NETGEAR
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 _______________ Form 10-K þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. For the transition period from to For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 or Commission file number 000-50350 _______________ NETGEAR, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 350 East Plumeria Drive, San Jose, California (Address of principal executive offices) 77-0419172 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 95134 (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (408) 907-8000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, par value $0.001 Name of each exchange on which registered The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Global Select Market) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No o Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ Securities registered pursuant to 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company o o o If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act.) Yes o No þ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of July 1, 2018 was approximately $958.3 million . Such aggregate market value was computed by reference to the closing price of the common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 29, 2018 (the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed fiscal second quarter). Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director and each entity that owns 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. The determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's Common Stock, $0.001 par value, was 31,505,702 shares as of February 15, 2019 . DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant's 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K. Table of Contents Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Item 15. Item 16. Signatures TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation PART III Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services PART IV Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary 1 10 34 34 34 34 35 37 40 58 59 118 118 118 119 119 119 119 119 120 122 123 Table of Contents PART I This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”), including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 below, includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Form 10-K, including statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A below, and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, including, among other things: future demand for our products may be lower than anticipated; consumers may choose not to adopt our new product offerings or adopt competing products; the actual price, performance and ease of use of our products may not meet the price, performance and ease of use requirements of consumers; our dependence on certain significant customers; our reliance on a limited number of third-party suppliers and manufacturers; new cyber threats may challenge the effectiveness or threaten the security of our products; and our business strategies and development plans may not be successful. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Form 10-K may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K are based on information available to us as of the date hereof, such information may be limited or incomplete, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes contained in this Form 10-K. Item 1. Business General We are a global company that delivers innovative networking and Internet connected products to consumers and businesses. We operate and report in two segments: Connected Home, and Small and Medium Business (“SMB”). The Connected Home segment is focused on consumers and consists of high- performance, dependable and easy-to-use 4G/5G mobile, Wi-Fi internet networking solutions and smart devices such as Orbi Voice smart speakers and Meural digital canvas. The SMB segment is focused on small and medium-sized businesses and consists of business networking, storage, wireless LAN and security solutions that bring enterprise-class functionality to small and medium-sized businesses at an affordable price. We are organized into the following three geographic territories: Americas; Europe, Middle-East and Africa (“EMEA”) and Asia Pacific (“APAC”). On February 6, 2018, we announced that the Board of Directors had unanimously approved the pursuit of a separation of our smart camera business “Arlo” from NETGEAR (the “Separation”) to be effected by way of initial public offering (“IPO”) and spin-off. On August 2, 2018, Arlo and NETGEAR announced the pricing of Arlo's IPO and subsequently listed on the New York Stock Exchange on August 3, 2018 under the symbol “ARLO”. Upon completion of the IPO on August 7, 2018, we held approximately 84.2% of the outstanding shares of Arlo common stock. On December 31, 2018, we completed the distribution of 62,500,000 shares of the outstanding common stock of Arlo to NETGEAR’s shareholders (the “Distribution”) and no longer own any shares of Arlo common stock. Upon Arlo's Distribution on December 31, 2018, Arlo’s historical financial results for periods prior to the Distribution are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for the periods presented. For further detail, refer to Note 3, Discontinued Operations, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We were incorporated in Delaware on January 8, 1996. Our website address is www.netgear.com. In the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , we generated net revenue of $1.06 billion , $1.04 billion , and $1.14 billion , respectively. 1 Table of Contents Markets Our mission is to be the innovative leader in connecting the world to the internet. Our goal includes being the provider of industry-leading networking and smart connected products for consumers, businesses, and service providers. There are a number of factors that are driving today's demand for products within these markets. The ever-growing number of internet connected devices, such as smart phones, laptops, tablets and the advent of Smart Home and Internet-of-Things devices has increased the need for more robust networking solutions. The internet has enabled information and resource sharing via both local area networks, and more broadly via the internet. To take advantage of complex applications, advanced communication capabilities and rich multimedia content, internet connections are being upgraded by deploying high-speed broadband access technologies. Users also seek the convenience and flexibility of operating their laptops, smart phones, tablets and related computing devices while accessing their content in a more mobile, or wireless, manner. Increased market demand for Smart Home and internet-connected products, such as Smart TVs, game consoles, HD streaming players, security cameras, thermostats, smoke detectors, smart speakers and voice controlled assistants, etc., continue to drive new innovations in networking and related service offerings. As a result, the need and desire for more convenience, speed, coverage range, and reliability of an in-home Wi-Fi network as well as mobile cellular networks has become a greater priority among households as well as businesses. Consumers, businesses and service providers demand a complete set of wired and wireless networking as well as broadband products that are tailored to their specific needs and budgets, while incorporating the latest networking technologies. Although these users desire the continual introduction of new advanced technologies, they often lack technical knowledge and resources. Therefore, a seamless 'plug-and-play' or easy-to-install experience with no need for customer service and support is the expected norm. We have also observed that this audience prefers the convenience of obtaining a networking solution from a single company and we have seen that they tend to be loyal purchasers of a brand with which they have had a good experience. Purchasing decisions in these markets are driven by the affordability and reliability of the products. To provide reliable, easy-to-use products at an attractive price, we believe a successful supplier must have a company-wide focus on the unique requirements of these markets, operational discipline and a cost-efficient infrastructure with processes that allow for efficient product development, manufacturing and distribution. Sales Channels We sell our products through multiple sales channels worldwide, including wholesale distributors, traditional and online retailers, direct market resellers ("DMRs"), value-added resellers ("VARs"), and broadband service providers. Wholesale Distribution. Our distribution channel supplies our products to retailers, e-commerce resellers, DMRs, VARs and broadband service providers. We sell directly to our distributors, the largest of which are Ingram Micro, Inc., D&H Distributing Company and Tech Data Corporation. Retailers. Our retail channel primarily supplies products that are sold into the consumer market. However, increasingly we are seeing products designed for small and medium-sized businesses move through these channels. We sell directly to, or enter into consignment arrangements with, a number of our traditional and online retailers. The remaining traditional retailers, as well as our online retailers, are fulfilled through wholesale distributors. We work directly with our retail channels on market development activities, such as co-advertising, on-line promotions and video demonstrations, instant rebate programs, event sponsorship and sales associate training. Our largest retailers include Best Buy Co., Inc., Amazon.com, Inc. and their affiliates. DMRs and VARs. We sell into the business marketplace through an extensive network of DMRs and VARs. Our DMRs include companies such as CDW and Insight. VARs include our network of registered NETGEAR Solution Partners. DMRs and VARs may receive sales incentives, marketing support and other program benefits from us. Our DMRs and VARs generally purchase our products through our wholesale distributors. Broadband Service Providers. We also supply our products directly to broadband service providers in the United States and internationally providing cable, DSL and 4G/5G mobile broadband. Service providers supply our products to their business and home subscribers. Our largest broadband service providers include AT&T and Telstra. The largest portion of our net revenues was derived from Americas sales in the year ended December 31, 2018 . Americas sales as a percentage of net revenue was 66.2% in the year ended December 31, 2018 , up from 64.0% in the year ended December 31, 2017 . We have continuously committed resources to our international operations and sales channels. Accordingly, we are subject to a number of risks related to international operations such as macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions, geopolitical instability, preference for locally branded products, exchange rate fluctuations, increased difficulty in managing 2 Table of Contents inventory, challenges of staffing and managing foreign operations, the effect of international sales on our tax structure, and changes in local tax laws. For further information regarding these risks, refer to Item 1A, Risk Factors of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Best Buy Co., Inc. and affiliates and Amazon and affiliates each accounted for 10% or more of net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Product Offerings Our products are built on a variety of proven technologies such as wireless (Wi-Fi and 4G/5G mobile), Ethernet and powerline, with a focus on reliability and ease-of-use. Our product line consists of devices that create and extend wired and wireless networks as well as devices that provide a special function and attach to the network, such as digital canvasses and smart mesh Wi-Fi speakers. These products are available in multiple configurations to address the changing needs of our customers in each geographic region in which our products are sold. Auxiliary to these hardware offerings, we have added services for our installed base of customers through applications available via subscription models that deliver more features that enhance the experience with our products. Smart Home / Connected Home / Broadband access. Products that create and extend wired and wireless networks in homes and small businesses to connect devices to the internet, enable connection to broadband networks, as well as devices that connect to the internet in delivering functionality. These products are sold primarily via brick and mortar retail, e-commerce, and service provider channels and include: • Broadband modems, which are devices that convert the broadband signals into Ethernet data that feeds Internet into homes and offices. We provide modems that connect to DOCSIS 3.x, xDSL, FTTx, and 4G/5G mobile; • Wi-Fi Gateways, which are Wi-Fi routers with an integrated broadband modem, for broadband Internet access; • Wi-Fi Hotspots, which create mobile Wi-Fi Internet access that utilizes 4G/5G mobile and 5G data networks for use on the go, and at home in place of traditional wired broadband, Internet access; • Wi-Fi routers and home Wi-Fi Systems, which create a local area network (LAN) for home or office computer, mobile and Smart Devices to connect and share a broadband Internet connection; • Wi-Fi range extenders, which extend the range of an existing Wi-Fi network to eliminate Wi-Fi dead spots; • Powerline adapters and bridges, which extend wired and Wi-Fi Internet connections to any AC outlet using existing electrical wiring; • Wi-Fi network adapters, which enable computing devices to be connected to the network via Wi-Fi; • Digital Canvasses, which enable users to display digital art and photos; and • Value added service offerings such as technical support, parental controls and cybersecurity protection for consumers. Small and Medium business solutions. These products are sold into the small and medium business marketplace through an extensive network of DMRs and VARs, and increasingly through brick and mortar retail and e-commerce channels and include: • Ethernet switches, which are multiple port devices used to network computing devices and peripherals via Ethernet wiring; • Wireless controllers, access points and Wi-Fi systems, which are devices used to manage and control Wi-Fi on a campus or a facility providing Wi-Fi connections to smart phones, tablets, laptops and other computing devices; 3 Table of Contents • • Unified storage, which delivers file and block based data into a single shared storage system, meeting the demands of small enterprises, education, hospitality and health markets through an easy-to-use interface for managing multiple storage protocols; and Internet security appliances, which provide internet access through capabilities such as firewalls and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). We design our products and services to meet the specific needs of the consumer, business and service provider markets, tailoring various elements of the software interface, the product design, including component specification, physical characteristics such as casing, design and coloration, and specific user interface features to meet the needs of these markets. We also leverage many of our technological developments, high volume manufacturing, technical support and engineering infrastructure across our markets to maximize business efficiencies. Our products that target the business market are generally designed with an industrial appearance, including metal cases and, for some product categories, the ability to mount the product within standard data networking racks as well as unique mounting solutions for other uses. These products typically include higher port counts, higher data transfer rates and other performance characteristics designed to meet the needs of a business user. For example, we offer data transfer rates up to ten gigabits per second for our business products to meet the higher capacity requirements of business users. Some of these products are also designed to support transmission modes such as fiber optic cabling, which is common in more sophisticated business environments. Security requirements within our products for business broadband access include firewall and VPN capabilities that allow for secure interactions between remote offices and business headquarter locations over the internet. Our connectivity product offerings for the business market include enhanced security and remote configurability often required in a business setting. Our ReadyNAS ® family of network attached storage products implements redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) data protection, enabling businesses to store and protect critical data easily, efficiently and intelligently. Our vision for the home network is about intelligently controlling and monitoring all devices connected to the home network at all times, thus creating a Smart Environment. Our focus is to continue to introduce new products and services into growth areas that form the basis of Smart Homes, such as: the fastest Wi- Fi standards with broadest coverage via latest technology (802.11ax) Wi-Fi routers and home Wi-Fi systems; high speed DOCSIS 3.1, xDSL and fiber gateways with more integrated functions; 5G mobile gateways and mobile hotspots; Digital Canvasses; and other automation devices. We continue to announce and introduce new products in these key markets. Our vision for the business network is to increase the effectiveness, efficiency and supportability of the hybrid cloud access network. We believe small and medium-sized enterprises will continue to move into cloud-based applications, such as: Salesforce.com, Ring Central, Zoom video conferencing, SuccessFactors, Workday, and others. In addition, we believe these enterprises will move into utility-like on demand computing power supplied by third party data centers. Also, increasingly more enterprises are enabling the BYOD (bring your own device) environment allowing smart phones, tablets, and netbooks to be the business computing devices of choice. We believe that the need for cost efficient and easy-to-use video surveillance by small businesses and corporate offices will continue to grow and fuel the growth of our POE(+) market, with its ability to power 4K cameras. These trends will place a greater demand on business networks. To meet this demand we are introducing next generation technology, such as: Enhanced Power over Ethernet (PoE) switches, Multi-gigabit Ethernet switches, Wi-Fi mesh systems, high capacity local and remote unified storage, small to medium capacity campus wireless LAN, and security appliances. In addition, our Insight line of cloud-connected networking devices can be managed remotely and securely via mobile Apps or Browser interfaces, providing continuous monitoring and instantaneous fault notification. Competition The consumer, business and service provider markets are intensely competitive and subject to rapid technological change. We expect competition to continue to intensify. Our principal competitors include: • within the consumer markets, companies such as ARRIS, ASUS, AVM, Linksys (owned by Foxconn), Devolo, D-Link, Eero (which recently agreed to be purchased by Amazon), Google, Samsung, Synology, Symantec, TP Link, and Western Digital; • within the business markets, companies such as Allied Telesys, Barracuda, Buffalo, Cisco Systems, Dell, D-Link, Fortinet, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise, QNAP Systems, Seagate Technology, SonicWall, Synology, TP Link, Ubiquiti, WatchGuard and Western Digital; and 4 Table of Contents • within the service provider markets, companies such as Actiontec, Airties, Arcadyan, ARRIS, ASUS, AVM, Compal Broadband, D-Link, Eero (which recently agreed to be purchased by Amazon), Franklin, Google, Hitron, Huawei, Novatel Wireless, Plume, Sagem, Sercomm, SMC Networks, TechniColor, TP-Link, Ubee, ZTE and ZyXEL. Our potential competitors include other consumer electronics vendors, including Amazon, Apple, LG Electronics, Microsoft, Panasonic, Sony, Toshiba and Vizio, who could integrate networking and streaming capabilities into their line of products, such as televisions, set top boxes, voice assistants and gaming consoles, and our channel customers who may decide to offer self-branded networking products. We also face competition from service providers who may bundle a free networking device with their broadband service offering, which would reduce our sales if we were not the supplier of choice to those service providers. In the service provider space, we also face significant and increased competition from original design manufacturers ("ODMs") and contract manufacturers ("CMs") who are selling and attempting to sell their products directly to service providers around the world. Many of our existing and potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources. As a result, they may have more advanced technology, larger distribution channels, stronger brand names, better customer service and access to more customers than we do. For example, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise has significant brand name recognition and has an advertising presence substantially greater than ours. Similarly, Cisco Systems is well recognized as a leader in providing networking products to businesses, while Google competes in the consumer Wi-Fi product market, and both have substantially greater financial resources than we do. Several of our competitors, such as TP-Link, offer a range of products that directly compete with most of our product offerings. Several of our other competitors primarily compete in a more limited manner. For example, Cisco and Dell sell networking products primarily targeted at larger businesses or enterprises. However, the competitive environment in which we operate changes rapidly. Other companies with significant resources could also become direct competitors, either through acquiring a competitor or through internal efforts. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the consumer, business and service provider markets for networking products include product breadth, size and scope of the sales channel, brand name, timeliness of new product introductions, product availability, performance, features, functionality and reliability, price, ease-of-installation, maintenance and use, and customer service and support. We believe our products are competitive in these markets based on these factors. To remain competitive, we must invest significant resources in developing new products and enhancing our current products while continuing to expand our sales channels and maintaining customer satisfaction worldwide. Research and Development Our success depends on our ability to develop products that meet changing user needs and to anticipate and proactively respond to evolving technology in a timely and cost-effective manner. Accordingly, we have made investments in our research and development department in order to effectively evaluate existing and new third-party technologies, develop existing and new in-house technologies, and develop and test new products and services. Our research and development employees work closely with our technology and manufacturing partners to bring our products to market in a timely, high quality and cost-efficient manner. We identify, qualify or self-develop new technologies to develop products using one or more of the methodologies described below. ODM. Under the ODM methodology, we define the product concept and specification and recommend the technology selection. We then coordinate with our technology suppliers while they develop the product meeting our specification. On certain new products, one or more subsystems of the design can be done in- house and then integrated with the remaining design pieces from the ODM. Once prototypes are completed, we work with our partners to complete the debugging and systems integration and testing. After completion of the final tests, agency approvals and product documentation, the product is released for production. In-House Development. Under the in-house development model, one or more subsystems of the product are designed and developed utilizing the NETGEAR engineering team. Under this model, some of the primary technology is developed in-house. We then work closely with either an ODM or a Joint Development Manufacturer ("JDM") to complete the development of the entire design, perform the necessary testing, and obtain regulatory approvals before the product is released for production. 5 Table of Contents Manufacturing Our primary manufacturers are Cloud Network Technology (more commonly known as HonHai Precision or Foxconn Corporation), Delta Electronics Incorporated, Wistron NeWeb Corporation, and Pegatron Corporation, all of which are headquartered in Taiwan. Beginning in September 2018 and upon the introduction of Section 301 tariffs by the US government on a significant number of US bound products manufactured in China, we commenced a plan to migrate manufacturing locations substantially away from mainland China. We expect this migration to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2019 and upon completion substantially all of our manufacturing relating to US bound products will occur in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Taiwan. Products sourced for markets outside of the US will continue to be substantially manufactured in China and Vietnam. We distribute our manufacturing among our key suppliers to avoid excessive concentration with a single supplier. However, there has been an increase in supplier concentration since 2015 and we expect this concentration to continue over the course of 2019 to 2020. Any disruptions from natural disasters, health epidemics and political, social and economic instability would affect the ability of our manufacturers to manufacture our products. If our manufacturers or warehousing facilities are disrupted or destroyed, we would have no other readily available alternatives for manufacturing our products and our business would be significantly impacted. In addition to their responsibility for the manufacturing of our products, our manufacturers typically purchase all necessary parts and materials to produce complete, finished goods. To maintain quality standards for our suppliers, we have established our own product quality organization based in Hong Kong and mainland China. They are responsible for auditing and inspecting process and product quality on the premises of our ODMs and JDMs. We obtain several key components from limited or sole sources. For example, many of the semiconductors used in our products are designed specifically for our products and are obtained from sole source suppliers on a purchase order basis. In addition, some components that are used in our products are obtained from limited sources. These components include connector jacks, plastic casings and physical layer transceivers. From a limited number of suppliers, we obtain switching fabric semiconductors, which are used in our Ethernet switches and internet gateway products; wireless local area network chipsets which are used in our wireless products and mobile network chipsets which are used in our wireless gateways and hotspots. Our third party manufacturers generally purchase these components on our behalf on a purchase order basis. If these sources fail to satisfy our supply requirements, our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries would be harmed and we may lose sales and experience increased component costs. We currently outsource warehousing and distribution logistics to four main third-party providers who are responsible for warehousing, distribution logistics and order fulfillment. In addition, these parties are also responsible for some configuration and re-packaging of our products including bundling components to form kits, inserting appropriate documentation, disk drive configuration, and adding power adapters. APL Logistics Americas, Ltd. in City of Industry, California serves the Americas region, Kerry Logistics Ltd. in Hong Kong serves the Asia Pacific region, DSV Solutions B.V. Netherlands serves the EMEA region, and Brightstar Logistics Pty Ltd. in Melbourne, VIC, Australia serves Australia and New Zealand. Sales and Marketing We work directly with our customers on market development activities, such as co-advertising, online promotions and video demonstrations, event sponsorship and sales associate training. We also participate in major industry trade shows and marketing events. Our marketing department is comprised of our channel marketing, product marketing and corporate marketing groups. Our channel marketing team focuses on working with the sales teams to maximize our participation in channel partner marketing activities and merchandise our products both online and in store. Our product marketing group focuses on product strategy, product development roadmaps, the new product introduction process, product lifecycle management, demand assessment and competitive analysis. The group works closely with our sales and research and development groups to align our product development roadmap to meet customer technology demands from a strategic perspective. The group also ensures that product development activities, product launches, and ongoing demand and supply planning occur in a well-managed, timely basis in coordination with our development, manufacturing, and sales groups, as well as our ODM and sales channel partners. Our corporate marketing group is responsible for defining and building our corporate brand and supporting the business units with creative and marketing strategies and tactics. The group focuses on defining our brand promise and marketing messages on a worldwide basis. This group is also responsible for driving the social media and online marketing strategy, public relations, 6 Table of Contents install base marketing programs, community engagement programs, sponsorships and events, and corporate websites worldwide, as well as creative production for all product categories. We conduct most of our international sales and marketing operations through wholly-owned subsidiaries, which operate via sales and marketing subsidiaries and branch offices worldwide. Customer Support We design our products with ease-of-use top of mind. We respond globally to customer inquiries through a variety of channels including phone, chat, community, social, and email. Customers can also get self-help service through the comprehensive knowledgebase and the user forum from our website. Customer support is provided through a combination of a limited number of permanent employees and use of subcontracted, out-sourced resources. Our permanent employees design our technical support database and are responsible for training and managing our outsourced sub-contractors. They also handle escalations from the outsourced resources. We utilize the information gained from customers by our customer support organization to enhance our product offerings, including further simplifying the installation process. In 2018 we migrated to a unified platform to create efficiency and improve our customer experience. Intellectual Property We believe that our continued success will depend primarily on the technical expertise, speed of technology implementation, creative skills and management abilities of our officers and key employees, plus ownership of a limited but important set of copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and patents. We primarily rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, trade secret, and patent laws, nondisclosure agreements with employees, consultants and suppliers and other contractual provisions to establish, maintain and protect our proprietary rights. We hold approximately 197 issued United States patents that expire between years 2019 and 2037 and 93 foreign patents that expire between 2019 and 2035. In addition, we currently have approximately 109 pending United States and foreign patent applications related to technology and products offered by us. We also rely on third-party licensors for patented hardware and software license rights in technology that are incorporated into and are necessary for the operation and functionality of our products. Our success will depend in part on our continued ability to have access to these technologies. We have trade secret rights for our products, consisting mainly of product design, technical product documentation and software. We also own, or have applied for registration of trademarks, in connection with our products in the United States and internationally, including NETGEAR, NETGEAR Armor, NPG, NPG logo, Everybody’s Connecting, AirCard, AirCard Enabled, Around Town, Orbi, Genie, Genie+, the Genie logo, ReadyShare, Neo TV, the Neo TV logo, ProSafe, RangeMax, ReadyNAS, ReadyDrop, ReadyData, ReadyCloud, ReadyDLNA, ReadyRecover, ProSecure, the ProSecure logo, Push2TV, Streampro, Centria, My Media, Nighthawk, Nighthawk x4, Nighthawk x6, Overdrive, Overdrive 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot logo, Zing Mobile Hotspot, Mingle, Ufast, NETGEAR Insight, NETGEAR UP, VIZN, FASTLANE, FASTLANE3, Meural, Trueart, Digital Canvas, and X-RAID. We have registered a number of internet domain names that we use for electronic interaction with our customers including dissemination of product information, marketing programs, product registration, sales activities, and other commercial uses. Seasonal Business We have historically experienced increased net sales in our third and fourth fiscal quarters as compared to the first and second quarters in our fiscal year due to seasonal demand from consumer markets primarily relating to the beginning of the school year and the holiday season. This pronounced seasonality has been previously offset by irregular and significant purchases from customers in other markets, such as the service provider market. As the proportion of our revenue derived from consumer focused products grows relative to our overall business, the impact of the seasonally high third and fourth fiscal quarters shall become more pronounced than experienced in prior years. Backlog Our backlog consists of products for which customer purchase orders have been received and that are scheduled or in the process of being scheduled for shipment. As we typically fulfill orders received within a relatively short period (e.g., within a few weeks for our top three customers) after receipt, our revenue in any fiscal year depends primarily upon orders booked and the availability of supply of our products in that year. In addition, most of our backlog is subject to rescheduling or cancellation 7 Table of Contents with minimal penalties. As a result, our backlog as of any particular date may not be an indicator of revenue for any succeeding period. Similarly, there is a lack of meaningful correlation between year-over-year changes in backlog as compared with year-over-year changes in revenue. Accordingly, we do not believe that backlog information is material to an understanding of our overall business, and backlog as of any particular date should not be considered a reliable indicator of our ability to achieve any particular level of revenue or financial performance. Environmental Laws Our products and manufacturing process are subject to numerous governmental regulations, which cover both the use of various materials as well as environmental concerns. Environmental issues such as pollution and climate change have had significant legislative and regulatory efforts on a global basis, and there are expected to be additional changes to the regulations in these areas. These changes could directly increase the cost of energy, which may have an impact on the way we manufacture products or utilize energy to produce our products. In addition, any new regulations or laws in the environmental area might increase the cost of raw materials we use in our products and the cost of compliance. Other regulations in the environmental area may require us to continue to monitor and ensure proper disposal or recycling of our products. To the best of our knowledge, we maintain compliance with all current government regulations concerning our production processes for all locations in which we operate. Since we operate on a global basis, this is also a complex process that requires continual monitoring of regulations and an ongoing compliance process to ensure that we and our suppliers are in compliance with all existing regulations. Employees As of December 31, 2018 , we had 837 full-time employees, with 312 in sales, marketing and technical support, 274 in research and development, 108 in operations, and 143 in finance, information systems and administration. We also utilize a number of temporary staff to supplement our workforce. We have never had a work stoppage among our employees and no personnel are represented under collective bargaining agreements. Available Information Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), are filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Our website provides a link to our SEC filings, which are available free of charge on the same day such filings are made. The specific location on the website where these reports can be found is http://investor.netgear.com/sec.cfm. Our website also provides a link to Section 16 filings which are available free of charge on the same day as such filings are made. Information contained on these websites is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our executive officers as of February 15, 2019. Name Patrick C.S. Lo Bryan D. Murray Michael F. Falcon David J. Henry Andrew W. Kim John P. McHugh Mark G. Merrill Age Position 62 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 44 Chief Financial Officer 62 Chief Operations Officer 46 Senior Vice President, Connected Home Products and Services 48 Senior Vice President of Corporate Development, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary 58 Senior Vice President, SMB Products and Services 64 Chief Technology Officer Tamesa T. Rogers 45 Senior Vice President, Human Resources Michael A. Werdann 50 Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales Patrick C.S. Lo is our co-founder and has served as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since March 2002. He previously served as interim general manager of our former retail business unit and as interim general manager of our former 8 Table of Contents service provider business unit. Patrick founded NETGEAR with Mark G. Merrill with the singular vision of providing the appliances to enable everyone in the world to connect to the high speed Internet for information, communication, business transactions, education, and entertainment. From 1983 until 1995, Mr. Lo worked at Hewlett-Packard Company, where he served in various management positions in sales, technical support, product management, and marketing in the U.S. and Asia. Mr. Lo was named the Ernst & Young National Technology Entrepreneur of the Year in 2006. Mr. Lo received a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Brown University. Bryan D. Murray has served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2018. He has been with NETGEAR since November 2001, serving in various management roles within the finance organization. Prior to assuming the role of CFO, he served as NETGEAR’s Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller since June 2011. Before joining NETGEAR in 2001, he worked in public accounting at Deloitte and Touche LLP. He holds a B.A. from the University of California, Santa Barbara and is licensed as a Certified Public Accountant. Michael F. Falcon has served as our Chief Operations Officer since November 2017, Senior Vice President of Worldwide Operations and Support from January 2009 to November 2017, Senior Vice President of Operations from March 2006 to January 2009, and Vice President of Operations from November 2002 to March 2006. Prior to joining us, Mr. Falcon was at Quantum Corporation, where he served as Vice President of Operations and Supply Chain Management from September 1999 to November 2002, Meridian Data (acquired by Quantum Corporation), where he served as Vice President of Operations from April 1999 to September 1999, and Silicon Valley Group, where he served as Director of Operations, Strategic Planning and Supply Chain Management from February 1989 to April 1999. Prior to February 1989, Mr. Falcon served in management positions at SCI Systems, an electronics manufacturer, Xerox Imaging Systems, a provider of scanning and text recognition solutions, and Plantronics, Inc., a provider of lightweight communication headsets. Mr. Falcon received a B.A. degree in Economics with honors from the University of California, Santa Cruz and has completed coursework in the M.B.A. program at Santa Clara University. David J. Henry has served as our Senior Vice President of Connected Home Products and Services since January 2017. He has worldwide responsibility for both Product Marketing and Engineering of our home networking products, encompassing product strategy, development and delivery. He has been with NETGEAR since July 2004, most recently serving as our Senior Vice President of Home Networking from January 2016 to December 2016, Vice President of Product Management of our retail business unit from March 2011 to January 2016 and as our Senior Director of Product Marketing from October 2010 to March 2011. Prior to NETGEAR, Mr. Henry was a senior product manager for the high technology vertical application at Siebel Systems (acquired by Oracle Corporation). His professional experience also includes business process and information technology consulting with Deloitte Consulting. Mr. Henry received a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering, with an emphasis on Signal Processing, from the University of Washington and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. Andrew W. Kim has served as our Senior Vice President of Corporate Development, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since July 2013, Vice President, Legal and Corporate Development and Corporate Secretary from October 2008 until July 2013, and as our Associate General Counsel from March 2008 to October 2008. Prior to joining NETGEAR, Mr. Kim served as Special Counsel in the Corporate and Securities Department of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, a private law firm, where he represented public and private technology companies in a wide range of matters, including mergers and acquisitions, debt and equity financing arrangements, securities law compliance and corporate governance from 2000 to 2003 and 2006 to 2008. In between his two terms at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Mr. Kim served as Partner in the Business and Finance Department of the law firm Schwartz Cooper Chartered in Chicago, Illinois, and was an Adjunct Professor of Entrepreneurship at the Illinois Institute of Technology. Mr. Kim holds a J.D. from Cornell Law School, and received a B.A. degree in history from Yale University. John P. McHugh has served as our Senior Vice President of SMB Products and Services since January 2017, overseeing the development and delivery of the industry’s premiere line of networking and storage solutions for SMB customers. He previously served as our Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Commercial Business Unit from July 2013 to December 2016. Prior to joining us in July 2013, Mr. McHugh led the commercial networking business at both Nortel and Hewlett-Packard. During his career, Mr. McHugh has held leadership roles in R&D, Marketing and Manufacturing, as well as having over 12 years of experience in General Management. Mr. McHugh holds a BS degree in Electrical Engineering and in Computer Science from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. Mark G. Merrill is our co-founder and has served as our Chief Technology Officer since March 2015. In this role, Mr. Merrill continues to guide the emerging market efforts and work closely with the RF engineering team to ensure technical leadership of our wireless networking products. Previously, Mr. Merrill served as our Senior Vice President of Advanced 9 Table of Contents Engineering from February 2013 to February 2015 and as our Chief Technology Officer from January 2003 to April 2013. From September 1999 to January 2003, he served as Vice President of Engineering and served as Director of Engineering from September 1995 to September 1999. Mr. Merrill received both a B.S. degree and an M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University. Tamesa T. Rogers has served as our Senior Vice President, Human Resources since July 2013, Vice President, Human Resources from January 2009 to July 2013, Director, Worldwide Human Resources from September 2006 to January 2009 and as our Senior Human Resources Manager from December 2003 to September 2006. From March 2000 to December 2003, Ms. Rogers worked at TriNet Employer Group, a professional employer organization, as a Human Resources Manager, providing HR consulting to technology companies throughout Silicon Valley. Prior to TriNet, Ms. Rogers served in various human resources functions in several Northern California companies. Ms. Rogers received a B.A. in Communication Studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara and an M.S. in Counseling from California State University, Hayward. Michael A. Werdann has served as our Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales since October 2015, Worldwide Senior Vice President of Sales for Consumer Products from March 2015 to October 2015 and Vice President of Americas Sales from December 2003 to March 2015. Since joining us in 1998, Mr. Werdann has served as our United States Director of Sales, E-Commerce and DMR from December 2002 to December 2003 and as our Eastern Regional Sales Director from October 1998 to December 2002. Prior to joining us, Mr. Werdann worked for three years at Iomega Corporation, a computer hardware company, as a Sales Director for the value added reseller sector. Mr. Werdann holds a B.S. Degree in Communications from Seton Hall University. Item 1A. Risk Factors Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. The risks described below are not exhaustive of the risks that might affect our business. Other risks, including those we currently deem immaterial, may also impact our business. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business operations, results of operations and financial condition and could result in a significant decline in our stock price. Before deciding to purchase, hold or sell our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described in this section. This section should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto, and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We expect our operating results to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which could cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline. Our operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate substantially from quarter-to-quarter or year-to-year for a variety of reasons, many of which are beyond our control. If our actual results were to fall below our estimates or the expectations of public market analysts or investors, our quarterly and annual results would be negatively impacted and the price of our stock could decline. Other factors that could affect our quarterly and annual operating results include those listed in the risk factors section of this report and others such as: • • • • • • • changes in the pricing policies of or the introduction of new products by us or our competitors; changes in U.S. and international tax and trade policy that adversely affect customs, tax or duty rates, such as the higher tariffs on products imported from China enacted by the current U.S. administration; introductions of new technologies and changes in consumer preferences that result in either unanticipated or unexpectedly rapid product category shifts; slow or negative growth in the networking product, personal computer, Internet infrastructure, smart home, home electronics and related technology markets, as well as decreased demand for Internet access; seasonal shifts in end market demand for our products, particularly in our Connected Home business segment; delays in the introduction of new products by us or market acceptance of these products; unanticipated decreases or delays in purchases of our products by our significant traditional and online retail customers; 10 Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • component supply constraints or sudden, unforeseen price increases from our vendors; unanticipated increases in costs, including air freight, associated with shipping and delivery of our products; discovery or exploitation of security vulnerabilities in our products, services or systems, leading to negative publicity, decreased demand or potential liability, including potential breach of our customers' data privacy or disruption of the continuous operation of our cloud infrastructure and our in-use products; shift in overall product mix sales from higher to lower margin products, or from one business segment to another, that would adversely impact our margins; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the jurisdictions where we transact sales and expenditures in local currency; the inability to maintain stable operations by our suppliers and other parties with which we have commercial relationships; unfavorable level of inventory and turns; changes in or consolidation of our sales channels and wholesale distributor relationships or failure to manage our sales channel inventory and warehousing requirements; delay or failure to fulfill orders for our products on a timely basis; delay or failure of our service provider customers to purchase at their historic volumes or at the volumes that they or we forecast; changes in tax rates or adverse changes in tax laws that expose us to additional income tax liabilities; operational disruptions, such as transportation delays or failure of our order processing system, particularly if they occur at the end of a fiscal quarter; disruptions or delays related to our financial and enterprise resource planning systems; our inability to accurately forecast product demand, resulting in increased inventory exposure; allowance for doubtful accounts exposure with our existing retailers, distributors and other channel partners and new retailers, distributors and other channel partners, particularly as we expand into new international markets; geopolitical disruption, including sudden changes in immigration policies, leading to disruption in our workforce or delay or even stoppage of our operations in manufacturing, transportation, technical support and research and development; terms of our contracts with customers or suppliers that cause us to incur additional expenses or assume additional liabilities; an increase in price protection claims, redemptions of marketing rebates, product warranty and stock rotation returns or allowance for doubtful accounts; litigation involving alleged patent infringement; epidemic or widespread product failure, or unanticipated safety issues, in one or more of our products; any changes in accounting rules, including the potential impact of our adoption of new revenue recognition standards; challenges associated with integrating acquisitions that we make, or with realizing value from our strategic investments in other companies; 11 Table of Contents • • • • • • • failure to effectively manage our third party customer support partners, which may result in customer complaints and/or harm to the NETGEAR brand; our inability to monitor and ensure compliance with our code of ethics, our anti-corruption compliance program and domestic and international anti- corruption laws and regulations, whether in relation to our employees or with our suppliers or customers; labor unrest at facilities managed by our third-party manufacturers; workplace or human rights violations in certain countries in which our third-party manufacturers or suppliers operate, which may affect the NETGEAR brand and negatively affect our products’ acceptance by consumers; unanticipated shifts or declines in profit by geographical region that would adversely impact our tax rate; our failure to implement and maintain the appropriate internal controls over financial reporting which may result in restatements of our financial statements; and any changes in accounting rules. As a result, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on them as an indication of our future performance. Our stock price may be volatile and your investment in our common stock could suffer a decline in value. There has been significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of securities of technology and other companies, which may be unrelated to the financial performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. Some specific factors that may have a significant effect on our common stock market price include: • • • • • • • actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results or our competitors' operating results; actual or anticipated changes in the growth rate of the general networking sector, our growth rates or our competitors' growth rates; conditions in the financial markets in general or changes in general economic conditions, including government efforts to stabilize currencies; actual or anticipated changes in governmental regulation, including taxation and tariff policies; interest rate or currency exchange rate fluctuations; our ability to forecast or report accurate financial results; and changes in stock market analyst recommendations regarding our common stock, other comparable companies or our industry generally. Some of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do, and to be competitive we may be required to lower our prices or increase our sales and marketing expenses, which could result in reduced margins or loss of market share. We compete in a rapidly evolving and fiercely competitive market, and we expect competition to continue to be intense, including price competition. Our principal competitors in the consumer market include ARRIS, ASUS, AVM, Devolo, D-Link, Eero (which recently agreed to be purchased by Amazon), Google, Linksys (owned by Foxconn), Samsung, Synology, Symantec, TP-Link and Western Digital. Our principal competitors in the business market include Allied Telesys, Barracuda, Buffalo, Cisco Systems, Dell, D-Link, Fortinet, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise, QNAP Systems, Seagate Technology, SonicWall, Synology, TP- Link, Ubiquiti, WatchGuard and Western Digital. Our principal competitors in the service provider market include Actiontec, Airties, Arcadyan, ARRIS, ASUS, AVM, Compal Broadband, D-Link, Eero, Franklin, Google, Hitron, Huawei, Novatel Wireless, Plume, Sagem, Sercomm, SMC Networks, TechniColor, TP-Link, Ubee, ZTE and Zyxel. Other competitors include numerous 12 Table of Contents local vendors such as Xiaomi in China, AVM in Germany and Buffalo in Japan. In addition, these local vendors may target markets outside of their local regions and may increasingly compete with us in other regions worldwide. Our potential competitors also include other consumer electronics vendors, including Apple, LG Electronics, Microsoft, Panasonic, Sony, Toshiba and Vizio, who could integrate networking and streaming capabilities into their line of products, such as televisions, set top boxes and gaming consoles, and our channel customers who may decide to offer self-branded networking products. We also face competition from service providers who may bundle a free networking device with their broadband service offering, which would reduce our sales if we were not the supplier of choice to those service providers. In the service provider space, we are also facing significant and increased competition from original design manufacturers, or ODMs, and contract manufacturers who are selling and attempting to sell their products directly to service providers around the world. Many of our existing and potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources. These competitors may, among other things, undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing policies, obtain more favorable pricing from suppliers and manufacturers, and exert more influence on sales channels than we can. Certain of our significant competitors also serve as key sales and marketing channels for our products, potentially giving these competitors a marketplace advantage based on their knowledge of our business activities and/or their ability to negatively influence our sales opportunities. For example, Amazon provides an important sales channel for our products, and it recently announced it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Eero, one of our competitors in the mesh Wi-Fi systems market. In addition, certain competitors may have different business models, such as integrated manufacturing capabilities, that may allow them to achieve cost savings and to compete on the basis of price. Other competitors may have fewer resources, but may be more nimble in developing new or disruptive technology or in entering new markets. We anticipate that current and potential competitors will also intensify their efforts to penetrate our target markets. For example, price competition is intense in our industry in certain geographical regions and product categories. Many of our competitors in the service provider and retail spaces price their products significantly below our product costs in order to gain market share. Certain substantial competitors have business models that are more focused on customer acquisition and access to customer data rather than on financial return from product sales, and these competitors have the ability to provide sustained price competition to many of our products in the market. Average sales prices have declined in the past and may again decline in the future. These competitors may have more advanced technology, more extensive distribution channels, stronger brand names, greater access to shelf space in retail locations, bigger promotional budgets and larger customer bases than we do. In addition, many of these competitors leverage a broader product portfolio and offer lower pricing as part of a more comprehensive end-to-end solution which we may not have. These companies could devote more capital resources to develop, manufacture and market competing products than we could. Our competitors may acquire other companies in the market and leverage combined resources to gain market share. In some instances, our competitors may be acquired by larger companies with additional formidable resources, such as the pending purchase of ARRIS by CommScope. If any of these companies are successful in competing against us, our sales could decline, our margins could be negatively impacted and we could lose market share, any of which could seriously harm our business and results of operations. If we fail to continue to introduce or acquire new products that achieve broad market acceptance on a timely basis, we will not be able to compete effectively and we will be unable to increase or maintain net revenue and gross margins. We operate in a highly competitive, quickly changing environment, and our future success depends on our ability to develop or acquire, and introduce new products that achieve broad market acceptance. Our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to identify demand trends in the consumer, business and service provider markets, and to quickly develop or acquire, and manufacture and sell products that satisfy these demands in a cost-effective manner. In order to differentiate our products from our competitors' products, we must continue to increase our focus and capital investment in research and development, including software development. For example, we have committed a substantial amount of resources to the development, manufacture, marketing and sale of our Nighthawk home networking products and Orbi Wi-Fi system, and to introducing additional and improved models in these lines. If these products do not continue to maintain or achieve widespread market acceptance, or if we are unsuccessful in capitalizing on other smart home market opportunities, our future growth may be slowed and our financial results could be harmed. Also, as the mix of our business increasingly includes new products and services that require additional investment, this shift may adversely impact our margins, at least in the near-term. Successfully predicting demand trends is difficult, and it is very difficult to predict the effect that introducing a new product will have on existing product sales. We will also need to respond effectively to new product announcements by our competitors by quickly introducing competitive products. In addition, we have acquired companies and technologies in the past and as a result, have introduced new product lines in new markets. We may not be able to successfully manage integration of the new product lines with our existing products. Selling new product lines in new markets will require our management to learn different strategies in order to be successful. We may be unsuccessful in launching a newly acquired product line in new markets which requires management of new suppliers, potential new customers and new business models. Our management may not have the experience of selling in these new markets and we may not be able to grow our business as planned. For example, in August 2018, we acquired Meural Inc., a leader in digital 13 Table of Contents platforms for visual art, to enhance our Connected Home product and service offerings. If we are unable to effectively and successfully further develop these new product lines, we may not be able to increase or maintain our sales and our gross margins may be adversely affected. We have experienced delays and quality issues in releasing new products in the past, which resulted in lower quarterly net revenue than expected. In addition, we have experienced, and may in the future experience, product introductions that fall short of our projected rates of market adoption. Online Internet reviews of our products are increasingly becoming a significant factor in the success of our new product launches, especially in our Connected Home business segment. If we are unable to quickly respond to negative reviews, including end user reviews posted on various prominent online retailers, our ability to sell these products will be harmed. Any future delays in product development and introduction, or product introductions that do not meet broad market acceptance, or unsuccessful launches of new product lines could result in: • • • • • loss of or delay in revenue and loss of market share; negative publicity and damage to our reputation and brand; a decline in the average selling price of our products; adverse reactions in our sales channels, such as reduced shelf space, reduced online product visibility, or loss of sales channels; and increased levels of product returns. Throughout the past few years, we have significantly increased the rate of our new product introductions. If we cannot sustain that pace of product introductions, either through rapid innovation or acquisition of new products or product lines, we may not be able to maintain or increase the market share of our products. In addition, if we are unable to successfully introduce or acquire new products with higher gross margins, or if we are unable to improve the margins on our previously introduced and rapidly growing product lines, our net revenue and overall gross margin would likely decline. We rely on a limited number of traditional and online retailers, wholesale distributors and service provider customers for a substantial portion of our sales, and our net revenue could decline if they refuse to pay our requested prices or reduce their level of purchases or if there is significant consolidation in our customer base that results in fewer customers for our products. We sell a substantial portion of our products through traditional and online retailers, including Best Buy Co., Inc., Amazon.com, Inc. and their affiliates, wholesale distributors, including Ingram Micro, Inc. and Tech Data Corporation, and service providers, such as AT&T. We expect that a significant portion of our net revenue will continue to come from sales to a small number of customers for the foreseeable future. In addition, because our accounts receivable are often concentrated with a small group of purchasers, the failure of any of them to pay on a timely basis, or at all, would reduce our cash flow. We are also exposed to increased credit risk if any one of these limited numbers of customers fails or becomes insolvent. We generally have no minimum purchase commitments or long- term contracts with any of these customers. These purchasers could decide at any time to discontinue, decrease or delay their purchases of our products. If our customers increase the size of their product orders without sufficient lead-time for us to process the order, our ability to fulfill product demands would be compromised. These customers have a variety of suppliers to choose from and therefore can make substantial demands on us, including demands on product pricing and on contractual terms, which often results in the allocation of risk to us as the supplier. Accordingly, the prices that they pay for our products are subject to negotiation and could change at any time. Our ability to maintain strong relationships with our principal customers is essential to our future performance. If any of our major customers reduce their level of purchases or refuse to pay the prices that we set for our products, our net revenue and operating results could be harmed. Furthermore, some of our customers are also our competitors in certain product categories, which could negatively influence their purchasing decisions. For example, Amazon recently announced it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Eero, one of our competitors in the mesh Wi-Fi systems market. Our traditional retail customers have faced increased and significant competition from online retailers, and some of these traditional retail customers have increasingly become a smaller portion of our business. If key retail customers continue to reduce their level of purchases, our business could be harmed. Additionally, concentration and consolidation among our customer base may allow certain customers to command increased leverage in negotiating prices and other terms of sale, which could adversely affect our profitability. If, as a result of increased leverage, customer pressures require us to reduce our pricing such that our gross margins are diminished, we could decide not to sell our products to a particular customer, which could result in a decrease in our revenue. Consolidation among our customer base may also lead to reduced demand for our products, elimination of sales opportunities, replacement of our products with 14 Table of Contents those of our competitors and cancellations of orders, each of which would harm our operating results. Consolidation among our service provider customers worldwide may also make it more difficult to grow our service provider business, given the fierce competition for the already limited number of service providers worldwide and the long sales cycles to close deals. If consolidation among our customer base becomes more prevalent, our operating results may be harmed. We obtain several key components from limited or sole sources, and if these sources fail to satisfy our supply requirements or we are unable to properly manage our supply requirements with our third-party manufacturers, we may lose sales and experience increased component costs. Any shortage or delay in the supply of key product components, or any sudden, unforeseen price increase for such components, would harm our ability to meet product deliveries as scheduled or as budgeted. Many of the semiconductors used in our products are specifically designed for use in our products and are obtained from sole source suppliers on a purchase order basis. In addition, some components that are used in all our products are obtained from limited sources. These components include connector jacks, plastic casings and physical layer transceivers. We also obtain switching fabric semiconductors, which are used in our Ethernet switches and Internet gateway products, and wireless local area network chipsets, which are used in all of our wireless products, from a limited number of suppliers. Semiconductor suppliers have experienced and continue to experience component shortages themselves, such as with substrates used in manufacturing chipsets, which in turn adversely impact our ability to procure semiconductors from them. Our third-party manufacturers generally purchase these components on our behalf on a purchase order basis, and we do not have any contractual commitments or guaranteed supply arrangements with our suppliers. If demand for a specific component increases, we may not be able to obtain an adequate number of that component in a timely manner. In addition, if worldwide demand for the components increases significantly, the availability of these components could be limited. Further, our suppliers may experience financial or other difficulties as a result of uncertain and weak worldwide economic conditions. Other factors which may affect our suppliers' ability or willingness to supply components to us include internal management or reorganizational issues, such as roll-out of new equipment which may delay or disrupt supply of previously forecasted components, or industry consolidation and divestitures, which may result in changed business and product priorities among certain suppliers. It could be difficult, costly and time consuming to obtain alternative sources for these components, or to change product designs to make use of alternative components. In addition, difficulties in transitioning from an existing supplier to a new supplier could create delays in component availability that would have a significant impact on our ability to fulfill orders for our products. We provide our third-party manufacturers with a rolling forecast of demand, which they use to determine our material and component requirements. Lead times for ordering materials and components vary significantly and depend on various factors, such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand and supply for a component at a given time. Some of our components have long lead times, such as wireless local area network chipsets, switching fabric chips, physical layer transceivers, connector jacks and metal and plastic enclosures. If our forecasts are not timely provided or are less than our actual requirements, our third-party manufacturers may be unable to manufacture products in a timely manner. If our forecasts are too high, our third-party manufacturers will be unable to use the components they have purchased on our behalf. The cost of the components used in our products tends to drop rapidly as volumes increase and the technologies mature. Therefore, if our third-party manufacturers are unable to promptly use components purchased on our behalf, our cost of producing products may be higher than our competitors due to an oversupply of higher-priced components. Moreover, if they are unable to use components ordered at our direction, we will need to reimburse them for any losses they incur. If we are unable to obtain a sufficient supply of components, or if we experience any interruption in the supply of components, our product shipments could be reduced or delayed or our cost of obtaining these components may increase. Component shortages and delays affect our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries, damage our brand and reputation in the market, and cause us to lose sales and market share. For example, component shortages and disruptions in supply in the past have limited our ability to supply all the worldwide demand for our products, and our revenue was affected. At times we have elected to use more expensive transportation methods, such as air freight, to make up for manufacturing delays caused by component shortages, which reduces our margins. In addition, at times sole suppliers of highly specialized components have provided components that were either defective or did not meet the criteria required by our customers, resulting in delays, lost revenue opportunities and potentially substantial write-offs. Changes in trade policy in the United States and other countries, including the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. The U.S. government has indicated and demonstrated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy through the renegotiation, and potential termination, of certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with, and the imposition of tariffs on a wide range of products and other goods from, a number of countries. In particular, while China currently enjoys “most favored nation” trading status with the United States, the U.S. government has proposed to revoke that 15 Table of Contents status and has implemented tariffs on a significant number of products manufactured in China. For example, a 10% tariff has already taken effect on certain products imported into the United States beginning on September 24, 2018, and this tariff rate is scheduled to increase to 25% for these products imported on and after March 2, 2019. Moreover, the current U.S. administration has indicated that it is considering expanding these tariffs to additional products imported from China. Our analysis of our supply chain, manufacturing processes and product compositions is ongoing, but our review to date indicates that some of our products are affected by these tariffs. Although we have been working closely with our manufacturing partners to assess and implement ways to mitigate the impact of these tariffs on our supply chain as promptly as reasonably practicable, including seeking to shift production outside of China, these efforts may disrupt our operations, may not be successful and may not be accomplished in a timely or cost-effective manner. As a result, we may be required to raise our prices on certain products, which could result in the loss of customers and harm to our market share, competitive position and operating performance. We depend on large, recurring purchases from certain significant customers, and a loss, cancellation or delay in purchases by these customers could negatively affect our revenue. The loss of recurring orders from any of our more significant customers could cause our revenue and profitability to suffer. Our ability to attract new customers will depend on a variety of factors, including the cost-effectiveness, reliability, scalability, breadth and depth of our products. In addition, a change in the mix of our customers, or a change in the mix of direct and indirect sales, could adversely affect our revenue and gross margins. Although our financial performance may depend on large, recurring orders from certain customers and resellers, we do not generally have binding commitments from them. For example: • • • our reseller agreements generally do not require substantial minimum purchases; our customers can stop purchasing and our resellers can stop marketing our products at any time; and our reseller agreements generally are not exclusive. Further, our revenue may be impacted by significant one-time purchases which are not contemplated to be repeatable. While such purchases are reflected in our financial statements, we do not rely on and do not forecast for continued significant one-time purchases. As a result, lack of repeatable one-time purchases will adversely affect our revenue. Because our expenses are based on our revenue forecasts, a substantial reduction or delay in sales of our products to, or unexpected returns from, customers and resellers, or the loss of any significant customer or reseller, could harm or otherwise have a negative impact to our operating results. Although our largest customers may vary from period to period, we anticipate that our operating results for any given period will continue to depend on large orders from a small number of customers. We depend on a limited number of third-party manufacturers for substantially all of our manufacturing needs. If these third-party manufacturers experience any delay, disruption or quality control problems in their operations, we could lose market share and our brand may suffer. All of our products are manufactured, assembled, tested and generally packaged by a limited number of third-party manufacturers, including original design manufacturers, or ODMs, as well as contract manufacturers. In most cases, we rely on these manufacturers to procure components and, in some cases, subcontract engineering work. Some of our products are manufactured by a single manufacturer. We do not have any long-term contracts with any of our third-party manufacturers. Some of these third-party manufacturers produce products for our competitors or are themselves competitors in certain product categories. Due to changing economic conditions, the viability of some of these third-party manufacturers may be at risk. Our ODMs are increasingly refusing to work with us on certain projects, such as projects for manufacturing products for our service provider customers. Because our service provider customers command significant resources, including for software support, and demand extremely competitive pricing, our ODMs are starting to refuse to engage on service provider terms. The loss of the services of any of our primary third-party manufacturers could cause a significant disruption in operations and delays in product shipments. Qualifying a new manufacturer and commencing volume production is expensive and time consuming. Ensuring that a contract manufacturer is qualified to manufacture our products to our standards is time consuming. In addition, there is no assurance that a contract manufacturer can scale its production of our products at the volumes and in the quality that we require. If a contract manufacturer is unable to do these things, we may have to move production for the products to a new or existing third party manufacturer which would take significant effort and our business may be harmed. In addition, as we contemplate moving manufacturing into different jurisdictions, we will be subject to additional significant challenges in ensuring that quality, processes and costs, among other issues, are consistent with our expectations. For example, while we expect our manufacturers to be responsible for penalties assessed on us because of excessive failures of the products, there is no assurance that we will be 16 Table of Contents able to collect such reimbursements from these manufacturers, which causes us to take on additional risk for potential failures of our products. Our reliance on third-party manufacturers also exposes us to the following risks over which we have limited control: • • • • • • unexpected increases in manufacturing and repair costs; inability to control the quality and reliability of finished products; inability to control delivery schedules; potential liability for expenses incurred by third-party manufacturers in reliance on our forecasts that later prove to be inaccurate; potential lack of adequate capacity to manufacture all or a part of the products we require; and potential labor unrest affecting the ability of the third-party manufacturers to produce our products. All of our products must satisfy safety and regulatory standards and some of our products must also receive government certifications. Our third party manufacturers are primarily responsible for conducting the tests that support our applications for most regulatory approvals for our products. If our third party manufacturers fail to timely and accurately conduct these tests, we would be unable to obtain the necessary domestic or foreign regulatory approvals or certificates to sell our products in certain jurisdictions. As a result, we would be unable to sell our products and our sales and profitability could be reduced, our relationships with our sales channel could be harmed, and our reputation and brand would suffer. Specifically, substantially all of our manufacturing and assembly occurs in the Asia Pacific region and any disruptions due to natural disasters, health epidemics and political, social and economic instability in the region would affect the ability of our third party manufacturers to manufacture our products. In addition, our third party manufacturers in China have continued to increase our costs of production, particularly in the past couple of years. If these costs continue to increase, it may affect our margins and ability to lower prices for our products to stay competitive. Labor unrest in China may also affect our third party manufacturers as workers may strike and cause production delays. If our third party manufacturers fail to maintain good relations with their employees or contractors, and production and manufacturing of our products is affected, then we may be subject to shortages of products and quality of products delivered may be affected. Further, if our manufacturers or warehousing facilities are disrupted or destroyed, we would have no other readily available alternatives for manufacturing and assembling our products and our business would be significantly harmed. As we continue to work with more third party manufacturers on a contract manufacturing basis, we are also exposed to additional risks not inherent in a typical ODM arrangement. Such risks may include our inability to properly source and qualify components for the products, lack of software expertise resulting in increased software defects, and lack of resources to properly monitor the manufacturing process. In our typical ODM arrangement, our ODMs are generally responsible for sourcing the components of the products and warranting that the products will work against a product's specification, including any software specifications. In a contract manufacturing arrangement, we would take on much more, if not all, of the responsibility around these areas. If we are unable to properly manage these risks, our products may be more susceptible to defects and our business would be harmed. Product security vulnerabilities, data protection breaches and cyber-attacks could disrupt our products or services, and any such disruption could increase our expenses, damage our reputation, harm our business and adversely affect our stock price. Our products and services may contain unknown security vulnerabilities. For example, the firmware, software and open source software that we or our manufacturing partners have installed on our products may be susceptible to hacking or misuse. In addition, we offer a comprehensive online cloud management service paired with a number of our products. If malicious actors compromise this cloud service, or if customer confidential information is accessed without authorization, our business will be harmed. Operating an online cloud service is a relatively new business for us and we may not have the expertise to properly manage risks related to data security and systems security. We rely on third-party providers for a number of critical aspects of our cloud services and customer support, including web hosting services, billing and payment processing, and consequently we do not maintain direct control over the security or stability of the associated systems. Our management has spent increasing amounts of time, effort and expense in this area, and in the event of the discovery of a significant product security vulnerability, we would incur additional substantial expenses and our business would be harmed. If we or our third-party providers are unable 17 Table of Contents to successfully prevent breaches of security relating to our products, services or customer private information, including customer personal identification information, or if these third-party systems failed for other reasons, it could result in litigation and potential liability for us, damage our brand and reputation, or otherwise harm our business. Global economic conditions could materially adversely affect our revenue and results of operations. Our business has been and may continue to be affected by a number of factors that are beyond our control, such as general geopolitical, economic and business conditions, conditions in the financial markets, and changes in the overall demand for networking and smart home products. A severe and/or prolonged economic downturn could adversely affect our customers' financial condition and the levels of business activity of our customers. Weakness in, and uncertainty about, global economic conditions may cause businesses to postpone spending in response to tighter credit, negative financial news and/or declines in income or asset values, which could have a material negative effect on the demand for networking products. In addition, availability of our products from third-party manufacturers and our ability to distribute our products into the United States and non-U.S. jurisdictions may be impacted by factors such as an increase in duties, tariffs or other restrictions on trade; raw material shortages, work stoppages, strikes and political unrest; economic crises and international disputes or conflicts; changes in leadership and the political climate in countries from which we import products; and failure of the United States to maintain normal trade relations with China and other countries. Any of these occurrences could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition In the recent past, various regions worldwide have experienced slow economic growth. In addition, current economic challenges in China, including any global economic ramifications of these challenges, may continue to put negative pressure on global economic conditions. If conditions in the global economy, including Europe, China, Australia and the United States, or other key vertical or geographic markets deteriorate, such conditions could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. If we are unable to successfully anticipate changing economic and political conditions, we may be unable to effectively plan for and respond to those changes, which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, the economic problems affecting the financial markets and the uncertainty in global economic conditions resulted in a number of adverse effects including a low level of liquidity in many financial markets, extreme volatility in credit, equity, currency and fixed income markets, instability in the stock market and high unemployment. For example, the challenges faced by the European Union to stabilize some of its member economies, such as Greece, Portugal, Spain, Hungary and Italy, have had international implications affecting the stability of global financial markets and hindering economies worldwide. Many member nations in the European Union have been addressing the issues with controversial austerity measures. In addition, the potential consequences of the "Brexit" process in the United Kingdom have led to significant uncertainty in the region. Should the European Union monetary policy measures be insufficient to restore confidence and stability to the financial markets, or should the United Kingdom's "Brexit" decision lead to additional economic or political instability, the global economy, including the U.S., U.K. and European Union economies where we have a significant presence, could be hindered, which could have a material adverse effect on us. There could also be a number of other follow-on effects from these economic developments on our business, including the inability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products; customer insolvencies; decreased customer confidence to make purchasing decisions; decreased customer demand; and decreased customer ability to pay their trade obligations. If we do not effectively manage our sales channel inventory and product mix, we may incur costs associated with excess inventory, or lose sales from having too few products. If we are unable to properly monitor and manage our sales channel inventory and maintain an appropriate level and mix of products with our wholesale distributors and within our sales channels, we may incur increased and unexpected costs associated with this inventory. We generally allow wholesale distributors and traditional retailers to return a limited amount of our products in exchange for other products. Under our price protection policy, if we reduce the list price of a product, we are often required to issue a credit in an amount equal to the reduction for each of the products held in inventory by our wholesale distributors and retailers. If our wholesale distributors and retailers are unable to sell their inventory in a timely manner, we might lower the price of the products, or these parties may exchange the products for newer products. Also, during the transition from an existing product to a new replacement product, we must accurately predict the demand for the existing and the new product. We determine production levels based on our forecasts of demand for our products. Actual demand for our products depends on many factors, which makes it difficult to forecast. We have experienced differences between our actual and our forecasted demand in the past and expect differences to arise in the future. If we improperly forecast demand for our products we could end up with too many products and be unable to sell the excess inventory in a timely manner, if at all, or, alternatively we could end 18 Table of Contents up with too few products and not be able to satisfy demand. This problem is exacerbated because we attempt to closely match inventory levels with product demand leaving limited margin for error. If these events occur, we could incur increased expenses associated with writing off excessive or obsolete inventory, lose sales, incur penalties for late delivery or have to ship products by air freight to meet immediate demand incurring incremental freight costs above the sea freight costs, a preferred method, and suffering a corresponding decline in gross margins. System security risks, data protection breaches and cyber-attacks could disrupt our products, services, internal operations or information technology systems, and any such disruption could reduce our expected revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation and adversely affect our stock price. Maintaining the security of our computer information systems and communication systems is a critical issue for us and our customers. Malicious actors may develop and deploy malware that is designed to manipulate our systems, including our internal network, or those of our vendors or customers. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce our employees to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our information technology systems, our data or our customers' data. We have established a crisis management plan and business continuity program. While we regularly test the plan and the program, there can be no assurance that the plan and program can withstand an actual or serious disruption in our business, including a data protection breach or cyber-attack. While we have established infrastructure and geographic redundancy for our critical systems, our ability to utilize these redundant systems requires further testing and we cannot be assured that such systems are fully functional. For example, much of our order fulfillment process is automated and the order information is stored on our servers. A significant business interruption could result in losses or damages and harm our business. If our computer systems and servers become unavailable at the end of a fiscal quarter, our ability to recognize revenue may be delayed until we are able to utilize back-up systems and continue to process and ship our orders. This could cause our stock price to decline significantly. We devote considerable internal and external resources to network security, data encryption and other security measures to protect our systems and customer data, but these security measures cannot provide absolute security. In addition, many jurisdictions strictly regulate data privacy and protection and may impose significant penalties for failure to comply with these requirements. For example, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which became effective in May 2018, has required us to expend significant time and resources to prepare for compliance. Also, in June 2018, the State of California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, that will go into effect beginning January 1, 2020, which will also likely require us to expend significant time and resources to prepare for compliance. Potential breaches of our security measures and the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about us, our employees or our customers, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of employee error or other employee actions, hacking, fraud, social engineering or other forms of deception, could expose us, our customers or the individuals affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in litigation and potential liability for us, subject us to significant governmental fines, damage our brand and reputation, or otherwise harm our business. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant. Likewise, we expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards relating to privacy and data protection in the United States, the EU and other jurisdictions, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, which has been characterized as the first “GDPR-like” privacy statute to be enacted in the United States because it mirrors a number of the key provisions in the GDPR. We cannot presently determine the impact such laws, regulations and standards will have on our business. In any event, it is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that our business practices do not comply with current or future statutes, regulations, agency guidance or case law involving applicable healthcare or privacy laws, including the GDPR, in light of the lack of applicable precedent and regulations. 19 Table of Contents We are exposed to adverse currency exchange rate fluctuations in jurisdictions where we transact in local currency, which could harm our financial results and cash flows. Because a significant portion of our business is conducted outside the United States, we face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve, and they could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Although a portion of our international sales are currently invoiced in United States dollars, we have implemented and continue to implement for certain countries and customers both invoicing and payment in foreign currencies. Our primary exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates relates to non-U.S. dollar denominated sales in Europe, Japan and Australia as well as our global operations, and non-U.S. dollar denominated operating expenses and certain assets and liabilities. In addition, weaknesses in foreign currencies for U.S. dollar denominated sales could adversely affect demand for our products. Conversely, a strengthening in foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar could increase foreign currency denominated costs. As a result we may attempt to renegotiate pricing of existing contracts or request payment to be made in U.S. dollars. We cannot be sure that our customers would agree to renegotiate along these lines. This could result in customers eventually terminating contracts with us or in our decision to terminate certain contracts, which would adversely affect our sales. We hedge our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates as a response to the risk of changes in the value of foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. We may enter into foreign currency forward contracts or other instruments, the majority of which mature within approximately five months. Our foreign currency forward contracts reduce, but do not eliminate, the impact of currency exchange rate movements. For example, we do not execute forward contracts in all currencies in which we conduct business. In addition, we hedge to reduce the impact of volatile exchange rates on net revenue, gross profit and operating profit for limited periods of time. However, the use of these hedging activities may only offset a portion of the adverse financial effect resulting from unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates. If we fail to overcome the challenges associated with managing our broadband service provider sales channel, our net revenue and gross profit will be negatively impacted. We sell a significant number of products through broadband service providers worldwide. However, the service provider sales channel is challenging and exceptionally competitive. Difficulties and challenges in selling to service providers include a longer sales cycle, more stringent product testing and validation requirements, a higher level of customization demands, requirements that suppliers take on a larger share of the risk with respect to contractual business terms, competition from established suppliers, pricing pressure resulting in lower gross margins, and irregular and unpredictable ordering habits. For example, rigorous service provider certification processes may delay our sale of new products, or our products ultimately may fail these tests. In either event, we may lose some or all of the amounts we expended in trying to obtain business from the service provider, as well as lose the business opportunity altogether. In addition, even if we have a product which a service provider customer may wish to purchase, we may choose not to supply products to the potential service provider customer if the contract requirements, such as service level requirements, penalties, and liability provisions, are too onerous. Accordingly, our business may be harmed and our revenues may be reduced. We have, in exceptional limited circumstances, while still in contract negotiations, shipped products in advance of and subject to agreement on a definitive contract. We do not record revenue from these shipments until a definitive contract exists. There is risk that we do not ultimately close and sign a definitive contract. If this occurs, the timing of revenue recognition is uncertain and our business would be harmed. In addition, we often commence building custom-made products prior to execution of a contract in order to meet the customer's contemplated launch dates and requirements. Service provider products are generally custom-made for a specific customer and may not be salable to other customers or in other channels. If we have pre-built custom-made products but do not come to agreement on a definitive contract, we may be forced to scrap the custom-made products or re-work them at substantial cost and our business would be harmed. Further, successful engagements with service provider customers requires a constant analysis of technology trends. If we are unable to anticipate technology trends and service provider customer product needs, and to allocate research and development resources to the right projects, we may not be successful in continuing to sell products to service provider customers. In addition, because our service provider customers command significant resources, including for software support, and demand extremely competitive pricing, certain ODMs have declined to develop service provider products on an ODM basis. Accordingly, as our ODMs increasingly limit development of our service provider products, our service provider business will be harmed if we cannot replace this capability with alternative ODMs or in-house development. Orders from service providers generally tend to be large but sporadic, which causes our revenues from them to fluctuate and challenges our ability to accurately forecast demand from them. In particular, managing inventory and production of our products for our service provider customers is a challenge. Many of our service provider customers have irregular purchasing requirements. These customers may decide to cancel orders for customized products specific to that customer, and we may not be able to reconfigure and sell those products in other channels. These cancellations could lead to substantial write-offs. In 20 Table of Contents addition, these customers may issue unforecasted orders for products which we may not be able to produce in a timely manner and as such, we may not be able to accept and deliver on such unforecasted orders. In certain cases, we may commit to fixed-price, long term purchase orders, with such orders priced in foreign currencies which could lose value over time in the event of adverse changes in foreign exchange rates. Even if we are selected as a supplier, typically a service provider will also designate a second source supplier, which over time will reduce the aggregate orders that we receive from that service provider. Further, as the technology underlying our products deployed by broadband service providers matures and more competitors offer alternative products with similar technology, we anticipate competing in an extremely price sensitive market and our margins may be affected. If we are unable to introduce new products with sufficiently advanced technology to attract service provider interest in a timely manner, our service provider customers may then require us to lower our prices, or they may choose to purchase products from our competitors. If this occurs, our business would be harmed and our revenues would be reduced. If we were to lose a service provider customer for any reason, we may experience a material and immediate reduction in forecasted revenue that may cause us to be below our net revenue and operating margin expectations for a particular period of time and therefore adversely affect our stock price. For example, many of our competitors in the service provider space aggressively price their products in order to gain market share. We may not be able to match the lower prices offered by our competitors, and we may choose to forgo lower-margin business opportunities. Many of the service provider customers will seek to purchase from the lowest cost provider, notwithstanding that our products may be higher quality or that our products were previously validated for use on their proprietary network. Accordingly, we may lose customers who have lower, more aggressive pricing, and our revenues may be reduced. In addition, service providers may choose to prioritize the implementation of other technologies or the roll out of other services than home networking. Weakness in orders from this industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. We have seen slowdowns in capital expenditures by certain of our service provider customers in the past, and believe there may be potential for similar slowdowns in the future. Any slowdown in the general economy, over supply, consolidation among service providers, regulatory developments and constraint on capital expenditures could result in reduced demand from service providers and therefore adversely affect our sales to them. If we do not successfully overcome these challenges, we will not be able to profitably manage our service provider sales channel and our financial results will be harmed. The average selling prices of our products typically decrease rapidly over the sales cycle of the product, which may negatively affect our net revenue and gross margins. Our products typically experience price erosion, a fairly rapid reduction in the average unit selling prices over their respective sales cycles. In order to sell products that have a falling average unit selling price and maintain margins at the same time, we need to continually reduce product and manufacturing costs. To manage manufacturing costs, we must collaborate with our third-party manufacturers to engineer the most cost-effective design for our products. In addition, we must carefully manage the price paid for components used in our products. We must also successfully manage our freight and inventory costs to reduce overall product costs. We also need to continually introduce new products with higher sales prices and gross margins in order to maintain our overall gross margins. If we are unable to manage the cost of older products or successfully introduce new products with higher gross margins, our net revenue and overall gross margin would likely decline. We depend substantially on our sales channels, and our failure to maintain and expand our sales channels would result in lower sales and reduced net revenue. To maintain and grow our market share, net revenue and brand, we must maintain and expand our sales channels. Our sales channels consist of traditional retailers, online retailers, DMRs, VARs, and broadband service providers. Some of these entities purchase our products through our wholesale distributor customers. We generally have no minimum purchase commitments or long-term contracts with any of these third parties. Traditional retailers have limited shelf space and promotional budgets, and competition is intense for these resources. If the networking sector does not experience sufficient growth, retailers may choose to allocate more shelf space to other consumer product sectors. A competitor with more extensive product lines and stronger brand identity may have greater bargaining power with these retailers. Any reduction in available shelf space or increased competition for such shelf space would require us to increase our marketing expenditures simply to maintain current levels of retail shelf space, which would harm our operating margin. Our traditional retail customers have faced increased and significant competition from online retailers. If we cannot effectively manage our business amongst our online customers and traditional retail customers, our business would be harmed. The recent trend in the consolidation of online retailers and DMR channels has resulted in intensified competition for preferred product placement, such as product placement on an online retailer's Internet home page. Expanding our presence in the VAR channel may be difficult and expensive. We compete with established companies that have longer operating histories and longstanding relationships with VARs that we would find highly desirable as sales channel partners. In addition, our efforts to 21 Table of Contents realign or consolidate our sales channels may cause temporary disruptions in our product sales and revenue, and these changes may not result in the expected longer-term benefits. We also sell products to broadband service providers. Competition for selling to broadband service providers is fierce and intense. Penetrating service provider accounts typically involves a long sales cycle and the challenge of displacing incumbent suppliers with established relationships and field-deployed products. If we are unable to maintain and expand our sales channels, our growth would be limited and our business would be harmed. We must also continuously monitor and evaluate emerging sales channels. If we fail to establish a presence in an important developing sales channel, our business could be harmed. If we lose the services of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Patrick C.S. Lo, or our other key personnel, we may not be able to execute our business strategy effectively. Our future success depends in large part upon the continued services of our key technical, engineering, sales, marketing, finance and senior management personnel. In particular, the services of Patrick C.S. Lo, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who has led our company since its inception, are very important to our business. We do not maintain any key person life insurance policies. Our business model requires extremely skilled and experienced senior management who are able to withstand the rigorous requirements and expectations of our business. Our success depends on senior management being able to execute at a very high level. The loss of any of our senior management or other key engineering, research, development, sales or marketing personnel, particularly if lost to competitors, could harm our ability to implement our business strategy and respond to the rapidly changing needs of our business. While we have adopted an emergency succession plan for the short term, we have not formally adopted a long-term succession plan. As a result, if we suffer the loss of services of any key executive, our long-term business results may be harmed. While we believe that we have mitigated some of the business execution and business continuity risk with our organization into two business segments with separate leadership teams, the loss of any key personnel would still be disruptive and harm our business, especially given that our business is leanly staffed and relies on the expertise and high performance of our key personnel. In addition, because we do not have a formal long-term succession plan, we may not be able to have the proper personnel in place to effectively execute our long term business strategy if Mr. Lo or other key personnel retire, resign or are otherwise terminated. Changes in tax laws or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our future profitability. Factors that could materially affect our future effective tax rates include but are not limited to: • • • • changes in tax laws or the regulatory environment; changes in accounting and tax standards or practices; changes in the composition of operating income by tax jurisdiction; and our operating results before taxes. We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate has fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate in the future. Future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in the composition of earnings in countries with differing tax rates, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws. Foreign jurisdictions have increased the volume of tax audits of multinational corporations. Further, many countries, have either changed or are considering changes to their tax laws. These changes are largely punitive to U.S. multinational corporations. Changes in tax laws could affect the distribution of our earnings, result in double taxation and adversely affect our results. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. In particular, sweeping changes were made to the U.S. taxation of foreign operations. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a quasi-territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings. Additionally, new provisions were added to mitigate the potential erosion of the U.S. tax base and to discourage use of low tax jurisdictions to own intellectual property and other valuable intangible assets. The Company completed its analysis of the impact of U.S. Tax reform and has finalized all estimates previously considered provisional under Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 in the fourth quarter of 2018, for details, refer to Note 9, Income Taxes, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The changes in tax law under the Tax Act are complex and regulations governing the implementation continue to be issued. While the Company believes it has correctly accounted for the impact of the Tax Act, guidance continues to be issued and may differ from our interpretation based on existing facts and 22 Table of Contents circumstances. We urge our stockholders to consult with their legal and tax advisors with respect to the legislation and potential tax consequences of investing in our stock. In addition to the impact of the Tax Act on our federal taxes, the Tax Act may impact our taxation in other jurisdictions, including with respect to state income taxes. Additionally, other foreign governing bodies may enact changes in their tax laws in reaction to the Tax Act that could result in changes in our global tax position and materially affect our financial position. We have been audited by the Italian Tax Authority (ITA) for the 2004 through 2012 tax years. The ITA examination included an audit of income, gross receipts and value-added taxes. Currently, we are in litigation with the ITA for the 2004 through 2012 years. If we are unsuccessful in defending our tax positions, our profitability will be reduced. The United Kingdom HMRC (Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs) began an inquiry regarding the application of UK Diverted Profits Tax (DPT), a law which took effect as of April 1, 2015. In assessing the whether they believe the Company is subject to the DPT legislation, UK HMRC has expanded its review to include overall transfer pricing for 2014 through 2016. If we are unsuccessful in defending our positions, our profitability will be reduced. We received notice from the French Tax Administration on December 21, 2017 of their intent to audit our 2015 and 2016 tax filings for corporate income tax and value-added taxes. We have received a proposal of rectification on August 2018. We have not yet agreed to the final outcome of the audit. We are also subject to examination by other tax authorities, including state revenue agencies and other foreign governments. While we regularly assess the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes resulting from examinations by the IRS and other tax authorities to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, there can be no assurance that the actual outcome resulting from these examinations will not materially adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. Additionally, the IRS and several foreign tax authorities have increasingly focused attention on intercompany transfer pricing with respect to sales of products and services and the use of intangibles. Tax authorities could disagree with our intercompany charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing or other matters and assess additional taxes. If we do not prevail in any such disagreements, our profitability may be affected. Our separation from Arlo and the distribution of Arlo shares to our stockholders may not achieve some or all of the anticipated benefits and may adversely affect our business. On February 6, 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors had unanimously approved the pursuit of a separation of our smart camera business “Arlo” from NETGEAR (the “Separation”), to be effected by way of initial public offering (“IPO”) and spin-off. On August 7, 2018, Arlo Technologies, Inc. (“Arlo”) completed its IPO and generated proceeds of approximately $170.2 million, net of offering costs. Upon completion of the IPO, we held 62,500,000 shares of Arlo common stock, representing approximately 84.2% of the outstanding shares of Arlo common stock. On December 31, 2018, we completed the distribution of these 62,500,000 shares to our stockholders (the “Distribution”), and we no longer own any shares of Arlo common stock after the Distribution. There is a risk that we may not be able to achieve the full strategic, operational and financial benefits to us and Arlo that were anticipated to result from the Separation or that such benefits may be delayed or not occur at all. In fact, the Distribution may adversely affect our business. Following the Distribution, we are a smaller company with a less diversified product portfolio and a narrower business focus. As a result, we may be more vulnerable to changing market conditions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although NETGEAR and Arlo are now two independent companies, our long joint history may cause consumers and investors to continue to associate the companies with each other, either positively or negatively. Separating the businesses may also eliminate or reduce synergies or economies of scale that existed prior to the Distribution, which could harm our business. We could incur significant liability if the Distribution is determined to be a taxable transaction. We have received an opinion from outside tax counsel to the effect that the Distribution qualifies as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The opinion relies on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from Arlo and us regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’ respective businesses and other matters. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings are incorrect or not satisfied, our stockholders and we may not be able to rely on the opinion of tax counsel and could be subject to significant tax liabilities. Notwithstanding the opinion of tax counsel we have received, the IRS could determine on audit that the Distribution is taxable if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings are not correct or have been violated or if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinion. If the Distribution were determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in general, we would 23 Table of Contents recognize taxable gain as if we had sold Arlo common stock in a taxable sale for its fair market value, and our stockholders who received shares of Arlo common stock in the Distribution would be subject to tax as if they had received a taxable distribution equal to the fair market value of such shares. We may be exposed to claims and liabilities as a result of the Distribution. We entered into a separation agreement and various other agreements with Arlo to govern the Distribution and the relationship of the two companies going forward. These agreements provide for specific indemnity and liability obligations and could lead to disputes between us and Arlo. The indemnity rights we have against Arlo under the agreements may not be sufficient to protect us, for example if our losses exceeded our indemnity rights or if Arlo did not have the financial resources to meet its indemnity obligations. In addition, our indemnity obligations to Arlo may be significant, and these risks could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition. Our sales and operations in international markets expose us to operational, financial and regulatory risks. International sales comprise a significant amount of our overall net revenue. International sales were approximately 35% of overall net revenue in fiscal 2018 and approximately 38% of overall net revenue in fiscal 2017. We continue to be committed to growing our international sales, and while we have committed resources to expanding our international operations and sales channels, these efforts may not be successful. International operations are subject to a number of other risks, including: • • • • • • • • • • • • exchange rate fluctuations; political and economic instability, international terrorism and anti-American sentiment, particularly in emerging markets; potential for violations of anti-corruption laws and regulations, such as those related to bribery and fraud; preference for locally branded products, and laws and business practices favoring local competition; changes in local tax and customs duty laws or changes in the enforcement, application or interpretation of such laws (including potential responses to the higher tariffs on certain imported products recently announced by the current U.S. administration); potential consequences of, and uncertainty related to, the "Brexit" process in the United Kingdom, which could lead to additional expense and complexity in doing business there; increased difficulty in managing inventory; delayed revenue recognition; less effective protection of intellectual property; stringent consumer protection and product compliance regulations, including but not limited to the Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive, the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment directive and the European Ecodesign directive, or EuP, that are costly to comply with and may vary from country to country; difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations; and business difficulties, including potential bankruptcy or liquidation, of any of our worldwide third party logistics providers. While we believe we generally have good relations with our employees, employees in certain jurisdictions have rights which give them certain collective rights. If management must expend significant resources and effort to address and comply with these rights, our business may be harmed. We are also required to comply with local environmental legislation and our customers rely on this compliance in order to sell our products. If our customers do not agree with our interpretations and requirements of new legislation, they may cease to order our products and our revenue would be harmed. 24 Table of Contents We must comply with indirect tax laws in multiple jurisdictions, as well as complex customs duty regimes worldwide. Audits of our compliance with these rules may result in additional liabilities for taxes, duties, interest and penalties related to our international operations which would reduce our profitability. Our operations are routinely subject to audit by tax authorities in various countries. Many countries have indirect tax systems where the sale and purchase of goods and services are subject to tax based on the transaction value. These taxes are commonly referred to as value-added tax (VAT) or goods and services tax (GST). In addition, the distribution of our products subjects us to numerous complex customs regulations, which frequently change over time. Failure to comply with these systems and regulations can result in the assessment of additional taxes, duties, interest and penalties. While we believe we are in compliance with local laws, we cannot assure that tax and customs authorities would agree with our reporting positions and upon audit may assess us additional taxes, duties, interest and penalties. Additionally, some of our products are subject to U.S. export controls, including the Export Administration Regulations and economic sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. We also incorporate encryption technology into certain of our solutions. These encryption solutions and underlying technology may be exported outside of the United States only with the required export authorizations or exceptions, including by license, a license exception, appropriate classification notification requirement and encryption authorization. Furthermore, our activities are subject to U.S. economic sanctions laws and regulations that prohibit the shipment of certain products and services without the required export authorizations, including to countries, governments and persons targeted by U.S. embargoes or sanctions. Additionally, the current U.S. administration has been critical of existing trade agreements and may impose more stringent export and import controls. Obtaining the necessary export license or other authorization for a particular sale may be time consuming, and may result in delay or loss of sales opportunities even if the export license ultimately is granted. While we take precautions to prevent our solutions from being exported in violation of these laws, including using authorizations or exceptions for our encryption products and implementing IP address blocking and screenings against U.S. government and international lists of restricted and prohibited persons and countries, we have not been able to guarantee, and cannot guarantee that the precautions we take will prevent all violations of export control and sanctions laws, including if purchasers of our products bring our products and services into sanctioned countries without our knowledge. Violations of U.S. sanctions or export control laws can result in significant fines or penalties and incarceration could be imposed on employees and managers for criminal violations of these laws. Also, various countries, in addition to the United States, regulate the import and export of certain encryption and other technology, including import and export licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products and services or our end-users’ ability to utilize our solutions in their countries. Changes in our products and services or changes in import and export regulations may create delays in the introduction of our products in international markets. Furthermore, actions by the current U.S. administration increasing duties on certain products imported from China may severely impact the price of our goods imported into the United States. It is uncertain how long these tariffs will apply. Further, other countries may follow suit and increase duties on goods produced in China. Adverse action by any government agencies related to indirect tax laws could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. If our products contain defects or errors, we could incur significant unexpected expenses, experience product returns and lost sales, experience product recalls, suffer damage to our brand and reputation, and be subject to product liability or other claims. Our products are complex and may contain defects, errors or failures, particularly when first introduced or when new versions are released. The industry standards upon which many of our products are based are also complex, experience change over time and may be interpreted in different manners. Some errors and defects may be discovered only after a product has been installed and used by the end-user. In addition, epidemic failure clauses are found in certain of our customer contracts, especially contracts with service providers. If invoked, these clauses may entitle the customer to return for replacement or obtain credits for products and inventory, as well as assess liquidated damage penalties and terminate an existing contract and cancel future or then current purchase orders. In such instances, we may also be obligated to cover significant costs incurred by the customer associated with the consequences of such epidemic failure, including freight and transportation required for product replacement and out-of-pocket costs for truck rolls to end user sites to collect the defective products. Costs or payments we make in connection with an epidemic failure may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. If our products contain defects or errors, or are found to be noncompliant with industry standards, we could experience decreased sales and increased product returns, loss of customers 25 Table of Contents and market share, and increased service, warranty and insurance costs. In addition, defects in, or misuse of, certain of our products could cause safety concerns, including the risk of property damage or personal injury. If any of these events occurred, our reputation and brand could be damaged, and we could face product liability or other claims regarding our products, resulting in unexpected expenses and adversely impacting our operating results. For instance, if a third party were able to successfully overcome the security measures in our products, such a person or entity could misappropriate customer data, third party data stored by our customers and other information, including intellectual property. In addition, the operations of our end-user customers may be interrupted. If that happens, affected end-users or others may file actions against us alleging product liability, tort, or breach of warranty claims. We have been and will be investing increased additional in-house resources on software research and development, which could disrupt our ongoing business and present distinct risks from our historically hardware-centric business. We plan to continue to evolve our historically hardware-centric business model towards a model that includes more sophisticated software offerings. As such, we will further evolve the focus of our organization towards the delivery of more integrated hardware and software solutions for our customers. While we have invested in software development in the past, we will be expending additional resources in this area in the future. Such endeavors may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, insufficient revenue to offset liabilities assumed and expenses associated with the strategy, inadequate return on capital, and unidentified issues not discovered in our due diligence. Software development is inherently risky for a company such as ours with a historically hardware-centric business model, and accordingly, our efforts in software development may not be successful. Any increased investment in software research and development may materially adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. We may spend a proportionately greater amount on software research and development in the future. If we cannot proportionately decrease our cost structure in response to competitive price pressures, our gross margin and, therefore, our profitability could be adversely affected. In addition, if our software solutions, pricing and other factors are not sufficiently competitive, or if there is an adverse reaction to our product decisions, we may lose market share in certain areas, which could adversely affect our revenue and prospects. Software research and development is complex. We must make long-term investments, develop or obtain appropriate intellectual property and commit significant resources before knowing whether our predictions will accurately reflect customer demand for our products and services. We must accurately forecast mixes of software solutions and configurations that meet customer requirements, and we may not succeed at doing so within a given product's life cycle or at all. Any delay in the development, production or marketing of a new software solution could result in us not being among the first to market, which could further harm our competitive position. In addition, our regular testing and quality control efforts may not be effective in controlling or detecting all quality issues and defects. We may be unable to determine the cause, find an appropriate solution or offer a temporary fix to address defects. Finding solutions to quality issues or defects can be expensive and may result in additional warranty, replacement and other costs, adversely affecting our profits. If new or existing customers have difficulty with our software solutions or are dissatisfied with our services, our operating margins could be adversely affected, and we could face possible claims if we fail to meet our customers' expectations. In addition, quality issues can impair our relationships with new or existing customers and adversely affect our brand and reputation, which could adversely affect our operating results. We are currently involved in numerous litigation matters in the ordinary course and may in the future become involved in additional litigation, including litigation regarding intellectual property rights, consumer class actions and securities class actions, any of which could be costly and subject us to significant liability. The networking industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding infringement of patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the data communications markets, some of which are our competitors, have extensive patent portfolios with respect to networking technology. From time to time, third parties, including these leading companies, have asserted and may continue to assert exclusive patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights against us demanding license or royalty payments or seeking payment for damages, injunctive relief and other available legal remedies through litigation. These also include third-party non-practicing entities who claim to own patents or other intellectual property that cover industry standards that our products comply with. If we are unable to resolve these matters or obtain licenses on acceptable or commercially reasonable terms, we could be sued or we may be forced to initiate litigation to protect our rights. The cost of any necessary licenses could significantly harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We may also choose to join defensive patent aggregation services in order to prevent or settle litigation against such non-practicing entities and avoid the associated significant costs and uncertainties of litigation. These patent aggregation services may obtain, or have previously obtained, licenses for the alleged patent infringement claims against us and other patent assets that could be used offensively against us. The costs of such defensive patent aggregation services, while potentially lower than the costs of litigation, may be significant as well. At any time, any of these non-practicing 26 Table of Contents entities, or any other third-party could initiate litigation against us, or we may be forced to initiate litigation against them, which could divert management attention, be costly to defend or prosecute, prevent us from using or selling the challenged technology, require us to design around the challenged technology and cause the price of our stock to decline. In addition, third parties, some of whom are potential competitors, have initiated and may continue to initiate litigation against our manufacturers, suppliers, members of our sales channels or our service provider customers or even end user customers, alleging infringement of their proprietary rights with respect to existing or future products. In the event successful claims of infringement are brought by third parties, and we are unable to obtain licenses or independently develop alternative technology on a timely basis, we may be subject to indemnification obligations, be unable to offer competitive products, or be subject to increased expenses. Consumer class-action lawsuits related to the marketing and performance of our home networking products have been asserted and may in the future be asserted against us. Finally, along with Arlo Technologies and individuals and underwriters involved in Arlo's initial public offering, we have been sued in securities class action lawsuits, and may in the future be named in other similar lawsuits. For additional information regarding certain of the lawsuits in which we are involved, see the information set forth in Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If we do not resolve these claims on a favorable basis, our business, operating results and financial condition could be significantly harmed. As part of growing our business, we have made and expect to continue to make acquisitions. If we fail to successfully select, execute or integrate our acquisitions, then our business and operating results could be harmed and our stock price could decline. From time to time, we will undertake acquisitions to add new product lines and technologies, gain new sales channels or enter into new sales territories. For example, in August 2018, we acquired Meural Inc., a leader in digital platforms for visual art, to enhance our Connected Home product and service offerings. Acquisitions involve numerous risks and challenges, including but not limited to the following: • • • • • • • • • • • integrating the companies, assets, systems, products, sales channels and personnel that we acquire; higher than anticipated acquisition and integration costs and expenses; reliance on third parties to provide transition services for a period of time after closing to ensure an orderly transition of the business; growing or maintaining revenues to justify the purchase price and the increased expenses associated with acquisitions; entering into territories or markets with which we have limited or no prior experience; establishing or maintaining business relationships with customers, vendors and suppliers who may be new to us; overcoming the employee, customer, vendor and supplier turnover that may occur as a result of the acquisition; disruption of, and demands on, our ongoing business as a result of integration activities including diversion of management's time and attention from running the day to day operations of our business; inability to implement uniform standards, disclosure controls and procedures, internal controls over financial reporting and other procedures and policies in a timely manner; inability to realize the anticipated benefits of or successfully integrate with our existing business the businesses, products, technologies or personnel that we acquire; and potential post-closing disputes. As part of undertaking an acquisition, we may also significantly revise our capital structure or operational budget, such as issuing common stock that would dilute the ownership percentage of our stockholders, assuming liabilities or debt, utilizing a substantial portion of our cash resources to pay for the acquisition or significantly increasing operating expenses. Our acquisitions have resulted and may in the future result in charges being taken in an individual quarter as well as future periods, which results in variability in our quarterly earnings. In addition, our effective tax rate in any particular quarter may also be impacted by acquisitions. Following the closing of an acquisition, we may also have disputes with the seller regarding contractual requirements and covenants. Any such disputes may be time consuming and distract management from other aspects of our business. In addition, if we increase the pace or size of acquisitions, we will have to expend significant management time and effort into the transactions 27 Table of Contents and the integrations and we may not have the proper human resources bandwidth to ensure successful integrations and accordingly, our business could be harmed. As part of the terms of acquisition, we may commit to pay additional contingent consideration if certain revenue or other performance milestones are met. We are required to evaluate the fair value of such commitments at each reporting date and adjust the amount recorded if there are changes to the fair value. We cannot ensure that we will be successful in selecting, executing and integrating acquisitions. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquisitions could materially harm our business and operating results. In addition, if stock market analysts or our stockholders do not support or believe in the value of the acquisitions that we choose to undertake, our stock price may decline. We are subject to, and must remain in compliance with, numerous laws and governmental regulations concerning the manufacturing, use, distribution and sale of our products, as well as any such future laws and regulations. Some of our customers also require that we comply with their own unique requirements relating to these matters. Any failure to comply with such laws, regulations and requirements, and any associated unanticipated costs, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We manufacture and sell products which contain electronic components, and such components may contain materials that are subject to government regulation in both the locations that we manufacture and assemble our products, as well as the locations where we sell our products. For example, certain regulations limit the use of lead in electronic components. To our knowledge, we maintain compliance with all applicable current government regulations concerning the materials utilized in our products, for all the locations in which we operate. Since we operate on a global basis, this is a complex process which requires continual monitoring of regulations and an ongoing compliance process to ensure that we and our suppliers are in compliance with all existing regulations. There are areas where new regulations have been enacted which could increase our cost of the components that we utilize or require us to expend additional resources to ensure compliance. For example, the SEC's “conflict minerals” rules apply to our business, and we are expending significant resources to ensure compliance. The implementation of these requirements by government regulators and our partners and/or customers could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of minerals used in the manufacture of certain components used in our products. In addition, the supply-chain due diligence investigation required by the conflict minerals rules will require expenditures of resources and management attention regardless of the results of the investigation. If there is an unanticipated new regulation which significantly impacts our use of various components or requires more expensive components, that regulation would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. One area which has a large number of regulations is the environmental compliance. Management of environmental pollution and climate change has produced significant legislative and regulatory efforts on a global basis, and we believe this will continue both in scope and the number of countries participating. These changes could directly increase the cost of energy which may have an impact on the way we manufacture products or utilize energy to produce our products. In addition, any new regulations or laws in the environmental area might increase the cost of raw materials we use in our products. Environmental regulations require us to reduce product energy usage, monitor and exclude an expanding list of restricted substances and to participate in required recover and recycling of our products. While future changes in regulations are certain, we are currently unable to predict how any such changes will impact us and if such impacts will be material to our business. If there is a new law or regulation that significantly increases our costs of manufacturing or causes us to significantly alter the way that we manufacture our products, this would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our selling and distribution practices are also regulated in large part by U.S. federal and state as well as foreign antitrust and competition laws and regulations. In general, the objective of these laws is to promote and maintain free competition by prohibiting certain forms of conduct that tend to restrict production, raise prices, or otherwise control the market for goods or services to the detriment of consumers of those goods and services. Potentially prohibited activities under these laws may include unilateral conduct, or conduct undertaken as the result of an agreement with one or more of our suppliers, competitors, or customers. The potential for liability under these laws can be difficult to predict as it often depends on a finding that the challenged conduct resulted in harm to competition, such as higher prices, restricted supply, or a reduction in the quality or variety of products available to consumers. We utilize a number of different distribution channels to deliver our products to the end consumer, and regularly enter agreements with resellers of our products at various levels in the distribution chain that could be subject to scrutiny under these laws in the event of private litigation or an investigation by a governmental competition authority. In addition, many of our products are sold to consumers via the Internet. Many of the competition-related laws that govern these Internet sales were adopted prior to the advent of the Internet, and, as a result, do not contemplate or address the unique issues raised by online sales. New interpretations of existing laws and regulations, whether by courts or by the state, federal or foreign governmental authorities charged with the enforcement of those laws and regulations, may also impact our business in ways we are currently unable to 28 Table of Contents predict. Any failure on our part or on the part of our employees, agents, distributors or other business partners to comply with the laws and regulations governing competition can result in negative publicity and diversion of management time and effort and may subject us to significant litigation liabilities and other penalties. In addition to government regulations, many of our customers require us to comply with their own requirements regarding manufacturing, health and safety matters, corporate social responsibility, employee treatment, anti-corruption, use of materials and environmental concerns. Some customers may require us to periodically report on compliance with their unique requirements, and some customers reserve the right to audit our business for compliance. We are increasingly subject to requests for compliance with these customer requirements. For example, there has been significant focus from our customers as well as the press regarding corporate social responsibility policies. Recently, a number of jurisdictions have adopted public disclosure requirements on related topics, including labor practices and policies within companies' supply chains. We regularly audit our manufacturers; however, any deficiencies in compliance by our manufacturers may harm our business and our brand. In addition, we may not have the resources to maintain compliance with these customer requirements and failure to comply may result in decreased sales to these customers, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are exposed to the credit risk of some of our customers and to credit exposures in weakened markets, which could result in material losses. A substantial portion of our sales are on an open credit basis, with typical payment terms of 30 to 60 days in the United States and, because of local customs or conditions, longer in some markets outside the United States. We monitor individual customer financial viability in granting such open credit arrangements, seek to limit such open credit to amounts we believe the customers can pay, and maintain reserves we believe are adequate to cover exposure for doubtful accounts. In the past, there have been bankruptcies amongst our customer base, and certain of our customers’ businesses face financial challenges that put them at risk of future bankruptcies. Although losses resulting from customer bankruptcies have not been material to date, any future bankruptcies could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. To the degree that turmoil in the credit markets makes it more difficult for some customers to obtain financing, our customers' ability to pay could be adversely impacted, which in turn could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition. If our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings. Under generally accepted accounting principles, we review our intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered when determining if the carrying value of our goodwill or intangible assets may not be recoverable include a significant decline in our expected future cash flows or a sustained, significant decline in our stock price and market capitalization. As a result of our acquisitions, we have significant goodwill and intangible assets recorded on our balance sheets. In addition, significant negative industry or economic trends, such as those that have occurred as a result of the recent economic downturn, including reduced estimates of future cash flows or disruptions to our business could indicate that goodwill or intangible assets might be impaired. If, in any period our stock price decreases to the point where our market capitalization is less than our book value, this too could indicate a potential impairment and we may be required to record an impairment charge in that period. Our valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on projections of future operating performance. The estimates used to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit change from year to year based on operating results and market conditions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and goodwill impairment for each reporting unit. We operate in highly competitive environments and projections of future operating results and cash flows may vary significantly from actual results. As a result, we may incur substantial impairment charges to earnings in our financial statements should an impairment of our goodwill or intangible assets be determined resulting in an adverse impact on our results of operations. 29 Table of Contents We are required to evaluate our internal controls under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and any adverse results from such evaluation, including restatements of our issued financial statements, could impact investor confidence in the reliability of our internal controls over financial reporting. Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are required to furnish a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting. Such report must contain among other matters, an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of our fiscal year, including a statement as to whether or not our internal control over financial reporting is effective. This assessment must include disclosure of any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting identified by management. From time to time, we conduct internal investigations as a result of whistleblower complaints. In some instances, the whistleblower complaint may implicate potential areas of weakness in our internal controls. Although all known material weaknesses have been remediated, we cannot be certain that the measures we have taken ensure that restatements will not occur in the future. Execution of restatements create a significant strain on our internal resources and could cause delays in our filing of quarterly or annual financial results, increase our costs and cause management distraction. Restatements may also significantly affect our stock price in an adverse manner. Continued performance of the system and process documentation and evaluation needed to comply with Section 404 is both costly and challenging. During this process, if our management identifies one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert such internal control is effective. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of the end of a fiscal year or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which may have an adverse effect on our stock price. If disruptions in our transportation network occur or our shipping costs substantially increase, we may be unable to sell or timely deliver our products, and our operating expenses could increase. We are highly dependent upon the transportation systems we use to ship our products, including surface and air freight. Our attempts to closely match our inventory levels to our product demand intensify the need for our transportation systems to function effectively and without delay. On a quarterly basis, our shipping volume also tends to steadily increase as the quarter progresses, which means that any disruption in our transportation network in the latter half of a quarter will likely have a more material effect on our business than at the beginning of a quarter. The transportation network is subject to disruption or congestion from a variety of causes, including labor disputes or port strikes, acts of war or terrorism, natural disasters and congestion resulting from higher shipping volumes. Labor disputes among freight carriers and at ports of entry are common, particularly in Europe, and we expect labor unrest and its effects on shipping our products to be a continuing challenge for us. A port worker strike, work slow-down or other transportation disruption in Long Beach, California, where we have a significant distribution center, could significantly disrupt our business. For example, a series of work stoppages and slow-downs arising from labor disputes at the Long Beach port and other West Coast ports, particularly in the first quarter of 2015, negatively impacted our ability to timely deliver certain product shipments to the United States and resulted in additional transportation expense. Our international freight is regularly subjected to inspection by governmental entities. If our delivery times increase unexpectedly for these or any other reasons, our ability to deliver products on time would be materially adversely affected and result in delayed or lost revenue as well as customer imposed penalties. In addition, if increases in fuel prices occur, our transportation costs would likely increase. Moreover, the cost of shipping our products by air freight is greater than other methods. From time to time in the past, we have shipped products using extensive air freight to meet unexpected spikes in demand, shifts in demand between product categories, to bring new product introductions to market quickly and to timely ship products previously ordered. If we rely more heavily upon air freight to deliver our products, our overall shipping costs will increase. A prolonged transportation disruption or a significant increase in the cost of freight could severely disrupt our business and harm our operating results. Expansion of our operations and infrastructure may strain our operations and increase our operating expenses. We have expanded our operations and are pursuing market opportunities both domestically and internationally in order to grow our sales. This expansion has required enhancements to our existing management information systems, and operational and financial controls. In addition, if we continue to grow, our expenditures would likely be significantly higher than our historical costs. We may not be able to install adequate controls in an efficient and timely manner as our business grows, and our current systems may not be adequate to support our future operations. The difficulties associated with installing and implementing new systems, procedures and controls may place a significant burden on our management, operational and financial resources. In addition, if we grow internationally, we will have to expand and enhance our communications infrastructure. If we fail to continue to improve our management information systems, procedures and financial controls or encounter unexpected difficulties during expansion and reorganization, our business could be harmed. 30 Table of Contents For example, we have invested, and will continue to invest, significant capital and human resources in the design and enhancement of our financial and enterprise resource planning systems, which may be disruptive to our underlying business. We depend on these systems in order to timely and accurately process and report key components of our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. If the systems fail to operate appropriately or we experience any disruptions or delays in enhancing their functionality to meet current business requirements, our ability to fulfill customer orders, bill and track our customers, fulfill contractual obligations, accurately report our financials and otherwise run our business could be adversely affected. Even if we do not encounter these adverse effects, the enhancement of systems may be much more costly than we anticipated. If we are unable to continue to enhance our information technology systems as planned, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be negatively impacted. We invest in companies for both strategic and financial reasons, but may not realize a return on our investments. We have made, and continue to seek to make, investments in companies around the world to further our strategic objectives and support our key business initiatives. These investments may include equity or debt instruments of public or private companies, and may be non-marketable at the time of our initial investment. We do not restrict the types of companies in which we seek to invest. These companies may range from early-stage companies that are often still defining their strategic direction to more mature companies with established revenue streams and business models. If any company in which we invest fails, we could lose all or part of our investment in that company. If we determine that an other-than-temporary decline in the fair value exists for an equity or debt investment in a public or private company in which we have invested, we will have to write down the investment to its fair value and recognize the related write- down as an investment loss. The performance of any of these investments could result in significant impairment charges and gains (losses) on other equity investments. We must also analyze accounting and legal issues when making these investments. If we do not structure these investments properly, we may be subject to certain adverse accounting issues, such as potential consolidation of financial results. Furthermore, if the strategic objectives of an investment have been achieved, or if the investment or business diverges from our strategic objectives, we may seek to dispose of the investment. Our non-marketable equity investments in private companies are not liquid, and we may not be able to dispose of these investments on favorable terms or at all. The occurrence of any of these events could harm our results. Gains or losses from equity securities could vary from expectations depending on gains or losses realized on the sale or exchange of securities and impairment charges related to debt instruments as well as equity and other investments. We rely upon third parties for technology that is critical to our products, and if we are unable to continue to use this technology and future technology, our ability to develop, sell, maintain and support technologically innovative products would be limited. We rely on third parties to obtain non-exclusive patented hardware and software license rights in technologies that are incorporated into and necessary for the operation and functionality of most of our products. In these cases, because the intellectual property we license is available from third parties, barriers to entry into certain markets may be lower for potential or existing competitors than if we owned exclusive rights to the technology that we license and use. Moreover, if a competitor or potential competitor enters into an exclusive arrangement with any of our key third-party technology providers, or if any of these providers unilaterally decide not to do business with us for any reason, our ability to develop and sell products containing that technology would be severely limited. If we are shipping products that contain third-party technology that we subsequently lose the right to license, then we will not be able to continue to offer or support those products. In addition, these licenses often require royalty payments or other consideration to the third party licensor. Our success will depend, in part, on our continued ability to access these technologies, and we do not know whether these third-party technologies will continue to be licensed to us on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to license the necessary technology, we may be forced to acquire or develop alternative technology of lower quality or performance standards, which would limit and delay our ability to offer new or competitive products and increase our costs of production. As a result, our margins, market share, and operating results could be significantly harmed. We also utilize third-party software development companies to develop, customize, maintain and support software that is incorporated into our products. If these companies fail to timely deliver or continuously maintain and support the software, as we require of them, we may experience delays in releasing new products or difficulties with supporting existing products and customers. In addition, if these third-party licensors fail or experience instability, then we may be unable to continue to sell products that incorporate the licensed technologies in addition to being unable to continue to maintain and support these products. We do require escrow arrangements with respect to certain third-party software which entitle us to certain limited rights to the source code, in the event of certain failures by the third party, in order to maintain and support such software. However, there is no guarantee that we would be able to fully understand and use the source code, as we may not have the expertise to do so. We are increasingly exposed to these risks as we continue to develop and market more products containing third- party software, such 31 Table of Contents as our TV connectivity, security and network attached storage products. If we are unable to license the necessary technology, we may be forced to acquire or develop alternative technology, which could be of lower quality or performance standards. The acquisition or development of alternative technology may limit and delay our ability to offer new or competitive products and services and increase our costs of production. As a result, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. If we are unable to secure and protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to compete could be harmed. We rely upon third parties for a substantial portion of the intellectual property that we use in our products. At the same time, we rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, nondisclosure agreements with employees, consultants and suppliers and other contractual provisions to establish, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights and technology. Despite efforts to protect our intellectual property, unauthorized third parties may attempt to design around, copy aspects of our product design or obtain and use technology or other intellectual property associated with our products. For example, one of our primary intellectual property assets is the NETGEAR name, trademark and logo. We may be unable to stop third parties from adopting similar names, trademarks and logos, particularly in those international markets where our intellectual property rights may be less protected. Furthermore, our competitors may independently develop similar technology or design around our intellectual property. Our inability to secure and protect our intellectual property rights could significantly harm our brand and business, operating results and financial condition. Political events, war, terrorism, public health issues, natural disasters, sudden changes in trade and immigration policies, and other circumstances could materially adversely affect us. Our corporate headquarters are located in Northern California and one of our warehouses is located in Southern California, both of which are regions known for seismic activity. Substantially all of our critical enterprise-wide information technology systems, including our main servers, are currently housed in colocation facilities in Mesa, Arizona. While our critical information technology systems are located at colocation facilities in a different geographic region in the United States, our headquarters and warehouses remain susceptible to seismic activity so long as they are located in California. In addition, the majority of our manufacturing occurs in mainland China and Southeast Asia, where disruptions from natural disasters, health epidemics and political, social and economic instability may affect the region. If our manufacturers or warehousing facilities are disrupted or destroyed, we would be unable to distribute our products on a timely basis, which could harm our business. In addition, war, terrorism, geopolitical uncertainties, public health issues, sudden changes in trade and immigration policies (such as the higher tariffs on certain products imported from China enacted by the current U.S. administration), and other business interruptions have caused and could cause damage or disruption to international commerce and the global economy, and thus could have a strong negative effect on us, our suppliers, logistics providers, manufacturing vendors and customers. Our business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, terrorist attacks and other hostile acts, labor disputes, public health issues, and other events beyond our control. For example, labor disputes at manufacturing facilities in China have led to workers going on strike, and labor unrest could materially affect our third-party manufacturers' abilities to manufacture our products. Such events could decrease demand for our products, make it difficult, more expensive or impossible for us to make and deliver products to our customers or to receive components from our suppliers, and create delays and inefficiencies in our supply chain. Should major public health issues, including pandemics, arise, we could be negatively affected by more stringent employee travel restrictions, additional limitations in freight services, governmental actions limiting the movement of products between regions, delays in production ramps of new products, and disruptions in the operations of our manufacturing vendors and component suppliers. Governmental regulations of imports or exports affecting Internet security could affect our net revenue. Any additional governmental regulation of imports or exports or failure to obtain required export approval of our encryption technologies could adversely affect our international and domestic sales. The United States and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements, and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies, particularly encryption technology. In addition, from time to time, governmental agencies have proposed additional regulation of encryption technology, such as requiring the escrow and governmental recovery of private encryption keys. In response to terrorist activity, governments could enact additional regulation or restriction on the use, import, or export of encryption technology. This additional regulation of encryption technology could delay or prevent the acceptance and use of encryption products and public networks for secure communications, resulting in decreased demand for our products and services. In addition, some foreign competitors are subject to less stringent controls on exporting their encryption technologies. As a result, they may be able to compete more effectively than we can in the United States and the international Internet security market. 32 Table of Contents We are exposed to credit risk and fluctuations in the market values of our investment portfolio. Although we have not recognized any material losses on our cash equivalents and short-term investments, future declines in their market values could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. Given the global nature of our business, we have investments with both domestic and international financial institutions. Accordingly, we face exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, which may limit our investment income. If these financial institutions default on their obligations or their credit ratings are negatively impacted by liquidity issues, credit deterioration or losses, financial results, or other factors, the value of our cash equivalents and short-term investments could decline and result in a material impairment, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. 33 Table of Contents Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties Our principal administrative, sales, marketing and research and development facilities currently occupy approximately 142,700 square feet in an office complex in San Jose, California, under a lease that expires in September 2025 . Our international headquarters occupy approximately 10,000 square feet in an office complex in Cork, Ireland, under a lease that expires in December 2026 . Our international sales personnel are based out of local sales offices or home offices in Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. We also have operations personnel using leased facilities in Hong Kong, Suzhou, Guangzhou and Tangxia. We also maintain research and development facilities in Nanjing (China), Richmond B.C. (Canada), Taipei (Taiwan), and Bangalore (India). From time to time we consider various alternatives related to our long-term facilities needs. While we believe our existing facilities provide suitable space for our operations and are adequate to meet our immediate needs, it may be necessary to lease additional space to accommodate future growth. We have invested in internal capacity and strategic relationships with outside manufacturing vendors as needed to meet anticipated demand for our products. We use third parties to provide warehousing services to us, consisting of facilities in Southern California, Australia, Hong Kong and the Netherlands. Item 3. Legal Proceedings The information set forth under the heading "Litigation and Other Legal Matters" in Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies , in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is incorporated herein by reference. For additional discussion of certain risks associated with legal proceedings, see Item 1A, Risk Factors . Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 34 Table of Contents PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our common stock is publicly traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market ("Nasdaq") under the symbol "NTGR". Holders of Common Stock On February 19, 2019, there were 18 stockholders of record, one of which was Cede & Co., a nominee for Depository Trust Company (“DTC”). All of the shares of our common stock held by brokerage firms, banks and other financial institutions as nominees for beneficial owners are deposited into participant accounts at DTC and are therefore considered to be held of record by Cede & Co. as one stockholder. Dividend Policy We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Repurchase of Equity Securities by the Company Period October 1, 2018 - October 28, 2018 October 29, 2018 - November 25, 2018 November 26, 2018 - December 31, 2018 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased (2) Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 267,533 $ 5,138 $ 3,879 $ 276,550 $ 56.07 55.48 51.04 55.99 267,533 — — 267,533 1,484,884 1,484,884 1,484,884 _________________________ (1) From time to time, our Board of Directors has authorized programs under which we may repurchase shares of our common stock, depending on market conditions, in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we repurchased and retired, reported based on trade date, approximately 0.3 million shares of common stock at a cost of $15.0 million under the Company's common stock repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we repurchased and retired, as reported on trade date, approximately 9,000 shares of common stock at a cost of $0.5 million to facilitate tax withholding for RSUs. (2) Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities None. 35 Table of Contents Stock Performance Graph Notwithstanding any statement to the contrary in any of our previous or future filings with the SEC, the following information relating to the price performance of our common stock shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC or “soliciting material” under the Exchange Act and shall not be incorporated by reference into any such filings. The following graph shows a comparison from December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2018 of cumulative total return for our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Computer Index. Such returns are based on historical results and are not intended to suggest future performance. Data for the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Computer Index assume reinvestment of dividends. We have never paid dividends on our common stock and have no present plans to do so. 36 Table of Contents Item 6. Selected Financial Data Upon Arlo's Distribution on December 31, 2018, Arlo’s historical financial results for periods prior to its Distribution were reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented below. The following selected consolidated financial data are qualified in their entirety, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto, and “ Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” in Item 7 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We derived the selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 and the selected consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 from our audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We derived the selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 and the selected consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 from our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for future periods. 37 Table of Contents Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: Net revenue Cost of revenue (2) Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development (2) Sales and marketing (2) General and administrative (2) Separation expense Restructuring and other charges Litigation reserves, net Goodwill impairment charges Total operating expenses Income from operations Interest income Other income (expense), net Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income (loss) Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in discontinued operations Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) per share - basic: (1) Income (loss) from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) per share - diluted: (1) Income (loss) from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. _________________________ $ $ $ $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 $ 1,058,816 $ 1,039,169 $ 1,143,445 $ 1,211,813 $ 1,372,388 (In thousands, except per share data) 717,118 341,698 82,416 152,569 64,857 929 2,198 15 — 302,984 38,714 3,980 510 43,204 25,878 17,326 (35,655) (18,329) 731,453 307,716 71,893 138,679 54,346 — 97 148 — 265,163 42,553 2,114 1,557 46,224 57,357 (11,133) 30,569 19,436 769,543 373,902 70,904 139,591 53,996 — 3,841 73 — 268,405 105,497 1,164 (166) 106,495 36,183 70,312 5,539 75,851 860,437 351,376 77,356 142,013 45,237 — 6,359 (2,682) — 268,283 83,093 295 (47) 83,341 35,946 47,395 1,189 48,584 (9,167) (9,162) $ — — — 19,436 $ 75,851 $ 48,584 $ 0.55 $ (0.35) $ 2.15 $ 1.43 $ (0.84) (0.29) $ 0.96 0.61 $ 0.17 2.32 $ 0.04 1.47 $ 0.52 $ (0.35) $ 2.08 $ 1.40 $ (0.80) (0.28) $ 0.96 0.61 $ 0.17 2.25 $ 0.04 1.44 $ 974,870 397,518 85,420 155,278 46,552 — 2,209 (1,011) 74,196 362,644 34,874 253 2,455 37,582 26,463 11,119 (2,331) 8,788 — 8,788 0.31 (0.06) 0.25 0.31 (0.07) 0.24 (1) Information regarding calculation of per share data is described in Note 7, Net Income Per Share , in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 38 Table of Contents (2) Stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows: Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Consolidated Balance Sheets Data: Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments Working capital - continuing operations Working capital - discontinued operations Working capital Total assets - continuing operations Total assets - discontinued operations Total assets Total current liabilities - continuing operations Total current liabilities - discontinued operations Total current liabilities Total non-current liabilities - continuing operations Total non-current liabilities - discontinued operations Total non-current liabilities Total stockholders' equity $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands) 2,435 $ 4,283 $ 8,267 $ 11,476 $ 1,406 $ 2,968 $ 5,481 $ 9,114 $ 1,473 $ 2,726 $ 4,934 $ 8,008 $ 1,566 $ 2,205 $ 4,876 $ 6,752 $ 2,037 4,019 5,638 6,867 As of December 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands) 274,364 $ 473,907 $ — 329,653 $ 478,766 $ 112,462 473,907 $ 591,228 $ 365,728 $ 551,228 $ 54,904 606,132 $ 278,230 $ 475,365 $ 30,006 257,088 517,967 882 505,371 $ 518,849 1,043,376 $ 924,313 $ 1,009,946 $ 957,743 $ 1,014,162 — 284,251 174,510 92,826 34,525 1,043,376 $ 1,208,564 $ 1,184,456 $ 1,050,569 $ 1,048,687 383,992 $ 293,773 $ 278,640 $ 283,328 $ — 130,663 78,013 32,444 383,992 $ 424,436 $ 356,653 $ 315,772 $ 31,832 $ — 31,832 $ 40,310 $ 13,333 53,643 $ 23,986 $ 23,032 $ 6,998 3,055 30,984 $ 26,087 $ 627,552 $ 730,485 $ 796,819 $ 708,710 $ 298,848 5,268 304,116 22,965 41 23,006 721,565 39 Table of Contents Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to the financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A above. Business and Executive Overview NETGEAR Profile We are a global company that delivers innovative networking and Internet connected products to consumers and growing businesses. Our products are built on a variety of proven technologies such as wireless (Wi-Fi and 4G/5G mobile), Ethernet and powerline, with a focus on reliability and ease-of-use. Our product line consists of devices that create and extend wired and wireless networks as well as devices that provide a special function and attach to the network, such as smart digital canvasses. These products are available in multiple configurations to address the changing needs of our customers in each geographic region in which our products are sold. Key Developments On February 6, 2018, we announced that the Board of Directors had unanimously approved the pursuit of a separation of our smart camera business “Arlo” from NETGEAR (the “Separation”), to be effected by way of initial public offering (“IPO”) and spin-off. On August 7, 2018, Arlo Technologies, Inc. (“Arlo”) completed its IPO and generated proceeds of approximately $170.2 million, net of offering costs. Upon completion of the IPO, we held 62,500,000 shares of Arlo common stock, representing approximately 84.2% of the outstanding shares of Arlo common stock. On December 31, 2018, we completed the distribution of these 62,500,000 shares to our stockholders (the “Distribution”), and we no longer own any shares of Arlo common stock after the Distribution. Upon Arlo's Distribution on December 31, 2018, Arlo’s historical financial results for periods prior to the Distribution are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for the periods presented. For further detail, refer to Note 3, Discontinued Operations, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In connection with the Separation, we incurred Separation expense of $33.9 million since commencement in December 2017. Separation expense primarily consists of third-party advisory, consulting, legal and professional services, IT costs and employee bonuses directly related to the separation, as well as other items that are incremental and one-time in nature that are related to the Separation. The majority of these costs are reflected in our consolidated statement of operations as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The remaining costs of $0.9 million reflected in continuing operations are classified as separation cost within operating expenses in our consolidated statement of operations. Reportable segments As of December 31, 2018 upon completion of the Distribution, we operate and report in two segments: Connected Home, and Small and Medium Business ("SMB"). We believe that this structure reflects our current operational and financial management, and provides the best structure for us to focus on growth opportunities while maintaining financial discipline. The leadership team of each segment is focused on the product development efforts, both from a product marketing and engineering standpoint, to service the unique needs of their customers. The Connected Home segment is focused on consumers and consists of high- performance, dependable and easy-to-use 4G/5G mobile, Wi-Fi internet networking solutions and smart devices such as Orbi Voice smart speakers and Meural digital canvas. The SMB segment is focused on small and medium businesses and consists of business networking, storage, wireless LAN and security solutions that bring enterprise-class functionality to small and medium-sized businesses at an affordable price. We conduct business across three geographic regions: Americas; Europe, Middle-East and Africa (“EMEA”) and Asia Pacific (“APAC”). 40 Table of Contents Business Overview The markets in which all of our segments operate are intensely competitive and subject to rapid technological change. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the consumer and small and medium business markets for networking products include product breadth, size and scope of the sales channel, brand name, timeliness of new product introductions, product availability, performance, features, functionality and reliability, ease-of-installation, maintenance and use, security, and customer service and support. To remain competitive, we believe we must continue to aggressively invest resources in developing new products and subscription services, and enhancing our current products while continuing to expand our channels and maintaining customer satisfaction worldwide. Among these investments is an enhanced focus on cybersecurity relating to our products and systems, as the threat of cyber-attacks and exploitation of potential security vulnerabilities in our industry is on the rise and is increasingly a significant consumer concern. We sell our products through multiple sales channels worldwide, including traditional retailers, online retailers, wholesale distributors, direct market resellers (“DMRs”), value-added resellers (“VARs”), and broadband service providers. Our retail channel includes traditional retail locations domestically and internationally, such as Best Buy, Costco, Wal-Mart, Staples, Office Depot, Target, FNAC (Europe), MediaMarkt (Europe), Darty (France), JB HiFi (Australia), Elkjop (Norway) and Sunning and Guomei (China). Online retailers include Amazon.com worldwide, Newegg.com (US), JD.com and Alibaba (China), as well as Coolblue.com (Netherlands). Our DMRs include CDW Corporation, Insight Corporation and PC Connection in domestic markets. Our main wholesale distributors include Ingram Micro, D&H and Tech Data. In addition, we also sell our products through broadband service providers, such as multiple system operators (“MSOs”), xDSL, mobile, and other broadband technology operators domestically and internationally. Some of these retailers and broadband service providers purchase directly from us, while others are fulfilled through wholesale distributors around the world. A substantial portion of our net revenue to date has been derived from a limited number of wholesale distributors, service providers and retailers. We expect that these wholesale distributors, service providers and retailers will continue to contribute a significant percentage of our net revenue in the foreseeable future. Financial Overview On August 6, 2018, we completed the acquisition of certain intellectual property and other assets of Meural, Inc. for a purchase price of approximately $22.2 million . The acquisition qualified as a business acquisition and was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. We believe the acquisition enables us to enter a new and growing product category focused on consumer lifestyle and enhances our portfolio of hardware and service offerings. For further detail, refer to Note 4, Business Acquisition, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We experienced an increase in net revenue of 1.9% to $1.06 billion from $1.04 billion while income from operations fell 9.0% from $42.6 million to $38.7 million in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 . The increase in net revenue was attributable to the performance of SMB and Connected Home segments which experienced net revenue growth of 6.2% to $287.8 million from $270.9 million and 0.4% to $771.1 million from $768.3 million, respectively. The increase in SMB net revenue was primarily due to growth in switches compared to the prior periods. The increase in Connected Home net revenue was primarily due to home wireless and broadband modem and gateway products, partially offset by lower net revenue from mobile products. Operating expenses increased $37.8 million in fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period as a result of increased sales and marketing of $13.9 million, research and development of $10.5 million and general and administrative of $10.5 million. The increase in operating expenses was partially offset by higher net revenue and gross margin achievement resulting in an overall decline of $3.8 million in income from operations compared to the prior year period. On a geographic basis, net revenue increased in the Americas and EMEA and declined in APAC during fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 . The increase in the Americas net revenue was primarily driven by higher net revenue of home wireless, broadband modem and gateway products, and switches. The increase in EMEA was primarily driven by increased net revenue of home wireless products and switches, partially offset by a reduction in net revenue of broadband modem and gateway products. APAC net revenue decreased due to a decline in net revenue of our mobile, broadband modem and gateway, and home wireless products, partially offset by increased net revenue of switches. Looking forward, we are targeting mid-single digit growth in our Connected Home segment compared with the same period of the prior year driven by success in Wi-Fi home systems, broadband modems and gateway products and Meural smart canvas. We expect to capitalize on technological inflection points of 802.11 ax and 5G through new product introductions and to continue to develop and roll out service offerings to build recurring service revenue streams. We expect growth in our SMB segment 41 Table of Contents driven by sales of our 10Gig, PoE, PoE+, web-managed and app-managed switches, and ProAV switches. We expect service provider net revenue to be approximately $35 million for Connected home and SMB combined per quarter in 2019. In addition, we expect a shift in consumer preference away from single point Wi-Fi routers to whole Home Wi-Fi Systems which may require increased marketing and promotional expenditures to achieve similar levels of market share as we have experienced in the Wi-Fi router category. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make assumptions, judgments and estimates that can have a significant impact on the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be applicable and reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. These estimates may change as new events occur, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. On a regular basis we evaluate our assumptions, judgments and estimates and make changes accordingly. We also discuss our critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Note 1, The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. We have listed below our critical accounting policies that we believe to have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Historically, our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to our critical accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results. Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”) and applied this guidance to those contracts which were not completed at the date of adoption using the modified retrospective method. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods (ASC 605). Upon adoption, the majority of sales revenue continues to be recognized when control of the product transfers to a customer upon shipment or delivery. The primary change from ASC 605 to ASC 606 relates to the establishment of liability estimates for channel rebates and discounts upon revenue recognition on the basis of customary business practice. Under ASC 605, we recorded estimated reductions to revenues for sales incentives at the later of when the related revenue was recognized or when the program was offered to the customer or end consumer. Under ASC 606, we are required to estimate for rebates and discounts ahead of commitment date if customary business practice creates an implied expectation that such activities will occur in the future. Further, under ASC 606, deferred revenue balances are to be booked at an amount that reflects only the amounts expected to be received for future obligations. As such, an adjustment was made to allocate variable consideration to deferred revenue. Additionally, the balance sheet presentation of certain reserve balances previously shown net within accounts receivable are now presented as refund liabilities within current liabilities. Deferrals for undelivered shipments with destination shipping terms are now removed from receivables and deferred revenue. Under 606, revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The majority of our revenue comes from product sales, consisting of sales of Connected Home and SMB hardware products to customers (retailers, distributors and service providers). Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the goods are transferred to the customer, generally occurring upon shipment or delivery dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. The amount recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the transferred goods. Revenue for subscription sales is generally recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customers at the time of registration. The subscription contracts are generally for 30 days or 12 months in length, billed in advance. Additionally, we sell technical support services and extended warranty which consist of telephone and internet access to technical support personnel, hardware replacement and updates to software features. All such service or support sales are typically recognized using an output measure of progress by looking at the time elapsed as the contracts generally provide the customer equal benefit throughout the contract period because the Company 42 Table of Contents transfers control evenly by providing a stand-ready service. We also sell services bundled with hardware products and accounts for these sales in line with the multiple performance obligations guidance. We combine contracts with a customer if contracts are negotiated with a single commercial substance or contain price dependencies. Revenue from all sales types is recognized at transaction price, the amount we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Transaction price is calculated as selling price net of variable consideration which may include estimates for future returns, sales incentives and price protection related to current period product revenue. Our standard obligation to our direct customers generally provides for a full refund in the event that such product is not merchantable or is found to be damaged or defective. In determining estimates for future returns, we estimate variable consideration at the expected value amounts which is based on management's analysis of historical data, channel inventory levels, current economic trends and changes in customer demand for our products. Sales incentives and price protection are determined based on a combination of the actual amounts committed and through estimating future expenditure based upon historical customary business practice. Typically variable consideration does not need to be constrained as estimates are based on predictive historical data or future commitments that are planned and controlled by us. However, we continue to assess variable consideration estimates such that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. Significant Judgments We enter into contracts to sell our products and services, and while some of our sales agreements contain standard terms and conditions, there are agreements that contain non-standard terms and conditions and include promises to transfer multiple goods or services. As a result, significant interpretation and judgment is sometimes required to determine the appropriate accounting for these transactions including: (1) whether performance obligations are considered distinct and require to be accounted for separately or combined, including allocation of transaction price; (2) developing an estimate of the stand-alone selling price, or SSP, of each distinct performance obligation; (3) combining contracts that may impact the allocation of the transaction price between product and services; and (4) estimating and accounting for variable consideration, including rights of return, rebates, price protection, expected penalties or other price concessions as a reduction of the transaction price. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We consider multiple factors, including, but not limited to, historical discounting trends for products and services, pricing practices in different geographies and through different sales channels, gross margin objectives, internal costs, competitor pricing strategies, and industry technology lifecycles. Our estimates for rights of return, rebates, and price protection are based on historical sales returns and price protection credits, specific criteria outlined in customer contracts or rebate agreements, and other factors known at the time. Our estimates for expected penalties and other price concessions are based on historical trends and expectations regarding future incurrence. Changes in judgments with respect to these assumptions and estimates could impact the timing or amount of revenue recognition. Allowances for Warranty Obligations, Returns due to Stock Rotation, and Sales Incentives At the time revenue is recognized, an estimate of future warranty returns is recorded as variable consideration to reduce revenue in the amount of the expected credit or refund to be provided to our direct customers. At the time we record the reduction to revenue related to warranty returns, we include within cost of revenue a write-down to reduce the carrying value of such products to net realizable value. Our standard warranty obligation to end-users provides for replacement of a defective product for one or more years. Factors that affect the warranty obligation include product failure rates, material usage, and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failures. The estimated cost associated with fulfilling the warranty obligation to end-users is recorded in cost of revenue. Because our products are manufactured by third-party manufacturers, in certain cases we have recourse to the third-party manufacturer for replacement or credit for the defective products. We give consideration to amounts recoverable from our third-party manufacturers in determining our warranty liability. Our estimated allowances for product warranties can vary from actual results and we may have to record additional revenue reductions or charges to cost of revenue, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations. In addition to warranty-related returns, certain distributors and retailers generally have the right to return product for stock rotation purposes. Upon shipment of the product, we reduce revenue for an estimate of potential future stock rotation returns related to the current period product revenue. We analyze historical returns, channel inventory levels, current economic trends and changes in customer demand for our products when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for sales returns, namely stock rotation returns. Our estimated allowances for returns due to stock rotation can vary from actual results and we may have to record additional revenue reductions, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations. 43 Table of Contents We accrue for sales incentives as a marketing expense if we receive an identifiable benefit in exchange and can reasonably estimate the fair value of the identifiable benefit received; otherwise, it is recorded as a reduction of revenues. Our estimated provisions for sales incentives can vary from actual results and we may have to record additional expenses or additional revenue reductions dependent on the classification of the sales incentive. Valuation of Inventory We value our inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value, cost being determined using the first-in, first-out method. We periodically assess the value of our inventory and periodically write down its value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. On a quarterly basis, we review inventory quantities on hand and on order under non-cancelable purchase commitments, including consignment inventory, in comparison to our estimated forecast of product demand for the next nine months to determine what inventory, if any, is not saleable. Our analysis is based on the demand forecast but takes into account market conditions, product development plans, product life expectancy and other factors. Based on this analysis, we write down the affected inventory value for estimated excess and obsolescence charges. At the point of loss recognition, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. As demonstrated during prior years, demand for our products can fluctuate significantly. If actual demand is lower than our forecasted demand and we fail to reduce our manufacturing accordingly, we could be required to write down the value of additional inventory, which would have a negative effect on our gross profit. Goodwill Goodwill represents the purchase price over estimated fair value of net assets of businesses acquired in a business combination. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually on the first day of the fourth quarter. Should certain events or indicators of impairment occur between annual impairment tests, we will perform the impairment test as those events or indicators occur. Examples of such events or circumstances include the following: a significant decline in our expected future cash flows, a sustained, significant decline in our stock price and market capitalization, a significant adverse change in the business climate, slower growth rates, and a more-likely-than-not expectation of selling or disposing of all, or a portion, of a reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The qualitative assessment considers the following factors: macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall company financial performance, events affecting the reporting units, and changes in our share price. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, we estimate our fair value and compare the fair value with the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the fair value is greater than the carrying value of our reporting unit, no impairment results. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount that the carrying amount of a reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The impairment charge would be recorded to earnings in the consolidated statements of operations. On completion of the Arlo IPO on August 7, 2018, we evaluated goodwill relating to the Arlo segment for impairment by comparing its fair value as evidenced by the quoted market price during the IPO with its carrying value, and concluded that the fair value of the Arlo reporting unit was not less than its carrying amount. Therefore, no goodwill impairment was recognized. We completed our annual impairment test of goodwill as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter of 2018, or October 1, 2018. In anticipation of the Distribution of our shareholding in Arlo Technologies, Inc, we elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test to determine if the goodwill for the remaining two segments, or reporting units, i.e. Connected Home and SMB, was impaired by comparing each reporting unit’s fair value with its carrying amount. The fair value of the reporting unit was determined by the income approach. Under the income approach, we calculated the fair value based on the present value of the estimated cash flows. Cash flow projections were based on management's estimates of revenue growth rates and net operating income margins, taking into consideration market and industry conditions. The discount rate used was based on the weighted-average cost of capital adjusted for the risk, size premium, and business-specific characteristics related to the business's ability to execute on the projected cash flows. Other unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value included a normalized working capital level, capital expenditures assumptions, control premium, and terminal growth rates. The results of the quantitative test indicated that the fair value of the reporting units, Connected Home and SMB, exceeds their carrying amounts, respectively. Therefore, as of December 31, 2018, we determined that the goodwill for our reporting units 44 Table of Contents was not impaired. No goodwill impairment was recognized for our reporting units in the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016 . For Connected Home, and SMB reporting units, we do not believe it is likely that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions we use to test for impairment losses on goodwill. However, if the actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may be exposed to a future impairment charge that could be material. Long-Lived Assets Excluding Goodwill Our long lived assets include goodwill, purchased intangibles with finite lives and property and equipment. Purchased intangibles with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, which range from three to ten years. Property and equipment are stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation. Long lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Examples of such events or circumstances include the following: a significant decrease in the market price of the asset, a significant decline in our expected future cash flows, significant changes or planned changes in our use of the assets, a sustained, significant decline in our stock price and market capitalization and a significant adverse change in the business climate. D etermination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future net cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. The carrying value of the asset is reviewed on a regular basis for the existence of facts, both internal and external, that may suggest impairment. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , in conjunction with our quantitative impairment assessment for goodwill, long-lived assets were assessed for recoverability, including the depreciation and amortization policies for long-lived asset groups and their respective useful lives. The results of the assessment did not indicate that the carrying amount of our finite-lived assets may not be recoverable from their undiscounted cash flows. Therefore, we did not record any impairments to our long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . Charges related to the impairment of property and equipment were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . We will continue to evaluate the carrying value of our long-lived assets and if we determine in the future that there is a potential further impairment, we may be required to record additional charges to earnings which could affect our financial results. Income Taxes We account for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences resulting from different treatments for tax versus accounting of certain items, such as accruals and allowances not currently deductible for tax purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within the consolidated balance sheets. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not more likely than not, we must establish a valuation allowance. Our assessment considers the recognition of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis. Accordingly, in assessing our future taxable income on a jurisdictional basis, we consider the effect of its transfer pricing policies on that income. We have recorded a valuation allowance against California deferred tax assets and certain federal deferred tax assets since the recovery of the assets is uncertain. We believe that all of our other deferred tax assets are recoverable; however, if there were a change in our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we would be required to take a charge in the period in which we determined that recovery was not more likely than not. Uncertain tax provisions are recognized under guidance that provides that a company should use a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold based on the technical merits of the income tax position taken. Income tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be measured in order to determine the tax benefit to be recognized in the financial statements. We include interest expense and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as additional tax expense. The Company has accounted for the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), enacted on December 22, 2017 on a provisional basis in its 2017 consolidated financial statements. We completed our review of provisional estimates made in respect to the Tax Act in the fourth quarter of 2018, within the one year measurement period from the enactment date. Certain international provisions introduced in the Tax Act require accounting policy elections which were evaluated during the 45 Table of Contents measurement period. An accounting policy election is available to either account for the tax effects of certain taxes in the period that is subject to such taxes or to provide deferred taxes for book and tax basis differences that upon reversal may be subject to such taxes. We elect to account for the tax effects of these provisions in the period that it is subject to such tax. Accordingly, we recorded the impact of these provisions as a current tax expense or tax benefit. Results of Operations The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, the consolidated statements of operations data, which is derived from the accompanying consolidated financial statements with Arlo's historical financial results for periods prior to the Distribution reflected as discontinued operations: 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands, except percentage data) $ 1,058,816 100.0 % $ 1,039,169 100.0 % $ 1,143,445 Year Ended December 31, 717,118 341,698 82,416 152,569 64,857 929 2,198 15 302,984 38,714 3,980 510 43,204 25,878 17,326 (35,655) (18,329) 67.7 % 32.3 % 7.8 % 14.4 % 6.1 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.0 % 28.6 % 3.7 % 0.4 % 0.0 % 4.1 % 2.5 % 1.6 % (3.3)% $ (1.7)% 731,453 307,716 71,893 138,679 54,346 — 97 148 265,163 42,553 2,114 1,557 46,224 57,357 (11,133) 30,569 19,436 70.4 % 29.6 % 6.9 % 13.4 % 5.2 % — % 0.0 % 0.0 % 25.5 % 4.1 % 0.2 % 0.1 % 4.4 % 5.5 % (1.1)% 3.0 % $ 1.9 % 769,543 373,902 70,904 139,591 53,996 — 3,841 73 268,405 105,497 1,164 (166) 106,495 36,183 70,312 5,539 75,851 (9,167) (0.8)% $ — — % $ — (9,162) (0.9)% $ 19,436 1.9 % $ 75,851 Net revenue Cost of revenue Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Separation expense Restructuring and other charges Litigation reserves, net Total operating expenses Income from operations Interest income Other income (expense), net Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income (loss) Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in discontinued operations Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. $ $ $ Net Revenue by Geographic Region 100.0 % 67.3 % 32.7 % 6.2 % 12.3 % 4.7 % — % 0.3 % 0.0 % 23.5 % 9.2 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 9.3 % 3.2 % 6.1 % 0.5 % 6.6 % — % 6.6 % Our net revenue consists of gross product shipments and service revenue, less allowances for estimated sales returns, price protection, end-user customer rebates and other channel sales incentives deemed to be a reduction of net revenue per the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition, and net changes in deferred revenue. We conduct business across three geographic regions: Americas, EMEA and APAC. For reporting purposes, revenue is generally attributed to each geographic region based upon the location of the customer. 46 Table of Contents Americas Percentage of net revenue EMEA Percentage of net revenue APAC Percentage of net revenue Total net revenue 2018 vs 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 700,693 66.2% 207,599 19.6% 150,524 14.2% (In thousands, except percentage data) 5.4 % $ 665,089 (9.5)% $ 734,980 64.0% 64.3% 5.3 % $ 197,074 (9.4)% $ 217,554 19.0% 19.0% (15.0)% $ 177,006 (7.3)% $ 190,911 17.0% 16.7% 1,058,816 1.9 % $ 1,039,169 (9.1)% $ 1,143,445 $ $ $ $ The increase in Americas net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year was due to higher net revenue of home wireless, broadband modem and gateway products in the Connected Home segment, and switches in the SMB segment. The increase in net revenue was driven by sales to non-service provider customers, with sales to service provider customers falling by $6.4 million compared to the prior year period. Net revenue to non-service provider customers increased mainly due to home wireless products which experienced strong performance in Wi-Fi systems. Net revenue was negatively impacted by channel promotion activities deemed to be a reduction of revenue increasing disproportionately compared to the prior year period. EMEA net revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the prior year, driven by increased net revenue of home wireless products and switches, partially offset by slight declines in net revenue of our broadband modem and gateway products. Connected Home and SMB net revenue increased by 6.9% and 8.4%, respectively, mainly due to growth in the aforementioned product categories. The growth in net revenue was driven by non-service provider customers with net revenue from service providers falling slightly compared to the prior year period. APAC net revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower net revenue of our mobile, broadband modem and gateway, and home wireless products in the Connected Home segment, partially offset by higher net revenue of switches in the SMB segment. The fall in net revenue from mobile, broadband modem and gateway products was due to lower net revenue from service provider customers which fell approx $23.4 million compared to the prior year period. 2017 vs 2016 The decrease in Americas net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year was due to declines in net revenue of broadband modem and gateway products and switches. Connected Home net revenue fell 8.1% compared to the prior year, predominantly due to significant declines in net revenue from our service provider customers. The fall in service provider net revenue is as a result of decisions taken by management in fiscal 2015 and 2016 to reduce focus on sales to certain service provider customers. SMB net revenue fell 15.5% compared to the prior year. The decline in SMB net revenue was due to a combination of lower net revenue of switches combined with increased investment in channel promotional activities and higher proportionate sales returns compared to the prior year period. EMEA net revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the prior year, driven by declines in net revenue of our broadband modem and gateway and powerline products. Connected Home and SMB net revenue declined by 15.8% and 2.8%, respectively, mainly due to declines in net revenue of the aforementioned product categories. Net revenue declined for both non-service provider and service provider customers by $14.1 million and $6.4 million respectively. Additionally, Connected Home net revenue was further impacted by increases in channel promotional activities and provisions for sales returns compared to the prior year period. APAC net revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower net revenue of our broadband modem and gateway products, partially offset by higher net revenue of mobile products. The fall in net revenue from our broadband modem and gateway products was due to lower net revenue from service provider customers which fell approx $9.9 million compared to the prior year period. 47 Table of Contents Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin Cost of revenue consists primarily of the following: the cost of finished products from our third party manufacturers; overhead costs, including purchasing, product planning, inventory control, warehousing and distribution logistics; third-party software licensing fees; inbound freight; import duties/tariffs; warranty costs associated with returned goods; write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory; amortization expense of certain acquired intangibles; and costs attributable to the provision of service offerings. We outsource our manufacturing, warehousing and distribution logistics. We believe this outsourcing strategy allows us to better manage our product costs and gross margin. Our gross margin can be affected by a number of factors, including fluctuation in foreign exchange rates, sales returns, changes in average selling prices, end-user customer rebates and other channel sales incentives, and changes in our cost of goods sold due to fluctuations in prices paid for components, net of vendor rebates, warranty and overhead costs, inbound freight and duty/tariffs, conversion costs, charges for excess or obsolete inventory and amortization of acquired intangibles. The following table presents costs of revenue and gross margin, for the periods indicated: Cost of revenue Gross margin percentage 2018 vs 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 (In thousands, except percentage data) $ 717,118 (2.0)% $ 731,453 (4.9)% $ 769,543 32.3% 29.6% 32.7% Cost of revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily due to improved product margin performance, lower proportionate provisions for warranty expense, and lower air freight costs compared to the prior year period. Gross margin increased for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year primarily due to improved product margin performance, lower proportionate provisions for sales returns and warranty expense, favorable foreign exchange rate movements and lower air freight costs compared to the prior year period. 2017 vs 2016 Cost of revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017 due primarily to net revenue decreasing compared to the prior year period. Gross margin decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year. The decline in gross margin was mainly attributable to increased channel promotional expenditure deemed to be contra-revenue under authoritative guidance for revenue recognition, and increased provision for sales return and warranty expense disproportionate to net revenue as our mix has shifted towards retail. For fiscal 2019, we expect gross margins to be in line or slightly improve from fiscal 2018. Forecasting future gross margin percentages is difficult, and there are a number of risks related to our ability to maintain or improve our current gross margin levels. Our cost of revenue as a percentage of net revenue can vary significantly based upon a number of factors such as the following: uncertainties surrounding revenue levels, including future pricing and/or potential discounts as a result of the economy or in response to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar in our international markets, and related production level variances; import customs duties and imposed tariffs; competition; changes in technology; changes in product mix; variability of stock-based compensation costs; royalties to third parties; fluctuations in freight and repair costs; manufacturing and purchase price variances; changes in prices on commodity components; warranty costs; and the timing of sales, particularly to service provider customers. We expect that revenue derived from paid subscription service plans will increase in the future, which may have a positive impact on our gross margin. From time to time, however, we may experience fluctuations in our gross margin as a result of the factors discussed above. 48 Table of Contents Operating Expenses Research and Development Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel expenses, payments to suppliers for design services, safety and regulatory testing, product certification expenditures to qualify our products for sale into specific markets, prototypes, IT and facility allocations, and other consulting fees. Research and development expenses are recognized as they are incurred. We have invested in building our research and development organization to enhance our ability to introduce innovative and easy-to-use products. The following table presents research and development expense, for the periods indicated: Research and development expense $ 82,416 14.6% $ 71,893 1.4% $ 70,904 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 (In thousands, except percentage data) Year Ended December 31, 2018 vs 2017 Research and development expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year period, due to increased spending of $7.9 million in personnel-related expenditures and variable compensation, and $4.4 million in IT and facility allocations, partially offset by a reduction of $1.6 million in engineering projects and outside professional services. The increased expenditures on engineering projects and outside professional services were due to continuous investment in strategic focus areas as we seek to expand our product portfolio and service offerings. Research and development headcount increased from 264 as of December 31, 2017 to 274 as of December 31, 2018. 2017 vs 2016 Research and development expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year period, due to increased spending of $3.5 million in engineering projects and outside professional services, and $3.4 million in IT and facility allocations, partially offset by a reduction in personnel-related expenditures and variable compensations of $5.8 million. Research and development headcount decreased from 268 as of December 31, 2016 to 264 as of December 31, 2017. We believe that innovation and technological leadership is critical to our future success, and we are committed to continuing a significant level of research and development to develop new technologies, products and services to combat competitive pressures. We continue to invest in research and development to grow our cloud platform capabilities, and connected home products portfolio including services and mobile applications, expand our 10Gig, PoE, web-managed and app- managed switches, and develop innovative Wi-Fi and 4G/5G mobile Advanced and 5G coverage solutions. For fiscal 2019, we expect research and development expenses to grow in absolute dollars as we continue to allocate resources to help accelerate growth in key strategic areas. Research and development expenses will fluctuate depending on the timing and number of development activities in any given quarter and could vary significantly as a percentage of net revenue, depending on actual revenues achieved in any given quarter. Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of advertising, trade shows, corporate communications and other marketing expenses, product marketing expenses, outbound freight costs, amortization of certain intangibles, personnel expenses for sales and marketing staff, technical support expenses, and IT and facility allocations. The following table presents sales and marketing expense, for the periods indicated: Sales and marketing expense $ 152,569 10.0% $ 138,679 (0.7)% $ 139,591 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 (In thousands, except percentage data) Year Ended December 31, 49 Table of Contents 2018 vs 2017 Sales and marketing expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year, primarily attributable to an increase in personnel- related expenditures and variable compensation of $9.4 million and IT and facility allocation expenditures of $2.1 million. Sales and marketing headcount as of December 31, 2018 was 312, down from 323 as of December 31, 2017. The fall in headcount was primarily associated with restructuring activities initiated in the fourth quarter of 2018. 2017 vs 2016 Sales and marketing expense decreased slightly for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year, primarily due to reductions of $2.6 million in outside professional services, $1.7 million in personnel-related expenditures and variable compensation, substantially offset by an increase in marketing expenditures. The increased marketing spend was incurred to support new product introductions and brand marketing campaigns, primarily relating to Consumer Home products. Sales and marketing headcount increased from 313 as of December 31, 2016 to 323 as of December 31, 2017. We expect our sales and marketing expense to grow in absolute dollars for fiscal year 2019. We expect to continue to invest in brand marketing to strengthen our competitive position in fast growing product categories. Expenses may fluctuate depending on revenue levels achieved as certain expenses, such as commissions, are determined based upon the revenues achieved. Forecasting sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of net revenue is highly dependent on expected revenue levels and could vary significantly depending on actual revenues achieved in any given quarter. Marketing expenses will also fluctuate depending upon the timing, extent and nature of marketing programs. General and Administrative General and administrative expense consists of salaries and related expenses for executives, finance and accounting, human resources, information technology, professional fees, including legal costs associated with defending claims against us, allowance for doubtful accounts, IT and facility allocations, and other general corporate expenses. The following table presents general and administrative expense, for the periods indicated: General and administrative expense $ 64,857 19.3% $ 54,346 0.6% $ 53,996 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 (In thousands, except percentage data) Year Ended December 31, 2018 vs 2017 General and administrative expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year, mainly due to higher personnel-related expenditures and variable compensations of $6.7 million and legal and professional services of $2.8 million. The increase in legal and professional services were primarily due to increased spending related to certain litigation matters and increased patent prosecution activity. General and administrative headcount decreased from 177 employees as of December 31, 2017 to 143 employees as of December 31, 2018. The fall in headcount was primarily attributable to the Separation of the Arlo business as a number of NETGEAR employees were transferred to Arlo Technologies and have not subsequently been replaced. 2017 vs 2016 General and administrative expense increased slightly for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year, mainly due to higher legal and professional services of $2.0 million, substantially offset by a reduction in personnel-related expenditures and variable compensations. The higher legal and professional services were primarily attributable to expenses incurred in relation to segment changes and the adoption of new revenue guidance. General and administrative headcount increased from 161 employees as of December 31, 2016 to 177 employees as of December 31, 2017. We expect our general and administrative expenses to be slightly lower or in line with 2018. General and administrative expenses could fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including the level and timing of expenditures associated with litigation defense costs in connection with the litigation described in Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, in Notes to 50 Table of Contents Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Future general and administrative expense increases or decreases in absolute dollars are difficult to predict due to the lack of visibility of certain costs, including legal costs associated with defending claims against us, as well as legal costs associated with asserting and enforcing our intellectual property portfolio and other factors. Restructuring and Other Charges Restructuring and other charges **Percentage data not meaningful Year Ended December 31, 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 $ 2,198 (In thousands, except percentage data) ** $ 97 (97.5)% $ 3,841 Restructuring and other charges recognized in fiscal 2018 were primarily for severance, and other costs in relation to certain office closures and downsizes. No significant restructuring and other charges were recognized during fiscal 2017. Restructuring and other charges recognized in 2016 related primarily to severance, other one-time termination benefits and other associated costs incurred to resize our former commercial segment and former service provider segment. Restructuring actions are subject to significant risks, including delays in implementing expense control programs or workforce reductions and the failure to meet operational targets due to the loss of employees, all of which would impair our ability to achieve anticipated cost reductions. If we do not achieve anticipated cost reductions, our financial results could be negatively impacted. For further discussion of restructuring and other charges, refer to Note 15, Restructuring and Other Charges, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Interest Income and Other Income (Expense), Net Interest income represents amounts earned on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Other income (expense), net primarily represents gains and losses on transactions denominated in foreign currencies and other miscellaneous income and expenses. The following table presents interest income and other income (expense), net for the periods indicated: Interest income Other income (expense), net Total ** Percentage change not meaningful. Year Ended December 31, 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 $ $ 3,980 510 4,490 (In thousands, except percentage data) 88.3 % $ (67.2)% 22.3 % $ 2,114 1,557 3,671 81.6% $ ** ** $ 1,164 (166) 998 Interest income in fiscal 2018 and 2017 increased compared to the respective prior year, due to higher yields on short term investment. Other income (expense), net for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily composed of foreign currency transaction gains, partially offset by losses recognized relating to foreign currency forward contracts. Our foreign currency hedging program effectively reduced volatility associated with hedged currency exchange rate movements in fiscal 2018. For a detailed discussion of our hedging program and related foreign currency contracts, refer to Note 6, Derivative Financial Instruments , in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Interest income and other income (expense), net will fluctuate due to changes in interest rates and returns on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, any future impairment of investments, foreign currency rate fluctuations on hedged exposures, fluctuations in costs associated with our hedging program, gains and losses on asset disposals and timing of non-income based taxes and license fees. The cash balance could also decrease depending upon the amount of cash used in our stock repurchase activity, any future acquisitions and other factors which would also impact our interest income. 51 Table of Contents Provision for Income Taxes Provision for income taxes Effective tax rate 2018 vs 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 $ 25,878 (54.9)% $ 57,357 58.5% $ (In thousands, except percentage data) 59.9% 124.1% 36,183 34.0% The decrease in the effective tax rate and the decrease in tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, resulted primarily from the combination of a decline in pre-tax earnings and the decrease in the US federal tax rate from 35% to 21%, and the impact of other provisions of the tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Additionally, tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 included the effect of the implementation of certain aspects of the Tax Act including recording provisional expense for the transition tax of $21.7 million for US federal and state income tax purposes. Additionally, the Company recorded tax expense of $26.6 million resulting from the remeasurement of net deferred tax assets resulting from the reduction in US federal tax rate. These items resulted in higher tax expense during fiscal 2017. During fiscal year 2018, the Company completed the computation of the transition tax as part of the 2017 income tax returns filing and reduced the federal and state provisional amount by $6.7 million. The Company has also evaluated the impact of the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income “GILTI”, Foreign Derived Intangible Income “FDII” and Base Erosion and Anti-abuse Tax “BEAT” provisions and as a result recorded a detriment of $0.4 million and a benefit of $(0.7) million in relation to GILTI and FDII respectively, resulting on a net benefit of $(0.3) million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded tax expense of $23.0 million in continuing operations related to the write-off of deferred tax assets for which the underlying assets and liabilities related to Arlo. We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our future foreign tax rate could be affected by changes in the composition in earnings in countries with tax rates differing from the U.S. federal rate. We are under examination in various U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. 2017 vs 2016 On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Act. The increase in the effective tax rate and the income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year was largely resulting from the newly passed Tax Act, where the company had to take into account the effects of a reduction in tax rates from 35% to 21% on its deferred tax assets and liabilities and to record a one-time transition tax. After the enactment of the Tax Act, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address the application of US GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. We calculated an estimate of the impact of the Tax Act in the income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2017 in accordance with our understanding of the Tax Act and guidance available at the time of filing and as a result recorded $48.3 million as additional income tax expense in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2017, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The provisional amount related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, was $26.6 million. The provisional amount related to the one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings was $21.7 million. In accordance with SAB 118, we determined that the $21.7 million of current tax expense recorded in connection with the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings was a provisional amount and a reasonable estimate at December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, no estimate was feasible and no provisional amounts were recorded in the financial statements for the impact of the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provision of the Tax Act. The GILTI provision imposes taxes on foreign earnings in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets. 52 Table of Contents In addition to the impact of the Tax Act, the increase in the effective tax rate and income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year, was partially offset by a reversal of uncertain tax positions and related interest of $3.4 million from the completion of tax audits and the lapsing of statutes of limitation. Further, tax expense for the December 31, 2016 period included a $1.8 million non-recurring tax benefit related to a change in estimate during fiscal 2016. We adopted ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" on January 1, 2017, which requires excess tax benefits or deficiencies to be reflected in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of the provision for income taxes whereas they previously were recorded in equity. Total excess tax benefits recognized in the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $2.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively. Net Loss from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax On December 31, 2018, we completed the Distribution and we no longer own any shares of Arlo common stock. Upon Arlo's Distribution on December 31, 2018, Arlo's historical financial results for periods prior to the Distribution have been reflected in our consolidated statement of operations, retrospectively, as discontinued operations. For details on our separation of the Arlo business, refer to Note 3, Discontinued Operations , in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Net Loss Attributable to Non-controlling Interest Non-controlling interests reflects the proportionate Arlo loss incurred post Arlo Technologies, Inc.'s IPO and before the Distribution attributable to the 15.8% of Arlo common stock not held by NETGEAR. Segment Information As a result of Arlo's Distribution, we operate and report in two segments as of December 31, 2018: Connected Home and SMB. Additional information on a description of our products and services, as well as segment financial data, for each segment and a reconciliation of segment contribution income to income before income taxes can be found in Note 13, Segment Information , in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10- K. Connected Home Net revenue Percentage of net revenue Contribution income Contribution margin 2018 vs 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 $ 771,060 0.4% $ 768,261 (9.3)% $ 846,929 (in thousands, except percentage data) 72.8% 96,340 12.5% 73.9% 14.9% 83,870 (39.7)% 10.9% 74.1% 138,997 16.4% Connected Home segment net revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year. The increase in Connected Home net revenue was primarily due to home wireless and broadband modem and gateway products, partially offset by decreased net revenue from mobile products. The growth in home wireless was experienced across both service provider and non-service provider channels, while the increase in broadband and gateway related solely to non-service provider customers. In total, net revenue from service provider customers fell $33.5 million compared to the prior year period. Geographically, net revenue increased in Americas and EMEA, but decreased in APAC. Contribution income increased for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher net revenue and gross margin attainment, mainly due to favorable product mix and lower warranty expense, partially offset by higher operating expenses as a proportion of net revenue. 53 Table of Contents 2017 vs 2016 Connected Home segment net revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year. The decrease in Connected Home net revenue was primarily due to broadband modem and gateway, home wireless and powerline products, partially offset by increased net revenue from mobile products. The fall in broadband gateways was experienced across both service provider and non-service provider channels, while the fall in home wireless related solely to service provider customers. In total, net revenue from service provider customers fell $59.8 million compared to the prior year period. Geographically, net revenue fell across all regions. Contribution income decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year, primarily due to lower net revenue and gross margin attainment. Gross margin was negatively affected by increases in channel promotional activities deemed to be contra-revenue under authoritative guidance for revenue recognition and increases in provision for sales return and warranty expense disproportionate to net revenue in the prior year period. The increase in channel promotional expenditure is as a result of competitive shifts in the home wireless landscape with the development of the Wi-Fi mesh market. This required additional channel promotion expenditure to establish a significant market share position within the marketplace. SMB Net revenue Percentage of net revenue Contribution income Contribution margin 2018 vs 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2018 % Change 2017 % Change 2016 $ 287,756 6.2% $ 270,908 (8.6)% $ 296,516 (in thousands, except percentage data) 27.2% 70,142 24.4% 26.1% 9.8% 63,865 (12.0)% 23.6% 25.9% 72,539 24.5% SMB segment net revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year, primarily due to growth in switches, partially offset by the decrease in network storage. SMB experienced growth in net revenue across all regions. SMB net revenue was further benefited by lower provisions for sales returns deemed to be a reduction of net revenue. Contribution income increased for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year, primarily due to increasing net revenue and improved gross margin performance not being met with proportionate increases in operating expense compared to the prior period. 2017 vs 2016 SMB segment net revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year. SMB experienced a decline in net revenue across all regions and all product categories led by switches. Contribution income decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year, primarily due to lower net revenue and gross margin attainment. Increased sales returns and channel promotion activities deemed to be a reduction of net revenue were contributing factors in the decline of net revenue and gross margin attainment compared to the prior year period. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our principal sources of liquidity are cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and cash generated from operations. Our cash equivalents and short- term investments are comprised primarily of money-market funds, U.S. treasury securities, and certificates of deposits. As of December 31, 2018 , we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaling $274.4 million . Our cash and cash equivalents balance decreased from $202.7 million as of December 31, 2017 to $201.0 million as of December 31, 2018 . Our short-term investments, which represent the investment of funds available for current operations decreased from $126.9 million as of December 31, 2017 to $73.3 million as of December 31, 2018 . 54 Table of Contents As of December 31, 2018, approximately 44% of our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were outside of the U.S. The cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments balances outside of the U.S. are subject to fluctuation based on the settlement of intercompany balances. As we repatriate these funds in accordance with our designation of funds not permanently reinvested outside of the US, we will be required to pay income taxes in certain U.S. states and applicable foreign withholding taxes during the period when such repatriation occurs. We have recorded deferred taxes for the tax effect of repatriating the funds to the U.S. The following table presents our cash flows for the periods presented. Net cash provided by (used in): Continuing operating activities Continuing investing activities Continuing financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations Net cash increase (decrease) Continuing operating activities Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) $ $ (15,059) $ 100,347 $ 28,174 (25,670) 10,732 (15,547) (105,304) (17,094) (1,823) $ (37,598) $ 134,817 (39,211) (10,899) (26,184) 58,523 Net cash provided by continuing operating activities decreased by $115.4 million for fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017 , due primarily to unfavorable working capital movements, partially offset by higher net income. Our days sales outstanding ("DSO") increased to 97 days as of December 31, 2018 as compared to 85 days as of December 31, 2017 . The increase was attributable to the timing of shipments as well as extended payment term provided to some of our larger customers during the holiday period making up a higher net revenue proportion year over year. In addition, the adoption of ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" as of January 1, 2018 negatively impacted our DSO as of December 31, 2018 by approximately 2 days, mainly as a result of changes on the balance sheet presentation of certain reserve balances previously shown net within accounts receivable which are now presented as liabilities. Our accounts payable increased from $91.2 million as of December 31, 2017 to $139.7 million as of December 31, 2018 , primarily due to increased trade inventory purchases to mitigate the impact of Section 301 tariff’s originally scheduled to increase from 10% to 25% effective January 1, 2019 and since subsequently delayed until March 2019. Inventory increased from $162.9 million as of December 31, 2017 to $243.9 million as of December 31, 2018 as we sought to increase our inventory holding ahead of the originally proposed increase in Section 301 tariff’s from 10% to 25% scheduled for January 1, 2019 subsequently delayed until March 2019. Ending inventory turns of 3.3 turns in the three months ended December 31, 2018 down from 4.9 turns in the three months ended December 31, 2017 . Net cash provided by continuing operating activities decreased by $34.5 million for fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016, due primarily to an increase in net income, partially benefited from favorable working capital. Our days sales outstanding ("DSO") increased to 85 days as of December 31, 2017 as compared to 71 days as of December 31, 2016 . The increase was attributable to the timing of shipments and extended payment term programs provided to some of our larger customers during the holiday season making up a higher revenue proportion year over year. Our accounts payable slightly decreased from $91.3 million as of December 31, 2016 to $91.2 million as of December 31, 2017 , primarily as a result of timing of payments. Inventory decreased from $200.1 million as of December 31, 2016 to $162.9 million as of December 31, 2017 . Ending inventory turns of 4.9 turns in the three months ended December 31, 2017 up from 3.9 turns in the three months ended December 31, 2016 . Continuing investing activities Net cash provided by continuing investing activities was $28.2 million for fiscal 2018 as compared to $15.5 million of net cash used in continuing investing activities in fiscal 2017, primarily due to lower purchase of short-term investments along with higher proceeds from maturities of short-term investments, and a decrease in long-term investments, partially offset by payments made in connection with the business acquisition of Meural which occurred in 2018 and higher capital expenditures. 55 Table of Contents Net cash used in continuing investing activities decreased by $23.7 million for fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016, primarily due to lower purchase of short-term investments along with higher proceeds from maturities of short-term investments, partially offset by an increase in long-term investments. Continuing financing activities Net cash used in continuing financing activities decreased in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017, primarily due to decreased repurchases of common stock, coupled with lower proceeds from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options. Net cash used in financing activities increased in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016, primarily due to increased repurchases of common stock, coupled with greater proceeds from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options. In the third fiscal quarter of 2018, we contributed $70.0 million in cash to Arlo Technologies, Inc. in the period leading up to the IPO, a portion of which Arlo used prior to the IPO for operating expenses, working capital and other requirements. From time to time, our Board of Directors has authorized programs under which we may repurchase shares of our common stock. Under the authorizations, the timing and actual number of shares subject to repurchase are at the discretion of management and are contingent on a number of factors, such as levels of cash generation from operations, cash requirements for acquisitions and the price of our common stock. As of December 31, 2018 , 1.5 million shares remained authorized for repurchase under the repurchase program. During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , we repurchased, as reported based on trade date, approximately 0.5 million , 2.4 million , and 0.9 million shares of common stock at a cost of $30.0 million , $113.2 million , and $38.3 million , respectively. We also repurchased, as reported based on trade date, approximately 138,000 , 135,000 , and 105,000 shares of common stock at a cost of $8.1 million , $6.4 million , and $4.7 million , to help administratively facilitate the withholding and subsequent remittance of personal income and payroll taxes for individuals receiving RSUs. For a detailed discussion of our common stock repurchases, refer to Note 11, Stockholders’ Equity , in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We enter into foreign currency forward-exchange contracts, which typically mature within six months, to hedge a portion of our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations of foreign currency-denominated revenue, costs of revenue, certain operating expenses, receivables, payables, and cash balances. We record on the consolidated balance sheets at each reporting period the fair value of our forward-exchange contracts and record any fair value adjustments in our consolidated statements of operations and on our consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses associated with currency rate changes on hedge contracts that are non-designated under the authoritative guidance for derivatives and hedging are recorded within other income (expense), net, offsetting foreign exchange gains and losses on our monetary assets and liabilities. Gains and losses associated with currency rate changes on hedge contracts that are designated cash flow hedges under the authoritative guidance for derivatives and hedging are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income until the related revenue, costs of revenue, or expenses are recognized. Based on our current plans and market conditions, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, together with cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, we may require or desire additional funds to support our operating expenses and capital requirements or for other purposes, such as acquisitions, and may seek to raise such additional funds through public or private equity financing or from other sources. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available at all or that, if available, such financing would be obtainable on terms favorable to us and would not be dilutive. Our future liquidity and cash requirements will depend on numerous factors, including the introduction of new products and potential acquisitions of related businesses or technology. Backlog As of December 31, 2018 , we had a backlog of approximately $38.8 million, compared to approximately $37.3 million as of December 31, 2017 , primarily due to product demand required in the future. Our backlog consists of products for which customer purchase orders have been received and that are scheduled or in the process of being scheduled for shipment. As we typically fulfill orders received within a relatively short period (e.g., within a few weeks for our top three customers) after receipt, our revenue in any fiscal year depends primarily upon orders booked and the availability of supply of our products in that year. In addition, most of our backlog is subject to rescheduling or cancellation with minimal penalties. As a result, our backlog as of any particular date may not be an indicator of revenue for any succeeding period. Similarly, there is a lack of meaningful correlation between year-over-year changes in backlog as compared with year-over-year changes in revenue. Accordingly, we do not believe that backlog information is material to an understanding of our overall business, and backlog as of any particular date should not be considered a reliable indicator of our ability to achieve any particular level of revenue or financial performance. 56 Table of Contents Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our non-cancelable operating lease commitments, purchase obligations, other non-trade purchase commitments, and the Tax Act payables as of December 31, 2018 : Purchase obligations Operating leases Other non-trade purchase commitments Tax Act payables Payments due by period Total Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than 5 Years (In thousands) $ $ $ 156,170 $ 156,170 $ — $ — $ 48,730 $ 17,366 $ 6,549 $ 11,900 $ 17,771 $ 11,334 $ 1,575 $ 3,390 $ 3,738 $ — $ — $ — $ — 7,725 8,663 6,549 228,815 $ 169,645 $ 21,161 $ 15,072 $ 22,937 We have entered into various master purchase agreements for inventory with suppliers. Generally, under these agreements, 50% of orders are cancelable by giving notice 46 to 60 days prior to the expected shipment date and 25% of orders are cancelable by giving notice 31 to 45 days prior to the expected shipment date. Orders are non-cancelable within 30 days prior to the expected shipment date. For those orders not governed by master purchase agreements the commitments are governed by the commercial terms on our purchase orders subject to acknowledgment from our suppliers. As of December 31, 2018 , we had $156.2 million in non-cancelable purchase commitments with suppliers. We establish a loss liability for all products we do not expect to sell for which we have committed purchases from suppliers. Such losses have not been material to date. From time to time our suppliers procure unique complex components on our behalf. If these components do not meet specified technical criteria or are defective, we should not be obligated to purchase the materials. However, disputes may arise as a result and significant resources may be spent resolving such disputes. We lease office space, cars, data centers, and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through December 2026 . Rent expense in the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $9.4 million , $9.9 million and $9.5 million , respectively. The terms of some of the office leases provide for rental payments on a graduated scale. We recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period and have accrued for rent expense incurred but not paid. The amounts presented are consistent with contractual terms and are not expected to differ significantly, unless a substantial change in our headcount needs requires us to exit an office facility early or expand our occupied space. As of December 31, 2018 , we had long term, non-cancellable purchase commitments of $17.4 million pertaining to non-trade activities. As of December 31, 2018 , we had estimated long term liability of $6.5 million related to a one-time transaction tax that resulted from the passage of the Tax Act. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , we had $15.4 million and $15.9 million, respectively, of total gross unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties. The timing of any payments that could result from these unrecognized tax benefits will depend upon a number of factors. The unrecognized tax benefits have been excluded from the contractual obligations table because reasonable estimates cannot be made of whether, or when, any cash payments for such items might occur. The possible reduction in liabilities for uncertain tax positions in multiple jurisdictions that may impact the statements of operations in the next 12 months is approximately $1.1 million, excluding the interest, penalties and the effect of any related deferred tax assets or liabilities. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of December 31, 2018 , we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K. Recent Accounting Pronouncements For a complete description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on financial condition and results of operations, refer to Note 1, The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 57 Table of Contents Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Interest Rate Risk We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. We have an investment portfolio of fixed income securities that are classified as available-for-sale securities. These securities, like all fixed income instruments, are subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value if market interest rates increase. We attempt to limit this exposure by investing primarily in highly rated short-term securities. Our investment policy requires investments to be rated triple-A with the objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. Due to the short duration and conservative nature of our investment portfolio, a hypothetical movement of 10% in interest rates would not have a material impact on our operating results and the total value of the portfolio over the next fiscal year. We monitor our interest rate and credit risks, including our credit exposure to specific rating categories and to individual issuers. There were no impairment charges on our investments during fiscal 2018 . Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk We invoice some of our international customers in foreign currencies including, but not limited to, the Australian dollar, British pound, euro, Canadian dollar, and Japanese yen. As the customers that are currently invoiced in local currency become a larger percentage of our business, or to the extent we begin to bill additional customers in foreign currencies, the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could have a more significant impact on our results of operations. For those customers in our international markets that we continue to sell to in U.S. dollars, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products more expensive and therefore reduce the demand for our products. Such a decline in the demand for our products could reduce sales and negatively impact our operating results. Certain operating expenses of our foreign operations require payment in the local currencies. We are exposed to risks associated with foreign exchange rate fluctuations due to our international sales and operating activities. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve and could negatively impact our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, we enter into certain foreign currency forward contracts that have been designated as cash flow hedges under the authoritative guidance for derivatives and hedging to partially offset our business exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk on portions of our anticipated foreign currency net revenue, cost of revenue, and certain operating expenses. The objective of these foreign currency forward contracts is to reduce the impact of currency exchange rate movements on our operating results by offsetting gains and losses on the forward contracts with increases or decreases in foreign currency transactions. The contracts are marked-to-market on a monthly basis with gains and losses included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations or in accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets which are further reclassified from other comprehensive income to revenue, cost of revenue, or operating expenses when the underlying hedged items are recognized. We also use foreign currency forward contracts to partially offset our business exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. These non-designated hedges are carried at fair value with adjustments to fair value recorded to other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. We do not use foreign currency contracts for speculative or trading purposes. Hedging of our balance sheet and anticipated cash flow exposures may not always be effective to protect us against currency exchange rate fluctuations. In addition, we do not fully hedge our balance sheets and anticipated cash flow exposures, leaving us at risk to foreign exchange gains and losses on the un-hedged exposures. If there were an adverse movement in exchange rates, we might suffer significant losses. For additional disclosure on our foreign currency contracts, refer to Note 4, Derivative Financial Instruments, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of December 31, 2018 , we had net assets in various local currencies. A hypothetical 10% movement in foreign exchange rates would result in a before- tax positive or negative impact of $0.3 million net income, net of our hedged position at December 31, 2018 . Actual future gains and losses associated with our foreign currency exposures and positions may differ materially from the sensitivity analyses performed as of December 31, 2018 due to the inherent limitations associated with predicting the foreign currency exchange rates, and our actual exposures and positions. For the year ended December 31, 2018 , 23% of total net revenue was denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar. 58 Table of Contents Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of NETGEAR, Inc.: Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NETGEAR, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, statements of comprehensive income, statements of stockholders' equity and statements of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15 (a) (2) of NETGEAR, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 59 Table of Contents that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Jose, California February 22, 2019 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002. 60 NETGEAR, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share and per share data) ASSETS Table of Contents Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Short-term investments Accounts receivable, net Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Current assets of discontinued operations Total current assets Property and equipment, net Intangibles, net Goodwill Other non-current assets Non-current assets of discontinued operations Total assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued employee compensation Other accrued liabilities Deferred revenue Income taxes payable Current liabilities of discontinued operations Total current liabilities Non-current income taxes payable Other non-current liabilities Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock: $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding Common stock: $0.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: 31,562,358 and 31,319,578 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive loss Retained earnings (losses) Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ 201,047 $ 73,317 303,667 243,871 35,997 — 202,727 126,926 255,118 162,942 24,826 243,125 $ $ 857,899 1,015,664 20,177 17,146 80,721 67,433 — 17,349 20,640 64,314 49,471 41,126 1,043,376 $ 1,208,564 139,748 $ 31,666 199,472 11,086 2,020 — 383,992 19,600 12,232 — 415,824 — 32 793,585 (15) (166,050) 627,552 91,205 24,520 149,821 21,212 7,015 130,663 424,436 31,544 8,766 13,333 478,079 — 31 603,137 (851) 128,168 730,485 $ 1,043,376 $ 1,208,564 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 61 Table of Contents Net revenue Cost of revenue Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Separation Expense Restructuring and other charges Litigation reserves, net Total operating expenses Income from operations Interest income Other income (expense), net NETGEAR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share data) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 $ 1,058,816 $ 1,039,169 $ 1,143,445 717,118 341,698 82,416 152,569 64,857 929 2,198 15 302,984 38,714 3,980 510 43,204 25,878 17,326 (35,655) (18,329) $ (9,167) (9,162) $ 0.55 $ (0.84) (0.29) $ 0.52 $ (0.80) (0.28) $ 731,453 307,716 71,893 138,679 54,346 — 97 148 265,163 42,553 2,114 1,557 46,224 57,357 (11,133) 30,569 19,436 $ — 19,436 $ (0.35) $ 0.96 0.61 $ (0.35) $ 0.96 0.61 $ 769,543 373,902 70,904 139,591 53,996 — 3,841 73 268,405 105,497 1,164 (166) 106,495 36,183 70,312 5,539 75,851 — 75,851 2.15 0.17 2.32 2.08 0.17 2.25 31,626 33,137 32,097 32,097 32,758 33,728 Income from continuing operations before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income (loss) Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in discontinued operations Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) per share - basic: Income (loss) from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) per share - diluted: Income (loss) from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share: Basic Diluted $ $ $ $ $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 62 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (In thousands) Net income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax Tax benefit (provision) related to derivative instruments Tax benefit (provision) related to available-for-sale securities Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 $ (18,329) $ 19,436 $ 75,851 834 128 962 (76) (50) 836 (17,493) (9,165) (3,068) (115) (3,183) 352 42 (2,789) 16,647 — $ (8,328) $ 16,647 $ 2,187 33 2,220 (273) (12) 1,935 77,786 — 77,786 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 63 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (In thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2015 Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for- sale securities, net of tax Change in unrealized gains and losses on derivatives, net of tax Net income Stock-based compensation expense Repurchases of common stock Restricted stock unit withholdings Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans Income tax impact associated with stock option exercises Balance as of December 31, 2016 Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for- sale securities, net of tax Change in unrealized gains and losses on derivatives, net of tax Net income Stock-based compensation expense Repurchases of common stock Restricted stock unit withholdings Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09 Balance as of December 31, 2017 Adoption of ASU 2014-09 (ASC 606 Rev Rec), ASU 2016-16, and ASU 2018-02, net of tax Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for- sale securities, net of tax Change in unrealized gains and losses on derivatives, net of tax Net loss attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest Stock-based compensation expense Stock-based compensation expense for Arlo's shares Sale of Arlo's common stock Repurchases of common stock Restricted stock unit withholdings Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans Distribution of Arlo December 31, 2018 Common Stock Shares Amount Additional Paid- In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings (Losses) Non-controlling Interest Total 32,601 $ 33 $ 513,047 $ 3 $ 195,627 $ — $ 708,710 — — — — (894) (105) 1,356 — 32,958 $ — — — — (2,378) (135) 875 — — — — (1) — 1 — — — 19,180 — — 31,626 — 33 $ 2,454 566,307 $ — — — (2) — — — — — 22,147 — — 14,356 21 1,914 — — — — — — 1,938 $ (73) (2,716) — — — — — — — 75,851 — (38,251) (4,686) — — — — — — — — 21 1,914 75,851 19,180 (38,252) (4,686) 31,627 — 228,541 $ — — $ 2,454 796,819 — — 19,436 — (113,159) (6,415) — — — — — — — — (73) (2,716) 19,436 22,147 (113,161) (6,415) 14,356 — 31,320 $ — 31 $ 327 603,137 $ — (851) $ (235) 128,168 $ — — $ 92 730,485 — — — — — — — — (473) (138) 853 — 31,562 $ — — — — — — — — — — 1 — 32 $ — — — — — 31,966 — 146,088 — — 12,394 — 793,585 $ — 8,593 — — (9,162) — — — — (30,000) (8,065) 78 758 — — — — — — — — — (15) $ — — — — (9,167) — 942 24,158 — — 8,593 78 758 (9,162) (9,167) 31,966 942 170,246 (30,000) (8,065) — (255,584) (166,050) $ — (15,933) 12,395 (271,517) — $ 627,552 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 64 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss) Net (income) loss from discontinued operations Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Purchase premium amortization/discount accretion on investments, net Stock-based compensation Income tax impact associated with stock option exercises Gains /charges related to long-term investments Deferred income taxes Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions: Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable Accrued employee compensation Other accrued liabilities Deferred revenue Income taxes payable Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operating activities Net cash used in discontinued operating activities Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of short-term investments Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments Purchases of property and equipment Purchases of long-term investments Proceeds from sale of long-term investments Payments made in connection with business acquisitions, net of cash acquired Net cash provided by (used in) continuing investing activities Net cash used in discontinued investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Repurchases of common stock Restricted stock unit withholdings Proceeds from exercise of stock options Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan Net cash used in continuing financing activities Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, at end of year Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid for income taxes Non-cash investing and financing activities: Additions to property and equipment included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities $ (18,329) $ 35,655 18,851 (745) 26,461 — 861 2,459 (43,055) (82,160) (12,114) 45,503 7,145 15,589 5,759 (16,939) (15,059) (88,152) (103,211) (81,814) 137,058 (12,251) (1,091) 624 (14,352) 28,174 (71,363) (43,189) (30,000) (8,065) 6,841 5,554 (25,670) 170,247 144,577 (1,823) 202,870 201,047 $ 19,436 $ (30,569) 22,529 46 18,969 — — 21,119 (23,121) 37,202 4,604 (432) (5,278) 15,109 2,440 18,293 100,347 (12,823) 87,524 (136,556) 135,549 (10,140) (4,400) — — (15,547) (4,271) (19,818) (113,161) (6,415) 9,508 4,764 (105,304) — (105,304) (37,598) 240,468 202,870 $ 75,851 (5,539) 29,932 167 17,141 2,160 — 869 23,132 (12,648) 8,691 9,816 3,701 (17,766) (4,560) 3,870 134,817 (16,636) 118,181 (144,271) 115,291 (10,231) — — — (39,211) (9,548) (48,759) (38,252) (4,686) 28,147 3,892 (10,899) — (10,899) 58,523 181,945 240,468 $ $ $ 23,220 $ 32,090 $ 35,149 2,604 $ $ 638 $ — $ 744 — Estimated fair value of contingent consideration in connection with business acquisition in other accrued liabilities 5,953 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. $ 65 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 1. The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company NETGEAR, Inc. (“NETGEAR” or the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware in January 1996. The Company is a global company that delivers innovative networking and Internet connected products to consumers and businesses. The Company's products are built on a variety of proven technologies such as wireless (Wi-Fi and 4G/5G mobile), Ethernet and powerline, with a focus on reliability and ease-of-use. The product line consists of devices that create and extend wired and wireless networks as well as devices that provide a special function and attach to the network, such as smart digital canvasses and services. These products are available in multiple configurations to address the changing needs of our customers in each geographic region in which the Company's products are sold. On February 6, 2018, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had unanimously approved the pursuit of a separation of its smart camera business “Arlo” from NETGEAR (the “Separation”) to be effected by way of initial public offering (“IPO”) and spin-off. On August 2, 2018, Arlo and NETGEAR announced the pricing of Arlo's IPO and subsequently listed on the New York Stock Exchange on August 3, 2018 under the symbol "ARLO". Upon completion of the IPO on August 7, 2018, the Company held 62,500,000 shares of Arlo common stock, representing approximately 84.2% of the outstanding shares. On December 31, 2018, the Company completed the distribution of these 62,500,000 shares to its stockholders (the “Distribution”) and no longer owns any shares of Arlo common stock. Upon completion of the Distribution, the Company ceased to own a controlling financial interest in Arlo and Arlo’s historical financial results for periods presented are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations. For further details, refer to Note 3, Discontinued Operations, As of December 31, 2018 upon completion of the Distribution, the Company operates and reports in two segments: Connected Home, and Small and Medium Business ("SMB"). The Company believes that this structure reflects its current operational and financial management, and provides the best structure for the Company to focus on growth opportunities while maintaining financial discipline. Each segment contains leadership focused on the product development efforts, both from a product marketing and engineering standpoint, to service the unique needs of their customers. Connected Home segment focuses on consumers and consists of high-performance, dependable and easy-to-use 4G/5G mobile, Wi-Fi internet networking solutions and smart devices such as Orbi Voice smart speakers and Meural digital canvas; and SMB segment focuses on small and medium-sized businesses and consists of business networking, storage, wireless LAN and security solutions that bring enterprise-class functionality to small and medium-sized businesses at an affordable price. The Company sells networking products through multiple sales channels worldwide, including traditional retailers, online retailers, wholesale distributors, direct market resellers (“DMRs”), value-added resellers (“VARs”), and broadband service providers. Basis of presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation of these subsidiaries. Fiscal periods The Company's fiscal year begins on January 1 of the year stated and ends on December 31 of the same year. The Company reports its results on a fiscal quarter basis rather than on a calendar quarter basis. Under the fiscal quarter basis, each of the first three fiscal quarters ends on the Sunday closest to the calendar quarter end, with the fourth quarter ending on December 31. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 66 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Significant Accounting Policies Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity or a remaining maturity at the time of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company deposits cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions. Investments Short-term investments are partially comprised of marketable debt securities that consist of government debts with an original maturity or a remaining maturity at the time of purchase, of greater than three months and no more than 12 months. The marketable debt securities are held in the Company's name with one high quality financial institution, which acts as the Company's custodian and investment manager. These marketable debt securities are classified as available- for-sale securities in accordance with the provisions of the authoritative guidance for investments and are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Short-term investments are also comprised of marketable securities related to deferred compensation under the Company’s Deferred Compensation Plan. Mutual funds are the only investments allowed in the Company's Deferred Compensation Plan and the investments are held in a grantor trust formed by the Company. The Company has classified these investments as trading securities as the grantor trust actively manages the asset allocation to match the participants’ notional fund allocations. These securities are recorded at fair market value with unrealized gains and losses included in other income (expense), net. Long-term investments are comprised of equity investments without readily determinable fair values and are included in Other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not have a controlling interest or the ability to exercise significant influence over these investees and these investments do not have readily determinable fair values. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are accounted for at cost, less impairment and adjusted for subsequent observable price changes obtained from orderly transactions for identical or similar investments issued by the same investee. Such changes in the basis of the equity investment are recognized in Other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Certain risks and uncertainties The Company's products are concentrated in the networking and smart connected industries, which are characterized by rapid technological advances, changes in customer requirements and evolving regulatory requirements and industry standards. The success of the Company depends on management's ability to anticipate and/or to respond quickly and adequately to such changes. Any significant delays in the development or introduction of products could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and operating results. The Company relies on a limited number of third parties to manufacture all of its products. If any of the Company's third-party manufacturers cannot or will not manufacture its products in required volumes, on a cost-effective basis, in a timely manner, or at all, the Company will have to secure additional manufacturing capacity. Any interruption or delay in manufacturing could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and operating results. Derivative financial instruments The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to manage the exposures to foreign exchange risk related to expected future cash flows on certain forecasted revenue, costs of revenue, operating expenses, and on certain existing assets and liabilities. Foreign currency forward contracts generally mature within six months of inception. Under its foreign currency risk management strategy, the Company utilizes derivative instruments to reduce the impact of currency exchange rate movements on the Company's operating results by offsetting gains and losses on the forward contracts with increases or decreases in foreign currency transactions. The company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and records them at fair value. Derivatives that are not defined as hedges in the authoritative guidance for derivatives and hedging must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. For derivative instruments that hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that are designated as 67 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders' equity and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recognized in current earnings. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the time value are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and are recognized in earnings. Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company believes that there is minimal credit risk associated with the investment of its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, due to the restrictions placed on the type of investment that can be entered into under the Company's investment policy. The Company's short-term investments consist of investment-grade securities, and the Company's cash and investments are held and managed by recognized financial institutions. The Company's customers are primarily distributors as well as retailers and broadband service providers who sell or distribute the products to a large group of end-users. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of the Company's customers to make required payments. The Company regularly performs credit evaluations of the Company's customers' financial condition and considers factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, geographic or country-specific risks and current economic conditions that may affect customers' ability to pay. The Company does not require collateral from its customers. The Company secures credit insurance for certain customers in international and domestic markets. As of December 31, 2018 , Best Buy, Inc. and affiliates, and Amazon and affiliates accounted for approximately 31% and 13% of the Company's total accounts receivable, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 , Best Buy, Inc. and affiliates, Amazon and affiliates, and Walmart and affiliates accounted for 28% , 12% and 12% of the Company's total accounts receivable, respectively. No other customers accounted for 10% or greater of the Company's total accounts receivable. The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to the foreign currency forward contracts used to mitigate the effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes. The Company believes the counterparties for its outstanding contracts are large, financially sound institutions and thus, the Company does not anticipate nonperformance by these counterparties. In the event of turbulence or the onset of a financial crisis in financial markets, the failure of additional counterparties cannot be ruled out. Fair value measurements The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, including cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. Foreign currency forward contracts are recorded at fair value based on observable market data. Refer to Note 14, Fair Value Measurements, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosures regarding fair value measurements in accordance with the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures. Allowance for doubtful accounts The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company regularly performs credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and considers factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and geographic or country-specific risks and economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed quarterly and adjusted if necessary based on the Company's assessments of its customers' ability to pay. If the financial condition of the Company's customers should deteriorate or if actual defaults are higher than the Company's historical experience, additional allowances may be required, which could have an adverse impact on operating expenses. Inventories Inventories consist primarily of finished goods which are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out method. The Company writes down its inventories based on estimated excess and obsolete inventories determined primarily by the demand forecast but takes into account market conditions, product development plans, 68 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) product life expectancy and other factors. At the point of loss recognition, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase of the newly established cost basis. Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: Computer equipment Furniture and fixtures Software Machinery and equipment Leasehold improvements 2 years 5 years 2-5 years 2-3 years Shorter of the lease term or 5 years Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. The carrying value of the asset is reviewed on a regular basis for the existence of facts, both internal and external, that may suggest impairment. Goodwill Goodwill represents the purchase price over estimated fair value of net assets of businesses acquired in a business combination. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually on the first day of the fourth quarter. Should certain events or indicators of impairment occur between annual impairment tests, the Company performs the impairment test as those events or indicators occur. Examples of such events or circumstances include the following: a significant decline in the Company’s expected future cash flows; a sustained, significant decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization; a significant adverse change in the business climate; and slower growth rates. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The qualitative assessment considers the following factors: macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall company financial performance, events affecting the reporting units, and changes in the Company's share price. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, the Company estimates its fair value and compares the fair value with the carrying value of its reporting unit, including goodwill. If the fair value is greater than the carrying value of its reporting unit, no impairment is recorded. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount that the carrying amount of a reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The impairment charge would be recorded to earnings in the consolidated statements of operations. Intangibles, net Purchased intangibles with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, which range from three to ten years. Finite-lived intangibles are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”) and applied this guidance to those contracts which were not completed at the date of adoption using the modified retrospective method. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods (ASC 605). Upon adoption, the majority of sales revenue continues to be recognized when control of the product transfers to a customer upon shipment or delivery. The primary change from ASC 605 to ASC 606 relates to the establishment of liability estimates for 69 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) channel rebates and discounts upon revenue recognition on the basis of customary business practice. Under ASC 605, the Company recorded estimated reductions to revenues for sales incentives at the later of when the related revenue was recognized or when the program was offered to the customer or end consumer. Under ASC 606, the Company is required to estimate for rebates and discounts ahead of commitment date if customary business practice creates an implied expectation that such activities will occur in the future. Further, under ASC 606, deferred revenue balances are to be booked at an amount that reflects only the amounts expected to be received for future obligations. As such, an adjustment was made to allocate variable consideration to deferred revenue. Additionally, the balance sheet presentation of certain reserve balances previously shown net within accounts receivable are now presented as refund liabilities within current liabilities. Deferrals for undelivered shipments with destination shipping terms are now removed from receivables and deferred revenue. Under 606, revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration, the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The majority of revenue comes from product sales, consisting of sales of Connected Home and SMB hardware products to customers (retailers, distributors and service providers). Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the goods are transferred to the customer, generally occurring upon shipment or delivery dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. The amount recognized reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the transferred goods. Revenue for subscription sales is generally recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customers at the time of registration. The subscription contracts are generally for 30 days or 12 months in length, billed in advance. Additionally, the Company sells technical support services and extended warranty which consist of telephone and internet access to technical support personnel, hardware replacement and updates to software features. All such service or support sales are typically recognized using an output measure of progress by looking at the time elapsed as the contracts generally provide the customer equal benefit throughout the contract period because the Company transfers control evenly by providing a stand-ready service. The Company also sells services bundled with hardware products and accounts for these sales in line with the multiple performance obligations guidance. We combine contracts with a customer if contracts are negotiated with a single commercial substance or contain price dependencies. Revenue from all sales types is recognized at transaction price, the amount which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Transaction price is calculated as selling price net of variable consideration which may include estimates for future returns, sales incentives and price protection related to current period product revenue. The Company’s standard obligation to its direct customers generally provides for a full refund in the event that such product is not merchantable or is found to be damaged or defective. In determining estimates for future returns, the Company estimates variable consideration at the expected value amounts which is based on management's analysis of historical data, channel inventory levels, current economic trends and changes in customer demand for the Company's products. Sales incentives and price protection are determined based on a combination of the actual amounts committed and through estimating future expenditure based upon historical customary business practice. Typically variable consideration does not need to be constrained as estimates are based on predictive historical data or future commitments that are planned and controlled by the Company. However, the Company continues to assess variable consideration estimates such that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations Some of the Company's contracts with customers contain multiple promised goods or services. Such contracts include hardware products with bundled services, networking hardware with embedded software, various software subscription services, and support. For these contracts, the Company accounts for the promises separately as individual performance obligations if they are distinct. Performance obligations are determined to be considered distinct if they are both capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. In determining whether performance obligations meet the criteria for being distinct, the Company considers a number of factors, such as the degree of interrelation and interdependence between obligations, and whether or not the good or service significantly modifies or transforms another good or service in the contract. The embedded software on most of the hardware products is not considered distinct and therefore the combined hardware and incidental software are treated as one performance obligation and recognized at the point in time when control of product transfers to the customer. Service that is included with certain hardware products, mainly Arlo systems, is considered distinct and therefore the hardware and service are treated as separate performance obligations. After identifying the separate performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are generally determined based on the prices 70 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) charged to customers or using an adjusted market assessment. For Arlo systems, standalone selling price of the hardware is directly observable from add-on camera and base station sales. Standalone selling price of the service is estimated using an adjusted market approach. Revenue is then recognized for each distinct performance obligation as control is transferred to the customer. In general, the hardware is recognized at time of shipping or delivery, while services and support are delivered over the stated service or support period or the estimated useful life. For Arlo systems, the hardware is recognized at the time control of the product transfers to the customer and the transaction price allocated to service is recognized over the estimated useful life of the system, beginning when the customer is expected to activate their account. Useful life of the systems is determined by industry norms, frequency of new model releases, and user history. Warranties Hardware products regularly include warranties to the end customers that consist of bug fixes, minor updates such that the product continues to function according to published specs in a dynamic environment, and phone support. These standard warranties are assurance type warranties and do not offer any services beyond the assurance that the product will continue working as specified. Therefore, warranties are not considered separate performance obligations in the arrangement. Instead, the expected cost of warranty is accrued as expense in accordance with authoritative guidance. Extended warranties are sold separately and include additional support services. The transaction price for extended warranties is accounted for as service revenue and recognized over the life of the contract. Shipping and Handling Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are included in Net revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with inbound freight are included in Cost of revenue. In cases where the Company gives a freight allowance to the customer for their own inbound freight costs, such costs are appropriately recorded as a reduction in net revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight are included in Sales and marketing expenses. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight totaled $9.5 million , $8.6 million and $9.0 million in the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 respectively. Research and development Costs incurred in the research and development of new products are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Total advertising and promotional expenses were $24.7 million , $23.2 million , and $18.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 respectively. Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences resulting from different treatment for tax versus accounting for certain items, such as accruals and allowances not currently deductible for tax purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within the consolidated balance sheets. The Company must then assess the likelihood that the Company's deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent the Company believes that recovery is not more likely than not, the Company must establish a valuation allowance. The Company’s assessment considers the recognition of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis. Accordingly, in assessing its future taxable income on a jurisdictional basis, the Company considers the effect of its transfer pricing policies on that income. The Tax Act introduced a new tax on global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) effective as of January 1, 2018. The Company’s policy is to treat GILTI as a period cost if and when incurred. In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in assessing the Company's income tax positions. The Company assesses its tax positions and records benefits for all years subject to examination based on management's evaluation of the facts, 71 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company records the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recorded in the financial statements. Where applicable, associated interest and penalties have also been recognized as a component of income tax expense. Net income per share Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive common stock outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted stock awards, and issuances of shares under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which are reflected in diluted net income per share by application of the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share when their effect is anti-dilutive. Stock-based compensation The Company measures stock-based compensation at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of stock options and the shares offered under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Estimated compensation cost relating to restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is based on the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The compensation expense for equity awards is recognized over the vesting period of the award under a graded vesting method. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies arising from stock awards vesting or settlement are recorded as income tax expense or benefit rather than in equity. Refer to Note 12, Employee Benefit Plans, for a further discussion on stock-based compensation. Comprehensive income Comprehensive income consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting stockholder's equity that the Company excluded from net income, including gains and losses related to fair value of short-term investments and the effective portion of cash flow hedges that were outstanding as of the end of the year. Foreign currency translation and re-measurement The Company's functional currency is the U.S. dollar for all of its international subsidiaries. Foreign currency transactions of international subsidiaries are re- measured into U.S. dollars at the end-of-period exchange rates for monetary assets and liabilities, and at historical exchange rates for non-monetary assets. Revenue is re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each period. Expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each period, except for expenses related to non-monetary assets, which are re-measured at historical exchange rates. Gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions are included in Other income (expense), net. Recent accounting pronouncements Accounting Pronouncement Recently Adopted ASU 2014-09 In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). The revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 605, Revenue Recognition ("ASC 605") is superseded by Topic 606 ("ASC 606"). ASC 606 requires the recognition of revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 and applied this guidance to the contracts which were not completed at the date of adoption using the modified retrospective method. Refer to Note 2. Revenue Recognition , for further details. 72 Table of Contents ASU 2016-01 NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" (Subtopic 825-10), which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. This guidance requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This guidance simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. This guidance also clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact to the Company. The Company believes the most significant impact will be that the adoption of the new guidance could increase the volatility of its Other income (expense), net, as a result of the re-measurement of its equity investments without readily determinable fair values upon the occurrence of observable price changes and impairments. ASU 2016-15 In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" (Topic 230), which clarifies the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows, including settlement of contingent consideration arising from a business combination, insurance settlement proceeds, and distributions from certain equity method investees. The adoption of the guidance is required to be applied retrospectively and is effective for the Company in the first fiscal quarter of 2018. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2018 and applied to the business combination transactions occurring on or after the adoption date. The adoption did not have material impacts on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. ASU 2016-16 In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, "Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory" (Topic 740), which requires the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. This removes the exception to postpone recognition until the asset has been sold to an outside party. ASU 2016-16 is effective for the Company in the first fiscal quarter of 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company has recorded a deferred tax asset of $18.4 million resulting from differences in the tax basis of assets and the consolidated book basis of assets resulting from intra-entity transfers of intangible assets. The recognition of the deferred tax asset resulted in an increase to retained earnings upon adoption. Further, the adoption of the standard increased tax expense by an approximate $1.1 million in 2018, but fluctuate over time due to different lives of the intangibles. There is no material impact on the Company's cash flows. ASU 2017-01 In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business" (Topic 805), which changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The guidance requires an entity to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2018 and applied it prospectively to the transactions occurring on or after the adoption date. The adoption did not have material impacts on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. ASU 2017-09 In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting" (Topic 718), which amends the considerations for determining what events require modification accounting. This new guidance requires an entity to consider the fair value of an award before and after modification, the vesting conditions of the modified award and the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument. ASU 2017-09 is effective for the Company in the first fiscal quarter of 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2018, and applied it prospectively to the awards modified on or after the adoption date. The adoption did not have material impacts on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 73 Table of Contents ASU 2017-12 NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" (Topic 815), which expands and refines hedge accounting for both non-financial and financial risk components and aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. The guidance also makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance, ease the administrative burden of hedge documentation requirements and assessing hedge effectiveness and ease the reporting on hedge ineffectiveness. ASU 2017-12 is effective for the Company in the first fiscal quarter of 2019 and early adoption is permitted. Entities should apply the guidance to existing cash flow and net investment hedge relationships using a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to opening retained earnings on the date of adoption. The guidance also provides transition relief to make it easier for entities to apply certain amendments to existing hedges where the hedge documentation needs to be modified. The Company early adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2018. The adoption did not impact opening retained earnings or have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Additionally, upon adoption, the Company simplified its hedge accounting application by electing to include time value on currency cash flow hedge relationships prospectively. ASU 2018-02 In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income", which permits companies to reclassify tax effects stranded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income as a result of tax reform to retained earnings. ASU 2018-02 is effective for the Company in the first fiscal quarter of 2019 and early adoption is permitted. Entities have the option to reclassify these amounts rather than require reclassification and also have the option to apply the guidance retrospectively or at the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company early adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company has recognized immaterial adjustments to retained earnings at the beginning of the period of adoption. ASU 2018-15 In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Topic 350): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract”, which align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). ASU 2018-15 is effective for the Company beginning in the first fiscal quarter of 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2018. The adoption did not have material impacts on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective ASU 2016-02 In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheets a right-of-use asset, representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a corresponding lease liability for all leases with terms greater than twelve months. The liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments while the right-of-use asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs. In addition, ASU 2016-02 expands the disclosure requirements for lessees. Upon adoption, the Company will be required to record a lease asset and lease liability related to its operating leases. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides an alternative modified transition method. Under this method, the cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings is recognized on the date of adoption with comparative prior periods not restated. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company in the first fiscal quarter of 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of adopting the new standard effective January 1, 2019 and will elect to utilize the FASB approved option for transition relief with adoption occurring through a cumulative-effect adjustment as of January 1, 2019. Accordingly, the Company will not restate or provide disclosures under the new standard for comparative periods before January 1, 2019. The Company will also elect certain other practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance and has substantially completed its evaluation of the effect that the adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements. In connection with the adoption of the new guidance, the Company expects to recognize right-of-use (ROU) assets in the range of $35 million to $40 74 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) million , and lease liabilities in the range of $40 million to $45 million on its statement of financial position for operating leases, with limited impact to its results of operations and cash flows. The Company believes that substantially all of its undiscounted future minimum operating lease commitments based on its lease portfolio that was not recognized on its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 and as disclosed in Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements, will be subject to the new standard. The Company expects to finalize the adoption, including implementation of the lease software, controls, processes and procedures, and prepare the necessary disclosures required under the new standard during the first fiscal quarter of 2019. ASU 2016-13 In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" (Topic 326), which replaces the incurred-loss impairment methodology and requires immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur for most financial assets, including trade receivables. Credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses will be recognized as allowances for credit losses limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning in the first fiscal quarter of 2020 and early adoption is permitted. T he Company continues to assess the potential impact of the new guidance on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, including accounting policies, processes, and systems. With the exception of the new standards discussed above, there have been no other new accounting pronouncements that have significance, or potential significance, to the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Note 2. Revenue Recognition Adoption of ASC 606 On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 and applied this guidance to those contracts which were not completed at the date of adoption using the modified retrospective method. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying ASC 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods (ASC 605). The adoption did not have a significant impact to the nature and timing of the Company's revenues, results of operations, cash flows and statement of financial position. The majority of sales revenue continues to be recognized when control of the product transfers to a customer upon shipment or delivery. The primary impact of adopting ASC 606 relates to the establishment of liability estimates for channel rebates and discounts upon revenue recognition on the basis of customary business practice. Under ASC 606, the Company is required to estimate for rebates and discounts ahead of commitment date if customary business practice creates an implied expectation that such activities will occur in the future. The Company utilizes channel rebates and discounts to stimulate end user demand. Consequently, this change in guidance results in an adjustment to the statement of financial position to accelerate the recording of a liability for yet to be committed channel marketing rebates and discounts upon adoption. Further, under ASC 606, deferred revenue balances are to be booked at an amount that reflects only the amounts expected to be received for future obligations. As such, an adjustment was made to allocate variable consideration to deferred revenue. Additionally, the balance sheet presentation of certain reserve balances previously shown net within accounts receivable are now presented as refund liabilities within current liabilities. Deferrals for undelivered shipments with destination shipping terms are now removed from receivables and deferred revenue. 75 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The following table summarizes the impacts of adopting ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 as an adjustment to the opening balances: Assets: Accounts receivable, net Inventories Current assets of discontinued operations Total current assets Other non-current assets Non-current assets of discontinued operations Total assets Liabilities: Accounts payable Other accrued liabilities Deferred revenue Income taxes payable Current liabilities of discontinued operations Total current liabilities Other non-current liabilities Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations Total liabilities Stockholders’ equity: Retained earnings As of December 31, 2017 Adjustments (In thousands) As of January 1, 2018 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 255,118 $ 162,942 $ 243,125 $ 1,015,664 $ 49,471 $ 41,126 $ 1,208,564 $ 91,205 $ 149,821 $ 21,212 $ 7,015 $ 130,663 $ 424,436 $ 8,766 $ 13,333 $ 478,079 $ 5,286 $ (1,991) $ 450 $ 3,745 $ 2,904 $ 1,440 $ 8,089 $ (108) $ 32,110 $ (15,855) $ 55 $ 4,666 $ 20,868 $ (35) $ (241) $ 20,592 $ 260,404 160,951 243,575 1,019,409 52,375 42,566 1,216,653 91,097 181,931 5,357 7,070 135,329 445,304 8,731 13,092 498,671 128,168 $ (12,503) $ 115,665 The following table summarizes the impacts of adopting ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 : Assets Accounts receivable, net Inventories Other non-current assets Liabilities: Accounts payable Other accrued liabilities Deferred revenue Income taxes payable Other non-current liabilities Stockholders’ equity: Retained losses As of December 31, 2018 As reported Adjustments Balance without adoption of ASC 606 (In thousands) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 303,667 $ 243,871 $ 67,433 $ 139,748 $ 199,472 $ 11,086 $ 2,020 $ 12,232 $ (5,776) $ 2,419 $ (2,811) $ 67 $ (32,803) $ 13,795 $ 4 $ 36 $ 297,891 246,290 64,622 139,815 166,669 24,881 2,024 12,268 (166,050) $ 12,733 $ (153,317) 76 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The following tables summarize the impacts of adopting ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 : Net revenue Cost of revenue Gross profit Provision for income taxes Net income from continuing operations Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax Net loss Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in discontinued operations Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations Year Ended December 31, 2018 As reported Adjustments Balance without adoption of ASC 606 (In thousands) 1,058,816 $ 2,247 $ 1,061,063 717,118 $ 341,698 $ 25,878 $ 17,326 $ (35,655) $ (18,329) $ (9,167) (252) $ 2,499 $ (2,536) $ 5,035 $ 5,721 $ 10,756 $ 598 (9,162) $ 10,158 $ 716,866 344,197 23,342 22,361 (29,934) (7,573) (8,569) 996 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period. Unsatisfied and partially unsatisfied performance obligations consist of contract liabilities, in-transit orders with destination terms, and non-cancellable backlog. Non-cancellable backlog includes goods and services for which customer purchase orders have been accepted and that are scheduled or in the process of being scheduled for shipment. The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of December 31, 2018 : Performance obligations Contract Costs 1 year 2 years Greater than 2 years Total $ 53,945 $ (In thousands) 923 $ 904 $ 55,772 Costs to fulfill a contract are capitalized when they relate directly to an existing contract or specific anticipated contract, generate or enhance resources that will be used to fulfill performance obligations and are recoverable. These costs include direct cost incurred at inception of a contract which enables the fulfillment of the performance obligation and totaled $7.4 million as of December 31, 2018 . There was no impairment of capitalized contract costs in the fiscal year of 2018 . Applying the practical expedient, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in Sales and marketing and General and administrative expenses. If the incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist of sales commissions, relate to a service recognized over a period longer than one year, costs are deferred and amortized in line with the related services over the period of benefit. Deferred commissions are classified as non-current based on the original amortization period of over one year. As of December 31, 2018 deferred commissions were not significant. 77 Table of Contents Contract Balances NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The Company records accounts receivable when it has an unconditional right to consideration. Contract liabilities are recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and deferred revenue, where the Company has unsatisfied performance obligations. Contract liabilities are mainly classified as Deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. Payment terms vary by customer. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products or services and customer types, payment is required before the products or services are delivered to the customer. The following table reflects the changes in contract balances for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 : Accounts receivable, net Contract liabilities - current Balance Sheet Location Accounts receivable, net Deferred revenue Contract liabilities - non-current Other non-current liabilities * Includes the adjustments made upon ASC 606 adoption using the modified retrospective method. December 31, 2018 January 1, 2018 (*) $ change % change (In thousands) $ $ $ 303,667 $ 260,404 $ 11,086 779 $ 5,357 $ 728 $ 43,263 5,729 51 16.6% 106.9% 7.0% During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , contract liabilities increased primarily due to consideration being received in advance of performance. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , $14.8 million of revenue was deferred due to unsatisfied performance obligations. During the fiscal year 2018 , $9.0 million of revenue was recognized for the satisfaction of performance obligations over time. $4.4 million of this recognized revenue was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period. There were no significant changes in estimates during the period that would affect the contract balances. 78 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Disaggregation of Revenue In the following tables, net revenue is disaggregated by geographic region and sales channel. The Company conducts business across three geographic regions: Americas; Europe, Middle-East and Africa (“EMEA”); and Asia Pacific ("APAC"). The tables also include reconciliations of the disaggregated revenue by reportable segment. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from net revenue. Connected Home 2018 SMB Year Ended December 31, 2017 (*) 2016 (*) Total Connected Home SMB Total Connected Home SMB Total Geographic regions: Americas EMEA APAC $ 576,476 $ 124,217 $ 700,693 $ 547,314 $ 117,775 $ 665,089 $ 595,606 $ 139,374 $ 734,980 97,979 96,605 109,620 53,919 207,599 150,524 93,438 103,636 127,509 49,497 197,074 177,006 110,941 106,613 140,382 50,529 217,554 190,911 Total net revenue $ 771,060 $ 287,756 $ 1,058,816 $ 768,261 $ 270,908 $ 1,039,169 $ 846,929 $ 296,516 $ 1,143,445 Sales channels: Service provider $ 156,671 $ 3,624 $ 160,295 $ 190,186 $ 3,268 $ 193,454 $ 249,980 $ 4,175 $ 254,155 Non-service provider 614,389 284,132 898,521 578,075 267,640 845,715 596,949 292,341 889,290 Total net revenue $ 771,060 $ 287,756 $ 1,058,816 $ 768,261 $ 270,908 $ 1,039,169 $ 846,929 $ 296,516 $ 1,143,445 _________________________ * Prior period amounts have not been adjusted to conform with ASC 606 as the Company adopted ASC 606 under the modified retrospective method. Note 3. Discontinued Operations On February 6, 2018, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had unanimously approved the pursuit of a separation of its smart camera business “Arlo” from NETGEAR (the “Separation”) to be effected by way of initial public offering (“IPO”) and spin-off. On August 2, 2018, Arlo Technologies, Inc. (“Arlo”) and NETGEAR announced the pricing of Arlo's initial public offering (“IPO”) at a price to the public of $16.00 per share, subsequently listing on the New York Stock Exchange on August 3, 2018 under the symbol "ARLO". On August 7, Arlo completed the IPO and generated proceeds of approximately $170.2 million , net of offering costs, which Arlo used for its general corporate purposes. Upon completion of the IPO, Arlo common stock outstanding amounted to 74,247,000 shares, of which NETGEAR held 62,500,000 shares, representing approximately 84.2% of the outstanding shares of Arlo common stock. On December 31, 2018, NETGEAR completed the distribution of these 62,500,000 shares of common stock of Arlo (the “Distribution”). After the completion of the Distribution, NETGEAR no longer owns any shares of Arlo common stock. The Distribution took place by way of a pro rata common stock dividend to each NETGEAR stockholder of record on the record date of the Distribution, December 17, 2018, and NETGEAR stockholders received 1.980295 shares of Arlo common stock for every share of NETGEAR common stock held as of the record date. Upon completion of the Distribution, the Company ceased to own a controlling financial interest in Arlo and Arlo's assets, liabilities, operating results and cash flows for all periods presented have been classified as discontinued operations within the Consolidated Financial Statements. In connection with Arlo's Separation, the Company incurred Separation expense of $33.9 million since commencing in December 2017. Separation expense primarily consists of third-party advisory, consulting, legal and professional services, IT costs and employee bonuses directly related to the separation, as well as other items that are incremental and one-time in nature that are related to the separation. The majority of these costs are reflected in the Company's consolidated statement of operations as discontinued operations for all periods presented. In addition, in the third fiscal quarter of 2018, the Company contributed 79 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) $70.0 million in cash to Arlo and provided for, among other things, the transfer from NETGEAR to Arlo of assets and the assumption by Arlo of liabilities comprising its business effected through a master separation agreement between NETGEAR and Arlo. The master separation agreement governs the separation of Arlo's business from NETGEAR as well as various interim arrangements. In connection with these arrangements, during the third and fourth quarter of 2018, NETGEAR recorded a reduction to operating expenses of $6.3 million relating to the transition services, which are reflected in the Company's consolidated statement of operations as discontinued operations for the periods presented. In the third quarter of 2018, NETGEAR provided billing and collection services to Arlo in respect of its trade receivables and trade payments. As of December 31, 2018, NETGEAR had a net liability to Arlo of $12.2 million relating to these transition service, billing and collection services, and the net liability was classified within accounts payable on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not expect the amounts relating to such services to be material after the Distribution. Additionally, the Company entered into certain other agreements that provide a framework for the relationship between NETGEAR and Arlo after the separation, including a transition services agreement, a tax matters agreement, an employee matters agreement, an intellectual property rights cross-license agreement, and a registration rights agreement. The financial results of Arlo through the Distribution date are presented as income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, on the consolidated statement of operations. The following table presents financial results of Arlo: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Net revenues Cost of net revenues Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Separation expense Restructuring and other charges Litigation reserves, net Total operating expenses Income (loss) from operations of discontinued operations Interest income Other income (expense), net Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 464,649 $ 367,751 $ (In thousands) 372,843 91,806 48,696 39,713 17,762 31,583 — — 137,754 (45,948) 1,239 (41) (44,750) (9,095) 279,425 88,326 22,710 19,490 691 1,384 — 28 44,303 44,023 — 467 44,490 13,921 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax $ (35,655) $ 30,569 $ 80 184,853 146,570 38,283 18,463 10,764 487 — 40 — 29,754 8,529 — 45 8,574 3,035 5,539 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The following table presents the aggregate carrying amounts of the classes of assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations of Arlo: Carrying amounts of assets included as part of discontinued operations Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Current assets classified as discontinued operations Property and equipment, net Intangibles, net Goodwill Other non-current assets Non-current assets classified as discontinued operations Total assets classified as discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheet Carrying amounts of liabilities included as part of discontinued operations: Accounts payable Accrued employee compensation Other accrued liabilities Deferred revenue Current liabilities classified as discontinued operations Other non-current liabilities Non-current liabilities classified as discontinued operations Total liabilities classified as discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheet Note 4. Business Acquisition Meural Inc. As of December 31, 2017 (In thousands) 143 157,680 82,952 2,350 243,125 3,311 4,348 21,149 12,318 41,126 284,251 20,711 3,231 72,649 34,072 130,663 13,333 13,333 143,996 $ $ $ $ On August 6, 2018 , the Company acquired Meural Inc. ("Meural"), a New York based startup focused on producing and developing hardware and cloud platform capabilities for the digital distribution of curated artwork. Meural aims to provide a premium product to customers and to complement sales of digital canvasses with subscription services by offering customers the ability to subscribe to a large library of curated artworks. The Company believes that the acquisition enables it to enter a new and growing product category focused on consumer lifestyle and enhance its portfolio of hardware and service offerings. Prior to the business acquisition, the Company had an investment in Meural since 2017. The total purchase consideration was $22.2 million , which consisted of $14.4 million of cash, which was paid in the third quarter of 2018, $1.5 million due to the Company's settlement in its prior equity interest in Meural, and the acquisition date fair value of contingent consideration of $6.3 million . 81 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The merger agreement provides for the payment of contingent consideration to each selling shareholder of Meural based on the achievement of certain technical and service revenue milestones through August 6, 2023, with a maximum payout of $3.5 million on each of two milestones. The valuation of the contingent consideration was derived using estimates of the probability of achievement within specified time periods, in a scenario based model for the technical milestone; and using an option pricing model in a risk neutral framework using a Monte Carlo simulation, based on projections of future service revenues for the service revenue milestone. The fair value of such contingent consideration payable to Meural’s external shareholders is determined to be $5.9 million a nd is included in Other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2018, there were no significant changes in the range of expected outcomes for the contingent consideration from the acquisition date.The acquisition qualified as a business combination and was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The results of Meural have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. Pro forma results of operations for the acquisition are not presented as the financial impact to the Company's consolidated results of operations is not material. The purchase price allocation is subject to certain post-closing adjustments and was as follows (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Property and equipment Intangibles Non-current deferred income taxes Goodwill Accounts payable Other accrued liabilities Total purchase price $ $ 20 209 760 500 16 4,800 815 16,407 (1,317) (35) 22,175 The $16.4 million of goodwill recorded on the acquisition of Meural is not deductible for U.S. federal or U.S. state income tax purposes. T he goodwill was generated as a result of the anticipated synergies, expected to be derived through selling Meural’s products and services through NETGEAR’s established worldwide sales channel and customer base. The goodwill was assigned to the Company's Connected Home segment. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded $0.8 million of deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities. The deferred tax assets were recorded for the tax benefit of the net operating losses as of the date of the acquisition after consideration of limitations on their use under U.S. Internal Revenue Code section 382. The deferred tax assets were reduced by deferred tax liabilities for the book basis of intangible assets for which the Company has no tax basis. The Company designated $3.0 million of the acquired intangibles as developed technology. T he valuation was derived using an income approach, based on the present value of the estimated future cash flows derived from projections of future operations attributable to the developed technology, discounted at a rate of 16.0% and are being amortized over an estimated useful life of seven years . The Company designated $0.6 million of the acquired intangibles as trade name, $0.6 million of the acquired intangibles as customer relationship and $0.6 million of the acquired intangibles as playlist database. The valuations of these intangibles were derived using variations of the income approach for the trade name and customer relationships, and replacement cost method for the playlist database. The valuations were based on certain key assumptions like the royalty rate, revenue and cash flows derived from projections of future operations and discount rates ranging from 16.0% to 19.0% . The intangible assets are being amortized over estimated useful lives of three years , two years and seven years for trade name, customer relationships and playlist database, respectively. 82 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Note 5. Balance Sheet Components Available-for-sale short-term investments December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Estimated Fair Value Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Estimated Fair Value (In thousands) As of U.S. treasuries Certificates of deposits Total $ $ 70,330 $ 149 70,479 $ 1 $ — 1 $ (17) $ 70,314 $ 124,816 $ — 149 162 (17) $ 70,463 $ 124,978 $ — $ — — $ (146) $ 124,670 — 162 (146) $ 124,832 The Company’s short-term investments are primarily comprised of marketable securities that are classified as available-for-sale and consist of government securities with an original maturity or remaining maturity at the time of purchase of greater than three months and no more than twelve months . Accordingly, none of the available-for-sale securities have unrealized losses greater than 12 months. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values As noted above, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" on January 1, 2018. The Company's equity investments without determinable fair values amounted to $2.9 million and $4.5 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. $1.4 million of impairment charges and $0.2 million upward adjustments for observable price changes were recognized during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and there were no impairments recognized during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Accounts receivable, net Gross accounts receivable Allowance for doubtful accounts Allowance for sales returns Allowance for price protection Total allowances Total accounts receivable, net As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (In thousands) $ 304,921 $ 273,734 (1,254) — * — * (1,254) $ 303,667 $ (1,050) (14,321) (3,245) (18,616) 255,118 _________________________ * Upon adoption of ASC 606, allowances for sales returns and price protection were reclassified to current liabilities as these reserve balances are considered refund liabilities. Refer to Note 2. Revenue Recognition , for additional information on the adoption impact. Inventories Raw materials Finished goods Total inventories As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (In thousands) 3,427 $ 240,444 243,871 $ 4,465 158,477 162,942 $ $ 83 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The Company records provisions for excess and obsolete inventory based on assumptions about future demand and marketing conditions. While management believes the estimates and assumptions underlying its current forecasts are reasonable, there is risk that additional charges may be necessary if current forecasts are greater than actual demand. Property and equipment, net Computer equipment Furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements Software Machinery and equipment Total property and equipment, gross Accumulated depreciation and amortization Total property and equipment, net As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (In thousands) $ 9,205 $ 18,286 28,065 60,552 116,108 (95,931) $ 20,177 $ 10,065 21,464 28,817 56,423 116,769 (99,420) 17,349 Depreciation and amortization expense pertaining to property and equipment was $10.5 million , $11.5 million and $13.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Intangibles, net Technology Customer contracts and relationships Other Total intangibles, net As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2017 Gross Accumulated Amortization Net Gross Accumulated Amortization Net $ 59,799 $ (56,978) $ (In thousands) 2,821 $ 56,799 $ (56,383) $ 56,800 10,345 126,944 (44,280) (8,540) 12,520 1,805 56,200 9,145 (37,130) (7,991) (109,798) 17,146 $ 122,144 $ (101,504) $ 416 19,070 1,154 20,640 Amortization of purchased intangibles in the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 was $8.3 million , $11.0 million and $15.7 million , respectively. No impairment charges were recorded in the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . As of December 31, 2018, estimated amortization expense related to finite-lived intangibles for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total estimated amortization expense 84 $ $ 7,042 6,205 2,044 527 514 814 17,146 Table of Contents Goodwill NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) As of December 31, 2018 upon completion of the Distribution, the Company operates and reports in two segments: Connected Homes and SMB. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: As of January 1, 2017 As of December 31, 2017 Goodwill from acquisition of Meural As of December 31, 2018 Connected Home SMB Total $ $ 28,035 $ 28,035 16,407 44,442 $ (In thousands) 36,279 $ 36,279 — 36,279 $ 64,314 64,314 16,407 80,721 On completion of the Arlo IPO on August 7, 2018, the Company evaluated the goodwill relating to the Arlo segment for impairment by comparing its fair value as evidenced by the quoted market price during the IPO with its carrying value, and concluded that the fair value of the Arlo reporting unit was not less than its carrying amount. Therefore, no goodwill impairment was recognized. The Company completed its annual impairment test of goodwill as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter of 2018 , or October 1, 2018 . In anticipation of the Distribution of its shareholding in Arlo Technologies, Inc., the Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test to determine if the goodwill for the remaining two segments, or reporting units, i.e. Connected Home and SMB, was impaired by comparing each reporting unit’s fair value with its carrying amount. The fair value of the reporting unit was determined by the income approach. Under the income approach, the Company calculated the fair value based on the present value of the estimated cash flows. Cash flow projections were based on management's estimates of revenue growth rates and net operating income margins, taking into consideration market and industry conditions. The discount rate used was based on the weighted-average cost of capital adjusted for the risk, size premium, and business-specific characteristics related to the business's ability to execute on the projected cash flows. Other unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value included a normalized working capital level, capital expenditures assumptions, and terminal growth rates. The results of the quantitative test indicated that the fair value of the reporting units, Connected Home and SMB, exceeds their carrying amounts, respectively. Therefore, as of December 31, 2018, the Company determined that the goodwill for the reporting units was not impaired. No goodwill impairment was recognized in the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 or 2016 . Accumulated goodwill impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , was $74.2 million and $74.2 million , respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , in conjunction with the Company's quantitative impairment assessment for goodwill, other long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangibles, were assessed for recoverability, including the depreciation and amortization policies for the long-lived asset groups and their respective useful lives. The results of the assessment did not indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable from their undiscounted cash flows. Therefore, as of December 31, 2018 , the Company determined that the long-lived assets were not impaired. No impairment to its long-lived assets was recognized in the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . Charges related to the impairment of property and equipment were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . 85 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Other non-current assets Non-current deferred income taxes Other Total other non-current assets Other accrued liabilities Sales and marketing Warranty obligation Sales returns Freight and duty Other Total other accrued liabilities As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ $ (In thousands) 57,557 $ 9,876 67,433 $ 38,293 11,178 49,471 As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ $ (In thousands) 91,548 $ 14,412 * 46,318 * 10,586 36,608 64,540 44,068 — 6,705 34,508 199,472 $ 149,821 ________________________ * Upon adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, certain warranty reserve balances totaling $29.1 million were reclassified to sales returns as these liabilities are payable to the Company's customers and settled in cash or by credit on account. Under ASC 606, these amounts are to be accounted for as sales with right of return. Note 6. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company’s subsidiaries have had, and will continue to have material future cash flows, including revenue and expenses, which are denominated in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency. The Company and all its subsidiaries designate the U.S. dollar as the functional currency. Changes in exchange rates between the Company’s functional currency and other currencies in which the Company transacts business will cause fluctuations in cash flow expectations and cash flow realized or settled. Accordingly, the Company uses derivatives to mitigate its business exposure to foreign exchange risk. The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts in Australian dollars, British pounds, Euros, Canadian dollar, and Japanese yen to manage the exposures to foreign exchange risk related to expected future cash flows on certain forecasted revenue, costs of revenue, operating expenses and existing assets and liabilities. The Company does not enter into derivatives transactions for trading or speculative purposes. The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts do not contain any credit-risk-related contingent features. The Company is exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by the counter-parties of its forward contracts. The Company enters into derivative contracts with high-quality financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one counter-party. In addition, the derivative contracts typically mature in less than six months and the Company continuously evaluates the credit standing of its counter-party financial institutions. The counter-parties to these arrangements are large highly rated financial institutions and the Company does not consider non-performance a material risk. The Company may choose not to hedge certain foreign exchange exposures for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, materiality, accounting considerations or prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures. There can be no assurance the hedges will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in foreign exchange rates. The Company’s accounting policies for these instruments are based on whether the instruments are designated as hedge or non-hedge instruments in accordance with the authoritative guidance for derivatives and hedging. The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheets at fair value. Cash flow hedge gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income ("OCI") until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings in Other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. 86 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments and the line items on the consolidated balance sheets to which they were recorded as of December 31, 2018 , and 2017 , are summarized as follows: Balance Sheets Location December 31, 2018 2017 Balance Sheets Location December 31, 2018 2017 Derivative Assets Derivative contracts not designated as hedging instruments Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ Derivative contracts designated as hedging instruments Prepaid expenses and other current assets (In thousands) 784 $ 2 1,314 485 Other accrued liabilities Other accrued liabilities (In thousands) 331 $ $ 37 7,128 1,064 Total $ 786 $ 1,799 $ 368 $ 8,192 Refer to Note 14, Fair Value Measurements, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for detailed disclosures regarding fair value measurements in accordance with the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures. Offsetting Derivative Assets and Liabilities The Company has entered into master netting arrangements which allow net settlements under certain conditions. Although netting is permitted, it is currently the Company's policy and practice to record all derivative assets and liabilities on a gross basis on the consolidated balance sheets. The following tables set forth the offsetting of derivative assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : As of December 31, 2018 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Of Assets Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Bank of America Wells Fargo Total $ $ 323 $ 463 786 $ — $ — — $ (In thousands) 323 $ 463 786 $ (64) $ (298) (362) $ — $ — — $ Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2017 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Of Assets Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount Bank of America Wells Fargo Total $ $ 1,664 $ 135 1,799 $ — $ — — $ (In thousands) 1,664 $ 135 1,799 $ (1,664) $ (135) (1,799) $ — $ — — $ 87 259 165 424 — — — Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The following tables set forth the offsetting of derivative liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : As of December 31, 2018 Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Of Liabilities Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Bank of America $ J.P. Morgan Chase Wells Fargo Total $ 64 $ 6 298 368 $ — $ — — — $ (In thousands) 64 $ 6 298 368 $ (64) $ — (298) (362) $ — $ — — — $ — 6 — 6 Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2017 Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Of Liabilities Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount Bank of America Wells Fargo Total $ $ Cash flow hedges 7,815 $ 377 8,192 $ — $ — — $ (In thousands) 7,815 $ 377 8,192 $ (1,664) $ (135) (1,799) $ — $ — — $ 6,151 242 6,393 To help manage the exposure of operating margins to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, the Company hedges a portion of its anticipated foreign currency revenue, costs of revenue and certain operating expenses. These hedges are designated at the inception of the hedge relationship as cash flow hedges under the authoritative guidance for derivatives and hedging. Effectiveness is tested at least quarterly both prospectively and retrospectively using regression analysis to ensure that the hedge relationship has been effective and is likely to remain effective in the future. The Company typically hedges portions of its anticipated foreign currency exposure less than six months. The Company enters into about 10 forward contracts per quarter with an average size of approximately $7.0 million USD equivalent related to its cash flow hedging program. The effects of the Company's cash flow hedges on the consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows: Location and Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow Hedges Net revenue Cost of revenue Year Ended December 31, 2018 Research and development (In thousands) Sales and marketing General and administrative Statements of operations Gains (losses) on cash flow hedge $ $ 1,058,816 $ 717,118 $ 82,416 $ 152,569 $ 665 $ (9) $ 83 $ (102) $ 64,857 (53) 88 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Location and Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow Hedges Net revenue Cost of revenue Year Ended December 31, 2017 Research and development (In thousands) Sales and marketing General and administrative Statements of operations Gains (losses) on cash flow hedge $ $ 1,039,169 $ 731,453 $ (5,786) $ 18 $ 71,893 $ 130 $ 138,679 $ 788 $ 54,346 133 Location and Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow Hedges Net revenue Cost of revenue Year Ended December 31, 2016 Research and development (In thousands) Sales and marketing General and administrative Statements of operations Gains (losses) on cash flow hedge $ $ 1,143,445 $ 769,543 $ 850 $ (6) $ 70,904 $ (55) $ 139,591 $ (189) $ 53,996 (30) The Company expects to reclassify to earnings all of the amounts recorded in OCI associated with its cash flow hedges over the next twelve months. OCI associated with cash flow hedges of foreign currency revenue is recognized as a component of net revenue in the same period the related revenue is recognized. OCI associated with cash flow hedges of foreign currency costs of revenue and operating expenses are recognized as a component of cost of revenue and operating expenses in the same period and in the same statements of operations line item as the related costs of revenue and operating expenses are recognized. Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges must be de-designated as hedges when it is probable the forecasted hedged transaction will not occur within the designated hedge period or if not recognized within 60 days following the end of the hedge period. Deferred gains and losses in OCI with such derivative instruments are reclassified immediately into earnings through Other income (expense), net. Any subsequent changes in fair value of such derivative instruments are reflected in current earnings unless they are also re-designated as hedges of other transactions. The Company did not recognize any material net gains or losses related to the loss of hedge designation on discontinued cash flow hedges during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . The pre-tax effects of the Company’s derivative instruments on OCI and the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows: Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Cash flow hedges: Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Total Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCI - Effective Portion Year Ended December 31, 2018 Location of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from OCI into Income - Effective Portion (In thousands) $ 1,416 Net revenue — Cost of revenue — Research and development — Sales and marketing — General and administrative $ 1,416 Gains (Losses) Reclassified from OCI into Income - Effective Portion (1) $ $ 665 (9) 83 (102) (53) 584 _________________________ (1) Refer to Note 11, Stockholders' Equity , which summarizes the accumulated other comprehensive income activity related to derivatives. 89 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Cash flow hedges: Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Total Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCI - Effective Portion Year Ended December 31, 2017 Location of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from OCI into Income - Effective Portion (In thousands) Gains (Losses) Reclassified from OCI into Income - Effective Portion (1) $ (7,785) Net revenue $ (5,786) — Cost of revenue — Research and development — Sales and marketing — General and administrative 18 130 788 133 $ (7,785) $ (4,717) _________________________ (1) Refer to Note 11, Stockholders' Equity , which summarizes the accumulated other comprehensive income activity related to derivatives. Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Cash flow hedges: Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Total Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCI - Effective Portion Year Ended December 31, 2016 Location of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from OCI into Income - Effective Portion (In thousands) $ 2,757 Net revenue — Cost of revenue — Research and development — Sales and marketing — General and administrative $ 2,757 Gains (Losses) Reclassified from OCI into Income - Effective Portion (1) $ $ 850 (6) (55) (189) (30) 570 _________________________ (1) Refer to Note 11, Stockholders' Equity , which summarizes the accumulated other comprehensive income activity related to derivatives. Non-designated hedges The Company enters into non-designated hedges under the authoritative guidance for derivatives and hedging to manage the exposure of non-functional currency monetary assets and liabilities held on its financial statements to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, as well as to reduce volatility in other income and expense. The non-designated hedges are generally expected to offset the changes in value of its net non-functional currency asset and liability position resulting from foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Foreign currency denominated accounts receivable and payable are hedged with non-designated hedges when the related anticipated foreign revenue and expenses are recognized in the Company’s financial statements. The Company also hedges certain non-functional currency monetary assets and liabilities that may not be incorporated into the cash flow hedge program. The Company adjusts its non-designated hedges monthly and enters into about ten non-designated derivatives per quarter. The average size of its non-designated hedges is approximately $2.0 million USD equivalent and these hedges range from one to three months in duration. 90 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The effects of the Company’s derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , are as follows: Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Location of Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Derivative Year ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) Foreign currency forward contracts Other income (expense), net $ 3,870 $ (5,085) $ 3,280 Note 7. Net Income (Loss) Per Share Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive common stock outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted stock awards, and issuances of shares under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"), which are reflected in diluted net income per share by application of the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share when their effect is anti-dilutive. Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. per share for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands, except per share data) Numerator: Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) from discontinued operations Net income (loss) Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in discontinued operations $ 17,326 $ (11,133) $ (35,655) (18,329) (9,167) 30,569 19,436 — Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. $ (9,162) $ 19,436 $ Denominator: Weighted average common shares - basic Potentially dilutive common share equivalent Weighted average common shares - dilutive Basic net income (loss) per share Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Diluted net income (loss) per share Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. 31,626 1,511 33,137 32,097 — 32,097 $ $ $ $ 0.55 $ (0.84) (0.29) $ 0.52 $ (0.80) (0.28) $ (0.35) $ 0.96 0.61 $ (0.35) $ 0.96 0.61 $ Anti-dilutive employee stock-based awards, excluded 815 279 70,312 5,539 75,851 — 75,851 32,758 970 33,728 2.15 0.17 2.32 2.08 0.17 2.25 258 91 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Note 8. Other Income (Expense), Net Other income (expense), net consisted of the following: Foreign currency transaction gain (loss), net Foreign currency contract gain (loss), net Other Total Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) $ $ (2,675) $ 3,968 (783) 510 $ 5,292 $ (3,879) 144 1,557 $ (3,323) 3,597 (440) (166) 92 Table of Contents Note 9. Income Taxes NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Income before income taxes and the provision for income taxes consisted of the following: United States International Total Current: U.S. Federal State Foreign Deferred: U.S. Federal State Foreign Total Net deferred tax assets consisted of the following: Deferred Tax Assets: Accruals and allowances Net operating loss carryforwards Stock-based compensation Deferred rent Deferred revenue Tax credit carryforwards Acquired intangibles Depreciation and amortization Total deferred tax assets Deferred Tax Liabilities: Other Total deferred tax liabilities Valuation Allowance (1) Net deferred tax assets Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) 32,237 $ 10,967 43,204 $ 36,461 $ 9,763 46,224 $ 89,877 16,618 106,495 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) (587) $ 25,733 $ $ $ $ (2,338) 4,267 1,342 20,930 2,514 1,092 24,536 $ 25,878 $ 2,435 1,545 29,713 27,936 190 (482) 27,644 57,357 $ 28,796 2,412 4,130 35,338 1,139 762 (1,056) 845 36,183 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (In thousands) $ 20,765 $ 16,629 1,673 5,734 1,296 1,100 1,661 31,902 866 64,997 (706) (706) (6,734) $ 57,557 $ 50 5,634 1,977 1,459 974 15,598 904 43,225 (362) (362) (4,570) 38,293 _________________________ (1) Valuation allowance is presented gross. The valuation allowance net of the federal tax effect is $5.4 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. 93 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Management's judgment is required in determining the Company's provision for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and any valuation allowance recorded against its deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2018 , a valuation allowance of $6.7 million was placed against California deferred tax assets and certain federal tax attributes since the recovery of the assets is uncertain. There was a valuation allowance of $4.6 million placed against deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017 . Accordingly, the valuation allowance increased $2.2 million during 2018 . In management's judgment it is more likely than not that the remaining deferred tax assets will be realized in the future as of December 31, 2018 , and as such no valuation allowance has been recorded against the remaining deferred tax assets. The effective tax rate differs from the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate as follows: Tax at federal statutory rate State, net of federal benefit Impact of international operations Stock-based compensation Tax credits Valuation allowance Impact of the Tax Act Write-off of future tax benefits related to Arlo Others Provision for income taxes Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 21.0 % 1.5 % 1.9 % (0.3)% (2.6)% 1.4 % (15.4)% 52.2 % 0.2 % 59.9 % 35.0 % 1.0 % (8.8)% (3.9)% (2.0)% — % 104.6 % — % (1.8)% 124.1 % 35.0 % 1.8 % (2.8)% 1.2 % (0.9)% — % — % — % (0.3)% 34.0 % Income tax benefits (provision) in the amount of $2.2 million related to stock options was credited to additional paid-in capital during the years ended December 31, 2016. On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" (Topic 718) upon which all income tax benefits are recorded in income tax expense. As a result of changes in fair value of available-for-sale securities and foreign currency hedging, income tax (provision) benefits of $(0.1) million , $0.4 million , and $(0.3) million were recorded in comprehensive income related to the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company has approximately $8.0 million of acquired federal net operating loss carry forwards as well as $1.7 million of California tax credits carryforwards. All of the losses are subject to annual usage limitations under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The federal losses expire in different years beginning in fiscal 2021 . The California tax credit carryforwards have no expiration. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") was issued to address the application of US GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. In accordance with SAB 118, the Company recorded a provisional income tax expense of $48.3 million in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2017, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The provisional estimate included $26.6 million related to the re-measurement of its net deferred tax assets at a U.S. federal statutory rate that was reduced from 35% to 21%, and $21.7 million related to the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. The Company completed its analysis of the impact of U.S. Tax reform in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company completed the computation of the transition tax as part of the 2017 income tax returns filing and reduced the provisional amount by $6.7 million . The Company elected to pay the liability for the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings in installments. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $6.5 million and $17.5 million of the transition tax related liability was included in non-current income taxes payable on our consolidated balance sheet. 94 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) In addition, certain new complex tax rules related to the taxation of foreign earnings (Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income “GILTI”, Foreign Derived Intangible Income “FDII” and Base Erosion and Anti-abuse Tax “BEAT”) became effective as of January 1, 2018. The GILTI provision imposes taxes on foreign earnings in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets. The Company made the accounting policy election to record the GILTI tax in the period it occurs. The Company has evaluated these provisions and recorded a detriment of $0.4 million and a benefit of $(0.7) million in relation to GILTI and FDII respectively, resulting on a net benefit of $(0.3) million . The Company is not subject to BEAT for the year ended in December 31st, 2018. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state, local, and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local income tax examinations for years before 2014 . The Company is no longer subject to foreign income tax examinations before 2004 . The Italian Tax Authority (ITA) has audited the Company’s 2004 through 2012 tax years. The Company is currently in litigation with the ITA with respect to all of these years. The German Tax Authority (GTA) is currently conducting a broad based audit of fiscal years 2014 through 2016 , which will cover income tax, trade tax, payroll tax, and VAT tax. During 2016, the United Kingdom HMRC (Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs) initiated an audit of the Company’s 2014 and 2015 tax years. They have since added the 2016 year to their query. Additionally, in December, 2017 the French Tax Authority commenced an audit of the Company’s 2015 and 2016 tax years. The Company has limited audit activity in various states and other foreign jurisdictions. Due to the uncertain nature of ongoing tax audits, the Company has recorded its liability for uncertain tax positions as part of its long-term liability as payments cannot be anticipated over the next 12 months. The existing tax positions of the Company continue to generate an increase in the liability for uncertain tax positions. The liability for uncertain tax positions may be reduced for liabilities that are settled with taxing authorities or on which the statute of limitations could expire without assessment from tax authorities. The possible reduction in liabilities for uncertain tax positions resulting from the expiration of statutes of limitation in multiple jurisdictions in the next 12 months is approximately $1.1 million , excluding the interest, penalties and the effect of any related deferred tax assets or liabilities. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (“UTB”) is as follows: Balance as of December 31, 2015 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions of prior years Reductions due to lapse of applicable statutes Adjustments due to foreign exchange rate movement Balance as of December 31, 2016 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions of prior years Reductions due to lapse of applicable statutes Adjustments due to foreign exchange rate movement Balance as of December 31, 2017 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions of prior years Reductions due to lapse of applicable statutes Adjustments due to foreign exchange rate movement Balance as of December 31, 2018 Federal, State, and Foreign Tax (In thousands) $ $ $ 12,830 1,523 45 (237) (627) (569) 12,965 938 32 (1,477) (899) 1,008 12,567 637 280 (116) (999) (386) 11,983 The total amount of net UTB that, if recognized would affect the effective tax rate as of December 31, 2018 is $9.6 million . The ending net UTB results from adjusting the gross balance at December 31, 2018 for items such as U.S. federal and state deferred tax, interest, and deductible taxes. The net UTB is included as a component of non-current income taxes payable within the consolidated balance sheets. 95 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , total interest and penalties expensed were $0.1 million , $(0.4) million , and $0.6 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , accrued interest and penalties on a gross basis was $3.4 million , and $3.3 million , respectively. Included in accrued interest are amounts related to tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. The Company has changed its indefinite reinvestment assertion on overseas earning with the exception of earnings in Taiwan related to its research and development facility. Accordingly, the Company recorded foreign withholding tax of $1.0 million on earnings of approximately $188.4 million through December 31, 2018. The Company does not anticipate additional US tax on the repatriation of these earnings. Further, no foreign tax credits have been recognized, as their benefit is uncertain. Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies Leases The Company leases office space, cars and equipment under operating leases, some of which are non-cancelable, with various expiration dates through December 2026 . Rent expense in the years ended of December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $9.4 million , $9.9 million , and $9.5 million , respectively. The terms of some of the Company’s office leases provide for rental payments on a graduated scale. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period, and has accrued for rent expense incurred but not paid. As of December 31, 2018 , future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows (in thousands): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments Purchase Obligations $ $ 11,900 9,986 7,785 6,856 4,478 7,725 48,730 The Company has entered into various master purchase agreements for inventory with suppliers. Generally, under these agreements, 50% of orders are cancelable by giving notice 46 to 60 days prior to the expected shipment date and 25% of orders are cancelable by giving notice 31 to 45 days prior to the expected shipment date. Orders are non-cancelable within 30 days prior to the expected shipment date. For those orders not governed by master purchase agreements, the commitments are governed by the commercial terms on the Company's purchase orders subject to acknowledgment from its suppliers. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company had approximately $156.2 million in non-cancelable purchase commitments with suppliers. The Company establishes a loss liability for all products it does not expect to sell for which it has committed purchases from suppliers. Such losses have not been material to date. From time to time, the Company’s suppliers procure unique complex components on the Company's behalf. If these components do not meet specified technical criteria or are defective, the Company should not be obligated to purchase the materials. However, disputes may arise as a result and significant resources may be spent resolving such disputes. Non-Trade Commitments As of December 31, 2018 , the Company had long term, non-cancellable purchase commitments of $17.4 million pertaining to non-trade activities. 96 Table of Contents Warranty Obligation NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Changes in the Company's warranty obligation, which is included in Other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, were as follows: Balance at the beginning of the year Reclassified to sales returns upon adoption of ASC 606 Provision for warranty obligations made during the year Settlements made during the year Balance at the end of year 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2017 (In thousands) 2016 $ $ 44,068 $ (29,147) * 12,783 (13,292) 14,412 $ 42,571 $ — 91,384 (89,887) 44,068 $ 50,216 — 86,610 (94,255) 42,571 ________________________ * Upon adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, certain warranty reserve balances totaling $29.1 million were reclassified to sales returns as these liabilities are payable to the Company's customers and settled in cash or by credit on account. Under ASC 606, these amounts are to be accounted for as sales with right of return. Guarantees and Indemnifications The Company, as permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with its Bylaws, indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the officer or director is or was serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited; however, the Company has a Director and Officer Insurance Policy that enables it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of its insurance policy coverage, the Company believes the fair value of each indemnification agreement is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2018 . In its sales agreements, the Company typically agrees to indemnify its direct customers, distributors and resellers (the “Indemnified Parties”) for any expenses or liability resulting from claimed infringements by the Company's products of patents, trademarks or copyrights of third parties that are asserted against the Indemnified Parties, subject to customary carve outs. The terms of these indemnification agreements are generally perpetual after execution of the agreement. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is generally unlimited. From time to time, the Company receives requests for indemnity and may choose to assume the defense of such litigation asserted against the Indemnified Parties. The Company believes the estimated fair value f these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2018 . Employment Agreements The Company has signed various change in control and severance agreements with key executives. Upon a termination without cause or resignation with good reason, executive officers would be entitled to (1) cash severance equal to the executive officer’s annual base salary, and, for the Chief Executive Officer, an additional amount equal to his target annual bonus, (2) 12 months of health benefits continuation and (3) accelerated vesting of any unvested equity awards that would have vested during the 12 months following the termination date. Upon a termination without cause or resignation with good reason that occurs during the one month prior to or 12 months following a change in control of the Company, executive officers would be entitled to (1) cash severance equal to a multiple ( 2 x for the Chief Executive Officer and 1 x for all other executive officers) of the sum of the executive officer’s annual base salary and target annual bonus, (2) a number of months ( 24 for the Chief Executive Officer and 12 for other executive officers) of health benefits continuation and (3) accelerated vesting of all outstanding, unvested equity awards. The Company had no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2018 . Litigation and Other Legal Matters The Company is involved in disputes, litigation, and other legal actions, including, but not limited to, the matters described below. In all cases, at each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for 97 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) contingencies. In such cases, the Company accrues for the amount, or if a range, the Company accrues the low end of the range, only if there is not a better estimate than any other amount within the range, as a component of legal expense within litigation reserves, net. The Company monitors developments in these legal matters that could affect the estimate the Company had previously accrued. In relation to such matters, the Company currently believes that there are no existing claims or proceedings that are likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position within the next twelve months, or the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable. There are many uncertainties associated with any litigation, and these actions or other third-party claims against the Company may cause the Company to incur costly litigation and/or substantial settlement charges. In addition, the resolution of any intellectual property litigation may require the Company to make royalty payments, which could have an adverse effect in future periods. If any of those events were to occur, the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be adversely affected. The actual liability in any such matters may be materially different from the Company's estimates, which could result in the need to adjust the liability and record additional expenses. Ericsson v. NETGEAR, Inc. On September 14, 2010, Ericsson Inc. and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (collectively “Ericsson”) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company and defendants D-Link Corporation, D-Link Systems, Inc., Acer, Inc., Acer America Corporation, and Gateway, Inc. in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas alleging that the defendants infringe certain Ericsson patents. The Company has been accused of infringing eight U.S. patents: 5,790,516 (the “‘516 Patent”); 6,330,435 (the “‘435 Patent”); 6,424,625 (the “‘625 Patent”); 6,519,223 (the “‘223 Patent”); 6,772,215 (the “‘215 Patent”); 5,987,019 (the “‘019 Patent”); 6,466,568 (the “‘568 Patent”); and 5,771,468 (the “'468 Patent"). Ericsson generally alleged that the Company and the other defendants infringe the Ericsson patents through the defendants' IEEE 802.11-compliant products. In addition, Ericsson alleged that the Company infringed the claimed methods and apparatuses of the '468 Patent through the Company's PCMCIA routers. On June 22, 2012, Intel filed its Complaint in Intervention, meaning that Intel also became a defendant. During litigation, Ericsson (a) dismissed the '468 Patent with prejudice and gave the Company a covenant not to sue as to products in the marketplace now or in the past, (b) dropped the '516 Patent and (c) dropped the '223 Patent, except for those products that use Intel chips. A jury trial occurred in the Eastern District of Texas from June 3 through June 13, 2013. After hearing the evidence, the jury found no infringement of the '435 and '223 Patents, and the jury found infringement of claim 1 of the '625 Patent, claims 1 and 5 of the '568 Patent, and claims 1 and 2 of the '215 Patent. The jury also found that there was no willful infringement by any defendant. Additionally, the jury found no invalidity of the asserted claims of the '435 and '625 Patents. The jury assessed the following damages against the defendants: D-Link: $435,000 ; NETGEAR: $3,555,000 ; Acer/Gateway: $1,170,000 ; Dell: $1,920,000 ; Toshiba: $2,445,000 ; Belkin: $600,000 . The damages awards equated to 15 cents per unit for each accused 802.11 device sold by each defendant ( 5 cents per patent). The Company and other defendants appealed the jury verdict. On December 4, 2014, the Federal Circuit issued its opinion and order in the appeal. The Federal Circuit vacated the entirety of the $3.6 million jury verdict against the Company and other defendants’ damages awards and also vacated the ongoing 15 cent s per unit royalty verdict, finding that the District Court had not properly instructed the jury on royalty rates and Ericsson’s licensing promises. While the Federal Circuit found the district court had inadequate jury instructions, it held that there was enough evidence for the jury to find infringement of two claims of U.S. Patent Number 6,466,568 and two claims of U.S. Patent Number 6,772,215, but reversed the lower court’s decision not to grant a noninfringement judgment as a matter of law regarding the third patent, U.S. Patent Number 6,424,625, finding that no reasonable jury could find that the ‘625 Patent was infringed by the defendants. The case was remanded for further proceedings. In September 2013, Broadcom filed petitions in the USPTO at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) seeking inter partes review (“IPR”) of Ericsson’s three patents that the jury found were infringed by the Company and other defendants. On March 6, 2015, the PTAB invalidated all the claims of these three patents that were asserted against the Company and other defendants, ruling these claims were anticipated or obvious in light of prior art. This PTAB decision comes on top of the Federal Circuit decision (a) vacating the jury verdict after finding that the district court had not properly instructed the jury on royalty rates and Ericsson’s licensing promises, and (b) ruling that no reasonable jury could have found the ‘625 Patent infringed. Accordingly, the Company has reversed the accruals related to this case. Ericsson appealed the PTAB’s Broadcom IPR decision to the Federal Circuit and also requested that the PTAB reconsider its decision. The PTAB denied Ericsson’s request for reconsideration. On appeal to the Federal Circuit, Ericsson argued that the PTAB’s determination that Broadcom had timely filed its IPR petitions was improper, as it was in privity with the defendants, and that the PTAB should not have invalidated the claims of the '625 Patent, the '568 Patent, and '215 Patent. The Federal Circuit 98 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) upheld the invalidity of the patents’ claims, as previously determined by the PTAB, and ruled that Ericsson could not appeal the timeliness of Broadcom’s IPR petitions. Ericsson petitioned the Federal Circuit for an en banc rehearing of the Federal Circuit's panel decision that Broadcom was timely in bringing its IPRs, and the Federal Circuit agreed to the en banc rehearing. On January 8, 2018, the Federal Circuit sitting en banc ruled that the timeliness of Broadcom’s IPR petitions was an appealable issue. Following this en banc decision finding that PTAB decisions on privity are appealable, on April 20, 2018, the original three judge panel upheld its prior finding of invalidity and found that Broadcom was not in privity with the defendants in the district court case, and had timely filed its IPR petitions. In response, Ericsson filed another motion for an en banc hearing of this decision. On August 14, 2018, the Federal Circuit denied Ericsson’s motions for rehearing and rehearing en banc. On January 7, 2019, the US Supreme Court denied certiorari to hear the final appeal of the case. This case is now closed. The Company does not infringe any valid Ericsson patent. Agenzia Entrate Provincial Revenue Office 1 of Milan v. NETGEAR International, Inc. In November 2012, the Italian tax police began a comprehensive tax audit of NETGEAR International, Inc.’s Italian Branch. The scope of the audit initially was from 2004 through 2011 and was subsequently expanded to include 2012 . The tax audit encompassed Corporate Income Tax (IRES), Regional Business Tax (IRAP) and Value-Added Tax (VAT). In December 2013, December 2014, August 2015, and December 2015 an assessment was issued by Inland Revenue Agency, Provincial Head Office No. 1 of Milan-Auditing Department (Milan Tax Office) for the 2004 tax year, the 2005 through 2007 tax years, the 2008 through 2010 tax years, and the 2011 through 2012 tax years, respectively. In May 2014, the Company filed with the Provincial Tax Court of Milan an appeal brief, including a Request for Hearing in Open Court and Request for Suspension of the Tax Assessment for the 2004 year. The hearing was held and decision was issued on December 19, 2014. The Tax Court decided in favor of the Company and nullified the assessment by the Inland Revenue Agency for 2004. The Inland Revenue Agency appealed the decision of the Tax Court on June 12, 2015. The Company filed its counter appeal with respect to the 2004 year during September 2015. On February 26, 2016, the Regional Tax Court conducted the appeals hearing for the 2004 year, ruling in favor of the Company. On June 13, 2016, the Inland Revenue Agency appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. The Company filed a counter appeal on July 23, 2016 and is awaiting scheduling of the hearing. In June 2015, the Company filed with the Provincial Tax Court of Milan an appeal brief including a Request for Hearing in Open Court and Request for Suspension of the Tax Assessment for the 2005 through 2006 tax years. The hearing for suspension was held and the Request for Suspension of payment was granted. The hearing for the validity of the tax assessment for 2005 and 2006 was held in December 2015 with the Provincial Tax Court issuing its decision in favor of the Company. The Inland Revenue Agency filed its appeal with the Regional Tax Court. The Company filed its counter brief on September 30, 2016 and the hearing was held on March 22, 2017. A decision favorable to the Company was issued by the Court on July 5, 2017. The Italian Tax Authority has appealed the decision to the Supreme Court and the Company has responded with a counter appeal brief on December 3, 2017 and awaits scheduling of the hearing. The hearing for the validity of the tax assessment for 2007 was held on March 10, 2016 with the Provincial Tax Court who issued its decision in favor of the Company on April 7, 2016. The Inland Revenue Agency has filed its appeal to the Regional Tax Court and the Company has submitted its counter brief. The hearing was held on November 17, 2017 and the Company received a positive decision on December 11, 2017. On June 11, 2018, the Italian government filed its appeal brief with the Supreme Court, and the Company filed its counter brief on July 12, 2018 and awaits scheduling of the hearing. With respect to 2008 through 2010, the Company filed its appeal briefs with the Provincial Tax Court in October 2015 and the hearing for the validity of the tax assessments was held on April 21, 2016. A decision favorable to the Company was issued on May 12, 2016. The Inland Revenue Agency has filed its appeal to the Regional Tax Court. The Company filed its counter brief on February 5, 2017. The hearing was held on May 21, 2018, and the Company received a favorable decision on June 12, 2018. The decision has yet to be served to the Tax Office. The enactment of recent legislative actions that introduced a tax amnesty program (Law n. 136/2018) had the effect of suspending the Court decision for nine months. Accordingly, this effectively extends the Tax Office deadline for filing its appeal from January 12, 2019 to November 19, 2019. Other than the extension of the deadline, the impact of the amnesty program on the Company is unclear. With respect to 2011 through 2012, the Company has filed its appeal brief on February 26, 2016 with the Provincial Tax Court to contest the relevant tax assessments. The hearing for suspension was held and the Request for Suspension of payment was granted. On October 13, 2016, the Company filed its final brief with the Provincial Tax Court. The hearing was held on 99 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) October 24, 2016 and a decision favorable to the Company was issued by the Court. The Inland Revenue Agency appealed the decision before the Regional Tax Court on April 19, 2017. The Company filed its counter brief on June 16, 2017 and awaits the scheduling of the hearing. With regard to all tax years, it is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. Via Vadis v. NETGEAR, Inc. On August 22, 2014, the Company was sued by Via Vadis, LLC and AC Technologies, S.A. (“Via Vadis”), in the Western District of Texas. The complaint alleges that the Company’s ReadyNAS and Stora products “with built-in BitTorrent software" allegedly infringe three related patents of Via Vadis (U.S. Patent Nos. 7,904,680, RE40, 521, and 8,656,125). Via Vadis filed similar complaints against Belkin, Buffalo, Blizzard, D-Link, and Amazon. By referring to “built-in BitTorrent software,” the Company believes that the complaint is referring to the BitTorrent Sync application, which was released by BitTorrent Inc. in spring of 2014. At a high-level, the application allows file synchronization across multiple devices by storing the underlying files on multiple local devices, rather than on a centralized server. The Company’s ReadyNAS products do not include BitTorrent software when sold. The BitTorrent application is provided as one of a multitude of potential download options, but the software itself is not included on the Company’s devices when shipped. Therefore, the only viable allegation at this point is an indirect infringement allegation. On November 10, 2014, the Company answered the complaint denying that it infringes the patents in suit and also asserting the affirmative defenses that the patents in suit are invalid and barred by the equitable doctrines of laches, waiver, and/or estoppel. On February 6, 2015, the Company filed its motion to transfer venue from the Western District of Texas to the Northern District of California with the Court; on February 13, 2015, Via Vadis filed its opposition to the Company’s motion to transfer; and on February 20, 2015, the Company filed its reply brief on its motion to transfer. In early April 2015, the Company received the plaintiff’s infringement contentions, and on June 12, 2015, the defendants served invalidity contentions. On July 30, 2015, the Court granted the Company’s motion to transfer venue to the Northern District of California. In addition, the Company learned that Amazon and Blizzard filed petitions for the inter partes reviews (“IPRs”) for the patents in suit. On October 30, 2015, the Company and Via Vadis filed a joint stipulation requesting that the Court vacate all deadlines and enter a stay of all proceedings in the case pending the Patent Trial and Appeal Board’s final non- appealable decision on the IPRs initiated by Amazon and Blizzard. On November 2, 2015, the Court granted the requested stay. On March 8, 2016, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board issued written decisions instituting the IPRs jointly filed by Amazon and Blizzard. In early March of 2017, The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) issued various decisions regarding Amazon’s and Blizzard’s IPRs of the patents in suit. One of the IPRs of the '125 patent resulted in a finding by the PTAB that Amazon and Blizzard had had failed to show invalidity. The second IPR on the '125 patent, however, resulted in cancellation of all claims asserted in Via Vadis’s suit against the Company. Reissue '521 did not have any claims found invalid by the PTAB, and some dependent claims of the '680 patent survived the IPRs, and some claims of the '680 patent were canceled. The Northern District of California case against the Company remains stayed. It is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. Chrimar Systems, Inc. v NETGEAR, Inc. On July 1, 2015, the Company was sued by a non-practicing entity named Chrimar Systems, Inc., doing business as CMS Technologies and Chrimar Holding Company, LLC (collectively, “CMS”), in the Eastern District of Texas for allegedly infringing four patents-U.S. Patent Nos. 8,155,012 (the “'012 Patent”), entitled “System and method for adapting a piece of terminal equipment”; 8,942,107 (the “'107 Patent”), entitled “Piece of ethernet terminal equipment”; 8,902,760 (the “'760 Patent”), entitled “Network system and optional tethers”; and 9,019,838 (the “'838 Patent”), entitled “Central piece of network equipment” (collectively “patents-in-suit”). The patents-in-suit relate to using or embedding an electrical DC current or signal into an existing Ethernet communication link in order to transmit additional data about the devices on the communication link, and the specifications for the patents are identical. It appears that CMS has approximately 40 active cases in the Eastern District of Texas, as well as some cases in the Northern District of California on the patents-in-suit and the parent patent to the patents-in-suit. 100 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The Company answered the complaint on September 15, 2015. On November 24, 2015, CMS served its infringement contentions on the Company, and CMS is generally attempting to assert that the patents in suit cover the Power over Ethernet standard (802.3af and 802.3at) used by certain of the Company's products. On December 3, 2015, the Company filed with the Court a motion to transfer venue to the District Court for the Northern District of California and their memorandum of law in support thereof. On December 23, 2015, CMS filed its response to the Company’s motion to transfer, and, on January 8, 2016, the Company filed its reply brief in support of its motion to transfer venue. On January 15, 2016, the Court granted the Company’s motion to transfer venue to the District Court for the Northern District of California. The initial case management conference in the Northern District of California occurred on May 13, 2016, and on August 19, 2016, the parties exchanged preliminary claim constructions and extrinsic evidence. On August 26, 2016, the Company and three defendants in other Northern District of California CMS cases (Juniper Networks, Inc., Ruckus Wireless, Inc., and Fortinet, Inc.) submitted motions to stay their cases. The defendants in part argued that stays were appropriate pending the resolution of the currently-pending IPRs of the patents-in-suit before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB), including four IPR Petitions filed by Juniper. On September 9, 2016, CMS submitted its opposition to the motions to stay the cases. On September 26, 2016, the Court ordered the cases stayed in their entirety, until the PTAB reaches institution decisions with respect to Juniper’s four pending IPR petitions. Juniper’s four IPR petitions were instituted by the PTAB in January 2017, and the Company subsequently moved to join the IPR petitions as an “understudy” to Juniper, only assuming a more active role in the petitions in the event Juniper settles with CMS. For all four patents in suit against the Company, the PTAB ordered that (a) the Petitioners’ (the Company, Ruckus, and Brocade) Motion for Joinder to the Juniper IPRs is granted; (b) the Petitioners IPRs are instituted on the same grounds as in the Juniper ‘IPRs and Petitioners are joined with the Juniper IPRs; and (c) all further filings by Petitioners in the joined proceedings will be in the Juniper IPRs. On December 21, 2017, the PTAB issued the first of the four Final Written Decisions in the IPRs filed by the Company on the patents in suit, ruling that the claims of the ‘107 Patent asserted by Chrimar were invalid. This was quickly followed by two more Final Written Decisions -- on January 3, 2018, the ’838 patent’s asserted claims were ruled invalid, and on January 23, 2018 the ‘012 patent’s asserted claims were ruled invalid. Chrimar has 30 days from each Final Written Decision to seek a rehearing at the PTAB and 63 days from each to file an appeal. On April 26, 2018, the PTAB issued its decision invalidating all of the claims of the ‘760 patent challenged in the IPR. The PTAB’s reasoning was similar to the reasoning set forth in the PTAB’s previous decisions on the 012, 107 and 838 patents. The ‘760 patent claims were, however, amended by Chrimar during the pendency of the ‘760 IPR, and the PTAB did not rule on the validity of the amended claims, as they were not challenged in the original IPR Petitions (they couldn’t have been because the Chrimar amendments had not yet happened). On June 6, 2018, Chrimar’s appeals on all 4 written decisions by the USPTO invalidating all challenged claims were consolidated. The parties have completed briefing the matter and are awaiting schedule for oral argument. It is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. Vivato v. NETGEAR, Inc. On April 19, 2017, the Company was sued by XR Communications (d/b/a) Vivato (“Vivato”) in the United States District Court, Central District of California. Based on its complaint, Vivato purports to be a research and development and product company in the Wi-Fi area, but it appears that Vivato is not currently a manufacturer of commercial products. The three (3) patents that Vivato asserts against the Company are U.S. Patent Nos. 7,062,296, 7,729,728, and 6,611,231. The ’296 and ’728 patents are entitled “Forced Beam Switching in Wireless Communication Systems Having Smart Antennas.” The ’231 patent is entitled “Wireless Packet Switched Communication Systems and Networks Using Adaptively Steered Antenna Arrays.” Vivato also has recently asserted the same patents in the Central District of California against D-Link, Ruckus, and Aruba, among others. According to the complaint, the accused products include Wi-Fi access points and routers supporting MU-MIMO, including without limitation access points and routers utilizing the IEEE 802.11ac-2013 standard. The accused technology is standards-based, and more specifically, based on the transmit beamforming technology in the 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard. The Company answered an amended complaint on July 7, 2017. In its answer, the Company objected to venue and recited that objection as a specific affirmative defense, so as to expressly reserve the same. The Company also raised several other affirmative defenses in its answer. On August 28, 2017, the Company submitted its initial disclosures to the plaintiff. The initial scheduling conference was on October 2, 2017, and the Court set five day jury trial for March 19, 2019 for the leading Vivato/D-Link case, meaning the Company’s trial date will be at some point after March 19, 2019. Discovery in this case is ongoing. 101 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) On March 20, 2018, the Company and other defendants in the various Vivato cases moved the Court to stay the case pending various IPRs filed on all of the patents in suit. Every asserted claim of all three patents-in-suit is now subject to challenge in IPRs that are pending before the U.S. Patent and Trial Appeal Board (“PTAB”). In particular, the Company, Belkin, and Ruckus are filing one set of IPRs on the three patents in suit; Cisco is filing another set of independent IPRs on the three patents in suit; and Aruba is filing yet another set of independent IPRs on the three patents in suit. On April 11, 2018, the Court granted the motion to stay pending filing of the IPRs. On May 3, 2018, the Company and other defendants filed their IPRs. The case is stayed. It is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. Hera Wireless v. NETGEAR, Inc. On July 14, 2017, the Company was sued by Sisvel (via Hera Wireless) in the District of Delaware on three related patents allegedly covering the 802.11n standard. Similar complaints were filed against Amazon, ARRIS, Belkin, Buffalo, and Roku. On December 12, 2017, the Company answered the complaint, denying why each claim limitation of the patents in suit were allegedly met and asserting various affirmative defenses, including invalidity and noninfringement. A proposed joint Scheduling Order was submitted to the Court on January 24, 2018 with trial proposed for March of 2020. On February 27, 2018, Hera Wireless identified the accused products and the asserted claims, alleging that any 802.11n compliant product infringes, and identified only the Company’s Orbi and WND930 products with particularity. Hera Wireless’ infringement contentions were submitted on April 28, 2018. Discovery is ongoing. On June 28, 2018, the Company and other defendants submitted invalidity contentions. The Company along with other defendants jointly filed IPRs challenging 3 of the patents in suit on July 18, 2018. On September 14, 2018, the Company and other defendants jointly filed a second set of IPRs with the USPTO challenging the remaining 6 patents asserted in the Amended Complaint. It is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. MyMail v. NETGEAR, Inc. On August 25, 2017, the non-practicing entity MyMail Ltd. (“MyMail”) sued the Company for patent infringement in the District of Delaware. This is MyMail’s third round of cases, starting in November 2016, and, in this round, MyMail also filed against Ricoh, Panasonic, Acer, and TCL Communications. MyMail is accusing essentially all the Company’s routers and range extenders of infringing claim 5 of U.S. Patent 8,732,318 (the ‘318 patent), entitled “Method of Connecting a User to a Network.” Claim 5 of the ’318 Patent describes a method for modifying network access information and then accessing the network using the modified information. MyMail is specifically accusing the Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) function of the accused routers and range extenders. On December 7, 2017, the Company answered the complaint. In addition to denying that each claim limitation of patents in suit is met, the Company also asserted various affirmative defenses, including invalidity and noninfringement. The parties submitted their jointly proposed scheduling order to the Court on January 11, 2018, which the Court generally adopted in its Scheduling Order of January 17, 2018. The Scheduling Order set the trial to begin on December 2, 2019. Discovery is ongoing. On February 19, 2018, MyMail submitted its list of accused products. Most Arlo-branded products and the Company’s router products were listed. MyMail’s initial infringement contentions were submitted on April 20, 2018. The parties have settled and the case was dismissed on January 22, 2019, with non-material impact on the Company. Fischer v. NETGEAR, Inc. On June 4, 2018, Plaintiff Rob Fischer filed a purported class-action complaint in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Ill, alleging the Company’s Range Extender does not extend the range of a consumer’s Wi-Fi network as shown in a diagram in a data sheet. On August 3, 2018, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the case and a hearing was held on November 29, 2018, where the motion was denied. The Company filed its Answer on December 27, 2018 . 102 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) It is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. Be Labs v. NETGEAR, Inc. On July 11, 2018, Be Labs sued the Company for patent infringement in the District Court of Delaware. The complaint alleges that NETGEAR’s wireless distribution systems infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 7,827,581 (“the ’581 patent”) and 9,344,183 (“the ’183 patent”). The Company’s deadline to answer the Complaint has been extended to November 12, 2018. The parties have settled and the case was dismissed on November 13, 2018, with non-material impact on the Company. Modern Telecom Systems (MTS) v. NETGEAR, Inc. On August 3, 2018, Plaintiff MTS filed a patent infringement lawsuit against NETGEAR in the District of Delaware. MTS accuses all of NETGEAR’s routers that are compliant with those 802.11 standards of infringing U.S. Patent No. 6,504,886 (“the ’886 Patent”), and specifically identifies NETGEAR’s Nighthawk X10 Smart Wi-Fi Router. The Company filed its Answer on January 4, 2019. It is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. Mentone Solutions v. NETGEAR, Inc. On October 31, 2018, Mentone Solutions LLC filed a patent infringement suit against the Company in the District of Delaware, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,952,413 (the ’413 patent). Mentone alleges NETGEAR’s LTE Modem LB2120 device, and in particular the device’s dual carrier HSPA+ (“DC- HSPA+”) capability infringes the ’413 patent. The Company’s Answer is due February 21, 2019. It is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. John Pham v. Arlo Technologies, Inc., NETGEAR Inc., et al., Chirag Patel v. Arlo Technologies, Inc., NETGEAR, Inc., et al., Athanasios Perros v. NETGEAR, Inc., et al., and Ashot Vardanian et al. v. Arlo Technologies, Inc., NETGEAR, Inc., et al. On January 9, 2019 and January 10, 2019, February 1, 2019 and February 8, 2019, the Company was sued in four separate securities class action suits in Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara, along with Arlo Technologies, individuals, and underwriters involved in the spin-off of Arlo. All four complaints allege violations of the Securities Act of 1933 based on statements made in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC. It is too early to reasonably estimate any financial impact to the Company resulting from this litigation matter. Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity Stock Repurchases From time to time, the Company's Board of Directors has authorized programs under which the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock, depending on market conditions, in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Under the authorizations, the timing and actual number of shares subject to repurchase are at the discretion of management and are contingent on a number of factors, such as levels of cash generation from operations, cash requirements for acquisitions and the price of the Company’s common stock. As of December 31, 2018 , 1.5 million shares remained authorized for repurchase under the repurchase program. The Company repurchased, as reported based on trade date, shares of approximately 0.5 million common stock at a cost of $30.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 . During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company repurchased, as reported based on trade date, approximately 2.4 million shares of common stock at a cost of $113.2 million and approximately 0.9 million shares of common stock at a cost of $38.3 million , respectively. The Company repurchased, as reported based on trade date, approximately 138,000 shares of common stock at a cost of $8.1 million , to administratively facilitate the withholding and subsequent remittance of personal income and payroll taxes for individuals receiving RSUs during the year ended December 31, 2018 . Similarly, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the 103 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Company repurchased, as reported based on trade date, approximately 135,000 shares of common stock at a cost of $6.4 million and 105,000 shares of common stock at a cost of $4.7 million , respectively, to facilitate tax withholding for RSUs. These shares were retired upon repurchase. The Company’s policy related to repurchases of its common stock is to charge the excess of cost over par value to retained earnings. All repurchases were made in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The following table sets forth the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") by component during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : Balance as of December 31, 2015 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Less: Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) Balance as of December 31, 2016 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Less: Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) Balance as of December 31, 2017 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Less: Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) Distribution of Arlo Balance as of December 31, 2018 Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives Estimated tax benefit (provision) Total (64) $ 33 — 33 (In thousands) 43 $ 3,007 820 2,187 24 $ (572) (287) (285) (31) $ 2,230 $ (261) $ (115) — (115) (146) $ 128 — 128 — (10,692) (7,624) (3,068) (838) $ 1,422 588 834 (4) (18) $ (8) $ 3,062 2,668 394 133 (249) (123) (126) 4 11 $ $ 3 2,468 533 1,935 1,938 (7,745) (4,956) (2,789) (851) 1,301 465 836 — (15) $ $ $ $ 104 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The following tables provide details about significant amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : 2018 2017 2016 Year Ended December 31, Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components Amount Reclassified from AOCI Affected Line Item in the Statements of Operations Amount Reclassified from AOCI Affected Line Item in the Statements of Operations Amount Reclassified from AOCI Affected Line Item in the Statements of Operations Gains (losses) on cash flow hedge: Foreign currency forward contracts $ 665 Net revenue $ (5,786) Net revenue $ 850 Net revenue (In thousands) Foreign currency forward contracts (9) Cost of revenue Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Foreign currency forward contracts Total, from continuing operations before income taxes Tax impact from continuing operations Total, from continuing operations net of tax Total, from discontinued operations net of tax Total, net of tax $ Note 12. Employee Benefit Plans 2003 Stock Plan Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total from continuing operations before tax Tax impact from continuing operations Total, from continuing operations net of tax Total, from discontinued operations net of tax 83 (102) (53) 584 (123) 461 4 465 18 Cost of revenue Research and development 130 (6) Cost of revenue Research and development (55) 788 Sales and marketing (189) Sales and marketing General and administrative 133 General and administrative (30) Total from continuing operations before tax (4,717) Total from continuing operations before tax 570 1,651 Tax impact from continuing operations Tax impact from continuing operations (200) Total, from continuing operations net of tax (3,066) Total, from discontinued operations net of tax (1,890) $ (4,956) $ Total, from continuing operations net of tax Total, from discontinued operations net of tax 370 163 533 In April 2003, the Company adopted the 2003 Stock Plan (the “2003 Plan”). The 2003 Plan provided for the granting of stock options to employees and consultants of the Company. During the second fiscal quarter of 2013, the Company's 2003 Stock Plan expired. No further equity awards can be granted under the 2003 Plan. Outstanding awards under the 2003 Stock Plan remain subject to the terms and conditions of the 2003 plan. 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan In April 2006, the Company adopted the 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”). The 2006 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance awards and other stock awards, to eligible directors, employees and consultants of the Company. The Company's 2006 Plan expired on April 13, 2016 by its terms. No further equity awards can be granted under the 2006 Plan. Outstanding awards under the 2006 Stock Plan remain subject to the terms and conditions of the 2006 plan. 105 Table of Contents 2016 Equity Incentive Plan NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) In April 2016, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2016 Plan") which was approved by the Company's stockholders at the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on June 3, 2016. The 2016 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units to eligible directors, employees and consultants of the Company. Award vesting periods for this plan are generally four years . The original maximum aggregate number of shares that could be issued under the 2016 Plan was 2.5 million Shares, plus (i) any shares that were available for grant under the Company’s 2006 Plan as of immediately prior to the 2006 Plan's expiration by its terms, which was 699,827 shares, plus (ii) any shares granted under the 2006 Plan that expire, are forfeited to or repurchased by the Company. In May 2018, the Company adopted amendments to the 2016 Plan which increased the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued under the 2016 plan by an additional 1.7 million shares. As of December 31, 2018 , upon the Distribution, approximately 1.7 million shares remained available for future grants under the 2016 Plan. In January 2019, the Company received the approval from its Compensation Committee to increase the number of shares that the Company may be issued under the 2016 plan to a new total of 3.1 million shares, pursuant to the adjustment provisions of the 2016 Plan as a result of the Distribution. Options granted under the 2016 Plan may be either incentive stock options or nonstatutory stock options. Incentive stock options (“ISO”) may be granted only to Company employees (including officers and directors who are also employees). Nonstatutory stock options (“NSO”) may be granted to Company employees, directors and consultants. Options may be granted for periods of up to ten years and at prices no less than the estimated fair value of the common stock on the date of grant. In addition, the exercise price of an ISO granted to a 10% shareholder shall not be less than 110% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2016 Plan generally vest over four years , the first tranche at the end of twelve months and the remaining shares underlying the option vesting monthly over the remaining three years . Stock Appreciation Rights may be granted under the 2016 Plan subject to the terms specified by the plan administrator, provided that the term of any such right may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The exercise price may not be less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Restricted stock awards may be granted under the 2016 Plan subject to the terms specified by the plan administrator. The period over which any restricted award may fully vest is generally no less than three years . Restricted stock awards are nonvested stock awards that may include grants of restricted stock or grants of restricted stock units. Restricted stock awards are rights to acquire or purchase shares that generally are subject to transferability and forfeitability restrictions for a specified period. Restricted stock has the same voting rights as other common stock and is considered to be currently issued and outstanding. Restricted stock units do not have the voting rights of common stock, and the shares underlying the restricted stock units are not considered issued and outstanding. The Company expenses the cost of the restricted stock awards, which is determined to be the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant, ratably over the period during which the restrictions lapse. Performance units and performance shares are awards that result in a payment to a participant only if specified performance objectives or other vesting provisions are achieved during a specified performance period. Each performance unit will have an initial value established by the Administrator on or before the grant date. Each performance share will have an initial value equal to the fair market value of a share on the grant date. The plan administrator will determine the number of performance awards that will be granted and will establish the performance goals and other conditions for payment of such performance awards. The period of measuring the achievement of performance goals will be specified by an award agreement. Other stock or cash awards may be granted under the 2016 Plan subject to the terms specified by the plan administrator. Any shares subject to restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, or performance shares awarded under the 2016 Plan will be counted against the shares available for issuance under the 2016 Plan as one and fifty-eight hundredths ( 1.58 ) shares for every one share subject to such awards. Any shares of common stock subject to an award that is forfeited, settled in cash, expires or is otherwise settled without the issuance of shares shall again be available for awards under the 2016 Plan. Additionally, any shares that are tendered by a participant of the 2016 Plan or retained by the Company as full or partial payment to the Company for the purchase of an award or to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with an award shall no longer again be made available for issuance under the 2016 Plan. 106 Table of Contents Employee Stock Purchase Plan NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The Company sponsors an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), pursuant to which eligible employees may contribute up to 10% of compensation, subject to certain income limits, to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Prior to February 16, 2016, employees could purchase stock semi-annually at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value on the purchase date. Beginning February 16, 2016, the terms of the plan include a look-back feature that enables employees to purchase stock semi-annually at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or the purchase date. The duration of each offering period is generally six -months. In April 2016, the Company approved an amendment to the plan to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for sale under the plan by 1.0 million shares to a total of 2.0 million shares. For the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , the Company recognized ESPP compensation expense of $1.4 million , $1.2 million and $1.1 million , respectively. 124,000 shares of common stock were purchased at an average exercise price of $54.40 in fiscal 2018 . As of December 31, 2018 , 0.7 million shares were reserved for future issuance under the ESPP. Modifications of Equity Awards In connection with Arlo's Distribution on December 31, 2018, under the provisions of the existing plans, the Company adjusted its outstanding equity awards in accordance with the terms of the Employee Matters Agreement (equitable adjustment) to preserve the intrinsic value of the awards immediately before and after the Distribution. Upon the Distribution, employees holding stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs") denominated in pre-Distribution NETGEAR stock received a number of otherwise-similar awards in post-Distribution NETGEAR stock and/or Arlo stock based on the conversion ratios outlined for each group of employees in the Employee Matters Agreement that the Company entered into in connection with the Distribution. For purposes of the vesting of these equity awards, continued employment or service with NETGEAR or with Arlo is treated as continued employment for purposes of both NETGEAR's and Arlo's equity awards and the vesting terms of each converted grant remained unchanged. As of December 31, 2018, the employees participating in the ESPP plan were all NETGEAR employees. There were no changes to the plan terms described above with the exception that the price on the grant date, or August 16, 2018, was adjusted to exclude the value of Arlo based on the conversion ratios applied to other equity awards. Due to the modification of the equity awards as a result of the Distribution, the Company compared the fair value of the outstanding equity awards immediately before and after the Distribution and no incremental fair value was recognized as a result of the above adjustments due to immateriality. 107 Table of Contents Option Activity NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 was as follows: Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 1 Granted 1 Exercised 1 Expired 1 Equitable adjustment - options granted 2 Equitable adjustment - options cancelled 2 Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2018 Vested and expected to vest Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) (In dollars) (In years) (In thousands) 1,879 $ 378 (289) (6) 1,969 (1,962) 1,969 $ 34.08 69.70 23.76 21.45 25.30 42.50 25.30 6.29 $ 17,338 1,969 $ 1,230 $ 25.30 20.53 6.29 $ 4.94 $ 17,338 14,511 Exercisable Options _________________________ (1) Weighted average exercise price was calculated using exercise price prior to the Distribution. (2) The equitable adjustments represented equity awards modifications upon the Distribution discussed above. The aggregate intrinsic values in the table above represent the total pre-tax intrinsic values (the difference between the Company’s adjusted closing stock price on the last trading day of 2018 , or December 31, 2018, and the adjusted exercise price per the equity awards modification described above, multiplied by the number of shares underlying the in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2018 . The Company’s adjusted closing price on December 31, 2018 was calculated by Nasdaq to exclude the value of Arlo following the Distribution. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. Total intrinsic value of options exercised for the year ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $11.0 million , $7.7 million and $14.5 million , respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $3.8 million , $3.8 million and $4.2 million , respectively. 108 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable stock options as of December 31, 2018 : Range of Exercise Prices $7.28 - $19.32 $19.33 - $20.98 $21.86 - $25.37 $29.23 - $38.32 $41.67 - $41.67 $7.28 - $41.67 RSU Activity Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share Shares Outstanding Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share Shares Exercisable (In thousands) (In years) (In dollars) (In thousands) (In dollars) 512 418 633 50 356 5.05 $ 3.12 7.58 9.27 9.07 1,969 6.29 $ 18.47 20.04 24.36 34.68 41.67 25.30 479 $ 417 328 6 — 1,230 $ 18.46 20.04 24.00 29.23 — 20.53 RSU activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 was as follows: Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 1 Granted 1 Vested 1 Cancelled 1 Equitable adjustment - granted 2 Equitable adjustment - cancelled 2 Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share (In thousands) (In dollars) 1,130 $ 971 (439) (89) 1,627 (1,573) $ 1,627 $ 43.22 67.78 41.24 55.66 34.31 58.23 34.31 _________________________ (1) Weighted average grant date fair value was calculated using grant date fair value prior to the Distribution. (2) The equitable adjustments represented equity awards modifications upon the Distribution discussed above. The total fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 was $25.7 million , $19.5 million and $15.4 million , respectively. The grant date fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 was $18.1 million , $14.6 million and $10.8 million , respectively. Valuation and Expense Information The Company measures stock-based compensation at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Estimated compensation cost relating to RSUs is based on the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Prior to February 16, 2016, the fair value of ESPP is based on the 15% discount at purchase, since the price of the shares is determined at the purchase date. The fair value of options granted and the shares offered under the ESPP commencing February 16, 2016 is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. The estimated expected term of options granted is derived from historical data on employee exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The risk free interest rate of options granted and the purchase rights granted under the ESPP is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury securities with a remaining term commensurate with the estimated expected term. Expected volatility of options granted and the purchase rights granted under the ESPP is based on historical volatility over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term. 109 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The following table sets forth the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value option grants and purchase rights granted under the ESPP during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : Expected life (in years) Risk-free interest rate Expected volatility Dividend yield 2018 2017 2016 2018 Year Ended December 31, Stock Options 4.4 2.36% 31.1% — 4.4 1.66% 31.6% — 4.4 1.28% 35.4% — 0.5 2.00% 37.9% — 2017 ESPP 0.5 0.93% 29.7% — 2016 0.5 0.43% 38.3% — The above table does not include the impacts of the equitable adjustment resulting from the Distribution discussed above. The weighted average estimated fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 was $20.63 , $12.35 and $12.28 , respectively. The following table sets forth the stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options, restricted stock awards, and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations: Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) 2,435 $ 1,406 $ 4,283 8,267 11,476 2,968 5,481 9,114 1,473 2,726 4,934 8,008 26,461 $ 18,969 $ 17,141 $ $ The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the award vesting term of four years . Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. Total stock-based compensation cost capitalized in inventory was less than $0.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . As of December 31, 2018 , $8.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years. As of December 31, 2018 , $45.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested awards, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel all or a portion of the remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense. 401(k) Plan In April 2000, the Company adopted the NETGEAR 401(k) Plan to which employees may contribute up to 100% of salary subject to the legal maximum. In the first fiscal quarter of 2012, the Company began matching 50% of contributions for employees that remain active with the Company through the end of the fiscal year, up to a maximum of $6,000 in employee contributions. During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 the Company recognized $0.9 million , $0.8 million and $0.8 million , respectively, in expenses related to the 401(k) match. Note 13. Segment Information Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available and is regularly evaluated by management, namely the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) of an organization, in order to determine operating and resource allocation decisions. By this definition, the Company has identified its CEO as the CODM. 110 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) As of December 31, 2018 upon completion of the Distribution, the Company operates and reports in two segments: Connected Home and SMB: • Connected Home: Focused on consumers and consists of high-performance, dependable and easy-to-use 4G/5G mobile, Wi-Fi internet networking solutions and smart devices such as Orbi Voice smart speakers and Meural digital canvas; and • SMB: Focused on small and medium-sized businesses and consists of business networking, storage, wireless LAN and security solutions that bring enterprise-class functionality to small and medium-sized businesses at an affordable price. The Company believes that this structure reflects its current operational and financial management, and provides the best structure for the Company to focus on growth opportunities while maintaining financial discipline. The leadership team of each segment focused on the product development efforts, both from a product marketing and engineering standpoint, to service the unique needs of their customers. The results of the reportable segments are derived directly from the Company’s management reporting system. The results are based on the Company’s method of internal reporting and are not necessarily in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Management measures the performance of each segment based on several metrics, including contribution income. Segment contribution income includes all product line segment revenues less the related cost of sales, research and development and sales and marketing costs. Contribution income is used, in part, to evaluate the performance of, and allocate resources to, each of the segments. Certain operating expenses are not allocated to segments because they are separately managed at the corporate level. These unallocated indirect costs include corporate costs, such as corporate research and development, corporate marketing expense and general and administrative costs, amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation expense, separation expenses, restructuring and other charges, litigation reserves, net, interest income and other income (expense), net. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information. 111 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Financial information for each reportable segment and a reconciliation of segment contribution income to income before income taxes is as follows : Net revenue: Connected Home SMB Total net revenue Contribution income: Connected Home Connected Home contribution margin SMB SMB contribution margin Total segment contribution income Corporate and unallocated costs Amortization of intangibles (1) Stock-based compensation expense Separation expenses Restructuring and other charges Litigation reserves, net Interest income Other income (expense), net Income before income taxes Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands, except percentage data) 771,060 287,756 768,261 270,908 846,929 296,516 $ 1,058,816 $ 1,039,169 $ 1,143,445 96,340 12.5% 70,142 24.4% 166,482 (90,186) (7,979) (26,461) (929) (2,198) (15) 3,980 510 83,870 10.9% 63,865 23.6% 147,735 (75,305) (10,663) (18,969) — (97) (148) 2,114 1,557 138,997 16.4% 72,539 24.5% 211,536 (69,623) (15,361) (17,141) — (3,841) (73) 1,164 (166) $ 43,204 $ 46,224 $ 106,495 _________________________ (1) Amount excludes amortization expense related to patents within purchased intangibles in cost of revenue. The following table shows net revenue from service provider customers within each of the reportable segments for the periods indicated: Connected Home SMB (In thousands) 156,671 3,624 190,186 3,268 Total service provider net revenue $ 160,295 $ 193,454 $ 249,980 4,175 254,155 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 112 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Operations by Geographic Region The Company conducts business across three geographic regions: Americas, EMEA and APAC. Net revenue consists of gross product shipments and service revenue, less allowances for estimated sales returns for stock rotation and warranty, price protection, end-user customer rebates and other channel sales incentives deemed to be a reduction of net revenue per the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition, and net changes in deferred revenue. For reporting purposes revenue is generally attributed to each geographic region based on the location of the customer. The following table shows net revenue by geography for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : United States (U.S.) Americas (excluding U.S.) EMEA APAC Total net revenue Long-lived assets by Geographic Area Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) 686,145 $ 648,152 $ 14,548 207,599 150,524 16,937 197,074 177,006 713,178 21,802 217,554 190,911 1,058,816 $ 1,039,169 $ 1,143,445 $ $ Long-lived assets include purchased intangibles, goodwill and property and equipment. The Company's property and equipment are located in the following geographic locations: United States Canada EMEA China APAC (excluding China) Total property and equipment, net Significant Customers As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 $ $ (In thousands) 4,993 $ 7,735 $ 4,359 95 7,652 3,078 1,745 140 5,130 2,599 9,274 2,745 206 4,218 1,704 20,177 $ 17,349 $ 18,147 Two customers, primarily within the Connected Home segment, accounted for 17% and 15% of net revenue in the year ended December 31, 2018 , respectively. Two customers, primarily within the Connected Home segment, accounted for 16% and 13% of net revenue in the year ended December 31, 2017 , respectively. Two customers, primarily within the Connected Home segment, accounted for 15% and 12% of net revenue in the year ended December 31, 2016 , respectively. Note 14. Fair Value Measurements The Company determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; 113 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). The following tables summarize assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Assets: Cash equivalents: money-market funds Available-for-sale debt investments: U.S. treasuries (1) Available-for-sale investments: certificates of deposit (1) Trading securities: mutual funds (1) Foreign currency forward contracts (2) Total assets measured at fair value Liabilities: Foreign currency forward contracts (3) Contingent consideration (4) Total liabilities measured at fair value $ $ $ $ As of December 31, 2018 Quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1) Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) Total 22,573 $ 70,314 149 2,854 786 (In thousands) 22,573 $ — — 2,854 — — $ 70,314 149 — 786 96,676 $ 25,427 $ 71,249 $ 368 $ 5,953 6,321 $ — $ — — $ 368 $ — 368 $ — — — — — — — 5,953 5,953 _________________________ (1) (2) (3) (4) Included in Short-term investments on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Included in Other accrued liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Included in Other non-current accrued liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with the acquisition of Meural that is contingent upon the achievement of certain technical and service revenue milestones. Refer to Note 4, Business Acquisition , regarding detailed disclosures on the determination of fair value of the contingent consideration. 114 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Assets: Cash equivalents: money-market funds Available-for-sale debt investments: U.S. treasuries (1) Available-for-sale investments: certificates of deposit (1) Trading securities: mutual funds (1) Foreign currency forward contracts (2) Total assets measured at fair value Liabilities: Foreign currency forward contracts (3) Total liabilities measured at fair value $ $ $ $ As of December 31, 2017 Quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1) Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) (In thousands) Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) 12,606 $ — $ — — 2,094 — 124,670 162 — 1,799 Total 12,606 $ 124,670 162 2,094 1,799 141,331 $ 14,700 $ 126,631 $ 8,192 $ 8,192 $ — $ — $ 8,192 $ 8,192 $ — — — — — — — — _________________________ (1) Included in Short-term investments on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Included in Other accrued liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. (2) (3) The Company's investments in cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts with only those counterparties that have long- term credit ratings of A-/A3 or higher. The Company's foreign currency forward contracts are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as they are valued using pricing models that take into account the contract terms as well as currency rates and counterparty credit rates. The Company verifies the reasonableness of these pricing models using observable market data for related inputs into such models. Additionally, the Company includes an adjustment for non-performance risk in the recognized measure of fair value of derivative instruments. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the adjustment for non-performance risk did not have a material impact on the fair value of the Company's foreign currency forward contracts. The carrying value of non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Note 15. Restructuring and Other Charges The Company accounts for its restructuring plans under the authoritative guidance for exit or disposal activities. The Company presents expenses related to restructuring and other charges as a separate line item in the consolidated statements of operations. Accrued restructuring and Other charges are classified within other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Restructuring and other charges recognized in fiscal 2018 were primarily for severance, and other costs in relation to certain office closures and downsizes. No significant restructuring and other charges were recognized during fiscal 2017. Restructuring and other charges recognized in 2016 related primarily to resize our former commercial segment and former service provider segment. Charges incurred in 2016 primarily related to severance, other one-time termination benefits and other associated costs. Amounts attributable to lease contract termination charges will be paid over the remaining lease term until January 2022 . 115 Table of Contents NETGEAR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) The following table provides a summary of accrued restructuring and other charges activity for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : Employee termination charges Lease contract termination and other charges Total Balance as of December 31, 2015 Additions (1) Cash payments Adjustments Balance as of December 31, 2016 Additions Cash payments Balance as of December 31, 2017 Additions Cash payments Adjustments Balance as of December 31, 2018 $ $ 13 $ 3,086 (2,902) (191) 6 — — 6 1,789 (1,010) (10) 775 $ (In thousands) 1,253 $ 629 (480) — 1,402 97 (370) 1,129 464 (1,403) (45) 145 $ 1,266 3,715 (3,382) (191) 1,408 97 (370) 1,135 2,253 (2,413) (55) 920 _________________________ (1) Total restructuring and other charges recognized in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 included non-cash charges and adjustments, net of $0.3 million . This amount has been excluded from the table above. 116 Table of Contents QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (In thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited) The following table presents unaudited quarterly financial information for each of the Company’s last eight quarters. This information has been derived from the Company’s unaudited financial statements and has been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all necessary adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, have been included to state fairly the quarterly results. Net revenue Gross profit Provision for income taxes Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) per share - basic: Income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) per share - diluted: Income from continuing operations Net income (loss) per share attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net revenue Gross profit Provision for income taxes Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net income (loss) Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) per share - basic: Income from continuing operations Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. Net income (loss) per share - diluted: Income from continuing operations Net income (loss) attributable to NETGEAR, Inc. December 31, 2018 September 30, 2018 July 1, 2018 April 1, 2018 288,928 $ 269,411 $ 90,654 $ 19,210 $ (535) $ (27,839) $ (19,471) $ (0.02) $ (0.62) $ (0.02) $ (0.62) $ 94,445 $ 5,483 $ 16,310 $ 9,150 $ 9,949 $ 0.51 $ 0.31 $ 0.49 $ 0.30 $ 255,276 $ 80,280 $ 1,271 $ 533 $ (5,230) $ (5,230) $ 0.02 $ (0.17) $ 0.02 $ (0.16) $ 245,201 76,319 (86) 1,018 5,590 5,590 0.03 0.18 0.03 0.17 December 31, 2017 October 1, 2017 July 2, 2017 April 2, 2017 274,149 $ 76,129 $ 48,496 $ (41,778) $ (31,934) $ (31,934) $ (1.33) $ (1.02) $ (1.33) $ (1.02) $ 251,950 $ 76,096 $ 950 $ 9,624 $ 20,794 $ 20,794 $ 0.30 $ 0.66 $ 0.30 $ 0.64 $ 251,685 $ 75,380 $ 3,061 $ 9,989 $ 14,582 $ 14,582 $ 0.31 $ 0.45 $ 0.30 $ 0.44 $ 261,385 80,111 4,850 11,032 15,994 15,994 0.33 0.49 0.32 0.47 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 117 Table of Contents Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 . In making this assessment, our management used the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), issued by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on management’s assessment using those criteria, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018 . The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Except for the implementation of certain internal controls related to the separation and distribution of Arlo Technologies, Inc., and the adoption of the lease accounting standard (Topic 842), t here were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2018 that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We implemented new controls as part of the separation and distribution of Arlo Technologies, Inc. We implemented these internal controls to ensure we appropriately accounted for and disclosed the separation of Arlo Technologies, Inc. in our financial statements. We implemented new controls as part of our effort to adopt Topic 842. The adoption of Topic 842 requires the implementation of new accounting processes which changed our internal controls over lease accounting and financial reporting. We have completed the design of these controls and they have been implemented as of January 1, 2019. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Based on an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management (including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer), our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Item 9B. Other Information None. 118 Table of Contents PART III Certain information required by Part III is incorporated herein by reference from our proxy statement related to our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“Proxy Statement”), which we intend to file no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information required by this Item concerning our directors, executive officers, standing committees and procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors, is incorporated by reference to the sections of our Proxy Statement under the headings “Information Concerning the Nominees and Incumbent Directors,” “Board and Committee Meetings,” “Audit Committee” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and to the information contained in the section captioned “Executive Officers of the Registrant” included under Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer and senior financial officers, as required by the SEC. The current version of our Code of Ethics can be found on our Internet site at http://www.netgear.com. Additional information required by this Item regarding our Code of Ethics is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the section captioned “Corporate Governance Policies and Practices” in our Proxy Statement. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Ethics by posting such information on our website at http://www.netgear.com within four business days following the date of such amendment or waiver. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the sections of our Proxy Statement under the headings “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation,” “Director Compensation,” “Fiscal Year 2018 Director Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.” Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The additional information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the section captioned “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our Proxy Statement. The additional information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the section captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Proxy Statement. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the section captioned “Election of Directors” and “Related Party Transactions” in our Proxy Statement. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information required by this Item related to audit fees and services is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the section captioned “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” appearing in our Proxy Statement. 119 Table of Contents PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules (a) The following documents are filed as part of this report: (1) Financial Statements. The following consolidated financial statements of NETGEAR, Inc. are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (2) Financial Statement Schedule (Valuation and Qualifying Accounts) for the three years ended December 31, 2018. Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts* Balance at Beginning of Year Other Additions Deductions (In thousands) Page 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 117 Page 120 Balance at End of Year Allowance for doubtful accounts: Year ended December 31, 2018 Year ended December 31, 2017 Year ended December 31, 2016 Allowance for sales returns: Year ended December 31, 2018 Year ended December 31, 2017 Year ended December 31, 2016 Allowance for price protection: Year ended December 31, 2018 Year ended December 31, 2017 Year ended December 31, 2016 $ $ $ 1,050 $ 1,049 1,049 $ — — — 50 $ 99 60 154 $ (98) (60) 14,321 $ (14,321) ** $ — $ — $ 10,602 14,298 — — 26,419 19,892 (22,700) (23,588) 3,245 $ (3,245) ** $ — $ — $ 4,185 2,107 — — 7,149 11,728 (8,089) (9,650) 1,254 1,050 1,049 — 14,321 10,602 — 3,245 4,185 _______________________ * Upon Arlo's Distribution on December 31, 2018, Arlo’s historical financial results for periods prior to its Distribution were reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations and these schedules represent the results from continuing operations. Refer to Note 3. Discontinued Operations , for additional information on Arlo's Distribution. ** Upon adoption of ASC 606, allowances for sales returns and price protection were reclassified to current liabilities as these reserve balances are considered refund liabilities. Refer to Note 2. Revenue Recognition , for additional information on the adoption impact. All other schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, or the required information is otherwise included. 120 Table of Contents (3) Exhibits. INDEX TO EXHIBITS Exhibit Number 2.1 3.1 3.2 4.1 10.1 10.2# 10.3# 10.4# 10.5# 10.6# 10.7# 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* 10.11 10.11a 10.11b 10.12# 10.12a# 10.13# 10.13a# 10.14# 10.14a# 10.16# 10.17# 10.18# 10.19# 10.20# 10.21# 10.22# 10.23# 10.24# 10.25# 10.26# Exhibit Description Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 28, 2013, by and among the registrant, NETGEAR Holdings Limited, NETGEAR International Limited, NETGEAR Canada Limited, NETGEAR Australia PTY, LTD, Sierra Wireless, Inc., Sierra Wireless America, Inc. and Sierra Wireless (Australia) PTY LTD Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant Form of registrant's common stock certificate Form of Indemnification Agreement for directors and officers 2003 Stock Plan and forms of agreements thereunder, as amended 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder 2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended Amended and Restated 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder NETGEAR, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan NETGEAR, Inc. Executive Bonus Plan, as amended and restated April 1, 2013 Warehousing Agreement, dated July 5, 2001, between the registrant and APL Logistics Americas, Ltd. Distribution Operations Agreement, dated April 27, 2001, between the registrant and DSV Solutions B.V. (formerly Furness Logistics BV) Distribution Operations Agreement, dated December 1, 2001, between the registrant and Kerry Logistics (Hong Kong) Limited Office Lease, dated as of September 25, 2007, by and between the registrant and BRE/Plumeria, LLC First Amendment to Office Lease, dated as of April 23, 2008, by and between the registrant and BRE/Plumeria, LLC Second Amendment to Office Lease, dated June 25, 2015, by and between the registrant and KBSII/Plumeria, LLC Offer Letter, dated December 3, 1999, between the registrant and Patrick C.S. Lo Amendment to Offer Letter, dated December 23, 2008, between the registrant and Patrick C.S. Lo Offer Letter, dated December 9, 1999, between the registrant and Mark G. Merrill Amendment to Offer Letter, dated December 28, 2008, between the registrant and Mark G. Merrill Employment Agreement, dated October 18, 2002, between the registrant and Michael F. Falcon Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated December 29, 2008, between the registrant and Michael F. Falcon Change of Control and Severance Agreement, dated October 5, 2009, between the registrant and Andrew W. Kim Employment Agreement, dated July 8, 2013, between the registrant and John P. McHugh Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated December 30, 2008, between the registrant and Michael A. Werdann Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated October 1, 2015, between the registrant and Michael A. Werdann Form of Senior Vice President Change of Control and Severance Agreement Form of Change in Control and Severance Agreement (Chief Executive Officer) Form of Change in Control and Severance Agreement (Certain Other Executive Officers) Master Separation Agreement, by and between NETGEAR, Inc. and Arlo Technologies, Inc., dated as of August 2, 2018 Transition Services Agreement, by and between NETGEAR, Inc. and Arlo Technologies, Inc., dated as of August 2, 2018 Tax Matters Agreement, by and between NETGEAR, Inc. and Arlo Technologies, Inc., dated as of August 2, 2018 Employee Matters Agreement, by and between NETGEAR, Inc. and Arlo Technologies, Inc., dated as of August 2, 2018 121 Form 10-K 10-Q 8-K S-1/A S-1 10-K S-8 S-8 S-8 8-K DEF14A S-1/A S-1/A S-1/A 8-K 10-Q 10-K S-1 10-K S-1 10-K S-1 10-K 10-Q 8-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-Q 10-Q 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K Incorporated by Reference Date 2/26/2013 Number 10.35 Filed Herewith 8/4/2017 4/20/2018 7/14/2003 4/10/2003 2/26/2013 5/31/2018 6/3/2016 6/6/2014 4/5/2013 4/16/2013 4/21/2003 4/21/2003 4/21/2003 9/27/2007 5/9/2008 3.1 3.2 4.1 10.1 10.3 99.1 99.2 4.3 10.1 Appendix A 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.1 10.1 2/19/2016 10.11B 4/10/2003 3/4/2009 4/10/2003 3/4/2009 4/10/2003 3/4/2009 5/6/2014 7/11/2013 3/4/2009 2/19/2016 2/24/2017 11/2/2018 11/2/2018 8/7/2018 8/7/2018 8/7/2018 8/7/2018 10.5 10.51 10.8 10.52 10.10 10.49 10.1 10.1 10.54 10.21 10.19 10.1* 10.2* 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Table of Contents 10.27# 10.28# Intellectual Property Rights Cross-License Agreement, by and between NETGEAR, Inc. and Arlo Technologies, Inc., dated as of August 2, 2018 Registration Rights Agreement, by and between NETGEAR, Inc. and Arlo Technologies, Inc., dated as of August 2, 2018 8-K 8-K 8/7/2018 8/7/2018 10.5 10.6 21.1 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 List of subsidiaries and affiliates Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Power of Attorney (included on signature page) Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 101.INS XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document # * Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Confidential treatment has been granted as to certain portions of this Exhibit. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 122 X X X X X X X X X X X X X Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Jose, State of California, on the 22nd day of February 2019. NETGEAR, INC. By: /s/ PATRICK C.S. LO Patrick C.S. Lo Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Patrick C.S. Lo and Bryan D. Murray, and each of them, his attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Signature Title Date /S/ PATRICK C.S. LO Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer February 22, 2019 Patrick C.S. Lo (Principal Executive Officer) /S/ BRYAN D. MURRAY Chief Financial Officer February 22, 2019 Bryan D. Murray (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /S/ JEF T. GRAHAM Director Jef T. Graham /S/ BRADLEY L. MAIORINO Director Bradley L. Maiorino /S/ GREGORY J. ROSSMANN Director Gregory J. Rossmann /S/ BARBARA V. SCHERER Director Barbara V. Scherer /S/ JULIE A. SHIMER Director Julie A. Shimer /S/ THOMAS H. WAECHTER Director Thomas H. Waechter 123 February 22, 2019 February 22, 2019 February 22, 2019 February 22, 2019 February 22, 2019 February 22, 2019 Subsidiaries and Affiliates of the Registrant Exhibit 21.1 NETGEAR, INC. INFRANT TECHNOLOGIES LLC NETGEAR (Beijing) Trading Co. Ltd. SKIPJAM CORP NETGEAR INTERNATIONAL, INC. NETGEAR AUSTRIA GMBH NETGEAR Belgium BVBA NETGEAR DEUTSCHLAND GMBH NETGEAR FRANCE SAS NETGEAR HOLDINGS LTD (IRELAND) NETGEAR INTERNATIONAL LTD NETGEAR ASIA PTE. LIMITED (SINGAPORE BRANCH) NETGEAR HONG KONG LIMITED NETGEAR NEW ZEALAND NETGEAR POLAND SP ZOO NETGEAR SWITZERLAND GMBH NETGEAR U.K. LTD Netgear (Beijing) Network Technology Co., Ltd Netgear Australia Pty Ltd. NTGR CYPRUS LTD NETGEAR JAPAN GK NETGEAR NETHERLANDS B.V. NETGEAR TAIWAN CO LTD NETGEAR TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED (INDIA) Netgear Denmark ApS NETGEAR MEXICO S. DE R.L. Netgear Asia Holdings Ltd. Netgear Research India Pvt. Ltd. Netgear Canada Ltd. NETGEAR RUSSIA LLC Meural, Inc. CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-107718, 333-136892, 333-136895, 333-151638, 333- 160869, 333-168349, 333-181892, 333-196579, 333-211795, and 333-225327) of NETGEAR, Inc. of our report dated February 22, 2019 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedule, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K. Exhibit 23.1 /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Jose, California February 22, 2019 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 31.1 I, Patrick C.S. Lo, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of NETGEAR, Inc. (the “Registrant”); 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 22, 2019 /s/ PATRICK C.S. LO Patrick C.S. Lo Chairman and Chief Executive Officer NETGEAR, Inc. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 31.2 I, Bryan D. Murray, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of NETGEAR, Inc. (the “Registrant”); 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 22, 2019 /s/ BRYAN D. MURRAY Bryan D. Murray Chief Financial Officer NETGEAR, Inc. CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEYACT OF 2002 EXHIBIT 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of NETGEAR, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Patrick C.S. Lo, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 22, 2019 By: /s/ PATRICK C.S. LO Patrick C.S. Lo Chairman and Chief Executive Officer NETGEAR, Inc. This certification accompanies the Form 10-K to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. EXHIBIT 32.2 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEYACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of NETGEAR, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Bryan D. Murray, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 22, 2019 This certification accompanies the Form 10-K to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. By: /s/ BRYAN D. MURRAY Bryan D. Murray Chief Financial Officer NETGEAR, Inc. 

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