NN
Annual Report 2021

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 000-23486 NN, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 6210 Ardrey Kell Road, Suite 600 Charlotte, North Carolina (Address of principal executive offices) 62-1096725 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 28277 (Zip Code) (980) 264-4300 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, par value $0.01 Trading symbol NNBR Name of each exchange on which registered The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such file). Yes ☑ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☐ ☐ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☑ ☑ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $158 million as of June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed using the closing price of the registrant’s common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on that date of $7.35. Solely for purposes of making this calculation, shares of the registrant’s common stock held by named executive officers, directors and 5% or greater stockholders of the registrant as of such date have been excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for any other purposes. As of March 4, 2022, there were 43,297,653 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding. Portions of the Proxy Statement with respect to the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10 to 14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as indicated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE NN, Inc. INDEX PART I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Part II Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Reserved Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 9C. Part III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Part IV Item 15. Item 16. SIGNATURES Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary 3 Page 5 5 11 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 32 33 77 74 75 85 76 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 81 82 Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future trends, plans, events, results of operations or financial condition, or state other information relating to NN, Inc., based on current beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are outside of management’s control and that may cause actual results to be materially different from such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, general economic conditions and economic conditions in the industrial sector; the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s financial condition, business operations and liquidity; competitive influences; risks that current customers will commence or increase captive production; risks of capacity underutilization; quality issues; material changes in the costs and availability of raw materials; economic, social and political instability, currency fluctuation, and other risks of doing business outside of the United States; our dependence on certain major customers, some of whom are not parties to long-term agreements (and/or are terminable on short notice); the impact of acquisitions and divestitures; the level of our indebtedness; the restrictions contained in our debt agreements; our ability to obtain financing at favorable rates, if at all, and to refinance existing debt as it matures; unanticipated difficulties integrating acquisitions; new laws and governmental regulations; the impact of climate change on our operations; cyber liability or potential liability for breaches of our or our service providers’ information technology systems or business operations disruptions; and other risk factors and cautionary statements listed from time-to-time in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We disclaim any obligation to update any such factors or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements included herein or therein to reflect future events or developments. 4 Table of Contents Item 1. Business Introduction PART I NN, Inc. is a diversified industrial company that combines in-depth materials science expertise with advanced engineering and production capabilities to design and manufacture high-precision metal and plastic components and assemblies for a variety of end markets on a global basis. As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), the terms “NN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to NN, Inc., and its subsidiaries. We have 31 facilities in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia. Our enterprise and management structure is designed to accelerate growth and further balance our portfolio by aligning our strategic assets and businesses. Our businesses are organized into the Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions groups and are based principally on the end markets they serve. Business Segments and Products Mobile Solutions Mobile Solutions is focused on growth in the automotive and general industrial end markets. We have developed an expertise in manufacturing highly complex, tight tolerance, system critical components. Our technical capabilities can be utilized in numerous applications including for use in battery electric, hybrid electric, and internal combustion engine vehicles. The group currently manufactures components on a high-volume basis for use in power steering, braking, transmissions, and gasoline fuel system applications, along with components utilized in heating, ventilation and air conditioning and diesel injection and diesel emissions treatment applications. This expertise has been gained through investment in technical capabilities, processes and systems, and allows us to provide skilled program management and product launch capabilities. Power Solutions Power Solutions is focused on growth in the electrical, general industrial, automotive, aerospace, defense, and medical end markets. Within this group we combine materials science expertise with advanced engineering and production capabilities to design and manufacture a broad range of high-precision metal and plastic components, assemblies, and finished devices used in applications ranging from power control to flight control and for military devices. We manufacture a variety of products including electrical contacts, connectors, contact assemblies, and precision stampings for the electrical end market and high precision products for the aerospace and defense end market utilizing our extensive process technologies for optical grade plastics, thermally conductive plastics, titanium, Inconel, magnesium, and electroplating. Our medical business includes the production of a variety of tools and instruments for the orthopaedics and medical/surgical end markets. Competitive Strengths High-precision manufacturing capabilities We believe our ability to produce high-precision parts at high production volumes is among the best in the market. Our technology platform consists of high precision machining, progressive stamping, injection molding, laser welding, material science, assembly, and design optimization. In-house tool design and process know-how create trade secrets that enable consistent production tolerances of less than one micron while producing millions of parts per day. Parts are manufactured to application-specific customer design and co-design standards that are developed for a specific use. The high-precision capabilities are part of our zero-defect design process which seeks to eliminate variability and manufacturing defects throughout the entire product lifecycle. We believe our production capabilities provide a competitive advantage as few other manufacturers are capable of meeting tolerance demands at any volume level requested by our customers. As the need for tight-tolerance precision parts, subassemblies, and devices continues to increase, we believe that our production capabilities will place us at the forefront of the industry. We have differentiated ourselves among our competitors by providing customers engineered solutions and a broad reach and breadth of manufacturing capabilities. We believe it is for these reasons, and because of our proven ability to produce high-quality, precision parts and components on a cost-effective basis, that customers choose us to meet their manufacturing needs. Differentiated, system-critical products The tight-tolerance and high-quality nature of our precision products is specifically suited for use in the most demanding applications that require superior reliability. Our products are critical components to the operation and reliability of larger mechanical systems. Precision parts are difficult to manufacture and achieve premium pricing in the marketplace as the high cost of failure motivates our customers to focus on quality. Our products are developed for specific uses within critical systems 5 Table of Contents and are typically designed in conjunction with the system designer. Our parts are often qualified for, or specified in, customer designs, reducing the ability for customers to change suppliers. Our ability to make products with tight-tolerance and extreme precision requirements enables our customers to satisfy the critical functionality and performance requirements of their products. We are included in customer designs and deployed in critical systems that involve high cost of failure applications and significant regulatory certification processes, including those for the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), Underwriters Laboratories (“UL”), and the National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (“NADCAP”). Complete product lifecycle focus Our engineering expertise and deep knowledge of precision manufacturing processes adds proprietary value throughout the complete lifecycle of our products. Our in-house engineering team works closely with our customers to provide parts that meet specific design specifications for a given application. The relationship with the customer begins early in the conceptual design process when we provide feedback on potential cost, manufacturability, and estimated reliability of the parts. Part designs are then prototyped, tested, and qualified in coordination with the customer design process before going to full-scale production. The close working relationship with our customers early in the product lifecycle helps to secure business, increase industry knowledge, and develop significant trade secrets. Performance verification, product troubleshooting, and post-production engineering services further deepen relationships with our customers as well as provide additional industry knowledge that is applicable to future design programs and provide continuous manufacturing process improvement. Prototype products are developed for testing, and process validation procedures are instituted. In many instances, we will file for regulatory production approval and include the customer’s proprietary processes, further discouraging supplier changes. We will assist the customer with continuous supply chain management and comprehensive customer support for the lifetime of the product and continuously seek to identify new operational efficiencies to reduce the product’s cost and improve its quality. Once our solution is designed into a platform, it is often embedded through the multi-year manufacturing lifecycle and has a competitive advantage in supporting subsequent platforms. As an added benefit, customers generally fund development, prototypes, and manufacturing tooling expenses. This discourages supplier changes and drives recurring revenue for us. Long-term blue-chip customer base We maintain relationships with hundreds of customers around the world. Our customers are typically sophisticated, engineering-driven, mechanical systems manufacturers with long histories of product development and reputations for quality. We have no significant retail exposure, which limits volatility and provides enhanced sales visibility. Relationships with our top ten customers, in terms of revenue, average more than ten years. We have significant exposure to emerging markets in Asia, South America, and Europe through these global customers as well as key local manufacturers. The diverse nature, size, and reach of our customer base provides resistance to localized market and geographic fluctuations and help stabilizes overall product demand. Strategic global footprint Our 31 facilities, on four continents, are strategically located to serve our customer base and provide local service and expertise. Our global footprint provides flexibility to locally supply identical products for global customers, reducing shipping time and expense, allowing us to match costs to revenue and to capitalize on industry localization trends. In total, we operate more than 2.1 million square feet of manufacturing space. North America constitutes the largest portion of our manufacturing operations with facilities in the U.S. and Mexico. The North American facilities are strategically located to serve major customers in the United States and Mexico. Our foreign facilities are located in regional manufacturing hubs in France, Poland, China, and Brazil, and primarily serve global customers in those local markets. The Asian and South American facilities, we believe, have significant growth potential as local customer bases expand and the markets for high-precision products grow in those regions. Synergies We continue to realize synergy effects between Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions by pairing our experienced engineering resources and wide-ranging portfolio of process technologies from each business to serve our customers’ ever evolving needs. Recent solutions developed in the electrical, electric vehicle, aerospace, defense, and general industrial markets leveraged the deep experience and expertise from each business to respond to tight, stringent requirements - all of which in a custom and innovative manner to meet each customer’s unique demand requirements. In addition, we continue to experience customer demand that utilizes multiple facilities from both business, on a global basis, due to our track record of quality and strong performance. 6 Table of Contents Proven and experienced management team Our management team has significant experience in precision manufacturing and the diversified industrial sector. Warren Veltman has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since September 2019 after serving as Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions for two years. Mr. Veltman has over 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership roles at NN and Autocam, which the Company acquired in 2014. Michael Felcher joined us in 2018 and was named Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in July 2021. Mr. Felcher has extensive experience in finance leadership roles at JELD-WEN, Inc. and Goodrich Corporation. John Buchan was named Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions in September 2019 and Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions in November 2019. Mr. Buchan joined us in 2014 as part of the Autocam acquisition, a business at which he had 18 years of experience in operations. We believe that our current management team has the necessary talent and experience to profitably operate and grow the business. Customers Our products are supplied primarily to manufacturers for use in a broad range of industrial applications, including automotive; electrical; agricultural; construction; residential devices and equipment; aerospace and defense; medical; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; and fluid power and diesel engines. Sales to each of our top ten customers are made to multiple customer locations and divisions throughout the world. In 2021, our top ten customers accounted for approximately 43% of our net sales. In 2021, 70% of our products were sold to customers in North America, 7% to customers in Europe, 16% to customers in Asia, and 7% to customers in South America. We sell our products to most of our largest customers under either sales contracts or agreed upon commercial terms. In general, we pass through material cost fluctuations when incurred to our customers in the form of changes in selling prices. We ordinarily ship our products directly to customers within 60 days, and in many cases, during the same calendar month of the date on which a sales order is placed. Sales and Marketing A primary emphasis of our marketing strategy is to expand key customer relationships by offering high quality, high-precision, application-specific customer solutions with the value of a single supply chain partner for a wide variety of products and components. Due to the technical nature of many of our products, our engineers and manufacturing management personnel also provide technical sales support functions, while internal sales employees handle customer orders and other general sales support activities. Our marketing strategy is to offer custom manufactured, high quality, precision products to markets with high value-added characteristics at competitive price levels. This strategy focuses on relationships with key customers that require the production of technically difficult parts and assemblies, enabling us to take advantage of our strengths in custom product development, equipment and tool design, component assembly, and machining processes. Human Capital Management Core Principles Our success depends in part on our ability to successfully manage our human capital resources, including attracting, identifying, and retaining key talent. Factors that may affect our ability to attract and retain qualified employees include employee morale, our reputation, competition from other employers, and availability of qualified individuals in the communities in which we operate. Headcount As of December 31, 2021, we employed a total of 3,172 full and part-time employees and 247 temporary workers, which includes approximately 1,431 employees in the U.S. and approximately 1,988 employees in other countries employed by our international subsidiaries. Of our total employment, approximately 16% are management/staff employees and 84% are production employees. Our employees in the France, Brazil, and Brainin de Mexico plants are subject to labor council relationships that vary due to the diverse countries in which we operate. We believe we have a good working relationship with our employees and the unions that represent them. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Diversity, equity, and inclusion are at the core of our values and strategic business priorities. Throughout our business, we champion equality, supporting parity for women and under-represented groups as we work to create ethical, safe, and supportive workplaces where our employees thrive. We believe a diverse and inclusive workplace results in business growth and encourages increased innovation, retention of talent, and a more engaged workforce. Respect for human rights is fundamental to our business and our commitment to ethical business conduct. 7 Table of Contents Compensation, Benefits, and Employee Health and Safety Our compensation programs are based on a strong alignment between pay and performance, and are designed to reward both financial and operational successes and support actions that drive stockholder value creation at all organizational levels. We use a combination of programs (which vary by geography and level) to attract and retain our employees, including annual performance bonuses, quarterly gainsharing bonuses, and equity awards. We also provide our employees and their families access to a range of benefits, including health insurance benefits, employer-paid life and disability insurance, health savings and flexible spending accounts, 401(k) match, vacation and paid time off, wellness offerings, education assistance, and an employee assistance program. The health and safety of our employees and anyone who conducts business on our behalf is very important to us. Our commitment to safety starts at the top levels of our organization. We believe a safe and secure workplace is fundamental to our success. We are also committed to engaging our employees to continually improve health and safety by acting upon opportunities to reduce risk and improve our safety and health performance, and offer training programs on a regular basis. We maintain comprehensive safety programs focused on identifying hazards and eliminating risks that can lead to work-place injuries. In addition to the strong safety focus we maintain within our operations, our emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic has been on protecting the health and safety of our employees and the communities in which we operate. Our team monitors country, state, and local guidance, and uses these to implement best practice guidelines for employees and visitors. Throughout the pandemic, NN has increased communications, including the addition of virtual “town hall” style meetings at the group and organizational level. This has helped employees across our global footprint stay connected, whether working from home or at one of our manufacturing sites. Talent Development We invest resources in professional development to improve employee motivation, performance and engagement. Our annual talent management program helps identify needs at multiple levels, enabling us to provide employees with the resources they need to help achieve their career goals, build skills and lead their organizations. Further, annual goal-setting and development opportunities for employees and leaders helps our people align their professional experience with the Company’s business objectives and encourages them to take ownership of their development and career paths. NN uses regular talent management and performance evaluation processes to inform the Company’s internal development processes and to calibrate assessment of individual performance organizationally. These activities form the basis for succession planning activities, up to and including the senior leadership level. NN also has apprenticeships, internships, and cooperative education programs in place at certain locations, which we intend to expand more broadly across the company. These programs allow us to provide a combination of education and employment options that deliver depth and context and help them build a long-term career path. Competition Mobile Solutions In the market in which Mobile Solutions operates, internal production of components by our customers can impact our business as the customers weigh the risk of outsourcing strategically critical components or producing in-house. Our primary competitors are: Anton Häring KG; A. Berger Holding GmbH & Co. KG; Brovedani Group, Burgmaier Technologies GmbH & Co. KG; CIE Automotive, S.A.; IMS Companies; and MacLean-Fogg Component Solutions. We believe that we generally win new business on the basis of our technical competence, proven track record of successful product development and global platform, as well as on quality, price, and service. Power Solutions Power Solutions operates in intensely competitive but very fragmented supply chains. We must compete with numerous companies in each industry market segment. Our primary competitors are: Checon Corporation; Deringer-Ney, Inc.; Electrical Contacts, Ltd.; Interplex Industries, Inc.; J&J Machining, LLC; Norstan, Inc.; Owens Industries, Inc.; and Precinmac Precision Machining. We believe that competition within the electrical and aerospace and defense end markets is based principally on quality, price, design capabilities, and speed of responsiveness and delivery. We believe that our competitive strengths are product development, tool design, fabrication, tight tolerance processes, and customer solutions. With these strengths, we have built our reputation in the marketplace as a quality producer of technically difficult products. 8 Table of Contents Raw Materials Mobile Solutions Mobile Solutions produces products from a wide variety of metals in various forms from various sources located in the North America, Europe, South America, and Asia. Basic types include hot rolled steel, cold rolled steel (both carbon and alloy), stainless, extruded aluminum, die cast aluminum, gray and ductile iron castings, hot and cold forgings, and mechanical tubing. Some material is purchased directly under contracts, some is consigned by the customer, and some is purchased directly from the steel mills. Power Solutions Power Solutions uses a wide variety of metals in various forms, including precious metals like gold, silver, palladium, and platinum, as well as plastics. Through our diverse network of suppliers, we minimize supplier concentration risk and provide a stable supply of raw materials at competitive pricing. This group also procures resins and metal stampings from several domestic and foreign suppliers. Power Solutions bases purchase decisions on quality, service and price. Generally, we do not enter into written supply contracts with our suppliers or commit to maintain minimum monthly purchases of materials. However, we carefully manage raw material price volatility, particularly with respect to precious metals, through the use of consignment agreements. In effect, we contract the precious metals for our own stock and buy the raw materials on the same day customer shipments are priced, thereby eliminating speculation. Cost Pressures In each of our segments, we have historically been affected by upward price pressure on steel principally due to general increases in global demand. In general, we pass through material cost fluctuations to our customers in the form of changes in selling price. Most of the raw materials we use are purchased from various suppliers and are typically available from numerous sources, some of which are located in China and Europe. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our suppliers, and we continue to monitor the effect of these impacts on our supply chain in order to maintain regular and timely supply of raw materials to our business segments. Patents, Trademarks and Licenses We have several U.S. patents, patent applications and trademarks for various trade names. However, we cannot be certain that we would be able to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights against third parties, and if we cannot do so, we may face increased competition and diminished net sales. Furthermore, third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on their patents or other intellectual property, and we may have to pay substantial damages and/or redesign our products if we are ultimately found to infringe. Even if such intellectual property claims against us are without merit, investigating and defending these types of lawsuits takes significant time, may be expensive and may divert management attention from other business concerns. Additionally, we rely on certain data and processes, including trade secrets and know-how, and the success of our business depends, to some extent, on such information remaining confidential. Each officer is subject to a non-competition and confidentiality agreement that seeks to protect this information. Additionally, all employees are subject to company code of ethics policies that prohibit the disclosure of information critical to the operations of our business. Seasonal Nature of Business General economic conditions impact our business and financial results, and certain businesses experience seasonal and other trends related to the industries and end markets that they serve. For example, European sales are often weaker in the summer months as customers slow production, automotive sales tend to slow in July and December, and sales to original equipment manufacturers are often stronger immediately preceding and following the launch of new products. However, as a whole, we are not materially impacted by seasonality. Government Regulations and Environmental Matters Our operations and products are subject to extensive federal, state, local, and foreign regulatory requirements, including those intended to protect public health and the environment. In the U.S. many of our products and operations are regulated by the FDA and the Environmental Protection Agency. Similar regulations have been adopted by authorities in foreign countries where we sell our products, and by state and local authorities in the U.S. In order to conduct our operations in compliance with these laws and regulations we must obtain and maintain numerous permits, approvals and certificates from various federal, state, local, and foreign governmental authorities. 9 Table of Contents With respect to medical and products that we may specifically develop to sell to our customers, before these devices can be marketed, we will seek to obtain a marketing clearance from the FDA under Section 510(k) of the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The FDA typically grants a 510(k) clearance if the applicant can establish that the device is substantially equivalent to a predicate device. Clearance under Section 510(k) typically takes about four months from the date of submission. We are also required to comply with increasingly complex and changing laws and regulations enacted to protect business and personal data in the U.S. and other jurisdictions regarding privacy, data protection, and data security, including those related to the collection, storage, use, transmission, and protection of personal information and other customer, supplier or employee data. Such privacy and data protection laws and regulations, and the interpretation and enforcement of such laws and regulations, are continuously developing and evolving and there is significant uncertainty with respect to how compliance with these laws and regulations may evolve and the costs and complexity of future compliance. Based on information compiled to date, management believes that our current operations are in substantial compliance with applicable governmental laws and regulations, the violation of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. As of the date hereof, compliance with these laws and regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, results of operations, and competitive position. For additional information, see “Item 1A - Risk Factors.” The potential impact of climate change on our operations is unclear. Climate change could result in an increase in severe weather events, such as hurricanes, tropical storms, blizzards and ice storms, which often results in delays or other negative consequences for our manufacturing operations, which could negatively impact our financial results. We have not identified any, and we do not believe there to be in the near term, material impacts on our business, financial condition or results of operations as a result of compliance with legislation or regulatory rules regarding climate change or from the known physical effects of climate change. Increased regulation and other climate change concerns, however, could subject us to additional costs and restrictions and could negatively affect our business, operations and financial results. Information about our Executive Officers Our executive officers are: Name Warren A. Veltman Michael C. Felcher John R. Buchan Matthew S. Heiter D. Gail Nixon J. Andrew Wall Age Position 60 President and Chief Executive Officer 49 Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer 60 Executive Vice President – Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions 61 Senior Vice President and General Counsel 51 Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer 43 Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer Warren A. Veltman was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer in September 2019 having previously served as Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions since January 2018. Mr. Veltman joined NN as part of the Autocam acquisition in 2014 as the Senior Vice President and General Manager of our former Autocam Precision Components Group. Prior to the acquisition, Mr. Veltman served as Chief Financial Officer of Autocam Corporation from 1990 and Secretary and Treasurer since 1991. Prior to Mr. Veltman’s service at Autocam, Mr. Veltman was an Audit Manager with Deloitte & Touche LLP. Michael C. Felcher was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in July 2021 having previously served as Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer since June 2018. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Felcher served as the Vice President, North America Chief Financial Officer for JELD-WEN, Inc., a publicly held, global manufacturer of doors and windows, from 2013 to 2017. Before assuming his role at JELD-WEN, Inc., Mr. Felcher served as a Director of Finance for United Technologies Corp. following its acquisition of Goodrich Corporation in 2012. Previously, Mr. Felcher served in a variety of finance roles at Goodrich. Mr. Felcher began his career at PricewaterhouseCoopers in Boston and is a licensed CPA. John R. Buchan was appointed Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions in September 2019 and Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions in November 2019 having previously served as Vice President of Operations of Mobile Solutions. Mr. Buchan joined NN as part of the Autocam acquisition in 2014, where he served as the Chief Operations Officer. Prior to joining Autocam in 2002, Mr. Buchan held a variety of technical leadership roles at Benteler Automotive, culminating in his appointment as Executive Vice President of the Exhaust Products Group. Mr. Buchan has spent his entire career in operations roles, beginning with General Motors Central Foundry and Rochester Products Divisions. Matthew S. Heiter joined us as Senior Vice President and General Counsel in July 2015. Prior to joining NN, Mr. Heiter was a shareholder in the law firm of Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell and Berkowitz, P.C. from May 1996 to December 1999 and from July 2002 to July 2015, where he served as chairman of the firm’s Securities and Corporate Governance Practice Group. 10 Table of Contents From January 2000 to July 2002, Mr. Heiter served as the Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary of Internet Pictures Corporation, a publicly traded internet technology company. D. Gail Nixon joined us in 2007 and was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer in January 2018. Ms. Nixon previously served as our Vice President of Human Resources as well as Corporate Human Resources Manager. Ms. Nixon is a member of the Society for Human Resource Management (“SHRM”) and has earned her Senior Professional in Human Resources and SHRM – Senior Certified Professional designations. From 2000 to 2007, she held various accounting and human resources positions with a multi-state healthcare organization, ultimately serving as its corporate human resources director. J. Andrew Wall joined us in January 2022 as Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer. Prior to joining NN, he served in numerous management positions for ABB, Ltd., a publicly held, global manufacturer of heavy electrical equipment and automation technology. Most recently, Mr. Wall served as Vice President, Product Marketing and Sales, Electrification U.S., where he was responsible for leading the creation and implementation of ABB's U.S. product marketing strategy. Before that, Mr. Wall served as Vice President and General Manager, Power Products Services U.S., where he was in charge of all functional aspects of the business, including marketing and sales, project management, factory manufacturing operations, field service operations, and engineering. Available Information - Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Filings We make available free of charge, in the “Investor Relations” section of our website (www.nninc.com), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. Item 1A. Risk Factors The following are risk factors that affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, some of which are beyond our control. These risk factors should be considered in connection with evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10- K. If any of the events described below were to actually occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be adversely affected, and results could differ materially from expected and historical results. Risks Related to Our Operations The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation efforts to control the spread of the disease have impacted, and are expected to continue to materially impact, our business and our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by factors directly or indirectly relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility in the global economy, led to significant reduced market and economic activity, and disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, the end markets we serve. In response, various governmental bodies and private enterprises implemented numerous measures to contain the pandemic, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, “shelter-in-place” orders and shutdowns. While many of the restrictions have eased across the globe, some areas have re-imposed closures and other restrictions due to increased rates of COVID-19 cases. No assurance can be given that these new closures and restrictions will not continue to occur. New and more easily transmitted variants of COVID-19, such as the Delta and Omicron variants, have emerged and spread in the U.S. and across the globe. The impact of these variants cannot be predicted at this time and could depend on numerous factors, including vaccination rates among the population, the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines against the new variants, and the response by governmental bodies and regulators. Further surges in COVID-19 infection rates could result in the reinstatement of directives and mandates requiring businesses to again curtail or cease normal operations. The COVID-19 pandemic and the responses by governmental bodies and regulators thereto have created a disruption in our manufacturing, product distribution, overall supply chain, and other business activities, and that of our customers, suppliers, co-manufacturers, and distributors. A significant number of our customers, suppliers, co-manufacturers, distributors, and manufacturing facilities are located in regions that have been affected by the pandemic and those operations have been, and may continue to be, materially affected by restrictive measures implemented in response to the pandemic. As a result we have experienced, and may continue to experience, delays in the production and distribution of our products and the loss of sales to our customers. Any delay or shortage in the supply of raw materials or delay in the manufacturing or distribution of our products may result in our inability to satisfy customer demand in a timely manner or at all, which could result in the loss of a portion of or all of the customer’s business and damage our reputation. Additionally, if the global economic effects caused by 11 Table of Contents the COVID-19 pandemic continue or increase, overall customer demand may continue to decrease, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic could adversely impact our ability, and the ability of our suppliers, co-manufacturers, distributors, and customers, to retain key employees and ensure the continued service and availability of skilled personnel necessary to run our, and their, operations. To the extent our management or other personnel, or the management or other personnel of our suppliers, co-manufacturers, distributors, and customers, are impacted in significant numbers by the pandemic and are not available to perform their job duties, we could experience delays in, or the suspension of, our manufacturing operations, distribution of our products, and other important corporate functions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the current volatility in the global economy, reduced market and economic activity, and disruptions in the end markets we serve present material risks and uncertainties for us. The extent of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, results of operations, and financial condition will depend largely on future developments relating to the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the continued emergence, persistence, severity and transmissibility of variants of the virus, the efficacy of vaccines, the pace at which governmental restrictions are eased or lifted, and the implementation of new or additional mitigation efforts by governmental authorities to control the spread of the disease, such as “stay-at-home” orders, business closures, and vaccine mandates. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows, it may also have the effect of heightening other risks disclosed below. In addition, if in the future there is an outbreak of another highly infectious or contagious disease or similar public health crisis, we would be subject to similar risks as posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. We depend heavily on a relatively limited number of customers, and the loss of any major customer would have a material adverse effect on our business. During 2021, sales to various U.S. and foreign divisions of our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 43% of our consolidated net sales. The loss of all or a substantial portion of sales to these customers would cause us to lose a substantial portion of our revenue and would lower our operating profit margin and cash flows from operations. Work stoppages or similar difficulties and unanticipated business disruptions could significantly disrupt our operations, reduce our revenues and materially affect our earnings. A work stoppage at one or more of our facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Also, if one or more of our customers were to experience a work stoppage, that customer would likely halt or limit purchases of our products. For example, increased demand for semiconductor chips in 2020, due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic and an increased use of laptop computers, 5G phones, gaming systems and other IT equipment that use these chips, has resulted in a severe shortage of chips in early 2021 and is ongoing. These same chips are used in automobiles in a variety of parts and information and entertainment systems. As a result, various automotive manufacturers have been forced to delay or stall new vehicle production. If efforts to address the chip shortage by the industry and the U.S government are unsuccessful, there may be further delays in new vehicle production, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. We have a complex network of suppliers, owned and leased manufacturing locations, co-manufacturing locations, distribution networks, and information systems that support our ability to consistently provide our products to our customers. Factors that are hard to predict or beyond our control, such as weather, raw material shortages, natural disasters, fires or explosions, political unrest, terrorism, generalized labor unrest, or health pandemics, such as COVID-19, could damage or disrupt our operations or our customers’, suppliers’, co-manufacturers’ or distributors’ operations. These disruptions may require additional resources to restore our supply chain or distribution network. If we cannot respond to disruptions in our operations, whether by finding alternative suppliers or replacing capacity at key manufacturing or distribution locations, or if we are unable to quickly repair damage to our information, production, or supply systems, we may be late in delivering, or be unable to deliver, products to our customers and may also be unable to track orders, inventory, receivables, and payables. If that occurs, our customers’ confidence in us and long-term demand for our products could decline. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our product sales, financial condition, and operating results. We operate in and sell products to customers outside the U.S. and are subject to several risks related to doing business internationally. We obtain a majority of our raw materials from overseas suppliers, actively participate in overseas manufacturing operations and sell to a large number of international customers. During the year ended December 31, 2021, sales to customers located outside of the U.S. accounted for approximately 39% of our consolidated net sales. As a result of doing business internationally, we face risks associated with the following: • changes in tariff regulations, which may make our products more costly to export or import; 12 Table of Contents • • • • • • • changes in monetary and fiscal policies, laws and regulations, and other activities of governments, agencies and similar organizations; recessions or marked declines specific to a particular country or region; the potential imposition of trade restrictions or prohibitions; the potential imposition of import tariffs or other duties or taxes; difficulties establishing and maintaining relationships with local original equipment manufacturers, distributors and dealers; difficulty in staffing and managing geographically diverse operations; and unstable governments or legal systems in countries in which our suppliers, manufacturing operations, and customers are located. These and other risks may also increase the relative price of our products compared to those manufactured in other countries, thereby reducing the demand for our products in the markets in which we operate, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, we could be adversely affected by violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws, as well as export controls and economic sanction laws. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our policies mandate compliance with these laws. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We cannot assure you that our internal controls and procedures will always protect us from the improper acts committed by our employees or agents. If we are found to be liable for FCPA, export control or sanction violations, we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, including loss of export privileges or authorization needed to conduct aspects of our international business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. The prices we pay for raw materials used in our products may be impacted by tariffs. The tariffs initiated by the U.S. government in 2018 under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 resulted in increased metals prices in the United States. We cannot predict whether, and to what extent, there may be changes to international trade agreements or whether quotas, duties, tariffs, exchange controls or other restrictions on our products will be changed or imposed. In addition, an open conflict or war across any region could affect our ability to obtain raw materials. The current military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and related sanctions, export controls or other actions that may be initiated by nations could adversely affect our business and our supply chain or our business partners or customers in other countries. Although we currently do not source raw materials directly from Russia or Ukraine, if we are unable to source our products from the countries where we wish to purchase them, either because of the occurrence or threat of wars or other conflicts, regulatory changes or for any other reason, or if the cost of doing so increases, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Disruptions in the supply of raw materials and components could temporarily impair our ability to manufacture our products for our customers or require us to pay higher prices to obtain these raw materials or components from other sources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operations. Failure of our products could result in a product recall. The majority of our products are components of our customers’ products that are used in critical industrial applications. A failure of our components could lead to a product recall. If a recall were to happen as a result of our components failing, we could bear a substantial part of the cost of correction. In addition to the cost of fixing the parts affected by the component, a recall could result in the loss of a portion of or all of the customer’s business and damage our reputation. A successful product recall claim requiring that we bear a substantial part of the cost of correction or the loss of a key customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Our markets are highly competitive, and many of our competitors have significant advantages that could adversely affect our business. We face substantial competition in the sale of components, system subassemblies, and finished devices in the vertical end markets into which we sell our products. Our competitors are continuously exploring and implementing improvements in technology and manufacturing processes in order to improve product quality, and our ability to remain competitive will depend, among other things, on whether we are able to keep pace with such quality improvements in a cost-effective manner. Due to this competitiveness, we may not be able to increase prices for our products to cover cost increases. In many cases we face pressure from our customers to reduce prices, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, our customers may choose to purchase products from one of our competitors rather 13 Table of Contents than pay the prices we seek for our products, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Any loss of key personnel and the inability to attract and retain qualified employees could have a material adverse impact on our operations. We are dependent on the continued services of key executives and personnel. The departure of our key personnel without adequate replacement could severely disrupt our business operations. Additionally, we need qualified managers and skilled employees with technical and manufacturing industry experience to operate our businesses successfully. From time to time, there may be shortages of skilled labor, which may make it more difficult and expensive for us to attract and retain qualified employees. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified individuals or our costs to do so increase significantly, our operations would be materially adversely affected. Any breach or security failure of our information technology systems could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and reputation. We rely on proprietary and third-party information technology systems to process, transmit and store information and to manage or support our business processes. We store and maintain confidential financial and business information regarding us and persons with whom we do business on our information technology systems. We also collect and hold personally identifiable information of our employees in connection with their employment. In addition, we engage third-party service providers that may collect and hold personally identifiable information of our employees in connection with providing business services to us, including web hosting, accounting, payroll and benefit services. The protection of the information technology systems on which we rely is critically important to us. We take steps, and generally require third-party service providers to take steps, to protect the security of the information maintained in our and our service providers’ information technology systems, including the use of systems, software, tools, and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting, and storing of the information. However, we face risks associated with breaches or security failures of the information technology systems on which we rely, which could result from, among other incidents, cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusions over the internet, malware, computer viruses, or employee error or misconduct. This risk of a data breach or security failure, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusion, has generally increased due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of the perpetrators of attempted attacks and intrusions. The security measures put in place by us and our service providers cannot provide absolute security and there can be no assurance that we or our service providers will not suffer a data security incident in the future, that unauthorized parties will not gain access to sensitive information stored on our or our service providers’ systems, that such access will not, whether temporarily or permanently, impact, interfere with, or interrupt our operations, or that any such incident will be discovered in a timely manner. Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems, and facilities remain potentially vulnerable as the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. In addition, third-party information technology providers may not provide us with fixes or updates to hardware or software in a manner as to avoid an unauthorized loss or disclosure or to address a known vulnerability, which may subject us to known threats or downtime as a result of those delays. Accordingly, we and our service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures. Further, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to enhance information security measures and internal processes and procedures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. A data security incident could compromise our or our service providers’ information technology systems, and the information stored by us or our service providers, including personally identifiable information of employees, could be accessed, misused, publicly disclosed, corrupted, lost, or stolen. Any failure to prevent a data breach or a security failure of our or our service providers’ information technology systems could interrupt our operations, result in downtime, divert our planned efforts and resources from other projects, damage our reputation and brand, damage our competitive position, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties, and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Similarly, if our service providers fail to use adequate security or data protection processes, or use personal data in an unpermitted or improper manner, we may be liable for certain losses and it may damage our reputation. Physical effects of climate change or legal, regulatory or market measures intended to address climate change could materially adversely affect our business and operations. Risks associated with climate change are subject to increasing societal, regulatory and political focus in the U.S. and globally. Shifts in weather patterns caused by climate change could increase the frequency, severity, or duration of certain adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, wildfires, droughts, extreme temperatures, or flooding, which could result in more significant business and supply chain interruptions, damage to our products and facilities as well as the infrastructure of our customers, reduced workforce availability, increased costs of raw materials and 14 Table of Contents components, increased liabilities, and decreased revenues than what we have experienced in the past from such events. In addition, increased public concern over climate change could result in new legal or regulatory requirements designed to mitigate the effects of climate change, which could include the adoption of more stringent environmental laws and regulations or stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations. Such developments could result in increased compliance costs and adverse impacts on raw material sourcing, manufacturing operations, and the distribution of our products, which could adversely affect our business and operations. Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations, environmental compliance may be more costly than we expect, and any adverse regulatory action may materially adversely affect our business. We are subject to extensive federal, state, local, and foreign environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations concerning matters such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, solid and hazardous waste handling, and disposal and the investigation and remediation of contamination. The risks of substantial costs, liabilities, and limitations on our operations related to compliance with these laws and regulations are an inherent part of our business, and future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create substantial environmental compliance or remediation liabilities and costs. Our business activities are subject to various laws and regulations relating to pollution control and protection of the environment. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, discharges to air or water, the generation, storage, handling, and use of automotive hazardous materials, and the handling and disposal of hazardous waste generated at our facilities. Under such laws and regulations, we are required to obtain permits from governmental authorities for some of our operations. If we violate or fail to comply with these laws, regulations, or permits, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. Under some environmental laws and regulations, we could also be held responsible for all the costs relating to any contamination at our past or present facilities and at third-party waste disposal sites. We maintain a compliance program to assist in preventing and, if necessary, correcting environmental problems. Compliance with environmental, health, and safety legislation and regulatory requirements may prove to be more limiting and costly than we anticipate. To date, we have committed significant expenditures in our efforts to achieve and maintain compliance with these requirements at our facilities, and we expect that we will continue to make significant expenditures related to such compliance in the future. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings brought by private parties or governmental authorities with respect to environmental matters, including matters involving alleged noncompliance with or liability under environmental, health and safety laws, property damage or personal injury. New laws and regulations, including those which may relate to emissions of greenhouse gases, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or the imposition of new clean-up requirements could require us to incur costs or become the basis for new or increased liabilities that could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Our medical devices are subject to regulation by numerous government agencies, including the FDA and comparable agencies outside the U.S. To varying degrees, each of these agencies requires us to comply with laws and regulations governing the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing and distribution of our medical devices. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain marketing clearance for our new products or enhancements or modifications to existing products. If such approval is obtained, it may: • • • • • take a significant amount of time; require the expenditure of substantial resources; involve stringent clinical and pre-clinical testing, as well as increased post-market surveillance; involve modifications, repairs or replacements of our products; and result in limitations on the proposed uses of our products. Both before and after a product is commercially released, we have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations. We are also subject to periodic inspections by the FDA to determine compliance with the FDA’s requirements, including primarily the quality system regulations and medical device reporting regulations. The results of these inspections can include inspectional observations on FDA’s Form-483, warning letters, or other forms of enforcement. Since 2009, the FDA has significantly increased its oversight of companies subject to its regulations, including medical device companies, by hiring new investigators and stepping up inspections of manufacturing facilities. The FDA has also significantly increased the number of warning letters issued to companies. If the FDA were to conclude that we are not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, or that any of our medical devices are ineffective or pose an unreasonable health risk, the FDA could ban such medical devices, detain or seize adulterated or misbranded medical devices, order a recall, repair, replacement or refund of such devices, refuse to grant pending pre-market approval applications or require certificates of foreign governments for exports, and/or require us to notify 15 Table of Contents health professionals and others that the devices present unreasonable risks of substantial harm to the public health. The FDA may also impose operating restrictions on a company-wide basis, enjoin and/or restrain certain conduct resulting in violations of applicable law pertaining to medical devices, and assess civil or criminal penalties against our officers, employees, or us. The FDA may also recommend prosecution to the Department of Justice. Any adverse regulatory action, depending on its magnitude, may restrict us from effectively marketing and selling our products. Foreign governmental regulations have become increasingly stringent and more common, and we may become subject to more rigorous regulation by foreign governmental authorities in the future. Penalties for a company’s non-compliance with foreign governmental regulation could be severe, including revocation or suspension of a company’s business license and criminal sanctions. Any domestic or foreign governmental law or regulation imposed in the future may have a material adverse effect on us. Risks Related to Our Capitalization Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $159.8 million of indebtedness outstanding and $36.0 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. Our debt obligations could have important consequences, including: • • • increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry, or competitive developments; requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flows to fund operations, capital expenditures, and future business opportunities; exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly; • making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, and any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt instruments, including restrictive covenants and borrowing conditions, could result in an event of default under our debt agreements; • • • restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures; limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, product and service development, debt service requirements, acquisitions, and general corporate or other purposes; and limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged and who, therefore, may be able to take advantage of opportunities that our leverage may prevent us from exploiting. If any one of these events were to occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. For more information regarding our indebtedness, please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Despite our indebtedness level, we may still be able to incur substantial additional amounts of debt, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness. We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although our debt agreements contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of significant qualifications and exceptions, and under certain circumstances, the amount of indebtedness that could be incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If new debt is added to our and our subsidiaries’ debt levels, the related risks that we now face could increase. Our debt agreements contain restrictions that will limit our flexibility in operating our business. Our debt agreements contain various incurrence covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These incurrence covenants will limit our ability to, among other things: • • incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred equity; pay dividends on, repurchase, or make distributions in respect of our capital stock, prepay, redeem, or repurchase certain debt or make other restricted payments; • make certain investments and acquisitions; • • • create certain liens; enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to us; consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; 16 Table of Contents • • alter our existing businesses; and enter into certain transactions with our affiliates. In addition, the covenants in our debt agreements require us to meet specified financial ratios and satisfy other financial condition tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests will depend on our ongoing financial and operating performance, which, in turn, will be subject to economic conditions and to financial, market, and competitive factors, many of which are beyond our control. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under one or more of our debt agreements and permit our lenders to cease making loans to us under our credit facility (as defined below) or to accelerate the maturity date of the indebtedness incurred thereunder. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under our secured debt agreements, our secured lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure our borrowings. Such actions by the lenders could also cause cross defaults under our other debt agreements. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness, and we may not be able to refinance our debt obligations as they mature. Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. We regularly review our capital structure, various financing alternatives and conditions in the debt and equity markets in order to opportunistically enhance our capital structure. In connection therewith, we may seek to refinance or retire existing indebtedness, incur new or additional indebtedness or issue equity or equity-linked securities, in each case, depending on market and other conditions. As our debt obligations mature or if our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of our existing or future debt instruments may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. We have international operations that are subject to foreign economic uncertainties and foreign currency fluctuation. Approximately 39% of our revenues are denominated in foreign currencies, which may result in additional risk of fluctuating currency values and exchange rates and controls on currency exchange. Changes in the value of foreign currencies could increase our U.S. dollar costs for, or reduce our U.S. dollar revenues from, our foreign operations. Any increased costs or reduced revenues as a result of foreign currency fluctuations could affect our profits. In 2021, the U.S. dollar weakened against foreign currencies which favorably affected our revenue by $2.2 million. In contrast, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar may unfavorably affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. The price of our common stock may be volatile. The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations and may decline. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are: • macro or micro-economic factors; • • • • • • • • • • our operating and financial performance and prospects; quarterly variations in the rate of growth of our financial indicators, such as earnings per share, net income and revenues; changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports by analysts; loss of any member of our senior management team; speculation in the press or investment community; strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructuring; sales of our common stock by stockholders; general market conditions; domestic and international economic, legal, and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance; loss of a major customer; and 17 Table of Contents • the declaration and payment of a dividend. The stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. In addition, due to the market capitalization of our stock, our stock tends to be more volatile than large capitalization stocks that comprise the Dow Jones Industrial Average or Standard and Poor’s 500 Index. Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as Delaware corporate law, contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control or changes in our management that a stockholder might consider favorable and may prevent shareholders from receiving a takeover premium for their shares. These provisions include, for example, a classified board of directors and the authorization of our board of directors to issue up to five million preferred shares without a stockholder vote. In addition, our certificate of incorporation provides that stockholders may not call a special meeting. We are a Delaware corporation subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an anti-takeover law. Generally, this statute prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which such person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A business combination includes a merger, asset sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the stockholder. We anticipate that the provisions of Section 203 may encourage parties interested in acquiring us to negotiate in advance with our board of directors, because the stockholder approval requirement would be avoided if a majority of the directors then in office approve either the business combination or the transaction that results in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder. These provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some of our stockholders. If a change of control or change in management is delayed or prevented, the market price of our common stock could decline. Risks Related to Acquisitions and Divestitures Acquisitions may constitute an important part of our future growth strategy. Acquiring businesses that complement or expand our operations has been and may continue to be a key element of our business strategy. We regularly evaluate acquisition transactions, sign non-disclosure agreements, and participate in processes with respect to acquisitions, some of which may be material to us. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in identifying attractive acquisition candidates or completing acquisitions on favorable terms in the future. In addition, we may borrow funds or issue equity to acquire other businesses, increasing our interest expense and debt levels or diluting our existing stockholders’ ownership interest in us. Our inability to acquire businesses, or to operate them profitably once acquired, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Our borrowing agreements limit our ability to complete acquisitions without prior approval of our lenders. We have had difficulty with purchase accounting and other aspects related to the accounting for our acquisitions, which resulted in material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Although we have remediated these material weaknesses, there can be no assurances we will not face similar issues with respect to any future acquisitions. We may not realize all of the anticipated benefits from completed acquisitions or any future strategic portfolio acquisition, or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected. We either may not realize all of the anticipated benefits from completed acquisitions or any future strategic portfolio acquisition, or it may take longer to realize such benefits. Achieving those benefits depends on the timely, efficient, and successful execution of a number of post-acquisition events, including integrating the acquired businesses into our existing businesses. The integration process may disrupt the businesses and, if implemented ineffectively, would preclude the realization of the full anticipated benefits. The difficulties of combining the operations of acquired companies include, among others: • • • • the diversion of management’s attention to integration matters; difficulties in the integration of operations and systems, including, without limitation, the complexities associated with managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex company, addressing possible differences in corporate cultures and management philosophies and the challenge of integrating complex systems, technology, networks, and other assets of each of the acquired companies; difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities, and growth prospects from combining the acquired businesses with our own; the inability to implement effective internal controls, procedures, and policies for acquired businesses as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 within the time periods prescribed thereby; 18 Table of Contents • • • • the exposure to potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen increased expenses or delays associated with acquired businesses; challenges in keeping existing customers and obtaining new customers; challenges in attracting and retaining key personnel; and the disruption of, or the loss of momentum in, ongoing operations or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies. Many of these factors will be outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy, which could materially impact our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Additionally, we incurred a significant amount of debt in connection with our acquisitions in the past few years. Finally, in relation to such acquisitions, we have significantly higher amounts of intangible assets. These intangible assets will be subject to impairment testing, and we could incur a significant impact to our financial statements in the form of an impairment if assumptions and expectations related to our acquisitions are not realized. The indemnification provisions of acquisition agreements by which we have acquired companies may not fully protect us and may result in unexpected liabilities. Certain of the acquisition agreements from past acquisitions require the former owners to indemnify us against certain liabilities related to the operation of each of their companies before we acquired it. In most of these agreements, however, the liability of the former owners is limited in amount and duration and certain former owners may not be able to meet their indemnification responsibilities. These indemnification provisions may not fully protect us, and as a result we may face unexpected liabilities that adversely affect our profitability and financial position. Our participation in joint ventures could expose us to additional risks from time to time. We currently have a 49% investment in a Chinese joint venture and may participate in additional joint ventures from time to time. Our participation in joint ventures is subject to risks that may not be present with other methods of ownership, including: • our joint venture partners could have investment and financing goals that are not consistent with our objectives, including the timing, terms, and strategies for any investments, and what levels of debt to incur or carry; • we could experience an impasse on certain decisions because we do not have sole decision-making authority, which could require us to expend additional resources on resolving such impasses or potential disputes, including litigation or arbitration; • • • our ability to transfer our interest in a joint venture to a third party may be restricted and the market for our interest may be limited; our joint venture partners might become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions or fail to fulfill their obligations as a joint venture partner, which may require us to infuse our own capital into the venture on behalf of the partner despite other competing uses for such capital; and our joint venture partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflict of interest issues. Any divestitures and discontinued operations could negatively impact our business and retained liabilities from businesses that we may sell could adversely affect our financial results. As part of our portfolio management process, we review our operations for businesses which may no longer be aligned with our strategic initiatives and long-term objectives. Divestitures pose risks and challenges that could negatively impact our business, including required separation or carve-out activities and costs, disputes with buyers, or potential impairment charges. We may also dispose of a business at a price or on terms that are less than we had previously anticipated. After reaching an agreement with a buyer for the disposition of a business, we are also subject to satisfaction of pre-closing conditions, as well as necessary regulatory and governmental approvals on acceptable terms, which may prevent us from completing a transaction. Dispositions may also involve continued financial involvement, as we may be required to retain responsibility for, or agree to indemnify buyers against contingent liabilities related to businesses sold, such as lawsuits, tax liabilities, lease payments, product liability claims, or environmental matters. Under these types of arrangements, performance by the divested businesses or other conditions outside of our control could affect future financial results. General Risk Factors Damage to our reputation could harm our business, including our competitive position and business prospects. Our ability to attract and retain customers, suppliers, investors, and employees is impacted by our reputation. Harm to our reputation can arise from various sources, including employee misconduct, security breaches, unethical behavior, litigation, or 19 Table of Contents regulatory outcomes. The consequences of damage to our reputation include, among other things, increasing the number of litigation claims and the size of damages asserted or subjecting us to enforcement actions, fines, and penalties, all of which would cause us to incur significant defense related costs and expenses. Changes in U.S. tax laws could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, results of operations, and financial condition. The U.S. tax laws and regulations, as well as the administrative interpretations of those laws and regulations, are constantly under review and may be changed at any time, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given as to whether, when, or in what form changes to the U.S. tax laws applicable to us may be enacted. Changes in U.S. tax laws, tax rulings, or interpretations of existing laws could materially affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, and financial condition. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties As of December 31, 2021, we owned or leased 31 facilities in a total of six countries, which includes a 49% equity interest in a manufacturing joint venture in China. Utilization of these sites may vary with product mix and economic, seasonal, and other business conditions. Our plants generally have sufficient capacity for existing needs and expected near-term growth. These plants are generally well maintained, in good operating condition, and suitable and adequate for their use. The following table lists the locations of our facilities by segment. Mobile Solutions Group Location Boituva, Brazil Campinas, Brazil Dowagiac, Michigan Juarez, Mexico Kamienna Gora, Poland Kentwood, Michigan Kentwood, Michigan Kentwood, Michigan Kentwood, Michigan Marnaz, France Marshall, Michigan Marshall, Michigan Sao Joao da Boa Vista, Brazil Sao Joao da Boa Vista, Brazil Wellington, Ohio Wellington, Ohio Wuxi, China Country Brazil Brazil U.S.A. Mexico Poland U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. France U.S.A. U.S.A. Brazil Brazil U.S.A. U.S.A. China Owned or Leased Leased Leased Owned Leased Owned Leased Leased Leased Owned Owned Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased General Character Plant Office Plant Plant Plant Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3, Warehouse Office Plant Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 20 Table of Contents Power Solutions Group Location Algonquin, Illinois Attleboro, Massachusetts Attleboro, Massachusetts Attleboro, Massachusetts Attleboro, Massachusetts Foshan City, China Irvine, California Lubbock, Texas Mexico City, Mexico North Attleboro, Massachusetts Palmer, Massachusetts Taunton, Massachusetts Joint Venture Location Wuxi, China General Character Plant Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Office, Warehouse Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Country U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. China U.S.A. U.S.A. Mexico U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. Owned or Leased Owned Owned Leased Owned Owned Leased Leased Owned Owned Owned Leased Leased General Character Plant Country China Owned or Leased Leased In addition to these manufacturing plants, we lease office space in Charlotte, North Carolina, which serves as our corporate headquarters. Item 3. Legal Proceedings As disclosed in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report, we are engaged in certain legal proceedings, and the disclosure set forth in Note 13 relating to certain commitments and contingencies is incorporated herein by reference. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 21 Table of Contents Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our common stock is traded on Nasdaq under the trading symbol “NNBR.” As of March 4, 2022, there were approximately 6,000 beneficial owners of record of our common stock, and the closing per share stock price as reported by Nasdaq was $2.42. PART II ® The following graph and table compare the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total shareholder return of: (i) the Russell 2000 Index, which is a broad equity market index, and (ii) the S&P SmallCap 600 Industrials Index, which is a published industry index, for the period from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2021. Previously, we compared the return on our common stock with the S&P SmallCap 600 and a customized peer group, which consisted of the following companies: Altra Industrial Motion Corp., Ametek Inc., CIRCOR International, Inc., Colfax Corporation, Crane, Enerpac Tool Group Corp, Kaman Corporation, Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Worthington Industries, Inc. (collectively, the “2020 Peer Group”). During 2021, we determined that the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P SmallCap 600 Industrials Index are more applicable comparisons for our common stock due to our market capitalization and customer end markets following the sale of the Life Sciences business in 2020. Due to the change in selected comparative indices, we are presenting the comparative index and industry peer group that was used in the prior year. The following graph and table assume that a $100 investment was made at the close of trading on December 31, 2016. We cannot assure you that the performance of our common stock will continue in the future with the same or similar trend depicted on the graph. ® ® ® ® Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total Return (Performance results through December 31, 2021) NN, Inc. Russell 2000 S&P SmallCap 600 Industrials S&P SmallCap 600 2020 Peer Group 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 $ $ $ $ $ 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 146.51 $ 114.65 $ 117.21 $ 113.21 $ 126.26 $ 36.31 $ 102.03 $ 102.97 $ 103.59 $ 103.48 $ 51.31 $ 129.10 $ 133.49 $ 127.24 $ 147.62 $ 36.45 $ 155.20 $ 149.47 $ 141.61 $ 169.44 $ 22.74 177.73 188.18 179.60 197.34 Source: Value Line Publishing LLC 22 Table of Contents The declaration and payment of dividends are subject to the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and depend upon our profitability, financial condition, capital needs, credit agreement restrictions, future prospects, and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. See Part III, Item 12 – “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Annual Report for information required by Item 201 (d) of Regulation S-K. Item 6. Reserved Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto and the Selected Financial Data included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Historical operating results and percentage relationships among any amounts included in the Consolidated Financial Statements are not necessarily indicative of trends in operating results for any future period. Unless otherwise noted herein, all amounts are in thousands, except per share numbers. A detailed discussion of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 are not included herein and can be found in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2021. Overview and Management Focus Our strategy and management focus are based upon the following long-term objectives • Organic growth within our segments; • • • Improved operating margins; Cost reduction; Efficient capital deployment; • Debt leverage ratio improvement; • • Capital management initiatives; and Employee health, safety, and satisfaction; Management generally focuses on these trends and relevant market indicators • • Trends related to the geographic migration of competitive manufacturing, electric vehicles, and electrification; Costs subject to the global inflationary environment, including, but not limited to: • Raw materials; • Wages and benefits, including health care costs; • • Regulatory compliance; and Energy; • Global automotive production rates; • Defense spending; • Global industrial growth and economics; • • • • • Residential and non-residential construction rates; Regulatory environment for United States public companies and manufacturing companies; Currency and exchange rate movements and trends; Interest rate levels and expectations; and Changes in tariff regulations. 23 Table of Contents Management generally focuses on the following key indicators of operating performance • • Sales growth; Cost of sales; • Gross margin; • • • • Selling, general and administrative expense; Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; Return on invested capital; Income from operations; • Net income; • • • • • • Leverage ratio Cash flow from operations and capital spending; Certain non-GAAP measures as defined in our quarterly earnings releases and investor presentations; Customer service reliability; External and internal quality indicators; and Employee development. Critical Accounting Estimates Our significant accounting policies, including the assumptions and judgment underlying them, are disclosed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. As disclosed in Note 1, the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We believe that the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting estimates, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments. Goodwill Goodwill was tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and between annual tests if a triggering event occurred. The impairment analysis was performed at the reporting unit level. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was no remaining goodwill balance due to impairments recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020. An impairment charge was calculated based on a reporting unit’s carrying amount in excess of its fair value (i.e., step 1 of the two-step impairment test). If the carrying value of the reporting unit including goodwill was less than the fair value of the reporting unit, the goodwill was not considered impaired. Reporting units for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing were the same as our operating segments (Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions). Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Provision has been made for income taxes on unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries as these earnings are not deemed to be permanently reinvested. We recognize income tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold and accrue interest and potential penalties related to unrecognized income tax positions which are recorded as a component of the provision (benefit) for income taxes. We eliminate disproportionate tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when the circumstances upon which they are premised cease to exist. The calculation of tax assets, liabilities, and expenses under U.S. GAAP is largely dependent on management judgment of the current and future deductibility and utilization of taxable expenses and benefits using a more likely than not threshold. Specifically, the realization of deferred tax assets and the certainty of tax positions taken are largely dependent upon 24 Table of Contents management weighting the current positive and negative evidence for recording tax benefits and expenses. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated is cumulative losses incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2021. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future earnings growth. We have recorded a U.S. deferred tax liability for foreign earnings which are not indefinitely reinvested. We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a periodic charge in the year in which it arises and therefore do not record deferred taxes for basis differences associated with GILTI. In the event that the actual outcome from future tax consequences differs from management estimates and assumptions or management plans and positions are amended, the resulting change to the provision for income taxes could have a material impact on the consolidated results of operations and financial position. (See Note 1 and Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived tangible and intangible assets subject to depreciation or amortization are tested for recoverability when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. A test for recoverability is also performed when management has committed to a plan to dispose of a reporting unit or asset group. Assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability when indications of impairment are evident. Recoverability of a long- lived tangible or intangible asset is evaluated by comparing its carrying value to the future estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the asset is deemed not recoverable, then the asset is considered impaired and adjusted to fair value which is then depreciated or amortized over its remaining useful life. Assets to be disposed of are recorded at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less costs of disposal. In assessing potential impairment for long-lived assets, we consider forecasted financial performance based, in large part, on management business plans and projected financial information which are subject to a high degree of management judgment and complexity. Future adverse changes in market conditions or adverse operating results of the underlying assets could result in having to record additional impairment charges not previously recognized. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is an exit price representing the expected amount that an entity would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with market participants at the measurement date. Fair value principles prioritize valuation inputs across three broad levels. An asset or liability’s classification within the various levels is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Results of Operations Factors That May Influence Results of Operations The following paragraphs describe factors that have influenced results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, that management believes are important to provide an understanding of the business and results of operations or that may influence operations in the future. Global COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt the United States and global economy, and we cannot predict when a full economic recovery will occur. New and more easily transmitted variants of COVID-19, such as the Delta and Omicron variants, have emerged and spread in the United States and across the globe. The impact of these variants cannot be predicted at this time and could depend on numerous factors, including vaccination rates among the population, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the new variants, and the response by governmental bodies and regulators. Further surges in COVID-19 infection rates could result in the reinstatement of directives and mandates requiring businesses to again curtail or cease normal operations. The spread of COVID-19 and the responses thereto have created a disruption in the manufacturing, delivery, and overall supply chain of automobile manufacturers and suppliers, as well as disruption within the power industry. Global vehicle production decreased significantly in 2020, but production ramped back up in 2021. However, production continues to be impacted by disruptions of global supply chains, which have caused challenges in obtaining raw materials we use in the manufacture of some of our products. We increased our inventories in the current year to mitigate the risk of supply chain disruption for our customers. In addition, power shortages in China have resulted in widespread blackouts, often without any or little notice. These blackouts caused us and other manufacturers in the region to shut down production until power was restored. Supply chain and COVID-19 related disruptions are expected to continue into 2022. Inflation triggered by the unprecedented economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our manufacturing cost, particularly labor and materials, and is expected to continue into future periods. A worldwide semiconductor chip shortage is affecting automotive original equipment manufacturers, causing unpredictable volumes. The rapid development and fluidity of 25 Table of Contents the situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate impact COVID-19 will have on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, which will depend largely on future developments directly or indirectly relating to the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic. While managing decreased demand in many regions across the globe, we are now operating at all of our business locations. We have implemented training and recruiting programs to address labor shortages. We are focused on the health and safety of our employees, customers, and suppliers. We have developed and implemented processes to ensure a safe environment for our employees and any visitors to our facilities, including providing personal protective equipment and establishing social distancing protocols. These processes include recommendations based on guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. The health and safety of our employees remains our top priority. While we are actively promoting vaccination among our employees, vaccination status may affect workforce availability ranging from absences for vaccinations, booster shots, and recovery from side-effects. Significant workforce availability challenges could have a material effect on our business operations, financial results, liquidity, and financial position. We have undertaken a number of permanent and temporary actions to manage the evolving situation. We continue to streamline facilities and implement cost savings initiatives. Capital expenditures and travel costs remain at relatively low levels. We refinanced our credit facility and preferred stock in the first quarter of 2021 as discussed below. Credit Facilities On March 22, 2021, we entered into a new $150.0 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a new $50.0 million asset backed credit facility (the “ABL Facility”). The proceeds from the Term Loan Facility were used to prepay the amounts outstanding on our previous term loans. The previous credit facility was terminated and consisted of a Senior Secured Term Loan, Incremental Term Loan, and Senior Secured Revolver. No amounts were outstanding on the Senior Secured Revolver at the time of termination. Outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at either 1) one-month LIBOR (subject to a 1.000% floor) plus an applicable margin of 6.875% or 2) the greater of various benchmark rates plus an applicable margin of 5.875%. At December 31, 2021, the Term Loan Facility bore interest, based on one-month LIBOR, at 7.875%. The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments of $0.4 million with the remaining unpaid principal amount due on the final maturity date of September 22, 2026. The Term Loan Facility is collateralized by all of our assets. The Term Loan Facility has a first lien on all assets other than accounts receivable and inventory and has a second lien on accounts receivable and inventory. We were in compliance with all requirements under the Term Loan Facility as of December 31, 2021. On July 22, 2021, we entered into a new fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on $60.0 million of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291%. The interest rate swap, which has been designated as a cash flow hedge, has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. The ABL Facility provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in the amount of $50.0 million, of which $30.0 million is available in the form of letters of credit and $5.0 million is available for the issuance of short-term swingline loans. The availability of credit under the ABL Facility is limited by a borrowing base calculation derived from accounts receivable and inventory held in the United States. Outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest on a variable rate structure plus an interest rate spread that is based on the average amount of aggregate revolving commitment available. The variable borrowing rate is either 1) LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.75% or 2.00%, depending on availability, or 2) the greater of the federal funds rate or prime, plus an applicable margin of 0.75% or 1.00%, depending on availability. We may elect whether to use one-month, three-month, or six-month LIBOR, subject to a 0.50% floor. Interest payments are due monthly on borrowings that utilize one-month LIBOR and quarterly on borrowings that utilize three-month or six-month LIBOR. At December 31, 2021, using one-month LIBOR plus a 1.75% spread, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility would have been 2.25% if there had been any balance outstanding. We pay a commitment fee of 0.375% for unused capacity under the ABL Facility and a 1.875% fee on the amount of letters of credit outstanding. The final maturity date of the ABL Facility is March 22, 2026. As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility, $11.2 million of outstanding letters of credit, and $36.0 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. The ABL Facility has a first lien on accounts receivable and inventory. We were in compliance with all requirements under the ABL Facility as of December 31, 2021. Preferred Stock On March 22, 2021, we completed a private placement of 65 thousand shares of newly designated Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), at a price of $1,000 per share, together with detachable warrants (the “2021 Warrants”) to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Series D Preferred Stock has an initial liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and is redeemable at our 26 Table of Contents option in cash at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference then in effect. Series D Preferred Stock shares earn cash dividends at a rate of 10.0% per year, payable quarterly in arrears, accruing whether or not earned or declared. If no cash dividend is paid, then the liquidation preference per share effective on the dividend date increases by 12.0% per year. On March 22, 2026, the cash dividend rate and in-kind dividend rate increase by 2.5% per year. Cash dividends are required beginning on September 30, 2027. Net cash proceeds of $61.8 million from the issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock, along with part of the proceeds from the Term Loan Facility, were used to redeem all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). The total redemption cash payment was $118.4 million. Sales Concentration We recognized sales from a single customer of $49.7 million, or 10% of consolidated net sales, during the year ended December 31, 2019. Revenues from this customer are in our Mobile Solutions segment and were less than 10% of consolidated net sales during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Financial Data as a Percentage of Net Sales The following table presents the percentage of our net sales represented by statement of operations line item. Net sales Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) Selling, general, and administrative expense Depreciation and amortization Goodwill impairment Other operating expense (income), net Loss from operations Interest expense Loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs Derivative payments on interest rate swap Loss on interest rate swap Other expense (income), net Loss from continuing operations before benefit (provision) for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture Benefit (provision) for income taxes Share of net income from joint venture Loss from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net loss 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 100.0 % 81.7 % 10.8 % 9.7 % — % (0.2)% (1.9)% 2.7 % 0.5 % 0.4 % 0.4 % (1.1)% (4.7)% 0.4 % 1.3 % (3.0)% 0.3 % (2.8)% 100.0 % 80.4 % 13.6 % 10.7 % 21.7 % 1.1 % (27.5)% 4.4 % — % 1.0 % 2.7 % — % (35.6)% 2.1 % 0.8 % (32.6)% 9.1 % (23.5)% 100.0 % 80.2 % 14.1 % 9.2 % — % 0.2 % (3.6)% 2.7 % 0.1 % — % — % 0.2 % (6.6)% (0.1)% 0.3 % (6.3)% (3.3)% (9.5)% 27 Table of Contents Year Ended December 31, 2021, compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020 Net sales Organic growth Foreign exchange effects 2021 477,584 $ $ Years Ended December 31, 2020 427,534 $ 50,050 $ Change $ 47,862 2,188 Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) Selling, general, and administrative expense Depreciation and amortization Goodwill impairment Other operating expense (income), net Loss from operations Interest expense Loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs Derivative payments on interest rate swap Loss on interest rate swap Other income, net Loss from continuing operations before benefit for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture Benefit for income taxes Share of net income from joint venture Loss from continuing operations Income from discontinued operations, net of tax Net loss 389,995 51,489 46,195 — (1,091) (9,004) 12,664 2,390 1,717 2,033 (5,366) 343,594 58,055 45,680 92,942 4,720 (117,457) 18,898 144 4,133 11,669 (213) (22,442) 1,756 6,261 (14,425) 1,200 (13,225) $ (152,088) 8,972 3,626 (139,490) 38,898 (100,592) $ $ 46,401 (6,566) 515 (92,942) (5,811) 108,453 (6,234) 2,246 (2,416) (9,636) (5,153) 129,646 (7,216) 2,635 125,065 (37,698) 87,367 Net Sales. Net sales increased by $50.1 million, or 12%, during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to higher demand within all markets that were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year and favorable foreign exchange effects of $2.2 million. In addition, sales were positively impacted by increased selling prices for precious metals allowed under customer contracts due to the sharp rise in underlying commodities costs compared with the year ended December 31, 2020. Cost of Sales. Cost of sales increased by $46.4 million, or 14%, during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to variable costs associated with the above-noted sales increase. In addition, cost of sales increased due to the reintroduction of employee-related costs suspended in the prior year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel, benefits and overtime hours. Finally, cost of sales increased due to variable cost inefficiencies associated with global supply chain interruptions, uneven customer ordering patterns (particularly in the automotive market), and inflation. These increases were partially offset by more favorable overhead absorption compared to prior year due to the increase in inventory. Selling, General, and Administrative Expense. Selling, general, and administrative expense decreased by $6.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to cost reduction initiatives that drove decreases in personnel costs, professional fees, and office occupancy costs. Goodwill Impairment. We recognized goodwill impairment of $92.9 million at Power Solutions in 2020, resulting in no remaining goodwill balance. Other Operating Expense (Income), Net. Other operating expense (income), net, changed favorably by $5.8 million primarily due to charges and costs associated with asset disposals and elimination of a portion of our lease obligation as a result of our decision to vacate a portion of our corporate headquarters building in 2020. These charges were partially offset by a gain on the sale of a building in Fairfield, Ohio, in the second quarter of 2020. 28 Table of Contents Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $6.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to settlements on the interest rate swap that was terminated in connection with our debt refinancing in 2021. This decrease was partially offset by higher interest rates on debt in the current year. Interest on debt Interest rate swap settlements Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount Capitalized interest Other Total interest expense Years Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ $ 10,800 $ 77 1,381 (300) 706 12,664 $ 7,714 8,906 1,702 (204) 780 18,898 Loss on Extinguishment of Debt and Write-off of Debt Issuance Costs. We recognized $2.4 million for the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs that were associated with the credit facility that was terminated in March 2021. Derivative Payments on Interest Rate Swap. Derivative payments on interest rate swap represent cash settlements of the interest rate swap after hedge accounting was discontinued in October 2020. Prior to October 2020, interest rate swap settlements were recognized in interest expense. The previous interest rate swap was terminated in the first quarter of 2021. We entered into a new interest rate swap in the third quarter of 2021, which is designated as a cash flow hedge with the impact of settlements recognized in interest expense. Loss on Interest Rate Swap. Loss on interest rate swap represents mark-to-market adjustments on the interest rate swap after hedge accounting was discontinued in October 2020 as well as amortization of the residual loss in accumulated other comprehensive income as monthly settlements occur. Prior to October 2020, mark-to-market adjustments on the interest rate swap were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. Upon termination of the previous interest rate swap in March 2021, we recognized in earnings the remaining $3.3 million loss that had been deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income. Other Income, Net. Other income, net, changed favorably by $5.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, due to noncash derivative mark-to-market gains and more favorable foreign exchange effects associated with intercompany borrowings, partially offset by a litigation settlement reached during the second quarter of 2021. Benefit for Income Taxes. Our effective tax rate was 7.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 5.9% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The difference in rates is primarily due to the limitation on the amount of tax benefit recorded for loss carryforwards in 2021 and the impact of the impairment of nondeductible goodwill in 2020. Note 10 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements describes the effective income tax rate for each period presented. Share of Net Income from Joint Venture. Share of net income from the JV increased during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on prior year sales. The JV, in which we own a 49% investment, recognized net sales of $94.8 million and $68.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, profits improved from expanding variable margins as a result of successful process improvement initiatives, improved product mix, and fixed cost reduction actions. Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax. The largest component of income from discontinued operations, net of tax, during the year ended December 31, 2020, was the $214.9 million gain on sale of our Life Sciences business. Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides details of the results of discontinued operations. We recognized a gain of $1.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, due to the favorable resolution of a tax indemnity. 29 Table of Contents Results by Segment MOBILE SOLUTIONS Net sales Organic growth Foreign exchange effects Income from operations 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 $ Change 285,863 $ 256,360 $ 29,503 9,039 $ 5,228 $ 3,811 $ 27,649 1,854 $ $ Net sales increased by $29.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to higher demand within all markets which were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year, new business in the general industrial market, and favorable foreign exchange effects. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we recognized a customer pricing settlement. Income from operations increased by $3.8 million compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to contribution generated from the above- noted sales increase and customer pricing settlement. Moreover, we built up inventory in the year ended December 31, 2021, which resulted in favorable overhead absorption during the current year compared to the prior year. These positive impacts were partially offset by the reintroduction of employee- related costs suspended in the prior year due to the COVID-19 pandemic (such as travel, benefits, and overtime hours), material and labor inflation, and variable cost inefficiencies associated with global supply chain interruptions and uneven customer ordering patterns, particularly in the automotive market. POWER SOLUTIONS Net sales Organic growth Foreign exchange effects Goodwill impairment Income (loss) from operations 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 $ Change 191,800 $ 171,269 $ 20,531 — $ 6,493 $ (92,942) $ (85,983) $ 92,942 92,476 $ 20,197 334 $ $ $ Net sales increased by $20.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to higher demand within our end markets, all of which were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year. Sales were positively impacted by increased selling prices for precious metals allowed under customer contracts due to the sharp rise in underlying commodities costs compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition, revenue increased during the fourth quarter of 2021 due to prices increases with certain customers. Income (loss) from operations increased by $92.5 million compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a goodwill impairment loss of $92.9 million recognized in the first quarter of 2020. In addition, income from operations increased due to the above-noted higher sales volume. These favorable impacts were partially offset by an adverse shift in sales mix; higher material costs as a result of inflation; operating inefficiencies in our aerospace, defense, and medical business; and the reintroduction of employee-related costs suspended in the prior year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel, benefits and overtime hours. Changes in Financial Condition from December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2021 Overview From December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2021, total assets decreased by $45.9 million primarily due to normal depreciation and amortization of fixed assets, lease right-of-use assets, and intangible assets. We used $15.4 million of cash to settle the ineffective interest rate swap as part of our refinancing during the first quarter of 2021. Accounts receivable decreased as a result of successful collection efforts, accelerated payment terms, and lower sales in the fourth quarter of 2021 compared with the fourth quarter of 2020. These decreases were partially offset by capital expenditures and increases in inventories during the year ended December 31, 2021. Inventories increased as a result of a strategic decision to mitigate potential supply chain issues for our customers. The investment in the Chinese joint venture also increased as a result of undistributed earnings of the joint venture. 30 Table of Contents From December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2021, total liabilities increased by $35.4 million, primarily due to the refinancing of our credit facilities, partially offset by the termination of the ineffective interest rate swap. Cash Flows Cash provided by operations was $15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with cash provided by operations of $15.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Operating activities during 2021 included building inventory levels as a result of a strategic decision to mitigate potential supply chain issues for our customers. Net payments for income taxes were $5.4 million higher in the year ended December 31, 2021 when compared to 2020. The increased bonus payout to our employees during 2021 also impacted operating activities. Operating activities were positively impacted by the timing of disbursements on accounts payable compared to 2020, as well as increased income generated from operations during the year ended December 31, 2021. Cash used in investing activities was $36.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with cash provided by investing activities of $719.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The difference was primarily due to cash received from the sale of the Life Sciences business in 2020. Cash provided by financing activities was $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with cash used by financing activities of $714.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The difference was primarily due to $11.6 million net inflow from the debt and preferred stock refinancing in the current year compared to the prepayment of debt in 2020 with proceeds from the sale of the Life Sciences business. Liquidity and Capital Resources Credit Facility The principal amount outstanding under our Term Loan Facility as of December 31, 2021, was $148.9 million, without regard to unamortized debt issuance costs and discount. As of December 31, 2021, we had $36.0 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. This amount of borrowing capacity is net of $11.2 million of outstanding letters of credit at December 31, 2021, which are considered as usage of the ABL Facility. The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments of $0.4 million with the remaining unpaid principal amount due on the final maturity date of September 22, 2026. If one-month LIBOR is less than 1.000%, then we pay 7.875% per annum in interest. If one-month LIBOR exceeds 1.000%, then we pay the variable one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 6.875%. Based on the interest rate in effect at December 31, 2021, and the fixed rate on the 2021 interest rate swap, annual interest payments would be approximately $11.9 million. The ABL Facility bears interest on a variable rate structure with borrowings bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.75%. The interest rate in effect at December 31, 2021, was 2.25%. We pay a commitment fee of 0.375% for unused capacity under the ABL Facility. We were in compliance as of December 31, 2021, with all requirements under our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility. Both credit facilities allow for optional expansion of available borrowings, subject to certain terms and conditions. On March 3, 2022, we amended our Term Loan Facility, which increases the quarterly maximum consolidated net leverage ratio beginning with the first quarter of 2022. Hedging On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291% (the “2021 Swap”). The 2021 Swap has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. The objective of the 2021 Swap is to eliminate the variability of cash flows in interest payments on the first $60.0 million of variable rate debt attributable to changes in benchmark one-month LIBOR interest rates. Refer to Note 19 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion about the interest rate swap. Our arrangements with customers typically provide that payments are due within 30 to 60 days following the date of shipment. We invoice and receive payment from many of our customers in various other currencies. Additionally, we are party to various third party and intercompany loans, payables, and receivables denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result of these sales, loans, payables, and receivables, we are exposed to foreign exchange transaction and translation risk. Various strategies to manage this risk are available to management, including producing and selling in local currencies and hedging programs. As of December 31, 2021, no currency derivatives were in place. In addition, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies could impair our ability to compete with international competitors for foreign as well as domestic sales. 31 Table of Contents Functional Currencies We currently have foreign operations in Brazil, China, France, Mexico, and Poland. The local currency of each foreign facility is also its functional currency. Seasonality and Fluctuation in Quarterly Results General economic conditions impact our business and financial results, and certain businesses experience seasonal and other trends related to the industries and end markets that they serve. For example, European sales are often weaker in the summer months as customers slow production and sales to original equipment manufacturers are often stronger immediately preceding and following the launch of new products. However, as a whole, we are not materially impacted by seasonality. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We are exposed to changes in financial market conditions in the normal course of business due to use of certain financial instruments as well as transacting business in various foreign currencies. To mitigate the exposure to these market risks, we have established policies, procedures, and internal processes governing the management of financial market risks. We are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily as a result of borrowing activities. Interest Rate Risk Our policy is to manage interest expense using a mixture of fixed and variable rate debt. To manage this mixture of fixed and variable rate debt effectively and mitigate interest rate risk, we may use interest rate swap agreements. The nature and amount of borrowings may vary as a result of future business requirements, market conditions, and other factors. In February 2019, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement that changed the LIBOR-based portion of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 2.4575%. On March 22, 2021, we terminated the interest rate swap agreement in connection with the prepayment of our previously outstanding long-term variable-rate debt. On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291% (the “2021 Swap”). The 2021 Swap has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. The objective of the 2021 Swap is to eliminate the variability of cash flows in interest payments on the first $60.0 million of variable rate debt attributable to changes in benchmark one-month LIBOR interest rates. The hedged risk is the interest rate risk exposure to changes in interest payments, attributable to changes in benchmark one-month LIBOR interest rates over the interest rate swap term. The changes in cash flows of the interest rate swap are expected to exactly offset changes in cash flows of the variable rate debt. We designated the 2021 Swap as a cash flow hedge at inception. Cash settlements of the 2021 Swap are recognized in interest expense. Refer to Note 19 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for further discussion about the interest rate swaps. At December 31, 2021, we had $148.9 million of principal outstanding under the Term Loan Facility without regard to capitalized debt issuance costs. A one-percent increase in one-month LIBOR would have resulted in a net increase in interest expense of $0.1 million on an annualized basis due to the fact that the Term Loan Facility is subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.000% and one-month LIBOR was below the floor as of December 31, 2021. We had no outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility at December 31, 2021. Foreign Currency Risk Translation of our operating cash flows denominated in foreign currencies is impacted by changes in foreign exchange rates. We participate in various third party and intercompany loans, payables, and receivables denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. To help reduce exposure to foreign currency fluctuation, we have incurred debt in euros in the past. From time to time, we may use foreign currency derivatives to hedge currency exposures when these exposures meet certain discretionary levels. We did not hold a position in any foreign currency derivatives as of December 31, 2021. 32 Table of Contents Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Financial Statements Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 248) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 238) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies Note 2. Discontinued Operations Note 3. Segment Information Note 4. Accounts Receivable Note 5. Inventories Note 6. Property, Plant and Equipment Note 7. Goodwill Note 8. Intangible Assets, Net Note 9. Investment in Joint Venture Note 10. Income Taxes Note 11. Debt Note 12. Leases Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies Note 14. Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity Note 15. Revenue from Contracts with Customers Note 16. Share-Based Compensation Note 17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Note 18. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share Note 19. Fair Value Measurements Note 20. Subsequent Event 33 Page 34 37 38 39 40 41 42 42 45 47 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 55 57 60 61 62 64 69 69 71 74 Table of Contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Stockholders NN, Inc. Opinion on internal control over financial reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of NN, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, and our report dated March 11, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. Basis for opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Charlotte, North Carolina March 11, 2022 34 Table of Contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Stockholders NN, Inc. Opinion on the financial statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NN, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control— Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated March 11, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion. Basis for opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical audit matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Classification of Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock and the bifurcated detachable warrants As described further in Note 14 to the financial statements, the Company completed a private placement of 65 thousand shares of newly designated Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock at a price of $1,000 per share, together with detachable warrants to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share on March 22, 2021. The Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock had an initial liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and is redeemable at the Company’s option in cash at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference then in effect. Certain features were bifurcated and accounted for separately from the Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock and were recorded as derivatives. We identified the classification of the Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock and the bifurcated detachable warrants as a critical audit matter. The determination of the classification of the Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock and the bifurcated detachable warrants involves an evaluation of the relevant terms and provisions within the Securities Purchase Agreement and Common Stock Warrant Agreement. The relevant accounting literature is complex; therefore, the interpretation and application of the accounting literature is subjective and requires specialized skills and knowledge. Auditing 35 Table of Contents management’s conclusions related to the classification of the Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock and the bifurcated detachable warrants involved especially challenging auditor judgment to determine the proper classification. Our audit procedures related to the classification issuance of the Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock and the bifurcated detachable warrants included the following, among others. • We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to the accounting for the issuance of the Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock, which included classification of the Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock and the bifurcated detachable warrants. • We utilized personnel with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the appropriateness of management’s conclusions by (1) inspecting and assessing the relevant terms and provisions of the Securities Purchase Agreement and Common Stock Warrant Agreement; (2) comparing the relevant terms and provisions to management’s analysis; and (3) assessing the appropriateness of management’s application of the relevant accounting literature. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020. Charlotte, North Carolina March 11, 2022 36 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of NN, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), of changes in stockholders’ equity and of cash flows of NN, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Change in Accounting Principle As discussed in Note 12, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Emphasis of Matter As disclosed in Note 1 (not presented herein) to the consolidated financial statements appearing under Item 8 of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company is required to comply with a financial ratio covenant pursuant to its Credit Agreement which becomes more restrictive over time and will require the Company to improve financial performance or take other measures to maintain compliance with its debt agreements. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Atlanta, Georgia March 16, 2020, except for the effect of discontinued operations discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is March 15, 2021, and except for the 2019 summarized financial information of the unconsolidated joint venture in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is March 11, 2022. We served as the Company's auditor from 2003 to 2020. 37 Table of Contents NN, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in thousands, except per share data) Net sales Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) Selling, general, and administrative expense Depreciation and amortization Restructuring and integration expense, net Goodwill impairment Other operating expense (income), net Loss from operations Interest expense Loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs Derivative payments on interest rate swap Loss on interest rate swap Other expense (income), net Loss from continuing operations before benefit (provision) for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture Benefit (provision) for income taxes Share of net income from joint venture Loss from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 2) Net loss Other comprehensive income (loss): Reclassification adjustment for discontinued operations Foreign currency translation loss Interest rate swap: Change in fair value, net of tax Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss, net of tax Other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive loss Basic net loss per common share: Loss from continuing operations per common share Income (loss) from discontinued operations per common share Net loss per common share Weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted net loss per common share: Loss from continuing operations per common share Income (loss) from discontinued operations per common share Net loss per common share Weighted average common shares outstanding Years Ended December 31, 2020 2021 2019 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 477,584 389,995 51,489 46,195 — — (1,091) (9,004) 12,664 2,390 1,717 2,033 (5,366) (22,442) 1,756 6,261 (14,425) 1,200 (13,225) — (1,135) 59 2,906 1,830 (11,395) (0.82) 0.03 (0.79) 44,011 (0.82) 0.03 (0.79) 44,011 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 427,534 343,594 58,055 45,680 — 92,942 4,720 (117,457) 18,898 144 4,133 11,669 (213) (152,088) 8,972 3,626 (139,490) 38,898 (100,592) 5,961 (1,683) (12,443) 18,987 10,822 (89,770) (3.60) 0.92 (2.68) 42,199 (3.60) 0.92 (2.68) 42,199 489,514 392,482 68,895 44,896 (12) — 846 (17,593) 13,030 540 — — 962 (32,125) (305) 1,681 (30,749) (15,992) (46,741) — (3,845) (10,479) 1,084 (13,240) (59,981) (0.75) (0.38) (1.13) 42,030 (0.75) (0.38) (1.13) 42,030 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 38 Table of Contents (in thousands, except per share data) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventories Income tax receivable Other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Intangible assets, net Investment in joint venture Deferred tax assets Other non-current assets Total assets Liabilities, Preferred Stock, and Stockholders’ Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued salaries, wages and benefits Income tax payable Current maturities of long-term debt Current portion of operating lease liabilities Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Deferred tax liabilities Long-term debt, net of current portion Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities NN, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets December 31, 2021 2020 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 28,656 71,419 75,027 11,808 9,372 196,282 209,105 46,443 88,718 34,045 314 4,194 579,101 36,710 17,739 2,072 3,074 5,704 8,718 74,017 7,456 151,052 51,295 17,289 301,109 53,807 — 430 474,757 (219,100) (31,902) 224,185 579,101 $ 48,138 84,615 62,517 8,800 11,148 215,218 223,690 50,264 103,065 26,983 — 5,742 624,962 37,435 21,296 3,557 4,885 4,797 31,261 103,231 11,178 79,025 55,053 17,237 265,724 — 105,086 427 493,332 (205,875) (33,732) 254,152 624,962 Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) Series D perpetual preferred stock - $0.01 par value per share, 65 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 Series B convertible preferred stock - $0.01 par value per share, 100 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 Stockholders’ equity: Common stock - $0.01 par value per share, 90,000 shares authorized, 42,686 and 43,027 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities, preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 39 Table of Contents NN, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock Number of shares Par value Additional paid-in capital Warrants Accumulated deficit Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2018 Net loss Dividends declared or accrued for common stock Dividends accrued for preferred stock Shares issued for option exercises Share-based compensation expense Restricted shares forgiven for taxes Change in estimate of share-based award vesting Proceeds from issuance of warrants Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of tax of $3,166 Reclassification of interest rate swap settlement to net loss, net of tax of $327 Foreign currency translation loss Adoption of new accounting standard Balance, December 31, 2019 Net loss Dividends accrued for preferred stock Share-based compensation expense Restricted shares forgiven for taxes Change in estimate of share-based award vesting Reclassification of warrants to liabilities (Note 19) Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of tax of $3,764 Reclassification of interest rate swap settlement to net loss, net of tax of $5,742 Foreign currency translation loss Sale of discontinued operations Balance, December 31, 2020 Net loss Dividends accrued for preferred stock Shares issued for option exercises Share-based compensation expense Restricted shares forgiven for taxes Change in estimate of share-based award vesting Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of tax of $19 Reclassification of interest rate swap settlement to net loss, net of tax of $879 Foreign currency translation loss Balance, December 31, 2021 42,104 — — — 5 248 (44) — — — — — — 42,313 — — 417 (44) — — — — — — 42,686 — — 6 387 (52) — — — — 43,027 $ $ $ $ 421 — — — — 2 — — — — — — — 423 — — 4 — — — — — — — 427 — — — 4 (1) — — — — 430 $ $ $ $ 508,655 — (8,933) (642) 21 3,931 (365) (1,052) — — — — — 501,615 — (12,373) 4,965 (157) (718) — — — — — 493,332 — (21,478) 48 3,835 (362) (618) — — — 474,757 $ $ $ $ — — — — — — — — 1,076 — — — — 1,076 — — — — — (1,076) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $ $ $ $ See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 40 $ (58,491) (46,741) — — — — — — — $ (31,314) — — — — — — — — Total 419,271 (46,741) (8,933) (642) 21 3,933 (365) (1,052) 1,076 — (10,479) (10,479) $ — — (51) (105,283) (100,592) — — — — — $ 1,084 (3,845) — (44,554) — — — — — — 1,084 (3,845) (51) 353,277 (100,592) (12,373) 4,969 (157) (718) (1,076) — (12,443) (12,443) — — — (205,875) (13,225) — — — — — — — — (219,100) $ $ 18,987 (1,683) 5,961 (33,732) — — — — — — 59 2,906 (1,135) (31,902) $ $ 18,987 (1,683) 5,961 254,152 (13,225) (21,478) 48 3,839 (363) (618) 59 2,906 (1,135) 224,185 Table of Contents NN, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization of continuing operations Depreciation and amortization of discontinued operations Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount Goodwill impairment of continuing operations Goodwill impairment of discontinued operations Other impairments Loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs Total derivative loss (gain), net of cash settlements Share of net income from joint venture Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax and cost to sell Compensation expense from issuance of share-based awards Deferred income taxes Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Inventories Accounts payable Income taxes receivable and payable, net Other Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from liquidation of short-term investment Proceeds from (cash paid for post-closing adjustments on) sale of business, net of cash sold Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment Cash settlements of interest rate swap Other Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Cash paid for debt issuance costs Dividends paid Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock Redemption of preferred stock Proceeds from long-term debt Repayments of long-term debt Repayments of short-term debt, net Other Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash flows Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period (1) Cash and cash equivalents at end of period (1) Supplemental schedule of non-cash operating, investing and financing activities: Non-cash additions to property, plant and equipment Supplemental disclosures: Cash paid for interest Cash paid for income taxes _______________________________ Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2021 $ (13,225) $ (100,592) $ (46,741) 46,195 — 1,381 — — — 2,390 (3,259) (6,261) (1,200) 3,216 (4,845) (2,611) 13,698 (12,959) 343 (4,516) (2,761) 15,586 (18,221) — (3,880) 1,418 (15,420) — (36,103) (7,360) — 61,793 (122,434) 171,000 (93,729) (1,563) (5,150) 2,557 (1,522) (19,482) 48,138 28,656 4,438 10,739 7,624 $ $ 45,680 35,731 15,692 92,942 146,757 4,148 1,532 15,309 (3,626) (233,824) 4,226 (21,697) (4,730) 10,831 5,114 (8,606) (633) 11,295 15,549 (23,773) — 743,178 3,317 (4,133) 695 719,284 (661) — — — 66,195 (776,331) (924) (3,133) (714,854) (3,544) 16,435 31,703 48,138 9,644 51,542 2,241 $ $ 44,896 46,950 4,789 — — 643 3,293 — (1,681) — 2,822 (3,142) 3,169 1,265 1,426 (7,900) (5,292) 4,711 49,208 (54,003) 8,000 — 7,287 — (711) (39,427) (11,336) (8,879) 95,741 — 54,209 (108,157) (12,564) (3,715) 5,299 (1,365) 13,715 17,988 31,703 23,281 50,514 6,428 $ $ (1) Cash and cash equivalents include $13.8 million and $10.2 million of cash and cash equivalents that were included in current assets of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 41 Table of Contents Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Business NN, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements NN, Inc. is a diversified industrial company that combines in-depth materials science expertise with advanced engineering and production capabilities to design and manufacture high-precision metal and plastic components and assemblies for a variety of end markets on a global basis. As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), the terms “NN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to NN, Inc., and its subsidiaries. We have 31 facilities in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. Except for per share data or as otherwise indicated, all U.S. dollar amounts presented in the tables in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are in thousands. Principles of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NN, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries. We own a 49% interest in a joint venture which we account for using the equity method (see Note 9). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Accounting Standards Recently Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, (“ASU 2019-12”) as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions and provides simplification to specific tax items to improve consistent application. This standard was effective for us beginning January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, (“ASU 2020-06”) which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, ASU 2020-06 simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. In addition, ASU 2020-06 removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for the exception. Further, for the diluted earnings-per-share calculation, the new guidance requires entities to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments and generally requires entities to include the effect of share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares, among other things. We plan to adopt ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective adoption method. We do not anticipate that the adoption will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, (“ASU 2021-04”) which clarifies the accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. Specifically, ASU 2021-04 requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant as an exchange of the original warrant. The difference between the fair value of the modified warrant and the fair value of the warrant immediately before modification is then recognized as an issuance cost or discount of the related transaction. ASU 2021-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-04 should be applied prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date. Either the full or modified retrospective adoption method is allowed. We do not have any equity-classified written call options that would be subject to this guidance. Therefore, we do not expect any impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 42 Table of Contents In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, (“ASU 2021-10”) which requires business entities to provide certain annual disclosures when they have received government assistance and use a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy to other accounting guidance. Such disclosures include the nature of the transactions, significant terms and conditions, accounting policies, and affected financial statement line items. ASU 2021-10 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-10 may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We are in the process of assessing the impact ASU 2021-10 may have on our annual disclosures. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. We maintain cash balances in transaction accounts with various financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Although we maintain balances that exceed the federally insured limit, we have not experienced any losses related to these balances, and we believe credit risk to be minimal. We had approximately $17.6 million and $17.0 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, held at foreign financial institutions. Fair Value Measurements Fair value principles prioritize valuation inputs across three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. An asset or liability’s classification within the various levels is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Trade accounts receivable are recorded at their net realizable value. We maintain allowances for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowances are based on the amount that we ultimately expect to collect from our customers. We evaluate the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors including number of days receivables are past due, historical collection experience, current market conditions, and forecasted direction of economic and business environment. Accounts receivable are written off at the time a customer receivable is deemed uncollectible. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using standard costs, which approximates the average cost method. Our policy is to expense abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling cost, and waste included in cost of products sold. In addition, we allocate fixed production overheads based on the normal production capacity of our facilities. Inventory valuations were developed using normalized production capacities for each of our manufacturing locations. The costs from excess capacity or under-utilization of fixed production overheads were expensed in the period incurred and are not included as a component of inventory. Inventories also include tools, molds, and dies in progress that we are producing and will ultimately sell to our customers. These inventories are also carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Assets to be disposed of are stated at the lower of depreciated cost or fair market value less estimated selling costs. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized. When a property item is retired, its cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the property accounts and any gain or loss is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We review the carrying values of long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Property, plant and equipment also includes tools, molds, and dies used in manufacturing. Depreciation is calculated based on historical cost using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets. Estimated useful lives for buildings and land improvements generally range from 10 to 40 years. Estimated useful lives for machinery and equipment generally range from 3 to 12 years. Estimated useful lives for leasehold improvements are based on the life of the lease. 43 Table of Contents Goodwill Goodwill was tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and between annual tests if a triggering event occurred. The impairment analysis was performed at the reporting unit level. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was no remaining goodwill balance due to impairments recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived tangible and intangible assets subject to depreciation or amortization are tested for recoverability when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. A test for recoverability is also performed when management has committed to a plan to dispose of a reporting unit or asset group. Assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability when indications of impairment are evident. Recoverability of a long- lived tangible or intangible asset is evaluated by comparing its carrying value to the future estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the asset is deemed not recoverable, then the asset is considered impaired and adjusted to fair value which is then depreciated or amortized over its remaining useful life. Assets to be disposed of are recorded at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less costs of disposal. Equity Method Investments Our equity method investment is subject to a review for impairment if, and when, circumstances indicate that a decline in value below its carrying amount may have occurred. Examples of such circumstances include, but are not limited to, a significant deterioration in the earnings performance or business prospects of the investee; a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic or technological environment of the investee; a significant adverse change in the general market condition of either the geographic area or the industry in which the investee operates; and recurring negative cash flows from operations. If management considers the decline to be other than temporary, we would write down the investment to its estimated fair market value. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Provision has been made for income taxes on unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries as these earnings are not deemed to be permanently reinvested. We recognize income tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold and accrue interest and potential penalties related to unrecognized income tax positions which are recorded as a component of the provision (benefit) for income taxes. We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a periodic charge in the year in which it arises and therefore do not record deferred taxes for basis differences associated with GILTI. We eliminate disproportionate tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when the circumstances upon which they are premised cease to exist. Revenue Recognition We recognize revenues when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer either at a point in time or, in limited circumstances, as our services are rendered over time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or services. Share Based Compensation The cost of stock options, restricted stock, and performance share units is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting periods based on the grant date fair value, net of expected forfeitures. We determine grant date fair value using the Black Scholes financial pricing model for stock options and a Monte Carlo simulation for performance share units that include a market condition for vesting because these awards are not traded in open markets. We determine grant date fair value using the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant for restricted stock and performance share units that include performance conditions for vesting. Common Stock and Preferred Stock Dividends Dividends are recorded as a reduction to retained earnings. When we have an accumulated deficit, dividends are recorded as a reduction of additional paid- in capital. 44 Table of Contents Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated at current exchange rates. Revenue, costs, and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during each reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the translation of foreign subsidiary financial statements are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are initially recorded at the current exchange rate at the date of the transaction. The balances are adjusted to the current exchange rate as of each balance sheet date and as of the date when the transaction is consummated. Transaction gains or losses, excluding intercompany loan transactions, are expensed as incurred in either cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and were immaterial to the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. Transaction gains or losses on intercompany loan transactions are recognized as incurred in the “Other expense (income), net” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, transaction gains or losses on intercompany loan transactions were $0.5 million, $0.8 million, and $0.4 million, respectively. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share We are required to allocate earnings or losses for a reporting period to common stockholders and participating securities using the two-class method to compute earnings per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats participating securities as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. Participating securities may participate in undistributed earnings with common stock whether or not that participation is conditioned upon the occurrence of a specified event. Under the two-class method, our net income (loss) is reduced (or increased) by the amount that has been or will be distributed to our participating security holders. Preferred shares are participating securities that participate in earnings but do not participate in losses. Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) allocable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per common share includes the effect of warrants, convertible preferred stock, stock options and the respective tax benefits unless inclusion would not be dilutive. Note 2. Discontinued Operations In October 2020, we sold our Life Sciences business under the terms of a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with affiliates of American Securities LLC for $753.3 million cash. The Life Sciences business included facilities that were engaged in the production of a variety of components, assemblies, and instruments, such as surgical knives, bioresorbable implants, surgical staples, cases and trays, orthopaedic implants and tools, laparoscopic devices, and drug delivery devices for the orthopaedics and medical/surgical end markets. The sale of the Life Sciences business furthered management’s strategy to improve liquidity and create the financial flexibility to pursue key growth areas in the Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions segments. The SPA includes a potential earnout payment of up to $70.0 million based on the performance of the Life Sciences business during the year ending December 31, 2022, measured by Adjusted EBITDA targets, as defined by the SPA. After working capital and other closing adjustments, we received cash proceeds at closing of $757.2 million in 2020 and paid $3.9 million to the buyer during the year ended December 31, 2021, for post-closing adjustments. Under the terms of a transition services agreement, we provided certain support services after the sale. In accordance with the terms of the SPA, we agreed to indemnify the buyer for certain tax liabilities on its consolidated federal income tax return related to the Life Sciences business during the portion of the year ended December 31, 2020, prior to the change in ownership on October 6, 2020. We recognized a tax indemnification of $1.2 million during the year ending December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized a gain on disposal of discontinued operations of $1.2 million related to the tax indemnification as the actual tax liability was determined to be $0. In accordance with ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements - Discontinued Operations, the operating results of the Life Sciences business are classified as discontinued operations. The presentation of discontinued operations includes revenues and expenses of the discontinued operations and the gain on the disposition of the business, all net of tax, as one line item on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for all periods presented have been revised to reflect this presentation. Accordingly, the results of the Life Sciences business have been excluded from continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes unless otherwise stated. The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows include cash flows of the Life Sciences business in each line item unless otherwise stated. 45 Table of Contents The following table presents the results of operations of the discontinued operations. Net sales Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) Selling, general, and administrative expense Depreciation and amortization Goodwill impairment Other operating expense, net Income (loss) from operations Interest expense Loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs Other expense (income), net Loss from discontinued operations before costs of disposal and benefit for income taxes Benefit for income taxes Loss from discontinued operations before costs of disposal Gain on disposal of discontinued operations Benefit for income taxes on costs of disposal Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax 2021 $ $ Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,200 — 1,200 $ $ 225,255 160,464 20,779 35,731 146,757 41 (138,517) 48,893 1,388 (322) (188,476) 12,468 (176,008) 212,319 2,587 38,898 $ $ 357,937 249,157 34,328 46,950 — 20 27,482 44,125 2,753 178 (19,574) 3,582 (15,992) — — (15,992) During the first quarter of 2020, our market capitalization declined to a level that was less than the net book value of our stockholders’ equity. The decline in market capitalization was a triggering event that caused us to perform a goodwill impairment analysis as of March 31, 2020. The carrying value of the Life Sciences reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value as of March 31, 2020. As a result of our analysis, we recorded an impairment loss on goodwill of $146.8 million for Life Sciences during the year ended December 31, 2020. The judgments, assumptions, and estimates involved in the goodwill impairment analysis for the Life Sciences reporting unit are consistent with those discussed in Note 7. Our previous credit facility, which was in place at the time, required us to use proceeds from the sale of the Life Sciences business to prepay a portion of our previous debt. We paid $700.0 million in the aggregate on our term loans during the fourth quarter of 2020. The prepayment was applied to debt in accordance with the prepayment provisions of the previous credit agreement, which was in place at the time. Average quarterly interest rates were multiplied by the required prepayment amounts to calculate interest expense to be reclassified to discontinued operations for historical periods presented. The following table summarizes the amount of interest expense related to the previous credit facility that was reclassified to discontinued operations. Interest on debt Amortization of debt issuance costs Capitalized interest and other Total interest expense of discontinued operations 46 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 35,147 13,990 (244) 48,893 $ $ 40,996 3,368 (239) 44,125 $ $ Table of Contents The following table presents the significant noncash items and cash paid for capital expenditures of discontinued operations for each period presented. Depreciation and amortization Goodwill impairment Amortization of debt issuance costs Loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs Acquisition of property, plant and equipment Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1) _______________________________ (1) Includes new leases, renewals, and modifications. Note 3. Segment Information Our business is aggregated into the following two reportable segments. Years Ended December 31, 2019 2020 $ $ 35,731 146,757 13,990 1,388 8,416 695 6,174 46,950 — 3,368 2,753 21,834 5,321 51 • Mobile Solutions. Mobile Solutions is focused on growth in the automotive and general industrial end markets. We have developed an expertise in manufacturing highly complex, tight tolerance, system critical components. Our technical capabilities can be utilized in numerous applications including for use in battery electric, hybrid electric, and internal combustion engine vehicles. The group currently manufactures components on a high-volume basis for use in power steering, braking, transmissions, and gasoline fuel system applications, along with components utilized in heating, ventilation and air conditioning and diesel injection and diesel emissions treatment applications. This expertise has been gained through investment in technical capabilities, processes and systems, and allows us to provide skilled program management and product launch capabilities. • Power Solutions. Power Solutions is focused on growth in the electrical, general industrial, automotive, aerospace, defense, and medical end markets. Within this group we combine materials science expertise with advanced engineering and production capabilities to design and manufacture a broad range of high-precision metal and plastic components, assemblies, and finished devices used in applications ranging from power control to flight control and for military devices. We manufacture a variety of products including electrical contacts, connectors, contact assemblies, and precision stampings for the electrical end market and high precision products for the aerospace and defense end market utilizing our extensive process technologies for optical grade plastics, thermally conductive plastics, titanium, Inconel, magnesium, and electroplating. Our medical business includes the production of a variety of tools and instruments for the orthopaedics and medical/surgical end markets. These divisions are considered our two operating segments as each has engaged in business activities for which it earns revenues and incurs expenses, discrete financial information is available for each, and this is the level at which the chief operating decision maker reviews discrete financial information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. 47 Table of Contents The following tables present results of continuing operations by reportable segment. Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Corporate and Consolidations Total Year Ended December 31, 2021 Net sales Depreciation and amortization Income (loss) from operations Interest expense Other Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and share of net income from joint venture 285,863 28,769 9,039 $ $ 191,800 15,892 6,493 Share of net income from joint venture Expenditures for long-lived assets Total assets $ 6,261 15,411 357,171 $ (b) — 2,200 184,196 Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Year Ended December 31, 2020 Net sales Depreciation and amortization Goodwill impairment Income (loss) from operations Interest expense Other Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and share of net income from joint venture 256,360 28,298 — 5,228 $ $ 171,269 15,730 92,942 (85,983) Share of net income from joint venture Expenditures for long-lived assets Total assets $ 3,626 12,400 370,985 $ (b) — 2,754 197,348 Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Year Ended December 31, 2019 Net sales Depreciation and amortization Income (loss) from operations Interest expense Other Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and share of net income from joint venture 297,749 27,146 9,553 $ $ 192,100 15,301 13,881 Share of net income from joint venture Expenditures for long-lived assets _______________________________ $ 1,681 24,969 $ — 4,457 $ $ $ $ $ $ (79) (a) $ 1,534 (24,536) — 610 37,734 $ $ $ Corporate and Consolidations (95) (a) $ 1,652 — (36,702) — 203 56,629 $ $ $ 477,584 46,195 (9,004) (12,664) (774) (22,442) 6,261 18,221 579,101 Total 427,534 45,680 92,942 (117,457) (18,898) (15,733) (152,088) 3,626 15,357 624,962 Corporate and Consolidations Total (335) (a) $ 2,449 (41,027) $ $ $ — 2,743 489,514 44,896 (17,593) (13,030) (1,502) (32,125) 1,681 32,169 (a) Includes eliminations of intersegment transactions which occur during the ordinary course of business. (b) Total assets in Mobile Solutions includes $34.0 million and $27.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to the investment in our 49% owned joint venture (Note 9). 48 Table of Contents The following table summarizes long-lived tangible assets by geographical region. United States Europe Asia Mexico South America All foreign locations Total Note 4. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable, net, are comprised of the following amounts: Trade Less—allowance for credit losses Accounts receivable, net The following table presents changes in allowance for credit losses. Balance at beginning of year Additions Write-offs and other Currency impact Balance at end of year Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net As of December 31, 2021 2020 $ $ $ $ 123,442 $ 36,972 $ 32,605 1,044 15,042 85,663 $ 209,105 $ 130,077 40,663 33,854 1,230 17,866 93,613 223,690 As of December 31, 2021 2020 $ $ 72,771 $ 1,352 71,419 $ 86,659 2,044 84,615 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 2,044 $ 78 (734) (36) 1,352 $ 2,044 $ 505 (562) 57 2,044 $ 2,517 231 (692) (12) 2,044 As of December 31, 2021, no customer represented greater than 10% of consolidated accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2020, one customer represented 11% of consolidated accounts receivable, which is primarily related to Mobile Solutions. Note 5. Inventories Inventories are comprised of the following amounts: Raw materials Work in process Finished goods Total inventories As of December 31, 2021 2020 27,221 $ 24,960 22,846 75,027 $ 22,589 20,758 19,170 62,517 $ $ 49 Table of Contents Note 6. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are comprised of the following amounts: Land and buildings Machinery and equipment Construction in progress Total Less: Accumulated depreciation Property, plant and equipment, net As of December 31, 2021 2020 $ $ 57,991 $ 344,041 5,009 407,041 197,936 209,105 $ 58,296 339,268 1,270 398,834 175,144 223,690 We monitor property, plant and equipment for any indicators of potential impairment. We recognized impairment charges of $4.1 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to the early retirement of identified fixed assets. There were no impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2021. The impairment charges were recorded to the “Other operating expense (income), net,” line item on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The impairment charges were determined by writing the assets down to the estimated salvage value, less disposal costs. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we recorded depreciation expense of $31.8 million, $31.3 million, and $30.4 million, respectively. Note 7. Goodwill All of our net goodwill was recorded in the Power Solutions reportable segment. The following table shows changes in the carrying amount of Power Solutions goodwill. Balance as of December 31, 2019 Currency impact and other Impairments Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ $ 94,779 (1,837) (92,942) — During the first quarter of 2020, our market capitalization declined to a level that was less than the net book value of our stockholders’ equity. The decline in market capitalization was a triggering event that caused us to perform a goodwill impairment analysis as of March 31, 2020. The goodwill impairment analysis required significant judgments to calculate the fair value for the Power Solutions reporting unit, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term growth rate for each operating segment, and determination of weighted average cost of capital. Our forecasts used in the goodwill impairment analysis reflected our expectations of declines in sales resulting from COVID-19. Significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the discounted cash flow model to forecast operating cash flows, including market growth and market share, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce, discount rate, and estimated capital needs. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated. Assumptions in estimating future cash flows are subject to a high degree of judgment and complexity. The carrying value of the Power Solutions reporting unit exceeded the estimated fair value as of the March 31, 2020, analysis. As a result of our analysis, we recorded an impairment loss on goodwill of $92.9 million to the “Goodwill impairment” line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was no remaining goodwill balance. 50 Table of Contents Note 8. Intangible Assets, Net The following table shows changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets, net, by reportable segment. Balance as of December 31, 2019 Amortization Balance as of December 31, 2020 Amortization Balance as of December 31, 2021 Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Total $ $ 32,416 $ (3,354) 29,062 (3,353) 25,709 $ 84,997 $ (10,994) 74,003 (10,994) 63,009 $ 117,413 (14,348) 103,065 (14,347) 88,718 The following table shows the cost and accumulated amortization of our intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. Customer relationships Trademark and trade name Total identified intangible assets December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Gross Carrying Value as of Acquisition Date 173,746 $ 7,527 181,273 $ Estimated Useful Life in Years 12 - 20 $ 8 - 15 $ Accumulated Amortization (87,895) $ (4,660) (92,555) $ Net Carrying Value 85,851 $ 2,867 88,718 $ Gross Carrying Value as of Acquisition Date 173,746 $ 7,527 181,273 $ Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value (74,250) $ (3,958) (78,208) $ 99,496 3,569 103,065 Intangible assets that are fully amortized are removed and no longer represented in the gross carrying value or accumulated amortization. The following table shows estimated future amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter. Year Ending December 31, 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter Total $ $ 14,347 14,262 13,919 13,919 13,919 18,352 88,718 Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable. At December 31, 2021, our market capitalization declined to a level that was less than the net book value of our stockholders’ equity. The decline in market capitalization was a triggering event that caused us to perform an impairment analysis on our long-lived assets as of December 31, 2021. Based on our analysis, the carrying values of the long-lived assets were recoverable and no impairment charge was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2021. Note 9. Investment in Joint Venture We own a 49% investment in Wuxi Weifu Autocam Precision Machinery Company, Ltd. (the “JV”), a joint venture located in Wuxi, China. The JV is jointly controlled and managed, and we account for it under the equity method. The following table shows changes in our investment in the JV. Balance as of December 31, 2020 Share of earnings Foreign currency translation gain Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ $ 26,983 6,261 801 34,045 51 Table of Contents The following tables show summarized financial information of the unconsolidated JV. Net sales Cost of sales Income from operations Net income Current assets Noncurrent assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 94,846 77,620 15,429 12,777 68,216 56,669 10,202 7,401 58,906 52,757 4,745 3,432 December 31, 2021 2020 65,465 75,222 67,206 10,006 50,794 64,635 47,905 10,279 We recognized sales to the JV of $0.4 million, $0.1 million, and $0.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Amounts due to us from the JV as of December 31, 2021 were $4.4 million, which includes a $4.0 million dividend declared by the JV in 2021 and paid to us in January 2022. Note 10. Income Taxes The following table summarizes the loss from continuing operations before benefit (provision) for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture. United States Foreign Loss from continuing operations before benefit (provision) for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ (35,325) $ 12,883 (146,963) $ (5,125) (22,442) $ (152,088) $ (31,760) (365) (32,125) The following table summarizes total income tax expense (benefit) recognized in each year. Current taxes: U.S. Federal State Foreign Total current tax expense (benefit) Deferred taxes: U.S. Federal State Foreign U.S. federal and foreign valuation allowance Total deferred tax expense (benefit) Total income tax expense (benefit) 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 (19) $ (615) 3,014 2,380 (8,421) $ (1,099) (154) 5,538 (4,136) (1,756) $ (299) $ 4,599 2,250 6,550 (10,368) $ (5,368) (1,852) 2,066 (15,522) (8,972) $ (5,948) 1,656 2,247 (2,045) (1,430) 3,850 522 (592) 2,350 305 $ $ $ 52 Table of Contents The following table presents a reconciliation of income taxes based on the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate. 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 U.S federal statutory income tax rate Change in valuation allowance, exclusive of state State taxes, net of federal taxes, exclusive of tax reform Non-U.S. earnings taxed at different rates GILTI Goodwill impairment Nondeductible asset loss Research and development tax credit Change in uncertain tax positions Impact of 2019 Treasury regulations CARES Act Return to provision Taxes on unremitted foreign earnings Restructuring gain Intercompany lending Warrant revaluation Other adjustments, net Effective tax rate 21.0 % (20.0)% 4.5 % 3.0 % (6.0)% — % — % 2.3 % 0.7 % — % — % 0.8 % 2.0 % — % (5.3)% 6.5 % (1.7)% 7.8 % 21.0 % (1.3)% 0.2 % 1.4 % (0.1)% (12.7)% — % 0.4 % 2.2 % — % 2.7 % (0.5)% (3.9)% (2.6)% — % — % (0.9)% 5.9 % 21.0 % 1.8 % (13.6)% 3.0 % — % — % (2.2)% 2.2 % 4.3 % (18.4)% — % (0.2)% (2.2)% — % — % — % 3.3 % (1.0)% Our effective tax rate for continuing operations was 7.8% for 2021. The 2021 effective tax rate for continuing operations differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of our valuation allowance change during the year. Our effective tax rate for continuing operations was 5.9% for 2020. The 2020 effective tax rate for continuing operations differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to (1) the impact of the impairment of nondeductible goodwill which is treated as a permanent difference and (2) the accrual of taxes on unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries which may be repatriated. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted. Among other provisions, the CARES Act allows for the carryback of certain tax losses and favorably impacts the deductibility of interest expense and depreciation. The CARES Act had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, primarily due to a higher enacted federal rate in the carryback periods, and has been accounted for in the benefit for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2020. On October 6, 2020, we sold our Life Sciences business via a sale of our equity interest in Precision Engineered Products Holdings, Inc., a wholly owned U.S. domestic subsidiary. Prior to the sale, we completed tax restructuring in which Precision Engineered Products Holdings, Inc., distributed to NN, Inc., all of its asset and equity holdings related to the Power Solutions segment. The restructuring process created a deferred gain, required to be realized upon the third party equity sale, equal to the fair market value of the distributed assets over tax basis. The associated U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax impacts are reflected in the tables within this footnote. Our effective tax rate for continuing operations was (1.0)% for 2019. The 2019 effective tax rate for continuing operations differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% principally due to a discrete tax charge of $6.0 million related to final tax regulations published by the Department of the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service on February 4, 2019. The tax rate was also impacted by valuation of its state tax attributes. 53 Table of Contents The following table summarizes the principal components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax liabilities: Tax in excess of book depreciation Intangible assets Operating leases Interest rate swap Taxes on unremitted foreign earnings Other deferred tax liabilities Total deferred income tax liabilities Deferred income tax assets: Interest expense limitation Goodwill Inventories Interest rate swap Pension and personnel accruals Operating leases Net operating loss carryforwards Unrealized losses Credit carryforwards Accruals and reserves Other deferred tax assets Deferred income tax assets before valuation allowance Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets Total deferred income tax assets Net deferred income tax liabilities As of December 31, 2021 2020 $ 25,732 $ 20,812 10,473 37 5,630 1,007 63,691 7,141 24,262 3,368 — 2,422 12,834 23,629 2,143 3,044 1,435 2,080 82,358 (25,809) 56,549 $ 7,142 $ 27,459 23,695 11,149 — 6,601 533 69,437 3,811 25,653 3,224 3,611 2,909 13,209 18,659 1,529 3,574 2,399 1,362 79,940 (21,681) 58,259 11,178 As of December 31, 2021, we had a $26.4 million U.S. federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryover. The federal NOL has an indefinite life, but utilization within any tax year is limited to 80% of taxable income. Therefore, a valuation allowance of $1.3 million has been established to reduce the attribute balance to the amount expected to be utilized. As of December 31, 2021, we had $251.5 million of state NOL carryovers, which begin to expire in 2030. Management believes that certain of the state NOL carryovers will more likely than not expire prior to utilization. As such, a valuation allowance of $13.1 million (net of federal benefit) has been established to reduce the state attribute balance to the amount expected to be utilized before expiration. We also have $5.0 million, tax-effected, of foreign NOL carryovers at December 31, 2021. The foreign NOLs have an indefinite life; however, management believes that benefit for certain of the foreign NOLs may not be realized. Therefore, we have established a valuation allowance of $2.3 million to reduce the carrying value of the asset related to foreign NOLs to the amount that has been determined to be more likely than not realized. We have $0.2 million and $2.8 million of U.S. federal tax credits and tax credits in foreign jurisdictions, respectively, as of December 31, 2021. We have recognized a valuation allowance of $2.1 million for the foreign tax credits. In addition, we have $1.0 million of state deferred tax assets for which we believe recognition is not appropriate. We have a U.S. federal and state deferred tax asset related to currency losses on intercompany loans and interest expense carryforwards. Management believes it is more likely than not that the benefit for these assets will not be realized based on timing of expected repayment of the intercompany loans. We have established a valuation allowance of $2.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively, to eliminate the carrying value of these assets. Management assesses available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether it is more likely than not sufficient future taxable income will be generated to provide use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated is cumulative losses incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2021. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future earnings growth. On the basis of this evaluation, as of December 31, 2021, a valuation allowance of $25.8 million has been recorded to recognize only the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized without consideration of future earnings growth. 54 Table of Contents Management believes all remaining tax assets will more likely than not be realized. However, the amount of the deferred tax asset realized will change based on future conditions, and the amount considered realizable will be adjusted if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present allowing additional weight to be given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth. During 2021, the valuation allowance increased by $4.1 million, primarily due to allowances recorded against U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards and carryforwards of disallowed interest expense which are subject to certain annual deduction limitations. The increase was partially offset by utilization of previously reserved net operating loss carryforwards in certain foreign jurisdictions. As a result of the deemed mandatory repatriation provisions in the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and subsequent recognition in income of GILTI, we do not have material basis differences related to cumulative unremitted earnings for U.S. income tax purposes. However, we continue to evaluate quarterly the impact that repatriation of foreign earnings would have on withholding and other taxes. As of December 31, 2021, we have recorded a liability of $5.6 million for the anticipated withholding taxes that would be due upon repatriation of the unremitted earnings of those subsidiaries for which management does not intend to permanently reinvest all earnings. In 2021, the Company asserted that it was permanently reinvested in certain jurisdictions for which it previously was unable to assert permanent reinvestment. Prior to the Company’s debt refinancing in 2021, the Company had recorded a liability on all unremitted earnings. However, upon completion of the debt refinancing, the Company reevaluated repatriation plans, changed its assertion for certain jurisdictions and recorded the resulting tax benefit of $2.4 million. We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as tax in several foreign jurisdictions. We are also subject to tax by various state authorities. The tax years subject to examination vary by jurisdiction. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal examination for periods before 2017. We regularly assess the outcomes of both ongoing and future examinations for the current or prior years to ensure our provision for income taxes is sufficient. We recognize liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due, and we believe our reserves are adequate in relation to any potential assessments. The outcome of any one examination, some of which may conclude during the next twelve months, is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. Interest and penalties related to federal, state, and foreign income tax matters are recorded as a component of the provision for income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Accrued interest and penalties of $0.5 million, $0.6 million, and $1.5 million are included in other non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties. Balance at beginning of year Additions for tax positions of prior years Settlements for tax positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions of prior years Balance at end of year 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 247 $ — — (122) 125 $ 2,589 $ 121 — (2,463) 247 $ 4,609 — (275) (1,745) 2,589 $ $ The reduction to unrecognized tax benefits in 2021 is related to the remeasurement of previously unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2021, the unrecognized tax benefits would, if recognized, impact our effective tax rate by $0.7 million, inclusive of the impact of interest and penalties. Management believes that it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits, including interest and penalties, may not decrease during the next twelve months as no statutes are expected to lapse within the period. We operate under tax holidays in other countries, which are effective through December 31, 2026, and may be extended if certain additional requirements are satisfied. The tax holidays are conditional upon our meeting certain employment and investment thresholds. The impact of these tax holidays decreased foreign taxes by $0.2 million and $0.2 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The tax holidays had no impact on our 2019 foreign taxes. Note 11. Debt On March 22, 2021, we entered into a new $150.0 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a new $50.0 million asset backed credit facility (the “ABL Facility”). The proceeds from the Term Loan Facility were used to prepay the 55 Table of Contents amounts outstanding on our previous term loans. The previous credit facility was terminated and consisted of a Senior Secured Term Loan, Incremental Term Loan, and Senior Secured Revolver. No amounts were outstanding on the Senior Secured Revolver at the time of termination. The following table presents outstanding debt balances as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. Term Loan Facility Senior Secured Term Loan Incremental Term Loan International lines of credit and other loans Total principal Less-current maturities of long-term debt Principal, net of current portion Less-unamortized debt issuance costs and discount (1) Long-term debt, net of current portion _______________________________ As of December 31, 2021 2020 $ $ 148,875 $ — — 10,930 159,805 3,074 156,731 5,679 151,052 $ — 47,728 22,716 14,418 84,862 4,885 79,977 952 79,025 (1) In addition to this amount, costs of $0.7 million related to the ABL Facility were recorded in other non-current assets as of December 31, 2021, and $1.8 million related to the Senior Secured Revolver are recorded in other non-current assets as of December 31, 2020. We capitalized interest costs of $0.3 million, $0.2 million, and $1.5 million in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, related to construction in progress. Term Loan Facility Outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at either 1) one-month LIBOR (subject to a 1.000% floor) plus an applicable margin of 6.875% or 2) the greater of various benchmark rates plus an applicable margin of 5.875%. At December 31, 2021, the Term Loan Facility bore interest, based on one-month LIBOR, at 7.875%. The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments of $0.4 million with the remaining unpaid principal amount due on the final maturity date of September 22, 2026. The Term Loan Facility is collateralized by all of our assets. The Term Loan Facility has a first lien on all assets other than accounts receivable and inventory and has a second lien on accounts receivable and inventory. We were in compliance with all requirements under the Term Loan Facility as of December 31, 2021. On March 3, 2022, we amended our Term Loan Facility, which increases the quarterly maximum consolidated net leverage ratio beginning with the first quarter of 2022 (see Note 20). The Term Loan Facility was issued at a $3.8 million discount. We capitalized an additional $2.8 million in new debt issuance costs related to the Term Loan Facility. Debt issuance costs and original issue discount related to the Term Loan Facility are recorded as a direct reduction to the carrying amount of the associated long-term debt and amortized over the term of the debt. ABL Facility The ABL Facility provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in the amount of $50.0 million, of which $30.0 million is available in the form of letters of credit and $5.0 million is available for the issuance of short-term swingline loans. The availability of credit under the ABL Facility is limited by a borrowing base calculation derived from accounts receivable and inventory held in the United States. Outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest on a variable rate structure plus an interest rate spread that is based on the average amount of aggregate revolving commitment available. The variable borrowing rate is either 1) LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.75% or 2.00%, depending on availability, or 2) the greater of the federal funds rate or prime, plus an applicable margin of 0.75% or 1.00%, depending on availability. We may elect whether to use one-month, three-month, or six-month LIBOR, subject to a 0.50% floor. Interest payments are due monthly on borrowings that utilize one-month LIBOR and quarterly on borrowings that utilize three-month or six-month LIBOR. At December 31, 2021, using one-month LIBOR plus a 1.75% spread, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility would have been 2.25% if there had been any balance outstanding. We pay a commitment fee of 0.375% for unused capacity under the ABL Facility and a 1.875% fee on the amount of letters of credit outstanding. The final maturity date of the ABL Facility is March 22, 2026. 56 Table of Contents As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility, $11.2 million of outstanding letters of credit, and $36.0 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. The ABL Facility has a first lien on accounts receivable and inventory. We were in compliance with all requirements under the ABL Facility as of December 31, 2021. We capitalized a total of $0.8 million in new debt issuance costs related to the ABL Facility. Costs related to the ABL Facility are recorded in other non- current assets and amortized over the term of the agreement. Senior Secured Term Loan Outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Term Loan bore interest at one-month LIBOR (subject to a 0.75% floor) plus an applicable margin of 5.75%. During 2021 until termination, the Senior Secured Term Loan bore interest at 6.50%. Incremental Term Loan Outstanding borrowings under the Incremental Term Loan bore interest at one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 5.75%. During 2021 until termination, the Incremental Term Loan bore interest at 5.90%. Senior Secured Revolver Outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Revolver bore interest on a variable rate structure at either 1) one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 4.00% or 2) the prime lending rate plus an applicable margin of 3.00%. We had no outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Revolver during 2021. We incurred a commitment fee of 0.50% for unused capacity under the Senior Secured Revolver until it was terminated. Debt Issuance Costs We recognized a $2.4 million loss on extinguishment for unamortized debt issuance costs that were written off in the year ended December 31, 2021, in connection with the termination of our previous credit facility. Interest Rate Swaps On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on a portion of the Term Loan Facility to a fixed rate of 1.291%. The interest rate swap has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. A portion of the proceeds from the Term Loan Facility was used to settle and terminate our previous fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement with a cash payment of $13.7 million during the first quarter of 2021. Refer to Note 19 for further discussion of the interest rate swap agreements. Future Maturities The following table lists aggregate maturities of long-term debt for the next five years and thereafter. Years Ending December 31, 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter Total outstanding principal Note 12. Leases Aggregate Maturities Principal Amounts 3,074 3,405 3,249 3,289 146,788 — 159,805 $ $ We adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, and elected the modified retrospective approach in which the new standard is applied to all leases existing at the date of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment of $0.1 million to accumulated deficit. As part of the adoption, we elected the package of practical expedients, the short-term lease exemption, and the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components. Accordingly, we accounted for our existing operating leases as operating leases under the new standard, without reassessing (a) whether the contracts contain a lease under ASC 842, (b) whether 57 Table of Contents classification of the operating leases would be different in accordance with ASC 842, or (c) whether any unamortized initial direct costs would have met the definition of initial direct costs in ASC 842 at lease commencement. We determine whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When the implicit rate is not readily determinable, we use the estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Amortization of ROU lease assets is recognized in expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term leases are leases having a term of twelve months or less. We recognize short-term leases on a straight-line basis and do not record a related lease asset or liability for such leases. Finance lease ROU assets consist primarily of equipment used in the manufacturing process with terms three years to eight years. Operating lease ROU assets consist of the following: • Equipment used in the manufacturing process as well as office equipment with terms two years to five years; and • Manufacturing plants and office facilities with terms three years to 20 years. The following table presents components of lease expense: Finance lease cost: Amortization of right-of-use assets Interest expense Operating lease cost Short-term lease cost (1) Variable lease cost (2) Total lease cost _______________________________ Financial Statement Line Item 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Depreciation and amortization Interest expense Cost of sales and selling, general, and administrative expense Cost of sales and selling, general, and administrative expense Cost of sales and selling, general, and administrative expense $ $ 1,451 $ 213 1,272 $ 192 8,014 655 8,396 591 1 10,334 $ 1 10,452 $ 1,229 226 9,108 479 1 11,043 (1) Excludes expenses related to leases with a lease term of one month or less. (2) Represents changes to index-based lease payments. The following table presents lease-related assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet. Financial Statement Line Item As of December 31, 2021 2020 Assets: Operating lease assets Finance lease assets Total lease assets Liabilities: Current liabilities: Operating lease liabilities Finance lease liabilities Non-current liabilities: Operating lease liabilities Finance lease liabilities Total lease liabilities Operating lease right-of-use assets Property, plant and equipment, net Current portion of operating lease liabilities Other current liabilities Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion Other non-current liabilities 58 $ $ $ $ 46,443 $ 13,641 60,084 $ 5,704 $ 3,111 51,295 5,446 65,556 $ 50,264 14,644 64,908 4,797 4,252 55,053 6,858 70,960 Table of Contents The following table contains supplemental cash flow information related to leases of continuing operations. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows used in finance leases Operating cash flows used in operating leases Financing cash flows used in finance leases Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1) _______________________________ (1) Includes new leases, renewals, and modifications. 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 213 $ 13,434 4,836 2,814 $ — 192 $ 13,498 2,018 728 $ 8,682 226 14,090 3,156 5,250 8,457 As of December 31, 2021, the weighted average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for finance and operating leases of continuing operations were as follows: Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases The maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021, is as follows: 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments Less: imputed interest Total lease liabilities 2021 3.3 years 11.1 years 3.0 % 7.0 % Years Ended December 31, 2020 3.2 years 11.7 years 2.2 % 7.0 % 2019 4.0 years 11.0 years 2.2 % 5.7 % Operating Leases Finance Leases $ $ 9,384 $ 7,396 7,300 7,218 7,144 42,964 81,406 24,407 56,999 $ 3,330 2,675 1,517 666 595 281 9,064 507 8,557 In March 2020, we amended the lease of our corporate headquarters building to exit over half of the previously leased space and reduce annual base rent payments. The amendment was accounted for as a lease modification, and the remeasurement of the lease resulted in an $8.1 million decrease in the operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, a $10.5 million decrease in the noncurrent portion of the operating lease liability, and a $0.6 million decrease in the current portion of the operating lease liability. The $3.0 million difference between the change in the operating lease ROU asset and the operating lease liabilities was recognized in “Other operating expense (income), net,” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020. In connection with the discontinued use of the previously leased space, we also recognized a $4.4 million termination charge and a $2.9 million impairment charge on the associated leasehold improvements, all of which were also recognized in “Other operating expense (income), net” for the year ended December 31, 2020. During the second quarter of 2020 and as part of our overall plan to improve liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic, we negotiated with certain lessors to defer rent payments on leased buildings. In total, $0.5 million of operating lease payments for continuing operations were deferred over a period ranging from April 2020 to December 2020 and are being repaid over a period ranging from June 2020 through December 2022. The deferral of rent payments did not result in a substantial change in total lease payments over the individual lease terms. We elected to apply lease accounting relief announced by the FASB in April 2020 and treated these lease concessions as if they existed in the original contracts rather than applying lease modification accounting. The net impact on cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, was $(0.2) million and $0.7 million, respectively. 59 Table of Contents Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies Brazil ICMS Tax Matter Prior to the acquisition of Autocam Corporation (“Autocam”) in 2014, Autocam’s Brazilian subsidiary (“Autocam Brazil”) received notification from the Brazilian tax authority regarding ICMS (state value added tax or “VAT”) tax credits claimed on intermediary materials (e.g., tooling and perishable items) used in the manufacturing process. The Brazilian tax authority notification disallowed state ICMS tax credits claimed on intermediary materials based on the argument that these items are not intrinsically related to the manufacturing processes. Autocam Brazil filed an administrative defense with the Brazilian tax authority arguing, among other matters, that it should qualify for an ICMS tax credit, contending that the intermediary materials are directly related to the manufacturing process. We believe that we have substantial legal and factual defenses, and we plan to defend our interests in this matter vigorously. The matter encompasses several lawsuits filed with the Brazilian courts requesting declaratory actions that no tax is due or seeking a stay of execution on the collection of the tax. In 2018, we obtained a favorable decision in one of the declaratory actions for which the period for appeal has expired. We have filed actions in each court requesting dismissal of the matter based on the earlier court action. In May 2020, we received an unfavorable decision in one of the lawsuits, and as a result have recorded a liability to the Brazilian tax authorities and a receivable from the former shareholders of Autocam for the same amount. Although we anticipate a favorable resolution to the remaining matters, we can provide no assurances that we will be successful in achieving dismissal of all pending cases. The U.S. dollar amount that would be owed in the event of an unfavorable decision is subject to interest, penalties, and currency impacts and therefore is dependent on the timing of the decision. For the remaining open lawsuits, we currently believe the cumulative potential liability in the event of unfavorable decisions on all matters will be less than $5.0 million, inclusive of interest and penalties. We are entitled to indemnification from the former shareholders of Autocam, subject to the limitations and procedures set forth in the agreement and plan of merger relating to the Autocam acquisition. Management believes the indemnification would include amounts owed for the tax, interest, and penalties related to this matter. Accordingly, we don’t expect to incur a loss related to this matter even in the event of an unfavorable decision and, therefore, have not accrued an amount for the remaining matters as of December 31, 2021. Securities Offering Matter On November 1, 2019, Erie County Employees’ Retirement System, on behalf of a purported class of plaintiffs, filed a complaint in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, against the Company, certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors, and each of the underwriters involved in the Company’s public offering and sale of 14.4 million shares of its common stock pursuant to a preliminary prospectus supplement, dated September 10, 2018, a final prospectus supplement, dated September 13, 2018, and a base prospectus, dated April 19, 2017, relating to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-216737) (the “Offering”), which complaint was amended on January 24, 2020. The complaint alleges violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the Offering. The plaintiffs seek to represent a class of stockholders who purchased shares of the Company’s common stock in the Offering. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages and other relief. The Company believes the complaint and allegations to be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself against these actions. The Company is unable at this time to determine whether the outcome of the litigation would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Other Legal Matters On October 26, 2020, Corre Opportunities Qualified Master Fund, LP, and Corre Horizon Fund, LP, (collectively, “Corre Partners”) filed a complaint in the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware against the Company. The complaint alleged that the Company’s sale of its Life Sciences business without obtaining the prior consent of the plaintiffs was a breach of the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock. On May 13, 2021, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Corre Partners. In connection with the cooperation agreement, on May 13, 2021, the Company also entered into a settlement agreement with Corre Partners, which resolved the complaint. All other legal proceedings are of an ordinary and routine nature and are incidental to our operations. Management believes that such proceedings should not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In making that determination, we analyze the facts and circumstances of each case at least quarterly in consultation with our attorneys and determine a range of reasonably possible outcomes. 60 Table of Contents Note 14. Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock On March 22, 2021, we completed a private placement of 65 thousand shares of newly designated Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), at a price of $1,000 per share, together with detachable warrants (the “2021 Warrants”) to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Series D Preferred Stock has an initial liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and is redeemable at our option in cash at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference then in effect. Series D Preferred Stock shares earn cash dividends at a rate of 10.0% per year, payable quarterly in arrears, accruing whether or not earned or declared. If no cash dividend is paid, then the liquidation preference per share effective on the dividend date increases by 12.0% per year. On March 22, 2026, the cash dividend rate and in-kind dividend rate increase by 2.5% per year. Cash dividends are required beginning on September 30, 2027. The Series D Preferred Stock is classified as mezzanine equity, between liabilities and stockholders’ equity, because certain features of the Series D Preferred Stock could require redemption of the Series D Preferred Stock upon a change of control event that is considered not solely within our control. For initial recognition, the Series D Preferred Stock was recognized at a discounted value, net of issuance costs and allocation to warrants and a bifurcated embedded derivative. The aggregate discount is amortized as a deemed dividend through March 22, 2026, which is the date the dividend rate begins to increase by 2.5% per year. Deemed dividends adjust retained earnings (or in the absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in capital). In accordance with ASC 815-15, Derivatives and Hedging - Embedded Derivatives, certain features of the Series D Preferred Stock were bifurcated and accounted for as derivatives separately. Note 19 discusses the accounting for these features. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the Series D Preferred Stock shares was $53.8 million, which included $7.1 million of accumulated unpaid and deemed dividends. The following table presents the change in the Series D Preferred Stock carrying value during the year ended December 31, 2021. Beginning balance Proceeds from issuance of shares, net of issuance costs Fair value of 2021 Warrants issued Recognition of bifurcated embedded derivative Accrual of in-kind dividends Amortization Ending balance Year Ended December 31, 2021 $ $ — 61,793 (14,839) (282) 6,222 913 53,807 Net cash proceeds of $61.8 million from the issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock, along with part of the proceeds from the Term Loan Facility, were used to redeem all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). Series B Convertible Preferred Stock The Series B Preferred Stock had a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and was redeemable in cash at our option, subject to the applicable redemption premium. Series B Preferred Stock shares earned cumulative dividends at a rate of 10.625% per year, and accrued whether or not earned or declared. The Series B Preferred Stock was recognized at a discounted value, net of issuance costs and allocation to warrants and bifurcated embedded derivatives. The aggregate discount was amortized as a deemed dividend through December 31, 2023, which is the date the holders had a non-contingent conversion option into a variable number of common shares equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends. Deemed dividends adjust retained earnings (or in the absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in capital). 61 Table of Contents At redemption on March 22, 2021, the carrying value of the Series B Preferred Stock shares included $14.3 million of accumulated unpaid and deemed dividends. The following table presents the change in the Series B Preferred Stock carrying value during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. Beginning balance Gross proceeds from issuance of shares Relative fair value of Warrants issued Recognition of bifurcated embedded derivative Allocation of issuance costs to Preferred Stock Accrual of in-kind dividends Amortization Redemption Ending balance Preferred Share Purchase Rights 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 105,086 $ — — — — 14,008 335 (119,429) — $ 93,012 $ — — — — 11,121 953 — 105,086 $ — 100,000 (1,076) (2,295) (4,259) 590 52 — 93,012 On April 15, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized and declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right for each outstanding share of common stock to shareholders of record on April 27, 2020. The rights expired on March 31, 2021. Note 15. Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue is recognized when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer either at a point in time or, in limited circumstances, as our services are rendered over time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or services. The following tables summarize revenue by customer geographical region. United States and Puerto Rico China Brazil Mexico Germany Poland Other Total net sales United States and Puerto Rico China Brazil Mexico Germany Poland Other Total net sales Year Ended December 31, 2021 Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Intersegment Sales Eliminations Total 140,383 $ 52,227 34,644 19,520 5,230 3,743 30,116 285,863 $ 152,931 $ 4,745 811 16,177 546 18 16,572 191,800 $ (79) $ — — — — — — (79) $ 293,235 56,972 35,455 35,697 5,776 3,761 46,688 477,584 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Intersegment Sales Eliminations Total 129,147 $ 46,442 27,055 16,465 5,846 4,913 26,492 256,360 $ 139,499 $ 5,563 689 13,400 378 14 11,726 171,269 $ (95) $ — — — — — — (95) $ 268,551 52,005 27,744 29,865 6,224 4,927 38,218 427,534 $ $ $ $ 62 Table of Contents United States and Puerto Rico China Brazil Mexico Germany Poland Other Total net sales Year Ended December 31, 2019 Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Intersegment Sales Eliminations Total $ $ 162,445 $ 38,793 36,058 18,815 6,372 6,363 28,903 297,749 $ 156,945 $ 6,722 300 13,489 65 15 14,564 192,100 $ (335) $ — — — — — — (335) $ 319,055 45,515 36,358 32,304 6,437 6,378 43,467 489,514 The following tables summarize revenue by customer industry for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Comparable sales data by customer industry is not available prior to 2020. Our products in the automotive industry include high-precision components and assemblies for electric power steering systems, electric braking, electric motors, fuel systems, emissions control, transmissions, moldings, stampings, sensors, and electrical contacts. Our products in the general industrial industry include high-precision metal and plastic components for a variety of industrial applications including diesel industrial motors, heating and cooling systems, fluid power systems, power tools, and more. While many of the industries we serve include electrical components, our products in the residential/commercial electrical industry category in the following tables include components used in smart meters, charging stations, circuit breakers, transformers, electrical contact assemblies, precision stampings, welded contact assemblies, and specification plating and surface finishing. Automotive General Industrial Residential/Commercial Electrical Other Total net sales Automotive General Industrial Residential/Commercial Electrical Other Total net sales Product Sales Year Ended December 31, 2021 Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Intersegment Sales Eliminations 182,094 $ 90,290 — 13,479 285,863 $ 38,779 $ 60,312 61,748 30,961 191,800 $ — $ — — (79) (79) $ Year Ended December 31, 2020 Mobile Solutions Power Solutions Intersegment Sales Eliminations 170,389 $ 75,610 — 10,361 256,360 $ 31,422 $ 52,714 58,143 28,990 171,269 $ — $ — — (95) (95) $ $ $ $ $ Total 220,873 150,602 61,748 44,361 477,584 Total 201,811 128,324 58,143 39,256 427,534 We generally transfer control and recognize a sale when we ship the product from our manufacturing facility to our customer, at a point in time, as this is when our customer obtains the ability to direct use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the goods. We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over products has transferred to the customer as a component of cost of sales. We use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost-plus-margin approach when an observable price is not available. The expected duration of our contracts is one year or less, and we have elected to apply the practical expedient that allows entities to disregard the effects of financing when the contract length is less than one year. The amount of consideration we receive and the revenue we recognize varies with volume rebates and incentives we offer to our customers. We estimate the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the 63 Table of Contents transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. We utilize the portfolio approach practical expedient to evaluate sales-related discounts on a portfolio basis to contracts with similar characteristics. The effect on our consolidated financial statements of applying the portfolio approach would not differ materially from evaluation of individual contracts. We give our customers the right to return only defective products in exchange for functioning products or rework of the product. These transactions are evaluated and accounted for under ASC Topic 460, Guarantees, and we estimate the impact to the transaction price based on an analysis of historical experience. Other Sources of Revenue We provide pre-production activities related to engineering efforts to develop molds, dies, and machines that are owned by our customers. We may receive advance payments from customers which are deferred until satisfying our performance obligations by compliance with customer-specified milestones, recognizing revenue at a point in time. These contracts generally have an original expected duration of less than one year. The following table provides information about contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Balance at December 31, 2020 Balance at December 31, 2021 Deferred Revenue $ $ 766 489 The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable and customer advances and deposits (e.g. contract liability) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These contract liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue relates to payments received in advance of performance under the contract and recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract. Changes in the contract liability balances during the year ended December 31, 2021, were not materially impacted by any other factors. Revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2021, from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period for performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied during the period was $0.8 million. Deferred revenue is reported in the “Other current liabilities” line on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations We are required to disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of December 31, 2021, unless our contracts meet one of the practical expedients. Our contracts met the practical expedient for a performance obligation that is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less. Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract We recognize commissions paid to internal sales personnel that are incremental to obtaining customer contracts as an expense when incurred since the amortization period is less than one year. Costs to obtain a contract are expensed as selling, general and administrative expense. Sales, VAT, and other taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense. Sales Concentration We recognized sales from a single customer of $49.7 million, or 10% of consolidated net sales, during the year ended December 31, 2019. Revenues from this customer are in our Mobile Solutions segment and were less than 10% of consolidated net sales during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Note 16. Share-Based Compensation We recognize compensation expense of all employee and non-employee director share-based compensation awards in the consolidated financial statements based upon the grant-date fair value of the awards over the requisite service or vesting period, less any expense incurred for estimated forfeitures. As of December 31, 2021, we have 2.2 million maximum shares available 64 Table of Contents that can be issued as options, stock appreciation rights, and other share-based awards. Shares of our common stock delivered upon exercise or vesting may consist of newly issued shares of our common stock or shares acquired in the open market. Share-based compensation expense is recognized in the “Selling, general, and administrative expense” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) except for $0.8 million and $0.4 million attributable to discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The following table lists the components of share-based compensation expense by type of award. Stock options Restricted stock Performance share units Change in estimate of share-based award vesting (1) Share-based compensation expense _______________________________ 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 253 $ 2,166 1,420 (623) 3,216 $ 741 $ 3,473 755 (743) 4,226 $ 881 1,897 1,155 (1,111) 2,822 (1) Amounts reflect the decrease in share-based compensation expense based on the change in estimate of the probability of vesting of share-based awards. Unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards was $3.8 million as of December 31, 2021. We expect that cost to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years. Stock Options Option awards were typically granted to key employees on an annual basis by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. All options have an exercise price equal to the closing price of our stock on the date of grant. The term life of options is generally ten years with a vesting period of generally three years. During the years ended 2020 and 2019, we granted options to purchase 159 thousand, and 210 thousand shares, respectively, to certain key employees. The weighted average grant-date fair value of the options granted during 2020 and 2019 was $4.76, and $2.77 per share, respectively. No options were granted in 2021. The fair value of our options cannot be determined by market value because they are not traded in an open market. Accordingly, we utilized the Black Scholes financial pricing model to estimate the fair value. The following table shows the weighted average assumptions relevant to determining the fair value of stock options granted in each year. Expected term Average risk-free interest rate Expected dividend yield Expected volatility Expected forfeiture rate 2020 2019 6 years 1.42 % — % 52.80 % — % 6 years 2.47 % 3.53 % 49.53 % 4.00 % The expected term is derived from using the simplified method of determining stock option terms as described under the SAB Topic 14, Share-based payment. The simplified method was used because sufficient historical stock option exercise experience was not available, primarily due to the transformation of the management structure over the past several years. The average risk-free interest rate is derived from United States Department of Treasury published interest rates of daily yield curves for the same time period as the expected term. The expected dividend yield is derived by a mathematical formula which uses the expected annual dividends over the expected term divided by the fair market value of our common stock at the grant date. The expected dividend yield for 2020 grants reflects no expected annual dividends over the expected term because we discontinued dividends in 2019. The expected volatility rate is derived from our actual common stock historical volatility over the same time period as the expected term. The expected volatility rate is derived by a mathematical formula utilizing daily closing price data. The expected forfeiture rate is determined from examining the historical pre-vesting forfeiture patterns of past option issuances to key employees. While the expected forfeiture rate is not an input of the Black Scholes financial pricing model for determining the fair value of the options, it is an important determinant of stock option compensation expense to be recorded. 65 Table of Contents The following table presents stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2021. Number of Options (in thousands) Weighted- Average Exercise Price (per share) Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) Outstanding at January 1, 2021 Exercised Forfeited Expired Outstanding at December 31, 2021 Exercisable at December 31, 2021 _______________________________ 871 $ (6) (22) (222) 621 $ 532 $ 12.41 7.93 9.29 13.31 12.24 12.80 Aggregate Intrinsic Value $ 8 3.8 years $ 3.2 years $ — — (1) (1) (1) The aggregate intrinsic value is the sum of intrinsic values for each exercisable individual option grant. The intrinsic value is the amount by which the closing market price of our stock at December 31, 2021, was greater than the exercise price of any individual option grant. Restricted Stock During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we granted 459 thousand, 460 thousand, and 339 thousand shares of restricted stock to non- executive directors, officers, and certain other key employees. The shares of restricted stock granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, vest pro-rata generally over three years for officers and certain other key employees and over one year for non-executive directors and certain key employees. We determined the fair value of the shares awarded by using the closing price of our common stock as of the date of grant. The weighted average grant-date fair value of restricted stock granted in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, was $6.84, $9.35, and $7.74 per share, respectively. The total grant-date fair value of restricted stock that vested in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, was $2.8 million, $1.9 million, and $2.9 million, respectively. The following table presents the status of unvested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the year then ended. Unvested at January 1, 2021 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested at December 31, 2021 Performance Share Units Nonvested Restricted Shares (in thousands) Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value (per share) 385 $ 459 (303) (72) 469 $ 9.42 6.84 9.34 7.22 7.28 Performance Share Units (“PSUs”) are a form of long-term incentive compensation awarded to executive officers and certain other key employees designed to directly align the interests of employees to the interests of our stockholders, and to create long-term stockholder value. PSUs granted in 2021 and 2020 were made pursuant to the NN, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan and a Performance Share Unit Agreement (the “2019 Omnibus Agreement”). PSUs granted in 2019 were made pursuant to the NN, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan and a Performance Share Unit Agreement (the “2016 Omnibus Agreement”). Some PSUs are based on total shareholder return (“TSR Awards”), and other PSUs are based on return on invested capital (“ROIC Awards”). The TSR Awards vest, if at all, upon our achieving a specified relative total shareholder return, which will be measured against the total shareholder return of the S&P SmallCap 600 Index during specified performance periods as defined in the 2019 Omnibus Agreement and the 2016 Omnibus Agreement. The ROIC Awards will vest, if at all, upon our achieving a specified average return on invested capital during the performance periods. Each performance period generally begins on January 1 of the year of grant and ends 36 months later on December 31. We recognize compensation expense over the performance period in which the performance and market conditions are measured. If the PSUs do not vest at the end of the performance periods, then the PSUs will expire automatically. Upon vesting, the PSUs will be settled by the issuance of shares of our common stock, subject to the award recipient’s continued 66 Table of Contents employment. The actual number of shares of common stock to be issued to each award recipient at the end of the performance periods will be interpolated between a threshold and maximum payout amount based on actual performance results. No dividends will be paid on outstanding PSUs during the performance period; however, dividend equivalents will be paid based on the number of shares of common stock that are ultimately earned at the end of the performance periods. With respect to the TSR Awards, a participant will earn 50% of the target number of PSUs for “Threshold Performance,” 100% of the target number of PSUs for “Target Performance,” and 150% of the target number of PSUs for “Maximum Performance.” With respect to the ROIC Awards, a participant will earn 35% or 50% of the target number of PSUs for “Threshold Performance,” 100% of the target number of PSUs for “Target Performance,” and 150% of the target number of PSUs for “Maximum Performance.” For performance levels falling between the values shown below, the percentages will be determined by interpolation. The following tables present the goals with respect to TSR Awards and ROIC Awards granted in 2021, 2020, and 2019. TSR Awards: 2021 grants 2020 grants 2019 grants ROIC Awards: 2021 grants 2020 grants (2) 2019 grants _______________________________ Threshold Performance (50% of Shares) Target Performance (100% of Shares) Maximum Performance (150% of Shares) 35 th Percentile 35 th Percentile 35 th Percentile 50 th Percentile 50 th Percentile 50 th Percentile 75 th Percentile 75 th Percentile 75 th Percentile Threshold Performance (1) (35% or 50% of Shares) Target Performance (100% of Shares) Maximum Performance (150% of Shares) 6.3 % 6.7 % 4.7 % 7.0 % 7.9 % 5.8 % 8.6 % 8.7 % 7.0 % (1) Threshold performance for the 2021 grants and 2020 grants will earn 50% of the target number of PSUs. Threshold performance for the 2019 grants is 35% of the target number of PSUs. (2) The performance levels for 2020 grants were modified by the compensation committee of the board of directors in the first quarter of 2021 to adjust for the sale of the Life Sciences business and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Threshold Performance was changed to 6.7% to earn 50% of Shares, Target Performance was changed to 7.9% to earn 100% of Shares, and Maximum Performance was changed to 8.7% to earn 150% of Shares. We estimate the grant-date fair value of TSR Awards using the Monte Carlo simulation model, as the total shareholder return metric is considered a market condition under ASC Topic 718, Compensation – stock compensation. The grant-date fair value of ROIC Awards is based on the closing price of a share of our common stock on the date of grant. The following table presents the number of PSUs granted and the grant-date fair value of each award in the periods presented. Award Year 2021 2020 2019 TSR Awards ROIC Awards Shares (in thousands) Grant-Date Fair Value (per share) Shares (in thousands) Grant-Date Fair Value (per share) 142 $ 139 $ 136 $ 8.58 10.88 9.28 172 $ 157 $ 174 $ 7.20 9.44 7.93 We recognize expense for ROIC Awards based on the probable outcome of the associated performance condition. We generally recognize an expense for ROIC Awards based on the Target Performance threshold of 100% because, at the date of grant, the Target Performance is the probable level of performance achievement. 67 Table of Contents The following table presents the status of unvested PSUs as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the year then ended. Nonvested at January 1, 2021 Granted Forfeited Expired Nonvested at December 31, 2021 Nonvested TSR Awards Nonvested ROIC Awards Number of Shares (in thousands) Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Number of Shares (in thousands) Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value 138 $ 142 (61) (25) 194 $ 10.58 8.58 9.61 9.28 9.59 160 $ 172 (71) (33) 228 $ 9.13 7.20 8.17 7.93 8.14 None of the PSUs that were granted in 2017, 2018, and 2019 vested in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively, because the actual performance achieved was below the “Threshold Performance” level as defined by the grant agreements. Change in Vesting Estimates During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized a decrease in share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million in the “Selling, general, and administrative expense” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) to reverse cumulative expense for restricted stock and PSU awards that were forfeited upon termination of employment in excess of our estimated forfeiture rate and for ROIC Awards that were granted in 2020 and are now expected to achieve threshold performance rather than the target performance level. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized a decrease in share-based compensation expense in continuing operations of $0.3 million in the “Selling, general, and administrative expense” line of the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) to reverse cumulative expense for option, restricted stock, and PSU awards that were forfeited upon termination of employment and for ROIC Awards that were granted in 2019 and are not expected to achieve Threshold Performance. In 2020 we also recognized a decrease in share-based compensation expense of $0.5 million in the “Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) to reverse cumulative expense for option, restricted stock, and PSU awards that were forfeited upon termination of employees related to the Life Sciences business. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized a decrease in share-based compensation expense in continuing operations of $1.1 million in the “Selling, general, and administrative expense” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) to reverse cumulative expense for option, restricted stock, and PSU awards that were forfeited upon termination of employment. 68 Table of Contents Note 17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) are as follows: Balance at December 31, 2018 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (2) Net other comprehensive income (loss) Balance at December 31, 2019 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (2) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to loss on interest rate swap (3) Sale of discontinued operations Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) Balance at December 31, 2020 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (2) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to loss on interest rate swap (3) Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) Balance at December 31, 2021 _______________________________ (1) Income tax effect of changes in interest rate swap. (2) Represents interest rate swap settlements of effective hedge. Foreign Currency Translation Interest rate swap Income taxes (1) Total $ $ $ $ (31,314) $ (3,845) — (3,845) (35,159) $ (1,683) — — 5,961 4,278 (30,881) $ (1,135) — — (1,135) (32,016) $ — $ (13,645) 1,411 (12,234) (12,234) $ (16,207) 8,906 15,823 — 8,522 (3,712) $ 78 73 3,712 3,863 151 $ — $ 3,166 (327) 2,839 2,839 $ 3,764 (2,068) (3,674) — (1,978) 861 $ (19) (18) (861) (898) (37) $ (31,314) (14,324) 1,084 (13,240) (44,554) (14,126) 6,838 12,149 5,961 10,822 (33,732) (1,076) 55 2,851 1,830 (31,902) (3) Represents reclassification of derivative loss and settlements after discontinuation of hedge accounting. See Note 19 for further discussion of the interest rate swap. Note 18. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share In accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, a company that has participating securities is required to utilize the two-class method for calculating earnings per share (“EPS”) unless the treasury stock method results in lower EPS. The two-class method is an allocation of earnings between the holders of common stock and a company’s participating securities. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. To calculate diluted EPS, basic EPS is further adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive stock options, warrants, and convertible preferred stock. 69 Table of Contents The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share. Numerator: Loss from continuing operations Less: Preferred stock cumulative dividends and deemed dividends Numerator for basic and diluted loss from continuing operations per common share (1) Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 2) Numerator for basic and diluted undistributed net loss per common share (1) Denominator: Weighted average common shares outstanding Adjustment for unvested restricted common stock Adjustment for 2021 Warrants outstanding (2) Shares used to calculate income (loss) per share, basic and diluted Per common share net loss: Basic loss from continuing operations per common share Basic income (loss) from discontinued operations per common share Basic net loss per common share Diluted loss from continuing operations per common share Diluted income (loss) from discontinued operations per common share Diluted net loss per common share Cash dividends declared per common share _______________________________ (1) Preferred Stock does not participate in losses. 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 (14,425) $ (21,478) (35,903) 1,200 (34,703) $ (139,490) $ (12,373) (151,863) 38,898 (112,965) $ 42,991 (461) 1,481 44,011 42,692 (493) — 42,199 (0.82) $ 0.03 (0.79) $ (0.82) $ 0.03 (0.79) $ — $ (3.60) $ 0.92 (2.68) $ (3.60) $ 0.92 (2.68) $ — $ (30,749) (642) (31,391) (15,992) (47,383) 42,299 (269) — 42,030 (0.75) (0.38) (1.13) (0.75) (0.38) (1.13) 0.21 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (2) Weighted average 2021 Warrants outstanding are included in shares outstanding for calculation of basic earnings per share because they are exercisable at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, subject to certain adjustments (see Note 19). The following table presents potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share because they had an anti-dilutive effect. Options 2019 Warrants Series B Preferred Stock, as-converted 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 766 1,500 — 2,266 871 1,500 19,021 21,392 577 1,500 12,976 15,053 We have elected to allocate undistributed income to participating securities based on year-to-date results. As there was no undistributed income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, no such allocation was necessary. In addition, given the undistributed loss from continuing operations in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, all options and the 2019 Warrants are considered anti-dilutive and were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share. Stock options excluded from the calculations of diluted net income (loss) per share had a per share exercise price ranging from $7.93 to $25.16 for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and $8.54 to $25.16 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The 2019 Warrants excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share for the year ended December 31, 2021 had a per share exercise price of $11.49, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, had a per share exercise price of $12.00. Series B Preferred Stock excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, was calculated on an as-converted basis. 70 Table of Contents Note 19. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is an exit price representing the expected amount that an entity would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with market participants at the measurement date. We followed consistent methods and assumptions to estimate fair values as more fully described in Note 1. Fair value principles prioritize valuation inputs across three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. An asset or liability’s classification within the various levels is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our financial instruments that are subject to fair value disclosure consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, derivatives, and long-term debt. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated fair value. Derivative Financial Instruments Certain features were bifurcated and accounted for separately from the Series B Preferred Stock. The following features were recorded as derivatives. • Leverage ratio put feature. The Series B Preferred Stock included a redemption option based on a leverage ratio threshold that provided the preferred holder the option to convert the Series B Preferred Stock to a variable number of shares of common stock at a discount to the then fair value of our common stock. The conversion feature was considered a redemption right at a premium which was not clearly and closely related to the debt host. The conversion feature was terminated upon redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock in March 2021. • Dividends withholding. The Series B Preferred Stock bore a feature that could require us to make an effective distribution to purchasers which is indexed to the tax rate of the purchasers. This distribution would be partially offset by an adjustment to the redemption price and/or conversion rate. The dividends withholding feature was not clearly and closely related to the debt host. Upon redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock in March 2021, we made a net cash distribution of $3.0 million to settle this withholding feature after effectively receiving a $1.0 million offset from the purchasers upon redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock. • Warrants. In conjunction with our placement of the Series B Preferred Stock, we issued detachable warrants to purchase up to 1.5 million shares of our common stock (the “2019 Warrants”), which are exercisable, in full or in part, at any time prior to December 11, 2026. The original exercise price was $12.00 per share, subject to anti-dilution adjustments in the event of future below market issuances, stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. The issuance of the 2021 Warrants resulted in an adjusted exercise price of $11.49 per share for the 2019 Warrants because the new warrants have an exercise price below market value. Certain features were bifurcated and accounted for separately from the Series D Preferred Stock that was issued on March 22, 2021. The following features were recorded as derivatives. • Change-in-control put feature. The Series D Preferred Stock includes a put feature that allows the holder to redeem the Series D Preferred Stock upon a change in control at the greater of 1) the liquidation preference plus accrued dividends or 2) 140% of the liquidation preference. The put feature is considered a redemption right at a premium and is not clearly and closely related to the debt host. • Warrants. In conjunction with our placement of the Series D Preferred Stock, we issued detachable warrants to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of our common stock. The 2021 Warrants are exercisable, in full or in part, at any time prior to March 22, 2027, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, subject to anti-dilution adjustments in the event of certain future equity issuances, stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. The following tables show the liabilities measured at fair value for the above derivatives above as of December 31, 2021, and 2020. Description Derivative liability - other non-current liabilities Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021 Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) 7,771 — 453 71 Table of Contents Description Derivative liability - other current liabilities Derivative liability - other non-current liabilities Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2020 Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ — $ — — $ — $ — — $ 2,453 664 3,117 2,295 — (493) — 1,315 3,117 The following table presents the change in the Preferred Stock derivatives during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Beginning balance Issuances Change in fair value (1) Settlements Other (2) Ending balance _______________________________ Years Ended December 31, 2020 2021 $ $ 3,117 $ 15,121 (7,009) (3,005) — 8,224 $ (1) Changes in the fair value are recognized in the “Other expense (income), net” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). (2) In 2020, we determined that certain anti-dilution provisions of the Warrants require liability accounting; therefore, we reclassified the $1.1 million value of the Warrants recorded in Stockholders’ Equity as of December 31, 2019, to a liability during the year ended December 31, 2020. The fair value of the change-in-control put feature utilizes unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assessment of the probability of a change-in- control event occurring in a future period. The probability of a change-in-control event ranged from 1% to 10% as of December 31, 2021. The leverage ratio put feature and the dividends withholding feature utilized unobservable inputs based on the best information available to determine the probability of the Series B Preferred Stock remaining outstanding for future periods. These inputs included probability assessments of how long the Series B Preferred Stock would remain outstanding and whether the leverage ratio threshold would be exceeded. Inputs also included the percentage of Series B Preferred Stock held by non-U.S. resident holders and the applicable tax withholding rates for those holders. The probability of the Series B Preferred Stock remaining in future periods ranged from 3% to 2% as of December 31, 2020. The leverage ratio put feature also utilized unobservable inputs to determine the probability of the leverage ratio put being exercisable as of March 31, 2023, which ranged from 10% to 1% as of December 31, 2020. These probabilities were determined based on management’s assessment of facts and circumstances at each reporting date. An increase in these probabilities would have resulted in an increase in the derivative liability fair value. Given the Series B Preferred Stock value changed by period as a result of dividends and redemption premiums, weighted average values for these assumptions are not meaningful. The fair value of the 2019 Warrants is determined using a valuation model that utilizes unobservable inputs to determine the probability that the 2019 Warrants will remain outstanding for future periods. The probabilities resulted in a weighted average term of 3.6 years as of December 31, 2021, and 2.4 years as of December 31, 2020. The fair value of the 2021 Warrants is determined using the observable market price of a share of our common stock, less the $0.01 per share exercise price. Interest Rate Swaps We manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates using a mix of fixed and variable rate debt. We utilize fixed-rate interest rate swap agreements to change the variable interest rate to a fixed rate on a portion of our variable rate debt. On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291% (the “2021 Swap”). The 2021 Swap has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. The objective of the 2021 Swap is to eliminate the variability of 72 Table of Contents cash flows in interest payments on the first $60.0 million of variable rate debt attributable to changes in benchmark one-month LIBOR interest rates. The hedged risk is the interest rate risk exposure to changes in interest payments, attributable to changes in benchmark one-month LIBOR interest rates over the interest rate swap term. The changes in cash flows of the interest rate swap are expected to exactly offset changes in cash flows of the variable rate debt. We designated the 2021 Swap as a cash flow hedge at inception. Cash settlements of the 2021 Swap are recognized in interest expense. On February 8, 2019, we entered into a $700.0 million fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement that changed the LIBOR-based portion of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 2.4575% (the “2019 Swap”). On March 22, 2021, we terminated the 2019 Swap with a $13.7 million cash payment in connection with the extinguishment of our previously outstanding long-term variable-rate debt. The 2019 Swap was designated as a cash flow hedge at inception. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, the 2019 Swap no longer qualified as an effective hedge, and subsequent changes in fair value of the 2019 Swap were recognized in earnings. Amounts recognized in earnings related to the 2019 Swap are recorded in the “Loss on interest rate swap” line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) except that cash settlements prior to termination are recognized in “Derivative payments on interest rate swap.” Cash settlements during 2021 and the fourth quarter of 2020 are presented in investing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table presents the effect of the interest rate swaps on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Interest expense (1) Derivative payments on interest rate swap (2) Loss on interest rate swap (2) _______________________________ 2021 Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ 73 $ 1,717 2,033 8,906 $ 4,133 11,669 1,411 — — (1) Represents settlements on the interest rate swaps while the hedges are effective. (2) Represents settlements and changes in fair value on the 2019 Swap while the hedge was ineffective. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we reported a $0.1 million gain and a $2.9 million loss, respectively, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the interest rate swap. The following tables present the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the interest rate swap as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. Description Derivative asset - other non-current assets Derivative liability - other current liabilities Total Description Derivative liability - other current liabilities Derivative liability - other non-current liabilities Total Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ — $ — — $ 284 $ (129) 155 $ — — — Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2020 Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ — $ — — $ (11,022) $ (4,357) (15,379) $ — — — The inputs for determining fair value of the interest rate swap are classified as Level 2 inputs. Level 2 fair value is based on estimates using standard pricing models. These standard pricing models use inputs which are derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as interest rate yield curves, index forward curves, discount curves, and volatility surfaces. Counterparty to this derivative contract is a highly rated financial institution which we believe carries only a minimal risk of nonperformance. 73 Table of Contents Fixed Rate Debt The fair value of our outstanding fixed-rate debt included in the “International lines of credit and other loans” line item within Note 11 to these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements approximated carrying value as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These fair values represent Level 2 under the three-tier hierarchy described above. The carrying value of this fixed-rate debt was $10.9 million and $14.4 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Note 20. Subsequent Event Debt Amendment On March 3, 2022, we amended the Term Loan Facility to adjust certain covenants under the agreement. The amendment increases the maximum total leverage ratio for all quarters of 2022 and 2023. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Dismissal of Previous Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm On May 29, 2020, the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors dismissed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) as our independent registered public accounting firm. The reports of PwC on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles. During the year ended December 31, 2019, and during the interim period through May 29, 2020, there were (i) no disagreements within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K between the Company and PwC on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, any of which, if not resolved to PwC’s satisfaction, would have caused PwC to make reference thereto in their reports, and (ii) no “reportable events” within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K, except as noted below. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting previously reported in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 16, 2020, related to (a) an ineffective control environment due to a lack of a sufficient complement of personnel with an appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training commensurate with our financial reporting requirements and (b) ineffective design and maintenance of monitoring controls over our Paragon Medical business. These material weaknesses contributed to additional material weakness in that we (1) did not design and maintain effective internal controls over the accounting for transactions in the revenue and receivables business process within our Paragon Medical business to determine whether the transactions occurred and were complete and accurate, and (2) did not design and maintain effective controls over certain information technology general controls within our Paragon Medical business for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our financial statements. Additionally, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, we did not maintain effective control activities at one of our smaller foreign subsidiaries in which certain employees intentionally did not operate the controls related to inventory quantities as designed that resulted in the creation of unsupported physical inventory counts and inventory quantity adjustments. Appointment of New Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm On May 29, 2020, the Audit Committee approved the engagement of Grant Thornton LLP (“Grant Thornton”) as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2020, effective immediately. During the year ended December 31, 2019, and during the interim period through May 29, 2020, neither the Company nor anyone acting on its behalf consulted with Grant Thornton regarding any of the matters described in Items 304(a)(2)(i) and (ii) of Regulation S-K. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2021, to ensure that information required to be disclosed 74 Table of Contents in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The management of NN, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the criteria described in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021. Grant Thornton LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that has audited our consolidated financial statements, has audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, as stated in their report included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2021, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not applicable. 75 Table of Contents Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance PART III The information required by this Item 10 of Form 10-K concerning our directors is contained in our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2021 (“our definitive proxy statement”), and in accordance with General Instruction G to Form 10-K, is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Our Code of Conduct/Ethics Statement, as amended (the “Code”), is applicable to all officers, directors, and employees. The Code is posted on our website at www.nninc.com. Information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report. We will satisfy any disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, any provision of the Code with respect to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and persons performing similar functions by disclosing the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website or in a Current Report on Form 8-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required by Item 11 of Form 10-K is contained in the sections entitled “Information about the Directors and the Director Nominees — Compensation of Directors” and “Executive Compensation” of our definitive proxy statement and, in accordance with General Instruction G to Form 10-K, is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by Item 12 of Form 10-K is contained in the section entitled “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock” of our definitive proxy statement and, in accordance with General Instruction G to Form 10-K, is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K concerning our equity compensation plans is set forth in the table below. Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total Table of Equity Compensation Plan Information (in thousands, except per share data) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (a) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 621 $ — 621 $ 12.24 — 12.24 2,207 — 2,207 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by this Item 13 of Form 10-K regarding review, approval, or ratification of transactions with related persons is contained in the section entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” of our definitive proxy statement and, in accordance with General Instruction G to Form 10-K, is hereby incorporated herein by reference. The information required by this Item 13 of Form 10-K regarding director independence is contained in the section entitled “Information about the Directors and the Director Nominees” of our definitive proxy statement and, in accordance with General Instruction G to Form 10-K, is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required by this Item 14 of Form 10-K concerning our accounting fees and services is contained in the section entitled “Fees Paid to Registered Independent Public Accounting Firm” of our definitive proxy statement and, in accordance with General Instruction G to Form 10-K, is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 76 Table of Contents Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules (a) Documents Filed as Part of this Report 1. Financial Statements PART IV The consolidated financial statements of NN, Inc. filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K begin on the following pages hereof: Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page 34 38 39 40 41 42 2. Financial Statement Schedules The required information is reflected in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements within Item 8. 3. Exhibits NN, Inc. will provide without charge to any person, upon the written request of such person, a copy of any of the following Exhibits to this Form 10-K. Exhibit Number 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Exhibit Description Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 18, 2014, by and among NN, Inc., PMC Global Acquisition Corporation, Autocam Corporation, Newport Global Advisors, L.P., and John C. Kennedy Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 17, 2015, by and among NN, Inc., Precision Engineered Products Holdings, Inc. and PEP Industries, LLC Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2017, by and between NN, Inc. and TSUBAKI NAKASHIMA Co., Ltd. Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 2, 2018, by and among NN, Inc. Precision Engineered Products LLC, Paragon Equity LLC, and PMG Intermediate Holding Corporation Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2020, by and between NN, Inc., Precision Engineered Products Holdings, Inc. and ASP Navigate Acquisition Corp. Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NN, Inc. Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NN, Inc. (Declassification). Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NN, Inc. (Share Increase) Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of NN, Inc., as filed with the Secretary of the State of Delaware Certificate of Designation of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of NN, Inc. Incorporation by Reference Form 8-K SEC File No. 000-23486 Exhibit 2.1 Filing Date July 22, 2014 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K S-3 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 001-39268 333-89950 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 August 18, 2015 July 10, 2017 April 3, 2018 August 24, 2020 June 6, 2002 May 20, 2019 May 20, 2019 December 18, 2008 December 11, 2019 77 Table of Contents Exhibit Number Exhibit Description 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 10.1* 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* 10.5 10.6 10.7* 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 Certificate of Designations of Series C Junior Participating Preferred Stock of NN, Inc. Amended and Restated By-Laws of NN, Inc. Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of NN, Inc. Certificate of Designation of Series D Preferred Stock The specimen stock certificate representing NN, Inc.’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share Stockholders’ Agreement, effective as of August 29, 2014, by and between NN, Inc. and John C. Kennedy Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant Rights Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2020, between NN, Inc. and Computershare Inc., as Rights Agent. Description of Securities Common Stock Warrant NN, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan NN, Inc. 2011 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan Form of Indemnification Agreement Elective Deferred Compensation Plan, dated February 26, 1999 Escrow Agreement, effective as of August 29, 2014, by and among NN, Inc., Newport Global Advisors, L.P., John C. Kennedy and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. Indemnity Agreement, effective as of August 29, 2014, by and among NN, Inc. and each of the shareholders of Autocam Corporation identified therein Executive Employment Agreement, dated September 9, 2014, between NN, Inc. and Warren A. Veltman Amendment and Restatement Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2016, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, SunTrust Bank, KeyBank National Association and Regions Bank Incremental Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, among NN, Inc., the Guarantors, HomeTrust Bank, as 2016 Revolving Credit Increase Lender, KeyBank National Association, as an L/C Issuer, Regions Bank, as Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer, and SunTrust Bank, as Administrative Agent and an L/C Issuer NN, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement under the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan 78 Incorporation by Reference Form 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K S-3 8-K 8-K 8-K 10-K 8-K S-8 DEF14A S-3/A 10-K 8-K 8-K 10-K 8-K SEC File No. 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-39268 333-89950 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-39268 000-39268 333-130395 000-23486 333-89950 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 Exhibit 3.1 Filing Date April 16, 2020 3.1 3.3 3.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.1 4.1 Appendix A 10.6 10.16 10.3 10.4 10.27 10.1 November 20, 2015 May 20, 2019 March 22, 2021 June 6, 2002 September 2, 2014 December 11, 2019 April 16, 2020 March 15, 2021 March 22, 2021 December 16, 2005 April 1, 2016 July 15, 2002 March 31, 1999 September 2, 2014 September 2, 2014 March 16, 2015 October 3, 2016 8-K 000-23486 10.1 November 4, 2016 DEF14A 10-K 000-23486 000-23486 Appendix A 10.18 November 10, 2016 March 16, 2017 10-K 10-K 000-23486 000-23486 10.19 10.20 March 16, 2017 March 16, 2017 Table of Contents Exhibit Number 10.14 10.15* 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24* 10.25* 10.26 10.27* Exhibit Description Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement under the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan Separation Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2017, by and between NN, Inc. and Matthew S. Heiter. Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 3, 2017, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, SunTrust Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., KeyBank National Association and Regions Bank Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 15, 2017, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, and SunTrust Bank, Regions Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., HomeTrust Bank and Key Bank National Association, collectively, the Revolving Credit Lenders, and SunTrust Bank, as the Administrative Agent. Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 24, 2017, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent, and certain lenders named therein. Commitment Letter, dated as of April 2, 2018, by and among NN, Inc., SunTrust Bank and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. Amendment No. 4 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 7, 2018, by and among NN, Inc., the affiliated Guarantors party thereto, SunTrust Bank, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. and the Lenders party thereto Amendment No. 5 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 26, 2018, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent and certain lenders named therein Cooperation Agreement dated February 25, 2019, by and among NN, Inc., Legion Partners Asset Management, LLC, and certain persons listed therein Amendment No. 6 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated March 15, 2019, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent and certain lenders named therein NN, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Separation Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2017, by and between NN, Inc. and D. Gail Nixon. Amendment No. 7 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated June 11, 2019, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent and certain lenders named therein Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan. 79 Incorporation by Reference Form 10-K 10-Q 8-K SEC File No. 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 Exhibit 10.21 10.2 10.1 Filing Date March 16, 2017 May 4, 2017 April 4, 2017 8-K 000-23486 10.1 August 18, 2017 8-K 000-23486 10.1 November 24, 2017 8-K 8-K 000-23486 000-23486 10.1 10.1 April 3, 2018 May 7, 2018 8-K 000-23486 10.1 December 26, 2018 8-K 8-K 000-23486 000-23486 10.1 10.1 February 26, 2019 March 18, 2019 DEF14A 10-Q 000-23486 000-23486 Appendix C 10.1 April 8, 2019 May 10, 2019 8-K 000-23486 10.1 June 12, 2019 10-Q 000-23486 10.4 August 9, 2019 Table of Contents Exhibit Number Exhibit Description 10.28* 10.29* 10.30* 10.31* 10.32* 10.33* 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37* 10.38* 10.39 10.40 10.41* 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Letter of Understanding and Relocation Agreement, effective as of August 23, 2019, by and between NN, Inc. and Thomas DeByle. Form of Separation Agreement. Amendment No. 1 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2019, by and between NN, Inc. and Warren A. Veltman Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 5, 2019, by and among NN, Inc. and the Investors. Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 11, 2019, by and among NN, Inc. and the Investors. Amendment No. 8 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 19, 2019, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent and certain lenders named therein Amendment No. 2 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2020, by and between NN, Inc. and Warren A. Veltman Executive Employment Agreement dated October 3, 2014, between the Company and John R. Buchan Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 29, 2020, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, Truist Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., KeyBank National Association and HomeTrust Bank Amendment No. 2 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2020, by and among NN, Inc., certain NN, Inc. subsidiaries named therein, Truist Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., KeyBank National Association and HomeTrust Bank Form of Retention Bonus Agreement Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 22, 2021, by and between NN, Inc. and the NGTV Nevada Holdings LP Board Observer Agreement, dated March 22, 2021, by and between NN, Inc. and the NHTV Nevada Holdings LP Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated March 22, 2021, by and among NN, Inc., as borrower, and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent Credit Agreement, dated March 22, 2021, by and among NN, Inc., as borrower, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent 80 Incorporation by Reference Form 10-Q 10-Q 10-Q 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K SEC File No. 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 000-23486 8-K 000-23486 10-Q 8-K 001-39268 001-39268 Exhibit 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 Filing Date August 9, 2019 August 9, 2019 August 9, 2019 August 27, 2019 August 27, 2019 September 24, 2019 December 11, 2019 December 11, 2019 December 19, 2019 February 20, 2020 May 11, 2020 July 31, 2020 8-K 001-39268 10.1 August 24, 2020 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 001-39268 000-39268 000-39268 000-39268 000-39268 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 October 19, 2020 March 22, 2021 March 22, 2021 March 22, 2021 March 22, 2021 Incorporation by Reference SEC File No. 000-39268 Exhibit 10.1 Filing Date May 14, 2021 000-39268 000-39268 000-39268 10.1 10.2 10.1 June 15, 2021 June 15, 2021 March 4, 2022 Form 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K Table of Contents Exhibit Number 10.46 10.47* 10.48* 10.49 21.1# 23.1# 23.2# 31.1# 31.2# 32.1## 32.2## 101.INS# 101.SCH# 101.CAL# 101.LAB# 101.PRE# 101.DEF# Exhibit Description Cooperation Agreement, dated May 13, 2021, among NN, Inc., Corre Partners Management, LLC, and each of the persons listed on the signature page thereto Separation Agreement and General Release, dated June 14, 2021, by and between NN, Inc. and Thomas D. DeByle Separation Agreement by and between NN, Inc. and Michael C. Felcher Amendment No. 1 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of March 3, 2022, by and among NN, Inc., certain subsidiaries of NN, Inc., the lenders party thereto, and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent. List of Subsidiaries of NN, Inc. Consent of Grant Thornton LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act XBRL Instance Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Service Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document XBRL Definition Linkbase Document _______________________________ * # ## Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Filed herewith This certification is being furnished solely to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filings. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 81 Table of Contents Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES NN, Inc. By: /s/ Warren A. Veltman Warren A. Veltman President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director Date: March 11, 2022 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Name and Signature Title Date President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) March 11, 2022 March 11, 2022 Non-Executive Chairman, Director March 11, 2022 /s/ Warren A. Veltman Warren A. Veltman /s/ Michael C. Felcher Michael C. Felcher /s/ Jeri J. Harman Jeri J. Harman /s/ Raynard D. Benvenuti Raynard D. Benvenuti /s/ Robert E. Brunner Robert E. Brunner /s/ Christina E. Carroll Christina E. Carroll /s/ João Faria João Faria Director Director Director Director /s/ Rajeev Gautam, Ph.D. Rajeev Gautam, Ph.D. Director /s/ Shihab Kuran, Ph.D. Shihab Kuran, Ph.D. /s/ Tom H. Wilson, Jr. Tom H. Wilson, Jr. Director Director 82 March 11, 2022 March 11, 2022 March 11, 2022 March 11, 2022 March 11, 2022 March 11, 2022 March 11, 2022 Subsidiaries of Registrant Exhibit 21.1 Subsidiaries of NN, Inc. Advanced Precision Products, Inc. Autocam (China) Automotive Components Co., Ltd. Autocam Corporation Autocam do Brasil Usinagem, Ltda. Autocam Equipment Holdings, LLC Autocam Equipment, LLC Autocam Europe, B.V. Autocam France, S.A.R.L. Autocam International, Ltd. Autocam Poland Sp. z.o.o. Autocam South Carolina, Inc. Autocam-Pax, Inc. Bouverat Industries, S.A.S. Brainin (Foshan) Precision Engineered Products Co. Ltd. Brainin de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Brainin-Advance Industries LLC Caprock Enclosures, LLC Caprock Manufacturing, Inc. General Metal Finishing LLC Holmed, LLC HowesTemco, LLC Industrial Molding Corporation Kugelfertigung Eltmann GmbH NN Euroball Ireland Ltd. NN Power Solutions, LLC NN Power Solutions Holdings, LLC NN Precision Plastics, Inc. PMC Acquisition Company, Inc. PMC USA Acquisition Company, Inc. PNC Acquisition Company Inc. Polymetallurgical LLC Precision Metal Components Mexico SRL Premco, Inc. Profiles Incorporated Southern California Technical Arts, Inc. Triumph LLC Wauconda Tool & Engineering LLC Whirlaway Corporation Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization Delaware China Michigan Brazil Delaware Delaware Netherlands France Michigan Poland Michigan Michigan France China Mexico Delaware Texas Texas Delaware Delaware Delaware Tennessee Germany Ireland Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Mexico Massachusetts Massachusetts California Arizona Delaware Ohio Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We have issued our reports dated March 11, 2022, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of NN, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of NN, Inc. on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-174519, 333-130395, 333-216739, and 333- 232258). /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Charlotte, North Carolina March 11, 2022 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-174519, 333-130395, 333-216739 and 333- 232258) of NN, Inc. of our report dated March 16, 2020, except for the effect of discontinued operations discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is March 15, 2021 and except for the 2019 summarized financial information of the unconsolidated joint venture in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is March 11, 2022, relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in this Form 10-K. Exhibit 23.2 /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Atlanta, Georgia March 11, 2022 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED Exhibit 31.1 I, Warren A. Veltman, certify that: 1) I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of NN, Inc.; 2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of the annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 11, 2022 /s/ Warren A. Veltman Warren A. Veltman President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED Exhibit 31.2 I, Michael C. Felcher, certify that: 1) I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of NN, Inc.; 2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of the annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 11, 2022 /s/ Michael C. Felcher Michael C. Felcher Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of NN, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the annual period ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacity and date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods indicated. Date: March 11, 2022 /s/ Warren A. Veltman Warren A. Veltman President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the Annual Report of NN, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the annual period ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacity and date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods indicated. Date: March 11, 2022 /s/ Michael C. Felcher Michael C. Felcher Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) 

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