the grant of restricted share units and share appreciation rights. In December2015 and 2014, the Company authorized the issuance of shares of restricted common stock, restricted stock units and stock options in accordance withthe Company’s stock option plan for its employees, officers and directors. These awards of restricted share units, share appreciation rights, restrictedcommon stock, restricted stock units and stock options are based on service conditions only and vest over three years. In December 2014 and 2013, theCompany also authorized the issuance of shares of restricted common stock, restricted stock units and stock options for its employees, officers anddirectors that vest upon achievement of certain internal performance criteria including certain targets on operational performance and cost efficiency.See also Note 12.The fair value of share appreciation rights and stock option grants is determined with reference to option pricing model and principally adjusted Black-Scholes models. The fair value of restricted share units, restricted stock and restricted stock units is determined by reference to the quoted stock priceon the date of grant. Compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized based on a graded expense model over the vesting period.Compensation expense for the awards that vest upon achievement of the performance criteria is recognized when it is probable that the performancecriteria will be met and are being accounted for as equity. (t)Financial Instruments: Financial instruments carried on the balance sheet include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables andpayables, other receivables and other liabilities, long-term debt, capital leases and available-for-sale securities. The particular recognition methodsapplicable to each class of financial instrument are disclosed in the applicable significant policy description of each item, or included below asapplicable.Financial Risk Management: The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks including fluctuations in future freight rates, timecharter hire rates, fuel prices and credit and interest rates risk. Risk management is carried out under policies approved by executive management.Guidelines are established for overall risk management, as well as specific areas of operations.Credit Risk: The Company closely monitors its credit exposure to customers and counterparties for credit risk. The Company has policies in place toensure that it trades with customers and counterparties with an appropriate credit history.Interest Rate Risk: Any differential to be paid or received on an interest rate swap agreement is recognized as a component of gain/loss on derivativesover the period of the agreement. Gains and losses on early termination of interest rate swaps are reflected in the consolidated statements ofcomprehensive (loss)/income. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements that are designated and qualify as cashflow hedges are recognized in equity.Liquidity Risk: Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities, the availability of funding throughan adequate amount of committed credit facilities and the ability to close out market positions. The Company monitors cash balances appropriately tomeet working capital needs.Foreign Exchange Risk: Foreign currency transactions are translated into the measurement currency at rates prevailing on the dates of the relevanttransactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets andliabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income.Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities: The Company may enter into dry bulk shipping FFAs as economic hedgesrelating to identifiable ship and/or cargo positions and as economic hedges of transactions the Company expects to carry out in the normal course of itsshipping business. By utilizing certain derivative instruments, including dry bulk shipping FFAs, the Company manages the financial risk associatedwith fluctuating market conditions. In entering into these contracts, the Company has assumed the risks that might arise from the possible inability ofcounterparties to perform in accordance with the terms of their contracts.The Company may trade dry bulk shipping FFAs which are cleared through LCH, the London clearing house. LCH calls for both base and margincollateral, which are funded by Navios Holdings, and which in turn substantially eliminate counterparty risk. Certain portions of these collateral fundsmay be restricted at any given time as determined by LCH.At the end of each calendar quarter, the fair value of dry bulk shipping FFAs traded over-the-counter are determined from an index published inLondon, United Kingdom and the fair value of those FFAs traded with LCH is determined from the LCH valuations.The Company records all of its derivative financial instruments and hedges as economic hedges. F-18 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) The Company classifies cash flows related to derivative financial instruments within cash provided by operating activities in the consolidatedstatements of cash flows. (u)(Loss)/Earnings Per Share: Basic (losses)/earnings per share are computed by dividing net (loss)/income attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Net (loss)/income attributable toNavios Holdings common stockholders is calculated by adding to (if a discount) or deducting from (if a premium) net (loss)/ income attributable toNavios Holdings common stockholders the difference between the fair value of the consideration paid upon redemption and the carrying value of thepreferred stock, including the unamortized issuance costs of the preferred stock, and the amount of any undeclared dividend cancelled. Dilutedearnings per share reflect the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted.Dilution has been computed by the treasury stock method whereby all of the Company’s dilutive securities (stock options and warrants) are assumed tobe exercised and the proceeds are used to repurchase common shares at the weighted average market price of the Company’s common stock during therelevant periods. The incremental shares (the difference between the number of shares assumed issued and the number of shares assumed purchased) areincluded in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share computation. Restricted share units, restricted stock and restricted stock units (vested andunvested) are included in the calculation of the diluted earnings per share, based on the weighted average number of restricted share units, restrictedstock and restricted stock units assumed to be outstanding during the period. Convertible shares are included in the calculation of the diluted earningsper share, based on the weighted average number of convertible shares assumed to be outstanding during the period. See also Note 19. (v)Income Taxes: The Company is a Marshall Islands Corporation. Pursuant to various treaties and the United States Internal Revenue Code, theCompany believes that substantially all its operations are exempt from income taxes in the Marshall Islands and the United States of America. The taxexpense reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was mainly attributableto its subsidiaries in South America, which are subject to the Argentinean and Paraguayan income tax regimes.The asset and liability method is used to account for future income taxes. Under this method, future income tax assets and liabilities are recognized forthe estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets andliabilities. Future income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences areexpected to be recovered or settled. The effect on future income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the periodthat includes the enactment date. A deferred tax asset is recognized for temporary differences that will result in deductible amounts in future years. Avaluation allowance is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred taxasset will not be realized. (w)Dividends: Dividends are recorded in the Company’s financial statements in the period in which they are declared. Navios Holdings paid $0, $19,325and $25,228 to its common stockholders during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $3,681, $16,025 and $7,502 toits preferred stockholders during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In November 2015, Navios Holdings announcedthat the Board of Directors decided to suspend the dividend to its common stockholders. In February 2016, Navios Holdings announced the suspensionof payment of quarterly dividends on its preferred stock, including the Series G and Series H. (x)Guarantees: A liability for the fair value of an obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee is recognized. The recognition of fair value is notrequired for certain guarantees such as the parent’s guarantee of a subsidiary’s debt to a third party or guarantees on product warranties. For thoseguarantees excluded from the above guidance requiring the fair value recognition provision of the liability, financial statement disclosures of theirterms are made.On November 15, 2012, the Company agreed to provide Navios Partners with guarantees against counterparty default on certain existing charters (seealso Notes 15 and 23). (y)Leases: Vessel leases where Navios Holdings is regarded as the lessor are classified as either finance leases or operating leases based on an assessmentof the terms of the lease.For charters classified as finance leases the minimum lease payments are recorded as the gross investment in the lease. The difference between the grossinvestment in the lease and the sum of the present values of the two components of the gross investment is recorded as unearned income which isamortized to income over the lease term as finance lease interest income to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease.For charters classified as operating leases where Navios Holdings is regarded as the lessor, refer to Note 2(r).For charters classified as operating leases where Navios Holdings is regarded as the lessee, the expense is recognized on a straight line basis over therental periods of such charter agreements. The expense is included under the line item “Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses”. F-19 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) (z)Treasury Stock: Treasury stock is accounted for using the cost method. Excess of the purchase price of the treasury stock acquired, plus directacquisition costs over its par value is recorded in additional paid-in capital. (aa)Trade Accounts Receivable: The amount shown as accounts receivable, trade, at each balance sheet date, includes receivables from charterers for hire,freight and demurrage billings and FFA counterparties, net of a provision for doubtful accounts. At each balance sheet date, all potentiallyuncollectible accounts are assessed individually for purposes of determining the appropriate provision for doubtful accounts. (ab)Convertible Preferred Stock: The Company’s 2% Mandatorily Convertible Preferred Stock (“Preferred Stock”) is recorded at fair market value on thedate of issuance. The fair market value is determined using a binomial valuation model. The model which is used takes into account the credit spreadof the Company, the volatility of its stock, as well as the price of its stock at the issuance date. Each preferred share has a par value of $0.0001. Eachholder of Preferred Stock is entitled to receive an annual dividend equal to 2.0% on the nominal value of the Preferred Stock, payable quarterly, untilsuch time as the Preferred Stock converts into common stock. Five years after the issuance date, 30.0% of the then-outstanding shares of Preferred Stockshall automatically convert into shares of common stock at a conversion price equal to $10.00 per share of common stock with the remaining balanceof the then-outstanding shares of Preferred Stock being converted into shares of common stock under the same terms 10 years after their issuance date.At any time following the third anniversary from their issuance date, if the closing price of the common stock has been at least $20.00 per share, for 10consecutive business days, the remaining balance of the then-outstanding preferred shares shall automatically convert at a conversion price equal to$14.00 per share of common stock. The holders of Preferred Stock are entitled, at their option, at any time following their issuance date and prior totheir final conversion date, to convert all or any such then-outstanding preferred shares into common stock at a conversion price equal to $14.00 percommon stock. See also Note 16. (ac)Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock: The Company’s 2,000,000 American Depositary Shares, Series G Cumulative RedeemablePerpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series G”) and the 4,800,000 American Depositary Shares, Series H Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock(the “Series H”) are recorded at fair market value on issuance. Each of the shares represents 1/100th of a share of the Series G, with a liquidationpreference of $2,500.00 per share ($25.00 per American Depositary Share). Dividends are payable quarterly in arrears on the Series G at a rate of 8.75%per annum and on the Series H at a rate of 8.625% per annum of the stated liquidation preference. At any time on or after January 28, 2019, the Series Gmay be redeemed at the Company’s option and at any time on or after July 8, 2019, the Series H may be redeemed at the Company’s option (and theAmerican Depositary Shares can be caused to be redeemed), in whole or in part, out of amounts legally available therefore, at a redemption price of$2,500.00 per share (equivalent to $25.00 per American Depositary Share) plus an amount equal to all accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon tothe date of redemption, whether or not declared. The Company has accounted for these shares as equity. See also Note 16. (ad)Investment in Available-for-Sale Securities: The Company classifies its existing marketable equity securities as available-for-sale. These securities arecarried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported directly in stockholders’ equity as a component of othercomprehensive (loss)/income unless an unrealized loss is considered “other-than-temporary,” in which case it is transferred to the consolidatedstatements of comprehensive (loss)/income. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on a quarterly basis.Consideration is given to (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-termprospects of the investee, and (iii) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the investee for a period of time sufficient to allowfor any anticipated recovery in fair value.Investment in Equity Securities: Navios Holdings evaluates its investments in Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners, Navios Europe I and NaviosEurope II for OTTI on a quarterly basis. Consideration is given to (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than thecarrying value, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of Navios Partners, Navios Acquisition, Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II, and(iii) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in Navios Acquisition, Navios Partners, Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II, for aperiod of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. (ae)Financial Instruments and Fair Value: Guidance on Fair Value Measurements provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuationtechniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets orliabilities (Level I measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level III measurements).A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs a detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities that are subject to guidance on Fair ValueMeasurements. F-20 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) (af)Recent Accounting Pronouncements:In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715)”. Thisupdate improves the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost and includes amendments to the Overviewand Background Sections of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments in this update apply to all employers that offer to theiremployees defined benefit pension plans, other postretirement benefit plans, or other types of benefits accounted for under Topic 715. Theamendments in this update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periodswithin those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual)have not been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance willhave on its consolidated financial statements.In February 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-05, “Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20)”.This update clarifies the scope of Subtopic 610-20 “Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets” and providesguidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. Subtopic 610-20, which was issued in May 2014 as a part of ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contractswith Customers (Topic 606)”, provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts withnoncustomers. The amendments in ASU 2017-05 are effective at the same time as the amendments in ASU 2014-09. Therefore, for public entities, theamendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reportingperiod. Public entities may apply the guidance earlier but only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interimreporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will haveon its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)”. This update addresses concern expressed about the costand complexity of the goodwill impairment test and simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from thegoodwill impairment test. The amendments in this ASU are required for public business entities and other entities that have goodwill reported in theirfinancial statements and have not elected the private company alternative for the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The amendments are effectivefor public business entities that are SEC filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. TheCompany is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-03, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments-Equity Method and JointVentures (Topic 323)”. The ASU amends the Codification for SEC staff announcements made at recent Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) meetings.The SEC guidance that specifically relates to our consolidated financial statement was from the September 2016 meeting, where the SEC staffexpressed their expectations about the extent of disclosures registrants should make about the effects of the new FASB guidance as well as anyamendments issued prior to adoption, on revenue (ASU 2014-09), leases (ASU 2016-02) and credit losses on financial instruments (ASU 2016-13) inaccordance with SAB Topic 11.M. Registrants are required to disclose the effect that recently issued accounting standards will have on their financialstatements when adopted in a future period. In cases where a registrant cannot reasonably estimate the impact of the adoption, then additionalqualitative disclosures should be considered. The ASU incorporates these SEC staff views into ASC 250 and adds references to that guidance in thetransition paragraphs of each of the three new standards. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidatedfinancial statements.In January 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations” to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance toassist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisition (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under currentimplementation guidance the existence of an integrated set of acquired activities (inputs and processes that generate outputs) constitutes anacquisition of business. This ASU provides a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities does not constitute a business. The screen requiresthat when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group ofsimilar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This update is effective for public entities with reporting periods beginning after December 15,2017, including interim periods within those years. The amendments of this ASU should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. Earlyadoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period 1) for transactions for which the acquisition date occurs before the issuance date oreffective date of the ASU, only when the transaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuanceand 2) for transactions in which a subsidiary is deconsolidated or a group of assets is derecognized at a time before the issuance date or effective date ofthe amendments, only when the transaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance. TheCompany is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.In December 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Theamendments in this ASU affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2014-09, which is not yet effective, and are of a similar nature to the itemstypically addressed in the Technical Corrections and Improvements project. The F-21 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements for Topic 606 (and anyother Topic amended by Update 2014-09). ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date”, defersthe effective date of Update 2014-09 by one year, as noted below.In November 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. This update addresses the classification andpresentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. The amendments are effective forpublic business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permittedfor all entities. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financialstatements.In August 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”. This updateaddresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The amendments are effective for publicbusiness entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for allentities. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statementsand footnotes disclosures.In March 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)”, which simplifies several aspects of accounting forshare-based compensation including the tax consequences, classification of awards as equity or liabilities, forfeitures and classification on thestatement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscalyears. Early application is permitted. The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results ofoperations, financial position or cash flows.In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 will apply to both capital (or finance) leases and operating leases.According to ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by allleases with terms of more than 12 months. ASU 2016 – 02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periodswithin those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidancewill have on its consolidated financial statements and footnotes disclosures.In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assetsand Financial Liabilities”. The amendments in this ASU require an entity (i) to measure equity investments (except those accounted for under theequity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income;(ii) to perform a qualitative assessment to identify impairment in equity investments without readily determinable fair values; (iii) to present separatelyin other comprehensive income the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk; and (iv) to present separatelyfinancial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balancesheet. The amendments also eliminate the requirement, for public business entities, to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used toestimate the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet and clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for avaluation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. For publicbusiness entities, ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Theadoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.In November 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes”, which requires thatdeferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred taxliabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this ASU.For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periodswithin those fiscal years. The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financialposition or cash flows.In July 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330) - Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory”, which requires an entity to measureinventory at the lower of cost or market. Market could be replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less an approximately normalprofit margin. The amendments in this ASU require an entity to measure inventory within the scope of this ASU at the lower of cost and net realizablevalue. For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interimperiods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively with earlier application permitted as of the beginningof an interim or annual reporting period. The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results ofoperations, financial position or cash flows.In August 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertaintiesabout an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. This standard requires management to assess an F-22 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. Before this new standard, noaccounting guidance existed for management on when and how to assess or disclose going concern uncertainties. The amendments are effective forannual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application ispermitted. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.In May 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, clarifying the method used to determine the timing andrequirements for revenue recognition on the statements of income. Under the new standard, an entity must identify the performance obligations in acontract, the transaction price and allocate the price to specific performance obligations to recognize the revenue when the obligation is completed.The amendments in this update also require disclosure of sufficient information to allow users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertaintyof revenue and cash flow arising from contracts. The new accounting guidance was originally effective for interim and annual periods beginning afterDecember 15, 2016. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. Thestandard will be effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. The Companyis currently reviewing the effect of ASU No. 2014-09 on its revenue recognition.NOTE 3: CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTSCash and cash equivalents consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Cash on hand and at banks $126,584 $85,570 Short-term deposits and highly liquid funds 9,408 77,842 Cash and cash equivalents $135,992 $163,412 Short-term deposits and highly liquid funds relate to amounts held in banks for general financing purposes and represent deposits with anoriginal maturity of less than three months.Cash deposits and cash equivalents in excess of amounts covered by government-provided insurance are exposed to loss in the event ofnon-performance by financial institutions. Navios Holdings does maintain cash deposits and equivalents in excess of government provided insurance limits.Navios Holdings reduces exposure to credit risk by dealing with a diversified group of major financial institutions.NOTE 4: ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NETAccounts receivable consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Accounts receivable $85,266 $83,091 Less: provision for doubtful receivables (19,437) (18,278) Accounts receivable, net $65,829 $64,813 Changes to the provisions for doubtful accounts are summarized as follows: Allowance for doubtful receivables Balance atBeginning ofPeriod Charges toCosts andExpenses AmountUtilized BalanceatEnd ofPeriod Year ended December 31, 2014 $(26,457) $(792) $8,785 $(18,464) Year ended December 31, 2015 $(18,464) $(59) $245 $(18,278) Year ended December 31, 2016 $(18,278) $(1,304) $145 $(19,437) Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the Company’s large number of customers, who areinternationally dispersed and have a variety of end markets in which they sell. Due to these factors, management believes that no additional credit riskbeyond amounts provided for collection losses is inherent in the Company’s trade receivables. For the year ended December 31, 2016, two customersaccounted for 14.7% and 13.1%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2015, one customer accounted for 15.1% of theCompany’s revenue and for the year ended December 31, 2014, one customer accounted for 11.9% of the Company’s revenue. F-23 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) NOTE 5: PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETSPrepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Prepaid voyage and operating costs $8,352 $8,700 Claims receivable 9,822 11,078 Prepaid other taxes 4,279 3,664 Advances for working capital purposes 4,486 — Other 1,957 700 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $28,896 $24,142 Claims receivable mainly represents claims against vessels’ insurance underwriters in respect of damages arising from accidents or other insuredrisks, as well as claims under charter contracts including off-hires. While it is anticipated that claims receivable will be recovered within one year, such claimsmay not all be recovered within one year due to the attendant process of settlement. Nonetheless, amounts are classified as current as they represent amountscurrently due to the Company. All amounts are shown net of applicable deductibles.NOTE 6: VESSELS, PORT TERMINALS AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS, NET Vessels Cost AccumulatedDepreciation Net BookValue Balance December 31, 2013 $1,717,599 $(308,461) $1,409,138 Additions 123,541 (68,333) 55,208 Balance December 31, 2014 1,841,140 (376,794) 1,464,346 Additions — (70,894) (70,894) Balance December 31, 2015 1,841,140 (447,688) 1,393,452 Additions 60,115 (73,847) (13,732) Transfers 29,695 — 29,695 Balance December 31, 2016 $1,930,950 $(521,535) $1,409,415 Port Terminals (Navios Logistics) Cost AccumulatedDepreciation Net BookValue Balance December 31, 2013 $103,030 $(17,082) $85,948 Additions 3,369 (3,385) (16) Balance December 31, 2014 106,399 (20,467) 85,932 Additions 2,287 (3,431) (1,144) Balance December 31, 2015 108,686 (23,898) 84,788 Additions 2,051 (3,493) (1,442) Transfers (1,513) — (1,513) Balance December 31, 2016 $109,224 $(27,391) $81,833 Tanker vessels, barges and push boats (Navios Logistics) Cost AccumulatedDepreciation Net BookValue Balance December 31, 2013 $368,626 $(93,782) $274,844 Additions 96,387 (17,355) 79,032 Write-off (47) — (47) Balance December 31, 2014 464,966 (111,137) 353,829 Additions 6,188 (20,007) (13,819) Restructure of capital lease (210) — (210) Balance December 31, 2015 470,944 (131,144) 339,800 Additions 738 (18,894) (18,156) Transfers 3,696 — 3,696 Balance December 31, 2016 $475,378 $(150,038) $325,340 F-24 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Other fixed assets Cost AccumulatedDepreciation Net BookValue Balance December 31, 2013 $12,700 $(5,173) $7,527 Additions 887 (1,378) (491) Write-off (161) 161 — Balance December 31, 2014 13,426 (6,390) 7,036 Additions 443 (1,558) (1,115) Balance December 31, 2015 13,869 (7,948) 5,921 Additions 2,250 (1,475) 775 Transfers (2,183) — (2,183) Balance December 31, 2016 $13,936 $(9,423) $4,513 Total Cost AccumulatedDepreciation Net BookValue Balance December 31, 2013 $2,201,955 $(424,498) $1,777,457 Additions 224,184 (90,451) 133,733 Write-off (208) 161 (47) Balance December 31, 2014 2,425,931 (514,788) 1,911,143 Additions 8,918 (95,890) (86,972) Restructure of capital lease (210) — (210) Balance December 31, 2015 2,434,639 (610,678) 1,823,961 Additions 65,154 (97,709) (32,555) Transfers 29,695 — 29,695 Balance December 31, 2016 $2,529,488 $(708,387) $1,821,101 Deposits for Vessels and Port Terminals AcquisitionsOn January 26, 2014, Navios Holdings entered into agreements to purchase two bulk carrier vessels, one 84,872 deadweight tons (“dwt”)Panamax vessel, Navios Sphera, and one 181,259 dwt Capesize vessel, Navios Mars, to be built in Japan. The vessels’ acquisition prices were $31,800 and$52,000, respectively, and were delivered in January 2016. As of December 31, 2015, Navios Holdings had paid deposits for both vessels totaling $29,695,which as of March 31, 2016, had been transferred to vessels’ cost.On February 11, 2014, Navios Logistics entered into an agreement, as amended on June 3, 2016, for the construction of three new pushboats witha purchase price of $7,344 for each pushboat. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Navios Logistics had paid $16,156 and $14,770,respectively, for the construction of the new pushboats which are expected to be delivered in the third quarter of 2017.As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Navios Logistics had paid $120,735 and $29,484, respectively, for the expansion of its dryport in Uruguay, which is currently an asset under construction. Capitalized interest included in deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assetsamounted to $8,796 and $2,954, as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.Vessel AcquisitionsOn January 12, 2016, Navios Holdings took delivery of the Navios Sphera, a 2016-Japanese built 84,872 dwt Panamax vessel, and Navios Mars,a 2016-Japanese built 181,259 dwt Capesize vessel, for an acquisition cost of $34,352 and $55,458, respectively, of which $49,910 was paid from availablecash and $39,900 was financed through a loan. As of March 31, 2016, deposits of $29,695, relating to the acquisition of Navios Sphera and Navios Mars, hadbeen transferred to vessels’ cost.On January 27, 2014, Navios Asia took delivery of the N Bonanza, a 2006-built 76,596 dwt Panamax vessel for a purchase price of $17,634, ofwhich $2,900 was paid from the Company’s cash, $3,484 from the noncontrolling shareholders’ cash and $11,250 was financed through a loan.On June 4, 2014, Navios Holdings took delivery of the Navios Gem, a 2014-built 181,336 dwt Capesize vessel for a purchase price of $54,368,of which $24,368 was paid in cash and $30,000 was financed through a loan.On November 24, 2014, Navios Holdings took delivery of the Navios Ray, a 2012-built 179,515 dwt Capesize vessel for a purchase price of$51,539, of which $20,539 was paid in cash and $31,000 was financed through a loan. F-25 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Navios LogisticsOn June 30, 2015, Navios Logistics entered into an agreement for the restructuring of its capital leases for the Ferni H and the San San H, byextending their duration until January 2020 and April 2020, respectively, and amending the purchase price obligation to $5,325 and $5,150, respectively,payable at the end of the extended period. As of December 31, 2016, the obligations for these vessels were accounted for as capital leases and the leasepayments during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 for both vessels were $3,032 and $1,501, respectively.NOTE 7: INTANGIBLE ASSETS/LIABILITIES OTHER THAN GOODWILLNet Book Value of Intangible Assets/Liabilities other than Goodwill as at December 31, 2016 AcquisitionCost AccumulatedAmortization Additions / Writeoff Net Book ValueDecember 31,2016 Trade name $100,420 $(41,303) $— $59,117 Port terminal operating rights 53,152 (10,162) — 42,990 Customer relationships 35,490 (15,971) — 19,519 Favorable lease terms(*) 82,485 (6,359) (70,937) 5,189 Total Intangible assets 271,547 (73,795) (70,937) 126,815 Unfavorable lease terms(**) (24,721) — 24,721 — Total $246,826 $(73,795) $(46,216) $126,815 Net Book Value of Intangible Assets/Liabilities other than Goodwill as at December 31, 2015 AcquisitionCost AccumulatedAmortization Additions / Write off Net Book ValueDecember 31,2015 Trade name $100,420 $(37,401) $— $63,019 Port terminal operating rights 53,152 (9,456) — 43,696 Customer relationships 35,490 (14,196) — 21,294 Favorable lease terms(*) 158,179 (60,037) (75,694) 22,448 Total Intangible assets 347,241 (121,090) (75,694) 150,457 Unfavorable lease terms(**) (56,419) 17,195 31,698 (7,526) Total $290,822 $(103,895) $(43,996) $142,931 (*)As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, intangible assets associated with the favorable lease terms included an amount of $1,180 and $10,575,respectively related to purchase options for the vessels (see also Note 2(n)). During the year ended December 31, 2016, acquisition costs of $70,937and accumulated amortization of $57,930 of favorable lease terms were written off resulting in a loss of $13,007. This write-off resulted from the earlyredelivery of one vessel. During the year ended December 31, 2015, acquisition costs $75,694, of fully amortized favorable lease terms were written off,as a result of early redeliveries of vessels. (**)As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the intangible liability associated with the unfavorable lease terms included an amount of $0 and $(467),respectively, related to purchase options held by third parties (see also Note 2(n)). During the year ended December 31, 2016, acquisition costs of$24,721 and accumulated amortization of $17,406 of unfavorable lease terms were written off resulting in an income of $7,315. This write-off resultedfrom the early redelivery of one vessel. During the year ended December 31, 2015, $31,698 of acquisition cost of unfavorable lease terms were writtenoff. During the year ended December 31, 2015, acquisition cost and accumulated amortization of $64,609, of fully amortized unfavorable lease termswere written off. These write-offs resulted from early redelivery of vessels. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, no purchase options held by third partieshave been exercised.On December 15, 2014, Navios Logistics acquired two companies for a total consideration of $17,000, of which $10,200 was paid in 2014and $6,800 was paid in 2015. These companies, as free zone direct users, hold the right to occupy approximately 53 acres of undevelopedriverfront land located in the Nueva Palmira free zone in Uruguay, adjacent to Navios Logistics’ existing port. F-26 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) AmortizationExpense andWrite OffsYear EndedDecember 31,2016 AmortizationExpense andWrite OffsYear EndedDecember 31,2015 AmortizationExpense andWrite OffsYear EndedDecember 31,2014 Trade name $3,902 $3,811 $3,853 Port terminal operating rights 706 1,006 1,006 Customer relationships 1,775 1,775 1,774 Favorable lease terms 17,260 32,444 12,539 Unfavorable lease terms (7,526) (14,615) (4,933) Total $16,117 $24,420 $14,239 The remaining aggregate amortization of acquired intangibles as of December 31, 2016 was as follows: Description Within oneyear Year Two Year Three Year Four Year Five Thereafter Total Trade name $3,853 $2,811 $2,811 $2,818 $2,811 $44,013 $59,117 Favorable lease terms 641 641 641 641 641 804 4,009 Port terminal operating rights 895 990 990 990 990 38,135 42,990 Customer relationships 1,775 1,775 1,775 1,775 1,775 10,644 19,519 Total amortization $7,164 $6,217 $6,217 $6,224 $6,217 $93,596 $125,635 NOTE 8: INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATESNavios PartnersOn August 7, 2007, Navios Holdings formed Navios Partners under the laws of Marshall Islands. Navios GP L.L.C. (the “General Partner”), awholly owned subsidiary of Navios Holdings, was also formed on that date to act as the general partner of Navios Partners and received a 2.0% generalpartner interest.In February 2014, Navios Partners completed a public offering of 6,325,000 common units. Navios Holdings paid $2,233 in order to retain its2.0% general partner interest. The Company determined, under the equity method, that the issuance of shares qualified as sales of shares by the investee. As aresult, a gain of $11,230 was recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” for the year ended December 31, 2014.In February 2015, Navios Partners completed a public offering of 4,600,000 common units, raising gross proceeds of $60,214. In addition,Navios Partners completed a private placement of 1,120,547 common units and 22,868 general partner units to Navios Holdings raising additional grossproceeds of $14,967.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings held a total of 15,344,310 common units and 1,700,493 general partners units, representing a 20.0%interest in Navios Partners, including the 2.0% general partner interest, and the entire investment in Navios Partners is accounted for under the equity method.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the pre-OTTI unamortized difference between the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Partners andthe amount of the Company’s underlying equity in net assets of Navios Partners was $29,529 and $32,300, respectively. The Company will need torecompute this difference which is amortized through “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” over the remaining life of Navios Partners tangible andintangible assets.Total equity method income and amortization of deferred gain of $5,979, $15,462 and $36,959 were recognized in “Equity in net earnings ofaffiliated companies” for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Partners was $24,033 and $115,432, respectively. Duringthe year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an OTTI loss of $83,596 relating to its investment in Navios Partners and the amount wasincluded in “Equity/(loss) in net earnings of affiliated companies”.Dividends received during the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $0, $27,993 and $30,043, respectively.As of December 31, 2016, the market value of the investment in Navios Partners was $24,033. F-27 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) AcropolisNavios Holdings has a 50% interest in Acropolis, a brokerage firm for freight and shipping charters. Although Navios Holdings owns 50% ofAcropolis’ stock, Navios Holdings agreed with the other shareholder that the earnings and amounts declared by way of dividends will be allocated 35% tothe Company with the balance to the other shareholder. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying amount of the investment was $105 and $175,respectively. Dividends received for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $85, $454 and $271, respectively.Navios AcquisitionIn February 2014, Navios Acquisition completed a public offering of 14,950,000 shares of its common stock. In October 2014, 699,994 NaviosAcquisition’s restricted stock awards vested. The Company determined, under the equity method, that the issuance of shares and the vesting of restrictedstock awards qualified as a sale of shares by the investee. As a result, an income of $4,675 was recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies”for the year ended December 31, 2014.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings had a 43.4% voting and a 46.1% economic interest in Navios Acquisition.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the pre-OTTI unamortized difference between the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Acquisitionand the amount of the Company’s underlying equity in net assets of Navios Acquisition was $(2,588) and $1,480, respectively. The Company will need torecompute this difference which is amortized through “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” over the remaining life of Navios Acquisition tangibleand intangible assets.Total equity method income of $29,801, $43,299 and $19,513 were recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” for the yearsended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Acquisition was $124,062 and $253,286, respectively.During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an OTTI loss of $144,430 relating to its investment in Navios Acquisition and theamount was included in “Equity /(loss) in net earnings of affiliated companies”.Dividends received for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $14,595, $18,244 and $14,595, respectively.As of December 31, 2016, the market value of the investment in Navios Acquisition was $124,062.Navios Europe IOn December 18, 2013, Navios Europe I acquired ten vessels for aggregate consideration consisting of (i) cash (which was funded with theproceeds of senior loan facilities (the “Senior Loans I”) and loans aggregating to $10,000 from Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (ineach case, in proportion to their economic interests in Navios Europe I) (collectively, the “Navios Term Loans I”) and (ii) the assumption of a juniorparticipating loan facility (the “Junior Loan I”). In addition to the Navios Term Loans I, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will alsomake available to Navios Europe I revolving loans up to $24,100 to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans I”).On an ongoing basis, Navios Europe I is required to distribute cash flows (after payment of operating expenses and amounts due pursuant to theterms of the Senior Loans I) according to a defined waterfall calculation.The Navios Term Loans I will be repaid from the future sale of vessels owned by Navios Europe I and is deemed to be the initial investment byNavios Holdings. Navios Holdings evaluated its investment in Navios Europe I under ASC 810 and concluded that Navios Europe I is a VIE and that they arenot the party most closely associated with Navios Europe I and, accordingly, is not the primary beneficiary of Navios Europe I.Navios Holdings further evaluated its investment in the common stock of Navios Europe I under ASC 323 and concluded that it has the abilityto exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Navios Europe I and, therefore, its investment in Navios Europe I is accountedfor under the equity method.The initial investment in Navios Europe I of $4,750 at the inception included the Company’s share of the basis difference between the fair valueand the underlying book value of the assets of Navios Europe I, which amounted to $6,763. This difference is amortized through “Equity in net earnings ofaffiliated companies” over the remaining life of Navios Europe I. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the unamortized basis difference ofNavios Europe I was $4,710, and $5,386, respectively.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the estimated maximum potential loss by Navios Holdings in Navios Europe I would have been $18,268 and$15,763, respectively, which represents the Company’s carrying value of its investment of $8,198 and $6,895, respectively, including accrued interest, plusthe Company’s balance of the Navios Revolving Loans I of $10,070 and $8,868, respectively, including accrued interest, and does not include the undrawnportion of the Navios Revolving Loans I. F-28 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Income of $1,303, $1,293 and $831 was recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” for the years ended December 31, 2016,2015 and 2014, respectively.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Europe I was $5,967 and $5,497, respectively. See alsoNote 25 for the transfer of Navios Holdings’ participation in Navios Revolving Loans I and Navios Term Loans I to Navios Partners.Navios Europe IIOn February 18, 2015, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe II. From June 8, 2015 throughDecember 31, 2015, Navios Europe II acquired 14 vessels for aggregate consideration consisting of: (i) cash (which was funded with the proceeds of a seniorloan facility (the “Senior Loans II”) and loans aggregating to $14,000 from Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (in each case, inproportion to their economic interests in Navios Europe II) (collectively, the “Navios Term Loans II”) and (ii) the assumption of a junior participating loanfacility (the “Junior Loan II”). In addition to the Navios Term Loans II, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will also make available toNavios Europe II revolving loans up to $43,500 to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans II”). In March 2017, theamount of the Navios Revolving Loans II increased by $14,000.On an ongoing basis, Navios Europe II is required to distribute cash flows (after payment of operating expenses, amounts due pursuant to theterms of the Senior Loans II) according to a defined waterfall calculation.The Navios Term Loans II will be repaid from the future sale of vessels owned by Navios Europe II and is deemed to be the initial investment byNavios Holdings. Navios Holdings evaluated its investment in Navios Europe II under ASC 810 and concluded that Navios Europe II is a VIE and that theyare not the party most closely associated with Navios Europe II and, accordingly, is not the primary beneficiary of Navios Europe II.Navios Holdings further evaluated its investment in the common stock of Navios Europe II under ASC 323 and concluded that it has the abilityto exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Navios Europe II and, therefore, its investment in Navios Europe II is accountedfor under the equity method.The initial investment in Navios Europe II recorded under the equity method of $6,650, at the inception included the Company’s share of thebasis difference between the fair value and the underlying book value of the assets of Navios Europe II, which amounted to $9,419. This difference isamortized through “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” over the remaining life of Navios Europe II. As of December 31, 2016, the unamortizedbasis difference of Navios Europe II was $7,953.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the estimated maximum potential loss by Navios Holdings in Navios Europe II would have been $22,287and $15,858, respectively, which represents the Company’s carrying value of its investment of $7,944 and $7,958, respectively, plus the Company’s balanceof the Navios Revolving Loans II of $14,343 and $7,900, respectively, including accrued interest, and does not include the undrawn portion of the NaviosRevolving Loans II.(Loss)/income of $(14) and $1,308 was recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” for the years ended December 31, 2016and 2015, respectively.As of December 31, 2016, the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Europe II was $5,894.Summarized financial information of the affiliated companies is presented below: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Balance Sheet NaviosPartners NaviosAcquisition Acropolis NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II NaviosPartners NaviosAcquisition Acropolis NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II Cash and cash equivalents, includingrestricted cash $25,088 $56,658 $720 $10,785 $16,916 $34,539 $61,645 $668 $11,839 $17,366 Current assets 56,349 107,282 986 15,980 19,487 39,835 97,349 1,117 14,782 22,539 Non-current assets 1,212,231 1,596,337 84 169,925 232,363 1,310,456 1,676,742 73 179,023 245,154 Current liabilities 98,950 79,421 413 18,490 24,126 41,528 82,798 447 15,377 16,897 Long-term debt including currentportion, net 523,776 1,095,938 — 86,060 119,234 598,078 1,197,583 — 96,580 129,185 Non-current liabilities 489,421 1,048,767 — 155,387 184,530 576,548 1,143,922 — 182,537 173,543 F-29 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Year ended December 31, 2016 Year ended December 31, 2015 Year ended December 31, 2014 IncomeStatement NaviosPartners NaviosAcquisition Acropolis NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II NaviosPartners NaviosAcquisition Acropolis NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II NaviosPartners NaviosAcquisition Acropolis NaviosEurope I Revenue $190,524 $290,245 $1,068 $40,589 $30,893 $223,676 $313,396 $1,760 $41,437 $20,767 $227,356 $264,877 $2,825 $35,119 Net income/(loss) beforenon-cashchange in fairvalue ofJunior Loan Iand JuniorLoan II $(52,549) $59,715 $157 $(2,174) $(25,062) $41,805 $84,796 $244 $(1,347) $1,673 $74,853 $11,371 1,298 (5,061) Netincome/(loss) $(52,549) $59,715 $157 $16,137 $(34,059) $41,805 $84,796 $244 $(1,118) $77,252 $74,853 $11,371 1,298 (1,896) NOTE 9: ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIESAccrued expenses and other liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Payroll $14,730 $11,021 Accrued interest 36,273 37,628 Accrued voyage expenses 2,217 3,311 Accrued running costs 21,394 22,705 Provision for losses on voyages in progress 3,129 2,157 Audit fees and related services 266 519 Accrued taxes 5,092 4,162 Professional fees 1,707 518 Dividends — 3,081 Navios Partners Guarantee (Note 15) — 8,752 Other accrued expenses 6,941 9,241 Total accrued expenses $91,749 $103,095 F-30 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) NOTE 10: BORROWINGSBorrowings as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following: Navios Holdings borrowings December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Commerzbank A.G. ($240,000) $19,857 $40,476 Loan Facility Credit Agricole ($40,000) 18,880 21,291 Loan Facility Credit Agricole ($23,000) 14,755 16,117 Loan Facility Credit Agricole ($23,000) 15,150 16,550 Loan Facility DVB Bank SE ($72,000) 54,540 58,939 Loan Facility DVB Bank SE ($41,000) 37,293 — Loan Facility Credit Agricole ($22,500) 16,313 18,563 Loan Facility DVB Bank SE ($40,000) 28,000 32,000 Loan Facility Alpha Bank ($31,000) 27,400 29,200 Loan Facility Alpha Bank ($16,125) 16,125 — Navios Acquisition Loan 51,240 — 2019 Notes 291,094 350,000 2022 Notes 650,000 650,000 Total Navios Holdings borrowings $1,240,647 $1,233,136 Navios Logistics borrowings December 31,2016 December 31,2015 2022 Logistics Senior Notes $375,000 $375,000 Navios Logistics Notes Payable 34,447 — Navios Logistics BBVA Loan Facility 25,000 — Other long-term loans 321 390 Total Navios Logistics borrowings $434,768 $375,390 Total December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Total borrowings $1,675,415 $1,608,526 Less: current portion, net (29,827) (16,944) Less: deferred finance costs, net (24,320) (27,218) Total long-term borrowings $1,621,268 $1,564,364 Navios Holdings loansSenior NotesOn January 28, 2011, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. (together with the Company, the“2019 Co-Issuers”) completed the sale of $350,000 of 8.125% Senior Notes due 2019 (the “2019 Notes”). During July, August and October 2016, theCompany repurchased $58,906 of its 2019 Notes for a cash consideration of $30,671 resulting in a gain on bond extinguishment of $27,670, net of deferredfees written-off.The 2019 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally and on an unsecured senior basis, by all of the Company’ssubsidiaries, other than Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc., Navios Maritime Finance (US) Inc., Navios Logistics and its subsidiaries and Navios GP L.L.C.The subsidiary guarantees are “full and unconditional”, except that the indenture provides for an individual subsidiary’s guarantee to be automaticallyreleased in certain customary circumstances, such as when a subsidiary is sold or all of the assets of the subsidiary are sold, the capital stock is sold, when thesubsidiary is designated as an “unrestricted subsidiary” for purposes of the indenture, upon liquidation or dissolution of the subsidiary or upon legal orcovenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the 2019 Notes. The 2019 Co-Issuers have the option to redeem the 2019 Notes in whole or in part, at afixed price of 104.063% of the principal amount, which price declines ratably until it reaches par in February 2017, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.In addition, upon the occurrence of certain change of control events, the holders of the 2019 Notes will have the right to require the 2019 Co-Issuers torepurchase some or all of the 2019 Notes at 101% of their face amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date.The 2019 Notes contain covenants which, among other things, limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, issuance of certain preferredstock, the payment of dividends, redemption or repurchase of capital stock or making restricted payments and F-31 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) investments, creation of certain liens, transfer or sale of assets, entering in transactions with affiliates, merging or consolidating or selling all or substantiallyall of the 2019 Co-Issuers’ properties and assets and creation or designation of restricted subsidiaries. The 2019 Co-Issuers were in compliance with thecovenants as of December 31, 2016.Ship Mortgage NotesOn November 29, 2013, Navios Holdings completed the sale of $650,000 of its 7.375% First Priority Ship Mortgage Notes due 2022 (the “2022Notes”). The net proceeds of the offering of the 2022 Notes have been used: (i) to repay, in full, $488,000 of first priority ship mortgage notes due onNovember 1, 2017, issued by the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Navios Maritime Finance (US) Inc. in November 2009 and July 2012; and (ii) torepay in full indebtedness relating to six vessels added as collateral under the 2022 Notes. The remainder has been used for general corporate purposes.The 2022 Notes are senior obligations of Navios Holdings and Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. (the “2022 Co- Issuers”) and are secured byfirst priority ship mortgages on 23 dry bulk vessels owned by certain subsidiary guarantors and certain other associated property and contract rights. The2022 Notes are unregistered and fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally by all of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries thatguarantee the 2019 Notes and Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. The guarantees of the Company’s subsidiaries that own mortgaged vessels are seniorsecured guarantees and the guarantees of the Company’s subsidiaries that do not own mortgaged vessels are senior unsecured guarantees. In addition, the2022 Co-Issuers have the option to redeem the 2022 Notes in whole or in part, at any time on or after January 15, 2017, at a fixed price of 105.531%, whichprice declines ratably until it reaches par in 2020.Furthermore, upon occurrence of certain change of control events, the holders of the 2022 Notes may require the 2022 Co-Issuers to repurchasesome or all of the notes at 101% of their face amount. The 2022 Notes contain covenants, which among other things, limit the incurrence of additionalindebtedness, issuance of certain preferred stock, the payment of dividends, redemption or repurchase of capital stock or making restricted payments andinvestments, creation of certain liens, transfer or sale of assets, entering into certain transactions with affiliates, merging or consolidating or selling all orsubstantially all of the 2022 Co-Issuers’ properties and assets and creation or designation of restricted subsidiaries. The 2022 Co-Issuers were in compliancewith the covenants as of December 31, 2016.Secured credit facilitiesCredit Agricole (formerly Emporiki) Facilities: In December 2012, the Emporiki Bank of Greece’s facilities were transferred to Credit AgricoleCorporate and Investment Bank.In September 2010, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Emporiki Bank of Greece for an amount of up to $40,000 in order topartially finance the construction of Navios Azimuth. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under the loan facility was repayable in 9 semi-annual equal installments of $1,206 with a final balloon payment of $8,030 on the last payment date. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 275basis points. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. In December 2015, Navios Azimuth was added as collateral to the NaviosAsia facility. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under this facility was $18,880.In August 2011, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Emporiki Bank of Greece for an amount of up to $23,000 in order topartially finance the construction of one newbuilding bulk carrier. As of December 31, 2016, the facility is repayable in 11 semi-annual equal installments of$681, with a final balloon payment of $7,264 on the last payment date. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 275 basis points. The loan facilityrequires compliance with certain covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under this facility was $14,755.In December 2011, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Emporiki Bank of Greece for an amount of up to $23,000 in order topartially finance the construction of one newbuilding bulk carrier. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under the loan facility was repayable in11 semi-annual equal installments of $700 after the drawdown date, with a final balloon payment of $7,450 on the last payment date. The loan bears interestat a rate of LIBOR plus 325 basis points. The loan facility requires compliance with certain covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amountunder this facility was $15,150.On December 20, 2013, Navios Asia entered into a facility with Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank for an amount of up to $22,500in two equal tranches, in order to finance the acquisition of the N Amalthia, which was delivered in October 2013, and the N Bonanza, which was delivered inJanuary 2014. The two tranches bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. The two F-32 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) tranches are repayable in four and five equal semi-annual installments of $563, respectively, with a final balloon payment of $5,625 on the last repaymentdate for each tranche respectively. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amountof the loan was $16,313.Commerzbank Facility: In June 2009, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement for an amount of up to $240,000 (divided into fourtranches of $60,000) with Commerzbank AG in order to partially finance the acquisition of a Capesize vessel and the construction of three Capesize vessels.Following the delivery of two Capesize vessels, Navios Holdings cancelled two of the four tranches and in October 2010 fully repaid their outstanding loanbalances of $53,600 and $54,500, respectively. During October 2016, the Company fully prepaid the third tranche of the facility, which had an outstandingbalance of $15,319, using $13,802 of cash, thus achieving a $1,517 benefit to nominal value. As of December 31, 2016, the fourth tranche of the facility isrepayable in 16 quarterly installments of $835, with a final balloon payment of $6,495 on the last payment date. The loan bears interest at a rate based on amargin of 225 basis points. The loan facility requires compliance with certain covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount was $19,857.DVB Bank SE Facilities: On March 23, 2012, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with a syndicate of banks led by DVB Bank SEfor an amount of up to $42,000 in two tranches: (i) the first tranche is for an amount of up to $26,000 in order to finance the acquisition of Navios Serenity;and (ii) the second tranche is for an amount of up to $16,000 to refinance the Navios Astra loan facility with Cyprus Popular Bank Public Co. Ltd. The twotranches bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 285 and 360 basis points, respectively. On June 27, 2014, Navios Holdings refinanced the existing facility,entering into a new tranche for an amount of $30,000 in order to finance the acquisition of the Navios Gem, which was delivered in June 2014. The newtranche bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 275 basis points. As of December 31, 2016, the first tranche is repayable in 13 quarterly installments of $362,with a final balloon payment of $14,400 on the last repayment date, the second tranche is repayable in 14 quarterly installments of $269, with a final balloonpayment of $6,354 on the last repayment date and the third tranche is repayable in 14 quarterly installments of $469, with a final balloon payment of$18,750 on the last repayment date. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the total outstandingamount was $54,540.In September 2013, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with DVB Bank SE for an amount of up to $40,000 in order to finance theacquisition of four Panamax vessels, delivered in August and September 2013. The facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 325 basis points. As ofDecember 31, 2016, the facility is repayable in 8 quarterly installments of $1,000, with a final balloon payment of $20,000 payable on the last repaymentdate. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. In December 2015, Navios Sphera and Navios Mars were added as collateral tothis facility. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount was $28,000.In January 2016, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with DVB Bank SE for an amount of up to $41,000 to be drawn in twotranches, to finance the acquisition of Navios Mars and Navios Sphera. The facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 255 basis points. The total amountdrawn under the facility was $39,900. The first tranche is repayable in five quarterly installments of $492 each, followed by 16 quarterly installments of $369each, and a final balloon payment of $14,760 on the last payment day. The second tranche is repayable in five quarterly installments of approximately $377each, followed by 16 installments of $220 each, and a final balloon payment of $8,764 on the last payment day. The loan facility also requires compliancewith certain covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount was $37,293.Alpha Bank A.E.: On November 6, 2014, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Alpha Bank A.E. for an amount of up to $31,000in order to finance part of the acquisition of a Capesize vessel. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. As of December 31, 2016, thefacility is repayable in 24 quarterly installments of $450, with a final balloon payment of $16,600 on the last repayment date. The loan facility requirescompliance with certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount was $27,400.On November 3, 2016, Navios Holdings entered into a facility agreement with Alpha Bank A.E. for an amount of up to $16,125 in order torefinance one Capesize vessel. The facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. The facility is repayable in four quarterly installments of$250, followed by 16 quarterly installments of $275 each, with a final balloon payment of $10,725 payable on the last repayment date. The first instalmentwill be due 15 months from the loan drawdown date. The loan facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016, theoutstanding amount was $16,125.The facilities are secured by first priority mortgages on certain of Navios Holdings’ vessels and other collateral.The credit facilities contain a number of restrictive covenants that limit Navios Holdings and/or certain of its subsidiaries from, among otherthings: incurring or guaranteeing indebtedness; entering into affiliate transactions; charging, pledging or encumbering the vessels securing such facilities;changing the flag, class, management or ownership of certain Navios Holdings’ vessels; changing the commercial and technical management of certainNavios Holdings’ vessels; selling or changing the ownership of certain Navios Holdings’ vessels; and subordinating the obligations under the credit facilitiesto any general and administrative costs relating to the vessels. The credit facilities also require the vessels to comply with the ISM Code and ISPS Code andto maintain valid safety F-33 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) management certificates and documents of compliance at all times. Additionally, the credit facilities require compliance with the covenants contained in theindentures governing the 2019 Notes and the 2022 Notes. Among other events, it will be an event of default under the credit facilities if the financialcovenants are not complied with or if Angeliki Frangou and her affiliates, together, own less than 20% of the outstanding share capital of Navios Holdings.The majority of the Company’s senior secured credit facilities require compliance with maintenance covenants, including (i) value-to-loan ratiocovenants, based on either charter-adjusted valuations, or charter-free valuations, ranging from over 110% to 130%, (ii) minimum liquidity up to a maximumof $40,000, and (iii) net total debt divided by total assets, as defined in each senior secured credit facility, ranging from a maximum of 75% to 80%. Certaincovenants in our senior secured credit facilities have been waived for a specific period of time up ranging from a minimum of two quarters to a maximum ofthree quarters (from the current balance sheet date) and/or amended to include (i) value-to-loan ratio covenants, based on either charter-adjusted valuations,or charter-free valuations, ranging from over 90% to 130%, and (ii) net total debt divided by total assets, as defined in each senior secured credit facility,ranging from a maximum of 80% to 90%.As of December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all of the covenants under each of its credit facilities.Navios Acquisition LoanOn September 19, 2016, Navios Holdings entered into a secured credit facility of up to $70,000 with Navios Acquisition. Please see also Note15.Navios Logistics loans2019 Logistics Senior NotesOn April 12, 2011, Navios Logistics and its wholly-owned subsidiary Navios Logistics Finance (US) Inc. (“Logistics Finance” and, together, the“Logistics Co-Issuers”) issued $200,000 in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due on April 15, 2019 at a fixed rate of 9.25% (the “Existing 2019Logistics Senior Notes”). On March 12, 2013, the Logistics Co-Issuers issued $90,000 in aggregate principal amount of 9.25% Logistics Senior Notes due2019 (the “Additional 2019 Logistics Senior Notes”, and together with the Existing 2019 Logistics Senior Notes, the “2019 Logistics Senior Notes”) at apremium, with a price of 103.750%.On May 5, 2014, the Logistics Co-Issuers completed a cash tender offer (the “Tender Offer”) and related solicitation of consents for certainproposed amendments to the indenture governing the 2019 Logistics Senior Notes, for any and all of their outstanding 2019 Logistics Senior Notes. After thepurchase by the Logistics Co-Issuers of all of the 2019 Logistics Senior Notes validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to the consent paymentdeadline, the Logistics Co-Issuers redeemed for cash all the 2019 Logistics Senior Notes that remained outstanding after the completion of the Tender Offer,plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. The effect of this transaction was the recognition of a $27,281 loss in theconsolidated statement of comprehensive (loss)/ income under “Loss on bond and debt extinguishment”, consisting of a $7,881 loss relating to theaccelerated amortization of the unamortized deferred finance costs, a $3,095 gain relating to the accelerated amortization of unamortized Additional 2019Logistics Senior Notes premium and a $22,495 loss relating to tender premium fees and expenses.2022 Logistics Senior NotesOn April 22, 2014, the Logistics Co-Issuers completed the sale of $375,000 in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due on May 1, 2022 ata fixed rate of 7.25% (the “2022 Logistics Senior Notes”). The net proceeds from the sale of 2022 Logistics Senior Notes were partially used to redeem anyand all of 2019 Logistics Senior Notes and pay related transaction fees and expenses. The 2022 Logistics Senior Notes are unregistered and fully andunconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by all of Navios Logistics’ direct and indirect subsidiaries except for Horamar do Brasil Navegação Ltda(“Horamar do Brasil”), Naviera Alto Parana S.A. (“Naviera Alto Parana”), and Terra Norte Group S.A. (“Terra Norte”), which are deemed to be immaterial, andLogistics Finance, which is the co-issuer of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes. The subsidiary guarantees are “full and unconditional”, except that theindenture provides for an individual subsidiary’s guarantee to be automatically released in certain customary circumstances, such as in connection with a saleor other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the subsidiary, in connection with the sale of a majority of the capital stock of the subsidiary, ifthe subsidiary is designated as an “unrestricted subsidiary” in accordance with the indenture, upon liquidation or dissolution of the subsidiary or upon legalor covenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes.The Logistics Co-Issuers have the option to redeem the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes in whole or in part, at their option, at any time (i) beforeMay 1, 2017, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus the applicable make-whole premium plus F-34 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date and (ii) on or after May 1, 2017, at a fixed price of 105.438%, which price declines ratably until itreaches par in 2020. At any time before May 1, 2017, the Logistics Co-Issuers may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2022 LogisticsSenior Notes with the net proceeds of an equity offering at 107.250% of the principal amount of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaidinterest, if any, to the redemption date so long as at least 65% of the originally issued aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes remainsoutstanding after such redemption. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain change of control events, the holders of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes willhave the right to require the Logistics Co-Issuers to repurchase some or all of the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes at 101% of their face amount, plus accrued andunpaid interest to the repurchase date.The indenture governing the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes contains covenants which, among other things, limit the incurrence of additionalindebtedness, issuance of certain preferred stock, the payment of dividends in excess of 6% per annum of the net proceeds received by or contributed toNavios Logistics in or from any public offering, redemption or repurchase of capital stock or making restricted payments and investments, creation of certainliens, transfer or sale of assets, entering into transactions with affiliates, merging or consolidating or selling all or substantially all of Navios Logisticsproperties and assets and creation or designation of restricted subsidiaries.The indenture governing the 2022 Logistics Senior Notes include customary events of default, including failure to pay principal and interest onthe 2022 Logistics Senior Notes, a failure to comply with covenants, a failure by Navios Logistics or any significant subsidiary or any group of restrictedsubsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a significant subsidiary to pay material judgments or indebtedness and bankruptcy and insolvency eventswith respect to us or any significant subsidiary or any group of restricted subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a significant subsidiary.As of December 31, 2016, all subsidiaries, including Logistics Finance, Horamar do Brasil, Naviera Alto Parana and Terra Norte are 100% owned.Logistics Finance, Horamar do Brasil, Naviera Alto Parana and Terra Norte do not have any independent assets or operations.In addition, there are no significant restrictions on (i) the ability of the parent company, any issuer (or co-issuer) or any guarantor subsidiaries ofthe 2022 Logistics Senior Notes to obtain funds by dividend or loan from any of their subsidiaries or (ii) the ability of any subsidiaries to transfer funds to theissuer (or co-issuer) or any guarantor subsidiaries.The Logistics Co-Issuers were in compliance with the covenants as of December 31, 2016.Navios Logistics Notes PayableIn connection with the purchase of mechanical equipment for the expansion of its dry port terminal, Corporacion Navios S.A. (“CNSA”) enteredinto an unsecured export financing line of credit for a total amount of $41,964, including all related fixed financing costs of $5,949, available in multipledrawings upon the completion of certain milestones (“Drawdown Events”). CNSA incurs the obligation for the respective amount drawn by signingpromissory notes (“Navios Logistics Notes Payable”). Each drawdown is repayable in 16 consecutive semi-annual installments, starting six months after thecompletion of each Drawdown Event. Together with each Note Payable, CNSA shall pay interest equal to six-month LIBOR. The unsecured export financingline is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Navios Logistics. As of December 31, 2016, the remaining available amount was $826.Navios Logistics BBVA Loan FacilityOn December 15, 2016, Navios Logistics entered into a facility with Banco Bilbao Vizcayan Argentaria Uruguay S.A. (“BBVA”) for an amountof $25,000, for general corporate purposes. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR (180 days) plus 325 basis points. The loan is repayable in twentyquarterly installments, starting on June 19, 2017, and secured by assignments of certain receivables. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount of theloan was $25,000.Other indebtednessIn connection with the acquisition of Hidronave S.A. on October 29, 2009, Navios Logistics assumed a $817 loan facility that was entered intoby Hidronave S.A. in 2001, in order to finance the construction of the pushboat Nazira. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding loan balance was $321($390 as of December 31, 2015). The loan facility bears interest at a fixed rate of 600 basis points. The loan is repayable in monthly installments of $6 eachand the final repayment must occur prior to August 10, 2021.During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company paid $40,737, of which $21,635 related to scheduled repayment installments for theyear 2016, $13,802 related to the refinancing of one of its secured credit facilities and $5,300 related to the balloon payments originally due in 2019 and2020.The annual weighted average interest rates of the Company’s total borrowings were 6.87%, 6.98% and 7.18% for the year ended December 31,2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. F-35 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) The maturity table below reflects the principal payments for the next five years and thereafter of all borrowings of Navios Holdings (includingNavios Logistics) outstanding as of December 31, 2016, based on the repayment schedules of the respective loan facilities and the outstanding amount dueunder the debt securities. Year 2017(1) $30,790 2018 109,552 2019 324,765 2020 72,103 2021 29,021 2022 and thereafter 1,109,184 Total $1,675,415 (1)In February 2017, we agreed with one of our financing banks on the deferral of principal payments amounting to $3,711, originally due in 2017, to bepaid in 2018.NOTE 11: FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFair value of financial instrumentsThe following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for interest bearing deposits and money marketfunds approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of these investments.Restricted cash: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for interest bearing deposits approximate their fair valuebecause of the short maturity of these investments.Borrowings: The book value has been adjusted to reflect the net presentation of deferred financing costs. The outstanding balance of thefloating rate loans continues to approximate their fair value, excluding the effect of any deferred finance costs. The 2019 Notes, the 2022 Notes, the 2022Logistics Senior Notes, the Navios Acquisition Loan and one Navios Logistics’ loan are fixed rate borrowings and their fair value was determined based onquoted market prices.Capital leases: The capital leases are fixed rate obligations and their carrying amounts approximate their fair value.Loan receivable from affiliate companies: The carrying amount of the fixed rate loan approximates its fair value.Loan payable to affiliate company: The carrying amount of the fixed rate loan approximates its fair value.Long-term receivable from affiliate company: The carrying amount of the floating rate receivable approximates its fair value.Long-term payable to affiliate company: The carrying amount of the long-term payable approximates its fair value.Investments in available-for-sale securities: The carrying amount of the investments in available-for-sale securities reported in the consolidatedbalance sheets represents unrealized gains and losses on these securities, which are reflected directly in equity unless an unrealized loss is considered “other-than-temporary”, in which case it is transferred to the consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss). During the third quarter of 2016, theCompany sold all its available-for-sale securities.Long-term payables to affiliate companies: The carrying amount of other long-term payables to affiliate companies approximates their fairvalue. F-36 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments were as follows: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Book Value Fair Value Book Value Fair Value Cash and cash equivalents $135,992 $135,992 $163,412 $163,412 Restricted cash $5,386 $5,386 $13,480 $13,480 Investments in available-for-sale-securities $— $— $5,173 $5,173 Loan receivable from affiliate company $23,008 $23,008 $16,474 $16,474 Long-term receivable from affiliate companies $11,105 $11,105 $— $— Capital lease obligations, including current portion $(17,617) $(17,617) $(20,649) $(20,649) Senior and ship mortgage notes, net $(1,296,537) $(974,170) $(1,350,941) $(735,002) Long-term debt, including current portion $(304,682) $(308,080) $(230,367) $(233,526) Loan payable to affiliate company $(49,876) $(51,240) $— $— Long-term payable to affiliate companies $(6,399) $(6,399) $— $— The following table set forth our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis categorized by fair value hierarchy level. As requiredby the fair value guidance, assets are categorized in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Therewere no assets and/or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016. Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2015 Assets Total Quoted Prices inActive Markets forIdentical Assets(Level I) Significant OtherObservableInputs(Level II) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level III) Investments in available-for-sale securities $5,173 $5,173 $— $— Total $5,173 $5,173 $— $— The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis were: Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016 Total Quoted Prices inActive Markets forIdentical Assets(Level I) Significant OtherObservableInputs(Level II) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level III) Investments in affiliates $148,095 $148,095 $— $— The Company recorded an OTTI loss of $228,026 on its investments in Navios Partners and Navios Acquisition during the year ended December 31,2016, thus reducing their total carrying value to $148,095 as at December 31, 2016.Fair Value MeasurementsThe estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, categorized based upon the fairvalue hierarchy, are as follows:Level I: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access. Valuation ofthese items does not entail a significant amount of judgment.Level II: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level I that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market dataat the measurement date. Level III: Inputs that are unobservable. Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Total (Level I) (Level II) (Level III) Cash and cash equivalents $135,992 $135,992 $— $— Restricted cash $5,386 $5,386 $— $— Loan receivable from affiliate company(2) $23,008 $— $23,008 $— Long-term receivable from affiliate companies(2) $11,105 $— $11,105 $— Capital lease obligations, including current portion(1) $(17,617) $— $(17,617) $— Senior and ship mortgage notes $(974,170) $(974,170) $— $— Long-term debt, including current portion(1) $(308,080) $— $(308,080) $— Loan payable to affiliate company(2) $(51,240) $— $(51,240) $— Long-term payable to affiliate companies(2) $(6,399) $— $(6,399) $— F-37 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2015 Total (Level I) (Level II) (Level III) Cash and cash equivalents $163,412 $163,412 $— $— Restricted cash $13,480 $13,480 $— $— Loan receivable from affiliate companies(2) $16,474 $— $16,474 $— Senior and ship mortgage notes $(735,002) $(735,002) $— $— Capital lease obligations, including current portion(1) $(20,649) $— $(20,649) $— Long-term debt, including current portion(1) $(233,526) $— $(233,526) $— (1)The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt/ Capital lease obligations is estimated based on currently available debt with similar contract terms,interest rates and remaining maturities, published quoted market prices as well as taking into account the Company’s creditworthiness.(2)The fair value of the Company’s loan receivable from/ payable to affiliate companies and long-term receivable from/payable to affiliate companies isestimated based on currently available debt with similar contract terms, interest rate and remaining maturities as well as taking into account thecounterparty’s creditworthiness.NOTE 12: EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANSRetirement Saving PlanThe Company sponsors an employee saving plan covering all of its employees in the United States. The Company’s contributions to theemployee saving plan during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, were approximately $69, $96 and $101, respectively, which included adiscretionary contribution of $0, $14, and $17, respectively.Defined Benefit Pension PlanThe Company sponsors a legacy unfunded defined benefit pension plan that covers certain Bahamian and Uruguayan nationals and formerNavios Corporation employees. The liability related to the plan is recognized based on actuarial valuations. The current portion of the liability is included inaccrued expenses and the non-current portion of the liability is included in other long-term liabilities. There are no pension plan assets.The Greek office employees are protected by the Greek Labor Law. According to the law, the Company is required to pay retirement indemnitiesto employees on dismissal, or on leaving with an entitlement to a full security retirement pension. Please refer to Note 2(s).Stock PlanThe Company has awarded restricted share units, shares of restricted common stock and restricted stock units to its employees, officers anddirectors. The restriction lapses in two or three equal tranches, over the requisite service periods, of one, two and three years from the grant date. TheCompany has also awarded share appreciation rights and stock options to its officers and directors only, based on service conditions, which vest in threeequal tranches over the requisite service periods of one, two and three years from the grant date. Each option expires seven years after its grant date. Pleaserefer to Note 2(s).On December 11, 2013, the Company awarded shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units to its employees, officers and directors andstock options to its officers and directors, which vested all at once upon achievement of the internal performance criteria. As of December 31, 2014, theCompany determined that it was probable that the performance criteria of these awards would be met and recognized a compensation expense of $3,753.On December 15, 2014, the Company awarded shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units to its employees, officers and directors andstock options to its officers and directors, which vest all at once upon achievement of the internal performance criteria. As of December 31, 2015, theCompany determined that it was probable that the performance criteria of these awards would be met and recognized a compensation expense of $2,615.During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not award any restricted stock, restricted stock units or stock options,which vest upon achievement of certain performance conditions. F-38 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) The fair value of all share appreciation rights awards and stock option awards has been calculated based on the modified Black-Scholes method.A description of the significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock option awards is set out below: • Expected term: The Company began granting stock options in October 2007. The first stock option exercise was in 2010 and the number ofoptions exercised during each of the years ended December 31, 2014 (143,189), 2013 (153,556), 2012 (29,251), 2011 (130,578) and 2010(130,577) was small in relation to the total number of options granted. No stock options were exercised during the year ended December 31,2016 and 2015. Therefore, due to limited historical share option exercise experience to provide for a reasonable basis upon which to estimateexpected term, the Company opted to apply the simplified method.The “simplified method” used includes taking the average of the weighted average time to vesting and the contractual term of the shareappreciation rights and option awards. The service conditions share appreciation rights and option awards vest over three years at 33.3%, 33.3% and33.4% respectively, resulting in a weighted average time to vest of approximately 2 years. The contractual term of the award is 7 years. Utilizing thesimplified approach formula, the derived expected term estimate for the Company’s service conditions share appreciation rights and option award is4.5 years. • Expected volatility: The historical volatility of Navios Holdings’ shares was used in order to estimate the volatility of the share appreciationrights and stock option awards. The final expected volatility estimate, which equals the historical estimate, for the service conditions optionawards was 84.71%, 55.17% and 47.06% for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and for the performance conditions option awards was 58.78%and 41.48% for 2014 and 2013, respectively. • Expected dividends: The expected dividend is based on the current dividend, our historical pattern of dividend changes and the market price ofour stock. • Risk-free rate: Navios Holdings has selected to employ the risk-free yield-to-maturity rate to match the expected term estimated under the“simplified method”. For the service conditions share appreciation rights and option awards, the 4.5 year yield-to-maturity rate as of the grantdate is 1.81%, 1.46% and 1.44% for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the performance conditions option awards, the one yearyield-to-maturity rate as of the grant date is 0.22% and 0.13% for 2014 and 2013, respectively.The fair value of restricted share unit, restricted stock and restricted stock unit grants excludes dividends to which holders of restricted shareunits, restricted stock and restricted stock units are not entitled. The expected dividend assumption used in the valuation of restricted share unit, restrictedstock and restricted stock units grant is $0 for 2016 and 2015 and $0.06 per quarter for 2014.The weighted average grant date fair value of share appreciation rights and restricted common stock options granted during the year endedDecember 31, 2016 was $0.78 and $1.20, respectively.The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options and restricted stock granted during the year ended December 31, 2015 was $0.55 and$1.20, respectively.The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units granted during the year endedDecember 31, 2014 was $1.14, $3.64 and $3.64, respectively.The effect of compensation expense arising from the stock-based arrangements described above amounted to $3,446, $5,591 and $7,719 for theyears ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively and it was reflected in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements ofcomprehensive (loss)/income. The recognized compensation expense for the year is presented as an adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash providedby operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. F-39 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) The summary of stock-based awards is summarized as follows (in thousands except share and per share data): Shares Weightedaverageexerciseprice Weightedaverageremainingterm Aggregatefair value Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2013 5,139,030 5.50 4.81 9,209 Vested at December 31, 2013 911,493 — — — Exercisable at December 31, 2013 753,562 — — — Exercised (143,189) — — (273) Forfeited or expired (314,250) — — (1,610) Granted 1,123,003 3.64 — 1,084 Outstanding as of December 31, 2014 5,804,594 4.57 4.64 8,410 Vested at December 31, 2014 1,643,665 — — — Exercisable at December 31, 2014 1,500,476 — — — Forfeited or expired (159,828) — — (193) Granted 1,000,000 1.2 — 552 Outstanding as of December 31, 2015 6,644,766 4,09 4.23 8,769 Vested at December 31, 2015 730,592 — — — Exercisable at December 31, 2015 730,592 — — — Forfeited or expired (348,520) — — — Granted 2,500,000 1.2 — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 8,796,246 3.20 4.41 9,804 Restricted stock and restricted stock units Non Vested as of December 31, 2013 1,883,983 — 1.40 11,220 Granted 1,175,353 — — 4,278 Vested (1,058,903) — — (4,580) Forfeited or expired (3,089) — — (19) Non Vested as of December 31, 2014 1,997,344 — 2.00 10,899 Granted 2,540,000 — — 3,048 Vested (812,847) — — (5,746) Forfeited or expired (3,538) — — (15) Non Vested as of December 31, 2015 3,720,959 — 2.45 8,186 Granted 2,540,000 — — 3,048 Vested (1,755,017) — — (5,122) Forfeited or expired (3,408) — — (12) Non Vested as of December 31, 2016 4,502,534 $— 2.55 $6,100 The estimated compensation cost relating to service conditions of non-vested (i) share appreciation rights and stock options and (ii) restrictedshare units, restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards, not yet recognized was $2,156 and $4,705, respectively, as of December 31, 2016 and isexpected to be recognized over the weighted average period of 3.10 years.NOTE 13: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESAs of December 31, 2016, the Company was contingently liable for letters of guarantee and letters of credit amounting to $590 (December 31,2015: $590) issued by various banks in favor of various organizations and the total amount was collateralized by cash deposits, which were included as acomponent of restricted cash.Navios Logistics has issued a guarantee and indemnity letter that guarantees the performance by Petrolera San Antonio S.A. (a consolidatedsubsidiary) of all its obligations to Vitol S.A. up to $12,000. This guarantee expires on March 1, 2018.The Company is involved in various disputes and arbitration proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Provisions have beenrecognized in the financial statements for all such proceedings where the Company believes that a liability may be probable, and for which the amounts canbe reasonably estimated, based upon facts known on the date the financial statements were prepared. Although the Company cannot predict with certaintythe ultimate resolutions of these matters, in the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material adverseeffect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity. F-40 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) As of December 31, 2016, Navios Logistics had obligations related to the acquisition of three new pushboats and the expansion of its dry portfacility of $10,933 and $8,734, respectively, until the third quarter of 2017.Navios Logistics had a dispute with Vale regarding the termination date of a COA contract, which was under arbitration proceedings in NewYork. Navios Logistics has received full security for its claim to date. As of December 31, 2016, related to this arbitration, Navios Logistics issued a letter ofcredit amounting to $2,900 and the total amount was collateralized by a cash deposit, which was presented as restricted cash in the accompanying balancesheets. For details on the New York arbitration ruling in favor of Navios Logistics, please see Note 25.On March 30, 2016, Navios Logistics received written notice from Vale stating that Vale will not be performing the service contract entered intobetween CNSA and Vale on September 27, 2013, relating to the iron ore port facility currently under construction in Nueva Palmira, Uruguay. NaviosLogistics initiated arbitration proceedings in London on June 10, 2016 pursuant to the dispute resolution provisions of the service contract. On December 20,2016, a London arbitration tribunal ruled that the Vale port contract remains in full force and effect. If Vale were to further repudiate or renounce the contract,Navios Logistics may elect to terminate the contract and then would be entitled to damages calculated by reference to guaranteed volumes and agreed tariffsfor the remaining period of the contract.On April 1, 2016, Navios Holdings was named as a defendant in a putative shareholder derivative lawsuit brought by two alleged shareholders ofNavios Acquisition purportedly on behalf of nominal defendant, Navios Acquisition, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of NewYork, captioned Metropolitan Capital Advisors International Ltd., et al. v. Navios Maritime Holdings, Inc. et al., No. 1:16-cv-02437. The lawsuit challengedthe March 9, 2016 loan agreement between Navios Holdings and Navios Acquisition pursuant to which Navios Acquisition agreed to provide a $50,000credit facility (the “Revolver”) to Navios Holdings.On April 14, 2016, Navios Holdings and Navios Acquisition announced that the Revolver had been cancelled, and that no borrowings had beenmade under the Revolver. In June 2016, the parties reached an agreement resolving the plaintiffs’ application for attorneys’ fees and expenses which wasapproved by an order of the Court. The litigation was dismissed upon notice of the order being provided to Navios Acquisition’s shareholders via theinclusion of the order as an attachment to a Navios Acquisition Form 6-K and the payment of $775 by Navios Acquisition in satisfaction of the plaintiffs’request for attorneys’ fees and expenses. A copy of the order was provided as an exhibit to Navios Acquisition’s Form 6-K filed with the Securities andExchange Commission on June 9, 2016.The Company, in the normal course of business, entered into contracts to time charter-in vessels for various periods through 2026.NOTE 14: LEASESChartered-in vessels, barges, pushboats and office space:As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s future minimum commitments, net of commissions under chartered-in vessels, barges, pushboats andoffice space were as follows: Charter-invesselsin operation Charter-invesselsto be delivered Office space 2017 $110,645 $13,783 $2,687 2018 104,091 13,988 1,921 2019 85,001 9,892 1,189 2020 73,663 9,919 508 2021 51,924 9,892 184 2022 and thereafter 92,488 29,038 — Total $517,812 $86,512 $6,489 Charter hire expense for Navios Holdings chartered-in vessels amounted to $84,114, $134,364 and $111,386, for each of the years endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Charter hire expense for logistics business chartered-in vessels amounted to $1,521, $1,307 and $2,468, foreach of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.Rent expense for office space amounted to $2,748, $2,508, and $2,804 for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014,respectively. The Company leases office space at 825 3rd Avenue, New York, New York, pursuant to a lease that expires in April 2019. The Company alsoleases office space at 85 Akti Miaouli, Piraeus, Greece, pursuant to lease agreements that expire in 2017 and 2019. The Company also leases office space inMonaco pursuant to a lease that expires in June 2018. The Company also leases office space in Antwerp, Belgium pursuant to a lease that expires in 2019.Navios Logistics’ subsidiaries lease various premises in Argentina and Paraguay that expire on various dates through 2021. The above tableincorporates the lease commitments on all offices as disclosed above. F-41 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Chartered-out vessels, barges and pushboats:The future minimum revenue, net of commissions, (i) for dry bulk vessels, expected to be earned on non-cancelable time charters and (ii) for theCompany’s logistics business, expected to be earned on non-cancelable time charters, COA’s with minimum guaranteed volumes and contracts withminimum guaranteed throughput in Navios Logistics’ ports, are as follows: Dry bulkvessels Logisticsbusiness 2017 $30,093 $112,803 2018 805 76,883 2019 — 76,641 2020 — 64,191 2021 — 52,569 2022 and thereafter 684,511 Total minimum revenue, net of commissions $30,898 $1,067,598 Revenues from time charters are not generally received when a vessel is off-hire, which includes time required for scheduled maintenance of thevessel.The future minimum revenue of Navios Logistics, as presented in the table above, expected to be earned on non-cancelable contracts withminimum guaranteed throughput after the successful completion of the expansion of Navios Logistics’ dry port facility is $44,200 per annum, based oncurrent contract rates, for a period of 20 years.Navios Logistics’ future minimum revenue, as presented in the table above, expected to be earned on non-cancelable contracts under timecharter after the successful completion of the construction of a river and estuary tanker, is $41,640 for a period of five years, based on current contract rates.NOTE 15: TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIESOffice rent: The Company has entered into lease agreements with Goldland Ktimatiki-Ikodomiki-Touristiki Xenodohiaki Anonimos Eteria andEmerald Ktimatiki-Ikodomiki Touristiki Xenodohiaki Anonimos Eteria, both of which are Greek corporations that are currently majority-owned by AngelikiFrangou, Navios Holdings’ Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The lease agreements provide for the leasing of facilities located in Piraeus, Greece tohouse the operations of most of the Company’s subsidiaries. The total annual lease payments are in aggregate €943 (approximately $1,044) and the leaseagreements expire in 2017 and 2019. These payments are subject to annual adjustments, which are based on the inflation rate prevailing in Greece as reportedby the Greek State at the end of each year.Purchase of services: The Company utilizes its affiliate company, Acropolis, as a broker. Commissions charged from Acropolis for each of theyears ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $0, $6 and $2, respectively. Included in the trade accounts payable at December 31, 2016 and 2015 wasan amount due to Acropolis of $76 and $76, respectively.Vessels charter hire: From 2012, Navios Holdings has entered into charter-in contracts for certain of Navios Partners’ vessels, all of which havebeen redelivered by April 2016.In May 2012 and 2013, the Company entered into two charters with Navios Partners for the Navios Aldebaran and the Navios Prosperity. OnFebruary 11, 2015, the Company and Navios Partners entered into a novation agreement whereby the rights to the time charter contract of the NaviosAldebaran and the Navios Prosperity were transferred to Navios Holdings on February 28 and March 5, 2015, respectively.In 2012 and 2013, the Company entered into various charters with Navios Partners for the Navios Apollon, Navios Libra, Navios Felicity andNavios Hope. In April 2015, these charters were further extended for approximately one year at a net daily rate of $12.5, $12.0, $12.0, $10.0 plus 50/50 profitsharing based on actual earnings at the end of the period.In 2015, the Company entered into various charters with Navios Partners for the Navios Gemini, Navios Hyperion, Navios Soleil, NaviosHarmony, Navios Orbiter, Navios Fantastiks, Navios Alegria, Navios Pollux and Navios Sun. The terms of these charters were approximately nine to twelvemonths, at a net daily rate of $7.6, $12.0, $12.0, $12.0, $12.0, $12.5, $12.0, $11.4 and $12.0, respectively plus 50/50 profit sharing based on actual earningsat the end of the period.In November 2016 the Company entered into a charter with a Navios Partners for the Navios Fulvia, a 2010-built Capesize vessel. The term ofthis charter was approximately three months from November 2016, at a net daily rate of $11.5.Total charter hire expense for all vessels for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1,711, $39,727 and $28,162, respectively,and was included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income under “Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses”. F-42 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Management fees: Navios Holdings provides commercial and technical management services to Navios Partners’ vessels for a daily fixed fee.This daily fee covers all of the vessels’ operating expenses, including the cost of drydock and special surveys. In each of October 2013, August 2014, andFebruary 2015, the Company amended its existing management agreement with Navios Partners to fix the fees for ship management services of its ownedfleet at: (i) $4.0 daily rate per Ultra-Handymax vessel; (ii) $4.1 daily rate per Panamax vessel; (iii) $5.1 daily rate per Capesize vessel; (iv) $6.5 daily rate percontainer vessel of TEU 6,800; (v) $7.2 daily rate per container vessel of more than TEU 8,000; and (vi) $8.5 daily rate per very large container vessel of morethan TEU 13,000 through December 31, 2015. In February 2016, the Company further amended its existing management agreement to fix the fees for shipmanagement services of its owned fleet at: (i) $4.1 daily rate per Ultra-Handymax vessel; (ii) $4.2 daily rate per Panamax vessel; (iii) $5.25 daily rate perCapesize vessel; (iv) $6.7 daily rate per container vessel of TEU 6,800; (v) $7.4 daily rate per container vessel of more than TEU 8,000; and (vi) $8.75 dailyrate per very large container vessel of more than TEU 13,000 through December 31, 2017. Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed byNavios Partners at cost at occurrence. Total management fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $59,209, $56,504 and$50,359, respectively, and are presented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Effective August 31, 2016, Navios Partners could, upon request to Navios Holdings, partially or fully defer the reimbursement of dry dockingand other extraordinary fees and expenses under the management agreement to a later date, but not later than January 5, 2018, and if reimbursed on a laterdate, such amounts would bear interest at a rate of 1% per annum over LIBOR. Total amounts due from Navios Partners as of December 31, 2016 amounted to$11,105 (December 31, 2015: $0) and is presented under the caption “Long-term receivable from affiliate company”.Navios Holdings provides commercial and technical management services to Navios Acquisition’s vessels for a daily fee that was fixed untilMay 2014, of $6.0 per owned MR2 product tanker and chemical tanker vessel, $7.0 per owned LR1 product tanker vessel and $10.0 per owned VLCC vessel.This daily fee covers all of the vessels’ operating expenses, other than certain fees and costs. Actual operating costs and expenses will be determined in amanner consistent with how the initial fixed fees were determined. Drydocking expenses until May 2014 were fixed under this agreement for up to $300 perLR1 and MR2 product tanker vessel and will be reimbursed at cost for VLCC vessels. In May 2014, Navios Holdings extended the duration of its existingmanagement agreement with Navios Acquisition until May 2020 and fixed the fees for ship management services of Navios Acquisition owned fleet for twoadditional years through May 2016 at the same rates for product tanker and chemical tanker vessels, and reduced the daily rate to $9.5 per VLCC vessel. InMay 2016, Navios Holdings amended its agreement with Navios Acquisition to fix the fees for ship management services of Navios Acquisition owned fleetat a daily fee of (i) $6.35 per MR2 product tanker and chemical tanker vessel; (ii) $7.15 per LR1 product tanker vessel; and (iii) $9.5 per VLCC through May2018. Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed at cost at occurrence for all vessels.Total management fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $97,866, $95,336 and $95,827, respectively, andare presented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Pursuant to a management agreement dated December 13, 2013, Navios Holdings provides commercial and technical management services toNavios Europe I’s tanker and container vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of six years. Management fees under this agreement will bereimbursed at cost at occurrence. Total management fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $20,855, $20,383 and $20,098,respectively, and are presented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Pursuant to a management agreement dated November 18, 2014, as further amended in October 2016, Navios Holdings provides commercial andtechnical management services to Navios Midstream’s vessels for a daily fixed fee of $9.5 per owned VLCC vessel, effective through December 31, 2018.Drydocking expenses under this agreement will be reimbursed at cost at occurrence for all vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of five years.Total management fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $20,862, $17,613 and $1,672, respectively, and are presentednet under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Pursuant to a management agreement dated June 5, 2015, Navios Holdings provides commercial and technical management services to NaviosEurope II’s dry bulker and container vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of six years. Management fees under this agreement will be reimbursedat cost at occurrence. Total management fees for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $23,527 and $9,581, respectively, and arepresented net under the caption “Direct vessel expenses”.Navios Partners Guarantee: In November 2012 (as amended in March 2014), the Company entered into an agreement with Navios Partners (the“Navios Partners Guarantee”) to provide Navios Partners with guarantees against counterparty default on certain existing charters, which had previously beencovered by the charter insurance for the same vessels, same periods and same amounts. The Navios Partners Guarantee provides for a maximum possiblepayout of $20,000 by the Company to Navios Partners. Premiums that are calculated on the same basis as the restructured charter insurance are included inthe management fee that is paid by Navios Partners to Navios Holdings pursuant to the management agreement. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Partnershas submitted one claim under this agreement to the Company. As at December 31, 2016, the fair value of the claim was estimated at $19,739 and included in“Other long-term liabilities and deferred income” in the consolidated balance sheet. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company initiallyrecognized this claim as “Other expense” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss)/ income. F-43 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates/Administrative fee revenue from affiliates: Navios Holdings providesadministrative services to Navios Partners. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with the provision ofthese services. Navios Holdings extended the duration of its existing administrative services agreement with Navios Partners until December 31, 2017,pursuant to its existing terms. Total general and administrative fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $7,751, $6,205 and$6,090, respectively.Navios Holdings provides administrative services to Navios Acquisition. Navios Holdings extended the duration of its existing administrativeservices agreement with Navios Acquisition until May 2020 pursuant to its existing terms. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expensesincurred in connection with the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014amounted to $9,427, $7,608 and $7,314, respectively.Navios Holdings provides administrative services to Navios Logistics. In April 2016, Navios Holdings extended the duration of its existingadministrative services agreement with Navios Logistics until December 2021 pursuant to its existing terms. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonablecosts and expenses incurred in connection with the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees for the years ended December 31, 2016,2015 and 2014 amounted to $1,000, $760 and $760, respectively. The general and administrative fees have been eliminated upon consolidation.Pursuant to an administrative services agreement dated December 13, 2013, Navios Holdings provides administrative services to Navios EuropeI’s tanker and container vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of six years. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expensesincurred in connection with the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014amounted to $1,300, $800 and $800, respectively.Pursuant to an administrative services agreement dated November 18, 2014, Navios Holdings provides administrative services to NaviosMidstream. The term of this agreement is for a period of five years. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connectionwith the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $1,500,$1,014 and $96, respectively.Pursuant to an administrative services agreement dated June 5, 2015, Navios Holdings provides administrative services to Navios Europe II’s drybulk and container vessels. The term of this agreement is for a period of six years. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurredin connection with the provision of these services. Total general and administrative fees charged for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, amountedto $1,820 and $550, respectively.Balance due from/to affiliates (excluding Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II): Balance due from affiliates as of December 31, 2016amounted to $0 (December 31, 2015: $8,887).Balance due to affiliates as of December 31, 2016 amounted to $32,847 (December 31, 2015: $17,791) and the Long-term payable to affiliatecompanies amounted to $6,399 (December 31, 2015: $0).The balances mainly consisted of management fees, administrative fees, drydocking and other expenses and amounts payable.Omnibus agreements: Navios Holdings has entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Partners (the “Partners Omnibus Agreement”) inconnection with the closing of Navios Partners’ IPO governing, among other things, when Navios Holdings and Navios Partners may compete against eachother as well as rights of first offer on certain dry bulk carriers. Pursuant to the Partners Omnibus Agreement, Navios Partners generally agreed not to acquireor own Panamax or Capesize dry bulk carriers under time charters of three or more years without the consent of an independent committee of Navios Partners.In addition, Navios Holdings has agreed to offer to Navios Partners the opportunity to purchase vessels from Navios Holdings when such vessels are fixedunder time charters of three or more years.Navios Holdings entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (the “Acquisition Omnibus Agreement”) inconnection with the closing of Navios Acquisition’s initial vessel acquisition, pursuant to which, among other things, Navios Holdings and Navios Partnersagreed not to acquire, charter-in or own liquid shipment vessels, except for container vessels and vessels that are primarily employed in operations in SouthAmerica, without the consent of an independent committee of Navios Acquisition. In addition, Navios Acquisition, under the Acquisition OmnibusAgreement, agreed to cause its subsidiaries not to acquire, own, operate or charter dry bulk carriers subject to specific exceptions. Under the AcquisitionOmnibus Agreement, Navios Acquisition and its subsidiaries granted to Navios Holdings and Navios Partners, a right of first offer on any proposed sale,transfer or other disposition of any of its dry bulk carriers and related charters owned or acquired by Navios Acquisition. Likewise, Navios Holdings andNavios Partners agreed to grant a similar right of first offer to Navios Acquisition for any liquid shipment vessels it might own. These rights of first offer willnot apply to a (i) sale, transfer or other disposition of vessels between any affiliated subsidiaries, or pursuant to the terms of any charter or other agreementwith a counterparty, or (ii) merger with or into, or sale of substantially all of the assets to, an unaffiliated third party. F-44 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Navios Holdings entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Midstream, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners in connection with theNavios Midstream IPO, pursuant to which Navios Acquisition, Navios Holdings, Navios Partners and their controlled affiliates generally have agreed not toacquire or own any VLCCs, crude oil tankers, refined petroleum product tankers, LPG tankers or chemical tankers under time charters of five or more yearswithout the consent of Navios Midstream. The omnibus agreement contains significant exceptions that will allow Navios Acquisition, Navios Holdings,Navios Partners or any of their controlled affiliates to compete with Navios Midstream under specified circumstances.Midstream General Partner Option Agreement: Navios Holdings entered into an option agreement, with Navios Acquisition under whichNavios Acquisition, which owns and controls Navios Maritime Midstream Partners GP LLC (“Midstream General Partner”), granted Navios Holdings theoption to acquire a minimum of 25% of the outstanding membership interests in Midstream General Partner and the incentive distribution rights in NaviosMidstream representing the right to receive an increasing percentage of the quarterly distributions when certain conditions are met. The option shall expireon November 18, 2024. The purchase price for the acquisition for all or part of the option interest shall be an amount equal to its fair market value. As ofDecember 31, 2016, Navios Holdings had not exercised any part of that option.Sale of Vessels and Sale of Rights to Navios Partners: Upon the sale of vessels to Navios Partners, Navios Holdings recognizes the gainimmediately in earnings only to the extent of the interest in Navios Partners owned by third parties and defers recognition of the gain to the extent of its ownownership interest in Navios Partners (the “deferred gain”). Subsequently, the deferred gain is amortized to income over the remaining useful life of thevessel. The recognition of the deferred gain is accelerated in the event that (i) the vessel is subsequently sold or otherwise disposed of by Navios Partners or(ii) the Company’s ownership interest in Navios Partners is reduced. In connection with the public offerings of common units by Navios Partners, a pro rataportion of the deferred gain is released to income upon dilution of the Company’s ownership interest in Navios Partners. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,the unamortized deferred gain for all vessels and rights sold totaled $11,846 and $13,680, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and2014, Navios Holdings recognized $1,833, $2,621 and $5,278 of the deferred gain, respectively, in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies”.Participation in offerings of affiliates: Refer to Note 8 for Navios Holdings’ participation in Navios Acquisition’s and Navios Partners’offerings. On February 4, 2015, Navios Holdings entered into a share purchase agreement with Navios Partners pursuant to which Navios Holdings made aninvestment in Navios Partners by purchasing common units, and general partnership interests, in order to maintain its 20.0% partnership interest in NaviosPartners following its equity offering in February 2015. In connection with this agreement, Navios Holdings entered into a registration rights agreement withNavios Partners pursuant to which Navios Partners provided Navios Holdings with certain rights relating to the registration of the common units. NaviosHoldings has entered into additional share purchase agreements on December 30, 2016, March 3, 2017, and March 23, 2017, for the purchase up to a total of1,271,766 general partnership interests. See also Note 25.The Navios Acquisition Credit Facilities: On September 19, 2016, Navios Holdings entered into a secured credit facility of up to $70,000 withNavios Acquisition. This credit facility is secured by all of the Company’s’ interest in Navios Acquisition and 78.5% of the Company’s interest in NaviosLogistics, representing a majority of the shares outstanding of Navios Logistics. This facility was provided for an arrangement fee of $700, is available for upto five drawings and has a fixed interest rate of 8.75%, compounded semi-annually to be paid upon maturity on November 15, 2018. As of December 31,2016, the outstanding balance was $49,876 which consists of $50,000 drawn amount plus the accrued interest of $1,240, net of unamortized balance ofdeferred fees of $1,364.On November 11, 2014, Navios Acquisition entered into a short-term credit facility with Navios Holdings pursuant to which Navios Acquisitioncould borrow up to $200,000 for general corporate purposes. The facility provided for an arrangement fee of $4,000, and bore fixed interest of 600 bps. Allamounts drawn under this facility were fully repaid by the maturity date of December 29, 2014.In 2010, Navios Acquisition entered into a $40,000 credit facility with Navios Holdings, which matured in December 2015. The facility wasavailable for multiple drawings up to a limit of $40,000 and had a margin of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. The final maturity date was January 2, 2017. As ofDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, there was no outstanding amount under this facility.The Navios Partners Credit Facility: In May 2015, Navios Partners entered into a credit facility with Navios Holdings of up to $60,000. TheNavios Partners Credit Facility bears an interest of LIBOR plus 300 bps. The final maturity date was January 2, 2017. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,there was no outstanding amount under this facility. In April 2016, Navios Partners has drawn $21,000 from the Navios Partners Credit Facility, which wasfully repaid during April 2016.Balance due from Navios Europe I: Balance due from Navios Europe I as of December 31, 2016 amounted to $2,376 (December 31, 2015:$1,609) which included the net current amount receivable of $145 (December 31, 2015: $211) mainly consisting of management fees, accrued interestincome earned under the Navios Revolving Loans I (as defined in Note 8) and other expenses and the non-current amount of $2,231 (December 31, 2015:$1,398) related to the accrued interest income earned under the Navios Term Loans I (as defined in Note 8). F-45 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) The Navios Revolving Loans I and the Navios Term Loans I earn interest and an annual preferred return, respectively, at 1,270 basis points perannum, on a quarterly compounding basis and are repaid from free cash flow (as defined in the loan agreement) to the fullest extent possible at the end ofeach quarter. There are no covenant requirements or stated maturity dates.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the outstanding amount relating to Navios Holdings’ portion under the Navios Revolving Loans I was$7,125, under the caption “Loan receivable from affiliate companies”. As of December 31, 2016, the amount undrawn under the Revolving Loans I was$9,100, of which Navios Holdings is committed to fund $4,323. See also Note 25 for the transfer of Navios Holdings’ participation in Navios RevolvingLoans I and Navios Term Loans I to Navios Partners.Balance due from Navios Europe II: Balance due from Navios Europe II as of December 31, 2016, amounted to $10,453 (December 31, 2015:$4,196), which included the current amount of $8,402 (December 31, 2015: $3,571), mainly consisting of management fees and accrued interest incomeearned under the Navios Revolving Loans II (as defined in Note 8) and other expenses and the non-current amount of $2,051 (December 31, 2015: $625)related to the accrued interest income earned under the Navios Term Loans II (as defined in Note 8).The Navios Revolving Loans II and the Navios Term Loans II earn interest and an annual preferred return, respectively, at 1,800 basis points perannum, on a quarterly compounding basis and are repaid from free cash flow (as defined in the loan agreement) to the fullest extent possible at the end ofeach quarter. There are no covenant requirements or stated maturity dates.As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount relating to Navios Holdings’ portion under the Navios Revolving Loans II was $11,602(December 31, 2015: $7,327), under the caption “Loan receivable from affiliate companies.” As of December 31, 2016, the amount undrawn from the NaviosRevolving Loans II was $19,075, of which Navios Holdings is committed to fund $9,061. In March 2017, the amount undrawn from the Navios RevolvingLoans II increased by $14,000.NOTE 16: PREFERRED AND COMMON STOCKIssuances to Employees and Exercise of OptionsDuring 2016 and 2015, pursuant to the stock plan approved by the Board of Directors, no options were exercised.On December 11, 2015, pursuant to the stock plan approved by the Board of Directors, Navios Holdings granted to its employees 2,540,000shares of restricted common stock and 1,000,000 stock options.During 2014, pursuant to the stock plan approved by the Board of Directors, 15,000, 30,303, 19,626, 55,860 and 22,400 shares were issuedfollowing the exercise of options for cash at an exercise price of $3.18, $3.81, $5.87, $5.15 and $3.44 per share, respectively, for a total of $643.On December 15, 2014, pursuant to the stock plan approved by the Board of Directors, Navios Holdings granted to its employees 1,151,052shares of restricted common stock, 24,301 restricted stock units and 1,123,003 stock options.Vested, Surrendered and ForfeitedDuring 2016, 24,970 restricted stock units, issued to the Company’s employees in 2014 and 2013, vested.During 2015, 16,960 restricted stock units, issued to the Company’s employees in 2013 and 2012, vested.During 2014, 41,748 restricted stock units, issued to the Company’s employees in 2013, 2012 and 2011, vested.During the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, 2,908 and 9,319 restricted shares of common stock, respectively, were forfeited upontermination of employment.Issuance of Cumulative Perpetual Preferred StockOn January 28, 2014, the Company completed the sale of the Series G raising net proceeds of $47,846 (after deducting underwriting discountsand offering expenses). See also Note 2(ac). F-46 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) On July 8, 2014, the Company completed the sale of the Series H raising net proceeds of $115,756 (after deducting underwriting discounts andoffering expenses). See also Note 2(ac).Series G and Series H ADS Exchange OfferOn November 8, 2016, the Company announced the completion of the offer to exchange cash and/or newly issued shares of common stock forany and all outstanding of its Series G and Series H. A total number of 5,449 Series G and 18,982 Series H were validly tendered in the exchange offer,representing an aggregate book value of $61,078. The Company paid an aggregate of $9,323 in cash, which includes tender offer expenses, and issued a totalof 7,589,176 shares of common stock, with a fair value of $7,893 at the date of the issuance.Conversion of Preferred StockDuring the year ended December 31, 2016, there were no conversions of preferred stock.In February 2016, Navios Holdings announced the suspension of payment of quarterly dividends on its preferred stock, including the Series Gand Series H. Total undeclared preferred dividends as of December 31, 2016 were $10,245 (net of cancelled dividends of $5,063, following the completion ofthe offer to exchange cash and/or newly issued shares of common stock for any and all outstanding of its Series G and Series H).During the year ended December 31, 2015, 1,134 shares of convertible preferred stock were automatically converted into 1,134,000 shares ofcommon stock. The shares of convertible preferred stock were converted pursuant to their original terms.Navios Holdings had outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, 117,131,407 and 110,468,753 shares of common stock, respectively, andpreferred stock 49,504 (14,551 Series G, 29,018 Series H and 5,935 shares of convertible preferred stock) and 73,935 (20,000 Series G, 48,000 Series H and5,935 shares of convertible preferred stock), respectively.Acquisition of Treasury StockIn November 2015, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for up to $25,000 of the Navios Holdings’ common stock. Sharerepurchases were made pursuant to a program adopted under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act. Repurchases were subject to restrictions underthe terms of the Company’s credit facilities and indenture. The program did not require any minimum purchase or any specific number or amount of sharesand may be suspended or reinstated at any time in the Company’s discretion and without notice. In particular, Navios Holdings, pursuant to the terms of itsSeries G and Series H, may not redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire its common stock or preferred shares, including the Series G and Series H (other thanthrough an offer made to all holders of Series G and Series H) unless full cumulative dividends on Series G and Series H, when payable, have been paid.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, 948,584 and 199,324 shares, respectively, were repurchased under this program, for a total consideration of$818 and $252, respectively. In total, up until February 2016, 1,147,908 common stock were repurchased under this program, for $1,070. Since that time, thisprogram has been suspended by the Company.NOTE 17: INTEREST EXPENSE AND FINANCE COSTInterest expense and finance cost consisted of the following: For the YearEndedDecember 31,2016 For the YearEndedDecember 31,2015 For the YearEndedDecember 31,2014 Interest expense $107,787 $108,488 $109,550 Amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs 5,653 4,524 4,061 Other 199 139 49 Interest expense and finance cost $113,639 $113,151 $113,660 NOTE 18: SEGMENT INFORMATIONThe Company currently has two reportable segments from which it derives its revenues: Dry bulk Vessel Operations and Logistics Business. Thereportable segments reflect the internal organization of the Company and are strategic businesses that offer different products and services. The Dry bulkVessel Operations consists of the transportation and handling of bulk cargoes through the ownership, operation, and trading of vessels, freight and FFAs. TheLogistics Business consists of operating ports and transfer station terminals, handling of vessels, barges and push boats as well as upriver transport facilitiesin the Hidrovia region. F-47 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) The Company measures segment performance based on net income/ (loss) attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders. Inter-segmentsales and transfers are not significant and have been eliminated and are not included in the following tables. Summarized financial information concerningeach of the Company’s reportable segments is as follows: Dry Bulk VesselOperationsfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2016 Logistics Businessfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2016 Totalfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2016 Revenue $199,446 $220,336 $419,782 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates 21,799 — 21,799 Interest income 4,132 815 4,947 Interest expense and finance cost (89,399) (24,240) (113,639) Depreciation and amortization (87,197) (26,628) (113,825) Equity/ (Loss) in net earnings of affiliated companies (202,779) — (202,779) Net (loss)/ income attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders (310,306) 6,483 (303,823) Total assets 2,083,526 669,369 2,752,895 Goodwill 56,240 104,096 160,336 Capital expenditures (60,420) (91,173) (151,593) Investment in affiliates 160,071 — 160,071 Cash and cash equivalents 70,810 65,182 135,992 Restricted cash 2,486 2,900 5,386 Long-term debt, net (including current and noncurrent portion) $1,223,146 $427,949 $1,651,095 Dry Bulk VesselOperationsfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2015 Logistics Businessfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2015 Totalfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2015 Revenue $229,772 $251,048 $480,820 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates 16,177 — 16,177 Interest income 1,801 569 2,370 Interest expense and finance cost (86,069) (27,082) (113,151) Depreciation and amortization (92,341) (27,969) (120,310) Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies 61,484 — 61,484 Net (loss)/ income attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders (148,306) 14,194 (134,112) Total assets 2,359,299 599,514 2,958,813 Goodwill 56,240 104,096 160,336 Capital expenditures (7,882) (27,039) (34,921) Investment in affiliates 381,746 — 381,746 Cash and cash equivalents 81,905 81,507 163,412 Restricted cash 13,480 — 13,480 Long-term debt, net (including current and noncurrent portion) $1,213,740 $367,568 $1,581,308 F-48 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Dry Bulk VesselOperationsfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2014 Logistics Businessfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2014 Totalfor theYear EndedDecember 31,2014 Revenue $300,242 $268,774 $569,016 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates 14,300 — 14,300 Interest income 5,224 291 5,515 Interest expense and finance cost (85,823) (27,837) (113,660) Depreciation and amortization (79,603) (25,087) (104,690) Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies 57,751 — 57,751 Net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders (45,541) (10,662) (56,203) Total assets 2,525,103 602,594 3,127,697 Goodwill 56,240 104,096 160,336 Capital expenditures (145,840) (91,658) (237,498) Investment in affiliates 344,453 — 344,453 Cash and cash equivalents 175,625 71,931 247,556 Restricted cash 2,564 — 2,564 Long-term debt, net (including current and noncurrent portion) $1,246,181 $366,709 $1,612,890 The following table sets out the Company’s revenue by geographic region. Dry bulk Vessel Operations (excluding administrative fee revenuefrom affiliates) and Logistics Business revenue are allocated on the basis of the geographic region in which the customer is located. Dry bulk vessels operateworldwide. Logistics business operates different types of tanker vessels, pushboats, and wet and dry barges for delivering a wide range of products betweenports in the Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay River systems in South America (commonly known as the “Hidrovia” or the “waterway”).Revenues from specific geographic regions which contribute over 10% of revenue are disclosed separately.Revenue by Geographic Region Year endedDecember 31,2016 Year endedDecember 31,2015 Year endedDecember 31,2014 North America $6,218 $22,317 $30,299 Europe 109,267 109,347 173,100 Asia 73,073 87,658 84,766 South America 220,336 253,746 275,327 Other 10,888 7,752 5,524 Total $419,782 $480,820 $569,016 Vessels operate on a worldwide basis and are not restricted to specific locations. Accordingly, it is not possible to allocate the assets of these operations tospecific countries. The total net book value of long-lived assets for dry bulk vessels amounted to $1,409,415 and $1,423,147 at December 31, 2016 and2015, respectively. For Logistics Business, all long-lived assets are located in South America. The total net book value of long-lived assets for the LogisticsBusiness amounted to $544,065 and $468,842 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.NOTE 19: LOSS PER COMMON SHARELoss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders by the weighted average number ofshares of Navios Holdings outstanding during the periods presented. Net (loss)/income attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders is calculatedby adding to (if a discount) or deducting from (if a premium) net (loss)/ income attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders the difference betweenthe fair value of the consideration paid upon redemption and the carrying value of the preferred stock, including the unamortized issuance costs of thepreferred stock, and the amount of any undeclared dividend cancelled. F-49 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) For the year ended December 31, 2016, 3,411,270 potential common shares and 5,935,000 potential shares of convertible preferred stock havean anti-dilutive effect (i.e. those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) and are therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted net lossper share.For the year ended December 31, 2015, 1,698,569 potential common shares and 6,522,556 potential shares of convertible preferred stock havean anti-dilutive effect (i.e. those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) and are therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted net lossper share.For the year ended December 31, 2014, 3,437,148 potential common shares and 7,950,425 potential shares of convertible preferred stock havean anti-dilutive effect (i.e. those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) and are therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted net lossper share. Year endedDecember 31,2016 Year endedDecember 31,2015 Year endedDecember 31,2014 Numerator: Net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(303,823) $(134,112) $(56,203) Declared and undeclared dividend on preferred stock and onunvested restricted shares (15,909) (16,202) (10,773) Tender Offer – Redemption of preferred stock Series G and Hincluding $5,063 of undeclared preferred dividend cancelled 46,627 — — Loss available to Navios Holdings common stockholders, basicand diluted $(273,105) $(150,314) $(66,976) Denominator: Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per shareattributable to Navios Holdings stockholders — adjustedweighted shares 107,366,783 105,896,235 103,476,614 Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to NaviosHoldings stockholders $(2.54) $(1.42) $(0.65) NOTE 20: INCOME TAXESMarshall Islands, Liberia, Panama and Malta do not impose a tax on international shipping income. Under the laws of Marshall Islands, Malta,Liberia and Panama, the countries of incorporation of the Company and its subsidiaries and the vessels’ registration, the companies are subject to registrationand tonnage taxes which have been included in direct vessel expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income.Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have registered branch offices in Greece under Greek Law 27/75 (former law 89/67). These companies areallowed to conduct the specific business activities provided in their license and the provisions of the above legislation. Same law (27/75) provides that thesecompanies are exempted in Greece from any tax, duty, levy, contribution or deduction in respect of income obtained from the operation of ships as long asduties are paid by the owner of the vessel.The same exemption from any tax, duty, levy, contribution or deduction applies to shareholders or other type of owners in ship-owningcompanies for income they receive from distribution of net profits or dividends, whether received directly or from holding companies, regardless of thenumber of holding companies between ship-owning company and the final shareholder.In accordance with the currently applicable Greek law, foreign flagged vessels that are managed by Greek or foreign ship managementcompanies having established an office in Greece under law 27/75 are subject to duties towards the Greek state which are calculated on the basis of therelevant vessel’s tonnage. The payment of said duties exhausts the tax liability of the foreign ship owning company against any tax, duty, charge orcontribution payable on income from the exploitation of the foreign flagged vessel. In case that tonnage tax and/or similar taxes/duties are paid to thevessel’s flag state, these are deducted from the amount of the duty to be paid in Greece. F-50 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) In Belgium, profit from ocean shipping is taxable based on the tonnage of the sea-going vessels from which the profit is obtained (“tonnagetax”).Pursuant to Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code of the United States (the “Code”), U.S. source income from the international operation ofships is generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax if the company that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as earning such income meetscertain requirements set forth in Section 883 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury regulations thereunder. Among other things, in order to qualify for thisexemption, each relevant company must be incorporated in a country outside the United States which grants an “equivalent exemption” from income taxes toU.S. corporations. In addition, either (i) the stock of each relevant company must be treated under Section 883 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury regulationsthereunder as “primarily traded” and “regularly traded” on an “established securities market” in the United States or in another country that grants an“equivalent exemption” or (ii) more than 50% of the value of the stock of each relevant company must be owned, directly or indirectly, by (a) individualswho are residents in countries that grant an “equivalent exemption,” (b) foreign corporations organized in countries that grant an “equivalent exemption”and that meet the test described in (i) and/or (c) certain other shareholders described in Section 883 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury regulations thereunder.The management of the Company believes that the Company and each of its relevant subsidiaries qualifies for the tax exemption under Section 883 of theCode, provided that the Company’s common stock continues to be listed on the NYSE and represents more than 50% of the total combined voting power ofall classes of the Company’s stock entitled to vote and of the total value of the Company’s stock, and less than 50% of the Company’s common stock isowned, actually or constructively under specified stock attribution rules, on more than half the number of days in the relevant year by persons who each own5% or more of the vote and value of the Company’s common stock, but no assurance can be given that the Company will satisfy these requirements or qualifyfor this exemption.The tax (expense)/ benefit reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014is mainly attributable to Navios Holdings’ subsidiaries in South America, which are subject to the Argentinean, Brazilian and Paraguayan income tax regime.CNSA is located in a tax free zone and is not liable to income tax. Navios Logistics’ operations in Uruguay are exempted from income taxes.Income tax liabilities of the Argentinean companies for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be paid to thetaxation authorities, using a tax rate of 35% on the taxable net income. Tax rates and tax laws used to assess the income tax liability are those that areeffective on the close of the fiscal period. Additionally, at the end of the fiscal year, local companies in Argentina have to calculate an assets tax, theMinimum Presumed Income Tax). This tax is supplementary to income tax and is calculated by applying the effective tax rate of 1% over the gross value ofthe corporate assets (based on tax law criteria). The subsidiaries’ tax liabilities will be the higher of income tax or Minimum Presumed Income Tax. However,if the Minimum Presumed Income Tax exceeds income tax during any fiscal year, such excess may be computed as a prepayment of any income tax excessover the Minimum Presumed Income Tax that may arise in the next ten fiscal years.Under the tax laws of Argentina, the subsidiaries of the Company in that country are subject to taxes levied on gross revenues. Rates differdepending on the jurisdiction where revenues are earned for tax purposes. Average rates were approximately 5.0% for the year ended December 31, 2016(5.0% for both 2015 and 2014).There are two possible options to determine the income tax liability of Paraguayan companies. Under the first option income tax liabilities forthe current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities, by applying the tax rate of 10% on the fiscal profitand loss. 50% of revenues derived from international freights are considered Paraguayan sourced (and therefore taxed) if carried between Paraguay andArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil or Uruguay. Alternatively, only 30% of revenues derived from international freights are considered Paraguayan sourced.Companies whose operations are considered international freights can choose to pay income taxes on their revenues at an effective tax rate of 1% on suchrevenues, without considering any other kind of adjustments. Fiscal losses, if any, are neither deducted nor carried forward.The corporate income tax rate in Brazil and Paraguay is 34% and 10%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016.The Company’s deferred taxes as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, relate primarily to deferred tax liabilities on acquired intangible assetsrecognized in connection with Navios Logistics.As of January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB for Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. This guidance requiresapplication of a more likely than not threshold to the recognition and derecognition of uncertain tax positions. This guidance permits the Company torecognize the amount of tax benefit that has a greater that 50% likelihood of being ultimately realized upon settlement. It further requires that a change injudgment related to the expected ultimate resolution of uncertain tax positions be recognized in earnings in the quarter of such change. Kleimar’s open taxyears are 2013 and onwards. Argentinean companies have open tax years ranging from 2009 and onwards and Paraguayan and Brazilian companies haveopen tax years ranging from 2010 and onwards. In relation to these open tax years, the Company believes that there are no material uncertain tax positions. F-51 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) NOTE 21: NONCONTROLLING INTERESTNavios AsiaOn May 14, 2013, Navios Holdings formed Navios Asia. As of December 31, 2013, Navios Asia was owned 51.0% by DiesisShipmanagement Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Navios Holdings. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded income of $182 inthe statement of comprehensive (loss)/income within the caption “Net loss/(income) attributable to the noncontrolling interest”. The noncontrollingshareholders’ contribution for the acquisition of the N Bonanza in January 2014 was $3,484. In May 2014, Navios Holdings became the sole shareholder ofNavios Asia by acquiring the remaining 49.0% for a total cash consideration of $10,889.NOTE 22: INVESTMENTS IN AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIESDuring the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company received shares of Korea Line Corporation (“KLC”), and during the year endedDecember 31, 2015, the Company received shares of Pan Ocean Co.Ltd (“STX”) as partial compensation for the claims filed under the Korean court for allunpaid amounts in respect of the employment of the Company’s vessels. The shares were valued at fair value upon the day of issuance. During the thirdquarter of 2016, the Company sold all its 354,093 KLC and STX securities it held for a total consideration of $5,303. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, theCompany retained a total of 0, and 344,649 KLC and STX shares, respectively.The shares received from KLC and STX were accounted for under the guidance for available-for-sale securities (the “AFS Securities”). TheCompany has no other types of available-for-sale securities.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying amount of the available-for-sale securities related to KLC and STX was $0 and $5,173,respectively. The unrealized holding losses related to these AFS Securities included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” were $0 and $445 as ofDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. During each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company considered the decline in fairvalue of the KLC shares as “other-than-temporary” and therefore, recognized a loss out of accumulated other comprehensive income /(loss) of $345, $1,783and $11,553, respectively. The respective losses were included within the caption “Other expense” in the accompanying consolidated statement ofcomprehensive (loss)/ income.NOTE 23: OTHER INCOME – OTHER EXPENSEAs of March 25, 2014, the Company terminated the amended credit default insurance policy, it had in place with a credit default insurer. Inconnection with the termination, Navios Holdings received compensation of $4,044. From the total compensation, $3,551 was recorded immediately in thestatement of other comprehensive (loss)/income within the caption “Other income” and the remaining amount within the caption “Revenue”, representingreimbursements for insurance claims submitted for the period prior to the date of the termination of the credit default insurance policy. The Company has nofuture requirement to repay any of the lump sum cash payment back to the insurance company or provide any further services.In May 2014, Navios Holdings received cash compensation of $7,203 from the sale of a defaulted counterparty claim to an unrelated third party.Navios Holdings has no continuing obligation to provide any further services to the counterparty and has therefore recognized the entire compensationreceived immediately in the statement of comprehensive (loss)/income within the caption of “Other income”.See also Note 15, for details on the claim submitted under Navios Partners Guarantee.During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, taxes other-than-income taxes of Navios Logistics amounted to $9,740, $11,976,and $9,275, respectively, and were included in the statements of comprehensive (loss)/income within the caption “Other expense”.In March 2016, the Company agreed with a charterer for the early redelivery of one of its vessels in exchange for $13,000 in cash and settlementof outstanding claims payable to the charterer amounting to $1,871. The total amount of $14,871 was included in the statement of comprehensive loss withinthe caption “Other income”. F-52 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) NOTE 24: OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATIONThe Company’s 2019 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by all of the Company’s subsidiaries with theexception of Navios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc., Navios Maritime Finance (US) Inc., Navios Logistics and its subsidiaries and Navios GP L.L.C. Thesubsidiary guarantees are “full and unconditional”, except that the indenture provides for an individual subsidiary’s guarantee to be automatically releasedin certain customary circumstances, such as when a subsidiary is sold or all of the assets of the subsidiary are sold, the capital stock is sold, when thesubsidiary is designated as an “unrestricted subsidiary” for purposes of the indenture, upon liquidation or dissolution of the subsidiary or upon legal orcovenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the 2019 Notes. All subsidiaries, except for the non-guarantor Navios Logistics and its subsidiaries, are100% owned.These condensed consolidated statements of Navios Holdings, the guarantor subsidiaries and the non-guarantor subsidiaries have been preparedin accordance on an equity basis as permitted by U.S. GAAP. NaviosMaritimeHoldings Inc.Issuer GuarantorSubsidiaries NonGuarantorSubsidiaries Eliminations Total Statement of comprehensive (loss)/income for the year ended December 31,2016 Revenue $— $199,446 $220,336 $— $419,782 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates — 21,799 — — 21,799 Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses — (115,483) (59,589) — (175,072) Direct vessel expenses — (51,396) (76,000) — (127,396) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates — (21,799) — — (21,799) General and administrative expenses (5,715) (5,286) (14,294) — (25,295) Depreciation and amortization (2,860) (84,337) (26,628) — (113,825) Interest expense and finance cost, net (71,262) (14,005) (23,425) — (108,692) Gain on bond and debt extinguishment 27,670 1,517 — — 29,187 Other income/(expense), net 75 14,392 (9,261) — 5,206 Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliated companies (52,092) (55,152) 11,139 — (96,105) Loss from subsidiaries (46,867) 6,483 — 40,384 — Equity/(loss) in net earnings of affiliated companies (204,864) 3,138 (1,053) — (202,779) Loss before taxes (303,823) (45,531) 10,086 40,384 (298,884) Income tax benefit/ (expense) — (283) (982) — (1,265) Net loss (303,823) (45,814) 9,104 40,384 (300,149) Less: Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest — — (3,674) — (3,674) Net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(303,823) $(45,814) $5,430 $40,384 $(303,823) Other Comprehensive income Unrealized holding loss on investments in available-for-sale securities $100 $100 $— $(100) $100 Reclassification to earnings 345 345 — (345) 345 Total other comprehensive income $445 $445 $— $(445) $445 Total comprehensive loss $(303,378) $(45,369) $9,104 $39,939 $(299,704) Comprehensive (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interest — — (3,674) — (3,674) Total comprehensive loss attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders $(303,378) $(45,369) $5,430 $39,939 $(303,378) F-53 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) NaviosMaritimeHoldings Inc.Issuer GuarantorSubsidiaries NonGuarantorSubsidiaries Eliminations Total Statement of comprehensive (loss)/income for the year ended December 31,2015 Revenue $— $229,772 $251,048 $— $480,820 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates — 16,177 — — 16,177 Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses — (177,507) (70,375) — (247,882) Direct vessel expenses — (46,142) (82,026) — (128,168) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates — (16,177) — — (16,177) General and administrative expenses (7,435) (12,740) (14,008) — (34,183) Depreciation and amortization (2,769) (89,572) (27,969) — (120,310) Interest expense and finance cost, net (72,924) (11,344) (26,513) — (110,781) Other expense, net (60) (18,671) (11,470) — (30,201) Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliated companies (83,188) (126,204) 18,687 — (190,705) Loss from subsidiaries (105,102) 14,194 — 90,908 — Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies 54,178 5,326 1,980 — 61,484 Loss before taxes (134,112) (106,684) 20,667 90,908 (129,221) Income tax benefit/ (expense) — (397) 3,551 — 3,154 Net loss (134,112) (107,081) 24,218 90,908 (126,067) Less: Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest — — (8,045) — (8,045) Net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(134,112) $(107,081) $16,173 $90,908 $(134,112) Other Comprehensive income Unrealized holding loss on investments in available-for-sale securities $(1,649) $(1,649) $— $1,649 $(1,649) Reclassification to earnings 1,782 1,782 — (1,782) 1,782 Total other comprehensive income $133 $133 $— $(133) $133 Total comprehensive loss $(133,979) $(106,948) $24,218 $90,775 $(125,934) Comprehensive (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interest — — (8,045) — (8,045) Total comprehensive loss attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders $(133,979) $(106,948) $16,173 $90,775 $(133,979) F-54 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) NaviosMaritimeHoldings Inc.Issuer GuarantorSubsidiaries NonGuarantorSubsidiaries Eliminations Total Statement of comprehensive (loss)/income for the year ended December 31,2014 Revenue $— $300,242 $268,774 $— $569,016 Administrative fee revenue from affiliates — 14,300 — — 14,300 Time charter, voyage and logistics business expenses — (157,640) (105,664) — (263,304) Direct vessel expenses — (52,039) (78,025) — (130,064) General and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of affiliates — (14,300) — — (14,300) General and administrative expenses (10,343) (20,483) (14,764) — (45,590) Depreciation and amortization (2,811) (76,792) (25,087) — (104,690) Interest expense and finance cost, net (73,272) (7,327) (27,546) — (108,145) Loss on bond extinguishment — — (27,281) — (27,281) Other income/(expense), net 72 (2,357) (7,388) — (9,673) Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliated companies (86,354) (16,396) (16,981) — (119,731) Loss from subsidiaries (17,418) (10,662) — 28,080 — Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies 47,569 6,555 3,627 — 57,751 Loss before taxes (56,203) (20,503) (13,354) 28,080 (61,980) Income tax (expense)/benefit — (360) 276 — (84) Net loss (56,203) (20,863) (13,078) 28,080 (62,064) Less: Net (income)/loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest — (182) 6,043 — 5,861 Net loss attributable to Navios Holdings common stockholders $(56,203) $(21,045) $(7,035) $28,080 $(56,203) Other Comprehensive loss Unrealized holding loss on investments in available-for-sale securities $(959) $(959) $— $959 $(959) Reclassification to earnings 11,553 11,553 — (11,553) 11,553 Total other comprehensive income $10,594 $10,594 $— $(10,594) $10,594 Total comprehensive loss $(45,609) $(10,269) $(13,078) $17,486 $(51,470) Comprehensive (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interest — (182) 6,043 — 5,861 Total comprehensive loss attributable to Navios Holdings commonstockholders $(45,609) $(10,451) $(7,035) $17,486 $(45,609) F-55 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 NaviosMaritimeHoldings Inc.Issuer GuarantorSubsidiaries Non GuarantorSubsidiaries Eliminations Total Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $15,875 $54,935 $65,182 $— $135,992 Restricted cash — 2,486 2,900 — 5,386 Accounts receivable, net — 32,916 32,913 — 65,829 Intercompany receivables — — 74,218 (74,218) — Due from affiliate companies 2,362 6,186 — — 8,548 Prepaid expenses and other current assets — 39,778 17,607 — 57,385 Total current assets 18,237 136,301 192,820 (74,218) 273,140 Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets — — 136,891 — 136,891 Vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets, net — 1,411,612 409,489 — 1,821,101 Investments in subsidiaries 1,641,863 292,209 — (1,934,072) — Investments in affiliates 137,218 11,978 10,875 — 160,071 Loan receivable from affiliate companies — 23,008 — — 23,008 Other long-term receivable from affiliate companies — 11,105 — — 11,105 Other long-term assets — 17,877 22,551 — 40,428 Goodwill and other intangibles 83,933 35,571 167,647 — 287,151 Total non-current assets 1,863,014 1,803,360 747,453 (1,934,072) 2,479,755 Total assets $1,881,251 $1,939,661 $940,273 $(2,008,290) $2,752,895 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable $892 $54,731 $29,915 $— $85,538 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 32,025 43,823 15,901 — 91,749 Deferred income and cash received in advance — 4,666 4,517 — 9,183 Intercompany payables 191,814 (117,596) — (74,218) — Due to affiliate companies — 32,847 — — 32,847 Current portion of capital lease obligations — — 2,639 — 2,639 Current portion of long-term debt — 23,476 6,351 — 29,827 Total current liabilities 224,731 41,947 59,323 (74,218) 251,783 Long-term debt, net of current portion 928,357 221,437 421,598 — 1,571,392 Capital lease obligations, net of current portion — — 14,978 — 14,978 Long-term payable to affiliate company — 6,399 — — 6,399 Loan payable to affiliate company 49,876 — — 49,876 Other long-term liabilities and deferred income — 41,857 1,531 — 43,388 Deferred tax liability — — 11,526 — 11,526 Total non-current liabilities 978,233 269,693 449,633 — 1,697,559 Total liabilities 1,202,964 311,640 508,956 (74,218) 1,949,342 Noncontrolling interest — — 125,266 125,266 Total Navios Holdings stockholders’ equity 678,287 1,628,021 306,051 (1,934,072) 678,287 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $1,881,251 $1,939,661 $940,273 $(2,008,290) $2,752,895 F-56 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015 NaviosMaritimeHoldings Inc.Issuer GuarantorSubsidiaries Non GuarantorSubsidiaries Eliminations Total Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $34,152 $47,753 $81,507 $— $163,412 Restricted cash — 13,480 — — 13,480 Accounts receivable, net — 38,716 26,097 — 64,813 Intercompany receivables 10,360 38,108 74,573 (123,041) — Due from affiliate companies 4,833 7,836 — — 12,669 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3 36,580 12,002 — 48,585 Total current assets 49,348 182,473 194,179 (123,041) 302,959 Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets — 29,695 44,254 — 73,949 Vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets, net — 1,396,101 427,860 — 1,823,961 Investments in subsidiaries 1,636,433 285,726 — (1,922,159) — Investments in available-for-sale securities — 5,173 — — 5,173 Investments in affiliates 356,797 13,028 11,921 — 381,746 Loan receivable from affiliate companies — 16,474 — — 16,474 Other long-term assets — 21,325 22,433 — 43,758 Goodwill and other intangibles 86,793 52,829 171,171 — 310,793 Total non-current assets 2,080,023 1,820,351 677,639 (1,922,159) 2,655,854 Total assets $2,129,371 $2,002,824 $871,818 $(2,045,200) $2,958,813 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable $363 $45,913 $26,329 $— $72,605 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 33,244 54,451 15,400 — 103,095 Deferred income and cash received in advance — 6,267 7,225 — 13,492 Intercompany payables 123,041 — — (123,041) — Due to affiliate companies — 17,791 — — 17,791 Current portion of capital lease obligations — — 2,929 — 2,929 Current portion of long-term debt — 16,875 69 — 16,944 Total current liabilities 156,648 141,297 51,952 (123,041) 226,856 Long-term debt, net of current portion 983,763 213,102 367,499 — 1,564,364 Capital lease obligations, net of current portion — — 17,720 — 17,720 Unfavorable lease terms — 7,526 — — 7,526 Other long-term liabilities and deferred income — 19,360 1,518 — 20,878 Deferred tax liability — — 10,917 — 10,917 Total non-current liabilities 983,763 239,988 397,654 — 1,621,405 Total liabilities 1,140,411 381,285 449,606 (123,041) 1,848,261 Noncontrolling interest — — 121,592 — 121,592 Total Navios Holdings stockholders’ equity 988,960 1,621,539 300,620 (1,922,159) 988,960 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $2,129,371 $2,002,824 $871,818 $(2,045,200) $2,958,813 F-57 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Cash flow statement for the year ended December 31, 2016 NaviosMaritimeHoldings Inc.Issuer GuarantorSubsidiaries NonGuarantorSubsidiaries Eliminations Total Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities $(60,889) $78,830 $18,979 $— $36,920 Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of investments in affiliates — (4,275) — — (4,275) Loan to affiliate company — — — — — Decrease in long-term receivable from affiliate companies — — — — — Dividends from affiliate companies — — — — — Acquisition of vessels — (60,115) — — (60,115) Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets — — (86,911) — (86,911) Purchase of property, equipment and other fixed assets — (305) (4,262) — (4,567) Disposal of available-for-sale securities — 5,303 — — 5,303 Net cash provided by/(used in) in investing activities — (59,392) (91,173) — (150,565) Cash flows from financing activities Transfer (to)/from other group subsidiaries 38,667 (38,667) — — — Repurchase of preferred stock (9,323) — — — (9,323) Repurchase of senior notes (30,671) — — — (30,671) Repayment of long-term debt and payment of principal — (39,332) (1,405) — (40,737) Proceeds from long-term loans, net of deferred finance fees — 54,743 60,306 — 115,049 Proceeds from loan payable to affiliate company, net of deferred financefees 48,438 — — — 48,438 Acquisition of treasury stock (818) — — — (818) Dividends paid (3,681) — — — (3,681) Decrease in restricted cash — 11,000 — — 11,000 Payments of obligations under capital leases — — (3,032) — (3,032) Net cash used in financing activities 42,612 (12,256) 55,869 — 86,225 Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (18,277) 7,182 (16,325) — (27,420) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 34,152 47,753 81,507 — 163,412 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $15,875 $54,935 $65,182 $— $135,992 F-58 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Cash flow statement for the year ended December 31, 2015 NaviosMaritimeHoldings Inc.Issuer GuarantorSubsidiaries NonGuarantorSubsidiaries Eliminations Total Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities $(49,544) $48,038 $44,984 $— $43,478 Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of investments in affiliates (14,668) (6,650) (1,528) — (22,846) Loan to affiliate company — (7,327) — — (7,327) Decrease in long-term receivable from affiliate companies — 10,351 — — 10,351 Dividends from affiliate companies 18,244 — — — 18,244 Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets — (7,555) (19,158) — (26,713) Purchase of property, equipment and other fixed assets — (327) (7,881) — (8,208) Net cash provided by/(used in) in investing activities 3,576 (11,508) (28,567) — (36,499) Cash flows from financing activities Transfer (to)/from other group subsidiaries 17,183 (18,711) 1,528 — — Debt issuance costs — (50) — — (50) Repayment of long-term debt and payment of principal — (35,987) (69) — (36,056) Acquisition of treasury stock (252) — — — (252) Dividends paid (35,350) — — — (35,350) Increase in restricted cash — (11,114) — — (11,114) Payment for acquisition of intangible asset — — (6,800) — (6,800) Payments of obligations under capital leases — — (1,501) — (1,501) Net cash used in financing activities (18,419) (65,862) (6,842) — (91,123) Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (64,387) (29,332) 9,575 — (84,144) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 98,539 77,085 71,932 — 247,556 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $34,152 $47,753 $81,507 $— $163,412 F-59 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) Cash flow statement for the year ended December 31, 2014 NaviosMaritimeHoldings Inc.Issuer GuarantorSubsidiaries NonGuarantorSubsidiaries Eliminations Total Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities $(9,357) $52,664 $13,016 $— $56,323 Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of investments in affiliates — — (2,233) — (2,233) Loan to affiliate company — (4,465) — — (4,465) Increase in long-term receivable from affiliate companies — (5,087) — — (5,087) Dividends from affiliate companies 14,595 — — — 14,595 Deposits for vessels, port terminals and other fixed assets — (22,112) (23,225) — (45,337) Acquisition of intangible assets — — (10,200) — (10,200) Acquisition of vessels — (123,541) — — (123,541) Purchase of property, equipment and other fixed assets (15) (172) (68,433) — (68,620) Net cash provided by/(used in) in investing activities 14,580 (155,377) (104,091) — (244,888) Cash flows from financing activities Transfer (to)/from other group subsidiaries (71,968) 69,731 2,237 — — Issuance of common stock 643 — — — 643 Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 163,602 — — — 163,602 Proceeds from long-term loans, net of debt issuance costs — 71,027 — — 71,027 Proceeds from issuance of senior notes, net of debt issuance costs — — 365,668 — 365,668 Repayment of long-term debt and payment of principal — (20,692) (69) — (20,761) Repayment of senior notes — — (290,000) — (290,000) Contribution from noncontrolling shareholders — 3,484 — — 3,484 Dividends paid (32,730) — — — (32,730) Increase in restricted cash — (355) — — (355) Acquisition of noncontrolling interest — (10,889) — — (10,889) Payments of obligations under capital leases — — (1,399) — (1,399) Net cash provided by financing activities 59,547 112,306 76,437 — 248,290 Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 64,770 9,593 (14,638) — 59,725 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 33,769 67,492 86,570 — 187,831 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $98,539 $77,085 $71,932 $— $247,556 F-60 Table of ContentsNAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars — except share data) NOTE 25: SUBSEQUENT EVENTS a)On February 10, 2017, a New York arbitration tribunal ruled in favor of Navios Logistics on a dispute with Vale. Vale has been ordered to payNavios Logistics $21,500, compensating for all unpaid invoices, late payment of invoices, and legal fees incurred. The full amount had beenreceived in March 2017. b)On February 21, 2017, Navios Holdings agreed to transfer to Navios Partners its participation in Navios Revolving Loans I and Navios TermLoans I, both relating to Navios Europe I, for a consideration of $4,050 in cash and 13,076,923 newly issued common units of Navios Partners.Concurrently, Navios Holdings acquired 266,876 common units in Navios Partners in order to maintain its 2% general partner interest for a cashconsideration of $468. The transaction closed on March 17, 2017. c)In February 2017, two self-propelled barges of Navios Logistics’ fleet, Formosa and San Lorenzo, were sold for a total of $1,109 to be paid incash. Sale price will be received in installments through 2023. d)On March 16, 2017, Navios Holdings agreed to sell to an unrelated third party the Navios Ionian, a 2000 built Japanese dry bulk vessel of52,067 dwt, for a total net sale price of $5,280 to be paid in cash, with delivery expected in August 2017. As of March 31, 2017, the impairmentloss due to the sale is expected to be approximately $9,098. e)On March 20, 2017, Navios Partners announced that it has closed an offering of 47,795,000 common units at $2.10 per common unit, raisingapproximately $100,000 of gross proceeds. Navios Holdings acquired 975,408 common units in Navios Partners in order to maintain its 2%general partner interest for a cash consideration of $2,048. f)On March 21, 2017, Navios Holdings announced that it commenced an offer to exchange newly issued shares of the Company’s common stockfor any and all outstanding American Depositary Shares, each representing 1/100th of a share of either Series G or Series H. For every Series Gsurrendered, the Company offered 8.25 shares of common stock, with a value of $14.61 (as of March 20, 2017) and for Series H surrendered, theCompany offered 8.11 shares of common stock, with a value of $14.36 (as of March 20, 2017). On April 19, 2017, Navios Holdings announcedthe completion of the exchange offer. A total of 766 Series G and Series H were validly tendered, representing an aggregate nominal value ofapproximately $1,914. Navios Holdings issued a total of 625,815 shares of common stock. g)Navios Logistics has signed a shipbuilding contract for the construction of a river and estuary tanker for a total consideration of €12,400($13,061). Pursuant to this acquisition, Navios Logistics has secured a credit from the shipbuilder to finance of up to 50% of the purchase price,with a maximum of €6,200 ($6,532), to be repaid in 24 equal installments after delivery of the vessel, plus 6.75% interest per annum. The vesselis expected to be delivered in the first quarter of 2018. F-61 Exhibit 8.1List of Subsidiaries Navios Maritime Holdings Inc.Subsidiaries included in the consolidation: Company Name Nature OwnershipInterest Country ofIncorporationNavios Maritime Holdings Inc. Holding Company Marshall Is.Navios Corporation Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is.Navios International Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Navimax Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Navios Handybulk Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Hestia Shipping Ltd. Operating Company 100% MaltaAnemos Maritime Holdings Inc. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is.Navios ShipManagement Inc. Management Company 100% Marshall Is.NAV Holdings Limited Sub-Holding Company 100% MaltaKleimar N.V. Operating Company/Vessel Owning Company/Management Company 100% BelgiumKleimar Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Bulkinvest S.A. Operating Company 100% LuxembourgPrimavera Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Ginger Services Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Aquis Marine Corp. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is.Navios Tankers Management Inc. Management Company 100% Marshall Is.Astra Maritime Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Achilles Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Apollon Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Herakles Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Hios Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Ionian Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Kypros Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Meridian Shipping Enterprises Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Mercator Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Arc Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Horizon Shipping Enterprises Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Magellan Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Aegean Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Star Maritime Enterprises Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Corsair Shipping Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall IsRowboat Marine Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall IsBeaufiks Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall IsNostos Shipmanagement Corp. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Portorosa Marine Corp. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Shikhar Ventures S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% LiberiaSizzling Ventures Inc. Operating Company 100% LiberiaRheia Associates Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Taharqa Spirit Corp. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Rumer Holding Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Pharos Navigation S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Pueblo Holdings Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Quena Shipmanagement Inc. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Aramis Navigation Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.White Narcissus Marine S.A. Vessel Owning Company 100% PanamaNavios GP L.L.C. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is. Red Rose Shipping Corp. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Highbird Management Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Ducale Marine Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Vector Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Faith Marine Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% LiberiaNavios Maritime Finance (US) Inc. Operating Company 100% DelawareNavios Maritime Finance II (US) Inc. Operating Company 100% DelawareTulsi Shipmanagement Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Cinthara Shipping Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Rawlin Services Co. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Mauve International S.A. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Serenity Shipping Enterprises Inc. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Mandora Shipping Ltd Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Solange Shipping Ltd. Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Diesis Ship Management Ltd. Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Navios Holdings Europe Finance Inc. Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is.Navios Asia LLC Sub-Holding Company 100% Marshall Is.Iris Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Jasmine Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Emery Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Lavender Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Esmeralda Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Triangle Shipping Corporation Vessel Owning Company 100% Marshall Is.Roselite Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Smaltite Shipping Corporation Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.Motiva Trading Ltd Operating Company 100% Marshall Is.All subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements are 100% owned, except for Navios Logistics and its subsidiaries, which is 63.8% owned.Affiliates included in the financial statements accounted for under the equity methodIn the consolidated financial statements of Navios Holdings, the following entities are included as affiliates and are accounted for under the equity methodfor such periods: (i) Navios Partners and its subsidiaries (ownership interest as of December 31, 2016 was 20.0%, which includes a 2.0% general partnerinterest); (ii) Navios Acquisition and its subsidiaries (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 46.1%); (iii) Acropolis Chartering and Shipping Inc.(“Acropolis”) (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 35.0%); (iv) Navios Europe I and its subsidiaries (economic interest as of December 31, 2016was 47.5%); and (v) Navios Europe II and its subsidiaries (economic interest as of December 31, 2016 was 47.5%). Exhibit 12.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Angeliki Frangou, certify that:1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc.;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have:a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularlyduring the period in which this report is being prepared;b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposesin accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report on such evaluation; andd) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annualreport that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonablylikely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; andb) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting.Date: April 27, 2017 /s/ Angeliki FrangouAngeliki FrangouChief Executive Officer(Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 12.2CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, George Achniotis, certify that:1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc.;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have:a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularlyduring the period in which this report is being prepared;b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposesin accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report on such evaluation; andd) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annualreport that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonablylikely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; andb) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting.Date: April 27, 2017 /s/ George AchniotisGeorge AchniotisChief Financial Officer(Principal Financial Officer) Exhibit 13.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), each ofthe undersigned officers of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (the “Company”) does hereby certify, to such officers’ knowledge, that:(i) the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “Report”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements ofSection 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: April 27, 2017 /s/ Angeliki Frangou Angeliki Frangou Chief Executive OfficerDate: April 27, 2017 /s/ George Achniotis George Achniotis Chief Financial Officer Exhibit 15.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-147186 and 333-202141) of NaviosMaritime Holdings Inc. of our report dated April 27, 2017 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financialreporting, which appears in this Form 20-F./s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A.Athens, GreeceApril 27, 2017 Exhibit 15.2CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-147186 and 333-202141) of NaviosMaritime Holdings Inc. of our report dated April 5, 2017 related to the financial statements of Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation, which appears inthis Form 20-F./s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A.Athens, GreeceApril 27, 2017 Exhibit 15.3CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-147186 and 333-202141) of NaviosMaritime Holdings Inc. of our report dated March 13, 2017 related to the financial statements of Navios Maritime Partners L.P., which appears in this Form20-F./s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A.Athens, GreeceApril 27, 2017 Exhibit 15.4INDEX Page NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P. REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM F-2 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AT DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND DECEMBER 31, 2015 F-3 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 F-4 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 F-5 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PARTNERS’ CAPITAL FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015AND 2014 F-6 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-7 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Board of Directors and Partners of Navios Maritime Partners L.P.:In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in partners’ capital, and cashflows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Navios Maritime Partners L.P. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) at December 31,2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance withthe standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtainreasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidencesupporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management,and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A.Athens, GreeceMarch 13, 2017 F-2 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit data) Notes December 31,2016 December 31,2015 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 3 $17,360 $26,750 Restricted cash 3 7,728 7,789 Accounts receivable, net 4 10,022 3,999 Amounts due from related parties 18 19,639 — Prepaid expenses and other current assets 5 1,600 1,297 Total current assets 56,349 39,835 Vessels, net 6 1,037,206 1,230,049 Vessel held for sale 7 125,000 — Deferred drydock and special survey costs, net and other long-term assets 21,282 22,232 Investment in affiliates 20 1,257 1,315 Loans receivable from affiliates 18 2,422 1,521 Intangible assets 8 18,952 55,339 Notes receivable 19 6,112 — Total non-current assets 1,212,231 1,310,456 Total assets $1,268,580 $1,350,291 LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL Current liabilities Accounts payable 9 $3,276 $2,706 Accrued expenses 10 4,445 2,516 Deferred revenue 17,198 4,290 Current portion of long-term debt, net 11 74,031 23,336 Amounts due to related parties 18 — 8,680 Total current liabilities 98,950 41,528 Long-term debt, net 11 449,745 574,742 Amounts due to related parties 18 11,105 — Deferred revenue 19 28,571 1,806 Total non-current liabilities 489,421 576,548 Total liabilities 588,371 618,076 Commitments and contingencies 16 — — Partners’ capital: Common Unitholders (83,323,911 and 83,079,710 units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 andDecember 31, 2015, respectively) 13 677,081 728,046 General Partner (1,700,493 and 1,695,509 units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and December 31,2015, respectively) 13 3,128 4,169 Total partners’ capital 680,209 732,215 Total liabilities and partners’ capital $1,268,580 $1,350,291 See notes to consolidated financial statements F-3 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Notes Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Time charter and voyage revenues (includes related party revenue of $1,939, $38,809and $27,444 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively) 14,18 $190,524 $223,676 $227,356 Time charter and voyage expenses (5,673) (7,199) (15,390) Direct vessel expenses (6,381) (4,043) (761) Management fees (entirely through related parties transactions) 18 (59,209) (56,504) (50,359) General and administrative expenses 18 (12,351) (7,931) (7,839) Depreciation and amortization 6,8 (92,370) (75,933) (95,822) Vessel impairment losses 6,7 (27,201) — — Loss on sale of securities 19 (19,435) — — Interest expense and finance cost, net (31,247) (31,720) (28,761) Interest income 541 222 243 Other income 22 14,523 5,232 47,935 Other expense (4,270) (3,995) (1,749) Net (loss)/ income $(52,549) $41,805 $74,853 Earnings per unit (see note 21): Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Earnings per unit: Common unit (basic and diluted) $(0.62) $0.48 $0.93 See notes to consolidated financial statements F-4 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars) Notes Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net (loss)/ income $(52,549) $41,805 $74,853 Adjustments to reconcile net (loss)/ income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 6,8 92,370 75,933 95,822 Vessel impairment losses 6,7 27,201 — — Loss on sale of securities 19 19,435 — — Gain on debt repayment (2,140) — — Non cash accrued interest income and amortization of deferred revenue (5,717) — — Amortization and write-off of deferred financing cost and discount 4,003 3,727 3,091 Amortization of deferred drydock and special survey costs 6,381 4,043 761 Equity in earnings of affiliates 59 (94) — Equity compensation expense 93 — — Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Net (increase)/ decrease in restricted cash (5,286) (426) 223 (Increase)/ decrease in accounts receivable (6,023) 9,279 3,020 (Increase)/ decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets (303) 173 193 Decrease/(increase) in other long-term assets 61 20 (9) Increase/ (decrease) in accounts payable 570 (1,118) 653 Increase/ (decrease) in accrued expenses 1,929 (1,107) (253) (Decrease)/increase in deferred revenue (1,000) 1,786 1,313 Increase in amounts due to related parties 3,025 6,800 1,423 Increase in amounts due from related parties (20,089) — — Payments for dry dock and special survey costs (5,493) (17,545) (9,429) Net cash provided by operating activities 56,527 123,276 171,661 INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Acquisition of vessels 6 (15,341) (147,830) (156,221) Deposits for acquisition of vessels, net of transfers to vessel acquisitions 6 — — (10) Investment in affiliates — (700) — Loans receivable from affiliates (450) (771) (470) Release of restricted cash for vessel acquisitions — — 33,429 Proceeds from sale of securities 19 20,842 — — Net cash provided by / (used in) investing activities 5,051 (149,301) (123,272) FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Cash distributions paid 21 — (132,306) (138,994) Net proceeds from issuance of general partner units 13 10 1,528 2,233 Proceeds from issuance of common units, net of offering costs 13 440 72,090 104,499 Proceeds from long-term debt 11 29,000 79,819 56,000 Net decrease/ (increase) in restricted cash 5,347 (6,409) — Repayment of long-term debt and payment of principal 11 (104,624) (60,696) (7,060) Deferred financing cost (1,141) (746) (918) Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities (70,968) (46,720) 15,760 Increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (9,390) (72,745) 64,149 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 26,750 99,495 35,346 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $17,360 $26,750 $99,495 Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash interest paid $26,694 $26,787 $25,870 Non cash financing activities Due to related parties $— $— $253 Acquisition of vessels $— $— $(253) Equity compensation expense $93 $— $— Non cash investing activities Notes receivable $6,112 $— $— Accrued interest on loan receivable from affiliates $238 $— $— See notes to consolidated financial statements F-5 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PARTNERS’ CAPITAL(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit data) Limited Partners General Partner CommonUnitholders Total Partners’Capital Units Units Balance December 31, 2013 1,449,681 $4,029 71,034,163 $702,478 $706,507 Cash distribution paid — (4,867) — (134,127) (138,994) Proceeds from issuance of common units, net of offering costs (seenote 13) — — 6,325,000 104,499 104,499 Net proceeds from issuance of general partner units (see note 13) 129,082 2,233 — — 2,233 Net income — 3,628 — 71,225 74,853 Balance December 31, 2014 1,578,763 $5,023 77,359,163 $744,075 $749,098 Cash distribution paid — (4,362) — (127,944) (132,306) Proceeds from issuance of common units, net of offering costs (seenote 13) — — 5,720,547 72,090 72,090 Net proceeds from issuance of general partner units (see note 13) 116,746 1,528 — — 1,528 Net income — 1,980 — 39,825 41,805 Balance December 31, 2015 1,695,509 $4,169 83,079,710 $728,046 $732,215 Equity compensation expense — — — 93 93 Proceeds from public offering and issuance of common units, net ofoffering costs (see note 13) — — 244,201 440 440 Net proceeds from issuance of general partner units (see note 13) 4,984 10 10 Net loss — (1,051) — (51,498) (52,549) Balance December 31, 2016 1,700,493 $3,128 83,323,911 $677,081 $680,209 See notes to consolidated financial statements F-6 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data)NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESSNavios Maritime Partners L.P. (“Navios Partners” or the “Company”), is an international owner and operator of dry cargo and container vessels, formed onAugust 7, 2007 under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Navios GP L.L.C. (the “General Partner”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NaviosMaritime Holdings Inc. (“Navios Holdings”), was also formed on that date to act as the general partner of Navios Partners and received a 2.0% general partnerinterest in Navios Partners.Navios Partners is engaged in the seaborne transportation services of a wide range of dry cargo commodities including iron ore, coal, grain, fertilizer and alsocontainers, chartering its vessels under medium to long-term charters. The operations of Navios Partners are managed by Navios ShipManagement Inc., asubsidiary of Navios Holdings (the “Manager”), from its offices in Piraeus, Greece, Singapore and Monaco.Pursuant to the initial public offering (“IPO”) on November 16, 2007, Navios Partners entered into the following agreements:(a) a management agreement with the Manager (the “Management Agreement”), pursuant to which the Manager provides Navios Partners commercial andtechnical management services;(b) an administrative services agreement with the Manager (the “Administrative Services Agreement”), pursuant to which the Manager provides NaviosPartners administrative services; and(c) an omnibus agreement with Navios Holdings (the “Omnibus Agreement”), governing, among other things, when Navios Partners and Navios Holdingsmay compete against each other as well as rights of first offer on certain drybulk carriers.As of December 31, 2016, there were outstanding: 83,323,911 common units and 1,700,493 general partnership units. As of December 31, 2016, NaviosHoldings owned a 20.0% interest in Navios Partners, which included a 2.0% general partner interest.NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (a)Basis of presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally acceptedin the United States of America (GAAP). (b)Principles of consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Navios Partners’ wholly owned subsidiaries incorporatedunder the laws of Marshall Islands, Malta, and Liberia from their dates of incorporation or, for chartered-in vessels, from the dates charter-in agreementswere in effect. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in Navios Partners’ consolidated financial statements.Navios Partners also consolidates entities that are determined to be variable interest entities as defined in the accounting guidance, if it determines thatit is the primary beneficiary. A variable interest entity is defined as a legal entity where either (a) equity interest holders as a group lack thecharacteristics of a controlling financial interest, including decision making ability and an interest in the entity’s residual risks and rewards, (b) theequity holders have not provided sufficient equity investment to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financialsupport, or (c) the voting rights of some investors are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity, their rights toreceive the expected residual returns of the entity, or both and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of aninvestor that has disproportionately few voting rights. F-7 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Based on internal forecasts and projections that take into account reasonably possible changes in our trading performance, management believes thatthe Company has adequate financial resources to continue in operation and meet its financial commitments, including but not limited to capitalexpenditures and debt service obligations, for a period of at least twelve months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.Accordingly, the Company continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.Subsidiaries: Subsidiaries are those entities in which Navios Partners has an interest of more than one half of the voting rights or otherwise has powerto govern the financial and operating policies of each subsidiary. F-8 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the following entities, owned and chartered-in vessels: Country ofincorporation Statements of operationsCompany name Vessel name 2016 2015 2014Libra Shipping Enterprises Corporation Navios Libra II Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Alegria Shipping Corporation Navios Alegria Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Felicity Shipping Corporation Navios Felicity Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Gemini Shipping Corporation Navios Gemini S Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Galaxy Shipping Corporation Navios Galaxy I Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Aurora Shipping Enterprises Ltd. Navios Hope Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Palermo Shipping S.A. Navios Apollon Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Fantastiks Shipping Corporation Navios Fantastiks Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Sagittarius Shipping Corporation Navios Sagittarius Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Hyperion Enterprises Inc. Navios Hyperion Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Chilali Corp. Navios Aurora II Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Surf Maritime Co. Navios Pollux Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Pandora Marine Inc. Navios Melodia Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Customized Development S.A. Navios Fulvia Liberia 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Kohylia Shipmanagement S.A. Navios Luz Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Orbiter Shipping Corp. Navios Orbiter Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Floral Marine Ltd. Navios Buena Ventura Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Golem Navigation Limited Navios Soleil Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Kymata Shipping Co. Navios Helios Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Joy Shipping Corporation Navios Joy Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Micaela Shipping Corporation Navios Harmony Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Pearl Shipping Corporation Navios Sun Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/18 – 12/31Velvet Shipping Corporation Navios La Paix Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/07 – 12/31Perigiali Navigation Limited (***) Navios Beaufiks Marshall Is. 12/30 – 12/31 — —Rubina Shipping Corporation Hyundai Hongkong Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Topaz Shipping Corporation Hyundai Singapore Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Beryl Shipping Corporation Hyundai Tokyo Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Cheryl Shipping Corporation Hyundai Shanghai Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Christal Shipping Corporation Hyundai Busan Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Fairy Shipping Corporation YM Utmost Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 8/29 – 12/31Limestone Shipping Corporation YM Unity Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 10/28 – 12/31Dune Shipping Corp. (**) MSC Cristina Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 4/22 – 12/31 —Citrine Shipping Corporation — Marshall Is. — — —Chartered-in vessels Prosperity Shipping Corporation Navios Prosperity Marshall Is. — 1/01 – 03/05 1/01 – 12/31Aldebaran Shipping Corporation Navios Aldebaran Marshall Is. — 1/01 – 02/28 1/01 – 12/31Other JTC Shipping and Trading Ltd (*) Holding Company Malta 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Navios Maritime Partners L.P. N/A Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Navios Maritime Operating LLC N/A Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Navios Partners Finance (US) Inc. Co-Borrower Delaware 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31Navios Partners Europe Finance Inc. Sub-Holding Company Marshall Is. 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 1/01 – 12/31 (*)Not a vessel-owning subsidiary and only holds right to charter-in contracts.(**)The vessel has been classified as held for sale and was sold on January 12, 2017 (see Note 23).(***)The vessel was acquired on December 30, 2016 (see Note 6). F-9 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) (c)Equity method investments: Affiliates are entities over which the Company generally has between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, or over whichthe Company has significant influence, but it does not exercise control. Investments in these entities are accounted for under the equity method ofaccounting. Under this method, the Company records an investment in the stock of an affiliate at cost, and adjusts the carrying amount for its share ofthe earnings or losses of the affiliate subsequent to the date of investment and reports the recognized earnings or losses in income. Dividends receivedfrom an affiliate reduce the carrying amount of the investment. The Company recognizes gains and losses in earnings for the issuance of shares by itsaffiliates, provided that the issuance of such shares qualifies as a sale of such shares. When the Company’s share of losses in an affiliate equals orexceeds its interest in the affiliate, the Company does not recognize further losses, unless the Company has incurred obligations or made payments onbehalf of the affiliate.Navios Partners evaluates its investments with equity method, for other than temporary impairment, on a quarterly basis. Consideration is given to (1) thelength of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the carrying value, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects and (3) theintent and ability of the Company to retain its investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. (d)Use of Estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the UnitedStates of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure ofcontingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reportingperiods. On an on-going basis, management evaluates the estimates and judgments, including those related to future drydock dates, the selection ofuseful lives for tangible assets, expected future cash flows from long-lived assets to support impairment tests, provisions necessary for accountsreceivables, provisions for legal disputes, and contingencies. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on variousother factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carryingvalues of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates under differentassumptions and/or conditions. (e)Cash and Cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, deposits held on call with banks, and other short-term liquidinvestments with original maturities of three months or less. (f)Restricted Cash: Restricted cash includes an amount of $2,228 held in retention and pledged accounts as required by Navios Partners’ credit facilitiesand an amount of $5,500 held as security in the form of a letter of guarantee relating to the chartering of a vessel. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,the restricted cash was $7,728 and $7,789, respectively. (g)Accounts Receivable, net: The amount shown as accounts receivable, net at each balance sheet date includes receivables from charterers for hire,freight and demurrage billings, net of a provision for doubtful accounts. At each balance sheet date, all potentially uncollectible accounts are assessedindividually for purposes of determining the appropriate provision for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31,2016 and 2015 was $0. (h)Vessels, net: Vessels are stated at historical cost, which consists of the contract price and any material expenses incurred upon acquisition(improvements and delivery expenses). Vessels acquired in an asset acquisition or in a business combination are recorded at fair value. Subsequentexpenditures for major improvements and upgrading are capitalized, provided they appreciably extend the life, increase the earning capacity orimprove the efficiency or safety of the vessels. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. F-10 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Depreciation is computed using the straight line method over the useful life of the vessels, after considering the estimated residual value. Managementestimates the residual values of our drybulk vessels based on a scrap value cost of steel times the weight of the ship noted in lightweight ton (LWT). Residualvalues are periodically reviewed and revised to recognize changes in conditions, new regulations or other reasons. Revisions of residual values affect thedepreciable amount of the vessels and affects depreciation expense in the period of the revision and future periods. The management after considering currentmarket trends for scrap rates and 10-year average historical scrap rates of the residual values of the Company’s vessels, estimates scrap value at a rate of $340per LWT.Management estimates the useful life of drybulk and container vessels to be 25 and 30 years, respectively, from the vessel’s original construction. However,when regulations place limitations over the ability of a vessel to trade on a worldwide basis, its useful life is re-estimated to end at the date such regulationsbecome effective. (i)Vessel held for sale: Vessels are classified as “Vessel held for sale” when all of the following criteria are met: management has committed to a plan tosell the vessel; the vessel is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of vessels;an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the vessel have been initiated; the sale of the vessel isprobable and transfer of the vessel is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year; the asset is being actively marketed forsale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significantchanges to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. Vessels classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carryingamount or fair value less cost to sell. These vessels are not depreciated once they meet the criteria to be held for sale. (j)Deferred Drydock and Special Survey costs: Navios Partners’ vessels are subject to regularly scheduled drydocking and special surveys which aregenerally carried out every 30 or 60 months, depending on the vessels’ ages to coincide with the renewal of the related certificates issued by theclassification societies, unless a further extension is obtained in rare cases and under certain conditions. The cost of drydocking and special surveys aredeferred and amortized over the above periods or to the next drydocking or special survey date if such date has been determined.Costs capitalized as part of the drydocking or special survey consist principally of the actual costs incurred at the yard and expenses relating to spare parts,paints, lubricants and services incurred solely during the drydocking or special survey period. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, theamortization expense was $6,381, $4,043 and $761, respectively.In each of October 2013, August 2014, February 2015 and February 2016, Navios Partners amended its existing Management Agreement with the Manager, asubsidiary of Navios Holdings, to fix the fees for ship management services of its owned fleet at: (a) $4.10 daily rate per Ultra-Handymax vessel; (b) $4.20daily rate per Panamax vessel; (c) $5.25 daily rate per Capesize vessel; (d) $6.70 daily rate per Container vessel of TEU 6,800; (e) $7.40 daily rate perContainer vessel of more than TEU 8,000; and (f) $8.75 daily rate per very large Container vessel of more than TEU 13,000 through December 31, 2017.Drydocking expenses under this agreement are reimbursed by Navios Partners at cost at occurrence. Effective from August 31, 2016, Navios Partners could,upon request to Navios Holdings, partially or fully defer the reimbursement of dry docking and other extraordinary fees and expenses under the ManagementAgreement to a later date, but not later than January 5, 2018, and if reimbursed on a later date, such amounts would bear interest at a rate of 1% per annumover LIBOR. (k)Impairment of long lived assets: Vessels, other fixed assets and other long lived assets held and used by Navios Partners are reviewed periodically forpotential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular asset may not be fully recoverable.In accordance with accounting for the “impairment or disposal of long-lived assets”, Navios Partners’ F-11 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) management evaluates the carrying amounts and periods over which long-lived assets are depreciated to determine if events or changes incircumstances have occurred that would require modification to their carrying values or useful lives. In evaluating useful lives and carrying values oflong-lived assets, certain indicators of potential impairment, are reviewed such as undiscounted projected operating cash flows, vessel sales andpurchases, business plans and overall market conditions.Undiscounted projected net operating cash flows are determined for each vessel and compared to the vessel carrying value of the vessel and related carryingvalue of the intangible with respect to the time charter agreement attached to that vessel. Within the shipping industry, vessels are customarily bought andsold with a charter attached. The value of the charter may be favorable or unfavorable when comparing the charter rate to then current market rates. The lossrecognized either on impairment (or on disposition) will reflect the excess of carrying value over fair value (selling price) for the vessel asset group.During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, management concluded that events occurred and circumstances had changed, which indicated that potentialimpairment of Navios Partners’ long-lived assets may exist. These indicators included continued deterioration in the spot market, and the related impact ofthe current drybulk and container sector has on management’s expectation for future revenues. As a result, an impairment assessment of long-lived assets wasperformed.Navios Partners determined undiscounted projected net operating cash flows for each vessel and compared it to the vessel’s carrying value together with thecarrying value of deferred drydock and special survey costs related to the vessel and the carrying value of the related intangible assets, if applicable. Thesignificant factors and assumptions used in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow analysis included: determining the projected net operatingcash flows by considering the charter revenues from existing time charters for the fixed fleet days (Navios Partners’ remaining charter agreement rates) and anestimated daily time charter equivalent for the unfixed days (based on a combination of one-year average historical time charter rates for the first year and10-year average historical one-year time charter rates for the remaining period, adjusted for outliers) over the remaining economic life of each vessel, net ofbrokerage and address commissions and excluding days of scheduled off-hires, management fees fixed until December 2017 and thereafter assuming anincrease of 3.0% every second year and utilization rate of 98.6% based on the fleet’s historical performance. The assessment concluded that step two of theimpairment analysis was not required and no impairment of vessels and the intangible assets existed as of December 31, 2016, as the undiscounted projectednet operating cash flows exceeded the carrying value.In the event that impairment would occur, the fair value of the related asset would be determined and an impairment charge would be recorded to operationscalculated by comparing the asset’s carrying value to its fair value. Fair value is estimated primarily through the use of third-party valuations performed on anindividual vessel basis.Although management believes the underlying assumptions supporting this assessment are reasonable, if charter rate trends and the length of the currentmarket downturn, vary significantly from our forecasts, management may be required to perform step two of the impairment analysis in the future that couldexpose Navios Partners to material impairment charges in the future.As of December 31, 2016, an impairment loss of $27,201 was recognized in connection with the committed sale of the MSC Cristina and the Navios Apollonas the carrying amount of each asset group was not recoverable and exceeded its fair less costs to sell (see note 6 and note 7). The impairment loss wasincluded under “Vessel impairment losses” in the consolidated Statements of Operations. Impairment loss recognized amounted to $27,201, $0 and $0 for theyears ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. F-12 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) (l)Investments in Debt Securities: The Company classifies its debt securities as held-to-maturity based on management’s positive intent and ability tohold to maturity. These securities are reported at amortized cost, subject to impairment. Management evaluates securities for other than temporaryimpairment on a quarterly basis. An investment is considered impaired if the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost. Considerationis given to: 1) if the Company intends to sell the security (that is, it has decided to sell the security); 2) it is more likely than not that the Company willbe required to sell the security before the recovery of its (entire) amortized cost basis; or 3) a credit loss exists (that is, the Company does not expect torecover the entire amortized cost basis of the security (the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis ofthe security). (m)Deferred financing cost: Deferred financing costs include fees, commissions and legal expenses associated with obtaining credit facilities andpresented as a deduction from the corresponding liability, consistent with debt discounts. These costs are amortized over the life of the related facilityusing the effective interest rate method, and are included in interest expense. Amortization expense and write-offs of deferred financing cost, includingamortization of debt discount, for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $4,003, $3,727 and $3,091, respectively. (n)Intangible assets and liabilities: Navios Partners’ intangible assets and liabilities consist of favorable lease terms and unfavorable lease terms. Whenintangible assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition of a vessel are identified, they are recorded at fair value. Fair value is determined byreference to market data and the discounted amount of expected future cash flows. Where charter rates are higher than market charter rates, an asset isrecorded, being the difference between the acquired charter rate and the market charter rate for an equivalent vessel. Where charter rates are less thanmarket charter rates, a liability is recorded, being the difference between the assumed charter rate and the market charter rate for an equivalent vessel.The determination of the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities requires Navios Partners to make significant assumptions and estimates ofmany variables including market charter rates, expected future charter rates, the level of utilization of its vessels and its weighted average cost ofcapital. The use of different assumptions could result in a material change in the fair value of these items, which could have a material impact onNavios Partners’ financial position and results of operations.The amortizable value of favorable and unfavorable leases is amortized over the remaining life of the lease term and the amortization expense is included inthe statement of operations in the depreciation and amortization line item. The amortizable value of favorable leases would be considered impaired if theirfair market values could not be recovered from the future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset. Management, after considering variousindicators, performed on impairment test which included intangible assets as described in paragraph (k) above. As of December 31, 2016, there was noimpairment of intangible assets. (o)Foreign currency translation: Navios Partners’ functional and reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar. Navios Partners engages in worldwide commercewith a variety of entities. Although, its operations may expose it to certain levels of foreign currency risk, its transactions are predominantly U.S. dollardenominated. Additionally, Navios Partners’ wholly-owned vessel subsidiaries transacted a nominal amount of their operations in Euros; however, allof the subsidiaries’ primary cash flows are U.S. dollar denominated. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are translated at theexchange rate in effect at the date of each transaction. Differences in exchange rates during the period between the date a transaction denominated in aforeign currency is consummated and the date on which it is either settled or translated, are recognized in the statement of operations. The foreigncurrency gains/(losses) recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, in other income or expense, for each of the years endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $11, $19, and $13, respectively. F-13 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) (p)Provisions: Navios Partners, in the ordinary course of its business, is subject to various claims, suits and complaints. Management, in consultation withinternal and external advisors, will provide for a contingent loss in the financial statements if the contingency had been incurred as of the balance sheetdate and the likelihood of loss is deemed to be probable at the date of the financial statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.In accordance with the accounting for contingencies, if Navios Partners has determined that the reasonable estimate of the loss is a range and there is nobest estimate within the range, Navios Partners will accrue the lower amount of the range. Navios Partners, through the management agreement,participates in Protection and Indemnity (P&I) insurance coverage plans provided by mutual insurance societies known as P&I clubs. Under the termsof these plans, participants may be required to pay additional premiums to fund operating deficits incurred by the clubs (“additional calls”).Obligations for additional calls are accrued annually based on announcements made by the board of Directors of each Club at the end of each policyyear pertaining to collection of any additional calls for the ‘closed’ policy year/s. (q)Segment Reporting: Navios Partners reports financial information and evaluates its operations by charter revenues and not by the length of shipemployment for its customers. Navios Partners does not use discrete financial information to evaluate operating results for each type of charter or vesseltype. Management does not identify expenses, profitability or other financial information by charter type. As a result, management reviews operatingresults solely by revenue per day and operating results of the fleet and thus Navios Partners has determined that it operates under one reportablesegment. (r)Revenue and Expense Recognition:Revenue Recognition: Revenue is recorded when services are rendered, under a signed charter agreement or other evidence of an arrangement, the price isfixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Revenue is generated from time charter of vessels.Voyage revenues for the transportation of cargo are recognized ratably over the estimated relative transit time of each voyage. Voyage expenses arerecognized as incurred. A voyage is deemed to commence when a vessel is available for loading and is deemed to end upon the completion of the dischargeof the current cargo. Estimated losses on voyages are provided for in full at the time such losses become evident. Under a voyage charter, a vessel is providedfor the transportation of specific goods between specific ports in return for payment of an agreed upon freight per ton of cargo.Revenues from time chartering of vessels are accounted for as operating leases and are thus recognized on a straight line basis as the average minimum leaserevenue over the rental periods of such charter agreements, as service is performed. A time charter involves placing a vessel at the charterers’ disposal for aperiod of time during which the charterer uses the vessel in return for the payment of a specified daily hire rate. Under time charters, operating costs such asfor crews, maintenance and insurance are typically paid by the owner of the vessel.Profit-sharing revenues are calculated at an agreed percentage of the excess of the charterer’s average daily income over an agreed amount and accounted foron an accrual basis based on provisional amounts and for those contracts that provisional accruals cannot be made due to the nature of the profit shareelements, these are accounted for on the actual cash settlement. Profit sharing for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $(9,123),$(2,559) and $205, respectively.Revenues are recorded net of address commissions. Address commissions represent a discount provided directly to the charterers based on a fixed percentageof the agreed upon charter or freight rate. Since address commissions represent a discount (sales incentive) on services rendered by the Company and noidentifiable benefit is received in exchange for the consideration provided to the charterer, these commissions are presented as a reduction of revenue. F-14 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) For vessels operating in pooling arrangements, the Company earns a portion of total revenues generated by the pool, net of expenses incurred by the pool.The amount allocated to each pool participant vessel, including the Company’s vessels, is determined in accordance with an agreed-upon formula, which isdetermined by points awarded to each vessel in the pool based on the vessel’s age, design and other performance characteristics. Revenue under poolingarrangements is accounted for on the accrual basis and is recognized when an agreement with the pool exists, price is fixed, service is provided and thecollectability is reasonably assured. Revenue for vessels operating in pooling arrangements amounted to $3,949, $0 and $0, for the years ended December 31,2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.The allocation of such net revenue may be subject to future adjustments by the pool however, such changes are not expected to be material.Time charter and voyage expenses: Time charter and voyage expenses comprise all expenses related to each particular voyage, including time charter hirepaid and bunkers, port charges, canal tolls, cargo handling, agency fees and brokerage commissions. Time charter expenses are expensed over the period ofthe time charter and voyage expenses are recognized as incurred.Direct vessel expenses: Direct vessel expenses comprise the amortization related to drydock and special survey costs of certain vessels of Navios Partners’fleet.Management fees: Pursuant to the amended Management Agreement, in each of October 2013, August 2014, February 2015 and February 2016, theManager, a wholly owned subsidiary of Navios Holdings, provides commercial and technical management services to Navios Partners’ vessels for a daily feeof: (a) $4.10 daily rate per Ultra-Handymax vessel; (b) $4.20 daily rate per Panamax vessel; (c) $5.25 daily rate per Capesize vessel; (d) $6.70 daily rate perContainer vessel of TEU 6,800; (e) $7.40 daily rate per Container vessel of TEU 8,000; and (f) $8.75 daily rate per very large Container vessel of more thanTEU 13,000 through December 31, 2017. Drydocking expenses under this agreement are reimbursed by Navios Partners at cost at occurrence.General and administrative expenses: Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement dated November 16, 2007, the Manager also providesadministrative services to Navios Partners, which include bookkeeping, audit and accounting services, legal and insurance services, administrative andclerical services, banking and financial services, advisory services, client and investor relations and other. The Manager is reimbursed for reasonable costsand expenses incurred in connection with the provision of these services. Navios Partners extended the duration of its existing Administrative ServicesAgreement with the Manager pursuant to the same terms, until December 31, 2017.Deferred revenue: Deferred revenue primarily relates to cash received from charterers prior to it being earned and the compensation received for the futurereduction in the daily hire rates payable by HMM. These amounts are recognized as revenue over the voyage or charter period.Prepaid voyage costs: Prepaid voyage costs relate to cash paid in advance for expenses associated with voyages. These amounts are recognized as expenseover the charter period.Inventory: Inventories, which are comprised of bunkers due to freight voyages, are valued at cost as determined on the first-in, first-out basis. (s)Financial Instruments: Financial instruments carried on the balance sheet include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivables andaccounts payables, other receivables and other liabilities and long-term debt. The particular recognition methods applicable to each class of financialinstrument are disclosed in the applicable significant policy description of each item, or included below as applicable. F-15 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Financial risk management: Navios Partners’ activities expose it to a variety of financial risks including fluctuations in future freight rates, time charter hirerates, and fuel prices, credit and interest rates risk. Risk management is carried out under policies approved by executive management. Guidelines areestablished for overall risk management, as well as specific areas of operations.Credit risk: Navios Partners closely monitors its exposure to customers and counter-parties for credit risk. Navios Partners has entered into the managementagreement with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager agreed to provide commercial and technical management services to Navios Partners. Whennegotiating on behalf of Navios Partners’ various vessel employment contracts, the Manager has policies in place to ensure that it trades with customers andcounterparties with an appropriate credit history.Financial instruments that potentially subject Navios Partners to concentrations of credit risk are accounts receivable and cash and cash equivalents. NaviosPartners does not believe its exposure to credit risk is likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.For the year ended December 31, 2016, our most significant counterparties representing 10% or more of total revenues were Hyundai Merchant Marine Co.,Ltd., Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation and Mediterranean Shipping Co. S.A. which accounted for approximately 29.6%, 13.0% and 11.6%,respectively, of total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2015, Navios Partners’ customers representing 10% or more of total revenues were HyundaiMerchant Marine Co., Ltd., Navios Corporation and Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation, which accounted for 24.0%, 17.4% and 11.4%, respectively,of total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2014, Navios Partners’ customers representing 10% or more of total revenues were Hyundai MerchantMarine Co., Ltd and Navios Corporation, which accounted for 24.4% and 11.0%, respectively, of total revenues. No other customers accounted for 10% ormore of total revenues for any of the years presented.Foreign exchange risk: Foreign currency transactions are translated into the measurement currency rates prevailing at the dates of transactions. Foreignexchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated inforeign currencies are recognized in the consolidated statements of income. (t)Cash Distribution: As per the Partnership Agreement, within 45 days following the end of each quarter, to the extent and as may be declared by theBoard, an amount equal to 100% of Available Cash with respect to such quarter shall be distributed to the partners as of the record date selected by theBoard of Directors.Available Cash: Generally means, for each fiscal quarter, all cash on hand at the end of the quarter: • less the amount of cash reserves established by the board of directors to: • provide for the proper conduct of the business (including reserve for Maintenance and Replacement Capital Expenditures) • comply with applicable law, any of Navios Partners’ debt instruments, or other agreements; or • provide funds for distributions to the unitholders and to the general partner for any one or more of the next four quarters; • plus all cash on hand on the date of determination of Available Cash for the quarter resulting from working capital borrowings made after the end of thequarter. Working capital borrowings are generally borrowings that are made under any revolving credit or similar agreement used solely for workingcapital purposes or to pay distributions to partners. F-16 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Available Cash is a quantitative measure used in the publicly traded partnership investment community to assist in evaluating a partnership’s ability to makequarterly cash distributions. Available Cash is not required by US GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other indicatorof Navios Partners’ performance required by US GAAP.Maintenance and Replacement Capital Expenditures: Maintenance and Replacement capital expenditures are those capital expenditures required tomaintain over the long-term the operating capacity of or the revenue generated by Navios Partners’ capital assets, and expansion capital expenditures arethose capital expenditures that increase the operating capacity of or the revenue generated by the capital assets. To the extent, however, that capitalexpenditures associated with acquiring a new vessel increase the revenues or the operating capacity of our fleet, those capital expenditures would beclassified as expansion capital expenditures. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, Maintenance and Replacement capital expenditures reserve approvedby the Board of Directors was $11,899, $13,811 and $24,047, respectively. (u)Equity compensation expense: In December 2016, Navios Partners granted restricted common units for its directors which are based on serviceconditions only and vest over three years. The fair value of restricted units is determined by reference to the quoted stock price on the date of grant.Compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized based on a graded expense model over the vesting period. Compensation expense forthe awards that vest upon achievement of the performance criteria is recognized when it is probable that the performance criteria will be met and arebeing accounted for as equity. The effect of compensation expense arising from the restricted units described above amounted to $93 as ofDecember 31, 2016 and it is reflected in general and administrative expenses on the statements of operations. There were no restricted common unitsexercised, forfeited or expired during the year ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, there is no compensating cost relating to serviceconditions of non-vested stock options which is not yet recognized.Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn January 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations” to clarify the definition of a business with the objectiveof adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisition (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Undercurrent implementation guidance the existence of an integrated set of acquired activities (inputs and processes that generate outputs) constitutes anacquisition of business. This ASU provides a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities does not constitute a business. The screen requires thatwhen substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similaridentifiable assets, the set is not a business. This update is effective for public entities with reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, includinginterim periods within those years. The amendments of this ASU should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. Early adoption is permitted,including adoption in an interim period 1) for transactions for which the acquisition date occurs before the issuance date or effective date of the ASU, onlywhen the transaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance and 2) for transactions in which asubsidiary is deconsolidated or a group of assets is derecognized that occur before the issuance date or effective date of the amendments, only when thetransaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently assessing the impactthat adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2017-03 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments-EquityMethod and Joint Ventures (Topic 323).” The ASU amends the Codification for SEC staff announcements made at recent Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)meetings. The F-17 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) SEC guidance that specifically relates to our Consolidate Financial Statement was from the September 2016 meeting, where the SEC staff expressed theirexpectations about the extent of disclosures registrants should make about the effects of the new FASB guidance as well as any amendments issued prior toadoption, on revenue (ASU 2014-09), leases (ASU 2016-02) and credit losses on financial instruments (ASU 2016-13) in accordance with SAB Topic 11.M.Registrants are required to disclose the effect that recently issued accounting standards will have on their financial statements when adopted in a futureperiod. In cases where a registrant cannot reasonably estimate the impact of the adoption, then additional qualitative disclosures should be considered. TheASU incorporates these SEC staff views into ASC 250 and adds references to that guidance in the transition paragraphs of each of the three new standards.The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.In November 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. This update addressesthe classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. The amendmentsare effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption ispermitted for all entities. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financialstatements.In August 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and CashPayments”. This update addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The amendments areeffective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption ispermitted for all entities. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financialstatements.In March 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718)”, which simplifies severalaspects of accounting for share-based compensation including the tax consequences, classification of awards as equity or liabilities, forfeitures andclassification on the statement of cash flows. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods withinthose fiscal years. Early application is permitted. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’sConsolidated Financial Statements.In February 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 will apply to both types ofleases – capital (or finance) leases and operating leases. According to the new Accounting Standard, lessees will be required to recognize assets and liabilitieson the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by all leases with terms of more than 12 months. ASU 2016 – 02 is effective for fiscal yearsbeginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently assessingthe impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnotes disclosures.In January 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10) – Recognition andMeasurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. The amendments in this update require an entity (i) to measure equity investments (except thoseaccounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) at fair value with changes in fair value recognizedin net income; (ii) to perform a qualitative assessment to identify impairment in equity investments without readily determinable fair values; (iii) to presentseparately in other comprehensive income the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk; and (iv) to presentseparately financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on thebalance sheet. The amendments also eliminate the requirement, for F-18 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) public business entities, to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortizedcost on the balance sheet and clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-salesecurities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. For public business entities, the update is effective for fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on theCompany’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.In August 2014, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40):Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. This standard requires management to assess an entity’s ability tocontinue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. Before this new standard, no accounting guidance existedfor management on when and how to assess or disclose going concern uncertainties. The amendments are effective for annual periods ending afterDecember 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted. The adoption of the newstandard is not expected to have a material impact on Navios Partners’ results of operations, financial position or cash flows.In May 2014, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, clarifying the method used to determinethe timing and requirements for revenue recognition on the statements of income. Under the new standard, an entity must identify the performanceobligations in a contract, the transaction price and allocate the price to specific performance obligations to recognize the revenue when the obligation iscompleted. The amendments in this update also require disclosure of sufficient information to allow users to understand the nature, amount, timing anduncertainty of revenue and cash flow arising from contracts. The new accounting guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning afterDecember 15, 2016. In August 2015, FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entitiesby one year. The standard will be effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein.The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have its consolidated financial statements.NOTE 3 – CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTSCash and cash equivalents consist of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Cash on hand and at banks $17,360 $26,332 Short-term deposits and highly liquid funds — 418 Total cash and cash equivalents $17,360 $26,750 Short-term deposits and highly liquid funds relate to amounts held in banks for general financing purposes. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Partners did nothold money market funds with duration of less than three months. As of December 31, 2015, Navios Partners held money market funds of $418 with durationof less than three months.Cash deposits and cash equivalents in excess of amounts covered by government-provided insurance are exposed to loss in the event of non-performance byfinancial institutions. Navios Partners does maintain cash deposits and equivalents in excess of government-provided insurance limits. Navios Partners alsoreduces exposure to credit risk by dealing with a diversified group of major financial institutions. F-19 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Restricted cash, at December 31, 2016, included $2,228, which related to amounts held in retention accounts as required by certain of Navios Partners’ creditfacilities and an amount of $5,500 held as security in the form of a letter of guarantee, relating to the chartering of a vessel. Restricted cash, at December 31,2015 included $7,789, which related to amounts held in retention accounts as required by certain of Navios Partners’ credit facilities.NOTE 4 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NETAccounts receivable consist of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Accounts receivable $10,022 $3,999 Less: Provision for doubtful receivables — — Accounts receivable, net $10,022 $3,999 Charges to provisions for doubtful accounts are summarized as follows: Allowance for doubtful receivables Balanceatbeginningof period Chargesto costsandexpenses Amountutilized Balanceat endofperiod Year ended December 31, 2016 $— $— $— $— Year ended December 31, 2015 $(49) $— $49 $— Year ended December 31, 2014 $(613) $— $564 $(49) NOTE 5 – PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETSPrepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Prepaid voyage costs $27 $137 Inventory 220 1,160 Other 1,353 — Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $1,600 $1,297 Inventories, which are comprised of bunkers due to freight voyages, are valued at cost as determined on the first-in, first-out basis. As of December 31, 2016,the amount of $1,353 represents the advances for working capital purposes for certain charter contracts.NOTE 6 – VESSELS, NET Vessels Cost AccumulatedDepreciation Net BookValue Balance December 31, 2014 $1,358,348 $(218,922) $1,139,426 Additions 147,840 (57,217) 90,623 Balance December 31, 2015 $1,506,188 $(276,139) $1,230,049 Additions 15,341 (55,983) (40,642) Vessel impairment losses (42,231) 15,030 (27,201) Transfer to vessel held for sale (see Note 7) (125,000) — (125,000) Balance December 31, 2016 $1,354,298 $(317,092) $1,037,206 F-20 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) To date, for each of the vessels purchased from Navios Holdings, the vessel acquisition was effected through the acquisition of all of the capital stock of thevessel-owning companies, which held the ownership and other contractual rights and obligations related to each of the acquired vessels, including the vesseland a charter-out contract. Management accounted for each acquisition as an asset acquisition. At the transaction date, the purchase price approximated thefair value of the assets acquired, which was determined based on a combination of methodologies including discounted cash flow analyses and independentvaluation analyses. The consideration paid, for each of these transactions, was allocated between the intangible assets (favorable lease term) and the vesselvalue.Acquisition of vessels2016On December 30, 2016, Navios Partners acquired from an unrelated third party the Navios Beaufiks, a 2004-Japanese-built Capesize vessel of 180,310 dwt,for an acquisition cost of $15,341.2015On April 22, 2015, Navios Partners acquired from an unrelated third party the MSC Cristina, a 2011 South Korean-built Container vessel of 13,100 TEU, foran acquisition cost of $147,840, of which $14,802 relates to vessel deposits paid and transferred during the year.2014On October 28, 2014, Navios Partners acquired from an unrelated third party the YM Unity, a 2006-built Container vessel of 8,204 TEU, for an acquisitioncost of $59,095.On August 29, 2014, Navios Partners acquired from an unrelated third party the YM Utmost, a 2006-built Container vessel of 8,204 TEU, for an acquisitioncost of $59,092.On January 18, 2014, Navios Partners acquired from an unrelated third party the Navios Sun, a 2005-built Panamax vessel of 76,619 dwt, for an acquisitioncost of $16,176, of which $1,583 was transferred from vessel deposits.On January 7, 2014, Navios Partners acquired from an unrelated third party the Navios La Paix, a 2014-built Ultra-Handymax vessel of 61,485 dwt, for anacquisition cost of $28,478, of which $5,688 was transferred from vessel deposits.Vessel impairment lossesOn January 9, 2017, Navios Partners entered into a Memorandum of Agreement with an unrelated third party for the disposal of the Navios Apollon for a netsale price of $4,750. The vessel is subject to an existing time charter with an unrelated charterer and was not immediately available for sale and therefore, didnot qualify as an asset held for sale as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had a current expectation that the vessel would be soldbefore the end of its previously estimated useful life, and as a result performed an impairment test of the specific asset group. An impairment loss of $10,008has been recognized under the line item “Vessel impairment losses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. F-21 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) NOTE 7 – VESSEL HELD FOR SALEDuring June 2016, Navios Partners entered into a Memorandum of Agreement with an unrelated third party, for the disposal of the MSC Cristina. The vesselwas subject to an existing time charter and management had committed to a plan to sell the vessel to the current charterer prior to June 2017.As of December 31, 2016, the vessel has been classified as held for sale as the relevant criteria for the classification were met and, therefore, it is presented inthe consolidated balance sheets at its fair value less cost to sell totaling $125,000. An impairment loss of $17,193 for the vessel held for sale, is includedunder “Vessel impairment losses” in the consolidated Statements of Operations. The vessel was sold in January 2017 and proceeds from the sale of the vesselwere used to fully repay the outstanding amount of the April 2015 credit facility and the June 2016 credit facility (see Note 23).NOTE 8 – INTANGIBLE ASSETSIntangible assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following: Cost AccumulatedAmortization Net Book Value Favorable lease terms December 31, 2014 $158,987 $(84,932) $74,055 Additions — (18,716) (18,716) Write-off (31,199) 31,199 — Favorable lease terms December 31, 2015 $127,788 $(72,449) $55,339 Additions — (15,861) (15,861) Accelerated amortization (44,072) 23,546 (20,526) Favorable lease terms December 31, 2016 $83,716 $(64,764) $18,952 Amortization expense of favorable lease terms for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is presented in the following table: Year Ended December 31,2016 December 31,2015 December 31,2014 Favorable lease terms $(15,861) $(18,716) $(23,287) Acceleration of favorable lease terms (20,526) — (22,063) Total $(36,387) $(18,716) $(45,350) The aggregate amortization of the intangibles as of December 31 is estimated to be as follows: Year Amount 2017 $10,871 2018 3,748 2019 1,166 2020 1,166 2021 1,166 2022 and thereafter 835 $18,952 F-22 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) As of December 31, 2016, Navios Partners accelerated $20,526 of amortization of the Navios Luz and the Navios Buena Ventura favorable lease intangiblesdue to a change in their useful life following the termination of the Charter Party and early re-delivery of the vessels from Hanjin Shipping Co. onSeptember 13, 2016.As of December 31, 2015, acquisition cost and accumulated amortization, each amounting to $31,199, was written-off as the intangible asset associated withthe favorable lease that was fully amortized for the Navios Fulvia.During the year ended December 31, 2014, Navios Partners’ accelerated $22,010 of amortization of the Navios Pollux favorable lease intangible due to achange in its useful life following the termination of the credit default insurance policy (Refer to Note 22 “Other Income” for further details). The additionalamount of $53 of accelerated amortization incurred through December 31, 2014, related to the expiration of the intangible assets associated with two vesselsof our fleet.Intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized using straight line method over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual value of zero.The weighted average remaining useful lives are 10.0 years for favorable lease terms charter out.NOTE 9 – ACCOUNTS PAYABLEAccounts payable as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Creditors $766 $329 Brokers 1,796 2,112 Insurances 35 149 Professional and legal fees 679 116 Total accounts payable $3,276 $2,706 NOTE 10 – ACCRUED EXPENSESAccrued expenses as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Accrued voyage expenses $1,526 $1,411 Accrued loan interest 700 864 Accrued legal and professional fees 2,219 241 Total accrued expenses $4,445 $2,516 Included in accrued legal and professional fees is the amount of $1,650 that was authorized and approved by the compensation committee of Navios Partnersin December 2016 and for which all service conditions have been met as of December 31, 2016. The compensation committee of Navios Partners alsoauthorized and approved an additional $1,650 payment to the directors and/or officers of the Company subject to fulfillment of certain service conditions in2017. The total amount of $ 1,650, $0 and $0 has been recorded in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated Statements of Operations for theyear ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively. F-23 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) NOTE 11 – BORROWINGSBorrowings as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Term Loan B facility $386,292 $411,292 Credit facilities 141,805 194,569 Total borrowings $528,097 $605,861 Less: Long-term unamortized discount (1,471) (2,464) Less: Current portion of long-term debt, net (74,031) (23,336) Less: Deferred financing costs, net (2,850) (5,319) Long-term debt, net $449,745 $574,742 As December 31, 2016, the total borrowings, net under the Navios Partners’ credit facilities were $523,776.Term Loan B Credit Facility: In June 2013, Navios Partners completed the issuance of the $250,000 Term Loan B facility. The Term Loan B facility bearsan interest rate of LIBOR plus 425 basis points (“bps”) and has a five-year term with 1.0% amortization profile and was issued at 98.0%.On October 31, 2013 and November 1, 2013, Navios Partners completed the issuance of a $189,500 add-on to its existing Term Loan B facility. The add-onto the Term Loan B facility bears the same terms as Term Loan B facility. Navios Partners used the net proceeds to partially finance the acquisition of fiveContainer vessels.During 2015 and 2016, Navios Partners prepaid $21,000 and $25,000, respectively, of the Term Loan B facility. These prepayments were fully applied to theballoon payment. Following the prepayment of March 2015 and May 2016, an amount of $256 and $187, respectively, was written-off from the deferredfinance fees.The Term Loan B facility is secured by first priority mortgages covering certain vessels owned by subsidiaries of Navios Partners, in addition to othercollateral, and is guaranteed by each subsidiary of Navios Partners. On March 31, 2016, YM Unity was added as collateral to the Term Loan B facility. OnNovember 14, 2016, six dry cargo vessels were added as collateral to the Term Loan B facility and a Capesize vessel has been added upon delivery inDecember 2016 in exchange for $13,500, held in the escrow account. Upon delivery of Navios Beaufiks, the amount of $13,500 was released and the vesselwas added as collateral to the Term Loan B facility.The Term Loan B Agreement requires maintenance of a loan to value ratio of 0.8 to 1.0, and other restrictive covenants customary for facilities of this type(subject to negotiated exceptions and baskets), including restrictions on indebtedness, liens, acquisitions and investments, restricted payments anddispositions. The Term Loan B Agreement also provides for customary events of default, prepayment and cure provisions.As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan B facility including the add-on was $384,821, net of discount of $1,471, and it isrepayable with a final payment of $386,292, in June 2018.ABN AMRO Credit Facilities: On September 22, 2014, Navios Partners entered into a credit facility with ABN AMRO Bank N.V. (the “September 2014Credit Facility”) of up to $56,000 (divided into two tranches) in order to finance a portion of the purchase price payable in connection with the acquisition ofthe YM Utmost and the YM Unity. The September 2014 Credit Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 300 bps per annum. During 2015, Navios Partnersprepaid $21,312. Following this prepayment, an amount of $314 was written-off from the deferred finance fees. F-24 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) On March 31, 2016, the YM Unity was released and discharged from its obligations and liabilities under the September 2014 Credit Facility. On April 1,2016, Navios Partners fully repaid the outstanding balance of $28,357 of the facility with ABN AMRO Bank N.V. Following this repayment, an amount of$340 was written-off from the deferred finance fees. As of December 31, 2016, there was no outstanding amount under this facility.On June 23, 2016, Navios Partners entered into a new credit facility with ABN AMRO Bank N.V. (the “June 2016 Credit Facility”) of up to $30,000 to beused for the general corporate purposes of the Borrower. The June 2016 Credit Facility bore interest at LIBOR plus 400 bps per annum. The final maturitydate was January 30, 2017. As of December 31, 2016 the outstanding balance of the facility was $29,000. On January 12, 2017, Navios Partners fully repaidthe June 2016 Credit Facility.Commerzbank/DVB Credit Facility: On March 27, 2015, Navios Partners prepaid $2,346 of the July 2012 Credit facility and the prepayment was applied to2015 installments. On January 8, 2016, Navios Partners prepaid the 2016 installments in the amount of $16,235 of the July 2012 Credit facility. OnNovember 10, 2016, Navios Partners prepaid $28,052 in cash for the settlement of a nominal amount of $30,192 of the July 2012 Credit facility achieving a$2,140 gain on debt repayment. The prepayments of 2016 of this facility were accounted for as debt modification in accordance with ASC470 Debt.Following these prepayments, an amount of $161 was written-off from the deferred finance fees. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding balance of the July2012 Credit facility was $41,855, and it was repayable in one quarterly installment of $1,600 and four quarterly installments of $2,100, with a final balloonpayment of $31,855 on the last repayment date. The final maturity date is November 30, 2017.HSH Credit Facility: On April 16, 2015, Navios Partners, through certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into a term loan facility agreement of upto $164,000 (divided into two tranches) with HSH Nordbank AG (the “April 2015 Credit Facility”), in order to finance a portion of the purchase price payablein connection with the acquisition of the MSC Cristina and one more super-post-panamax 13,100 TEU container vessel. On September 30, 2015, the secondtranche of April 2015 Credit Facility of $83,000 was cancelled. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding balance of the April 2015 Credit Facility was$70,950 and was repayable in 22 equal consecutive quarterly installments of $1,478, with a final balloon payment of $38,431 on the last repayment date.The final maturity date was April 20, 2022. The April 2015 Credit Facility bore interest at LIBOR plus 275 bps per annum. On January 12, 2017, NaviosPartners fully repaid the April 2015 Credit Facility.The Navios Holdings Credit Facility: In May 2015, Navios Partners entered into a term loan facility with Navios Holdings of up to $60,000 (the “NaviosHoldings Credit Facility”). The Navios Holdings Credit Facility has a margin of LIBOR plus 300 bps. The final maturity date was January 2, 2017. In April2016, the Company drew $21,000 from the Navios Holdings Credit Facility, which was fully repaid during April 2016. Following this prepayment, anamount of $600 was written off from the deferred finance fees. As of December 31, 2016, there was no outstanding amount under this facility.Amounts drawn under the July 2012 Credit Facility are secured by first preferred mortgages on certain Navios Partners’ vessels and other collateral and areguaranteed by the respective vessel-owning subsidiary. Amounts drawn under the September 2014 Credit Facility, the April 2015 Credit Facility and theJune 2016 Credit Facility are secured by first preferred mortgages on certain Navios Partners’ vessels and other collateral and are guaranteed by NaviosPartners. The July 2012 Credit Facility, the September 2014 Credit Facility, the April 2015 Credit Facility and the June 2016 Credit Facility contain anumber of restrictive covenants that prohibit or limit Navios Partners from, among other things: incurring or guaranteeing indebtedness; entering intoaffiliate F-25 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) transactions; charging, pledging or encumbering the vessels; changing the flag, class, management or ownership of Navios Partners’ vessels; changing thecommercial and technical management of Navios Partners’ vessels; selling or changing the beneficial ownership or control of Navios Partners’ vessels; notmaintaining Navios Holdings’ (or its affiliates) ownership in Navios Partners of at least 15.0%; and subordinating the obligations under the credit facilities toany general and administrative costs relating to the vessels, including the fixed daily fee payable under the management agreement.The July 2012 Credit Facility, the September 2014 Credit Facility, the April 2015 Credit Facility and the June 2016 Credit Facility also require compliancewith a number of financial covenants, including: (i) maintain a required security amount ranging over 105% to 140%; (ii) minimum free consolidatedliquidity of $15,000 as at December 31, 2016 and at least the higher of $20,000 and the aggregate of interest and principal falling due during the previous sixmonths all the other times; (iii) maintain a ratio of EBITDA to interest expense of at least 2.00:1.00; (iv) maintain a ratio of total liabilities to total assets (asdefined in our credit facilities) ranging of less than 0.75 or 0.80:1.00; and (v) maintain a minimum net worth to $135,000 for the periods prior to anydistributions by the Company. It is an event of default under the credit facilities if such covenants are not complied with in accordance with the terms andsubject to the prepayment or cure provision of each facility.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Partners was in compliance with the financial covenants and/or the prepayment and/or the cure provisions as applicable ineach of its credit facilities.The maturity table below reflects the gross principal payments due under its credit facilities for the 12-month periods ended December 31: Year Amount 2017 $76,767 2018 392,204 2019 5,913 2020 5,913 2021 5,913 2022 and thereafter 41,387 $528,097 NOTE 12 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSThe carrying value amounts of many of Navios Partners’ financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable andaccounts payable and amounts due to related parties approximate their fair value due primarily to the short-term maturity of the related instruments.The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for interest bearing deposits and moneymarket funds approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of these investments.Other long-term debt, net: The book value has been adjusted to reflect the net presentation of deferred financing costs. The outstanding balance of floatingrate loans continues to approximate its fair value, excluding the effect of any deferred finance costs. F-26 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Term Loan B facility: The fair value of the Company’s debt is estimated based on currently available debt with similar contract terms, interest rate andremaining maturities, as well as taking into account our creditworthiness. The book value has been adjusted to reflect the net presentation of deferred financecosts.Due to related parties, short-term: The carrying amount of due to related parties, short-term reported in the balance sheet approximates its fair value due tothe short-term nature of these payables.Due to related parties, long-term: The carrying amount of due to related parties, long-term reported in the balance sheet approximates its fair value due tothe long-term nature of these payables.Due from related parties: The carrying amount of due from related parties reported in the balance sheet approximates its fair value.The estimated fair values of the Navios Partners’ financial instruments are as follows: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Book Value Fair Value Book Value Fair Value Cash and cash equivalents $17,360 $17,360 $26,750 $26,750 Restricted cash $7,728 $7,728 $7,789 $7,789 Loans receivable from affiliates $2,422 $2,422 $1,521 $1,521 Amounts due to related parties, short-term $— $— $(8,680) $(8,680) Amounts due to related parties, long-term $11,105 $11,105 $— $— Amounts due from related parties $19,639 $19,639 $— $— Term Loan B facility, net $(382,653) $(360,700) $(404,977) $(406,410) Other long-term debt, net $(141,124) $(141,805) $(193,102) $(194,569) Notes receivable $6,112 $6,112 $— $— Fair Value MeasurementsThe estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, categorized based upon the fair value hierarchy,are as follows:Level I: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access. Valuation of these itemsdoes not entail a significant amount of judgment.Level II: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level I that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at themeasurement date.Level III: Inputs that are unobservable. The Company did not use any Level 3 inputs as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Total Level I Level II Level III Cash and cash equivalents $17,360 $17,360 $— $— Restricted cash $7,728 $7,728 $— $— Loans receivable from affiliates $2,422 $— $2,422 $— Amounts due to related parties, long-term $11,105 $11,105 $— $— Term Loan B facility, net(1) $(360,700) $— $(360,700) $— Other long-term debt, net(1) $(141,805) $— $(141,805) $— Notes receivable(2) $6,112 $— $6,112 $— F-27 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) The estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, categorized based upon the fair value hierarchy,are as follows: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Total Level I Level II Level III Vessel held for sale $125,000 $— $125,000 $— Vessels, net (for Navios Apollon) $4,750 $— $4,750 $— Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2015 Total Level I Level II Level III Cash and cash equivalents $26,750 $26,750 $— $— Restricted cash $7,789 $7,789 $— $— Loans receivable from affiliates $1,521 $— $1,521 $— Term Loan B facility, net(1) $(406,410) $— $(406,410) $— Other long-term debt, net(1) $(194,569) $— $(194,569) $— (1)The fair value of the Company’s debt is estimated based on currently available debt with similar contract terms, interest rate and remaining maturitiesas well as taking into account our creditworthiness.(2)The fair value is estimated based on currently available information on the Company’s counterparty with similar contract terms, interest rate andremaining maturities.NOTE 13 – ISSUANCE OF UNITSOn November 18, 2016, Navios Partners entered into a Continuous Offering Program Sales Agreement, pursuant to which Navios Partners may issue and sellfrom time to time through its agent common units representing limited partner interests having an aggregate offering price of up to $25,000. During the yearended December 31, 2016, Navios Partners issued 244,201 common units and received net proceeds of $440. Pursuant to the issuance of the common units,Navios Partners issued 4,984 general partnership units to its general partner in order to maintain its 2.0% general partner interest. The net proceeds from theissuance of the general partnership units were $10.On February 11, 2015, Navios Partners completed its public offering of 4,000,000 common units at $13.09 per unit and raised gross proceeds ofapproximately $52,360 to fund its fleet expansion. The net proceeds of this offering, including the underwriting discount and excluding offering costs of$216 were approximately $50,120. Pursuant to this offering, Navios Partners issued 81,633 general partnership units to its general partner. The net proceedsfrom the issuance of the general partnership units were $1,069. On the same date, Navios Partners completed the exercise of the option previously granted tothe underwriters in connection with the offering and issued 600,000 additional common units at the public offering price less the underwriting discount. As aresult of the exercise of the option, Navios Partners raised additional gross proceeds of $7,854 and net proceeds, including the underwriting discount, ofapproximately $7,518 and issued 12,245 additional general partnership units to its general partner. The net proceeds from the issuance of the generalpartnership units were $160. In addition, Navios Partners completed a private placement of 1,120,547 common units and 22,868 general partner units at$13.09 per unit to Navios Holdings, raising additional gross proceeds of $14,967.Navios Holdings currently owns a 19.4% interest in Navios Partners, which includes the 2.0% interest through Navios Partners’ general partner which NaviosHoldings owns and controls.On February 14, 2014, Navios Partners completed its public offering of 5,500,000 common units at $17.30 per unit and raised gross proceeds ofapproximately $95,150 to fund its fleet expansion. The net proceeds of this F-28 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) offering, including the underwriting discount and excluding offering costs of $306 were approximately $91,135. Pursuant to this offering, Navios Partnersissued 112,245 general partnership units to its general partner. The net proceeds from the issuance of the general partnership units were $1,942. OnFebruary 18, 2014, Navios Partners completed the exercise of the option previously granted to the underwriters in connection with the offering and issued825,000 additional common units at the public offering price less the underwriting discount. As a result of the exercise of the option, Navios Partners raisedadditional gross proceeds of $14,273 and net proceeds, including the underwriting discount, of approximately $13,670 and issued 16,837 additional generalpartnership units to its general partner. The net proceeds from the issuance of the general partnership units were $291.NOTE 14 – SEGMENT INFORMATIONNavios Partners reports financial information and evaluates its operations by charter revenues. Navios Partners does not use discrete financial information toevaluate operating results for each type of charter or by sector. As a result, management reviews operating results solely by revenue per day and operatingresults of the fleet and thus Navios Partners has determined that it operates under one reportable segment.The following table sets out operating revenue by geographic region for Navios Partners’ reportable segment. Revenue is allocated on the basis of thegeographic region in which the customer is located. Drybulk and container vessels operate worldwide. Revenues from specific geographic region whichcontribute over 10% of total revenue are disclosed separately.Revenue by Geographic RegionVessels operate on a worldwide basis and are not restricted to specific locations. Accordingly, it is not possible to allocate the assets of these operations tospecific countries. Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Asia $112,019 $133,542 $125,572 Europe 54,006 70,121 64,858 North America 13,364 10,557 19,943 Australia 11,135 9,456 16,983 Total $190,524 $223,676 $227,356 NOTE 15 – INCOME TAXESMarshall Islands, Malta and Liberia do not impose a tax on international shipping income. Under the laws of Marshall Islands, Malta and Liberia, thecountries of the vessel-owning subsidiaries’ incorporation and vessels’ registration, the vessel-owning subsidiaries are subject to registration and tonnagetaxes which have been included in vessel operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.In accordance with the currently applicable Greek law, foreign flagged vessels that are managed by Greek or foreign ship management companies havingestablished an office in Greece are subject to duties towards the Greek state which are calculated on the basis of the relevant vessel’s tonnage. The payment ofsaid duties exhausts the tax liability of the foreign ship owning company and the relevant manager against any tax, duty, charge or contribution payable onincome from the exploitation of the foreign flagged vessel. F-29 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Pursuant to Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code of the United States, U.S. source income from the international operation of ships is generally exemptfrom U.S. income tax if the company operating the ships meets certain incorporation and ownership requirements. Among other things, in order to qualify forthis exemption, the company operating the ships must be incorporated in a country which grants an equivalent exemption from income taxes toU.S. corporations. All the vessel-owning subsidiaries satisfy these initial criteria.In addition, these companies must meet an ownership test. The management of Navios Partners believes that this ownership test was satisfied prior to the IPOby virtue of a special rule applicable to situations where the ship operating companies are beneficially owned by a publicly traded company. Although notfree from doubt, management also believes that the ownership test will be satisfied based on the trading volume and ownership of Navios Partners’ units, butno assurance can be given that this will remain so in the future.NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESNavios Partners is involved in various disputes and arbitration proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Provisions have been recognized in thefinancial statements for all such proceedings where Navios Partners believes that a liability may be probable, and for which the amounts are reasonablyestimable, based upon facts known at the date the financial statements were prepared. Management believes the ultimate disposition of these matters will beimmaterial individually and in the aggregate to Navios Partners’ financial position, results of operations or liquidity.In January 2011, Korea Line Corporation (“KLC”) which is the charterer of the Navios Melodia filed for receivership. The charter contract was affirmed andwas performed by KLC on its original terms, following an interim suspension period until April 2016 during which Navios Partners traded the vessel directly.On April 1, 2016, the vessel was delivered to KLC and the charter contract was resumed.NOTE 17 – LEASESThe future minimum contractual lease income (charter-out rates are presented net of commissions and assume no off-hires days) as of December 31, 2016, is asfollows: Amount 2017 $112,434 2018 82,445 2019 54,688 2020 65,862 2021 65,682 2022 and thereafter 306,965 $688,076 NOTE 18 – TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES AND AFFILIATESThe Navios Holdings Credit facility: In May 2015, Navios Partners entered into the Navios Holdings Credit Facility of up to $60,000. The Navios HoldingsCredit Facility has a margin of LIBOR plus 300 bps. The final maturity date was January 2, 2017. As of December 31, 2016, there was no outstanding amountunder this facility (See Note 11). F-30 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) Management fees: Pursuant to the amended Management Agreement, in each of October 2013, August 2014 and February 2015, the Manager, a whollyowned subsidiary of Navios Holdings, provides commercial and technical management services to Navios Partners’ vessels for a daily fee of: (a) $4.0 dailyrate per Ultra-Handymax vessel; (b) $4.10 daily rate per Panamax vessel; (c) $5.10 daily rate per Capesize vessel; (d) $6.50 daily rate per Container vessel ofTEU 6,800; (e) $7.20 daily rate per Container vessel of more than TEU 8,000; and (f) $8.50 daily rate per very large Container vessel of more than TEU13,000 through December 31, 2015. In February 2016, Navios Partners further amended its existing Management Agreement with the Manager to fix the feesfor ship management services of its owned fleet at: (a) $4.10 daily rate per Ultra-Handymax vessel; (b) $4.20 daily rate per Panamax vessel; (c) $5.25 dailyrate per Capesize vessel; (d) $6.70 daily rate per Container vessel of TEU 6,800; (e) $7.40 daily rate per Container vessel of more than TEU 8,000; and(f) $8.75 daily rate per very large Container vessel of more than TEU 13,000 through December 31, 2017. Drydocking expenses under this agreement arereimbursed by Navios Partners at cost at occurrence. Effective August 31, 2016, Navios Partners could, upon request to Navios Holdings, partially or fullydefer the reimbursement of dry docking and other extraordinary fees and expenses under the Management Agreement to a later date, but not later thanJanuary 5, 2018, and if reimbursed on a later date, such amounts would bear interest at a rate of 1% per annum over LIBOR.Total management fees for the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $59,209, $56,504 and $50,359, respectively.General and administrative expenses: Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, the Manager also provides administrative services to NaviosPartners, which include bookkeeping, audit and accounting services, legal and insurance services, administrative and clerical services, banking and financialservices, advisory services, client and investor relations and other. The Manager is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection withthe provision of these services. Navios Partners extended the duration of its existing Administrative Services Agreement with the Manager, untilDecember 31, 2017.Total general and administrative expenses charged by Navios Holdings for the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $7,751, $6,205and $6,089, respectively.Balance due from related parties (excluding Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II): Balance due from related parties as of December 31, 2016 was$19,040 and included the short-term due from Navios Holdings. The balance mainly consisted of management fees and other receivables. Amounts due fromrelated parties as of December 31, 2015 was $0.Balance due to related parties: Included in the non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2016 was an amount of $11,105, which represented the non-currentamount payable to Navios Holdings and its subsidiaries. The balance mainly consisted of payables for drydock and special survey expenses. Amounts due torelated parties included in the current liabilities as of December 31, 2015 was $8,680 mainly consisting of payables for drydock and special survey expenses,management fees outstanding and other receivables.Vessel Chartering: In May 2012 and 2013, Navios Partners entered into two charters with a subsidiary of Navios Holdings for the Navios Aldebaran and theNavios Prosperity. On February 11, 2015, Navios Partners and Navios Holdings entered into a novation agreement whereby the rights to the time chartercontract of the Navios Aldebaran and the Navios Prosperity were transferred to Navios Holdings on February 28 and March 5, 2015, respectively.In 2012 and 2013, Navios Partners entered into various charters with a subsidiary of Navios Holdings for the Navios Apollon, Navios Libra, Navios Felicityand Navios Hope. In April 2015, these charters were further F-31 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) extended for approximately one year at a net daily rate of $12.5, $12.0, $12.0 and $10.0, respectively, plus 50/50 profit sharing based on actual earnings atthe end of the period. The vessels were redelivered as of April 2016.In 2015, Navios Partners entered into various charters with a subsidiary of Navios Holdings for the Navios Gemini, Navios Hyperion, Navios Soleil, NaviosHarmony, Navios Orbiter, Navios Fantastiks, Navios Alegria, Navios Pollux and Navios Sun. The terms of these charters were approximately nine to twelvemonths, at a net daily rate of $7.6, $12.0, $12.0, $12.0, $12.0, $12.5, $12.0, $11.4 and $12.0, respectively plus 50/50 profit sharing based on actual earningsat the end of the period. The vessels were redelivered as of April 2016.In November 2016, Navios Partners entered into a charter with a subsidiary of Navios Holdings for the Navios Fulvia, a 2010-built Capesize vessel. The termof this charter is approximately three months that commenced in November 2016, at a net daily rate of $11.5.Total revenue of Navios Partners from the subsidiaries of Navios Holdings for the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $1,939,$38,809 and $27,444, respectively.Share Purchase Agreements: On February 4, 2015, Navios Partners entered into a share purchase agreement with Navios Holdings pursuant to which NaviosHoldings made an investment in Navios Partners by purchasing common units, and general partnership interests (See Note 13—Issuance of Units).Registration Rights Agreement: On February 4, 2015, in connection with the share purchase agreement as discussed above, Navios Partners entered into aregistration rights agreement with Navios Holdings pursuant to which Navios Partners provided Navios Holdings with certain rights relating to theregistration of the common units.Balance due from Navios Europe I: Navios Holdings, Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation (“Navios Acquisition”) and Navios Partners have madeavailable to Navios Europe Inc. (“Navios Europe I”) (in each case, in proportion to their ownership interests in Navios Europe I) revolving loans up to$24,100 to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans I”). See Note 20 for the Investment in Navios Europe I andrespective ownership interests. The Navios Revolving Loans I earn a 12.7% preferred distribution and are repaid from Free Cash Flow (as defined in the loanagreement) to the fullest extent possible at the end of each quarter. There are no covenant requirements or stated maturity dates.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Partners’ portion of the outstanding amount relating to portion of the investment in Navios Europe I (5.0% of the $10,000)was $500, under the caption “Investment in affiliates” and the outstanding amount relating to the Navios Revolving Loans I capital was $750 (December 31,2015: $750), under the caption “Loans receivable from affiliates”. The accrued interest income earned under the Navios Revolving Loans I was $310 underthe caption “Balance due from related parties” and the accrued interest income earned under the Navios Term Loans I was $235 under the caption “Loansreceivable from affiliates”. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the amounts undrawn from the Navios Revolving Loans I were $9,100, of whichNavios Partners’ portion was $455.Balance due from Navios Europe II: Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners have made available to Navios Europe (II) Inc. (“NaviosEurope II”) (in each case, in proportion to their ownership interests in Navios Europe II) revolving loans up to $38,500 to fund working capital requirements(collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans II”). See Note 20 for the Investment in Navios Europe II and respective ownership interests.The Navios Revolving Loans II earn an 18.0% preferred distribution and are repaid from Free Cash Flow (as defined in the loan agreement) to the fullestextent possible at the end of each quarter. There are no covenant F-32 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) requirements or stated maturity dates. As of December 31, 2016, Navios Partners’ portion of the outstanding amount relating to portion of the investment inNavios Europe II (5.0% of the $14,000) was $700, under the caption “Investment in affiliates” and the outstanding amount relating to the Navios RevolvingLoans II capital was $1,221 (December 31, 2015: $771), under the caption “Loans receivable from affiliates”. The accrued interest income earned under theNavios Revolving Loans II was $288 under the caption “Balance due from related parties” and the accrued interest income earned under the Navios TermLoans II was $216 under the caption “Loans receivable from affiliates”. As of December 31, 2016, the amounts undrawn from the Navios Revolving Loans IIwas $14,075, of which Navios Partners’ portion was $704. As of December 31, 2015, the amount undrawn from the Navios Revolving Loans II was $23,075,of which Navios Partners’ portion was $1,154.Others: Navios Partners has entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Holdings (the “Partners Omnibus Agreement”) in connection with the closing ofNavios Partners’ IPO governing, among other things, when Navios Holdings and Navios Partners may compete against each other as well as rights of first offeron certain drybulk carriers. Pursuant to the Partners Omnibus Agreement, Navios Partners generally agreed not to acquire or own Panamax or Capesizedrybulk carriers under time charters of three or more years without the consent of an independent committee of Navios Partners. In addition, Navios Holdingshas agreed to offer to Navios Partners the opportunity to purchase vessels from Navios Holdings when such vessels are fixed under time charters of three ormore years.Navios Partners entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Acquisition and Navios Holdings (the “Acquisition Omnibus Agreement”) in connectionwith the closing of Navios Acquisition’s initial vessel acquisition, pursuant to which, among other things, Navios Holdings and Navios Partners agreed not toacquire, charter-in or own liquid shipment vessels, except for container vessels and vessels that are primarily employed in operations in South America,without the consent of an independent committee of Navios Acquisition. In addition, Navios Acquisition, under the Acquisition Omnibus Agreement, agreedto cause its subsidiaries not to acquire, own, operate or charter drybulk carriers subject to specific exceptions. Under the Acquisition Omnibus Agreement,Navios Acquisition and its subsidiaries granted to Navios Holdings and Navios Partners, a right of first offer on any proposed sale, transfer or otherdisposition of any of its drybulk carriers and related charters owned or acquired by Navios Acquisition. Likewise, Navios Holdings and Navios Partnersagreed to grant a similar right of first offer to Navios Acquisition for any liquid shipment vessels it might own. These rights of first offer will not apply to a(i) sale, transfer or other disposition of vessels between any affiliated subsidiaries, or pursuant to the terms of any charter or other agreement with acounterparty, or (ii) merger with or into, or sale of substantially all of the assets to, an unaffiliated third party.In connection with the Navios Maritime Midstream Partners L.P. (“Navios Midstream”) initial public offering and effective November 18, 2014, NaviosPartners entered into an omnibus agreement with Navios Midstream, Navios Acquisition and Navios Holdings pursuant to which Navios Acquisition, NaviosHoldings and Navios Partners have agreed not to acquire or own any VLCCs, crude oil tankers, refined petroleum product tankers, LPG tankers or chemicaltankers under time charters of five or more years and also providing rights of first offer on certain tanker vessels.On November 15, 2012 (as amended in March 2014), Navios Holdings and Navios Partners entered into an agreement (the “Navios Holdings Guarantee”) bywhich Navios Holdings will provide supplemental credit default insurance with a maximum cash payment of $20,000. During the year ended December 31,2016 and 2015, the Company submitted claims for charterers’ default under this agreement to Navios Holdings for a total amount of $9,153 and $3,605,respectively, net of applicable deductions, of which $9,635 and $3,795 was recorded as “Other income” for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively. F-33 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings held an 18.0% common unit interest in Navios Partners, represented by 15,344,310 common units and it also helda general partner interest of 2.0%.NOTE 19 – NOTES RECEIVABLEOn July 15, 2016, the Company entered into a charter restructuring agreement for the reduction of the hire rate for five Container vessels chartered out toHyundai Merchant Marine Co. (“HMM”) which resulted in a decrease in cash charter hire to be received of approximately $38,461. More specifically, thereduction of the hire rate will be applied as follows: • With effect from (and including) July 18, 2016 until (and including) December 31, 2019, hire rate shall be reduced to $24,400 per day pro rata. • With effect from (and including) January 1, 2020, hire rate shall be restored to the rate of $30,500 per day pro rata until redelivery.In exchange for the reduction of the hire rate, the Company received (i) $7,692 on principal amount of senior, unsecured notes, amortizing subject toavailable cash flows, accruing interest at 3% per annum payable on maturity in July 2024 and (ii) 3,657 freely tradable securities of HMM (publicly traded atthe Stock Market Division of the Korean Exchange).On July 18, 2016, the Company recognized the fair value of the HMM securities totaling $40,277 and also recognized the fair value of the senior unsecurednotes totaling $5,932. The total fair value of the non-cash compensation received was recognized as deferred revenue, which will be amortized over theremaining duration of the each time charter. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded an amount of $5,537 of deferred revenueamortization in the consolidated Statement of Operations under line “Time charter and voyage revenues”.As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding balances of the current and non-current portion of deferred revenue in relation to HMM amounted to $12,102 and$28,571, respectively.During August 2016, the Company sold all the shares for net proceeds on sale of $20,842 resulting in a loss on sale of $19,435, which was recorded under“Loss on sale of securities” in the consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 and the proceeds were classified as investingactivities in the consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company recognized non-cash interest income anddiscount unwinding totaling to $180 for these instruments under “Interest income” in the consolidated Statements of Operations for the year endedDecember 31, 2016.NOTE 20 – INVESTMENT IN NAVIOS EUROPE I AND NAVIOS EUROPE IINavios Europe I: On October 9, 2013, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe I and have ownership interests of47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively. On December 18, 2013, Navios Europe I acquired ten vessels for aggregate consideration consisting of: (i) cash (whichwas funded with the proceeds of senior loan facilities (the “Senior Loans I”) and loans aggregating $10,000 from Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition andNavios Partners (in each case, in proportion to their ownership interests in Navios Europe I) (collectively, the “Navios Term Loans I”) and (ii) the assumptionof a junior participating loan facility (the “Junior Loan I”). In addition to the Navios Term Loans I, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partnerswill also make available to Navios Europe I (in each case, in proportion to their ownership interests in Navios Europe I) revolving loans up to $24,100 tofund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans I”). F-34 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) On an ongoing basis, Navios Europe I is required to distribute cash flows (after payment of operating expenses and amounts due pursuant to the terms of theSenior Loans I and repayments of the Navios Revolving Loans I) according to a defined waterfall calculation. Navios Partners evaluated its investment inNavios Europe I under ASC 810 and concluded that Navios Europe I is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and that they are not the party most closelyassociated with Navios Europe I and, accordingly, is not the primary beneficiary of Navios Europe I. Navios Partners further evaluated its investment in thecommon stock of Navios Europe I under ASC 323 and concluded that it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financialpolicies of Navios Europe I and, therefore, its investment in Navios Europe I is accounted for under the equity method.As of December 31, 2016, the estimated maximum potential loss by Navios Partners in Navios Europe I would have been $1,390, which represents theCompany’s carrying value of the investment of $640 plus the Company’s balance of the Navios Revolving Loans I of $750 and did not include the undrawnportion of the Navios Revolving Loans I.As of December 31, 2016, the Navios Partners’ portion of the Navios Revolving Loan I outstanding was $750. Investment income of $74 was recognized inthe Statements of Operations under the caption of “Other income” for the year ended December 31, 2016. Investment income of $45 was recognized in theStatements of Operations under the caption of “Other income” for the year ended December 31, 2015.Navios Europe II: On February 18, 2015, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe II and have ownershipinterests of 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively. From June 8, 2015 through December 31, 2015, Navios Europe II acquired fourteen vessels for aggregateconsideration consisting of: (i) cash consideration of $145,550 (which was funded with the proceeds of a $131,550 senior loan facilities net of loan discountamounting to $3,375 (the “Senior Loans II”) and loans aggregating $14,000 from Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (in each case, inproportion to their ownership interests in Navios Europe II) (collectively, the “Navios Term Loans II”); and (ii) the assumption of a junior participating loanfacility (the “Junior Loan II”) with a face amount of $182,150 and fair value of $99,147, at the acquisition date. In addition to the Navios Term Loans II,Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will also make available to Navios Europe II (in each case, in proportion to their ownershipinterests in Navios Europe II) revolving loans up to $38,500 to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans II”).On an ongoing basis, Navios Europe II is required to distribute cash flows (after payment of operating expenses, amounts due pursuant to the terms of theSenior Loans and repayments of the Navios Revolving Loans II) according to a defined waterfall calculation. Navios Partners evaluated its investment inNavios Europe II under ASC 810 and concluded that Navios Europe II is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and that it is not the party most closely associatedwith Navios Europe II and, accordingly, is not the primary beneficiary of Navios Europe II. Navios Partners further evaluated its investment in the commonstock of Navios Europe II under ASC 323 and concluded that it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies ofNavios Europe II and, therefore, its investment in Navios Europe II is accounted for under the equity method.As of December 31, 2016, the estimated maximum potential loss by Navios Partners in Navios Europe II would have been $1,837, which represents theCompany’s carrying value of the investment of $616 plus the Company’s balance of the Navios Revolving Loans II of $1,221 and does not include theundrawn portion of the Navios Revolving Loans II.As of December 31, 2016, the Navios Partners’ portion of the Navios Revolvings Loan II outstanding was $1,221. Investment loss of $(133) was recognizedin the Statements of Operations under the caption of “Other F-35 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) income” for the year ended December 31, 2016. Investment income of $49 was recognized in the Statements of Operations under the caption of “Otherincome” for the year ended December 31, 2015.NOTE 21 – CASH DISTRIBUTIONS AND EARNINGS PER UNITNavios Partners intends to make distributions to the holders of common units on a quarterly basis, to the extent and as may be declared by the Board and tothe extent it has sufficient cash on hand to pay the distribution after the Company establishes cash reserves and pays fees and expenses. There is no guaranteethat Navios Partners will pay a quarterly distribution on the common units in any quarter. On February 3, 2016, Navios Partners announced that its board ofdirectors decided to suspend the quarterly cash distributions to its unitholders, including the distribution for the quarter ended December 31, 2015. Theamount of any distributions paid under Navios Partners’ policy and the decision to make any distribution is determined by its board of directors, taking intoconsideration the terms of its partnership agreement. The Company is prohibited from making any distributions to unitholders if it would cause an event ofdefault, or an event of default exists, under its existing credit facilities.There is incentive distribution rights held by the General Partner, which are analyzed as follows: Marginal PercentageInterest in Distributions Total Quarterly DistributionTarget Amount CommonUnitholders GeneralPartner Minimum Quarterly Distribution up to $0.35 98% 2% First Target Distribution up to $0.4025 98% 2% Second Target Distribution above $0.4025 up to $0.4375 85% 15% Third Target Distribution above $0.4375 up to $0.525 75% 25% Thereafter above $0.525 50% 50% The first 98% of the quarterly distribution is paid to all common units holders. The incentive distributions rights (held by the General Partner) apply onlyafter a minimum quarterly distribution of $0.4025.On January 24, 2014, the Board of Directors of Navios Partners authorized its quarterly cash distribution for the three month period ended December 31, 2013of $0.4425 per unit. The distribution was paid on February 14, 2014 to all holders of record of common and general partner units on February 10, 2014. Theaggregate amount of the declared distribution was $32,573.On April 25, 2014, the Board of Directors of Navios Partners authorized its quarterly cash distribution for the three month period ended March 31, 2014 of$0.4425 per unit. The distribution was paid on May 13, 2014 to all holders of record of common and general partner units on May 9, 2014. The aggregateamount of the declared distribution was $35,474.On July 24, 2014, the Board of Directors of Navios Partners authorized its quarterly cash distribution for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 of$0.4425 per unit. The distribution was paid on August 13, 2014 to all holders of record of common and general partner units on August 8, 2014. Theaggregate amount of the declared distribution was $35,474.On October 23, 2014, the Board of Directors of Navios Partners authorized its quarterly cash distribution for the three month period ended September 30,2014 of $0.4425 per unit. The distribution was paid on November 10, 2014 to all holders of record of common and general partner units on November 7,2014. The aggregate amount of the declared distribution was $35,474. F-36 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) On January 26, 2015, the Board of Directors of Navios Partners authorized its quarterly cash distribution for the three month period ended December 31, 2014of $0.4425 per unit. The distribution was paid on February 13, 2015 to all holders of record of common and general partner units on February 11, 2015,which included the unitholders participating in the February 2015 offering (See Note 13—Issuance of units). The aggregate amount of the declareddistribution was $38,097.On April 28, 2015, the Board of Directors of Navios Partners authorized its quarterly cash distribution for the three month period ended March 31, 2015 of$0.4425 per unit. The distribution was paid on May 14, 2015 to all holders of record of common and general partner units on May 13, 2015. The aggregateamount of the declared distribution was $38,097.On July 23, 2015, the Board of Directors of Navios Partners authorized its quarterly cash distribution for the three month period ended June 30, 2015 of$0.4425 per unit. The distribution was paid on August 14, 2015 to all holders of record of common and general partner units on August 13, 2015. Theaggregate amount of the declared distribution was $38,097.On November 3, 2015, the Board of Directors of Navios Partners authorized its quarterly cash distribution for the three month period ended September 30,2015 of $0.2125 per unit. The distribution was paid on November 13, 2015 to all holders of record of common and general partner units on November 12,2015. The aggregate amount of the declared distribution was $18,015.Navios Partners calculates earnings per unit by allocating reported net income for each period to each class of units based on the distribution waterfall foravailable cash specified in Navios Partners’ partnership agreement, net of the unallocated earnings (or losses). Basic earnings per unit is determined bydividing net income by the weighted average number of units outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per unit is calculated in the same manner asbasic earnings per unit, except that the weighted average number of outstanding units increased to include the dilutive effect of outstanding unit options orphantom units. Net loss per unit undistributed is determined by taking the distributions in excess of net income and allocating between common units andgeneral partner units on a 98%-2% basis. There were no options or phantom units outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.The calculations of the basic and diluted earnings per unit are presented below. Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Net (loss)/income $(52,549) $41,805 $74,853 Earnings attributable to: Common unit holders (51,498) 39,825 71,225 Weighted average units outstanding (basic and diluted) Common unit holders 83,107,066 82,437,128 76,587,656 Earnings per unit (basic and diluted): Common unit holders $(0.62) $0.48 $0.93 Earnings per unit — distributed (basic and diluted): Common unit holders $— $1.11 $1.79 Loss per unit — undistributed (basic and diluted): Common unit holders $(0.62) $(0.63) $(0.86) F-37 NAVIOS MARITIME PARTNERS L.P.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except unit and per unit data) NOTE 22 – OTHER INCOMEOn November 15, 2012 (as amended in March 2014), Navios Holdings and Navios Partners entered into an agreement by which Navios Holdings will providesupplemental credit default insurance with a maximum cash payment of $20,000. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Companysubmitted claims for charterers’ default under this agreement to Navios Holdings for a total amount of $9,635 and $3,795, which were recorded as “Otherincome”, respectively.On November 10, 2016, Navios Partners repaid $28,052 in cash for the settlement of a nominal amount of $30,192 of the July 2012 Credit Facility achievinga $2,140 gain on debt repayment.During the year ended December 31, 2014, Navios Partners received cash compensation of $17,779 from the sale of a defaulted counterparty claim to anunrelated third party. Navios Partners has no continuing obligation to provide any further services to the counterparty and has therefore recognized the entirecompensation received immediately in the Statements of Operations within the caption of “Other income”.As of March 25, 2014, the Company terminated the amended credit default insurance policy. In connection with the termination, Navios Partners receivedcompensation of $30,956 (which was received in April 2014). From the total compensation, $1,170 was recorded immediately in the Statements ofOperations within the caption of “Revenue”, which represents reimbursements for insurance claims submitted for the period prior to the date of thetermination and the remaining amount of $29,786 was recorded immediately in the Statements of Operations within the caption of “Other income”. TheCompany has no future requirement to repay any of the lump sum cash payment back to the insurance company or provide any further services.NOTE 23 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTSOn February 21, 2017, Navios Holdings has agreed to sell to Navios Partners certain loans previously funded by Navios Holdings to Navios Europe Inc. for$27,000, subject to signing of definitive documentation. Navios Partners may require Navios Holdings, under certain conditions, to repurchase the loans afterthe third anniversary of the date of the sale based on the then outstanding balance of the loans.On March 6, 2017, Navios Partners announced the issuance of a new $405,000 Term Loan B facility. The Term Loan B facility bears an interest rate ofLIBOR +500 basis points and has a three and a half year term. The Term Loan B facility is secured by first priority mortgages covering certain vessels ownedby subsidiaries of Navios Partners, in addition to other collateral, and guaranteed by each subsidiary of Navios Partners.Navios Partners intends to use the net proceeds of the Term Loan B facility to: (i) to refinance the existing Term Loan B; and (ii) to pay fees and expensesrelated to the term loans. The issuance of the new Term Loan B facility is subject to signing of definitive documentation.On January 12, 2017, in connection to the sale of the MSC Cristina, Navios Partners fully repaid the outstanding balance of $70,950 of the April 2015 CreditFacility.On January 12, 2017, Navios Partners fully repaid the outstanding balance of $29,000 of the June 2016 Credit Facility.In January 2017, Navios Partners agreed to sell the Navios Apollon, a 2000 Ultra-Handymax vessel of 52,073 dwt to an unrelated third party, for a total netsale price of $4,750. Delivery is expected by April 2017. F-38 Exhibit 15.5NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATION REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM F-2 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AT DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 F-3 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 F-4 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 F-5 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR EACH OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 F-6 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-7 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Shareholders and Board of Directors ofNavios Maritime Acquisition Corporation:In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in equity, and cash flowspresent fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) at December31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in conformitywith accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’smanagement. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements inaccordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform theaudit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made bymanagement, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A.Athens, GreeceApril 5, 2017 F-2 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share data) Notes December 31,2016 December 31,2015 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 3 $49,292 $54,805 Restricted cash 3 7,366 6,840 Accounts receivable, net 4 20,933 14,202 Due from related parties, short term 15 25,047 17,837 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 4,644 3,665 Total current assets 107,282 97,349 Vessels, net 5 1,306,923 1,441,635 Goodwill 7 1,579 1,579 Other long-term assets 900 1,920 Deferred dry dock and special survey costs, net 10,172 10,326 Investment in affiliates 8,15 196,695 204,808 Due from related parties, long-term 8,15 80,068 16,474 Total non-current assets 1,596,337 1,676,742 Total assets $1,703,619 $1,774,091 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable 9 $4,855 $2,753 Accrued expenses 11 11,047 9,802 Deferred revenue 8,519 7,600 Current portion of long-term debt, net of deferred finance costs 12 55,000 62,643 Total current liabilities 79,421 82,798 Long-term debt, net of current portion, premium and net of deferred finance costs 12 1,040,938 1,134,940 Deferred gain on sale of assets 5,15 7,829 8,982 Total non-current liabilities 1,048,767 1,143,922 Total liabilities $1,128,188 $1,226,720 Commitments and contingencies 16 — — Puttable common stock 250,000 and 650,000 shares issued and outstanding with $2,500 and $6,500 redemption amountas of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively 17 2,500 6,500 Stockholders’ equity Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,000 series C shares and 4,000 series A and C sharesissued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively 17 — — Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 150,582,990 and 149,782,990 issued and outstanding asof December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively 17 15 15 Additional paid-in capital 17 541,720 540,856 Retained Earnings 31,196 — Total stockholders’ equity 572,931 540,871 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $1,703,619 $1,774,091 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-3 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars- except share and per share data) Notes Year endedDecember 31,2016 Year endedDecember 31,2015 Year endedDecember 31,2014 Revenue $290,245 $313,396 $264,877 Time charter and voyage expenses (4,980) (4,492) (5,187) Direct vessel expenses 15 (3,567) (1,532) (1,979) Management fees (entirely through related party transactions) 15 (97,866) (95,336) (95,827) General and administrative expenses 15,17 (17,057) (15,532) (14,588) Depreciation and amortization 5,6 (57,617) (57,623) (67,718) Interest income 4,767 1,683 720 Interest expenses and finance cost 12 (75,987) (73,561) (78,610) Impairment loss 5 — — (11,690) Gain on sale of vessels 5,15 11,749 5,771 22,599 Change in fair value of other assets — — (1,188) Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies 8 15,499 18,436 2,000 Other income 377 41 280 Other expense (2,685) (1,514) (642) Net income $62,878 $89,737 $13,047 Dividend on preferred shares Series B — (78) (108) Dividend on preferred shares Series D — (281) (642) Dividend on restricted shares (105) (245) (385) Undistributed income attributable to Series C participating preferred shares (3,058) (4,337) (541) Net income attributable to common stockholders, basic 19 $59,715 $84,796 $11,371 Plus: Dividend on preferred shares Series B — 78 — Dividend on preferred shares Series D — 281 — Dividend on restricted shares 105 245 — Undistributed income attributable to Series C participating preferred shares — — 541 Net income attributable to common stockholders, diluted 19 59,820 85,400 $11,912 Net income per share, basic 19 $0.40 $0.57 $0.08 Weighted average number of shares, basic 149,932,713 150,025,086 147,606,448 Net income per share, diluted 19 $0.40 $0.56 $0.08 Weighted average number of shares, diluted 150,736,156 153,300,395 156,482,448 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-4 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) Notes Year endedDecember 31,2016 Year endedDecember 31,2015 Year endedDecember 31,2014 Operating Activities Net income $62,878 $89,737 $13,047 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 5,6 57,617 57,623 67,718 Amortization and write-off of deferred finance fees and bond premium 12 3,656 3,495 9,111 Gain on debt repayment (350) — — Amortization of dry dock and special survey costs 2,837 1,532 1,979 Stock based compensation 17 864 2,362 5,254 Impairment loss 5 — — 11,690 Gain on sale of vessels 5 (11,749) (5,771) (22,599) Change in fair value of other assets — — 1,188 Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of dividends received 8 (1,438) (3,821) (2,000) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: (Increase)/ decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets (479) 5,067 (5,287) (Increase)/ decrease in accounts receivable (6,731) 4,367 (9,308) Increase in due from related parties short-term (7,210) — — Decrease/ (increase) in restricted cash 224 (41) 642 Decrease/ (increase) in other long term assets 1,020 (1,230) 3,665 Increase in accounts payable 2,102 1,246 254 Increase/ (decrease) in accrued expenses 1,245 (293) (1,640) Payments for dry dock and special survey costs (3,828) (6,598) (5,726) (Decrease)/ increase in due to related parties — (17,763) 15,014 Increase in due from related parties long-term (7,638) (16,476) (1,361) (Decrease)/ increase in deferred revenue (75) 6,200 (5,656) Net cash provided by operating activities $92,945 $119,636 $75,985 Investing Activities Acquisition of vessels 5 — (163,791) (362,339) Deposits for vessel acquisitions 5 — — (11,881) Net cash proceeds from sale of vessels 5,8 89,988 71,224 232,956 Investment in affiliates (89) (7,201) — Loans receivable from affiliates (4,275) (7,327) (4,465) Loan receivable from affiliate, net of issuance fee and costs 15 (49,342) — — Dividends received from affiliates 7,223 2,585 — Net cash provided by/ (used in) investing activities $43,505 $(104,510) $(145,729) Financing Activities Loan proceeds, net of deferred finance costs and net of premium 12 — 192,930 161,932 Loan proceeds from related party, net of deferred finance cost — — 165,650 Loan repayment to related party — — (169,650) Loan repayments 12 (105,531) (140,861) (216,197) Proceeds from issuance of ship mortgage and senior notes, net of debt issuance costs 12 — — 59,598 Dividend paid 10 (31,682) (40,084) (31,871) (Increase)/ decrease in restricted cash (750) (130) 17,651 Payment to related party 15 — (11,265) — Net proceeds from equity offerings 17 — — 54,289 Redemption of Convertible shares and puttable common stock 17 (4,000) (5,500) — Acquisition of treasury stock 17 — (9,904) — Net cash (used in)/ provided by financing activities $(141,963) $(14,814) $41,402 Net (decrease)/ increase in cash and cash equivalents (5,513) 312 (28,342) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 54,805 54,493 82,835 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $49,292 $54,805 $54,493 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash interest paid, net of capitalized interest $72,478 $70,130 $69,255 Non-cash investing activities Capitalized financing costs $— $19 $355 Common units received upon sale of vessels $— $— $18,640 Investment in affiliates received upon sale of vessels $— $27,111 $145,860 Accrued interest on loan to affiliates $3,498 $1,357 $645 Deferred gain on sale of assets $8,823 $8,971 $— Non-cash financing activities Dividends payable $— $— $7,967 Acquisition of vessels $— $(914) $(3,885) Deposits for vessel acquisitions $— $— $(1,201) Due to related party $— $(914) $5,086 Stock-based compensation $864 $2,362 $5,254 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-5 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share data) Preferred Stock Common Stock AccumulatedDeficit/RetainedEarnings Note Number ofPreferredShares Amount Number ofCommonShares Amount AdditionalPaid-inCapital TotalStockholders’Equity Balance, December 31, 2013 4,540 $— 136,714,942 $13 $530,203 $(79,394) $450,822 Issuance of common shares 17 — — 14,950,000 2 54,287 — 54,289 Stock-based compensation 17 — — — — 5,254 — 5,254 Dividend paid/declared 10 — — — — (32,619) — (32,619) Net income — — — — — 13,047 13,047 Balance, December 31, 2014 (Revised) 4,540 $— 151,664,942 $15 $557,125 $(66,347) $490,793 Conversion of preferred stock into puttable commonstock 17 — — 800,000 — — — — Redemption of puttable common stock 17 — — (150,000) — — — — Conversion of preferred stock into common stock 17 (540) — 172,800 — — — — Acquisition of treasury stock 17 — — (2,704,752) — (9,904) — (9,904) Stock- based compensation 17 — — — — 2,362 — 2,362 Dividend paid/ declared 10 — — — — (8,727) (23,390) (32,117) Net income — — — — — 89,737 89,737 Balance, December 31, 2015 4,000 $— 149,782,990 $15 $540,856 $— $540,871 Redemption of puttable common stock 17 — — (400,000) — — — — Conversion of Series A preferred stock into commonstock 17 (3,000) — 1,200,000 — — — — Stock-based compensation 17 — — — — 864 — 864 Dividend paid/ declared 10 — — — — — (31,682) (31,682) Net income — — — — — 62,878 62,878 Balance, December 31, 2016 1,000 $— 150,582,990 $15 $541,720 $31,196 $572,931 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-6 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data)NOTE 1: DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONSNavios Maritime Acquisition Corporation (“Navios Acquisition” or the “Company”) (NYSE: NNA) owns a large fleet of modern crude oil, refinedpetroleum product and chemical tankers providing world-wide marine transportation services. The Company’s strategy is to charter its vessels tointernational oil companies, refiners and large vessel operators under long, medium and short-term charters. The Company is committed to providing qualitytransportation services and developing and maintaining long-term relationships with its customers. The operations of Navios Acquisition are managed by asubsidiary of Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (“Navios Holdings”).Navios Acquisition was incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands on March 14, 2008. On July 1, 2008, Navios Acquisition completed itsinitial public offering (“IPO”). On May 28, 2010, Navios Acquisition consummated the vessel acquisition which constituted its initial business combination.Following such transaction, Navios Acquisition commenced its operations as an operating company.In November 2014, Navios Maritime Midstream Partners L.P. (“Navios Midstream”), a company formed as a subsidiary of Navios Acquisition,completed an IPO of its units in the United States and is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “NAP”.In connection with the IPO of Navios Midstream, the Company sold all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of four of its vessel-owningsubsidiaries (Shinyo Ocean Limited, Shinyo Kannika Limited, Shinyo Kieran Limited and Shinyo Saowalak Limited) in exchange for: (i) all of the estimatednet proceeds from the IPO amounting to $110,403; (ii) $104,451 of the $126,000 of borrowings under Navios Midstream’s credit facility with Credit Suisse;(iii) 9,342,692 subordinated units and 1,242,692 common units; and (iv) 381,334 general partner units, representing a 2.0% general partner interest in NaviosMidstream, and all of the incentive distribution rights in Navios Midstream, to the general partner of Navios Midstream.Following the IPO, the Company concluded that it does not hold a controlling financial interest in Navios Midstream and deconsolidated the vesselssold as of the IPO date. (Refer to Note 8, “Investment in affiliates”).In June 2015, Navios Midstream exercised its option to acquire the shares of the vessel-owning subsidiaries of the Nave Celeste and the C. Dream fromNavios Acquisition for an aggregate purchase price of $100,000. The aggregate purchase price consisted of 1,592,920 of Subordinated Series A Units, issuedto Navios Acquisition and $73,000 cash consideration.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Holdings had 43.4% of the voting power and 46.1% of the economic interest in Navios Acquisition.As of December 31, 2016, Navios Acquisition had outstanding: 150,582,990 shares of common stock and 1,000 shares of Series C ConvertiblePreferred Stock held by Navios Holdings.NOTE 2: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES(a) Basis of presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generallyaccepted in the United States of America (GAAP).(b) Principles of consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Navios Acquisition, a Marshall Islandscorporation, and its majority owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidatedstatements. F-7 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) The Company also consolidates entities that are determined to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) as defined in the accounting guidance, if itdetermines that it is the primary beneficiary. A variable interest entity is defined as a legal entity where either (a) equity interest holders as a group lack thecharacteristics of a controlling financial interest, including decision making ability and an interest in the entity’s residual risks and rewards, or (b) the equityholders have not provided sufficient equity investment to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or(c) the voting rights of some investors are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity, their rights to receive the expectedresidual returns of the entity, or both and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that hasdisproportionately few voting rights.Based on internal forecasts and projections that take into account reasonably possible changes in our trading performance, management believes thatthe Company has adequate financial resources to continue in operation and meet its financial commitments, including but not limited to capital expendituresand debt service obligations, for a period of at least twelve months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, theCompany continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.(c) Equity method investments: Affiliates are entities over which the Company generally has between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, or over whichthe Company has significant influence, but it does not exercise control. Investments in these entities are accounted for under the equity method ofaccounting. Under this method, the Company records an investment in the stock of an affiliate at cost, and adjusts the carrying amount for its share of theearnings or losses of the affiliate subsequent to the date of investment and reports the recognized earnings or losses in income. Dividends received from anaffiliate reduce the carrying amount of the investment. The Company recognizes gains and losses in earnings for the issuance of shares by its affiliates,provided that the issuance of such shares qualifies as a sale of such shares. When the Company’s share of losses in an affiliate equals or exceeds its interest inthe affiliate, the Company does not recognize further losses, unless the Company has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the affiliate.Navios Acquisition evaluates its equity method investments, for other than temporary impairment, on a quarterly basis. Consideration is given to(1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the carrying value, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects and(3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.(d) Subsidiaries: Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company has an interest of more than one half of the voting rights and/or otherwise haspower to govern the financial and operating policies. The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries if deemed tobe a business combination. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given up, shares issued or liabilities undertaken at the date ofacquisition. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. F-8 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) As of December 31, 2016, the entities included in these consolidated financial statements were: Navios Maritime AcquisitionCorporation and Subsidiaries: Nature Country ofIncorporation 2016 2015 2014 Company Name Aegean Sea Maritime Holdings Inc. Sub-Holding Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Amorgos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Andros Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Antikithira Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Antiparos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Amindra Navigation Co. Sub-Holding Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Crete Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Folegandros Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Ikaria Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Ios Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Cayman Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Kithira Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Kos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Mytilene Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation Holding Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Navios Acquisition Finance (U.S.) Inc. Co-Issuer Delaware 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Rhodes Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Serifos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Shinyo Dream Limited Vessel-Owning Company(3) Hong Kong — 1/1 - 6/17 1/1 - 12/31 Shinyo Kannika Limited Vessel-Owning Company(3) Hong Kong — — 1/1 - 11/17 Shinyo Kieran Limited Vessel-Owning Company(3) British Virgin Is — — 1/1 - 11/17 Shinyo Loyalty Limited Vessel-Owning Company(1) Hong Kong 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Shinyo Navigator Limited Vessel-Owning Company(2) Hong Kong 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Shinyo Ocean Limited Vessel-Owning Company(3) Hong Kong — — 1/1 - 11/17 Shinyo Saowalak Limited Vessel-Owning Company(3) British Virgin Is. — — 1/1 - 11/17 Sifnos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Skiathos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Skopelos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Cayman Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Syros Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Thera Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Tinos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Oinousses Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Psara Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Antipsara Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Samothrace Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Thasos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Limnos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Skyros Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Alonnisos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company(4) Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Makronisos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company(4) Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Iraklia Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Paxos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company(5) Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Antipaxos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Donoussa Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company(6) Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Schinousa Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company(7) Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Navios Acquisition Europe Finance Inc Sub-Holding Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 F-9 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Navios Maritime AcquisitionCorporation and Subsidiaries: Nature Country ofIncorporation 2016 2015 2014 Sikinos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company(3) Marshall Is. — 1/1 - 6/17 1/1 - 12/31 Kerkyra Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Lefkada Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Zakynthos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 Leros Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 4/4 - 12/31 Kimolos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 4/29 - 12/31 Samos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 9/15 - 12/31 Tilos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 10/9 - 12/31 — Delos Shipping Corporation Vessel-Owning Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 10/9 - 12/31 — Navios Maritime Midstream Partners GP LLC Holding Company Marshall Is. 1/1 - 12/31 1/1 - 12/31 10/13 - 12/31 (1)Former vessel-owner of the Shinyo Splendor which was sold to an unaffiliated third party on May 6, 2014.(2)Former vessel-owner of the Shinyo Navigator which was sold to an unaffiliated third party on December 6, 2013.(3)Navios Midstream acquired all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the vessel-owning subsidiary.(4)Each company had the rights over a shipbuilding contract of an MR2 product tanker vessel. In February 2015, these shipbuilding contracts wereterminated, with no exposure to Navios Acquisition, due to the shipyard’s inability to issue a refund guarantee.(5)Former vessel-owner of the Nave Lucida which was sold to an unaffiliated third party on January 27, 2016.(6)Former vessel-owner of the Nave Universe which was sold to an unaffiliated third party on October 4, 2016(7)Former vessel-owner of the Nave Constellation which was sold to an unaffiliated third party on November 15, 2016(e) Use of estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates andassumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the financialstatements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an on-going basis, management evaluates the estimates andjudgments, including those related to uncompleted voyages, future drydock dates, the selection of useful lives for tangible assets and scrap value, expectedfuture cash flows from long-lived assets to support impairment tests, provisions necessary for accounts receivables, provisions for legal disputes andcontingencies and the valuations estimates inherent in the deconsolidation gain. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience andon various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about thecarrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates under differentassumptions and/or conditions.(f) Cash and Cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, deposits held on call with banks, and other short-term liquidinvestments with original maturities of three months or less.(g) Restricted Cash: As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, restricted cash consisted of $7,366 and $6,840, respectively, which related to amounts held inretention account in order to service debt and interest payments, as required by certain of Navios Acquisition’s credit facilities.(h) Accounts Receivable, net: The amount shown as accounts receivable, net at each balance sheet date includes receivables from charterers for hire,freight and demurrage billings, net of a provision for doubtful F-10 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) accounts. At each balance sheet date, all potentially uncollectible accounts are assessed individually for purposes of determining the appropriate provisionfor doubtful accounts.(i) Other long term assets: As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the amounts shown as other long term assets reflected the advances of $900 and $1,920,respectively, to certain unrelated counterparties for working capital purposes as per charters entered with them.(j) Vessels, net: Vessels are stated at historical cost, which consists of the contract price, delivery and acquisition expenses and capitalized interest costswhile under construction. Vessels acquired in an asset acquisition or in a business combination are recorded at fair value. Subsequent expenditures for majorimprovements and upgrading are capitalized, provided they appreciably extend the life, increase the earning capacity or improve the efficiency or safety ofthe vessels. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.Depreciation is computed using the straight line method over the useful life of the vessels, after considering the estimated residual value. Managementestimates the residual values of our tanker vessels based on a scrap value cost of steel times the weight of the ship noted in lightweight ton (LWT). Residualvalues are periodically reviewed and revised to recognize changes in conditions, new regulations or other reasons. Revisions of residual values affect thedepreciable amount of the vessels and affects depreciation expense in the period of the revision and future periods. The management after considering currentmarket trends for scrap rates and 10-year average historical scrap rates of the residual values of the Company’s vessels, estimates scrap value at a rate of $360per LWT.Management estimates the useful life of our vessels to be 25 years from the vessel’s original construction. However, when regulations place limitationsover the ability of a vessel to trade on a worldwide basis, its useful life is re-estimated to end at the date such regulations become effective.(k) Vessels held for sale: Vessels are classified as “Vessels held for sale” when all of the following criteria are met: management has committed to aplan to sell the vessel; the vessel is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of vessels;an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the vessel have been initiated; the sale of the vessel is probableand transfer of the vessel is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year; the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price thatis reasonable in relation to its current fair value and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan willbe made or that the plan will be withdrawn. Vessels classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.These vessels are not depreciated once they meet the criteria to be held for sale.(l) Deposits for vessels acquisitions: This represents amounts paid by the Company in accordance with the terms of the purchase agreements for theconstruction of long-lived fixed assets. Interest costs incurred during the construction (until the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use)are capitalized. Capitalized interest amounted to $0, $104 and $3,290 as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.(m) Impairment of long-lived asset group: Vessels, other fixed assets and other long-lived assets held and used by Navios Acquisition are reviewedperiodically for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular asset may not be fullyrecoverable. Navios Acquisition’s management evaluates the carrying amounts and periods over which long-lived assets are depreciated to determine ifevents or changes in circumstances have occurred that would require modification to their carrying values or useful lives. In evaluating useful lives andcarrying values of long-lived assets, certain F-11 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) indicators of potential impairment are reviewed such as, undiscounted projected operating cash flows, vessel sales and purchases, business plans and overallmarket conditions.Undiscounted projected net operating cash flows are determined for each asset group (consisting of the individual vessel and the intangible, if any,with respect to the time charter agreement attached to that vessel) and compared to the vessel carrying value and related carrying value of the intangible withrespect to the time charter agreement attached to that vessel or the carrying value of deposits for newbuildings, if any. Within the shipping industry, vesselsare often bought and sold with a charter attached. The value of the charter may be favorable or unfavorable when comparing the charter rate to then currentmarket rates. The loss recognized either on impairment (or on disposition) will reflect the excess of carrying value over fair value (selling price) for the vesselindividual asset group.As of March 31, 2014, the Company had a current expectation that, more likely than not, the Shinyo Splendor would be sold before the end of itspreviously estimated useful life, and, as a result, performed an impairment test of the specific asset group. The recoverability test was based on undiscountedcash flows expected to result from the entity’s use and eventual disposition of the asset. The significant factors and assumptions used in the undiscountedprojected net operating cash flow analysis included determining the net operating cash flows by considering the charter revenues from the existing timecharter until its expiration, net of brokerage and address commissions and management fees and an estimate of sale proceeds from its disposal based onmarket valuations for such vessel. The carrying amount of the asset group was more than its undiscounted future cash flows. As a result, the entity failed therecoverability test (step one) of the impairment test and proceeded with step two of the impairment analysis. An impairment loss in the amount of $10,718was recognized on this asset group as the carrying amount of the asset group was not recoverable and exceeded its fair value as of March 31, 2014. TheShinyo Splendor was sold on May 6, 2014 to an unaffiliated third party for a net cash consideration of $18,315 (refer to Note 5 “Vessels, Net”).During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, management concluded that, although market rates were at healthy levels during the year, events occurred andcircumstances had changed, over previous years, which indicated the potential impairment of Navios Acquisition’s long-lived assets may exist. Theseindicators included continued volatility in the charter market and the related impact of the tanker sector has on management’s expectation for futurerevenues. As a result, an impairment assessment of long-lived assets or identified asset groups was performed.The Company determined undiscounted projected net operating cash flows for each vessel and compared it to the vessel’s carrying value together withthe carrying value of the related intangible. The significant factors and assumptions used in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow analysisincluded: determining the projected net operating cash flows by considering the charter revenues from existing time charters for the fixed fleet days(Company’s remaining charter agreement rates) and an estimated daily time charter equivalent for the unfixed days (based on the 10- year average historicalone year time charter rates) over the remaining economic life of each vessel, net of brokerage and address commissions, excluding days of scheduled off-hires,management fees fixed until May 2018 and thereafter assuming an annual increase of 3.0% and utilization rate of 99.7% based on the fleet historicalperformance.The assessment concluded that step two of the impairment analysis was not required and no impairment of vessels, existed as of December 31, 2016, asthe undiscounted projected net operating cash flows exceeded the carrying value.In the event that impairment would occur, the fair value of the related asset would be determined and a charge would be recognized in the statements ofincome calculated by comparing the asset’s carrying value to its F-12 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) fair value. Fair value is estimated primarily through the use of third-party valuations performed on an individual vessel basis.Although management believes the underlying assumptions supporting this assessment are reasonable, if charter rate trends and the length of thecurrent market downturn vary significantly from our forecasts, management may be required to perform step two of the impairment analysis in the future thatcould expose Navios Acquisition to material impairment charges in the future.Impairment loss recognized amounted to $0, $0 and $10,718 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.(n) Deferred Finance Costs: Deferred finance costs include fees, commissions and legal expenses associated with obtaining loan facilities and arepresented as a deduction from the corresponding liability, consistent with debt discount. These costs are amortized over the life of the related debt using theeffective interest rate method, and are included in interest expense. Amortization of deferred finance costs for each of the years ended December 31, 2016,2015 and 2014 was $3,501, $3,183 and $7,275, respectively.(o) Goodwill: Goodwill acquired in a business combination is not to be amortized. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at leastannually and written down with a charge to the statements of income if the carrying amount exceeds the estimated implied fair value.The Company evaluates impairment of goodwill using a two-step process. First, the aggregate fair value of the reporting unit is compared to itscarrying amount, including goodwill. The Company determines the fair value of the reporting unit based on a combination of discounted cash flow analysisand an industry market multiple.If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, no impairment exists. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, then theCompany must perform the second step in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill and compare it with its carrying amount.The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all the assets and liabilities of that unit, as if the unit hadbeen acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the unit was the purchase price. If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the implied fairvalue, then goodwill impairment is recognized by writing the goodwill down to its implied fair value.Navios Acquisition has one reporting unit. No impairment loss was recognized for any of the periods presented.(p) Intangibles other than goodwill: Navios Acquisition’s intangible assets and liabilities consisted of favorable lease terms and unfavorable leaseterms. When intangible assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition of a vessel are identified, they are recorded at fair value. Fair value is determinedby reference to market data and the discounted amount of expected future cash flows. Where charter rates are higher than market charter rates, an asset isrecorded, being the difference between the acquired charter rate and the market charter rate for an equivalent vessel. Where charter rates are less than marketcharter rates, a liability is recorded, being the difference between the assumed charter rate and the market charter rate for an equivalent vessel. Thedetermination of the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities requires us to make significant assumptions and estimates of many variablesincluding market charter rates, expected future charter rates, the level of utilization of its vessels and its weighted average cost of capital. The use of differentassumptions could result in a material change in the fair value of these items, which could have a material impact on Navios Acquisition’s financial positionand results of operations. F-13 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) The amortizable value of favorable and unfavorable leases is amortized over the remaining life of the lease term and the amortization expense isincluded in the statements of income in the depreciation and amortization line item. The amortizable value of favorable leases would be considered impairedif their fair market values could not be recovered from the future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset. If a vessel purchase option is exercisedthe portion of this asset will be capitalized as part of the cost of the vessel and will be depreciated over the remaining useful life of the vessel. As ofDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, Navios Acquisition did not have any intangible assets or liabilities.Management, after considering various indicators performed impairment tests on asset groups which included intangible assets and liabilities asdescribed in paragraph (l) above. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there was no impairment of intangible assets.(q) Preferred shares Series D: Navios Acquisition issued shares of its authorized Series D Preferred Stock (nominal and fair value $12,000) to ashipyard, in partial settlement of the purchase price of its newbuild vessels. The preferred stock contains a 6% per annum dividend payable quarterly, startingone year after delivery of the vessel. The Series D Preferred Stock mandatorily converted into shares of common stock 30 months after issuance at a price pershare of common stock equal to $10.00. The holder of the preferred stock had the right to convert the shares of preferred stock into common stock prior to thescheduled maturity dates at a price of $7.00 per share of common stock. The preferred stock did not have any voting rights. Navios Acquisition was obligatedto redeem the Series D Preferred Stock (or converted common shares) at holder’s option exercisable beginning on 18 months after issuance, at par payable atup to 12 equal quarterly installments.The fair value of the series D Preferred Stock, was determined using a combination of Black Scholes model and discounted projected cash flows for theconversion option and put, respectively. The model used took into account the credit spread of Navios Acquisition, the volatility of its stock, as well as theprice of its stock at the issuance date. The convertible preferred stock was classified as temporary equity (i.e., apart from permanent equity) as a result of theredemption feature upon exercise of the put option granted to the holder of the preferred stock.(r) Investments in Equity Securities: Navios Acquisition evaluates its investments in Navios Midstream, Navios Europe I Inc. (“Navios Europe I”) andNavios Europe II Inc. (“Navios Europe II”) for OTTI on a quarterly basis. Consideration is given to (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair valuehas been less than the carrying value, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of Navios Midstream, Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II, and(iii) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in Navios Midstream, Navios Europe I and Navios Europe II for a period of time sufficientto allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.(s) Deferred Dry dock and Special Survey Costs: Navios Acquisition’s vessels are subject to regularly scheduled drydocking and special surveys whichare carried out every 30 or 60 months to coincide with the renewal of the related certificates issued by the classification societies, unless a further extension isobtained in rare cases and under certain conditions. The costs of drydocking and special surveys is deferred and amortized over the above periods or to thenext drydocking or special survey date if such has been determined. Unamortized drydocking or special survey costs of vessels sold are written off to incomein the year the vessel is sold.Costs capitalized as part of the drydocking or special survey consist principally of the actual costs incurred at the yard, spare parts, paints, lubricantsand services incurred solely during the drydocking or special survey period. For each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, theamortization expense was $2,837, $1,532 and $1,979, respectively. Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $4,995 and$2,222, respectively. F-14 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) (t) Foreign currency translation: Navios Acquisition’s functional and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Navios Acquisition engages in worldwidecommerce with a variety of entities. Although, its operations may expose it to certain levels of foreign currency risk, its transactions are predominantly U.S.dollar denominated. Additionally, Navios Acquisition’s wholly owned vessel subsidiaries transacted a nominal amount of their operations in Euros; however,all of the subsidiaries’ primary cash flows are U.S. dollar-denominated. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are translated at theexchange rate in effect at the date of each transaction. Differences in exchange rates during the period between the date a transaction denominated in aforeign currency is consummated and the date on which it is either settled or translated, are recognized in the statements of income.(u) Provisions: Navios Acquisition, in the ordinary course of its business, is subject to various claims, suits and complaints. Management, inconsultation with internal and external advisors, will provide for a contingent loss in the financial statements if the contingency had been incurred at the dateof the financial statements and the amount of the loss was probable and can be reasonably estimated. If Navios Acquisition has determined that thereasonable estimate of the loss is a range and there is no best estimate within the range, Navios Acquisition will provide the lower amount of the range.Navios Acquisition, through the Management Agreement with the Manager, participates in Protection and Indemnity (P&I) insurance coverage plansprovided by mutual insurance societies known as P&I clubs. Services such as the ones described above are provided by the Manager under the ManagementAgreement dated May 28, 2010 as recently amended in May 2016, and are included as part of the daily fee of $6.35 for each MR2 product tanker andchemical tanker vessel, $7.15 per LR1 product tanker vessel and $9.5 per VLCC vessel. (See Note 15).(v) Segment Reporting: Navios Acquisition reports financial information and evaluates its operations by charter revenues and not by the length of shipemployment for its customers or vessel type. Navios Acquisition does not use discrete financial information to evaluate operating results for each type ofcharter. Management does not identify expenses, profitability or other financial information by charter type. As a result, management reviews operatingresults solely by revenue per day and operating results of the fleet and thus Navios Acquisition has determined that it operates under one reportable segment.(w) Revenue and Expense Recognition:Revenue Recognition: Revenue is recorded when services are rendered, under a signed charter agreement or other evidence of an arrangement, the priceis fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Revenue is generated from the voyage charter and the time charter of vessels.Voyage revenues for the transportation of cargo are recognized ratably over the estimated relative transit time of each voyage. Voyage expenses arerecognized as incurred. A voyage is deemed to commence when a vessel is available for loading and is deemed to end upon the completion of the dischargeof the current cargo. Estimated losses on voyages are provided for in full at the time such losses become evident. Under a voyage charter, a vessel is providedfor the transportation of specific goods between specific ports in return for payment of an agreed upon freight per ton of cargo.Revenues from time chartering of vessels are accounted for as operating leases and are thus recognized on a straight-line basis as the average revenueover the rental periods of such charter agreements, as service is performed. A time charter involves placing a vessel at the charterers’ disposal for a period oftime during which the charterer uses the vessel in return for the payment of a specified daily hire rate. Under time charters, operating costs such as for crews,maintenance and insurance are typically paid by the owner of the vessel. F-15 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Profit-sharing revenues are calculated at an agreed percentage of the excess of the charterer’s average daily income (calculated on a quarterly or half-yearly basis) over an agreed amount and accounted for on an accrual basis based on provisional amounts and for those contracts that provisional accrualscannot be made due to the nature of the profit share elements, these are accounted for on the actual cash settlement. Profit sharing for the years endedDecember 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 amounted to $7,603, $32,060 and $6,710, respectively.Revenues are recorded net of address commissions. Address commissions represent a discount provided directly to the charterers based on a fixedpercentage of the agreed upon charter or freight rate. Since address commissions represent a discount (sales incentive) on services rendered by the Companyand no identifiable benefit is received in exchange for the consideration provided to the charterer, these commissions are presented as a reduction of revenue.Pooling arrangements: For vessels operating in pooling arrangements, the Company earns a portion of total revenues generated by the pool, net ofexpenses incurred by the pool. The amount allocated to each pool participant vessel, including the Company’s vessels, is determined in accordance with anagreed-upon formula, which is determined by the margins awarded to each vessel in the pool based on the vessel’s age, design and other performancecharacteristics. Revenue under pooling arrangements is accounted for on the accrual basis and is recognized when an agreement with the pool exists, price isfixed, service is provided and the collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue for vessels operating in pooling arrangements amounted to $50,832, $43,406and $16,974, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.The allocation of such net revenue may be subject to future adjustments by the pool however, such changes are not expected to be material.Time Charter and Voyage Expenses: Time charter and voyage expenses comprise all expenses related to each particular voyage, including timecharter hire paid and bunkers, port charges, canal tolls, cargo handling, agency fees and brokerage commissions. Time charter expenses are expensed over theperiod of the time charter and voyage expenses are recognized as incurred.Direct Vessel Expense: Direct vessel expenses comprise of the amortization of drydock and special survey costs of certain vessels of NaviosAcquisition’s fleet.Management fees: Pursuant to the Management Agreement dated May 28, 2010 and as previously amended in May 2012 and May 2014, the Managerprovided commercial and technical management services to Navios Acquisition’s vessels for a fixed daily fee of: (a) $6.0 per MR2 product tanker andchemical tanker vessel; (b) $7.0 per LR1 product tanker vessel; and (c) $9.5 per VLCC, through May 2016.Pursuant to an amendment to the Management Agreement dated as of May 19, 2016, Navios Acquisition fixed the fees for commercial and technicalship management services of its fleet for two additional years from May 29, 2016, through May 2018, at a daily fee of: (a) $6.35 per MR2 product tanker andchemical tanker vessel; (b) $7.15 per LR1 product tanker vessel; and (c) $9.5 per VLCC.Dry docking expenses are reimbursed by Navios Acquisition at cost.General and administrative expenses: On May 28, 2010, Navios Acquisition entered into an Administrative Services Agreement with NaviosHoldings, pursuant to which Navios Holdings provides certain administrative management services to Navios Acquisition which include: bookkeeping,audit and accounting services, legal and insurance services, administrative and clerical services, banking and financial services, advisory services, F-16 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) client and investor relations and other services. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with the provision ofthese services. In May 2014, Navios Acquisition extended the duration of its existing Administrative Services Agreement with Navios Holdings, until May2020.Deferred Revenue: Deferred revenue primarily relates to cash received from charterers prior to it being earned. These amounts are recognized asrevenue over the voyage or charter period.Prepaid Expense and Other Current Assets: Prepaid expenses relate primarily to cash paid in advance for expenses associated with voyages. Theseamounts are recognized as expense over the voyage or charter period.(x) Financial Instruments: Financial instruments carried on the balance sheet include trade receivables and payables, other receivables and otherliabilities and long-term debt. The particular recognition methods applicable to each class of financial instrument are disclosed in the applicable significantpolicy description of each item, or included below as applicable.Financial risk management: Navios Acquisition’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks including fluctuations in future freight rates, timecharter hire rates, and fuel prices, credit and interest rate risk. Risk management is carried out under policies approved by executive management. Guidelinesare established for overall risk management, as well as specific areas of operations.Credit risk: Navios Acquisition closely monitors its exposure to customers and counterparties for credit risk. Navios Acquisition has entered into theManagement Agreement with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager agreed to provide commercial and technical management services to NaviosAcquisition. When negotiating on behalf of Navios Acquisition various employment contracts, the Manager has policies in place to ensure that it trades withcustomers and counterparties with an appropriate credit history. For the year ended December 31, 2016, Navios Acquisition’s customers representing 10% ormore of total revenue were Navig8, Shell Tankers Singapore Private LTD (“Shell”) and Mansel LTD (“Mansel”), which accounted for 33.0%, 20.0% and14.7%, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2015, Navios Acquisition’s customers representing 10% or more of total revenue were Navig8, Shelland Mansel, which accounted for 35.2%, 13.6% and 10.8%, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2014, Navios Acquisition’s customersrepresenting 10% or more of total revenue were Navig8 Chemicals Shipping and Trading Co. (“Navig8”) and Dalian Ocean Shipping Co. (“DOSCO”), whichaccounted for 28.8% and 22.4%, respectively.No other customers accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for any of the years presented.Foreign exchange risk: Foreign currency transactions are translated into the measurement currency rates prevailing at the dates of transactions.Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominatedin foreign currencies are recognized in the consolidated statements of income.(y) Earnings per Share: Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Navios Acquisition’s common shareholders by theweighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that wouldoccur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised. Dilution has been computed by the treasury stock method whereby all of theCompany’s dilutive securities (the warrants and preferred shares and the stock options) are assumed to be exercised and the proceeds used to repurchaseshares of common stock at the weighted average market price of the Company’s common stock during the relevant periods. Convertible shares are includedin the F-17 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) diluted earnings per share, based on the weighted average number of convertible shares assumed to be outstanding during the period. The incremental shares(the difference between the number of shares assumed issued and the number of shares assumed purchased) shall be included in the denominator of thediluted earnings per share computation. Restricted stock and restricted stock units (vested and unvested) are included in the calculation of the dilutedearnings per share, based on the weighted average number of restricted stock and restricted stock units assumed to be outstanding during the period.Net income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was adjusted for the purposes of earnings per share calculation, for the dividendson the Series B Preferred Shares, the Series D Preferred Shares, the restricted common stock and for the undistributed income that is attributable to Series Cpreferred stock.(z) Dividends: Dividends are recorded in the Company’s financial statements in the period in which they are declared.(za) Stock based Compensation: In October 2013, Navios Acquisition authorized the issuance of shares of restricted common stock and stock optionsfor its directors. These awards of restricted common stock and stock options are based on service conditions only and vest over three years.The fair value of stock option grants is determined with reference to option pricing model, and principally adjusted Black-Scholes models. The fairvalue of restricted stock is determined by reference to the quoted stock price on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized based on a gradedexpense model over the vesting period.The effect of compensation expense arising from the restricted shares and stock options described above amounted to $864, $2,362 and $5,254 as ofDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and it is reflected in general and administrative expenses on the statements of income.There were no restricted stock or stock options exercised, forfeited or expired during the year ended December 31, 2016.On October 24, 2016, 2015 and, 2014, 700,005, 700,001 and 699,994 shares of restricted stock were vested. Accordingly, there were no restrictedshares outstanding and non-vested as of December 31, 2016. The number of stock options vested as of December 31, 2016 amounted to 500,000 (outstandingand non-vested stock options as of December 31, 2015 amounted to 500,000). The weighted average contractual life of stock options outstanding as ofDecember 31, 2016 was 6.8 years.NOTE 3: CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASHCash and cash equivalents consisted of the following: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Cash on hand and at banks $39,286 $51,831 Short-term deposits 10,006 2,974 Total cash and cash equivalents $49,292 $54,805 Short-term deposits and highly liquid funds relate to amounts held in banks for general financing purposes and represent deposits with an originalmaturity of less than three months. F-18 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Cash deposits and cash equivalents in excess of amounts covered by government-provided insurance are exposed to loss in the event ofnon-performance by financial institutions. The Company does maintain cash deposits and equivalents in excess of government-provided insurance limits.The Company also minimizes exposure to credit risk by dealing with a diversified group of major financial institutions.In restricted cash there is an amount of $7,366 for 2016 and $6,840 for 2015 held in retention accounts in order to service debt and interest payments,as required by certain of Navios Acquisition’s credit facilities.NOTE 4: ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NETAccounts receivable consisted of the following: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Accounts receivable $20,933 $14,202 Less: Provision for doubtful accounts — — Accounts receivable, net $20,933 $14,202 Financial instruments that potentially subject Navios Acquisition to concentrations of credit risk are accounts receivable. Navios Acquisition does notbelieve its exposure to credit risk is likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.NOTE 5: VESSELS, NET Vessels Cost AccumulatedDepreciation Net BookValue Balance at December 31, 2014 $1,487,606 $(111,675) $1,375,931 Additions 207,000 (57,164) 149,836 Disposals (104,274) 20,142 (84,132) Balance at December 31, 2015 $1,590,332 $(148,697) $1,441,635 Additions — (57,617) (57,617) Disposals (including vessels held for sale) (85,319) 8,224 (77,095) Balance at December 31, 2016 $1,505,013 $(198,090) $1,306,923 Acquisition of vessels2015On January 8, 2015, Navios Acquisition took delivery of the Nave Sextans, a newbuilding, 49,999 dwt, MR2 product tanker, from an unaffiliated thirdparty for a total cost of $33,373. Cash paid was $17,750 and $15,623 was transferred from vessel deposits.On February 11, 2015, Navios Acquisition took delivery of the Nave Velocity, a newbuilding, 49,999 dwt, MR2 product tanker, from an unaffiliatedthird party for a total cost of $39,233. Cash paid was $12,591 and $26,642 was transferred from vessel deposits.On November 6, 2015, Navios Acquisition took delivery of the Nave Spherical, a 2009-built, 297,188 dwt VLCC, from an unaffiliated third party for atotal cost of $69,198. F-19 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) On December 2, 2015, Navios Acquisition took delivery of the Nave Photon, a 2008-built, 297,395 dwt VLCC from an unaffiliated third party for atotal cost of $65,196.Disposal of vessels2016On January 27, 2016, Navios Acquisition sold the Nave Lucida to an unaffiliated third party for net cash proceeds of $18,449. The gain on sale of thevessel, upon write-off of the unamortized dry-docking, was $2,282.On October 4, 2016, Navios Acquisition sold the Nave Universe to an unaffiliated third party for net cash proceeds of $35,768. As of June 30, 2016, thevessel was classified as held for sale as the relevant criteria for the classification were met. The gain on sale of the vessel was $4,847.On November 15, 2016, Navios Acquisition sold the Nave Constellation to an unaffiliated third party for net cash proceeds of $35,771. As of June 30,2016, the vessel was classified as held for sale as the relevant criteria for the classification were met. The gain on sale of the vessel was $4,620.2015On June 18, 2015, Navios Midstream exercised its option to acquire the shares of the vessel-owning subsidiaries of the Nave Celeste, a 2003-built of298,717 dwt VLCC, and the C. Dream, a 2000 built VLCC of 298,570 dwt, from Navios Acquisition for an aggregate sale price of $100,000. The sale priceconsisted of $73,000 cash consideration and the issuance of 1,592,920 Subordinated Series A Units to Navios Acquisition. Refer to Note 15. The gain on saleof vessels amounted to $5,771 and was calculated as follows: Proceeds received: Net Cash proceeds received from sale of assets $71,224 Subordinated Series A Units 27,111 98,335 Carrying Value of assets sold: Vessels and deferred dry dock and special survey costs, net (84,184) Favorable & unfavorable leases 37 Working capital 554 (83,593) 14,742 Deferred gain on sale of assets 8,971 Gain on sale of vessels $5,771 This gain is included in “Gain on sale of vessels” in the consolidated statements of income. Navios Midstream was deconsolidated from the date of theIPO. Refer to Note 8, “Investment in affiliates”.2014On May 6, 2014, Navios Acquisition sold the Shinyo Splendor to an unaffiliated third party for an aggregate sale price of $20,020. As of March 31,2014, an impairment loss of $10,718 related to the Shinyo Splendor has been recognized under the line item “Impairment Loss.” The Company had a currentexpectation that, more likely than not, the Shinyo Splendor would be sold before the end of its previously estimated useful life, and as a F-20 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) result performed an impairment test of the specific asset group. The carrying amount of the asset group was more than its undiscounted future cash flowswhich resulted in an impairment loss (refer to Note 2(m) for further details related to the impairment test). The vessel’s aggregate net carrying amount as at thedate of sale was $19,219 (including the remaining carrying balance of dry dock and special survey costs in the amount of $1,021). The Company received netcash proceeds in the amount of $18,315 and recognized a loss of $904. This loss is presented under “Gain on sale of vessels” in the consolidated statementsof income.On November 18, 2014, Navios Acquisition sold all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of four of its vessel-owning subsidiaries (Shinyo OceanLimited, Shinyo Kannika Limited, Shinyo Kieran Limited and Shinyo Saowalak Limited) to Navios Midstream (see Note 1).The gain on sale amounted to $23,503 and was calculated as: Proceeds received: Cash proceeds received from sale of assets $214,854 Common units 18,640 General Partner units 5,720 Subordinated units 140,140 Selling expenses (211) 379,143 Carrying Value of assets sold: Vessels (322,121) Favorable leases (32,129) Other assets / liabilities, net (1,390) (355,640) Gain on sale of vessels $23,503 The Company recorded the common units, general partner units and subordinated units at their fair value on November 18, 2014. Refer to Note 8,“Investment in affiliates”.This gain is included in “Gain / (loss) on sale of vessels” in the consolidated statements of operations. Navios Midstream was deconsolidated from thedate of the IPO. Refer to Note 8, “Investment in affiliates”.Deposits for vessel acquisitionsDeposits for vessel acquisitions represent deposits for vessels to be delivered in the future. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there wereno deposits for vessels to be delivered in the future. As of December 31, 2014, Navios Acquisition vessel deposits amounted to $42,276 of which $23,540was financed through loans and the balance from existing cash. For the year ended December 31, 2014, additions to deposits for vessels acquisitionscomprising of cash payments and capitalized interest were $11,881, which was offset by $71,220 transferred to vessels, net.For the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, capitalized interest amounted to $0, $104 and $3,290, respectively. F-21 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) NOTE 6: INTANGIBLE ASSETS OTHER THAN GOODWILLIntangible assets as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, consisted of the following: Favorable lease terms Cost AccumulatedAmortization Net BookValue Balance at December 31, 2014 $10,498 $(7,198) $3,300 Additions — (776) (776) Disposals* (10,498) 7,974 (2,524) Balance at December 31, 2015 $— $— $— Balance at December 31, 2016 $— $— $— Unfavorable lease terms Cost AccumulatedAmortization Net BookValue Balance at December 31, 2014 $(5,819) $2,941 $(2,878) Additions — 317 317 Disposals* 5,819 (3,258) 2,561 Balance at December 31, 2015 $— $— $— Balance at December 31, 2016 $— $— $— Amortization (expense) /income of favorable and unfavorable lease terms for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is presented in thefollowing table: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 December 31,2014 Unfavorable lease terms $— $317 $683 Favorable lease terms charter-out — (776) (4,742) Total $— $(459) $(4,059) (*)On June 18, 2015, Navios Acquisition sold all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of two of Navios Acquisition’s vessel-owning subsidiaries(Sikinos Shipping Corporation and Shinyo Dream Limited) to Navios Midstream. The carrying amount of the favorable leases was $2,524 and of theunfavorable leases was $(2,561).NOTE 7: GOODWILLGoodwill as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 amounted to: Balance at January 1, 2015 $1,579 Balance at December 31, 2015 $1,579 Balance at December 31, 2016 $1,579 NOTE 8: INVESTMENT IN AFFILIATESNavios Europe IOn October 9, 2013, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Maritime Partners L.P. (“Navios Partners”) established Navios Europe I and haveownership interests of 47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively. On December 18, 2013, Navios Europe I acquired ten vessels for aggregate considerationconsisting of (i) cash F-22 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) which was funded with the proceeds of senior loan facility (the “Senior Loan I”) and loans aggregating $10,000 from Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisitionand Navios Partners (in each case, in proportion to their ownership interests in Navios Europe I) (collectively, the “Navios Term Loans I”) and (ii) theassumption of a junior participating loan facility (the “Junior Loan I”). In addition to the Navios Term Loans I, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition andNavios Partners will also make available to Navios Europe I revolving loans up to $24,100 to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “NaviosRevolving Loans I”).On an ongoing basis, Navios Europe I is required to distribute cash flows (after payment of operating expenses, amounts due pursuant to the terms ofthe Senior Loan I and repayments of the Navios Revolving Loans I) according to a defined waterfall calculation as follows: • First, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will each earn a 12.7% preferred distribution on the Navios Term Loans I and theNavios Revolving Loans I; and • Second, any remaining cash is then distributed on an 80%/20% basis, respectively, between (i) the Junior Loan I holder and (ii) the holders of theNavios Term Loans I.The Navios Term Loans I will be repaid from the future sale of vessels owned by Navios Europe I and is deemed to be the initial investment by NaviosAcquisition. Navios Acquisition evaluated its investment in Navios Europe I under ASC 810 and concluded that Navios Europe I is a VIE and that theCompany is not the party most closely associated with Navios Europe I and, accordingly, is not the primary beneficiary of Navios Europe I based on thefollowing: • the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Navios Europe I are shared jointly between(i) Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners and (ii) and the Junior Loan I holder; and • while Navios Europe I’s residual is shared on an 80%/20% basis, respectively, between (i) the Junior Loan I holder and (ii) Navios Holdings,Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners, the Junior Loan I holder is exposed to a substantial portion of Navios Europe I’s risks and rewards.Navios Acquisition further evaluated its investment in the common stock of Navios Europe I under ASC 323 and concluded that it has the ability toexercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Navios Europe I and, therefore, its investment in Navios Europe I is accounted forunder the equity method.The fleet of Navios Europe I is managed by subsidiaries of Navios Holdings.As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the estimated maximum potential loss by Navios Acquisition in Navios Europe I would have been$18,268 and $15,764, respectively, which represented the Company’s carrying value of its investment of $5,967 (December 31, 2015: $5,498) theCompany’s portion of the carrying balance of the Navios Revolving Loans I including accrued interest on the Navios Term Loans I of $9,356 (December 31,2015: $8,523), which is included under “Due from related parties, long- term” and the accrued interest income on the Navios Revolving Loans I in theamount of $2,945 (December 31, 2015: $1,743) which is included under “Due from related parties, short-term”. Refer to Note 15 for the terms of the NaviosRevolving Loans I.Income of $1,302, $1,294 and $829 was recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015and 2014, respectively. F-23 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Accounting for basis differenceThe initial investment in Navios Europe I recorded under the equity method of $4,750, at the inception included the Company’s share of the basisdifference between the fair value and the underlying book value of the assets of Navios Europe I, which amounted to $6,763. This difference is amortizedthrough “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” over the remaining life of Navios Europe I. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, theunamortized difference between the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Europe I and the amount of the Company’s underlying equity in net assetsof Navios Europe I was $4,710, and $5,386, respectively.Navios Europe IIOn February 18, 2015, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners established Navios Europe II Inc. and have ownership interests of47.5%, 47.5% and 5.0%, respectively. From June 8, 2015 through December 31, 2015, Navios Europe II acquired fourteen vessels for: (i) cash considerationof $145,550 (which was funded with the proceeds of $131,550 of senior loan facilities (the “Senior Loans II”) and loans aggregating $14,000 from NaviosHoldings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners (in each case, in proportion to their ownership interests in Navios Europe II) (collectively, the “NaviosTerm Loans II”) and (ii) the assumption of a junior participating loan facility (the “Junior Loan II”) with a face amount of $182,150 and fair value of $99,147.In addition to the Navios Term Loans II, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will also make available to Navios Europe II revolvingloans up to $43,500 to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans II”). In March 2017 the availability under the NaviosRevolving Loans II was increased by $14,000.On an ongoing basis, Navios Europe II is required to distribute cash flows (after payment of operating expenses, amounts due pursuant to the terms ofthe Senior Loans and repayments of the Navios Revolving Loans II) according to a defined waterfall calculation as follows: • First, Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners will each earn a 18.0% preferred distribution on the Navios Term Loans II andthe Navios Revolving Loans II; and • Second, any remaining cash is then distributed on an 80%/20% basis, respectively, between (i) the Junior Loan II holder and (ii) the holders ofthe Navios Term Loans II.The Navios Term Loans II will be repaid from the future sale of vessels owned by Navios Europe II and is deemed to be the initial investment by NaviosAcquisition. Navios Acquisition evaluated its investment in Navios Europe II under ASC 810 and concluded that Navios Europe II is a “VIE” and that theCompany is not the party most closely associated with Navios Europe II and, accordingly, is not the primary beneficiary of Navios Europe II based on thefollowing: • the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Navios Europe II are shared jointly between(i) Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners and (ii) the Junior Loan holder II; and • while Navios Europe II’s residual is shared on an 80%/20% basis, respectively, between (i) the Junior Loan holder II and (ii) Navios Holdings,Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners, the Junior Loan II holder is exposed to a substantial portion of Navios Europe II’s risks and rewards.Navios Acquisition further evaluated its investment in the common stock of Navios Europe II under ASC 323 and concluded that it has the ability toexercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Navios Europe II and, therefore, its investment in Navios Europe II is accounted forunder the equity method. F-24 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) The fleet of Navios Europe II is managed by subsidiaries of Navios Holdings.As of December 31, 2016, the estimated maximum potential loss by Navios Acquisition in Navios Europe II would have been $22,287 (December 31,2015: $15,867), which represented the Company’s carrying value of the investment of $5,894 (December 31, 2015: $7,342), the Company’s balance of theNavios Revolving Loans II including accrued interest on the Navios Term Loans II of $13,652 (December 31, 2015: $7,952), which is included under “Duefrom related parties, long-term”, and the accrued interest income on the Navios Revolving Loans II in the amount of $2,741 (December 31, 2015: $573),which is included under “Due from related parties, short-term”. Refer to Note 15 for the terms of the Navios Revolving Loans II.Loss of $22 in total and a total income of $1,317 were recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” for the years ended December 31,2016 and 2015, respectively.Accounting for basis differenceThe initial investment in Navios Europe II recorded under the equity method of $6,650, at the inception included the Company’s share of the basisdifference between the fair value and the underlying book value of the assets of Navios Europe II, which amounted to $9,419. This difference is amortizedthrough “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” over the remaining life of Navios Europe II. As of December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015 theunamortized difference between the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Europe II and the amount of the Company’s underlying equity in net assetsof Navios Europe II was $7,953 and $8,895, respectively.Navios MidstreamOn October 13, 2014, the Company formed in the Marshall Islands a wholly-owned subsidiary, Navios Midstream. The purpose of Navios Midstream isto own, operate and acquire crude oil tankers, refined petroleum product tankers, chemical tankers and liquefied petroleum gas tankers under long-termemployment contracts.On the same day, the Company formed in the Marshall Islands a limited liability company, Navios Maritime Midstream Partners GP LLC (the “NaviosMidstream General Partner”) a wholly-owned subsidiary to act as the general partner of Navios Midstream.Navios Midstream completed an IPO of its units on November 18, 2014 and is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “NAP.”In connection with the IPO of Navios Midstream in November 2014, Navios Acquisition sold all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of four ofNavios Acquisition’s vessel-owning subsidiaries (Shinyo Ocean Limited, Shinyo Kannika Limited, Shinyo Kieran Limited and Shinyo Saowalak Limited) inexchange for: (i) all of the estimated net cash proceeds from the IPO amounting to $110,403; (ii) $104,451 of the $126,000 borrowings under NaviosMidstream’s credit facility with Credit Suisse; (iii) 9,342,692 subordinated units and 1,242,692 common units; and (iv) 381,334 general partner units,representing a 2.0% general partner interest in Navios Midstream, and all of the incentive distribution rights in Navios Midstream to the Navios MidstreamGeneral Partner.The Company evaluated its investment in Navios Midstream under ASC 810 and concluded that Navios Midstream is not a “VIE”. The Companyfurther evaluated the power to control the board of directors of Navios Midstream under the voting interest model. As of the IPO date, Navios Acquisition, asthe general partner, F-25 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) delegated all its powers to the board of directors of Navios Midstream and does not have the right to remove or replace the elected directors from the board ofdirectors. Elected directors were appointed by the general partner, but as of the IPO date are deemed to be elected directors. The elected directors represent themajority of the board of directors of Midstream and therefore, the Company concluded that it does not hold a controlling financial interest in NaviosMidstream but concluded that it does maintain significant influence and deconsolidated the vessels sold as of the IPO date.Following the deconsolidation of Navios Midstream, the Company accounts for all of its interest in the general partner and in each of the common andsubordinated units under the equity method of accounting.In connection with the sale of Nave Celeste and the C. Dream to Navios Midstream in June 2015, Navios Acquisition received 1,592,920 SubordinatedSeries A Units of Navios Midstream, as part of the sales price. In conjunction with the transaction, Navios Midstream also issued 32,509 general partner unitsto the General Partner for $551, in order for the General Partner to maintain its 2.0% general partnership interest. The Company analyzed its investment in thesubordinated Series A units and concluded that this is to be accounted for under the equity method on the basis that the Company has significant influenceover Navios Midstream. The Company’s investment in the subordinated Series A units was fair valued at $ 17.02 per unit, in total $27,111 on the date of thesale of the vessels to Navios Midstream.On July 29, 2016, Navios Midstream launched a continuous public offering of its common units for an aggregate offering of up to $25,000. OnSeptember 30, 2016 and December 30, 2016, Navios Acquisition entered into securities purchase agreements with Navios Midstream pursuant to whichNavios Acquisition made an investment in Navios Midstream by purchasing 5,655 and 1,143 general partnership interests, respectively, for an aggregateconsideration of $75 and $14, respectively, in order to maintain its 2.0% partnership interest in Navios Midstream in light of such continuous public offering.The Company determined, under the equity method, that the issuance of common units of Navios Midstream qualified as a sale of shares by theinvestee. As a result, a net loss of $246 was recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” for the year ended December 31, 2016.As of December 31, 2016, the Company owned a 2.0% general partner interest in Navios Midstream through the Navios Midstream General Partner anda 57.9% limited partnership interest through the ownership of subordinated units (44.4%), the subordinated series A units (7.6%) and through common units(5.9%), based on all of the outstanding common, subordinated and general partner units.For the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, total equity method income from Navios Midstream recognized in “Equity in net earnings ofaffiliated companies” was $14,219, $15,825 and $1,171, respectively. Dividends received during the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were$21,283, $17,202 and $0, respectively.As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Midstream was $184,834 and $191,968,respectively.As of December 31, 2016 the market value of the investment in Navios Midstream was $135,817.Accounting for basis differenceThe initial investment in Navios Midstream following the completion of the IPO recorded under the equity method of $183,141, as of thedeconsolidation date included the Company’s share of the basis difference F-26 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) between the fair value and the underlying book value of Navios Midstream’s assets, which amounted to $20,169. Of this difference, an amount of $(332) wasallocated on the intangibles assets and $20,501 was allocated on the tangible assets. This difference is amortized through “Equity in net earnings of affiliatedcompanies” over the remaining life of Navios Midstream’s tangible and intangible assets.In connection with the sale of the Nave Celeste and the C. Dream, the Company recognized its incremental investment upon the receipt of theSubordinated series A units in Navios Midstream, which amounted to $27,665 under “Investment in affiliates”. The investment was recognized at fair valueat $17.02 per unit. The incremental investment included the Company’s share of the basis difference between the fair value and the underlying book value ofNavios Midstream’s assets at the transaction date, which amounted to $2,554. Of this difference an amount of $(72) was allocated to the intangible assets and$2,626 was allocated to the tangible assets. This difference is amortized through “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” over the remaining life ofNavios Midstream’s tangible and intangible assets.As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the unamortized difference between the carrying amount of the investment in Navios Midstream andthe amount of the Company’s underlying equity in net assets of Navios Midstream was $21,221 and $22,120, respectively. This difference is amortizedthrough “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” over the remaining life of Navios Midstream’s tangible and intangible assets.Summarized financial information of the affiliated companies is presented below: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Balance Sheet NaviosMidstream NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II NaviosMidstream NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash $52,791 $10,785 $16,916 $37,834 $11,839 $17,366 Current assets $61,087 $15,980 $19,487 $45,860 $14,782 $22,539 Non-current assets $414,694 $169,925 $232,363 $434,708 $179,023 $245,154 Current liabilities $6,143 $18,490 $24,126 $4,078 $15,377 $16,897 Long-term debt including current portion, net of deferred finance costsand discount $197,176 $86,060 $119,234 $197,819 $96,580 $129,185 Non-current liabilities $196,515 $155,387 $184,530 $197,176 $182,537 $173,543 Year EndedDecember 31, 2016 Year EndedDecember 31, 2015 For theperiodNovember 18,2014 toDecember 31,2014 Year EndedDecember 31, 2014 Income Statement NaviosMidstream NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II NaviosMidstream NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II NaviosMidstream NaviosEurope I NaviosEurope II Revenue $91,834 $40,589 $30,893 $83,362 $41,437 $20,767 $7,643 $35,119 $— Net income/ (loss) before non-cash changein fair value of Junior Loan $24,890 $(2,174) $(25,062) $27,072 $(1,347) $1,673 $2,551 $(5,061) $— Net income/ (loss) $24,890 $16,137 $(34,059) $27,072 $(1,118) $77,252 $2,551 $(1,896) $— F-27 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) NOTE 9: ACCOUNTS PAYABLEAccounts payable as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Creditors $1,625 $638 Brokers 2,031 1,800 Professional and legal fees 1,199 315 Total accounts payable $4,855 $2,753 NOTE 10: DIVIDENDS PAYABLEOn November 8, 2013, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the third quarter of 2013 of $0.05 per share of common stock. Adividend in the aggregate amount of $7,220 was paid on January 7, 2014 out of which $6,836 was paid to the stockholders of record as of December 19, 2013including holders of restricted stock and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000 shares of the Series C preferred stock.On February 7, 2014, the Board of Directors of Navios Acquisition declared a quarterly cash dividend for the fourth quarter of 2013 of $0.05 per shareof common stock. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,967 was paid on April 8, 2014 out of which $7,583 was paid to the stockholders of record as ofMarch 19, 2014 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000 shares of the Series C preferred stock.On May 9, 2014, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the first quarter of 2014 of $0.05 per share of common stockpayable on July 3, 2014 to stockholders of record as of June 17, 2014. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,967 was paid on July 3, 2014 out of which$7,583 was paid to the stockholders of record as of June 17, 2014 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000 shares of the Series Cpreferred stock.On August 11, 2014, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the second quarter of 2014 of $0.05 per share of commonstock payable on October 1, 2014 to stockholders of record as of September 17, 2014. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,967 was paid on October 2,2014 out of which $7,583 was paid to the stockholders of record as of September 17, 2014 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000shares of the Series C preferred stock.On October 31, 2014, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the third quarter of 2014 of $0.05 per share of commonstock payable on January 6, 2015 to stockholders of record as of December 17, 2014. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,967 was paid on January 6,2015 out of which $7,583 was paid to the stockholders of record as of December 17, 2014 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000shares of the Series C Preferred Stock.On February 6, 2015, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the fourth quarter of 2014 of $0.05 per share of commonstock payable on April 2, 2015 to stockholders of record as of March 18, 2015. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,977 was paid on April 2, 2015 outof which $7,593 was paid to the stockholders of record as of March 18, 2015 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000 shares of theSeries C Preferred Stock.On May 11, 2015, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the first quarter of 2015 of $0.05 per share of common stockpayable on July 2, 2015 to stockholders of record as of June 18, 2015. F-28 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,986 was paid on July 2, 2015 out of which $7,602 was paid to the stockholders of record as of June 18, 2015 and$384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock.On August 13, 2015, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the second quarter of 2015 of $0.05 per share of common stockpayable on September 24, 2015 to stockholders of record as of September 18, 2015. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,922 was paid on September 24,2015 out of which $7,538 was paid to the stockholders of record as of September 18, 2015 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000shares of the Series C Preferred Stock.On November 6, 2015, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the third quarter of 2015 of $0.05 per share of common stockpayable on December 23, 2015 to stockholders of record as of December 17, 2015. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,873 was paid on December 23,2015 out of which $7,489 was paid to the stockholders of record as of December 17, 2015 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000shares of the Series C Preferred Stock.On February 4, 2016, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the fourth quarter of 2015 of $0.05 per share of commonstock payable on March 23, 2016 to stockholders of record as of March 17, 2016. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,928 was paid on March 23, 2016out of which $7,544 was paid to the stockholders of record as of March 17, 2016 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000 shares ofSeries C Preferred Stock.On May 11, 2016, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the first quarter of 2016 of $0.05 per share of common stockpayable on June 22, 2016 to stockholders of record as of June 17, 2016. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,923 was paid on June 22, 2016 out ofwhich $7,539 was paid to the stockholders of record as of June 17, 2016 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder of the 1,000 shares of Series CPreferred Stock.On August 10, 2016, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the second quarter of 2016 of $0.05 per share of commonstock payable on September 21, 2016 to stockholders of record as of September 14, 2016. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,918 was paid onSeptember 21, 2016 out of which $7,534 was paid to the stockholders of record as of September 14, 2016 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holderof the 1,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock.On November 4, 2016, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the third quarter of 2016 of $0.05 per share of commonstock payable on December 21, 2016 to stockholders of record as of December 14, 2016. A dividend in the aggregate amount of $7,913 was paid onDecember 21, 2016 out of which $7,529 was paid to the stockholders of record as of December 14, 2016 and $384 was paid to Navios Holdings, the holder ofthe 1,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock.For the year ended December 31, 2016, Navios Acquisition had no outstanding Series B and Series D Preferred Stock. For the year ended December 31,2015, Navios Acquisition paid dividend in the aggregate of $359 to the holders of the Series B and Series D Preferred Stock. For the year ended December 31,2014, Navios Acquisition paid dividend in the aggregate of $750 to the holders of the 540 shares of Series B and Series D Preferred Stock.The declaration and payment of any further dividends remain subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, among otherthings, Navios Acquisition’s cash requirements as measured by F-29 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) market opportunities and restrictions under its credit agreements and other debt obligations and such other factors as the Board of Directors may deemadvisable.NOTE 11: ACCRUED EXPENSESAccrued expenses as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following: December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Accrued voyage expenses $1,369 $485 Accrued loan interest 8,800 9,026 Accrued legal and professional fees 878 291 Total accrued expenses $11,047 $9,802 In December 2015 and during 2016, the Compensation Committee of Navios Acquisition authorized and approved an aggregate cash payment of$4,010 subject to fulfillment of certain service conditions that were provided and completed during 2016 and an additional $1,000 to the directors and/orofficers of the Company subject to fulfillment of certain service conditions in 2017. As of December 31, 2016, an accrued amount of $750 is included inaccrued legal and professional fees and an amount of $3,260 was paid during 2016. The total amount of $4,010, $2,750 and $0 was recorded in general andadministrative expenses on the statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.NOTE 12: BORROWINGS December 31,2016 December 31,2015 Commerzbank AG, Alpha Bank AE, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank $94,250 $119,250 BNP Paribas S.A. and DVB Bank S.E. 60,750 65,250 Eurobank Ergasias S.A. $52,200 38,297 41,025 Eurobank Ergasias S.A. $52,000 36,102 38,550 Norddeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale 25,391 26,953 DVB Bank S.E. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank 48,828 51,953 Ship Mortgage Notes $670,000 670,000 670,000 Deutsche Bank AG Filiale Deutschlandgeschäft and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB 97,615 125,000 HSH Nordbank AG $40,300 — 34,633 BNP Paribas $44,000 40,000 44,000 1,111,233 1,216,614 Less: Deferred finance costs, net (16,685) (20,640) Add: bond premium 1,390 1,609 Total borrowings $1,095,938 $1,197,583 Less: current portion, net of deferred finance costs (55,000) (62,643) Total long-term borrowings, net of current portion, bond premium and deferred finance costs $1,040,938 $1,134,940 F-30 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Long-Term Debt Obligations and Credit ArrangementsShip Mortgage Notes:8 1/8% First Priority Ship Mortgages: On November 13, 2013, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Navios Acquisition Finance (US) Inc.(“Navios Acquisition Finance” and together with the Company, the “2021 Co-Issuers”) issued $610,000 in first priority ship mortgage notes (the “ExistingNotes”) due on November 15, 2021 at a fixed rate of 8.125%.On March 31, 2014, the Company completed a sale of $60,000 of its first priority ship mortgage notes due in 2021 (the “Additional Notes,” andtogether with the Existing Notes, the “2021 Notes”). The terms of the Additional Notes are identical to the Existing Notes and were issued at 103.25% plusaccrued interest from November 13, 2013. The net cash received amounted to $59,598.The 2021 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by all of Navios Acquisition’s subsidiaries with the exception ofNavios Acquisition Finance (a co-issuer of the 2021 Notes).The 2021 Co-Issuers have the option to redeem the 2021 Notes in whole or in part, at any time: (i) before November 15, 2016, at a redemption priceequal to 100% of the principal amount, plus a make-whole premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any; and (ii) on or after November 15, 2016, at afixed price of 106.094% of the principal amount, which price declines ratably until it reaches par in 2019, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.At any time before November 15, 2016, the 2021 Co-Issuers could have redeemed up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2021 Notes withthe net proceeds of an equity offering at 108.125% of the principal amount of the 2021 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, so long as at least 65%of the aggregate principal amount of the Existing Notes remains outstanding after such redemption. No redemption took place.In addition, upon the occurrence of certain change of control events, the holders of the 2021 Notes will have the right to require the 2021 Co-Issuers torepurchase some or all of the 2021 Notes at 101% of their face amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date.The 2021 Notes contain covenants which, among other things, limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, issuance of certain preferred stock, thepayment of dividends, redemption or repurchase of capital stock or making restricted payments and investments, creation of certain liens, transfer or sale ofassets, entering in transactions with affiliates, merging or consolidating or selling all or substantially all of the 2021 Co-Issuers’ properties and assets andcreation or designation of restricted subsidiaries. The 2021 Co-Issuers were in compliance with the covenants as of December 31, 2016.The Existing Notes and the Additional Notes are treated as a single class for all purposes under the indenture including, without limitation, waivers,amendments, redemptions and other offers to purchase and the Additional Notes rank evenly with the Existing Notes. The Additional Notes and the ExistingNotes have the same CUSIP number.GuaranteesThe Company’s 2021 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by all of the Company’s subsidiaries with theexception of Navios Acquisition Finance (a co-issuer of the 2021 Notes). F-31 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) The Company’s 2021 Notes are unregistered. The guarantees of our subsidiaries that own mortgaged vessels are senior secured guarantees and the guaranteesof our subsidiaries that do not own mortgaged vessels are senior unsecured guarantees. All subsidiaries, including Navios Acquisition Finance, are 100%owned. Navios Acquisition does not have any independent assets or operations. Except as provided above, Navios Acquisition does not have anysubsidiaries that are not guarantors of the 2021 Notes.Credit FacilitiesCommerzbank AG, Alpha Bank A.E., and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank: Navios Acquisition assumed a loan agreement dated April 7,2010, with Commerzbank AG, Alpha Bank A.E. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank of up to $150,000 (divided in six equal tranches of$25,000 each) to partially finance the construction of two chemical tankers and four product tankers. Each tranche of the facility is repayable in 12 equalsemi-annual installments of $750 each with a final balloon payment of $16,000 to be repaid on the last repayment date. The repayment of each tranchestarted six months after the delivery date of the respective vessel which that tranche financed. It bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 250 bps. The loan alsorequires compliance with certain financial covenants. On October 27, 2016, Navios Acquisition reduced the facility by $16,000 through payment of $15,650in cash being the balloon instalment for one of the six tranches, achieving a nominal benefit amount of $350. As of December 31, 2016, the amount of$94,250 was outstanding. On January 27, 2017, Navios Acquisition repaid $16,000 being the balloon instalment for another of the remaining five tranches.BNP Paribas S.A. Bank and DVB Bank S.E.: Navios Acquisition assumed a loan agreement dated April 8, 2010, of up to $75,000 (divided in three equaltranches of $25,000 each) to partially finance the purchase price of three product tankers. Each of the tranches is repayable in 12 equal semi-annualinstallments of $750 each with a final balloon payment of $16,000 to be repaid on the last repayment date. The repayment date of each tranche started sixmonths after the delivery date of the respective vessel which that tranche finances. It bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 250 bps. The loan also requirescompliance with certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016, an amount of $60,750 was outstanding.DVB Bank S.E. and ABN AMRO Bank N.V.: On May 28, 2010, Navios Acquisition entered into a loan agreement with DVB Bank S.E. and ABN AMROBank N.V. of up to $52,000 (divided into two tranches of $26,000 each) to partially finance the acquisition costs of two product tanker vessels. Therepayment of each tranche started three months after the delivery date of the respective vessel and bore an interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 275 bps. The loanalso required compliance with certain financial covenants. After various amendments, on November 13, 2014, the Company prepaid an amount of $18,379which was the entire amount outstanding under one of the two tranches using a portion of the proceeds received from Navios Midstream’s IPO. In June 2015,the Company fully prepaid the outstanding balance under this loan facility. The repayment of the loan agreement was accounted for as a debt extinguishmentin accordance with ASC470 Debt and the remaining unamortized balance of $91 was written-off from the deferred financing fees.Eurobank Ergasias S.A.: On October 26, 2010, Navios Acquisition entered into a loan agreement with Eurobank Ergasias S.A. of up to $52,200, ofwhich $51,600 has been drawn (divided into two tranches of $26,100 and $25,500, respectively) to partially finance the acquisition costs of two LR1 producttanker vessels. Each tranche of the facility is repayable in 32 quarterly installments of $345 and $337, respectively, with a final balloon payment of $15,060and $14,716, respectively, to be repaid on the last repayment date. The repayment of each tranche started three months after the delivery date of therespective vessel. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus (i) 250 bps for the period prior to the delivery date in respect of the vessel being financed,and (ii) thereafter 275 bps. The loan also requires compliance with certain financial covenants. The amount of $38,297 was outstanding as of December 31,2016, under this facility. F-32 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Eurobank Ergasias S.A.: On December 6, 2010, Navios Acquisition entered into a loan agreement with Eurobank Ergasias S.A. of up to $52,000 out ofwhich $46,200 has been drawn (divided into two tranches of $23,100 each) to partially finance the acquisition costs of two LR1 product tanker vessels. Eachtranche of the facility is repayable in 32 equal quarterly installments of $306 each with a final balloon payment of $13,308, to be repaid on the lastrepayment date. The repayment of each tranche started three months after the delivery date of the respective vessel. It bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus300 bps. The loan also requires compliance with certain financial covenants. The amount of $36,102 was outstanding as of December 31, 2016, under thisfacility.Norddeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale: On December 29, 2011, Navios Acquisition entered into a loan agreement with Norddeutsche LandesbankGirozentrale of up to $28,125 to partially finance the purchase price of one MR2 product tanker vessel. The facility is repayable in 32 quarterly installmentsof $391 each with a final balloon payment of $15,625 to be repaid on the last repayment date. The repayment started three months after the delivery of thevessel and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus: (a) up to but not including the drawdown date of, 175 bps per annum; (b) thereafter until, but not including,the tenth repayment date, 250 bps per annum; and (c) thereafter 300 bps per annum. The loan also requires compliance with certain financial covenants.During the first quarter of 2015, the facility was fully drawn and as of December 31, 2016, an amount of $25,391 was outstanding under this loan agreement.DVB Bank S.E. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank: On December 29, 2011, Navios Acquisition entered into a loan agreement withDVB Bank SE and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank of up to $56,250 (divided into two tranches of $28,125 each) to partially finance thepurchase price of two MR2 product tanker vessels. Each tranche of the facility is repayable in 32 quarterly installments of $391 each with a final balloonpayment of $15,625 to be repaid on the last repayment date. The repayment started three months after the delivery of the respective vessel and bears interestat a rate of LIBOR plus: (a) up to but not including the drawdown date of, 175 bps per annum; (b) thereafter until, but not including, the tenth repaymentdate, 250 bps per annum; and (c) thereafter 300 bps per annum. The loan also requires compliance with certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016,an amount of $48,828 was outstanding.Deutsche Bank AG Filiale Deutschlandgeschäft and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB: In November 2015, Navios Acquisition, entered into a termloan facility of up to $125,000 (divided into five tranches) with Deutsche Bank AG Filiale Deutschlandgeschäft and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB forthe: (i) financing of the purchase price of the Nave Spherical; and (ii) the refinancing of the existing facility with Deutsche Bank AG FilialeDeutschlandgescäft and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB, dated July 18, 2014. The four of the five tranches of the facility are repayable in 20 quarterlyinstallments of between approximately $435 and $1,896, each with a final balloon repayment to be made on the last repayment date. The fifth tranche isrepayable in 16 quarterly installments of between approximately $709 and $803, each. The maturity date of the loan is in the fourth quarter of 2020. Thecredit facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 295 bps per annum.On January 27, 2016, Navios Acquisition sold the Nave Lucida to an unaffiliated third party for net cash proceeds of $18,449. Navios Acquisitionprepaid $12,097 being the respective tranche of the Deutsche Bank AG Filiale Deutschlandgeschäft and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB facility that wasdrawn to finance the Nave Lucida. Following the prepayment in January 2016, an amount of $214 was written-off from the deferred financing cost. As ofDecember 31, 2016, an amount of $97,615 was outstanding under this facility.The Navios Holdings Credit Facilities: On November 11, 2014, Navios Acquisition entered into a short term credit facility with Navios Holdingspursuant to which Navios Acquisition may borrow up to $200,000 for general corporate purposes. The loan provided for an arrangement fee of $4,000 andbore a fixed interest of 600 bps. On November 13, 2014, the Company drew an amount of $169,650 from the facility. The facility matured and was fullyrepaid by December 29, 2014. F-33 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) HSH Nordbank AG: On August 20, 2013, Navios Acquisition entered into a loan agreement with HSH Nordbank AG of up to $40,300 (divided in twotranches of $20,150 each), to partially finance the acquisition of two chemical tanker vessels. Each tranche of the facility was repayable in 28 quarterlyinstallments of $315 with a final balloon payment of $11,334 to be paid on the last repayment date. The facility bore interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 320 bps.The loan also required compliance with certain financial covenants.On October 4, 2016, Navios Acquisition sold the Nave Universe to an unaffiliated third party for net cash proceeds of $35,768. Navios Acquisitionprepaid $16,372 being the respective tranche of the HSH Nordbank AG facility that was drawn to finance the acquisition of the Nave Universe.On November 15, 2016, Navios Acquisition sold the Nave Constellation to an unaffiliated third party for net cash proceeds of $35,771. NaviosAcquisition prepaid $16,372 being the respective tranche of the HSH Nordbank AG facility that was drawn to finance the acquisition of the NaveConstellation.Following these prepayments in 2016, an amount of $240 was written-off from the deferred financing cost. As of December 31, 2016, no amount wasoutstanding.BNP Paribas S.A. Bank: On December 18, 2015, Navios Acquisition, through certain of its wholly owned subsidiaries, entered into a term loan facilityagreement of up to $44,000 with BNP Paribas, as agent and the lenders named therein, for the partial post-delivery financing of a LR1 product tanker and aMR2 product tanker. The facility is repayable in 12 equal consecutive semi-annual installments in the amount of $2,000 in aggregate, with a final balloonpayment of $20,000 to be repaid on the last repayment date. The maturity date of the loan is in December 2021. The loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 230bps per annum. As of December 31, 2016, an amount of $40,000 was outstanding under this facility.The loan facilities include, among other things, compliance with loan to value ratios and certain financial covenants: (i) minimum liquidity higher of$40,000 or $1,000 per vessel; (ii) net worth ranging from $50,000 to $135,000; and (iii) total liabilities divided by total assets, adjusted for market values tobe lower than 75%. It is an event of default under the credit facilities if such covenants are not complied with, including the loan to value ratios for which theCompany may provide sufficient additional security to prevent such an event.As of December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with its covenants.Amounts drawn under the facilities are secured by first preferred mortgages on Navios Acquisition’s vessels and other collateral and are guaranteed byeach vessel-owning subsidiary. The credit facilities contain a number of restrictive covenants that prohibit or limit Navios Acquisition from, among otherthings: incurring or guaranteeing indebtedness; entering into affiliate transactions; changing the flag, class, management or ownership of NaviosAcquisition’s vessels; changing the commercial and technical management of Navios Acquisition’s vessels; selling Navios Acquisition’s vessels; andsubordinating the obligations under each credit facility to any general and administrative costs relating to the vessels, including the fixed daily fee payableunder the management agreement. The credit facilities also require Navios Acquisition to comply with the ISM Code and ISPS Code and to maintain validsafety management certificates and documents of compliance at all times. F-34 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) The maturity table below reflects the principal payments of all notes and credit facilities outstanding as of December 31, 2016 for the next five yearsand thereafter and is based on the repayment schedule of the respective loan facilities (as described above) and the outstanding amount due under the 2021Notes. December 31,2016 Long-Term Debt Obligations: Year December 31, 2017 $56,402 December 31, 2018 68,194 December 31, 2019 126,004 December 31, 2020 111,164 December 31, 2021 698,688 December 31, 2022 and thereafter 50,781 Total $1,111,233 NOTE 13: FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for interest bearing deposits approximate their fair valuebecause of the short maturity of these investments.Restricted Cash: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for interest bearing deposits approximate their fair value because ofthe short maturity of these investments.Due from related parties, short-term: The carrying amount of due from related parties, short-term reported in the balance sheet approximates its fairvalue due to the short-term nature of these receivables.Due from related parties, long-term: The carrying amount of due from related parties, long-term reported in the balance sheet approximates its fairvalue.Other long-term debt, net of deferred finance cost: As a result of the adoption of ASU 2015-03, the book value has been adjusted to reflect the netpresentation of deferred financing costs. The outstanding balance of the floating rate loans continues to approximate its fair value, excluding the effect of anydeferred finance cost.Ship Mortgage Notes and premiums: The fair value of the 2021 Notes, which has a fixed rate, was determined based on quoted market prices, asindicated in the table below. December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Book Value Fair Value Book Value Fair Value Cash and cash equivalents $49,292 $49,292 $54,805 $54,805 Restricted cash $7,366 $7,366 $6,840 $6,840 Ship mortgage notes and premium $659,684 $571,597 $658,048 $589,185 Other long-term debt, net of deferred finance cost $436,254 $441,233 $539,535 $546,614 Due from related parties, long-term $80,068 $80,646 $16,474 $16,474 Due from related parties, short-term $25,047 $25,047 $17,837 $17,837 F-35 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Fair Value MeasurementsThe estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, categorized based upon the fair valuehierarchy, is as follows:Level I: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access. Valuation of theseitems does not entail a significant amount of judgment.Level II: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level I that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at themeasurement date.Level III: Inputs that are unobservable. The Company did not use any Level III inputs as of December 31, 2016. Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using Total Level I Level II Level III Cash and cash equivalents $49,292 $49,292 $— $— Restricted cash $7,366 $7,366 $— $— Ship mortgage notes and premium $571,597 $571,597 $— $— Other long-term debt(1) $441,233 $— $441,233 $— Due from related parties, long-term(2) $80,646 $— $80,646 $— Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2015 Using Total Level I Level II Level III Cash and cash equivalents $54,805 $54,805 $— $— Restricted cash $6,840 $6,840 $— $— Ship mortgage notes and premium $589,185 $589,185 $— $— Other long-term debt(1) $546,614 $— $546,614 $— Due from related parties, long-term(2) $16,474 $— $16,474 $— (1)The fair value of the Company’s other long-term debt is estimated based on currently available debt with similar contract terms, interest rate andremaining maturities as well as taking into account the Company’s creditworthiness.(2)The fair value of the Company’s long term amounts due from related parties is estimated based on currently available debt with similar contract terms,interest rate and remaining maturities as well as taking into account the counterparty’s creditworthiness. F-36 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) NOTE 14: LEASESChartered-out:The future minimum contractual lease income (charter-out rates is presented net of commissions) is as follows: Amount 2017 $136,405 2018 19,546 2019 6,218 2020 — 2021 — Thereafter — Total minimum lease revenue, net of commissions $162,169 Revenues from time charters are not generally received when a vessel is off-hire, including time required for scheduled maintenance of the vessel.NOTE 15: TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIESThe Navios Holdings Credit Facilities: On September 19, 2016, Navios Acquisition entered into a $70,000 secured loan facility with NaviosHoldings. The loan facility is secured by all of Navios Holdings’ interest in Navios Acquisition and 78.5% of Navios Holdings’ interest in Navios SouthAmerican Logistics Inc. “Navios Logistics”, representing a majority of the shares outstanding of Navios Logistics. The secured loan facility provided for anarrangement fee of $700, is available for up to five drawings and has a fixed interest rate of 8.75% with a maturity date of November 15, 2018. As ofDecember 31, 2016, the outstanding receivable balance of $50,661, included in the consolidated balance sheets under “Due from related parties, long-term”,consisted of the drawdown of $50,000 on September 20, 2016 net of the arrangement fee, upon deduction of the applicable expenses for the origination ofthe loan facility and the accrued interest of $1,240. The arrangement fee is deferred and amortized using the effective interest rate method.In March 2016, Navios Acquisition entered into the $50,000 Revolver with Navios Holdings, which was available for multiple drawings up to a limitof $50,000. The Revolver had a margin of LIBOR plus 300bps and a maturity until December 2018. On April 14, 2016, Navios Acquisition and NaviosHoldings announced that the Revolver was terminated. No borrowings had been made under the Revolver. Please refer to “Legal Proceedings” in Note 16.On November 11, 2014, Navios Acquisition entered into a short term credit facility with Navios Holdings pursuant to which Navios Acquisition mayborrow up to $200,000 for general corporate purposes. The loan provided for an arrangement fee of $4,000 and bore a fixed interest of 600 bps. OnNovember 13, 2014, the Company drew an amount of $169,650 from the facility. The facility matured and was fully repaid by December 29, 2014.In 2010, Navios Acquisition entered into a $40,000 credit facility with Navios Holdings, which matured in December 2015. The facility was availablefor multiple drawings up to a limit of $40,000 and had a margin of LIBOR plus 300 basis points. As of its maturity date, December 31, 2015, all amountsdrawn had been fully repaid. F-37 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Management fees: Pursuant to the Management Agreement dated May 28, 2010 and as amended in May 2012 and May 2014, the Manager providedcommercial and technical management services to Navios Acquisition’s vessels for a fixed daily fee of: (a) $6.0 per MR2 product tanker and chemical tankervessel; (b) $7.0 per LR1 product tanker vessel; and (c) $9.5 per VLCC, through May 2016.Pursuant to an amendment to the Management Agreement dated as of May 19, 2016, Navios Acquisition fixed the fees for commercial and technicalship management services of its fleet for two additional years from May 29, 2016, through May 2018, at a daily fee of: (a) $6.35 per MR2 product tanker andchemical tanker vessel; (b) $7.15 per LR1 product tanker vessel; and (c) $9.5 per VLCC.Dry docking expenses are reimbursed by Navios Acquisition at cost.Total management fees for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $97,866, $95,336 and $95,827, respectively.Included in direct vessel expenses is an amount of $730 for the year ended December 31, 2016, that was incurred for specialized work performed inconnection with certain vessels of our fleet.General and administrative expenses: On May 28, 2010, Navios Acquisition entered into an Administrative Services Agreement with NaviosHoldings, pursuant to which Navios Holdings provides certain administrative management services to Navios Acquisition which include: bookkeeping,audit and accounting services, legal and insurance services, administrative and clerical services, banking and financial services, advisory services, client andinvestor relations and other services. Navios Holdings is reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with the provision of theseservices. In May 2014, Navios Acquisition extended the duration of its existing Administrative Services Agreement with Navios Holdings, until May 2020.For each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the expense arising from administrative services rendered by Navios Holdingsamounted to $9,427, $7,608 and $7,314, respectively.Balance due from related parties (excluding Navios Europe I, Navios Europe II and Navios Holdings Credit Facility): Balance due from relatedparties as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $25,760 and $15,520, respectively, and included the short-term and long-term amounts duefrom Navios Holdings and Navios Midstream. The balances mainly consisted of administrative expenses and special survey and dry docking expenses forcertain vessels of our fleet, as well as management fees, in accordance with the Management Agreement.Omnibus AgreementsAcquisition Omnibus Agreement: Navios Acquisition entered into an omnibus agreement (the “Acquisition Omnibus Agreement”) with NaviosHoldings and Navios Partners in connection with the closing of Navios Acquisition’s initial vessel acquisition, pursuant to which, among other things,Navios Holdings and Navios Partners agreed not to acquire, charter-in or own liquid shipment vessels, except for container vessels and vessels that areprimarily employed in operations in South America without the consent of an independent committee of Navios Acquisition. In addition, NaviosAcquisition, under the Acquisition Omnibus Agreement, agreed to cause its subsidiaries not to acquire, own, operate or charter-in drybulk carriers underspecific exceptions. Under the Acquisition Omnibus Agreement, Navios Acquisition and its subsidiaries grant to Navios Holdings and Navios Partners a rightof first offer on any proposed sale, transfer or other disposition of any of its drybulk carriers and related charters owned or acquired by Navios Acquisition.Likewise, Navios Holdings and F-38 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Navios Partners agreed to grant a similar right of first offer to Navios Acquisition for any liquid shipment vessels they might own. These rights of first offerwill not apply to a: (a) sale, transfer or other disposition of vessels between any affiliated subsidiaries, or pursuant to the existing terms of any charter or otheragreement with a counterparty; or (b) merger with or into, or sale of substantially all of the assets to, an unaffiliated third party.Midstream Omnibus Agreement: Navios Acquisition entered into an omnibus agreement (the “Midstream Omnibus Agreement”), with NaviosMidstream, Navios Holdings and Navios Partners in connection with the Navios Midstream IPO, pursuant to which Navios Acquisition, Navios Midstream,Navios Holdings, Navios Partners and their controlled affiliates generally have agreed not to acquire or own any VLCCs, crude oil tankers, refined petroleumproduct tankers, LPG tankers or chemical tankers under time charters of five or more years without the consent of the Navios Midstream General Partner. TheMidstream Omnibus Agreement contains significant exceptions that will allow Navios Acquisition, Navios Holdings, Navios Partners or any of theircontrolled affiliates to compete with Navios Midstream under specified circumstances.Under the Midstream Omnibus Agreement, Navios Midstream and its subsidiaries will grant to Navios Acquisition a right of first offer on any proposedsale, transfer or other disposition of any of its VLCCs or any crude oil tankers, refined petroleum product tankers, LPG tankers or chemical tankers and relatedcharters owned or acquired by Navios Midstream. Likewise, Navios Acquisition will agree (and will cause its subsidiaries to agree) to grant a similar right offirst offer to Navios Midstream for any of the VLCCs, crude oil tankers, refined petroleum product tankers, LPG tankers or chemical tankers under charter forfive or more years it might own. These rights of first offer will not apply to a: (a) sale, transfer or other disposition of vessels between any affiliatedsubsidiaries, or pursuant to the terms of any charter or other agreement with a charter party, or (b) merger with or into, or sale of substantially all of the assetsto, an unaffiliated third-party.Backstop Agreement: On November 18, 2014, Navios Acquisition entered into backstop agreements with Navios Midstream. In accordance with theterms of the backstop agreements, Navios Acquisition has provided backstop commitments for a two-year period as of the redelivery of each of the NaveCeleste, the Shinyo Ocean and the Shinyo Kannika from their original charters, at a net rate of $35, $38.4 and $38, respectively. Navios Midstream hascurrently entered into new charter contracts for the above vessels with third parties upon their redelivery in first quarter of 2017. Those contracts provide forindex linked charter rates or pool earnings as the case may be. Backstop commitments will be triggered if the actual rates achieved are below the backstoprates.Navios Midstream General Partner Option Agreement with Navios Holdings: Navios Acquisition entered into an option agreement, datedNovember 18, 2014, with Navios Holdings under which Navios Acquisition grants Navios Holdings the option to acquire any or all of the outstandingmembership interests in Navios Midstream General Partner and all of the incentive distribution rights in Navios Midstream representing the right to receivean increasing percentage of the quarterly distributions when certain conditions are met. The option shall expire on November 18, 2024. Any such exerciseshall relate to not less than twenty-five percent of the option interest and the purchase price for the acquisition of all or part of the option interest shall be anamount equal to its fair market value.Option Vessels: In connection with the IPO of Navios Midstream, Navios Acquisition granted options to Navios Midstream, exercisable untilNovember 18, 2016, to purchase seven VLCCs (two of which, the Nave Celeste and the C. Dream were sold to Navios Midstream in June 2015 pursuant tosuch option) from Navios Acquisition at fair market value. On October 25, 2016, Navios Acquisition extended the option periods on three of the fiveremaining VLCCs, the Nave Buena Suerte, the Nave Neutrino and the Nave Electron, for an additional two-year period expiring on November 18, 2018. Thepurchase options pursuant to the extended period do not include any backstop commitments from Navios Acquisition. F-39 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Sale of C. Dream and Nave Celeste: On June 18, 2015, Navios Acquisition sold the vessel-owning subsidiaries of the C. Dream and the Nave Celesteto Navios Midstream for a sale price of $100,000 in total. Out of the $100,000 purchase price, $73,000 was paid in cash and the remaining amount was paidthrough the issuance of 1,592,920 subordinated Series A Units of Navios Midstream. In conjunction with the transaction, Navios Midstream also issued32,509 general partner units to the General Partner, in order for the General Partner to maintain its 2.0% general partnership interest, for $551.The Company recognized its incremental investment in Navios Midstream, which amounted to $27,665 under “Investment in affiliates”. Theinvestment was recognized at fair value at $17.02 per unit. The incremental investment included the Company’s share of the basis difference between the fairvalue and the underlying book value of Navios Midstream’s assets at the transaction date, which amounted to $2,554. Of this difference an amount of $(72)was allocated to the intangibles assets and $2,626 was allocated to the tangible assets. This difference is amortized through “Equity in net earnings ofaffiliated companies” over the remaining life of Navios Midstream’s tangible and intangible assets.The transaction resulted in a gain on sale of $14,742, of which $5,771 was recognized at the time of sale in the statements of income under “Gain onsale of vessels” and the remaining $8,971 representing profit of Navios Acquisition’s 60.9% interest in Navios Midstream has been deferred under “Deferredgain on sale of assets” and is being amortized over the vessels’ remaining useful life or until the vessels are sold. Subsequently, the deferred gain is amortizedto income over the remaining useful life of the vessel. The recognition of the deferred gain is accelerated in the event that (i) the vessel is subsequently soldor otherwise disposed of by Navios Midstream or (ii) the Company’s ownership interest in Navios Midstream is reduced.In connection with the public offerings of common units by Navios Midstream, a pro rata portion of the deferred gain is released to income upondilution of the Company’s ownership interest in Navios Midstream. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the unamortized deferred gain for all vessels andrights sold totaled $8,823 and $8,982, respectively, of which an amount of $994 and $0, respectively, was included in “Deferred revenue”. For the yearsended December 31, 2016 and 2015, Navios Acquisition recognized $159 and $11 of the deferred gain, respectively, in “Equity in net earnings of affiliatedcompanies”.Participation in offerings of affiliates: On July 29, 2016, Navios Midstream launched a continuous public offering of its common units for anaggregate offering of up to $25,000. (Refer also to Note 8 “Investment in affiliates”.)On September 30, 2016 and December 30, 2016, Navios Acquisition entered into securities purchase agreements with Navios Midstream pursuant towhich Navios Acquisition made an investment in Navios Midstream by purchasing 5,655 and 1,143 general partnership interests, respectively, for anaggregate consideration of $75 and $14, respectively, in order to maintain its 2.0% partnership interest in Navios Midstream in light of such continuouspublic offering.The Company determined, under the equity method, that the issuance of common units of Navios Midstream qualified as a sale of shares by theinvestee. As a result, a net loss of $246 was recognized in “Equity in net earnings of affiliated companies” for the year ended December 31, 2016.Balance due from Navios Europe I: Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners have made available to Navios Europe I revolvingloans up to $24,100 to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans I”). See Note 8 for the Investment in Navios Europe I. F-40 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Balance due from Navios Europe I as of December 31, 2016 amounted to $12,301 (December 31, 2015: $10,266) which included the NaviosRevolving Loans I of $7,125 (December 31, 2015: $7,125), the non-current amount of $2,231 (December 31, 2015: $1,398) related to the accrued interestincome earned under the Navios Term Loans I under the caption “Due from related parties, long-term” and the accrued interest income earned under theNavios Revolving Loans I of $2,945 (December 31, 2015: $1,743) under the caption “Due from related parties, short-term.”The Navios Revolving Loans I and the Navios Term Loans I earn interest and an annual preferred return, respectively, at 12.7% per annum, on aquarterly compounding basis and are repaid from free cash flow (as defined in the loan agreement) to the fullest extent possible at the end of each quarter.There are no covenant requirements or stated maturity dates. As of December 31, 2016, the amount undrawn under the Navios Revolving Loans I was $9,100,of which Navios Acquisition was committed to fund $4,323.Balance due from Navios Europe II: Navios Holdings, Navios Acquisition and Navios Partners have made available to Navios Europe II revolvingloans up to $43,500 to fund working capital requirements (collectively, the “Navios Revolving Loans II”). In March 2017 the availability under the NaviosRevolving Loans II was increased by $14,000. See Note 8 for the Investment in Navios Europe II.Balance due from Navios Europe II as of December 31, 2016 amounted to $16,393 (December 31, 2015: $8,525) which included the Navios RevolvingLoans II of $11,602 (December 31, 2015: $7,327), the non-current amount of $2,050 (December 31, 2015: $625) related to the accrued interest income earnedunder the Navios Term Loans II under the caption “Due from related parties, long-term” and the accrued interest income earned under the Navios RevolvingLoans II of $2,741 (December 31, 2015: $573) under the caption “Due from related parties, short-term.”The Navios Revolving Loans II and the Navios Term Loans II earn interest and an annual preferred return, respectively, at 18% per annum, on aquarterly compounding basis and are repaid from free cash flow (as defined in the loan agreement) to the fullest extent possible at the end of each quarter.There are no covenant requirements or stated maturity dates. As of December 31, 2016, the amount undrawn under the Navios Revolving Loans II was$19,075, of which Navios Acquisition was committed to fund $9,061.NOTE 16: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOn November 18, 2014, Navios Acquisition entered into backstop agreements with Navios Midstream. In accordance with the terms of the backstopagreements, Navios Acquisition has provided backstop commitments for a two-year period as of the redelivery of each of the Nave Celeste, the Shinyo Oceanand the Shinyo Kannika from their original charters, at a net rate of $35, $38.4 and $38, respectively. Navios Midstream has currently entered into newcharter contracts for the above vessels with third parties upon their redelivery in first quarter of 2017. Those contracts provide for index linked charter rates orpool earnings as the case may be. Backstop commitments will be triggered if the actual rates achieved are below the backstop rates.The Company is involved in various disputes and arbitration proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Provisions have been recognizedin the financial statements for all such proceedings where the Company believes that a liability may be probable, and for which the amounts are reasonablyestimable, based upon facts known at the date of the financial statements were prepared. In the opinion of the management, the ultimate disposition of thesematters individually and in aggregate will not materially affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity. F-41 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Legal ProceedingsOn April 1, 2016, Navios Holdings was named as a defendant in a putative shareholder derivative lawsuit brought by two alleged shareholders ofNavios Acquisition purportedly on behalf of nominal defendant, Navios Acquisition, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of NewYork, captioned Metropolitan Capital Advisors International Ltd., et al. v. Navios Maritime Holdings, Inc. et al., No. 1:16-cv-02437. The lawsuit challengedthe March 9, 2016 loan agreement between Navios Holdings and Navios Acquisition pursuant to which Navios Acquisition agreed to provide a $50,000credit facility (the “Revolver”) to Navios Holdings.On April 14, 2016, Navios Holdings and Navios Acquisition announced that the Revolver had been cancelled, and that no borrowings had been madeunder the Revolver. In June 2016, the parties reached an agreement resolving the plaintiffs’ application for attorneys’ fees and expenses which was approvedby an order of the Court. The litigation was dismissed upon notice of the order being provided to Navios Acquisition’s shareholders via the inclusion of theorder as an attachment to a Navios Acquisition Form 6-K and the payment of $775 by Navios Acquisition in satisfaction of the plaintiffs’ request forattorneys’ fees and expenses. A copy of the order was provided as an exhibit to Navios Acquisition’s Form 6-K filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on June 9, 2016.NOTE 17: PREFERRED AND COMMON STOCKPreferred StockOn March 30, 2011, pursuant to an Exchange Agreement Navios Holdings exchanged 7,676,000 shares of Navios Acquisition’s common stock it heldfor 1,000 non-voting Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Acquisition. Each holder of shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock shall beentitled at their option at any time, after March 31, 2013 to convert all or any of the outstanding shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock into a numberof fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock determined by multiplying each share of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock to be converted by7,676, subject to certain limitations. Upon the declaration of a common stock dividend, the holders of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled toreceive dividends on the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock in an amount equal to the amount that would have been received in the number of shares ofCommon Stock into which the Shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock held by each holder thereof could be converted. For the purpose of calculatingearnings / (loss) per share this preferred stock is treated as in-substance common stock and is allocated income / (losses) and considered in the dilutedcalculation.On September 17, 2010, Navios Acquisition issued 3,000 shares of the Company’s authorized Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to an independentthird party as a consideration for certain consulting and advisory fees related to the VLCC acquisition. The preferred stock has no voting rights, is onlyconvertible into shares of common stock and does not participate in dividends until such time as the shares are converted into common stock. The Series Ashares of preferred stock were fully converted to common stock that was issued on March 11, 2016.On October 29, 2010, Navios Acquisition issued 540 shares of the Company’s authorized Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to the seller of the twoLR1 product tankers. The preferred stock contains a 2% per annum dividend payable quarterly starting on January 1, 2011 and upon declaration by theCompany’s Board commences payment on March 31, 2011. The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends, willmandatorily convert into shares of common stock as follows: 30% of the outstanding amount will convert on June 30, 2015 and the remaining outstandingamounts will convert on June 30, 2020 at a price per share of common stock not less than $25.00. The holder of the preferred stock shall have the right toconvert the F-42 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) shares of preferred stock into common stock prior to the scheduled maturity dates at a price of $35.00 per share of common stock. The preferred stock doesnot have any voting rights.On June 30, 2015, 162 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (being 30% of the 540 shares originally issued), with nominal value of $10 pershare, were mandatorily converted into 64,800 shares of common stock at a conversion ratio of 1:25.On October 27, 2015, the remaining 378 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (being 70% of the 540 shares originally issued), with nominalvalue of $10 per share, were converted into 108,000 shares of common stock at a conversion ratio of 1:35.On March 11, 2016, 1,200,000 shares of common stock were issued as a result of the conversion of 3,000 shares of Series A Convertible PreferredStock.The Company was authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value preferred stock in total with such designations, voting and otherrights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s issued and outstanding preferred stock consisted of the 1,000 Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. As ofDecember 31, 2015, the Company’s issued and outstanding preferred stock consisted of the 1,000 Series C Convertible Preferred Stock and the 3,000 Series AConvertible Preferred Stock.Series D Convertible Preferred StockOn each of August 31, 2012, October 31, 2012, February 13, 2013 and April 24, 2013, Navios Acquisition issued 300 shares of its authorized Series DConvertible Preferred Stock (nominal and fair value $3,000) to a shipyard, in partial settlement of the purchase price of each of the newbuilding LR1 producttankers, Nave Cassiopeia, Nave Cetus, Nave Atropos and Nave Rigel. The preferred stock includes a 6% per annum dividend payable quarterly, starting oneyear after delivery of each vessel. The Series D Convertible Preferred Stock mandatorily converted into shares of common stock 30 months after issuance at aprice per share of common stock equal to $10.00. The holder of the preferred stock shall have the right to convert such shares of preferred stock into commonstock prior to the scheduled maturity dates at a price of $7.00 per share of common stock. The Series D Convertible Preferred Stock does not have any votingrights. Navios Acquisition is obligated to redeem the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (or converted common shares) at their nominal value of $10.00 atthe holder’s option. Beginning 18 months and no later than 60 months after the issuance of the preferred stock, the holder can exercise the option to requestthe redemption of up to 250 shares of preferred stock (or such number that has been converted to common shares) on a quarterly basis.The fair value was determined using a combination of the Black-Scholes model and discounted projected cash flows for the conversion option and put,respectively. The model used takes into account the credit spread of Navios Acquisition, the volatility of its stock, as well as the price of its stock at theissuance date. The convertible preferred stock is classified as temporary equity (i.e., apart from permanent equity) as a result of the redemption feature uponexercise of the put option granted to the holder of the preferred stock.In January 2015, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 250 shares of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and paid$2,500 to the holder upon redemption. F-43 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) In March 2015, 200 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were mandatorily converted into 200,000 shares of common stock. In conjunctionwith the conversion, the 200,000 shares of common stock have been reclassified to puttable common stock within temporary equity, as a result of anembedded put option of the holder for up to 30 months after the conversion date.In April 2015, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 75 shares of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and paid $750 tothe holder upon redemption.In April 2015, 200 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were mandatorily converted into 200,000 shares of common stock. In conjunctionwith the conversion, the 200,000 shares of common stock have been reclassified to puttable common stock within temporary equity, as a result of anembedded put option of the holder for up to 30 months.In July 2015, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option 50 shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and paid $500 to theholder upon redemption.In August 2015, 200 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were mandatorily converted into 200,000 shares of common stock. In conjunctionwith the conversion, the 200,000 shares of common stock have been reclassified to puttable common stock within temporary equity, as a result of anembedded put option of the holder for up to 30 months after the conversion date.In October 2015, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option 25 shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and paid $250 tothe holder upon redemption.In October 2015, 200 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 200,000 shares of common stock. In conjunction with theconversion, the 200,000 shares of common stock have been reclassified to puttable common stock within temporary equity, as a result of an embedded putoption of the holder for up to 30 months after the conversion date.As of each of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, no shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were outstanding: Series D Preferred Stock Number ofpreferred shares Amount Balance at December 31, 2014 1,200 $12,000 Conversion of 800 shares of the Series D Preferred Stock into 800,000 shares of puttable common stock (800) (8,000) Redemption of Series D Preferred Stock (400) (4,000) Balance at December 31, 2015 — $— Balance at December 31, 2016 — $— F-44 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the following shares of puttable common stock were outstanding: Puttable Common Stock Number ofcommon shares Amount Balance at December 31, 2014 — $— Conversion of 800 shares of the Series D Preferred Stock into 800,000 shares of puttable common stock 800,000 8,000 Redemption of puttable common stock (150,000) (1,500) Balance at December 31, 2015 650,000 $6,500 Redemption of 400,000 shares of the puttable common stock (400,000) (4,000) Balance at December 31, 2016 250,000 $2,500 Common Stock and puttable common stockPursuant to an Exchange Agreement entered into on March 30, 2011, Navios Holdings exchanged 7,676,000 shares of Navios Acquisition’s commonstock it held for 1,000 non-voting shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of Navios Acquisition.On February 20, 2014, Navios Acquisition completed the public offering of 14,950,000 shares of its common stock at $3.85 per share, raising grossproceeds of $57,556. These figures include 1,950,000 shares sold pursuant to the underwriters’ option, which was exercised in full. Total net proceeds of theabove transactions, net of agents’ costs of $3,022 and offering costs of $247, amounted to $54,289.On March 2, 2015, 200 shares of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were mandatorily converted into 200,000 shares of puttable common stockand on April 24, 2015, 25,000 shares of such puttable common stock were redeemed for $250.On April 30, 2015, 200 shares of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were mandatorily converted into 200,000 shares of puttable common stock.On June 30, 2015, 162 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 64,800 shares of common stock.On July 15, 2015, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 50,000 shares of the puttable common stock and paid $500 to theholder upon redemption.On August 13, 2015, 200 shares of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were mandatorily converted into 200,000 shares of puttable common stock.On October 2, 2015, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 75,000 shares of the puttable common stock and paid $750 to theholder upon redemption.On October 26, 2015, 200 shares of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 200,000 shares of puttable common stock.On October 27, 2015, 378 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock were mandatorily converted into 108,000 shares of common stock. F-45 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Under the share repurchase program, for up to $50,000, approved and authorized by the Board of Directors, Navios Acquisition has repurchased2,704,752 shares for a total cost of approximately $9,904, as of December 31, 2015. The share repurchase program expired in December 2016.On January 6, 2016, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 100,000 shares of the puttable common stock and paid cash of$1,000 to the holder upon redemption.On March 11, 2016, 1,200,000 shares of common stock were issued as a result of the conversion of 3,000 shares of Series A Convertible PreferredStock.On April 1, 2016, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 100,000 shares of the puttable common stock and paid cash of $1,000to the holder upon redemption.On July 1, 2016, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 100,000 shares of the puttable common stock and paid cash of $1,000to the holder upon redemption.On October 3, 2016, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 100,000 shares of the puttable common stock and paid cash of$1,000 to the holder upon redemption.As of December 31, 2016, the Company was authorized to issue 250,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock of which 150,582,990 wereissued and outstanding.Stock based compensationIn October 2013, Navios Acquisition authorized and issued to its directors in the aggregate of 2,100,000 restricted shares of common stock and optionsto purchase 1,500,000 shares of common stock having an exercise price of $3.91 per share and an expiration term of 10 years. These awards of restrictedcommon stock and stock options are based on service conditions only and vest ratably over a period of three years (33.33% each year). The holders ofrestricted stock are entitled to dividends paid on the same schedule as paid to the common stockholders of the company. The fair value of restricted stock wasdetermined by reference to the quoted stock price on the date of grant of $3.99 per share (or total fair value of $8,379).The fair value of stock option grants was determined with reference to the option pricing model, and principally adjusted Black-Scholes models, usinghistorical volatility, historical dividend yield, zero forfeiture rate, risk free rate equal to 10-year U.S. treasury bond and the simplified method for determiningthe expected option term since the Company did not have sufficient historical exercise data upon which to have a reasonable basis to estimate the expectedoption term. The fair value of stock options was calculated at $0.79 per option (or $1,188). Compensation expense is recognized based on a graded expensemodel over the vesting period of three years from the date of the grant.The effect of compensation expense arising from the stock based arrangements described above amounted to $864, $2,362 and $5,254 for the yearsended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and was reflected in general and administrative expenses on the statements of income. Therecognized compensation expense for the year was presented as an adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities on thestatements of cash flows.There were no restricted stock or stock options exercised, forfeited or expired during the year ended December 31, 2016. F-46 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) On October 24, 2016, 2015 and 2014, 700,005, 700,001 and 699,994 shares of restricted stock, respectively, were vested. Accordingly, there are norestricted shares outstanding and non-vested shares as of December 31, 2016 (outstanding and non-vested restricted shares as of December 31, 2015amounted to 700,005).On each of October 24, 2016, 2015 and 2014, 500,000 stock options were vested. Accordingly, there were no stock options outstanding andnon-vested as of December 31, 2016 (outstanding and non-vested stock options as of December 31, 2015 amounted to 500,000).The weighted average contractual life of stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2016 was 6.8 years.NOTE 18: SEGMENT INFORMATIONNavios Acquisition reports financial information and evaluates its operations by charter revenues. Navios Acquisition does not use discrete financialinformation to evaluate operating results for each type of charter. As a result, management reviews operating results solely by revenue per day and operatingresults of the fleet and thus Navios Acquisition has determined that it operates under one reportable segment.The following table sets out operating revenue by geographic region for Navios Acquisition’s reportable segment. Revenue is allocated on the basis ofthe geographic region in which the customer is located. Tanker vessels operate worldwide. Revenues from specific geographic regions which contribute over10% of total revenue are disclosed separately.Revenue by Geographic RegionVessels operate on a worldwide basis and are not restricted to specific locations. Accordingly, it is not possible to allocate the assets of these operationsto specific countries. Year EndedDecember 31,2016 Year EndedDecember 31,2015 Year EndedDecember 31,2014 Asia $179,256 $208,690 $167,670 Europe 40,237 40,147 40,875 United States 70,752 64,559 56,332 Total Revenue $290,245 $313,396 $264,877 NOTE 19: EARNINGS PER COMMON SHAREEarnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of commonstock of Navios Acquisition outstanding during the period. F-47 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) Net income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was adjusted for the purposes of earnings per share calculation, for the dividendson Series B Preferred Shares, Series D preferred shares, restricted shares and for the undistributed (income) that is attributable to Series C preferred stock. Year endedDecember 31,2016 Year endedDecember 31,2015 Year endedDecember 31,2014 Numerator: Net income $62,878 $89,737 $13,047 Less: Dividend declared on preferred shares Series B — (78) (108) Dividend declared on preferred shares Series D — (281) (642) Dividend declared on restricted shares (105) (245) (385) Undistributed (income) attributable to Series C participating preferred shares (3,058) (4,337) (541) Net income attributable to common stockholders, basic $59,715 $84,796 $11,371 Plus: Dividend declared on preferred shares Series B — 78 — Dividend declared on preferred shares Series D — 281 — Dividend declared on restricted shares 105 245 — Undistributed income attributable to Series C participating preferred shares — — 541 Net income attributable to common stockholders, diluted 59,820 85,400 11,912 Denominator: Denominator for basic net income per share — weighted average shares 149,932,713 150,025,086 147,606,448 Series A preferred stock 232,787 1,200,000 1,200,000 Series B preferred stock — 156,893 — Series C preferred stock — — 7,676,000 Series D preferred stock — 647,758 — Restricted shares 570,656 1,270,658 — Denominator for diluted net income per share — adjusted weighted average shares 150,736,156 153,300,395 156,482,448 Basic net earnings per share $0.40 $0.57 $0.08 Diluted net earnings per share $0.40 $0.56 $0.08 Potential common shares of 9,176,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 (which includes Series C Preferred Stock and stock options) andDecember 31, 2015 (which includes Series C Preferred Stock and stock options), and 4,830,286 for the year ended December 31, 2014 (which includes SeriesB and Series D Preferred Stock, restricted stock and stock options) have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase earnings per share or decrease loss pershare) and are therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.NOTE 20: INCOME TAXESMarshall Islands, Cayman Islands, British Virgin Islands, and Hong Kong, do not impose a tax on international shipping income. Under the laws ofthese countries, the countries of incorporation of the Company and its subsidiaries and /or vessels’ registration, the companies are subject to registration andtonnage taxes which have been included in the daily management fee. F-48 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) In accordance with the currently applicable Greek law, foreign flagged vessels that are managed by Greek or foreign ship management companieshaving established an office in Greece are subject to duties towards the Greek state which are calculated on the basis of the relevant vessels’ tonnage. Thepayment of said duties exhausts the tax liability of the foreign ship owning company and the relevant manager against any tax, duty, charge or contributionpayable on income from the exploitation of the foreign flagged vessel. In case that tonnage tax and/or similar taxes/duties are paid to the vessel’s flag state,these are deducted from the amount of the duty to be paid in Greece. The amount included in Navios Acquisition’s statements of income for each of the yearsended December 31, 2016 and 2015, related to the Greek Tonnage tax was $612 and $551, respectively.Pursuant to Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code of the United States (the “Code”), U.S. source income from the international operation of ships isgenerally exempt from U.S. income tax if the company operating the ships meets certain incorporation and ownership requirements. Among other things, inorder to qualify for this exemption, the company operating the ships must be incorporated in a country, which grants an equivalent exemption from incometaxes to U.S. corporations. All the Navios Acquisition’s ship-operating subsidiaries satisfy these initial criteria. In addition, these companies must meet anownership test. Subject to proposed regulations becoming finalized in their current form, the management of Navios Acquisition believes by virtue of aspecial rule applicable to situations where the ship operating companies are beneficially owned by a publicly traded company like Navios Acquisition, thesecond criterion can also be satisfied based on the trading volume and ownership of the Company’s shares, but no assurance can be given that this willremain so in the future.NOTE 21: RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTSIn January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, “Business Combinations” to clarify the definition of a business withthe objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisition (or disposals) of assets orbusinesses. Under current implementation guidance the existence of an integrated set of acquired activities (inputs and processes that generate outputs)constitutes an acquisition of business. This ASU provides a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities does not constitute a business. The screenrequires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group ofsimilar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This update is effective for public entities with reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017,including interim periods within those years. The amendments of this ASU should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. Early adoption ispermitted, including adoption in an interim period (i) for transactions for which the acquisition date occurs before the issuance date or effective date of theASU, only when the transaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance and (ii) for transactions inwhich a subsidiary is deconsolidated or a group of assets is derecognized that occur before the issuance date or effective date of the amendments, only whenthe transaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently assessing theimpact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-03 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments-Equity Method and JointVentures (Topic 323).” The ASU amends the Codification for SEC staff announcements made at recent Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) meetings. The SECguidance that specifically relates to our Consolidated Financial Statements was from the September 2016 meeting, where the SEC staff expressed theirexpectations about the extent of disclosures registrants should make about the effects of the new FASB guidance as well as any amendments issued prior toadoption, on revenue (ASU 2014-09), leases (ASU 2016-02) and credit losses on financial instruments (ASU 2016-13) in accordance with SAB Topic 11.M.Registrants are required to disclose the effect that recently issued accounting standards will have on their F-49 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) financial statements when adopted in a future period. In cases where a registrant cannot reasonably estimate the impact of the adoption, then additionalqualitative disclosures should be considered. The ASU incorporates these SEC staff views into ASC 250 and adds references to that guidance in the transitionparagraphs of each of the three new standards. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s ConsolidatedFinancial Statements.In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. This Update addresses the classificationand presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. The amendments are effective forpublic business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for allentities. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”. This updateaddresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The amendments are effective for public businessentities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. TheCompany is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)”. ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects ofaccounting for stock based compensation including the tax consequences, classification of awards as equity or liabilities, forfeitures and classification on thestatement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlyapplication is permitted. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 will apply to both types of leases — capital (or finance) leasesand operating leases. According to the new Accounting Standard, lessees will be required to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rightsand obligations created by all leases with terms of more than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018,including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this newaccounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnotes disclosures.In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10)—Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assetsand Financial Liabilities”. The amendments in this ASU require an entity (i) to measure equity investments (except those accounted for under the equitymethod of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; (ii) to perform aqualitative assessment to identify impairment in equity investments without readily determinable fair values; (iii) to present separately in othercomprehensive income the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk; and (iv) to present separately financial assetsand financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet. Theamendments also eliminate the requirement, for public business entities, to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair valueof financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet and clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on adeferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. For public business entities, ASU 2016-01is effective for fiscal years F-50 NAVIOS MARITIME ACQUISITION CORPORATIONNOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars except share and per share data) beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a materialimpact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure ofUncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. This standard requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as agoing concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. Before this new standard, no accounting guidance existed formanagement on when and how to assess or disclose going concern uncertainties. The amendments are effective for annual periods ending after December 15,2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted. The adoption of the new standard had noimpact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” clarifying the method used to determine the timing andrequirements for revenue recognition on the statements of income. Under the new standard, an entity must identify the performance obligations in a contract,the transaction price and allocate the price to specific performance obligations to recognize the revenue when the obligation is completed. The amendmentsin this update also require disclosure of sufficient information to allow users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cashflow arising from contracts. The new accounting guidance was originally effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. InAugust 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. The standard will be effective forpublic entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. The Company is currently assessing the impactthat adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.NOTE 22: SUBSEQUENT EVENTSOn January 17, 2017, Navios Acquisition redeemed, through the holder’s put option, 100,000 shares of the puttable common stock and paid cash of$1,000 to the holder upon redemption.On February 3, 2017, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in respect of the fourth quarter of 2016 of $0.05 per share of commonstock payable on March 14, 2017 to stockholders of record as of March 7, 2017. The declaration and payment of any further dividends remain subject to thediscretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, Navios Acquisition’s cash requirements as measured by market opportunitiesand restrictions under its credit agreements and other debt obligations and such other factors as the Board of Directors may deem advisable.In February 2017, the Company drew $26,650 under the new credit facility with ABN AMRO Bank N.V. which is secured with its two chemicaltankers, following the full repayment of the previous financing arrangements. The facility is repayable in four equal consecutive quarterly installmentsof $650 each, with a final balloon payment of the balance to be repaid on the last repayment date. The maturity date of the loan is in February 2018. The loanbears interest at LIBOR plus 400 bps per annum.On February 16, 2017 Navios Acquisition entered into securities purchase agreements with Navios Midstream pursuant to which Navios Acquisitionmade an investment in Navios Midstream by purchasing 6,446 general partnership interests, respectively, for an aggregate consideration of $79 in order tomaintain its 2.0% partnership interest in Navios Midstream in light of such continuous public offering. F-51

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