2015 annual report
A V I S I O N F O R T H E F U T U R E O F E Y E C A R E
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-33678
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
68-0454536
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
5980 Horton Street, Suite 550, Emeryville CA 94608
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (510) 899-8800
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
Name of each exchange on which registered
NYSE Mkt
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every
Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by a check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will
not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III
of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☒
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 30, 2015, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to
the last sale price of such stock as of such date on the NYSE Mkt, was approximately $38,118,763. This figure excludes an aggregate of
532,441 shares of common stock held by officers and directors as of June 30, 2015. Exclusion of shares held by any of these persons should
not be construed to indicate that such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the management or
policies of the registrant, or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the registrant.
As of February 29, 2016, there were 5,003,257 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III incorporates information by reference from the Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders expected to
be held in June 2016.
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS .................................................................................................................................................... 1
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS ........................................................................................................................................... 6
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS ........................................................................................................ 17
PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................................................... 17
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.............................................................................................................................. 17
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES ................................................................................................................. 17
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES ....................................................................... 17
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ................................................................................................................. 19
ITEM 6.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 20
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK .............................. 30
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA .............................................................. 31
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE .................................................................................................................... 59
ITEM 9A CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES .............................................................................................................. 59
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................. 59
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ....................................... 60
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION................................................................................................................. 60
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ................................................................................................ 60
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 60
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES ................................................................................ 60
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES ............................................................................. 60
Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” and “NovaBay”
refer to NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
NovaBay®, NovaBay Pharma®, Avenova®, NeutroPhase®, CelleRx®, AgaNase®, Aganocide®, AgaDerm®, Neutrox™ and
Going Beyond Antibiotics® are trademarks of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the
property of their respective owners.
On December 18, 2015, the Company effected a 1-for-25 reverse split of its common stock. The accompanying financial
statements and related notes give retroactive effect to this reverse stock split.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on
information currently available to our management. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to,
statements regarding our product candidates, market opportunities, competitions, strategies, anticipated trends and
challenges in our business and the markets in which we operate, and anticipated expenses and capital requirements. In some
cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,”
“expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar
expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different
from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We discuss
many of these risks in this report in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report. Given these
uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. You should read this report and the
documents that we reference in this report and have filed as exhibits to the report completely and with the understanding that
our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Also, forward-looking statements represent our
management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation
to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from
those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company developing products for the eye care market. We are currently focused primarily
on commercializing prescription Avenova® for managing hygiene of the eyelids and lashes in the United States.
Avenova is the only eye care product formulated with a proprietary, stable and pure form of hypochlorous acid called
Neutrox™. By replicating the anti-microbial chemicals used by white blood cells to fight infection, Neutrox has proven in
laboratory testing to have broad antimicrobial properties. Avenova with Neutrox removes debris from the skin on the eyelids
and lashes without burning or stinging.
In November 2015, we introduced a new business strategy to focus on growing sales of Avenova in the U.S. market and
to restructure our business with the goal of achieving profitability from operations by the end of 2016. Our three-part business
strategy is comprised of: (1) focusing our resources on growing the commercial sales of Avenova in the U.S. eye care market,
including the implementation of an innovative sales and marketing strategy to increase product margin and profitability; (2)
significantly reducing expenses through the restructuring of our operations and other cost reduction measures; and (3) seeking
additional sources of revenue through partnering, divesting and/or other means of monetizing non-core assets in urology,
dermatology, and wound care.
We have developed additional commercial products containing Neutrox, including our NeutroPhase® Skin and Wound
Cleanser for wound care and CelleRx® for the dermatology market. We have partnerships for NeutroPhase in the U.S. as well
as select overseas markets, most notably China.
In addition to our Neutrox family of products, we have also synthesized and developed a second category of novel
compounds aimed at harnessing the power of white blood cell chemistry to address the global, topical anti-infective market.
This second product category includes auriclosene, our lead clinical-stage Aganocide® compound, which is a patented,
synthetic molecule with a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses and fungi.
We were incorporated under the laws of the State of California on January 19, 2000, as NovaCal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
and subsequently changed our name to NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In June 2010, we changed the state in which we are
incorporated (the “Reincorporation”) to the State of Delaware. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” or
NovaBay” herein refer to the California corporation prior to the date of the Reincorporation, and to the Delaware corporation
on and after the date of the Reincorporation.
1
Avenova
Sales and Marketing
Prescription Avenova (0.01% Neutrox) is well-suited for daily eyelid and eyelash hygiene by approximately 30 million
Americans who suffer from blepharitis and dry eye. Additionally, we estimate that an additional 11 million patients suffering
from other conditions could potentially benefit from the use of Avenova, bringing the total potential market to approximately
41 million patients.
A growing number of patients have found Avenova, which is used twice daily, to be soothing and effective in removing
microorganisms and debris that can cause inflammation, itching and other painful symptoms of the eyelids and lashes. As
described below, many key opinion leaders in the field of ophthalmology and optometry have embraced Avenova as a tool
in the management of lid and lash hygiene.
We are targeting a customer base of prescribers that includes the approximately 17,000 ophthalmologists and
approximately 37,000 optometrists in the U.S. In August 2014, we launched a dedicated Avenova sales force of 10 direct
medical sales representatives in 10 major metropolitan areas across the United States. This sales and marketing campaign
initially targeted major urban areas where large numbers of individuals suffer from problems with their eyelids and lashes.
These markets included New York, Los Angeles, Boston, Atlanta, and San Francisco.
In January 2015, we rebranded our product originally known as i-Lid Cleanser as Avenova in order to more clearly
differentiate this prescription product from over-the-counter (OTC) detergent-based lid wipes. Our prescription-only
Avenova offers advantages as a part of the regimen for managing these disorders compared with alternative regimens that
contain soaps, bleach and other impurities. Avenova removes micro-organisms from the skin without the use of harmful
ingredients like detergents and bleach.
Based on positive sales performance, we expanded our sales force to 35 direct medical sales representatives in February
2015 and to 43 direct medical sales representatives in August 2015. The sales representatives recruited for this effort have
extensive experience with eye care products and medical devices—a skill set critical for rapid adoption of Avenova. Based
on extensive market research, we have assigned our sales representatives to the markets across the U.S. representing the
highest sales potential. These direct medical sales representatives are calling on targeted ophthalmologists and optometrists
in those markets. These targeted doctors treat large numbers of blepharitis and dry eye patients. Avenova is a natural
addition to their existing lid hygiene regimens.
We have distribution agreements with McKesson Corporation, Cardinal Health and AmerisourceBergen Corporation
that make Avenova accessible in 90% of the approximate 67,000 retail pharmacies across the U.S. Avenova also is marketed
through the top ophthalmology and optometry networks. These include Vision Source Independent Optometry Network, the
largest independent optometry network in the country representing 2,800 independent optometrist offices, and ALLDocs
Optometry Group (also known as The Association of LensCrafters Leaseholding Doctors), the second largest independent
optometry group in the U.S., which works closely with its LensCrafters partners. Through a partnership with ALPHAEON,
Avenova is available to member ophthalmologists on the ShoutMD® Store, the first social commerce store for lifestyle
healthcare products. Avenova is also available for order online with a prescription, and we provide an online pharmacy locator
to assist patients with filling prescriptions.
We expect continued benefit from the support of the key opinion leaders on our Ophthalmic and Optometry Advisory
Boards, our active schedule of educational and marketing programs and strong presence at major eye care conferences in the
coming months, including the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Optometric Association, the American
Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Conferences and the South Eastern Congress of Optometry, as well as numerous
Vision Expo meetings held around the U.S. We also plan to continue advertising in leading ophthalmic and optometric trade
journals. At meetings, in professional publications and in surveys, nationally prominent ophthalmologists and optometrists
are reporting on improvements in eye care from the use of Avenova.
We reported increases in key metrics throughout 2015, including the number of optometrists and ophthalmologists
purchasing Avenova for their practices. We also reported growth in prescription volume as reported by distributors and the
number of retail pharmacies ordering Avenova, both of which have been confirmed by third-party prescription data providers.
Increases in Avenova volume include growth of both Avenova product reorders and new prescriptions.
We expect that our prescription business will be the main driver of long-term Avenova sales growth. Reimbursement
under insurance coverage continues to grow with 68% of Avenova prescriptions covered by insurance plans at the end of
2015. Supported by the high percentage rate of insurance reimbursement, we are focusing our primary sales efforts on
2
building our prescription business under a new value pricing model. We are working to improve insurance reimbursement
coverage for Avenova and aligning our product pricing accordingly.
Although we are focusing on our prescription sales, we expect continued growth in the doctor to patient direct sales
channel. We also expect to invest in systems that support prescribing physicians’ efforts to educate their patients. We have
made it easy for doctors to get Avenova into the hands of patients by providing availability through well-known national
pharmacy chains, specialty pharmacies, or directly through the practitioners’ office. Furthermore, in order to ensure consistent
pricing, we have instituted rebate cards to ensure the best price for the patient at the pharmacy. This sales model combined
with the prospect for further increases in reimbursement under insurance plans has the potential to provide us with additional
revenue upside.
Competition
Our Avenova product is competing in the lid and lash hygiene market. Avenova has the distinct competitive advantage
of being the only product for the management of eye conditions that contains our proprietary Neutrox, which is pure
hypochlorous acid. Neutrox was cleared by the U.S. FDA as a prescription medical device for the cleansing and removal of
microorganisms from wounds and skin.
There are many companies that sell lid and lash scrubs, most of these are surfactant (soap) based, such as lid scrubs or
baby shampoos. Prescription Avenova has been shown to neutralize bacterial toxins in vitro and is designed for continuous
daily eyelid hygiene. Unlike its competitors, Avenova consists of saline and 0.01% pure hypochlorous acid, without the
bleach impurities included in competitive offerings. Newer prescription products have more recently been commercially
launched; however, all include bleach or other impurities. We believe that physicians and their patients will choose Avenova
over competitive prescription products or diluted soap, such as some OTC products.
Partnerships to Monetize Other Assets
We intend to seek additional sources of revenue and reduce expenses by licensing or selling select non-core assets,
possibly including intelli-Case, NeutroPhase, CelleRx and our Aganocide compounds, including auriclosene.
Currently, the program with the most potential is our urology program. Statistically-significant and clinically-meaningful
results from a Phase 2 clinical study of our Auriclosene Irrigation Solution (AIS) used to reduce urinary catheter blockage
and encrustation (UCBE), were announced in September 2013. This study, comparing AIS to saline solution, achieved its
primary endpoints and showed clear benefits for patients with long-term indwelling catheters. We initiated the next Phase 2
study in the fourth quarter of 2014, and in the fourth quarter of 2015, we announced completion of that study. Patients with
long-term indwelling urinary catheters were treated with AIS or its Vehicle. The results of this more demanding study showed
that AIS was better than its Vehicle in preventing the reduction of flow through catheters due to encrustation, the primary
efficacy measure, by a statistically-significant margin. Furthermore, there were no cases of clinical catheter blockage in the
AIS arm of the study; all cases of clinical blockage requiring catheter removal occurred only in the Vehicle arm.
NovaClear intelli-Case
In June 2015, we received FDA-clearance for the NovaClear intelli-Case, a highly innovative, easy-to-use device for use
with hydrogen peroxide disinfection solutions for soft and rigid gas permeable contact lenses. More than 24 million
Americans disinfect their contact lenses with a multipurpose disinfection system to prevent potentially serious infections.
Approximately two million use hydrogen peroxide as a disinfection solution. Many ophthalmologists and optometrists favor
the disinfection and lens material compatibility peroxide systems provide, yet side effects associated with misuse and non-
compliance minimize peroxide system use. Hydrogen peroxide in too low of a concentration does not fully disinfect lenses
and in too high of a concentration can irritate the eye.
The intelli-Case monitors the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide during the disinfection cycle with sophisticated
microprocessor electronics embedded in the cap of what otherwise looks like a standard peroxide lens case. The LED
indicators on the lid inform the user if the lenses are safe to insert into the eyes, resulting in a disinfection system that is safe
yet simple to use. We are seeking potential partners with the resources to make this break-through device available to the
largest number of contact lens wearers as soon as possible.
3
Additional Neutrox-based Products
Although Avenova with Neutrox is NovaBay’s primary commercial focus, over the past ten years NovaBay has
developed additional Neutrox-related products. In addition to Avenova, the Neutrox branded products currently being
commercialized as prescription medical devices are NeutroPhase and CelleRx. Similar to Avenova, we believe the principal
competitive advantage of these products in our target markets is the fact that in-vitro studies show their effectiveness in
killing bacteria, fungi and viruses, including bacteria in biofilm; very low potential for the development of resistance; fast
time to kill bacteria; a wide safety margin; a low side-effect profile and cost effectiveness.
NeutroPhase (Wound Care). Since its launch in the U.S. in 2013, NeutroPhase has impacted how wound care is
administered. Consisting of 0.03% Neutrox, NeutroPhase is used to cleanse and remove microorganisms from any type of
acute or chronic wound, and can be used with any type of wound care modality. Recently, NeutroPhase has been found to be
an effective irrigation solution as part of the adjunct treatment for Necrotizing Fasciitis (“NF”). Also known as flesh-eating
disease, NF typically has a high mortality and amputation rate (30% and 70%, respectively) even with aggressive debridement
and antibiotic treatment. In vitro studies have shown that in solution, NeutroPhase both kills the microorganisms implicated
in NF and neutralizes the toxins secreted by the microorganisms. Success using NeutroPhase as an irrigation solution has
established it as an effective part of the adjunct treatment for this deadly disease.
We believe that NeutroPhase is a well-suited product to treat the six million patients in the U.S. who suffer from chronic
non-healing wounds, such as pressure, venous stasis and diabetic ulcers. In the U.S. and internationally, NeutroPhase is
distributed through commercial partners. In January 2012, we entered into an exclusive distribution agreement with Pioneer
Pharma Company Limited, or “Pioneer,” a Shanghai-based company, for the distribution of NeutroPhase throughout
Southeast Asia and mainland China. We subsequently expanded the agreement with Pioneer so that it includes the licensing
rights to CelleRx and Avenova. In September 2014, China’s Food and Drug Administration cleared our NeutroPhase Skin
and Wound Cleanser for sale throughout mainland China. In November 2014, Taiwan’s Food and Drug Administration
cleared our NeutroPhase Skin and Wound Cleanser for sale in Taiwan. We began shipping NeutroPhase to China and Taiwan
in the fourth quarter of 2014 to support our launch of NeutroPhase Skin and Wound Cleanser by Pioneer. In the U.S.,
NeutroPhase is distributed through our partner, Principle Business Enterprise (“PBE”).
In March 2015, the National Necrotizing Fasciitis Foundation (“NNFF”) named NeutroPhase its official “Flesh Eating
Disease” wound cleanser. The NNFF is a non-profit organization established in 1997 by two survivors of the disease. NNFF
has evolved to become the world’s leading resource for information regarding necrotizing fasciitis, as well as a repository of
cases reported worldwide.
NeutroPhase is competing in a crowded skin and wound cleanser market with many old and low priced products with
similar uses. However, we believe NeutroPhase has distinct competitive advantages in a market where there is currently no
dominant product.
CelleRx (Dermatology). Created for cosmetic procedures, CelleRx™ (0.015% Neutrox) is a gentle cleansing solution
that is effective for post-laser resurfacing, chemical peels and other cosmetic surgery procedures. Cosmetic surgeons and
aesthetic dermatologists have found that CelleRx results in less pain, erythema, and exudate compared to Dakin solution,
which contains bleach impurities. CelleRx is a non-alcohol formulation that doesn’t dry or stain the skin, and most
importantly, has been shown to reduce the patient’s downtime post procedure.
CelleRx is competing in the cosmetic surgery and aesthetic dermatology space as an adjunct therapy for the pre/post
procedural phase of chemical and laser facial skin peels. Currently many generic creams and salves, as well as home-mixed
acetic acid potions, are used for this purpose. We believe that CelleRx is clearly differentiated in this field. CelleRx is the
only Rx product with 510(k) clearance for use as a skin and wound cleanser that is safe, soothing and has broad spectrum
antimicrobial action in solution. Many clinicians have used the product clinically and have reported excellent results.
U.S. FDA Regulatory Clearance of Neutrox-based Products. We are marketing Avenova, NeutroPhase, and CelleRx
as medical devices regulated under the FDA 510(k) process. Avenova and CelleRx fall under the general intended use of skin
and wound cleansers. NeutroPhase was cleared by the U.S. FDA “for use under the supervision of healthcare professionals
for cleansing and removal of foreign material, including microorganisms and debris from wounds, and for moistening
absorbent wound dressings and cleaning minor cuts, minor burns, superficial abrasions, and minor irritations of the skin. It
is also intended for moistening and debriding acute and chronic dermal lesions, such as Stage I to IV pressure ulcers, stasis
ulcers, leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, post-surgical wounds, first and second degree burns, and grafted and donor sites.”
4
Aganocide Compounds
Our first-in-class Aganocide compounds, led by auriclosene (NVC-422), are patented, synthetic molecules with a broad
spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses and fungi. Mimicking the mechanism of action that human white blood cells
use against infections, Aganocides possess a reduced likelihood of bacteria or viruses developing resistance, which is critical
for advanced anti-infectives. The World Health Organization (WHO) approved a new generic nomenclature by which our
novel compound NVC-422 is identified—auriclosene.
We believe that our Aganocide compounds may, if approved by the regulatory authorities, have significant advantages
over existing compounds and compounds in development because the Aganocide compounds could be used to prevent
infections or to treat infections with bacterial and viral components, such as conjunctivitis.
Recent Events
In January 2015, we rebranded i-Lid Cleanser as Avenova® Daily Lid & Lash Hygiene to help differentiate prescription
Avenova from other marketed eye cleansers, in particular over-the-counter (OTC) products not intended for daily use.
In January 2015, we attended and sought partners for our Avenova product at Arab Health 2015. Held January 26-29,
2015, at the Dubai International Convention & Exhibition Centre in the United Arab Emirates, Arab Health 2015, then in its
40th year, was the largest healthcare conference in the world.
In January 2015, we signed a nationwide distribution agreement with Cardinal Health, to deliver prescription drugs and
many other products to retail pharmacies, hospitals, mail-order facilities, physician offices, surgery centers and other facilities
across the U.S. Under the agreement, Cardinal Health will carry and distribute our Avenova product.
In February 2015, we expanded our sales force for Avenova from 15 sales representatives to 35 representatives, focusing
on major markets across the U.S.
In March 2015, we entered into a securities purchase agreement for the sale of our common stock and warrants in a
private placement for net proceeds of approximately $4.5 million.
In March 2015, the NNFF named NeutroPhase its official “Flesh Eating Disease” wound cleanser.
In April 2015, we sponsored an educational workshop on new ideas for lid management during the ASCRS Annual
Symposium. There, key opinion leaders in the field of optometry and ophthalmology discussed the practical uses of Avenova
for the management of blepharitis and dry eye, and as a surgical eye preparation.
In April 2015, we announced the appointment of Mark M. Sieczkarek as Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr.
Sieczkarek replaced NovaBay founder Dr. Ramin (Ron) Najafi, who remained a director of the Company. Mr. Sieczkarek
had served as a director since January 2014 and was instrumental in developing the commercial strategy for Avenova.
In April 2015, we signed a national distribution agreement with AmerisourceBergen to carry and distribute Avenova to
retail pharmacies in the U.S. AmerisourceBergen is one the largest global pharmaceutical sourcing and distribution services
companies.
In April 2015, the NYSE MKT LLC notified us that NovaBay’s stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2014 was
below the minimum requirements of Sections 1003(a)(ii) and (iii) of the NYSE MKT Company Guide. We were advised that
in order to maintain a listing on the NYSE MKT, we had to submit a plan of compliance by May 28, 2015 addressing how
we intended to regain compliance within the following 18-month period.
In May 2015, we announced that data from two studies were discussed in poster presentations at the Annual Meeting of
the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). One poster was presented by Guru Sharma, OD, Ph.D.,
Optometrist at Family Eye Care Optometry and Assistant Professor at Western University of Health Sciences’ College of
Optometry, and discussed research documenting the successful use of Avenova on patients with blepharitis. The second
poster was presented by Arthur Epstein, OD, FAAO, FABCO, FBCLA, DPNAP, co-founder and head of the Dry Eye–Ocular
Surface Disease Center and Director of Clinical Research at Phoenix Eye Care, and found that Avenova was the only product
of six widely-used commercial eyelid treatments with the ability to neutralize bacterial lipase, a major cause of blepharitis
and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
5
In May 2015, we entered into a securities purchase agreement for the sale of our common stock and warrants in a private
placement for net proceeds of approximately $6.3 million.
In June 2015, we announced FDA approval for intelli-Case, a novel, high-tech device for safely disinfecting contact
lenses with hydrogen peroxide.
In July 2015, the New York Stock Exchange accepted our plan to regain compliance with the NYSE MKT’s continued
listing standards by October 28, 2016.
In September 2015, we entered into an agreement with ALLDocs Optometry Group, also known as The Association of
LensCrafters Leaseholding Doctors, to market Avenova to this group’s optometrists. ALLDocs is the second largest
independent optometry group in the U.S.
In September 2015, we entered into a partnership with ALPHAEON Corporation to make Avenova available for
purchase by member doctors on the ShoutMD® Store, the first social commerce store for lifestyle healthcare production.
In October 2015, we completed an underwritten public offering for the sale of our common stock and warrants for net
proceeds of approximately $2.1 million.
In November 2015, we announced the completion of a 34-patient Phase 2b clinical trial with auriclosene (NVC-422) to
reduce urinary catheter blockage and encrustation in patients with long-term indwelling urinary catheters.
In November 2015, we announced a restructuring aimed at reducing expenses and achieving positive cash flow from
operations by the end of 2016. In conjunction with the announcement, Dr. Najafi resigned his position and our Chairman
Mark M. Sieczkarek assumed the role of Interim Chief Executive Officer and President.
In December 2015, our Board of Directors approved and we implemented a 1-for-25 reverse stock split in order to
maintain continued listing standards with the NYSE MKT. The reverse split was authorized by our stockholders at a special
stockholder meeting held December 11, 2015.
In December 2015 and January 2016, we entered into a series of promissory notes for an aggregate $3,020,000 bridge
loan with a three-year term and no pre-payment penalty.
In February 2016, we closed a private placement for the sale of an aggregate of 1,518,567 shares of the Company’s
common stock for total gross proceeds amount of $2,830,804.
Employees
As of December 31, 2015, we had 23 full-time and 3 part-time employees. None of our employees are represented by
labor unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
Available Information
Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to
those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are
available free of charge on our corporate website, located at www.novabay.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after we
electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to a number of risks, the most important of which are discussed below. You should consider
carefully the following risks in addition to the other information contained in this report and our other filings with the SEC
before deciding to buy, sell or hold our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones
facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial
may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or
results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of our common stock could decline and you may lose
all or part of your investment.
6
Risks Relating to Our Liquidity
There is uncertainty about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We have a limited number of commercial products, and these products are still in their early stage of commercialization
and will require significant additional investment before we realize substantial revenue. As a result, we have incurred since
our inception, and expect to continue to incur until at least the end of 2016, substantial net losses. Moreover, our cash position
is inadequate to support our current business operations and substantial additional funding will be needed in order to pursue
our business plan, which includes increasing market penetration for our existing commercial products, research and
development for additional product offerings for the eye care market, seeking regulatory approval for these product
candidates, and pursuing their commercialization in the U.S., Asia, and other markets. These circumstances raise substantial
doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which depends on our ability to raise capital to fund our current
operations.
We have a history of losses and expect that we will incur net losses in the future, and that we may never achieve or
maintain sustained profitability.
We expect to incur substantial marketing and sales expenses as we attempt to increase sales of our Avenova product. We
expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we may never achieve or maintain sustained profitability. In addition, at
this time we are subject to the following risks:
● our results of operations may fluctuate significantly, which may adversely affect the value of an investment in our
common stock;
● we may be unable to develop and commercialize our product candidates; and
●
it may be difficult to forecast accurately our key operating and performance metrics because of our limited operating
history.
We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve and maintain profitability. If we cannot successfully market
and sell Avenova, either independently or with partners, we will not be able to generate sufficient revenues to achieve or
maintain profitability in the future. Our failure to achieve and subsequently maintain profitability could have a material
adverse impact on the market price of our common stock.
We may be unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms in the future, which may in turn limit our ability to
develop and commercialize products and technologies.
While we have reduced our staff levels and reduced both our research and general expenditures, we believe our capital
outlays and operating expenditures will outsize our expected near-term revenue. Commercializing a product is very
expensive, and we expect that we will need to raise additional capital, through future private or public equity offerings,
strategic alliances or debt financing, before we achieve a breakeven point between expenses and product sales. In addition,
we may require even more significant capital outlays and operating expenditures if we do not continue to partner with third
parties to develop and commercialize our products.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
●
the availability and willingness of capital markets to fund our planned operations;
●
economic conditions out of our control;
● market acceptance and revenue growth of Avenova;
●
the extent to which we receive milestone payments or other funding from external partners, if any;
●
the scope, rate of progress, cost and results of our pre-clinical studies and clinical trials and other research and
development activities, if any;
●
the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish;
●
the cost and timing of regulatory approvals;
7
●
the cost of establishing clinical and commercial supplies of our product candidates and any products that we may
develop;
●
the effect of competing technological and market developments;
●
the costs associated with marketing and selling Avenova and NeutroPhase;
●
the cost of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights; and
●
the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies, although we currently have no
commitments or agreements relating to any of these types of transactions.
Additional financing may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. The securities rules and regulations limit
our sale of securities registered on a Form S-3 to one-third of the aggregate market value of our outstanding common equity
held by non-affiliates (the “Aggregate Market Value”) during a 12-month period as long as our Aggregate Market Value is
below $75 million. In our October 2015 public offering of common stock and accompanying warrants to purchase common
stock, we utilized substantially all of our remaining capacity to sell securities on Form S-3 at the time and we currently have
no capacity to sell additional securities on Form S-3. Until our Aggregate Market Value reaches $75 million, our ability to
raise capital on Form S-3 is limited, especially during the period through October 2016. As a result, we may have to raise
capital on a Form S-1 registration statement, which requires more disclosure than the Form S-3, would cause additional legal
and other expenses, and could delay the timing of any future offerings. Even after October 2016, we may not be able to raise
the amount of capital we need on a Form S-3 if our low Aggregate Market Value persists.
In connection with our bridge loan financing completed in January 2016, we granted China Kington Asset Management
Co. Ltd. (“China Kington”) a first right of refusal to lead our financings for a period that is the shorter of two years after the
bridge loan financing or until our net cash flow has been no less than $0 for three consecutive months. Such financings must
be unanimously approved by our Board of Directors, which includes two members nominated by China Kington pursuant to
the bridge loan arrangement, until the bridge loan is paid off. As a result of these restrictions, we might not be able to obtain
additional capital we need, or on the most favorable terms. Even if we are able to obtain such capital, the proceeds must be
used to repay the bridge loan first before being used for our business.
Our ability to obtain additional financing may also be negatively affected by the recent volatility in the financial markets,
as well as the general downturn in the economy and decreased consumer confidence. Even if we succeed in selling additional
securities to raise funds, our existing stockholders’ ownership percentage would be diluted and new investors may demand
rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. In addition, if in the future we sell, or grant options
or rights to purchase, our common stock at an effective price per share less than the subsequently adjusted exercise price of
our warrants originally issued in July 2011, March 2015 and October 2015, the exercise price of these warrants will be
reduced to equal such lower price, subject to certain exemptions as provided in the warrants. The exercise price of such
warrants is currently set at $1.81 as a result of the Company’s February 2016 private placement offering. See “—If we
conduct offerings in the future, the price at which we offer our securities is likely to trigger a price protection provision
included in warrants originally issued in July 2011, March 2015 and October 2015, reducing the probability and magnitude
of any future share price appreciation.”
If we raise additional capital through strategic alliance and licensing arrangements, we may have to trade our rights to
our technology, intellectual property or products to others on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we raise additional
capital through debt financing, the financing may involve covenants that restrict our business activities.
Risks Relating to Owning Our Common Stock
If our stockholders’ equity does not meet the minimum standards of the NYSE MKT, we may be subject to delisting
procedures.
On April 28, 2015, we received a letter from the NYSE MKT notifying us that our stockholders' equity as of December
31, 2014 was below the minimum requirements of Sections 1003(a)(ii) and (iii) of the NYSE MKT Company Guide. In order
to maintain our listing, we submitted a plan of compliance, addressing how we intend to regain compliance with the Company
Guide within 18 months, or by November 28, 2016. We continue our listing but will be subject to periodic reviews by the
exchange. If we do not make progress consistent with the plan, the exchange will initiate delisting procedures, as appropriate.
8
We are pursuing options to address the stockholders’ equity deficiency as indicated in our plan submitted to the NYSE
MKT. However, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to comply with the listing requirements, and therefore our common
stock may be subject to delisting. If our common stock is delisted, this could, among other things, substantially impair our
ability to raise additional funds; result in a loss of institutional investor interest and fewer financing opportunities for us;
and/or result in potential breaches of representations or covenants of our warrants, subscription agreements or other
agreements pursuant to which we made representations or covenants relating to our compliance with applicable listing
requirements. Claims related to any such breaches, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation, significant liabilities
and diversion of our management's time and attention and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition,
business and results of operations.
If we conduct offerings in the future, the price at which we offer our securities is likely to trigger a price protection
provision included in warrants originally issued in July 2011, March 2015 and October 2015, reducing the probability
and magnitude of any future share price appreciation.
As part of our October 2015 offering, we agreed to amend certain terms of the warrants we previously issued in July
2011 and March 2015 to certain investors. As a result, in four different sets of warrants issued in July 2011, March 2015 and
October 2015, we agreed to provide certain price protections affecting warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 1,317,227
shares of our common stock, of which 874,425 shares must be issued, if at all, by March 6, 2020, and 442,802 shares must
be issued, if at all, by October 27, 2020. Specifically, in the event that we undertake a third-party equity financing of either:
(1) common stock at a sale price of less than $5.00 per share; or (2) convertible securities with an exercise price of less than
$5.00 per share, we have agreed to reduce the exercise price of all warrants discussed hereof to such lower price. As a result,
if any future offering is conducted at a common stock price or warrant exercise price under $5.00 per share (as adjusted for
any reverse stock split or similar transaction), these price protections will be triggered. The exercise price of such warrants
is currently set at $1.81 as a result of the Company’s February 2016 private placement offering. The further reduction of the
exercise price for the warrants discussed hereto would limit the probability and magnitude of future share price appreciation,
if any, by placing downward pressure on our stock price if it exceeds such offering sale price. All of these warrants are
currently exercisable and will remain so after any exercise price adjustment. In the past, we have extended the expiration
dates or adjusted other terms of previously-issued warrants as consideration for certain offering conditions, and we cannot
assure you that we will not do so in the future. Any such modifications would reduce the probability and magnitude of any
share price appreciation during the period of the extension. We cannot guarantee that you will receive a return on your
investment when you do sell your shares or that you will not lose the entire amount of your investment. If you do receive a
return on your investment, it may be lower than the return you would have realized in the absence of the price protection
provisions discussed hereof.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially, which may result in losses to our stockholders.
The stock prices of many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry have generally experienced wide
fluctuations, which are often unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. The market price of our common
stock is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate in response to, among other things:
●
successful shifting in strategy to focus on the eye care market;
●
the announcement of new products by us or our competitors;
●
the announcement of partnering arrangements by us or our competitors;
● quarterly variations in our or our competitors’ results of operations;
●
announcements by us related to litigation;
9
●
changes in our earnings estimates, investors’ perceptions, recommendations by securities analysts or our failure to
achieve analysts’ earnings estimates;
● developments in our industry; and
● general, economic and market conditions, including the recent volatility in the financial markets and decrease in
consumer confidence and other factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our
competitors.
The volume of trading of our common stock may be low, leaving our common stock open to the risk of high volatility.
The number of shares of our common stock being traded may be very low. Any stockholder wishing to sell his/her stock
may cause a significant fluctuation in the price of our stock. We have a number of large stockholders, including our principal
stockholder Pioneer. The sale of a substantial number of shares of common stock by such large stockholders within a short
period of time could cause our stock price to decrease substantially. In addition, low trading volume of a stock increases the
possibility that, despite rules against such activity, the price of the stock may be manipulated by persons acting in their own
self-interest. We may not have adequate market makers and market making activity to prevent manipulation.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could
discourage a third party from making a takeover offer that is beneficial to our stockholders.
Anti-takeover provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and
Delaware law may have the effect of deterring or delaying attempts by our stockholders to remove or replace management,
engage in proxy contests and effect changes in control. The provisions of our charter documents include:
●
a classified board so that only one of the three classes of directors on our Board of Directors is elected each year;
●
elimination of cumulative voting in the election of directors;
● procedures for advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals;
●
the ability of our Board of Directors to amend our bylaws without stockholder approval; and
●
the ability of our Board of Directors to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock without stockholder approval
upon the terms and conditions and with the rights, privileges and preferences as our Board of Directors may
determine.
In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to the Delaware General Corporation Law, which includes
provisions that may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying or preventing changes in control or management
of our Company. Provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire
a majority of our outstanding voting stock by discouraging a hostile bid, or delaying, preventing or deterring a merger,
acquisition or tender offer in which our stockholders could receive a premium for their shares, or effect a proxy contest for
control of NovaBay or other changes in our management.
We have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future, and any return on investment may
be limited to the value of our stock.
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common
stock in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our common stock will depend on our earnings, financial
condition and other business and economic factors affecting us at such time as our Board of Directors may consider relevant.
If we do not pay dividends, you will experience a return on your investment in our shares only if our stock price appreciates.
We cannot assure you that you will receive a return on your investment when you do sell your shares or that you will not lose
the entire amount of your investment.
10
Pioneer and China Kington might influence our corporate matters in a manner that is not in the best interest of our
general stockholders.
As of February 29, 2016, Pioneer beneficially owns approximately 22% of our common stock. Our director Mr. Xinzhou
“Paul” Li is the chief executive officer and chairman of Pioneer. Pursuant to the arrangement of our bridge loan financing
completed in January 2016, two of our directors were nominated by China Kington, including Mr. Mijia “Bob” Wu, who is
the Managing Director of China Kington and Non-Executive Director of Pioneer, and Mr. Xiaoyan “Henry” Liu, who has
worked closely with China Kington on other financial transactions in the past.
As a result, Pioneer and China Kington have input on all matters before our Board of Directors and may be able to
exercise significant influence over all matters requiring board and stockholder approval. In particular, under our bridge loan
arrangement, for a period that is the shorter of two years after the bridge loan financing or until our net cash flow has been
no less than $0 for three consecutive months, our financings must be unanimously approved by our Board of Directors, which
provides Pioneer and China Kington a veto right over such financings. See “We may be unable to raise additional capital on
acceptable terms in the future, which may in turn limit our ability to develop and commercialize products and technologies.”
Pioneer and China Kington may choose to exercise their influence in a manner that is not in the best interest of our general
stockholders.
Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,”
generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three year period, the corporation’s
ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes (such as research tax credits)
to offset its post-change income may be limited. Since the Company’s formation, the Company has raised capital through the
issuance of capital stock on several occasions which, combined with the purchasing shareholders’ subsequent disposition of
those shares, may have resulted in one or more changes of control, as defined by Section 382. The Company has not currently
completed a study to assess whether any change of control has occurred, or whether there have been multiple changes of
control since the Company’s formation, due to the significant complexity and cost associated with the study. If the Company
has experienced a change of control at any time since its formation, its NOL carryforwards and tax credits may not be
available, or their utilization could be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382. In addition, since we will need to
raise substantial additional funding to finance our operations, we may undergo further ownership changes in the future. In
the future, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset United
States federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability
to us.
Risks Relating to Our Business
Our future success is largely dependent on the successful commercialization of Avenova.
The future success of our business is largely dependent upon the successful commercialization of Avenova. We are
dedicating a substantial amount of our resources to advance Avenova as aggressively as possible. If we encounter difficulties
in the commercialization of Avenova, we will not have the resources necessary to continue our business in its current form.
If we are unable to establish and maintain adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities or enter into or maintain
agreements with third parties to do so, we may be unable to successfully commercialize our products. We believe we are
creating an efficient commercial organization, taking advantage of outsourcing options where prudent to maximize the
effectiveness of our commercial expenditures. However, we may not be able to correctly judge the size and experience of the
sales and marketing force and the scale of distribution necessary to be successful. Establishing and maintaining sales,
marketing, and distribution capabilities are expensive and time-consuming. Such expenses may be disproportionate compared
to the revenues we may be able to generate on sales of Avenova.
Our commercialized products are not approved by the FDA as a drug, so we rely solely on the 510(k) clearance of Neutrox
as a medical device.
Our business and future growth depend on the development, use and sale of products that are subject to FDA regulation,
clearance and approval. Under the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and other laws, we are prohibited from
promoting our products for off-label uses. This means that we may not make claims about the safety or effectiveness of our
products and may not proactively discuss or provide information on the use of our products, except as allowed by the FDA.
As a medical device, our claims regarding efficacy are limited. Without claims of efficacy, market acceptance of our products
may be slow.
11
We may be subject to fines, penalties, injunctions and other sanctions if we are deemed to be promoting the use of our
products for non-FDA-approved, or off-label, uses.
There is a risk that the FDA or other federal or state law enforcement authorities could determine that the nature and
scope of our sales and marketing activities may constitute the promotion of our products for a non-FDA-approved use in
violation of applicable law. We also face the risk that the FDA or other regulatory authorities might pursue enforcement
based on past activities that we have discontinued or changed, including sales activities, arrangements with institutions and
doctors, educational and training programs and other activities.
Government investigations concerning the promotion of off-label uses and related issues are typically expensive,
disruptive and burdensome and generate negative publicity. If our promotional activities are found to be in violation of
applicable law or if we agree to a settlement in connection with an enforcement action, we would likely face significant fines
and penalties and be required to substantially change our sales, promotion, grant and educational activities. In addition, were
any enforcement actions against us or our senior officers to arise, we could be excluded from participation in U.S. government
healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid.
We do not have our own manufacturing capacity, and we rely on partnering arrangements or third-party manufacturers
for the manufacture of our products and potential products.
We do not currently operate manufacturing facilities for production of our product and product candidates. We have no
experience in product formulation or manufacturing, and we lack the resources and the capabilities to manufacture any of
our product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. As a result, we have partnered and expect to partner with third
parties to manufacture our products or rely on contract manufacturers to supply, store and distribute product supplies for our
clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of our commercial partners or future manufacturers could delay clinical
development or regulatory approval of our product candidates or commercialization of our products, producing additional
losses and reducing or delaying product revenues.
Our products and product candidates will require precise, high-quality manufacturing. The failure to achieve and
maintain high manufacturing standards, including the incidence of manufacturing errors, could result in patient injury or
death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in product testing or delivery, cost overruns or other problems that
could seriously harm our business. Contract manufacturers and partners often encounter difficulties involving production
yields, quality control and quality assurance, as well as shortages of qualified personnel. These manufacturers and partners
are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspection by the FDA and corresponding state agencies to ensure strict
compliance with Quality Systems Regulations, current Good Manufacturing Practice and other applicable government
regulations and corresponding foreign standards; however, we do not have control over third-party compliance with these
regulations and standards. If any of our manufacturers or partners fails to maintain compliance, the production of our products
could be interrupted, resulting in delays, additional costs and potentially lost revenues.
In addition, if the FDA or other regulatory agencies approve any of our product candidates for commercial sale, we will
need to manufacture them in larger quantities. Significant scale-up of manufacturing will require validation studies, which
the FDA must review and approve. If we are unable to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity for a product, the
regulatory approval or commercial launch of any products may be delayed or there may be a shortage in supply and our
business may be harmed as a result.
We depend on skilled and experienced personnel and management leadership to operate our business effectively and
maintain our investor relationships. If we are unable to retain, recruit and hire such key employees, especially our next
President and CEO, our ability to manage our business will be harmed, which would impair our future revenue and
profitability. Creating a reliable revenue stream depends on our ability to manage an effective staff.
Our success largely depends on the skills, experience and efforts of our officers and other key employees. The efforts of
our officers and other key employees are critical to us as we continue to focus on the commercialization of our Avenova
product with the goal of achieving positive cash flow from operations by the end of 2016. Any of our officers and other key
employees may terminate their employment at any time, and the loss of any of our senior management team members could
disrupt our business and affect key partnerships.
Recently, on November 18, 2015, our former President and CEO, Dr. Ramin “Ron” Najafi, resigned from NovaBay and
our Chairman of the Board, Mark M. Sieczkarek, was appointed as Interim President and CEO. We do not intend to retain
Mr. Sieczkarek in a long-term executive capacity, and his employment agreement expires on March 31, 2016, with three-
month renewal periods that cannot be extended beyond November 18, 2016 by its terms. If we fail to identify, attract and
hire a strong candidate to serve as our next President and CEO, or if we are unable to manage the transition to a new President
12
and CEO, our ability to manage our business will be harmed. The execution of our business strategy, and thus our future
revenue and profitability, depends on our ability to successfully manage this transition.
We intend to rely on a limited number of pharmaceutical wholesalers to distribute Avenova.
We intend to rely primarily upon pharmaceutical wholesalers in connection with the distribution of Avenova. If we are
unable to establish or maintain our business relationships with these pharmaceutical wholesalers on commercially acceptable
terms, it could have a material adverse effect on our sales and may prevent us from achieving profitability.
If we grow and fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan.
Our future growth, if any, may cause a significant strain on our management and our operational, financial and other
resources. Our ability to grow and manage our growth effectively will require us to implement and improve our operational,
financial and management information systems and to expand, train, manage and motivate our employees. These demands
may require the hiring of additional management personnel and the development of additional expertise by management.
Any increase in resources devoted to research and product development without a corresponding increase in our operational,
financial and management information systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and
results of operations.
Government agencies may establish usage guidelines that directly apply to our products or proposed products or change
legislation or regulations to which we are subject.
Government usage guidelines typically address matters such as usage and dose, among other factors. Application of
these guidelines could limit the use of our products and products that we may develop. In addition, there can be no assurance
that government regulations applicable to our products or proposed products or the interpretation thereof will not change and
thereby prevent the marketing of some or all of our products for a period of time or permanently. The FDA’s policies may
change and additional government regulations may be enacted that could modify, prevent or delay regulatory approval of our
product candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from
future legislation or administrative action, either in the U.S. or in other countries.
We and our collaborators are and will be subject to ongoing FDA obligations and continued regulatory review, such as
continued safety reporting requirements, and we and our collaborators may also be subject to additional FDA post-
marketing obligations or new regulations, all of which may result in significant expense and which may limit our ability
to commercialize our medical devices and drug products and candidates.
Any regulatory approvals that we receive may also be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product
may be marketed or contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing follow-up studies. The FDA may require us
to commit to perform lengthy post marketing studies, which would require us to expend additional resources and thus could
have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. In addition, if the FDA approves any of our drug
product candidates, the labeling, packaging, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion and record keeping for
the drug will be subject to extensive regulatory requirements. The subsequent discovery of previously unknown problems
with the drugs, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, may result in restrictions on the marketing
of the drugs or the withdrawal of the drugs from the market. If we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may
be subject to fines, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products, operating
restrictions and criminal prosecution. Any of these events could prevent us from marketing any products we may develop
and our business could suffer.
Our past clinical trials may expose us to expensive liability claims, and we may not be able to maintain liability insurance
on reasonable terms or at all.
Even though we have concluded all our clinical trials, an inherent risk remains. If a claim were to arise in the future
based on our past clinical trial activity, we would most likely incur substantial expenses. Our inability to obtain sufficient
clinical trial insurance at an acceptable cost to protect us against potential clinical trial claims could prevent or inhibit the
commercialization of our product candidates. Our current clinical trial insurance covers individual and aggregate claims up
to $5.0 million. This insurance may not cover all claims and we may not be able to obtain additional insurance coverage at a
reasonable cost, if at all, in the future. In addition, if our agreements with any future corporate collaborators entitle us to
indemnification against product liability losses and clinical trial liability, such indemnification may not be available or
adequate should any claim arise.
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The pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by patent litigation, and any litigation or claim
against us may impose substantial costs on us, place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention
of management from our business and harm our reputation.
There has been substantial litigation in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries with respect to the
manufacture, use and sale of new products that are the subject of conflicting patent rights. For the most part, these lawsuits
relate to the validity, enforceability and infringement of patents. Generic companies are encouraged to challenge the patents
of pharmaceutical products in the United States because a successful challenger can obtain six months of exclusivity as a
generic product under the Hatch-Waxman Act. We expect that we will rely upon patents, trade secrets, know-how, continuing
technological innovations and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our competitive position, and we may initiate
claims to defend our intellectual property rights as a result. Other parties may have issued patents or be issued patents that
may prevent the sale of our products or know-how or require us to license such patents and pay significant fees or royalties
to produce our products. In addition, future patents may be issued to third parties which our technology may infringe. Because
patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be applications now pending of which we are unaware that may
later result in issued patents that our products may infringe.
Intellectual property litigation, regardless of outcome, is expensive and time-consuming, would divert management’s
attention from our business and could have a material negative effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
If such a dispute were to be resolved against us, we might be required to pay substantial damages, including treble damages
and attorney’s fees if we were found to have willfully infringed a third party’s patent, to the party claiming infringement, to
develop non-infringing technology, to stop selling any products we develop, to cease using technology that contains the
allegedly infringing intellectual property or to enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable
or commercially practical terms, if at all. Our failure to develop non-infringing technologies or license the proprietary rights
on a timely basis could harm our business. Modification of any products we develop or development of new products
thereafter could require us to conduct additional clinical trials and to revise our filings with the FDA and other regulatory
bodies, which would be time-consuming and expensive. In addition, parties making infringement claims may be able to
obtain an injunction that would prevent us from selling any products we develop, which could harm our business.
If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, they could result in costly litigation and significant liabilities.
Despite all reasonable efforts to ensure safety, it is possible that we or our collaborators will sell products, including
Avenova, NeutroPhase, and intelli-Case, which are defective, to which patients react in an unexpected manner, or which are
alleged to have side effects. The manufacture and sale of such products may expose us to potential liability, and the industries
in which our products are likely to be sold have been subject to significant product liability litigation. Any claims, with or
without merit, could result in costly litigation, reduced sales, significant liabilities and diversion of our management’s time
and attention, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business and results of operations.
If a product liability claim is brought against us, we may be required to pay legal and other expenses to defend the claim
and, if the claim is successful, damage awards may not be covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance. We may not have
sufficient capital resources to pay a judgment, in which case our creditors could levy against our assets. We may also be
obligated to indemnify our collaborators and make payments to other parties with respect to product liability damages and
claims. Defending any product liability claims, or indemnifying others against those claims, could require us to expend
significant financial and managerial resources.
14
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitors could develop and market products similar to ours
that may reduce demand for our products.
Our success, competitive position and potential future revenues will depend in significant part on our ability to protect
our intellectual property. We rely on the patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws of the U.S. and other countries,
as well as confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements, to protect our intellectual property rights. We apply for patents
covering our technologies as we deem appropriate.
There is no assurance that any patents issued to us or licensed or assigned to us by third parties will not be challenged,
invalidated, found unenforceable or circumvented, or that the rights granted thereunder will provide competitive advantages
to us. If we or our collaborators or licensors fail to file, prosecute or maintain certain patents, our competitors could market
products that contain features and clinical benefits similar to those of any products we develop, and demand for our products
could decline as a result. Further, although we have taken steps to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology,
third parties may be able to design around our patents or, if they do infringe upon our technology, we may not be successful
or have sufficient resources in pursuing a claim of infringement against those third parties. Any pursuit of an infringement
claim by us may involve substantial expense and diversion of management attention.
We also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how that we seek to protect by confidentiality agreements with our
employees, consultants and collaborators. If these agreements are not enforceable, or are breached, we may not have adequate
remedies for any breach, and our trade secrets and proprietary know-how may become known or be independently discovered
by competitors.
We operate in the State of California. The laws of the State prevent us from imposing a delay before an employee who
may have access to trade secrets and proprietary know-how can commence employment with a competing company.
Although we may be able to pursue legal action against competitive companies improperly using our proprietary information,
we may not be aware of any use of our trade secrets and proprietary know-how until after significant damage has been done
to our company.
Furthermore, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws
of the U.S. If our intellectual property does not provide significant protection against foreign or domestic competition, our
competitors, including generic manufacturers, could compete more directly with us, which could result in a decrease in our
market share. All of these factors may harm our competitive position.
A default under the terms of our recent bridge loan could result in the loss of our intellectual property, including
intellectual property related to Avenova.
As partial collateral for the approximately $3.0 million bridge loan we obtained in December 2015 and January 2016,
we granted China Kington, as collateral agent, a lien on all of our intellectual property. If we default on the bridge loan,
including by failing to make any payment due pursuant to the loan, China Kington would have the right to foreclose on our
intellectual property. We cannot successfully commercialize Avenova without control of the related intellectual property
portfolio. A loss of such intellectual property would prevent us from executing our current business strategy, which is
essential to our efforts to achieve profitability. For further information regarding the possible risks if we fail to commercialize
Avenova, please see the risk factor entitled “Our future success is largely dependent on the successful commercialization
of Avenova.”
Our current patent portfolio could leave us vulnerable to larger companies who have the resources to develop and market
competing products.
We aggressively protect and enforce our patent rights worldwide. However, certain risks remain. There is no assurance
that patents will issue from any of our applications or, for those patents we have or that do issue, that the claims will be
sufficiently broad to protect our proprietary rights, or that it will be economically possible to pursue sufficient numbers of
patents to afford significant protection. For example, we do not have any composition of matter patent directed to the Neutrox
(hypochlorous acid) composition. This relatively weak patent portfolio leaves us vulnerable to competitors who wish to
compete in the same marketplace with similar products. If a potential competitor introduces a formulation similar to Avenova
or NeutroPhase with a similar composition that does not fall within the scope of the method of treatment/manufacture claims,
then we or a potential marketing partner would be unable to rely on the allowed claims to protect its market position for the
method of using the Avenova or NeutroPhase composition, and any revenues arising from such protection would be adversely
impacted.
15
If physicians and patients do not accept and use our products, we will not achieve sufficient product revenues and our
business will suffer.
Even if the FDA has cleared or approves product candidates that we develop, physicians and patients may not accept
and use them. Acceptance and use of our products may depend on a number of factors including:
● perceptions by members of the healthcare community, including physicians, about the safety and effectiveness of
our products;
● published studies demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of our products relative to competing products;
●
availability of reimbursement for our products from government or healthcare payers; and
●
effectiveness of marketing and distribution efforts by us and our licensees and distributors, if any.
The failure of any of our products to find market acceptance would harm our business and could require us to seek
additional financing.
If we cannot compete successfully for market share against other companies, we may not achieve sufficient product
revenues and our business will suffer.
The market for our products and product candidates is characterized by intense competition and rapid technological
advances. Existing or future competing products may provide greater therapeutic convenience or clinical or other benefits
for a specific indication than our products, or may offer comparable performance at a lower cost. If our products are unable
to capture and maintain market share, we may not achieve sufficient product revenues and our business will suffer.
We compete for market share against fully-integrated pharmaceutical and medical device companies or other companies
that develop products independently or collaborate with larger pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, government
agencies and other public and private research organizations. In addition, many of these competitors, either alone or together
with their collaborative partners, have substantially greater capital resources, larger research and development staffs and
facilities, and greater financial resources than we do, as well as significantly greater experience in:
● developing drugs and devices;
●
conducting preclinical testing and human clinical trials;
● obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals of product candidates;
●
formulating and manufacturing products; and
●
launching, marketing, distributing and selling products.
Our competitors may:
● develop and patent processes or products earlier than we will;
● develop and commercialize products that are less expensive or more efficient than any products that we may develop;
● obtain regulatory approvals for competing products more rapidly than we will; and
●
improve upon existing technological approaches or develop new or different approaches that render any technology
or products we develop obsolete or uncompetitive.
We cannot assure you that our competitors will not succeed in developing technologies and products that are more
effective than any developed by us or that would render our technologies and any products we develop obsolete. If we are
unable to compete successfully against current or future competitors, we may be unable to obtain market acceptance for any
product candidates we create, which could prevent us from generating revenues or achieving profitability and could cause
the market price of our common stock to decline.
16
Our ability to generate revenues from our current products and any products we develop will be diminished if we fail to
obtain acceptable prices or an adequate level of reimbursement for our products from healthcare payers.
Significant uncertainty exists as to the cost and reimbursement status of newly-approved healthcare products. Healthcare
payers, including Medicare, are challenging the prices charged for medical products and/or are seeking pharmacoeconomic
data to justify formulary acceptance and reimbursement practices. We currently have not generated pharmacoeconomic data
on any of our products. If customers and insurance companies are not willing to pay the set price for our products, our revenue
will be limited.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal executive offices and our research and development and administrative operations are located in
Emeryville, California. In total, we lease approximately 16,465 square feet of office space in the facility pursuant to a lease
agreement expiring on October 31, 2020.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are currently not a party to, nor is our property the subject matter of, any pending or, to our knowledge, contemplated
material legal proceedings. From time to time, we may become party to litigation and subject to claims arising in the ordinary
course of our business.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE MKT, under the symbol “NBY.” The following table sets forth, for the periods
indicated, the high and low sales prices for our common stock as reported by the NYSE Mkt, after giving effect to the 25:1
reverse stock split:
2015
2014
High
Low
High
Low
First Quarter .................................................. $
Second Quarter .............................................. $
Third Quarter ................................................ $
Forth Quarter ................................................. $
18.75 $
26.25 $
17.00 $
9.50 $
10.50 $
12.75 $
5.50 $
1.75 $
36.75 $
29.50 $
32.50 $
21.25 $
25.75
19.50
17.25
13.25
Holders
As of February 26, 2016, there were approximately 26 holders of record of our common stock. This figure does not
reflect persons or entities that hold their stock in nominee or “street” name through various brokerage firms.
Dividend Policy
We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock since our inception. We currently expect to retain earnings
primarily for use in the operation and expansion of our business, and therefore, do not anticipate paying any cash dividends
in the near future. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will
be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions under any existing
indebtedness and other factors the Board of Directors deems relevant.
17
Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer
During 2015, we repurchased 237 shares from an employee at price of $0.71 per share to satisfy the statutory withholding
tax liability upon the vesting of restricted share-based award.
Performance Graph(1)
The following graph compares our total stockholder returns for the past five years to two indices: the NYSE MKT
Composite Index and the RDG MicroCap Biotechnology Index. The total return for each index assumes the reinvestment of
all dividends, if any, paid by companies included in these indices and are calculated as of December 31 of each year.
As a member of the NYSE MKT Composite Index, we are required under applicable regulations to use this index as a
comparator, and we believe the RDG MicroCap Biotechnology Index is a relevant comparator since it is composed of peer
companies in lines-of-business similar to ours.
The stockholder return shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future performance, and we do not
make or endorse any predictions as to future stockholder returns.
18
12/10
12/11
12/12
12/13
12/14
12/15
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ........................
NYSE MKT Composite .....................................
RDG MicroCap Biotechnology .........................
100.00
100.00
100.00
80.72
104.50
100.77
68.07
110.18
93.77
74.10
118.63
106.18
37.95
120.72
80.01
4.87
107.77
44.81
(1) This section is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in
any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective
of any general incorporation language in any such filing.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents selected financial information as of and for the dates and periods indicated below which
have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and other information. The information set forth below
is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of this report and our consolidated financial
statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.
Statements of Operations Data:
Sales:
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2013
(in thousands, except per share data)
2012
2014
2011
Product Revenue ............................................... $
4,146 $
684 $
223 $
14 $
—
Other Revenue ..................................................
Total Net Sales .....................................................
Product Cost of Goods Sold .............................
Gross Profit ..........................................................
235
4,381
1,261
3,120
370
1,054
3,254
3,477
6,933
6,947
11,019
11,019
486
568
162
3,315
8
6,939
—
11,019
Operating expenses:
Research and development ...............................
Selling, general and administrative ...................
Total operating expenses ......................................
Operating loss.......................................................
Non-cash gain (loss) on change in fair value of
warrants ..........................................................
Other income (expense), net .................................
Loss before income taxes .....................................
Provision for income taxes ...................................
6,045
18,089
24,134
(21,014)
2,149
(96)
(18,961)
(12)
9,511
7,935
17,446
(16,878)
1,664
22
(15,192)
(2)
12,461
6,340
18,801
(15,486)
(555)
1
(16,040)
(2)
9,275
5,973
15,248
(8,309)
1,439
(155)
(7,025)
(2)
9,911
5,429
15,340
(4,321)
(732)
(30)
(5,083)
(2)
Net loss ................................................................ $
(18,973) $
(15,194) $
(16,042) $
(7,027) $
(5,085)
Net loss per share:
Basic ................................................................. $
Diluted .............................................................. $
(6.82) $
(6.82) $
(7.65) $
(7.65) $
(10.51) $
(10.51) $
(5.97) $
(5.97) $
Shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic (after 1 for 25 reverse stock split) ...........
Diluted (after 1 for 25 reverse stock split) ........
2,784
2,784
1,985
1,985
1,527
1,527
1,178
1,178
(4.93)
(4.93)
1,031
1,031
19
2015
2014
2013
(in thousands)
2012
2011
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments ........................................................ $
Working capital ....................................................
Total assets ...........................................................
Deferred revenue—current and non-current ........
Common stock and additional paid-in capital ......
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) ......................
2,385 $
(106)
5,077
2,418
85,422
(5,098)
5,429 $
3,607
7,537
2,425
73,395
1,848
13,053 $
11,163
15,650
1,871
64,884
8,516
16,870 $
15,108
19,235
1,892
54,373
14,049
14,138
11,720
15,963
2,250
42,672
9,344
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our
consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part II, Item 8 of this report. This discussion contains
forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Words such as “expects,” “anticipated,” “will,” “may,”
“goals,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “concludes, ”determines,” variations of these words, and similar expressions
are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. As a result of many factors, including those set forth under the
section entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from those
anticipated in these forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only
predictions based upon assumptions made that we believed to be reasonable at the time, and are subject to risks and
uncertainties. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking
statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking
statements.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company developing products for the eye care market. We are currently focused primarily
on commercializing prescription Avenova® for managing hygiene of the eyelids and lashes in the United States.
Avenova is the only eye care product formulated with a proprietary, stable and pure form of hypochlorous acid called
Neutrox™. By replicating the anti-microbial chemicals used by white blood cells to fight infection, Neutrox has proven in
laboratory testing to have broad antimicrobial properties. Avenova with Neutrox removes debris from the skin on the eyelids
and lashes without burning or stinging.
In November 2015, we introduced a new business strategy to focus on growing sales of Avenova in the U.S. market and
to restructure our business with the goal of achieving profitability from operations by the end of 2016. Our three-part business
strategy is comprised of: (1) focusing our resources on growing the commercial sales of Avenova in the U.S. eye care market,
including the implementation of an innovative sales and marketing strategy to increase product margin and profitability; (2)
significantly reducing expenses through the restructuring of our operations and other cost reduction measures; and (3) seeking
additional sources of revenue through partnering, divesting and/or other means of monetizing non-core assets in urology,
dermatology, and wound care.
We have developed additional commercial products containing Neutrox, including our NeutroPhase® Skin and Wound
Cleanser for wound care and CelleRx™ for the dermatology market. We have partnerships for NeutroPhase in the U.S. as
well as select overseas markets, most notably China.
In addition to our Neutrox family of products, we have also synthesized and developed a second category of novel
compounds aimed at harnessing the power of white blood cell chemistry to address the global, topical anti-infective market.
This second product category includes auriclosene, our lead clinical-stage Aganocide® compound, which is a patented,
synthetic molecule with a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Avenova
Prescription Avenova (0.01% Neutrox) is well-suited for daily eyelid and eyelash hygiene by approximately 30 million
Americans who suffer from blepharitis and dry eye. Additionally, we estimate that an additional 11 million patients suffering
from other conditions could potentially benefit from the use of Avenova, bringing the total potential market to approximately
41 million patients.
20
We are targeting a customer base of prescribers that includes the approximately 17,000 ophthalmologists and
approximately 37,000 optometrists in the U.S. In August 2014, we launched a dedicated Avenova sales force of 10 direct
medical sales representatives in 10 major metropolitan areas across the United States. This sales and marketing campaign
initially targeted major urban areas where large numbers of individuals suffer from problems with their eyelids and lashes.
These markets included New York, Los Angeles, Boston, Atlanta, and San Francisco.
Based on positive sales performance, we expanded our sales force to 35 direct medical sales representatives in February
2015 and to 43 direct medical sales representatives in August 2015. The sales representatives recruited for this effort have
extensive experience with eye care products and medical devices—a skill set critical for rapid adoption of Avenova. Based
on extensive market research, we have assigned our sales representatives to the markets across the U.S. representing the
highest sales potential. These direct medical sales representatives are calling on targeted ophthalmologists and optometrists
in those markets. These targeted doctors treat large numbers of blepharitis and dry eye patients. Avenova is a natural addition
to their existing lid hygiene regimens.
We have distribution agreements with McKesson Corporation, Cardinal Health and AmerisourceBergen Corporation
that make Avenova accessible in 90% of the approximate 67,000 retail pharmacies across the U.S. Avenova also is marketed
through the top ophthalmology and optometry networks. These include Vision Source Independent Optometry Network, the
largest independent optometry network in the country representing 2,800 independent optometrist offices, and ALLDocs
Optometry Group (also known as The Association of LensCrafters Leaseholding Doctors), the second largest independent
optometry group in the U.S., which works closely with its LensCrafters partners. Through a partnership with ALPHAEON,
Avenova is available to member ophthalmologists on the ShoutMD® Store, the first social commerce store for lifestyle
healthcare products. Avenova is also available for order online with a prescription, and we provide an online pharmacy locator
to assist patients with filling prescriptions.
We expect that our prescription business will be the main driver of long-term Avenova sales growth. Reimbursement
under insurance coverage continues to grow with 68% of Avenova prescriptions covered by insurance plans at the end of
2015. Supported by the high percentage rate of insurance reimbursement, we are focusing our primary sales efforts on
building our prescription business under a new value pricing model. We are working to improve insurance reimbursement
coverage for Avenova and aligning our product pricing accordingly.
Although we are focusing on our prescription sales, we expect continued growth in the doctor to patient direct sales
channel. We also expect to invest in systems that support prescribing physicians’ efforts to educate their patients. We have
made it easy for doctors to get Avenova into the hands of patients by providing availability through well-known national
pharmacy chains, specialty pharmacies, or directly through the practitioners’ office. Furthermore, in order to ensure consistent
pricing, we have instituted rebate cards to ensure the best price for the patient at the pharmacy. This sales model combined
with the prospect for further increases in reimbursement under insurance plans has the potential to provide us with additional
revenue upside.
Partnerships to Monetize Other Assets
We intend to seek additional sources of revenue and reduce expenses by licensing or selling select non-core assets,
possibly including intelli-Case, NeutroPhase, CelleRx and our Aganocide compounds, including auriclosene.
Currently, the program with the most potential is our urology program. Statistically-significant and clinically-meaningful
results from a Phase 2 clinical study of our Auriclosene Irrigation Solution (AIS) used to reduce urinary catheter blockage
and encrustation (UCBE), were announced in September 2013. This study, comparing AIS to saline solution, achieved its
primary endpoints and showed clear benefits for patients with long-term indwelling catheters. We initiated the next Phase 2
study in the fourth quarter of 2014 at and in the fourth quarter of 2015 announced completion of that study. Patients with
long-term indwelling urinary catheters were treated with AIS or its Vehicle. The results of this more demanding study showed
that AIS was better than its Vehicle in preventing the reduction of flow through catheters due to encrustation, the primary
efficacy measure, by a statistically-significant margin. Furthermore, there were no cases of clinical catheter blockage in the
AIS arm of the study; all cases of clinical blockage requiring catheter removal occurred only in the Vehicle arm.
NovaClear intelli-Case
In June 2015, we received FDA-clearance for the NovaClear intelli-Case, a highly innovative, easy-to-use device for use
with hydrogen peroxide disinfection solutions for soft and rigid gas permeable contact lenses. The intelli-Case monitors the
neutralization of hydrogen peroxide during the disinfection cycle with sophisticated microprocessor electronics embedded in
the cap of what otherwise looks like a standard peroxide lens case. The LED indicators on the lid inform the user if the lenses
are safe to insert into the eyes, resulting in a disinfection system that is safe yet simple to use. We are seeking potential
21
partners with the resources to make this break-through device available to the largest number of contact lens wearers as soon
as possible.
Additional Neutrox-based Products
In addition to Avenova, the Neutrox branded products currently being commercialized as prescription medical devices
are NeutroPhase and CelleRx.
NeutroPhase (Wound Care). Since its launch in the U.S. in 2013, NeutroPhase has impacted how wound care is
administered. Consisting of 0.03% Neutrox, NeutroPhase is used to cleanse and remove microorganisms from any type of
acute or chronic wound, and can be used with any type of wound care modality. Recently, NeutroPhase has been found to be
an effective irrigation solution as part of the adjunct treatment for Necrotizing Fasciitis (“NF”). Also known as flesh-eating
disease, NF typically has a high mortality and amputation rate (30% and 70%, respectively) even with aggressive debridement
and antibiotic treatment. We believe that NeutroPhase is also well-suited to treat the six million patients in the U.S. who
suffer from chronic non-healing wounds, such as pressure, venous stasis and diabetic ulcers.
In the U.S. and internationally, NeutroPhase is distributed through commercial partners. In January 2012, we entered
into an exclusive distribution agreement with Pioneer Pharma Company Limited, or “Pioneer,” a Shanghai-based company,
for the distribution of NeutroPhase throughout Southeast Asia and mainland China. We subsequently expanded the agreement
with Pioneer so that it includes the licensing rights to CelleRx and Avenova. In September 2014, China’s Food and Drug
Administration cleared our NeutroPhase Skin and Wound Cleanser for sale throughout mainland China. In November 2014,
Taiwan’s Food and Drug Administration cleared our NeutroPhase Skin and Wound Cleanser for sale in Taiwan. We began
shipping NeutroPhase to China and Taiwan in the fourth quarter of 2014 to support our launch of NeutroPhase Skin and
Wound Cleanser by Pioneer. In the U.S., NeutroPhase is distributed through our partner, Principle Business Enterprise
(“PBE”).
CelleRx (Dermatology). Created for cosmetic procedures, CelleRx™ (0.015% Neutrox) is a gentle cleansing solution
that is effective for post-laser resurfacing, chemical peels and other cosmetic surgery procedures. Cosmetic surgeons and
aesthetic dermatologists have found that CelleRx results in less pain, erythema, and exudate compared to Dakin solution,
which contains bleach impurities. CelleRx is a non-alcohol formulation that doesn’t dry or stain the skin, and most
importantly, has been shown to reduce the patient’s downtime post procedure.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions
and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. In preparing
these consolidated financial statements, management has made its best estimates and judgments of certain amounts, giving
due consideration to materiality. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments related to revenue
recognition, research and development costs, patent costs, stock-based compensation, income taxes and other contingencies.
We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the
circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies), included in Part II, Item 8 of this report, we believe that the
following accounting policies are most critical to fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We charge Bad Debt expense and setup an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts when management believes is unlikely
specific invoices will be collected. Management identified amounts due that are in dispute and it believes are unlikely to be
collected at the end of 2015. At December 31, 2015, management had reserved $40 thousand, primarily based on specific
amounts that are in dispute and are over 120 days past due.
Inventory
Inventory is comprised of (1) raw materials and supplies, such as bottles, packaging materials, labels, boxes, pumps; (2)
goods in progress, which are normally unlabeled bottles; and (3) finished goods. We utilize contract manufacturers to produce
our products and the cost associated with manufacturing is included in inventory.
22
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market value determined by the first-in, first-out method.
Revenue Recognition
We sell products through a limited number of distributors and via our webstore. We generally record product sales upon
shipment to the final customer for our webstore sales and upon shipment from our distributor to the final customers for our
major distribution partners.
We recognize product revenue when: (i) persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred and
title has passed, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from sales
transactions where the customer has the right to return the product is recognized at the time of sale only if: (i) our price to the
customer is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale, (ii) the customer has paid us, or the customer is obligated
to pay us and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product, (iii) the customer's obligation to us would not be
changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product, (iv) the customer acquiring the product for
resale has economic substance apart from that provided by us, (v) we do not have significant obligations for future
performance to directly bring about resale of the product by the customer, and (vi) the amount of future returns can be
reasonably estimated.
Product Revenue Allowances
Product revenue is recognized net of cash consideration paid to our customers and wholesalers, for services rendered by
the wholesalers accordance with the wholesalers agreements, and include a fixed rate per prescription shipped and monthly
program management and data fees. These services are not deemed sufficiently separable from the customers' purchase of
the product; therefore, they are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of revenue recognition.
Other product revenue allowances include certain prompt pay discounts and allowances offered to our customers,
program rebates and chargebacks. These product revenue allowances are recognized as a reduction of revenue or as a selling
expense at the later of the date at which the related revenue is recognized or the date at which the allowance is offered.
Other Revenue
License and collaboration revenue is primarily generated through agreements with strategic partners for the development
and commercialization of our product candidates. The terms of the agreements typically include non-refundable upfront fees,
funding of research and development activities, payments based upon achievement of certain milestones and royalties on net
product sales. In accordance with authoritative guidance, we analyze our multiple element arrangements to determine whether
the elements can be separated. We perform our analysis at the inception of the arrangement and as each product or service is
delivered. If a product or service is not separable, the combined deliverables are accounted for as a single unit of accounting
and revenue is recognized over the performance obligation period. Revenue is recognized when the following criteria have
been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred and risk of loss has passed; the seller’s price
to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. If these factors were to vary the resulting
change could have a material effect on our revenue recognition and on our results of operations.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold includes third party manufacturing costs, shipping costs, and other costs of goods sold. Cost of goods
sold also includes any necessary allowances for excess inventory that may expire and become unsalable. We did record an
allowance for obsolete inventory of $45 thousand during 2015, but did not record an allowance for excess inventory as of
December 31, 2015.
Research and Development Costs
We charge research and development costs to expense as incurred. These costs include salaries and benefits for research
and development personnel, costs associated with clinical trials managed by contract research organizations, and other costs
associated with research, development and regulatory activities. Research and development costs may vary depending on the
type of item or service incurred, location of performance or production, or lack of availability of the item or service, and
specificity required in production for certain compounds. We use external service providers to conduct clinical trials, to
manufacture supplies of product candidates and to provide various other research and development-related products and
services. Our research, clinical and development activities are often performed under agreements we enter into with external
service providers. We estimate and accrue the costs incurred under these agreements based on factors such as milestones
achieved, patient enrollment, estimates of work performed, and historical data for similar arrangements. As actual costs are
23
incurred, we adjust our accruals. Historically, our accruals have been consistent with management’s estimates, and no
material adjustments to research and development expenses have been recognized. Subsequent changes in estimates may
result in a material change in our expenses, which could also materially affect our results of operations.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date for all stock-based awards to employees and directors
and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are estimated
at the time of grant and reduce compensation expense ratably over the vesting period. This estimate is adjusted periodically
based on the extent to which actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from the previous estimate. See Note 10 of
the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding stock-based compensation expense and the
assumptions used in estimating that expense. For stock options granted to employees, the fair value of the stock options is
estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model.
Stock-based compensation arrangements with non-employees are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date.
The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying equity instruments vest.
Non-employee stock-based compensation charges are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. For stock
options granted to non-employees, the fair value of the stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option
pricing model.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for
the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets
and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences
are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized
in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that
some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be recognized.
Common Stock Warrant Liabilities
For warrants that are issued or modified and there is a deemed possibility that we may have to settle them in cash, or for
warrants we issue or modify that contain an exercise price adjustment feature that reduces the exercise price and increases
the number of shares of our common stock eligible for purchase thereunder in the event we subsequently issue equity
instruments at a price lower than the exercise price of the warrants, we record the fair value of the issued or modified warrants
as a liability at each balance sheet date and record changes in the estimated fair value as a non-cash gain or loss on the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using
the Binomial Lattice (“Lattice”) valuation model, and the change in the fair value are recorded in the consolidated statements
of operations and comprehensive gain or loss. The Lattice model provides for assumptions regarding volatility, call and put
features and risk-free interest rates within the total period to maturity. These values are subject to a significant degree of our
judgment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) included
in Part II, Item 8 of this report for information on recent accounting pronouncements.
24
Results of Operations
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
%
Change
%
Change
2015
2014
(in thousands, except per share data)
2013
Statements of Operations Data:
Sales:
Product Revenue, net ........................................ $
Other Revenue ..................................................
Total Net Sales .....................................................
Product Cost of Goods Sold ..........................
Gross Profit ..........................................................
4,146
235
4,381
1,261
3,120
Operating expenses:
Research and development ...............................
Selling, general and administrative ...................
Total operating expenses ......................................
Operating loss.......................................................
Non-cash gain (loss) on change in fair value of
warrants ..........................................................
Other income (expense), net .................................
Loss before income taxes .....................................
Provision for income taxes ...................................
6,045
18,089
24,134
(21,014)
2,149
(96)
(18,961)
(12)
506 $
(36)
159
449
(36)
128
38
25
29
(536)
25
500
684
370
1,054
486
568
9,511
7,935
17,446
(16,878)
1,664
22
(15,192)
(2)
207 $
(89)
200
(83)
(24)
25
(7)
9
(400)
2,100
(5)
-
223
3,254
3,477
162
3,315
12,461
6,340
18,801
(15,486)
(555)
1
(16,040)
(2)
Net loss ................................................................ $
(18,973)
25 $
(15,194)
(5) $
(16,042)
Total Net Sales and Gross Profit
Total Net Sales were $4,381 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $1,054 thousand for the year
ended December 31, 2014, and $3,477 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Gross Profit was $3,120 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $568 thousand for the year ended
December 31, 2014, and $3,315 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2013.
2015-2014
Product revenue increased by $3,462 thousand, or 506%, to $4,146 thousand from $684 thousand and other revenue
decreased by $135 thousand, or 36%, to $235 thousand from $370 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared
to the year ended December 31, 2014. The change in the product revenue was primarily the result of increased sales of
Avenova in connection with the focus on product commercialization, partially offset by a reduction in other revenue because
of our de-emphasis of technology and collaboration agreements.
Gross Profit increased by $2,552 thousand, or 449%, to $3,120 thousand from $568 thousand for the year ended
December 31, 2015, compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase in Gross Profit was primarily the result
of increased sales of Avenova.
2014-2013
Product revenue increased $461 thousand, or 207%, to $684 thousand from $223 thousand and other revenue decreased
by $2,884 thousand, or 89%, to $370 from $3,254 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to the year
ended December 31, 2014. The change in product revenue was primarily the result of increased sales of Avenova. The
decrease in 2014 other revenue was primarily related to the full recognition of the upfront payments from a collaboration
agreement in 2013.
25
Gross Profit decreased by $2,747 thousand, or 83%, to $568 thousand from $3,315 thousand for the year ended December
31, 2014, compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The reduction in Gross Profit was primarily related to the full
recognition of the upfront payments from a collaboration agreement in 2013.
Research and Development
Total Research and Development expenses were $6,045 thousand, $9,511 thousand, and $12,461 thousand for the years
ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively.
2015-2014
Research and Development expenses decreased by $3,466 thousand, or 36%, to $6,045 thousand for the year ended
December 31, 2014, from $9,511 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2014. The reduction is primarily the result of
reduced spending on clinical trials and shifting responsibilities to production support from research and development.
2014-2013
Research and Development expenses decreased $2,950 thousand, or 24%, to $9,511 thousand for the year ended
December 31, 2014, from $12,461 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2013. The decrease is primarily the result of
fewer in-clinical activities as we completed our BAYnovation trial for viral conjunctivitis and neared the completion of the
BACTOvation trial for bacterial conjunctivitis.
Sales, general and administrative
Sales, general and administrative expenses were $18,089 thousand, $7,935 thousand, and $6,340 thousand for the years
ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively. We expect to incur increasing sales,
general and administrative expenses throughout 2016 and in subsequent years as we support the commercialization of
Avenova.
2015-2014
Sales, general and administrative expenses increased by $10,154 thousand, or 128%, to $18,089 thousand for the year
ended December 31, 2015, from $7,935 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to
the increase in sales representative headcount and sales and marketing activities for the launch of Avenova, which began in
August of 2014.
2014-2013
Sales, general and administrative expenses increased by $1,595 thousand, or 25%, to $7,935 thousand for the year ended
December 31, 2104, from $6,340 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was primarily due to the
increase in sales representative headcount and sales and marketing activities for the launch of Avenova, which began in
August of 2014.
Non-cash gain (loss) on changes in fair value of warrants
The adjustments to the fair value of warrants were gains of $2,149 thousand, $1,664 thousand, and a loss of $555
thousand for the years ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively.
2015-2014
The non-cash gain on changes in the fair value of warrants relates primarily to warrants issued or modified as part of the
October 2015 financing. The change in fair value was primarily the result of two factors. First, the October 2015 financing
included the following elements that increased the fair value of the warrant liability: the term of the warrants issued in July
2011 was extended and the exercise price adjusted to the then market price, the terms of the warrants issued in March 2015
were similarly adjusted, which caused the March 2015 warrants to be reclassified from equity to a liability, and additional
warrants were issued as part of the October 2015 financing. The October 2015 warrants were classified as a liability when
they were issued. Second, the warrants issued in July 2011, March 2015 and October 2015 were all valued when they were
issued and re-measured as of December 31, 2015, the result being a reduction in the warrant liability of $2,149 thousand.
Please see Note 8 of the Financial Statements for a more complete explanation.
26
2014-2013
The non-cash gain on changes in fair value of warrants relates primarily to the warrants issued in July 2011. The balance
fluctuated primarily with our stock price and the remaining term of the warrants.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net, were expense of $96 thousand and income of $22 thousand and $1 thousand for the years
ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively. The change is primarily the result of
converting investments in securities to operating cash during 2015, instead of being invested in accounts that generated
returns.
Net loss
The Net loss was $18,973 thousand, $15,194 thousand, and $16,042 thousand for the years ended December 31 2015,
December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively.
2015-2014
Net loss increased by $3,779 thousand, or 25%, to $18,973 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2015, from $15,194
thousand for the year ended December 31, 2014. This increase was primarily the result of greater Selling, general and
administrative expenses associated with the commercialization of Avenova, which were partially offset by increased Product
Revenue and Gross Profit and reduced Research and Development expenses.
2014-2013
Net loss decreased by $848 thousand, or 5%, to $15,194 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2014, from $16,042
thousand for the year ended December 31, 2013. The decrease in Net loss was primarily related to our efforts to focus on the
commercialization of products and to de-emphasize our research and development programs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2.4 million, compared to $5.4 million and $13.1 million
at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We have incurred cumulative net losses of $90.5 million since inception
through December 31, 2015. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily through the sales of our stock and
warrants and funds received under our collaboration agreements. Since December 31, 2014, we have raised net proceeds of
$1.2 million related to sales of our stock through the At-the-Market Offering Agreement (“ATM Agreement”) set up in 2014.
In 2015, we closed three additional financings in which we raised a total of $13.0 million, or approximately $11.5 million in
net cash proceeds after deducting underwriting commissions and other offering costs of $1.5 million. We also raised
approximately $1.3 million on the sale of warrants. Additionally, in December 2015, we borrowed $1.7 million, the first
tranche of an aggregate $3.0 million bridge loan.
Although we recently raised capital, our cash and our cash equivalents are not sufficient to fund our planned operations.
To achieve this, we will continue with our historical financing strategy to raise additional capital in order to fund our
operations and meet our ongoing obligations, with the goal of being cash flow positive by December 2016. There is no
assurance that we will be able to raise capital, or if we are able to raise capital, that it will be on favorable terms. We
incorporated additional information regarding risks related to our capital and liquidity in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this report,
which should be read with this disclosure.
Until we can generate sufficient product revenue, we expect to finance future cash flow needs through public or private
equity offerings, debt financings or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. In addition, we are seeking to
monetize non-core assets such as our UCBE program. In two Phase 2 clinical studies, our AIS demonstrated clinically
meaningful and statistically significant results in preventing encrustation and incidence of clinical blockage in the in-dwelling
catheters of chronically catheterized patients. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our
shareholders may experience dilution. In addition, debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. To the
extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish
some rights to our technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. We are currently
seeking partners/purchasers who would pay an up-front fee for some of our “non-core assets,” such as our urology and
aesthetic dermatology programs.
27
Cash Used in Operating Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2015, cash used in operating activities was $18.6 million compared to $15.0 million
for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase in 2015 of cash used in operating activities was due to increased spending
on sales and marketing activities in the amount of $8.9 million, partially offset by a decrease in spending on clinical activity
in 2015 in the amount of $1.8 million, as we were reaching completion of certain clinical trials.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, cash used in operating activities was $15.1 million compared to $13.0 million
for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase in 2014 of cash used in operating activities was due to spending on sales
and marketing activities for the launch of Avenova, which we started in August 2014, partially offset by a decrease in
spending on clinical activity in 2014, as we were reaching completion of certain clinical trials.
Cash Provided By or Used In Investing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2015, $0.1 million cash was used in investing activities, and in December 31, 2014
and 2013, cash provided by investing activities of $2.6 million, and $1.4 million, respectively, was primarily attributable to
the net effects of purchases of short-term investments and sales and maturities.
Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, was primarily
attributable to proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants in March, May and October, the sale of our common
stock under our ATM agreement and the proceeds from the December bridge loan.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, was primarily
attributable to proceeds from the sale of our common stock under our ATM agreement and the sale of common stock and
warrants in our March financing.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $9.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, was primarily
attributable to the $5.7 million provided by stock sales to Pioneer, $375 thousand in stock sales to another investor and $2.9
million provided by exercises of warrants and stock options.
28
Quarterly Results of Operations (unaudited)
The following table presents unaudited quarterly results of operations for the eight most recent quarters ending with the
quarter ended December 31, 2015. This information has been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements
and has been prepared by us on a basis consistent with our audited annual consolidated financial statements and includes all
adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which management considers necessary for a fair presentation
of the information for the periods presented.
Quarter Ended
Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31,
2015
2015
(in thousands, except per share data)
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
2014
Statements of Operations
Data:
Sales:
Product Revenue ............ $
Other Revenue ...............
Total Net Sales ...................
1,587 $
48
1,635
1136 $
64
1,200
931 $
77
1,008
492 $
46
538
385 $
106
491
90 $
62
152
21 $
102
123
Product Cost of
Goods Sold ..............
Gross Profit ........................
Operating expenses:
Research and development .
Sales, general and
administrative ..................
Total operating expenses ....
Operating loss ....................
Non-cash gain (loss) on
change in fair value of
warrants ...........................
Other income (expense),
net ....................................
Loss before income taxes ...
Benefit from (provision
for) income taxes .............
Net loss .............................. $
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted ............... $
Shares used in computing
net loss per share:
Basic and diluted (after
effect of 1-for-25 reverse
stock split) .......................
591
1,044
269
931
253
755
148
390
296
195
42
110
18
105
1,239
1,920
1,245
1,641
2,433
2,312
2,238
2,528
5,951
7,190
(6,146)
4,359
6,279
(5,348)
4,369
5,614
(4,859)
3,410
5,051
(4,661)
2,663
5,096
(4,901)
1,911
4,223
(4,113)
1,653
3,891
(3,786)
1,708
4,236
(4,078)
1,976
139
—
34
451
(104)
797
520
(32)
(4,202)
(31)
(5,240)
(22)
(4,881)
(11)
(4,638)
(26)
(4,476)
(2)
(4,219)
57
(2,932)
(7)
(3,565)
2
(4,204) $
(2)
(5,242) $
(6)
(4,887) $
(2)
(4,640) $
8
(4,468) $
—
(4,219) $
(10)
(2,942) $
—
(3,565)
(1.26) $
(1.76) $
(1.84) $
(2.13) $
(2.17) $
(2.08) $
(1.45) $
(1.97)
3,337
2,985
2,653
2,175
2,060
2,033
2,031
1,814
188
100
288
130
158
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments ...... $
Working capital .............................................................
Total assets ....................................................................
Equipment loan—current and non-current ....................
Deferred revenue—current and non-current .................
Common stock and additional paid-in capital ...............
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) ...............................
2015
2014
2013
(in thousands)
2012
2011
2,385 $
(106)
5,077
—
2,418
85,422
(5,098)
5,429 $
3,607
7,537
—
2,425
73,395
1,848
13,053 $
11,163
15,650
—
1,871
64,884
8,516
16,870 $
15,108
19,235
—
1,892
54,373
14,049
14,138
11,720
15,963
—
2,250
42,672
9,344
29
Net Operating Losses and Tax Credit Carryforwards
As of December 31, 2015, we had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of $80.6
million and $77.1 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will begin
expiring at various dates between 2024 and 2035. As of December 31, 2015, we also had tax credit carryforwards for federal
income tax purposes of $1,274,000 and $256,000 for state tax purposes.
Current federal and California tax laws include substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss
carryforwards in the event of an ownership change of a corporation. Accordingly, our ability to utilize net operating loss
carryforwards may be limited as a result of such ownership changes. Such a limitation could result in the expiration of
carryforwards before they are utilized.
Inflation and Seasonality
We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our business and operating results during the periods
presented, and we do not expect it to have a material impact in the near future, although there can be no assurances that our
business will not be affected by inflation in the future.
We do not believe our business is subject to seasonality or any other cyclical trends.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2015.
Contractual Obligations
Our contractual cash commitments as of December 31, 2015, were as follows (in thousands):
Contractual Obligations
Operating leases ................................ $
$
Total
Less than
1 year
1 - 3 years
3 - 5 years
More than
5 years
3,290 $
3,290 $
643 $
643 $
1,344 $
1,344 $
1,303 $
1,303 $
-
-
This compares to contractual cash commitments as of December 31, 2014, of $3.9 million.
Our commitments under the operating leases shown above consist of payments relating to our lease of laboratory and
office space in one office building in Emeryville, California. This lease expires on October 31, 2020.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our market risk consists principally of interest rate risk on our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Our
exposure to market risk is limited primarily to interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in interest rates,
particularly because the majority of our investments are in short-term debt securities.
Our investment policy restricts our investments to high-quality investments and limits the amounts invested with any
one issuer, industry, or geographic area. The goals of our investment policy are as follows: preservation of capital, assurance
of liquidity needs, best available return on invested capital, and minimization of capital taxation. Some of the securities in
which we invest may be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal
amount of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we hold a security that was issued with an interest rate fixed at the
then-prevailing rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the principal amount of our investment will probably decline.
To minimize this risk, in accordance with our investment policy, we maintain our cash and cash equivalents in short-term
marketable securities, including money market mutual funds, Treasury bills, Treasury notes, certificates of deposit,
commercial paper, and corporate and municipal bonds. The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to our
investment portfolio. Due to the short-term nature of our investment portfolio, we believe we have minimal interest rate risk
arising from our investments. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, a 10% change in interest rates would have had an
immaterial effect on the value of our short-term marketable securities. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our
investment portfolio. We do not hold any instruments for trading purposes.
With most of our focus on Avenova in the domestic U.S. market, we have not had any material exposure to foreign
currency rate fluctuations.
30
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements required by this Item 8 are set forth below. Our quarterly financial information is set forth in
Item 7 of this report and is hereby incorporated into this Item 8 by reference.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ........................................................................................... 32
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 ................................................................................. 33
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014
and 2013 .....................................................................................................................................................................
34
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014
and 2013 .....................................................................................................................................................................
35
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 .............................. 36
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements .................................................................................................................. 37
31
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2015
and 2014 and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit
of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting
as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such
opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating
the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements audited by us present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated
financial position of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated results of its
operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going
concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses and
negative cash flows from operations and has a stockholders’ deficit, all of which raise substantial doubt about its ability to
continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the
outcome of this uncertainty.
San Francisco, California
March 3, 2016
32
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except shares and per share data)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents ................................................................................. $
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts ($40 and $0 at
December 31 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively) ............................
Inventory, net .....................................................................................................
Prepaid expenses and other current assets .........................................................
Total current assets ............................................................................................
Property and equipment, net ....................................................................................
Other assets ...............................................................................................................
TOTAL ASSETS ...................................................................................................... $
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable ............................................................................................... $
Accrued liabilities .............................................................................................
Deferred revenue ................................................................................................
Total current liabilities .......................................................................................
Deferred revenues - non-current ...............................................................................
Deferred rent .............................................................................................................
Notes payable, related party ......................................................................................
Warrant liability ........................................................................................................
Total liabilities ...................................................................................................
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
December 31,
2015
2014
2,385 $
536
1,345
261
4,527
395
155
5,077 $
2,483 $
1,980
170
4,633
2,248
189
1,655
1,450
10,175
5,429
273
521
729
6,952
436
149
7,537
1,865
1,055
425
3,345
2,000
171
—
173
5,689
Preferred stock: 5,000 shares authorized; none outstanding at December 31, 2015
and 2014 .................................................................................................................
—
—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 240,000 shares authorized; 3,486 and 2,066
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively ........
Additional paid-in capital ..........................................................................................
Accumulated other comprehensive loss ....................................................................
Accumulated deficit ..................................................................................................
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) ....................................................................
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) ................ $
35
85,387
—
(90,520 )
(5,098 )
5,077 $
21
73,374
—
(71,547)
1,848
7,537
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
33
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2015
2013
Sales:
Product Revenue, net ...................................................................... $
Other Revenue ................................................................................
Total Sales, net ...................................................................................
Product Cost of Goods Sold ........................................................
Gross Profit ........................................................................................
Research and development ..........................................................
Sales, general and administrative ................................................
Total Operating Expenses ...........................................................
Operating Loss ...................................................................................
Non cash gain(loss) on changes in fair value of warrants ..................
Other income (expense), net ...............................................................
Loss before provision for income taxes .............................................
Provision for income tax ....................................................................
Net loss ...............................................................................................
4,146 $
235
4,381
1,261
3,120
6,045
18,089
24,134
(21,014)
2,149
(96)
(18,961)
(12)
(18,973)
Change in Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities .
Comprehensive loss ........................................................................... $
—
(18,973) $
684 $
370
1,054
486
568
9,511
7,935
17,446
(16,878 )
1,664
22
(15,192 )
(2 )
(15,194 )
15
(15,179 ) $
223
3,254
3,477
162
3,315
12,461
6,340
18,801
(15,486 )
(555 )
1
(16,040 )
(2 )
(16,042 )
(2 )
(16,044 )
Loss per share (basic and diluted) ...................................................... $
(6.82) $
(7.65 ) $
(10.51 )
Basic and Diluted Shares used in loss per share calculation ..............
2,784
1,985
1,527
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
34
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands)
Accumulated
Additional
Other
Total
Balance at December 31, 2012 ........................ 1,477 $
Net loss .......................................................... —
15 $
—
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on
Common Stock Paid-In
Shares Amount Capital
Loss
Comprehensive Accumulated Stockholders'
Equity (Deficit)
14,049
(16,042)
(40,311) $
(16,042)
(13) $
—
Deficit
54,358 $
—
investments .......................................... —
—
—
Issuance of common stock in connection
12
with shelf offering, net of offering costs ......
200
Issuance of stock to Pioneer ...............................
Issuance of stock to Feichter ..........................
12
Credits on sales of NeutroPhase ..................... —
11
Issuance of stock for option exercises ............
72
Issuance of stock for warrant exercises ..........
Issuance of stock to consultants for services ..
1
Stock-based compensation expense related to
—
2
—
—
—
1
—
352
5,698
375
7
126
2,717
49
warrants ....................................................... —
—
166
Stock-based compensation expense related to
employee and director stock options ........... —
—
921
Stock-based compensation expense related to
non-employee stock options ........................ —
Balance at December 31, 2013 .................... 1,785
Net loss .......................................................... —
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on
—
18
—
97
64,866
—
investments .......................................... —
—
—
Issuance of common stock in connection
with shelf offering, net of offering costs ......
275
Issuance of stock to Pioneer ........................... —
2
Issuance of stock for option exercises ............
2
Issuance of stock to consultants for services ..
Employee bonus paid in common stock .........
1
Stock-based compensation expense related to
3
—
—
—
—
7,122
205
34
28
77
employee and director stock options ........... —
—
853
Stock-based compensation expense related to
non-employee stock options ........................ —
Vesting of employee restricted stock awards .
1
Balance at December 31, 2014 .................... 2,066
Net loss .......................................................... —
Issuance of common stock in connection
—
—
21
—
189
—
73,374
—
with shelf offering, net of offering costs ......
85
1
1,176
Issuance of stock and warrants, net of
offering costs ............................................... 1,328
Equity transferred to warrant liability ............ —
4
Issuance of stock to consultants for services ..
Employee bonus paid in common stock .........
3
Stock-based compensation expense related to
13
—
—
—
11,505
(2,175)
63
62
employee and director stock options ........... —
—
1,194
Stock-based compensation expense related to
(2)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(15)
—
15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(2)
352
5,700
375
7
126
2,718
49
166
921
—
(56,353)
(15,194)
97
8,516
(15,194)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(71,547)
(18,973)
—
—
—
—
—
—
15
7,125
205
34
28
77
853
189
—
1,848
(18,973)
1,177
11,518
(2,175)
63
62
1,194
188
(5,098)
non-employee stock options ........................ —
Balance at December 31, 2015 ..................... 3,486 $
—
35 $
188
85,387 $
—
— $
—
(90,520) $
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
35
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss ............................................................................................... $
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities:
Depreciation and amortization ...........................................................
Net realized loss on sales of short-term investments ..........................
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment ...........................
Stock-based compensation expense for options and stock issued to
employees and directors ...................................................................
Compensation expense for warrants issued for services ....................
Stock-based compensation expense for options, warrants and stock
issued to non-employees ..................................................................
Non-cash (gain) loss on change in fair value of warrants ..................
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable .........................................
Increase in inventory ..........................................................................
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets ...................
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities .........
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue .............................................
Net cash used in operating activities ..................................................
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment ................................................
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment ...........................
Purchases of short-term investments ..................................................
Proceeds from maturities and sales of short-term investments ..........
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities ................................
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from common stock issuances, net .....................................
Proceeds from exercise of options and warrants ................................
Proceeds from borrowings .................................................................
Proceeds from shelf offering, net .......................................................
Net cash provided by financing activities ..........................................
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents .........................
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period ................................
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period ........................................... $
Supplemental disclosure of non cash information
Bonus paid in stock ............................................................................ $
Stock issued to consultants for services ............................................. $
Options exercised ............................................................................... $
Equity transferred to warrant liability ................................................ $
Year Ended December 31.
2014
2013
2015
(18,973) $
(15,194) $
(16,042)
164
—
(1)
1,194
—
188
(2,149)
(299)
(751)
402
1,655
11
(18,559)
(123)
37
—
—
(86)
11,519
1,250
1,655
1,177
15,601
(3,044)
5,429
2,385 $
62 $
63 $
(4) $
(2,175) $
232
40
(54)
853
—
189
(1,664)
555
(451)
138
(252)
553
(15,055)
(68)
128
(4,012)
6,550
2,598
227
34
—
7,125
7,386
(5,071)
10,500
5,429 $
54 $
7 $
— $
— $
314
21
—
921
166
97
555
159
(208)
(345)
1,414
(21)
(12,969)
(141)
—
(4,330)
5,878
1,407
6,075
2,900
—
352
9,327
(2,235)
12,735
10,500
—
49
—
—
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
36
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on commercializing
prescription Avenova® daily lid and lash hygiene in the domestic eye care market.
The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of California on January 19, 2000, as NovaCal
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. It had no operations until July 1, 2002, on which date it acquired all of the operating assets of NovaCal
Pharmaceuticals, LLC, a California limited liability company. In February 2007, it changed its name from NovaCal
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In August 2007, it formed two subsidiaries––NovaBay
Pharmaceuticals Canada, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated under the laws of British Columbia (Canada), which
was formed to conduct research and development in Canada and was dissolved in July 2012, and DermaBay, Inc., a wholly-
owned U.S. subsidiary, which may explore and pursue dermatological opportunities. In June 2010, it changed the state in
which it is incorporated (the “Reincorporation”), and is now incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. All
references to “the Company” herein refer to the California corporation prior to the date of the Reincorporation, and to the
Delaware corporation on and after the date of the Reincorporation. Historically, the Company operated as four business
segments. At the direction of its Board of Directors, the Company is focused primarily on commercializing prescription
Avenova for managing hygiene of the eyelids and lashes in the United States and is now managed as a single business and
not four segments.
Effective December 11, 2015, we effected a 1-for-25 reverse split of our outstanding common stock (“Reverse Stock
Split”) (See Note 9).
Need to Raise Additional Capital
We have incurred significant losses from operations since inception and expect losses to continue for the foreseeable
future. As of December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2.4 million. Our operating plans call for cash
expenditures to exceed $2.4 million over the next twelve months. We plan to raise additional capital to fund our operations.
We plan to finance our operations through the sale of equity securities, debt arrangements or partnership or licensing
collaborations. Such funding may not be available or may be on terms that are not favorable to us. Our inability to raise
capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to continue as a going
concern. If we become unable to continue as a going concern, we may have to liquidate our assets, and might realize
significantly less than the values at which they are carried on our financial statements, and stockholders may lose all or part
of their investment in our common stock.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue to operate as a going concern,
which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The consolidated
financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and
classification of assets or the amounts of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to our ability to continue as a
going concern.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and are expressed in U.S. dollars.
Reclassifications
Prior period amounts in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets have been reclassified to conform to current
period presentation. The reclassifications did not change total assets, total liabilities, or total stockholders’ equity.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned
subsidiary, DermaBay, Inc. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
37
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These
estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations, estimated amortization period
for payments received from product development and license agreements as they relate to revenue recognition, assumptions
for valuing options and warrants, and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with a stated maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash
equivalents. As of December 31, 2015, cash and cash equivalents were held in financial institutions in the U.S. and include
deposits in money market funds, which were unrestricted as to withdrawal or use.
The Company classifies all highly liquid investments with a stated maturity of greater than three months as short-term
investments. Short-term investments generally consist of certificates of deposit and corporate debt securities. The Company
has classified their short-term investments as available-for-sale. These securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized
gains and losses reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Realized gains and losses from
the sale of available-for-sale securities, if any, are determined on a specific identification basis. A decline in the market value
below cost of any available-for-sale security that is determined to be other than temporary results in a revaluation of its
carrying amount to fair value and an impairment charge to earnings, resulting in a new cost basis for the security. No such
impairment charges were recorded for the periods presented. The interest income and realized gains and losses are included
in other income (expense), net, within the consolidated statements of operations. Interest income is recognized when earned.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Partners
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily
of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company maintains deposits of cash, cash
equivalents and short-term investments with three highly-rated, major financial institutions in the United States.
Deposits in these banks may exceed the amount of federal insurance provided on such deposits. The Company does not
believe these deposits are exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the financial institutions in which
these deposits are held. Additionally, the Company has established guidelines regarding diversification and investment
maturities, which are designed to maintain safety and liquidity.
During the year ended December 31, 2015, revenues were derived primarily from the Company’s webstore selling
Avenova directly to doctors and through sales to three distribution partners. During the year ended December 31, 2014,
revenues were derived from one collaboration partner and sales to two distribution partners, service revenues and sales of
Avenova and NeutroPhase. During the year ended December 31, 2013, revenues were derived from two collaboration
partners, sales to two distribution partners, and sales of NeutroPhase products and service revenues.
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
Financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which
management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on U.S. GAAP guidance, which defines
fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements.
Under U.S. GAAP, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a
liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between
market participants on the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy is also established, which requires an entity to maximize
the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels
of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable;
Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions).
38
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We charge Bad Debt expense and record an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts when management believes is unlikely
specific invoices will be collected. Management identified amounts due that are in dispute and it believes are unlikely to be
collected at the end of 2015. At December 31, 2015, management had reserved $40 thousand, primarily based on specific
amounts that are in dispute and are over 120 days past due.
Inventory
Inventory is: (1) raw materials and supplies, such as bottles, packaging materials, labels, boxes, pumps; (2) goods in
progress, which are normally unlabeled bottles; and (3) finished goods. The Company utilizes contract manufacturers to
produce its products and the cost associated with maufacturing is included in inventory.
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market value determined by the first-in, first-out method.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated
using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which are five to seven years for office
and laboratory equipment, three years for software and seven years for furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are
depreciated over the shorter of seven years or the lease term.
The costs of normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are charged to operations when incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires that companies consider
whether events or changes in facts and circumstances, both internally and externally, may indicate that impairment of long-
lived assets held for use is present. Management periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets and has
determined that there was no impairment as of all periods presented. Determination of recoverability is based on the estimate
of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash
flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the asset, the assets are written down to their
estimated fair values and the loss is recognized in the statements of operations.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, requires that an entity’s change in equity or net assets during a period from
transactions and other events from non-owner sources be reported. The Company reports unrealized gains and losses on its
available-for-sale securities as other comprehensive income (loss).
Revenue Recognition
The Company sells products through a limited number of distributors and via its webstore. The Company generally
records product sales upon shipment to the final customer for its webstore sales and upon shipment from its distributor to the
final customers for its major distribution partners.
We recognize product revenue when: (i) persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred and
title has passed, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from sales
transactions where the customer has the right to return the product is recognized at the time of sale only if: (i) our price to the
customer is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale, (ii) the customer has paid us, or the customer is obligated
to pay us and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product, (iii) the customer's obligation to us would not be
changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product, (iv) the customer acquiring the product for
resale has economic substance apart from that provided by us, (v) we do not have significant obligations for future
performance to directly bring about resale of the product by the customer, and (vi) the amount of future returns can be
reasonably estimated.
Product Revenue Allowances
Product revenue is recognized net of cash consideration paid to our customers and wholesalers, for services rendered by
the wholesalers accordance with the wholesalers agreements, and include a fixed rate per prescription shipped and monthly
39
program management and data fees. These services are not deemed sufficiently separable from the customers' purchase of
the product; therefore, they are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of revenue recognition.
Other product revenue allowances include certain prompt pay discounts and allowances offered to our customers,
program rebates and chargebacks. These product revenue allowances are recognized as a reduction of revenue or as a selling
expense at the later of the date at which the related revenue is recognized or the date at which the allowance is offered.
Other Revenue
License and collaboration revenue is primarily generated through agreements with strategic partners for the development
and commercialization of our product candidates. The terms of the agreements typically include non-refundable upfront fees,
funding of research and development activities, payments based upon achievement of certain milestones and royalties on net
product sales. In accordance with authoritative guidance, we analyze our multiple element arrangements to determine whether
the elements can be separated. We perform our analysis at the inception of the arrangement and as each product or service is
delivered. If a product or service is not separable, the combined deliverables are accounted for as a single unit of accounting
and revenue is recognized over the performance obligation period. Revenue is recognized when the following criteria have
been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred and risk of loss has passed; the seller’s price
to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. If these factors were to vary the resulting
change could have a material effect on our revenue recognition and on our results of operations.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold includes third party manufacturing costs, shipping costs, and other costs of goods sold. Cost of goods
sold also includes any necessary allowances for excess inventory that may expire and become unsalable. The Company
recorded an allowance for obsolete inventory of $45 thousand during 2015, but did not record an allowance for excess
inventory as of December 31, 2015.
Research and Development Costs
The Company charges research and development costs to expense as incurred. These costs include salaries and benefits
for research and development personnel, costs associated with clinical trials managed by contract research organizations, and
other costs associated with research, development and regulatory activities. Research and development costs may vary
depending on the type of item or service incurred, location of performance or production, or lack of availability of the item
or service, and specificity required in production for certain compounds. The Company uses external service providers to
conduct clinical trials, to manufacture supplies of product candidates and to provide various other research and development-
related products and services. The Company’s research, clinical and development activities are often performed under
agreements it enters into with external service providers. The Company estimates and accrues the costs incurred under these
agreements based on factors such as milestones achieved, patient enrollment, estimates of work performed, and historical
data for similar arrangements. As actual costs are incurred, the Company adjusts its accruals. Historically, the Company’s
accruals have been consistent with management’s estimates, and no material adjustments to research and development
expenses have been recognized. Subsequent changes in estimates may result in a material change in the Company’s expenses,
which could also materially affect its results of operations.
Patent Costs
Patent costs, including legal expenses, are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Patent expenses are included
in sales, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock
Compensation. Under the fair value recognition provisions, stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date
for all stock-based awards to employees and directors and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which
is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and reduce compensation expense ratably over
the vesting period. This estimate is adjusted periodically based on the extent to which actual forfeitures differ, or are expected
to differ, from the previous estimate. See Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information
regarding stock-based compensation expense and the assumptions used in estimating that expense. For stock options granted
to employees, the fair value of the stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model.
40
Stock-based compensation arrangements with non-employees are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date.
The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying equity instruments vest.
Non-employee stock-based compensation charges are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. For stock
options granted to non-employees, the fair value of the stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option
pricing model.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of
existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in
tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is
more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be recognized.
Common Stock Warrant Liabilities
For warrants that are newly issued or modified and there is a deemed possibility that we may have to settle them in
cash, or for warrants we issue or modify that contain an exercise price adjustment feature that reduces the exercise price and
increases the number of shares of our common stock eligible for purchase thereunder in the event we subsequently issue
equity instruments at a price lower than the exercise price of the warrants, we record the fair value of the issued or modified
warrants as a liability at each balance sheet date and record changes in the estimated fair value as a non-cash gain or loss on
the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair values of these warrants have been determined
using the Binomial Lattice (“Lattice”) valuation model, and the change in the fair value are recorded in the consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive gain or loss. The Lattice model provides for assumptions regarding volatility,
call and put features and risk-free interest rates within the total period to maturity. These values are subject to a significant
degree of our judgment.
Net Income (Loss) per Share
The Company computes net income (loss) per share by presenting both basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share
(“EPS”).
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number
of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding
during the period, including stock options and warrants, using the treasury stock method. In computing diluted EPS, the
average stock price for the period is used to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of
stock options or warrants. Potentially dilutive common share equivalents are excluded from the diluted EPS computation in
net loss periods because their effect would be anti-dilutive. During years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, there is
no difference between basic and diluted net loss per share due to the Company’s net losses. The following table sets forth the
reconciliation between basic EPS and diluted EPS, after giving effect to the reverse stock split.
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
2015
2014
2013
Net loss ......................................................................................... $
(18,973) $
(15,179) $
(16,044 )
Basic shares ..................................................................................
Add: shares issued upon assumed exercise of stock options and
warrants .....................................................................................
Diluted shares ...............................................................................
Basic EPS ..................................................................................... $
Diluted EPS .................................................................................. $
2,784
1,985
—
2,784
(6.82) $
(6.82) $
—
1,985
(7.65) $
(7.65) $
1,527
—
1,527
(10.51 )
(10.51 )
41
The following outstanding stock options and stock warrants were excluded from the diluted EPS computation as their
effect would have been anti-dilutive:
(in thousands)
Stock options ..........................................................................
Stock warrants ........................................................................
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
388
1,458
323
197
287
192
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-3, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance
Costs , which requires debt issuance costs to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value
of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. The recognition and measurement guidance
for debt issuance costs are not affected by this guidance. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating
the method of adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2015-3 on its results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The updated standard will replace most existing recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP
when it becomes effective and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. In August
2015, the FASB issued an update to defer the effective date of this update by one year. The updated standard becomes
effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018, but allows the Company to adopt the standard one year earlier if it is
so choses. The Company has not yet elected a transition method and is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard
will have on its results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330) Related to Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory
which applies to all inventory measured using first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost. Inventory within the scope of the
new guidance should be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling
prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The
amendments will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2017, including interim periods within fiscal 2017. The
new guidance should be applied prospectively, and earlier application is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual
reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2015-11 on
its results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases
(Topic 840) and provides principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees
and lessors. The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating
leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification
will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the
term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with
a term of greater than twelve months regardless of classification. Leases with a term of twelve months or less will be
accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods
beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted upon issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the
method of adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on its results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
NOTE 3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on authoritative guidance that defines fair
value, establishes a framework consisting of three levels for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value
measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be receive for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an
exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants on the measurement date.
The Company’s cash equivalents and investments are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy
because they are valued using quoted market prices in active markets, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing
sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The types of investments that are generally classified within Level 1 of
the fair value hierarchy include money market securities. The types of investments that are generally classified within Level
2 of the fair value hierarchy include corporate securities, certificates of deposits and U.S. government securities.
42
The Company’s warrant liability is classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the value is calculated
using significant judgment based on our own assumptions in the valuation of this liability.
The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of
December 31, 2015:
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
for Identical
Items
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Balance at
December
31, 2015
2,385 $
2,385 $
2,385 $
2,385 $
— $
— $
—
—
(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents ................................................................... $
Total assets ........................................................................... $
Liabilities
Warrant liability ................................................................... $
Total liabilities ..................................................................... $
1,450 $
1,450 $
— $
— $
— $
— $
1,450
1,450
For the year ended December 31, 2014, as a result of the fair value adjustment of the warrant liability, the Company
recorded a non-cash gain on a change in the fair value of $1.7 million in its consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive loss. See Note 8 for further discussion on the calculation of the fair value of the warrant liability.
(in thousands)
Fair value of warrants at December 31, 2012 ........................................................................................ $
Increase in fair value at December 31, 2013 ......................................................................................
Total warrant liability at December 31, 2013 ........................................................................................
Decrease in fair value at December 31, 2014 ....................................................................................
Total warrant liability at December 31, 2014 ........................................................................................
Warrants issued..................................................................................................................................
Increase in fair value at December 31, 2015 ......................................................................................
Total warrant liability at December 31, 2015 ......................................................................... $
Warrant liability
1,282
555
1,837
(1,664)
173
3,426
(2,149)
1,450
NOTE 4. INVENTORY
Inventory consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
Raw materials and supplies .............................................................................. $
Goods in process ..............................................................................................
Finished goods .................................................................................................
Less Reserve for obsolete inventory ................................................................
Total inventory, net .......................................................................................... $
December 31,
2015
December 31,
2014
660 $
248
482
(45)
1,345 $
260
184
77
—
521
43
NOTE 5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
Office and laboratory equipment .............................................................................. $
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................................................................
Software ...................................................................................................................
Leasehold improvements ..........................................................................................
Total property and equipment, at cost ......................................................................
Less: accumulated depreciation................................................................................
Total property and equipment, net ........................................................................... $
December 31,
2015
December 31,
2014
1,633 $
254
37
173
2,097
(1,702)
395 $
1,697
98
9
172
1,976
(1,540)
436
Depreciation and amortization expense was $164 thousand, $232 thousand and $314 thousand for the years ended
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
NOTE 6. ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
Research and development ....................................................................................... $
Employee payroll and benefits .................................................................................
Severance pay...........................................................................................................
Sales rebate ..............................................................................................................
Other.........................................................................................................................
Total accrued liabilities ............................................................................................ $
December 31,
2015
December 31,
2014
394 $
614
590
150
232
1,980 $
209
667
—
—
179
1,055
NOTE 7. RELATED PARTY NOTES PAYABLE
Beginning on December 30, 2015, NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a series of agreements
pursuant to a loan (the “Loan”) facilitated by China Kington Asset Management Co. Ltd. (“China Kington”). In connection
with the Loan, the Company issued or will soon issue five (5) promissory notes (the “Notes”) payable to Mr. Mark
Sieczkarek, the Gail J. Maderis Revocable Trust, Dr. T. Alex McPherson, Mr. Jian Ping Fu, and Pioneer Pharma (Singapore)
Pte. Ltd. (“Pioneer”) (collectively, the “Lenders”), loaning the Company an aggregate of $3,020,000. Specifically, Mr.
Sieczkarek, Chairman of the Board of the Company (the “Board”) and Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of the
Company, loaned the Company $199,000; the Gail J. Maderis Revocable Trust, on behalf of Ms. Maderis, a Director of the
Company, loaned the Company $71,000; Dr. McPherson, a Director of the Company, loaned the Company
$20,000; Pioneer loaned the Company $1,365,000; and Mr. Fu has promised to loan the Company $1,365,000. All Notes
were issued on December 30, 2015 except the Note payable to Mr. Fu, which will be issued in January 2016 upon receipt of
such funds.
The proceeds from the Notes are to be used for general corporate purposes. Minimum quarterly payments of principal
and interest will begin on March 31, 2016 and continue on the last day of each June, September, December and March
thereafter. The entire principal sum and any and all accrued and unpaid interest is payable in full upon the Company’s next
financing, but in no event shall the term of the Loan extend beyond December 30, 2018, except for the loan by Mr. Fu, the
term of which shall extend three (3) years from the date of issuance of the Note payable to Mr. Fu. The Notes will pay interest
at a rate of six percent (6%) per annum and may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty.
In connection with the Notes, China Kington has agreed to act as collateral agent for the benefit of the Lenders, in
accordance with the terms of a collateral agency and intercreditor agreement (the “Collateral Agency Agreement”), which
was entered into on December 30, 2015 between China Kington and the Lenders. To secure the Notes, China Kington shall
have a perfected security interest in all tangible and intangible assets of the Company, pursuant to a security agreement (the
“Security Agreement”) between the Company and China Kington, which was entered into on December 30, 2015.
As consideration to China Kington for facilitating the Loan, the Company agreed to the following: (1) the grant of a first
right of refusal for China Kington (or its designee that shall be acceptable to the Company in its reasonable discretion) to
lead financings for the Company for a period that is the shorter of two (2) years or the day that the Company’s cash flow has
44
been equal to or greater than $0 in each month for three (3) consecutive months, subject to certain limitations; (2) the
participation of Mr. Sieczkarek as a Lender in this financing; (3) the participation of the Company’s Board, management and
investors that the Board and management provide, to contribute an aggregate nine percent (9%) of funds in the Company’s
next financing; (4) the appointment of two new members to the Company’s Board to be named in the future by China Kington;
and (5) the Company’s agreement to reasonably cooperate with reasonable requests made by an auditor engaged, and paid
for, by China Kington, subject to certain limitations.
As of December 31, 2015, outstanding amounts under these notes was $1.7 million.
See the Neutrophase Distribution Agreements section of Note 12 for description of the Company’s relationship with
Pioneer Pharma Co., Ltd.
NOTE 8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Leases
We lease laboratory facilities and office space under an operating lease, which expires on October 31, 2020. Rent expense
was $1,008 thousand, $1,045 thousand, and $966 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013,
respectively. The future minimum lease payments under this non-cancellable operating lease were as follows as of
December 31, 2015:
(in thousands)
Year ending December 31:
Lease Commitment
2016 ................................................................................................................................................... $
2017 ...................................................................................................................................................
2018 ...................................................................................................................................................
2019 ...................................................................................................................................................
2020 ...................................................................................................................................................
Total lease commitment ........................................................................................................................ $
643
662
682
703
600
3,290
The Company’s monthly rent payments fluctuate under the master lease agreement. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the
Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis, and records deferred rent for the difference between the amounts
paid and recorded as expense. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had $189 thousand and $171 thousand of
deferred rent, respectively.
Directors and Officers Indemnity
As permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with our bylaws, we indemnify our officers and directors for certain
events or occurrences while the officer or director is or was serving at our request in such capacity. The term of the
indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is
unlimited; however, we have a director or officer insurance policy that limits our exposure and may enable us to recover a
portion of any future payments. We believe the fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we
have not recorded any liabilities for these agreements as of December 31, 2015.
In the normal course of business, we provide indemnifications of varying scope under our agreements with other
companies, typically our clinical research organizations, investigators, clinical sites, suppliers and others. Pursuant to these
agreements, we generally indemnify, hold harmless, and agree to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or
incurred by the indemnified parties in connection with use or testing of our products or product candidates or with any U.S.
patent or any copyright or other intellectual property infringement claims by any third party with respect to our products. The
term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual. The potential future payments we could be required to make
under these indemnification agreements is unlimited. Historically, costs related to these indemnification provisions have been
immaterial. We also maintain various liability insurance policies that limit our exposure. As a result, we believe the fair value
of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have not recorded any liabilities for these agreements as of
December 31, 2015.
Legal Matters
From time to time, the Company may be involved in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.
There are no matters at December 31, 2015, that, in the opinion of management, would have a material adverse effect on our
financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
45
NOTE 9. WARRANT LIABILITY
In July 2011, the Company sold common stock and warrants in a registered direct financing. As part of this
transaction, 139,520 warrants were issued with an exercise price of $33.25 and were exercisable from January 1, 2012 to July
5, 2016. The terms of the warrants require registered shares to be delivered upon each warrant’s exercise and also require
possible cash payments to the warrant holders (in lieu of the warrant’s exercise) upon specified fundamental transactions
involving the Company’s common stock, such as in an acquisition of the Company. Under ASC 480, Distinguishing
Liabilities from Equity, the Company’s ability to deliver registered shares upon an exercise of the warrants and the
Company’s potential obligation to cash-settle the warrants if specified fundamental transactions occur are deemed to be
beyond the Company’s control. The warrants contain a provision according to which the warrant holder would have the
option to receive cash, equal to the Black Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, as cash
settlement in the event that there is a fundamental transaction (contractually defined to include various merger, acquisition
or stock transfer activities). Due to this provision, ASC 480 requires that these warrants be classified as liabilities. The fair
values of these warrants have been determined using the Binomial Lattice (“Lattice”) valuation model, and the changes in
the fair value are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. The Lattice model provides for assumptions regarding
volatility and risk-free interest rates within the total period to maturity. In addition, after January 5, 2012, and if the closing
bid price per share of the common stock in the principal market equals or exceeds $66.50 for any ten trading days (which do
not have to be consecutive) in a period of fifteen consecutive trading days, the Company has the right to require the exercise
of one-third of the warrants then held by the warrant holders.
In October 2015, the holders of all warrants issued pursuant to the Company’s securities purchase agreement dated
March 3, 2015 (the “Agreement”) agreed to reduce the length of notice required to such investors prior to the Company’s
issuance of new securities from twenty business days to two business days, for the remainder of such investors’ pre-emptive
right period (expiring March 3, 2016). The Company entered into these agreements to enable it to expeditiously raise capital
in the Offering (as described below) and future offerings. As consideration for these agreements, the Company amended
certain provisions of both the Short-Term Warrants and Long-Term Warrants issued pursuant to the Agreement (together,
the “March 2015 Warrants”) and the warrants issued pursuant to the placement agent agreement dated June 29, 2011 (the
“2011 Warrants”). Specifically, the amendments decreased the exercise price for both the March 2015 Warrants and the 2011
Warrants to $5.00 per share. In addition, the amendments extended the exercise expiration date for the Short-Term Warrants
and the 2011 Warrants to March 6, 2020. A price protection provision also was added to both the 2011 Warrants and March
2015 Warrants, such that if the Company subsequently sells or otherwise disposes of Company common stock at a lower
price per share than $5.00 or any securities exchangeable for common stock with a lower exercise price than $5.00, the
exercise price of such warrants will be reduced to that lower price.
In October 2015, the Company also entered into an underwriting agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, relating to
the public offering and sale of up to (i) 492,000 shares of the Company’s common stock; and (ii) warrants to purchase up
to 442,802 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $5.00 per share.
The shares of common stock and warrants were issued separately. Each warrant was exercisable immediately upon
issuance and will expire 60 months from the date of issuance. The price to the public in this offering was $5.00 per share of
common stock and related warrant. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $2.1 million after deducting
underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.
The Company evaluated the change in terms of the July 2011 warrants and noted that the change in terms resulted in a
revaluation at the time of the change. The warrants were re-issued and valued as of October 27, 2015 at $360,821 with the
new terms, and a modification expense was recorded for the difference between the fair value of the warrants at their new
terms after modification on October 27, 2015 and the fair value of the warrants at their original terms prior to modification
as of October 27, 2015. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Binomial Lattice (“Lattice”)
valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.
The key assumptions used to value the warrants after the modification at October 27, 2015 were as follows:
Assumption
Expected price volatility .......................................................................................................................
Expected term (in years) ......................................................................................................................
Risk-free interest rate ...........................................................................................................................
Dividend yield ......................................................................................................................................
Weighted-average fair value of warrants ............................................................................................. $
80.00%
4.36
1.23%
0.00%
2.60
46
The key assumptions used to value the warrant after the modification at December 31, 2015 were as follows:
Assumption
Expected price volatility ..........................................................................................
Expected term (in years) .........................................................................................
Risk-free interest rate ..............................................................................................
Dividend yield .........................................................................................................
Weighted-average fair value of warrants ................................................................ $
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
80.00 %
4.18
1.58 %
0.00 %
1.10 $
60%
1.51
0.47%
0.00%
1.25
In March 2015, the Company issued both short-term (15-month term; $0.60 per share exercise price) and long-term
warrants (60-month term; $0.65 per share exercise price). At that time the Company determined that these warrants qualified
for equity accounting and did not contain embedded derivatives that required bifurcation. After the October 2015 Agreement
noted above, the Company evaluated the change in terms of the March 2015 warrants and noted that the change in terms
resulted in liability classification of both the long-term (“Long-term”) and short-term (“Short-term”) warrants. The warrants
were re-issued and valued as of October 27, 2015 at a total of $1,821,508 with the new terms and a modification expense was
recorded at the difference between the fair value of the warrants on their new terms after modification as of October 27, 2015
and the fair value of the warrants on their original terms prior to modification as of October 27, 2015. The fair values of these
warrants have been determined using the Binomial Lattice (“Lattice”) valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are
recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.
The key assumptions used to value the warrants after the modification at October 27, 2015 were as follows:
Assumption
Expected price volatility .......................................................................................................................
Expected term (in years) ......................................................................................................................
Risk-free interest rate ...........................................................................................................................
Dividend yield ......................................................................................................................................
Weighted-average fair value of warrants .............................................................................................
The key assumptions used to re-value the warrants at December 31, 2015 were as follows:
Assumption
Expected price volatility .......................................................................................................................
Expected term (in years) ......................................................................................................................
Risk-free interest rate ...........................................................................................................................
Dividend yield ......................................................................................................................................
Weighted-average fair value of warrants .............................................................................................
$
$
80.00%
4.36
1.23%
0.00%
2.78
80.00%
4.18
1.58%
0.00%
1.16
As noted above, in October 2015, the Company issued warrants in connection with an underwriting agreement. The
Company evaluated the terms of the warrants and noted that under ASC 480, the Company’s potential obligation to cash-
settle the warrants if specified fundamental transactions occur are deemed to be beyond the Company’s control. Due to this
provision, ASC 480 requires that these warrants be classified as liabilities. The fair values of these warrants have been
determined using the Binomial Lattice (“Lattice”) valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are recorded in the
consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of the warrants at issuance was $1,250,453.
The key assumptions used to initially value the warrants at October 27, 2015 were as follows:
Assumption
Expected price volatility .......................................................................................................................
Expected term (in years) ......................................................................................................................
Risk-free interest rate ...........................................................................................................................
Dividend yield ......................................................................................................................................
Weighted-average fair value of warrants .............................................................................................
$
75.50%
5.00
1.38%
0.00%
2.82
47
The key assumptions used to re-value the warrants at December 31, 2015 were as follows:
Assumption
Expected price volatility .......................................................................................................................
Expected term (in years) ......................................................................................................................
Risk-free interest rate ...........................................................................................................................
Dividend yield ......................................................................................................................................
Weighted-average fair value of warrants .............................................................................................
$
77.50%
4.83
1.72%
0.00%
1.21
NOTE 10. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Amendments to Articles of Incorporation – Reverse Stock Split
Effective December 11, 2015, we amended our Certificate of Incorporation to effect a 1 - for - 25 reverse split of our
outstanding common stock. The Reverse Stock Split was approved by our stockholders on December 11, 2015. The
accompanying financial statements and related notes give retroactive effect to this reverse stock split.
Preferred Stock
Under the Company’s amended articles of incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue of up to 5,000,000 shares
of preferred stock in such series and with such rights and preferences as may be approved by the board of directors. As of
December 31, 2015, there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Common Stock
On November 14, 2013, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Offering Agreement (“2013 ATM Agreement”),
with Ascendiant Capital Markets (“Ascendiant”) as its agent, and filed a prospectus supplement to its shelf registration
statement, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price
of up to $5.0 million from time to time.
On October 16, 2014, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Offering Agreement (the “2014 ATM Agreement”,
the “Agreement”) with Ascendiant under which it may offer and sell its common stock having aggregate sales proceeds of
up to $10.0 million from time to time through Ascendiant as its sales agent. Sales of Company common stock through
Ascendiant are made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the NYSE MKT or otherwise at market prices prevailing
at the time of sale, in block transactions, or as otherwise agreed upon by the Company and Ascendiant. Ascendiant uses
commercially reasonable efforts to sell Company common stock from time to time, based upon instructions from it (including
any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions it may impose). The Company pays Ascendiant a
commission of 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold through Ascendiant under the Agreement. The
Company has also provided Ascendiant with customary indemnification rights. In connection with the Agreement, the
Company terminated the At-The-Market Offering Agreement with Ascendiant dated November 13, 2013.
The Company is not obligated to make any sales of common stock under the Agreement. The offering of shares of the
Company’s common stock pursuant to the Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all common stock
subject to the Agreement, or (ii) termination of the Agreement in accordance with its terms.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company sold 1.3 million shares for gross proceeds of $1.2 million, or
approximately $1.1 million in net proceeds after deducting offering costs and commissions of $81 thousand. For the year
ended December 31, 2013, the Company sold 289,492 shares for gross proceeds of $378 thousand, or approximately $352
thousand in net proceeds after deducting offering costs and commissions of $26 thousand. Under the terms of the 2014 and
2013 ATM Agreement, the Company paid Ascendiant 3% of the gross proceeds of all sales made under these agreements.
On March 25, 2014, the Company closed a public offering for the sale of 224,000 units, each unit consisting of (i) one
share of common stock and (ii) one warrant to purchase 6.25 of a share of common stock (or a total of 56,000 shares), at a
purchase price of $30.00 per unit. The warrants were immediately exercisable for $39.00 per share and will expire eighteen
months from the date of issuance. All of the shares of common stock and warrants issued in the offering (and the shares of
common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants) were offered pursuant to a shelf registration statement filed with, and
declared effective by, the Securities and Exchange Commission. The shares of common stock and the warrants were
immediately separable and were issued separately, but were purchased together. The Company raised a total of $6.7 million
from this offering, or approximately $6.0 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting commissions of $470 thousand
and other offering costs of $211 thousand.
48
On March 6, 2015, the Company closed a private placement offering of an aggregate of 370,993 immediately separable
Units, which included 370,933 shares of the Company’s common stock, 278,200 Long-Term Warrants and 370,933 Short-
Term Warrants (the “March Offering”). The per Unit purchase price was $12.50 for outside investors and $15.00 for
Company insiders, and the exercise prices for the 15-month warrants and 5-year warrants were $0.60 and $0.65 per share,
respectively. Also on March 6, 2015, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with the purchasers, pursuant
to which the Company agreed to file as many registration statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
“SEC”) as may be necessary to cover the resale of the shares of Company common stock issued in the offering, including
those shares underlying the warrants, and to keep such registration statements effective for the terms defined therein. The
Company raised a total of $4.7 million from this offering, or approximately $4.5 million in net proceeds after deducting
offering costs of $200 thousand. The carrying amount of the warrant liability was $760 thousand as of December 31, 2015.
Subsequent remeasurements of the warrant liability will be recorded to gain or loss on revaluation of the warrant liability in
other income or expense.
On May 22, 2015, the Company closed a private placement offering of an aggregate of 435,746 shares of the Company’s
common stock and 217,873 warrants with a 12-month term (the “May Offering”). The purchase price for a share of Company
common stock and related warrant was $15.75, and the exercise price for the warrants was $19.50 per share. On May 18,
2015, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with the purchasers, pursuant to which the Company agreed
to use best efforts to file as many registration statements with the SEC as may be necessary to cover the resale of the shares
of Company common stock issued in the offering, including those shares underlying the warrants, and to keep such
registration statements effective for the terms defined therein. In connection with the May Offering, the Company agreed to
enter into an additional definitive securities purchase agreement with the purchasers in the March Offering. In exchange for
a waiver of certain pre-emptive rights granted to the purchasers in the March Offering, an additional 635,000 shares of
Company common stock were issued to such purchasers (other than entities affiliated with the Company). The Company
raised a total of $7.3 million from this offering, or approximately $6.4 million in net proceeds after deducting offering costs
of $900 thousand.
On October 27, 2015, pursuant to an underwriting agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, the Company closed a
public offering of (i) 492,000 shares of the Company’s common stock; and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 468,280 shares of
the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The shares of common stock and warrants were
issued separately. Each warrant was exercisable immediately upon issuance and will expire 60 months from the date of
issuance. The price to the public in this offering was $5.00 per share of common stock and related warrant. The Company
raised a total of $2.3 million from this offering, or approximately $1.9 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting
discounts and offering costs of $400 thousand.
Stock Warrants
At December 31, 2013, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 49,000 shares of common stock with an exercise
price of $68.75 per share expiring on August 21, 2014.
In July 2011, 139,520 warrants were issued in connection with our July 2011 registered direct financing. These warrants
were issued with an exercise price of $33.25 and were set to expire on July 5, 2016. These outstanding warrants were
exercisable at December 31, 2015. During 2012, 1,200 of these warrants were exercised and the company received $30,000
in cash for the warrants. See Note 8 for further details on these warrants.
In March 2015, the Company issued 278,200 Long-Term Warrants and 370,933 Short-Term Warrants, with exercise
prices of $16.25 and $15.00 per share, respectively. Both warrants were exercisable on or after September 6, 2015, six months
from the date of issuance. These outstanding warrants were exercisable at December 31, 2015. See Note 8 for further details
on these warrants.
In May 2015, the Company issued 217,873 warrants with a 12-month term and an exercise price of $19.50 per share. The
warrants became exercisable at any time on or after November 22, 2015, six months from the date of issuance, and will
continue to be exercisable for one year thereafter. These outstanding warrants were exercisable at December 31, 2015. See
Note 8 for further details on these warrants.
In October 2015, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 442,800 shares of the Company’s common stock with
an exercise price of $5.00 per share. Each warrant was exercisable immediately upon issuance and will expire 60 months
from the date of issuance. A price protection provision was included in such warrants, such that if the Company subsequently
sells or otherwise disposes of Company common stock at a lower price per share than $5.00 or any securities exchangeable
for common stock with a lower exercise price than $5.00, the exercise price of such warrants will be reduced to that lower
price. See Note 8 for further details on these warrants.
49
The following table summarizes information about the Company’s warrants outstanding at December 31, 2015, 2014
and 2013, and activity during the three years then ended.
Warrants
(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 ..........................................................................
Warrants granted ...............................................................................................
Warrants expired ...............................................................................................
Warrants exercised ............................................................................................
Outstanding at December 31, 2013 ..........................................................................
Warrants granted ...............................................................................................
Warrants expired ...............................................................................................
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 ..........................................................................
Warrants granted ...............................................................................................
Warrants expired ...............................................................................................
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 ..........................................................................
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
39.75
40.75
37.50
37.50
43.00
39.00
68.75
35.23
7.40
39.00
5.19
448 $
1 $
(185) $
(72) $
192 $
55 $
(50) $
197 $
1,317 $
(56) $
1,458 $
NOTE 11. EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION
Equity Compensation Plans
Prior to October 2007, the Company had two equity incentive plans in place: the 2002 Stock Option Plan and the 2005
Stock Option Plan. In October 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan) to provide for
the granting of stock awards, such as stock options, unrestricted and restricted common stock, stock units, dividend equivalent
rights, and stock appreciation rights to employees, directors and outside consultants, as determined by the board of directors.
In conjunction with the adoption of the 2007 Plan, no further option awards may be granted from the 2002 or 2005 Stock
Option Plans, and any option cancellations or expirations from the 2002 or 2005 Stock Option Plans may not be reissued. At
the inception of the 2007 Plan, 40,000 shares were reserved for issuance under the 2007 Plan.
For the years from 2009 to 2012, the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2007 Plan
increased annually in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 40,000 shares or (b) 4% of the number of shares of the Company’s
common stock outstanding on the last day of the preceding year or (c) such lesser number as determined by the board of
directors. Accordingly, an additional 40,000, 37,427, and 37,207 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under
the 2007 Plan in January 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Beginning in 2013, the shareholders voted to remove the 40,000
share cap and the 2007 Plan increases annually by 4% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding
on the last day of the preceding year. Accordingly, an additional 32,646 and 59,157 shares of common stock were authorized
for issuance under the 2007 Plan in January 2014 and 2013, respectively. On March 30th, 2015, the company filed a
registration statement to add an additional 82,461 shares to the 2007 Plan. As of December 31, 2015, there were 34,233
shares available for future grant under the 2007 Plan. In January 2016 we added 139,449 shares to the Plan, per our evergreen
provision.
Under the terms of the 2007 Plan, the exercise price of incentive stock options may not be less than 100% of the fair
value of the common stock on the date of grant and, if granted to an owner of more than 10% of the Company’s stock, then
not less than 110%. Stock options granted under the 2007 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant. Stock
options granted to employees generally vest over four years, while options granted to directors and consultants typically vest
over a shorter period, subject to continued service. All of the options granted prior to October 2007 include early exercise
provisions that allow for full exercise of the option prior to the option vesting, subject to certain repurchase provisions. The
Company issues new shares to satisfy option exercises under the plans.
50
Stock Based Compensation Summary
The following table summarizes information about the Company’s stock options and restricted stock units outstanding
at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and activity during the three years then ended:
(in thousands, except years
and per share data)
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 ......................................
Options granted .............................................................
Options exercised ..........................................................
Restricted stock units vested .........................................
Options forfeited/cancelled ...........................................
Outstanding at December 31, 2013 ......................................
Options granted .............................................................
Restricted stock units granted .......................................
Options exercised ..........................................................
Restricted stock units vested .........................................
Options forfeited/cancelled ...........................................
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 ......................................
Options granted .............................................................
Restricted stock units granted .......................................
Options exercised ..........................................................
Restricted stock units vested .........................................
Options forfeited/cancelled ...........................................
Restricted stock units cancelled ....................................
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 ......................................
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Options
249 $
71 $
(10) $
(10) $
(13) $
287
68 $
3 $
(2) $
(4) $
(29) $
323
85 $
16 $
- $
(6) $
(28) $
(2) $
388 $
40.50
34.75
11.00
—
42.50
22.50
—
14.00
—
36.50
11.20
—
—
—
30.58
—
32.03
6.2 $
19
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2015 .............
379 $
32.35
6.1 $
19
Vested at December 31, 2015 ..............................................
294 $
37.63
5.2 $
Exercisable at December 31, 2015 .......................................
294 $
37.63
5.2 $
2
2
For options that have a quoted market price in excess of the exercise price (“in-the-money options”), the aggregate
intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing
market price of the Company’s common stock as quoted on the NYSE MKT as of December 31, 2015. The Company received
no cash payments for the exercise of stock options during the year ended December 31, 2015. The Company received $34
thousand and $114 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value
of stock option awards exercised was $4 thousand, $32 thousand, and $261 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2015,
2014 and 2013, respectively, as determined at the date of option exercise.
As of December 31, 2015, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and restricted stock
units was $956 thousand. This amount is expected to be recognized as stock-based compensation expense in the Company’s
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 2.17
years.
Stock Option Awards to Employees and Directors
The Company grants options to purchase common stock to its employees and directors at prices equal to or greater than
the market value of the stock on the dates the options are granted. The Company has estimated the value of stock option
awards as of the date of grant by applying the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model using the single-option valuation
approach. The application of this valuation model involves assumptions that are judgmental and subjective in nature. See
Note 2 for a description of the accounting policies that the Company applies to value its stock-based awards.
51
During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company granted options to employees and directors
to purchase an aggregate of 59,000, 52,000 and 64,000 shares of common stock, respectively.
The weighted average assumptions used in determining the value of options granted and a summary of the methodology
applied to develop each assumption are as follows:
Assumption
Expected price volatility ........................................................
Expected term (in years) .......................................................
Risk-free interest rate ............................................................
Dividend yield .......................................................................
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
77.22 %
6.8
1.76 %
0.00 %
76.88 %
6.5
2.06 %
0.00 %
80.15%
5.1
1.13%
0.00%
period .................................................................................. $
7.35 $
15.25 $
23.00
Expected Price Volatility—This is a measure of the amount by which the stock price has fluctuated or is expected to
fluctuate. The computation of expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of our own stock and comparable
companies from a representative peer group selected based on industry and market capitalization data.
Expected Term—This is the period of time over which the options granted are expected to remain outstanding. The
expected life assumption is based on the Company’s historical data.
Risk-Free Interest Rate—This is the U.S. Treasury rate for the week of the grant having a term approximating the
expected life of the option.
Dividend Yield—We have not made any dividend payments nor do we have plans to pay dividends in the foreseeable
future.
Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and reduce compensation expense ratably over the vesting period. This
estimate is adjusted periodically based on the extent to which actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from the
previous estimate.
Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company issued 16,000 and 2,000 shares of
common stock to employees, respectively. The Company did not issue any shares of common stock to its employees during
the year ended 2013.
For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recognized stock-based compensation expense of $1,193
thousand, $853 thousand and $921 thousand, respectively, for option awards to employees and directors.
Stock-Based Awards to Non-Employees
During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of
27,000, 14,000, and 7,000 shares of common stock, respectively, to non-employees in exchange for advisory and consulting
services. The stock options are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date and recognized over the respective service
or vesting period. The fair value of the stock options granted was calculated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing
model based upon the following assumptions:
Assumption
Expected price volatility ........................................................
Expected term (in years) .......................................................
Risk-free interest rate ............................................................
Dividend yield .......................................................................
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
83.77 %
9.6
2.18 %
0.00 %
79.10 %
8.6
2.28 %
0.00 %
78.89%
8.5
2.75%
0.00%
period .................................................................................. $
7.15 $
15.25 $
23.75
In addition, the Company granted restricted stock to non-employees totaling 500, 600 and 2,000 shares of common stock
in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, in exchange for advisory and consulting services.
52
For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense
of $188 thousand, $189 thousand and $97 thousand, respectively, related to non-employee options and restricted stock grants.
Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense
A summary of the stock-based compensation expense included in results of operations for the option and stock awards
discussed above is as follows:
(in thousands)
Research and development ......................................... $
General and administrative .........................................
Total stock-based compensation expense ................... $
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
449 $
933
1,382 $
376 $
666
1,042 $
381
637
1,018
Since the Company has operating losses and net operating loss carryforwards, there are no tax benefits associated with
stock-based compensation expense.
NOTE 12. LICENSE, COLLABORATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
Galderma
On March 25, 2009, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Galderma S.A. to develop
and commercialize the Company’s Aganocide compounds, which covers acne, impetigo and potentially other major
dermatological conditions. The Company amended this agreement in December 2009 and again in December 2010. Based
on the Impetigo Phase 2a clinical trial results, in December 2010, Galderma S.A. exercised the option to continue with the
development of an impetigo treatment and initiated a Phase 2b study. In November 2013, the Company announced that the
auriclosene Phase 2b clinical study regarding the treatment of impetigo had been completed. While the study showed that
auriclosene is safe and well tolerated, it did not meet its primary clinical endpoint. Knowledge gained from two previous
impetigo studies is expected to lead to both improvements in the clinical study protocol and an optimized auriclosene
formulation if the program moves forward.
Galderma paid NovaBay certain upfront fees, ongoing fees, reimbursements, and milestone payments related to
achieving development and commercialization of its Aganocide compounds. If products are commercialized under the
agreement, NovaBay’s royalties will escalate as sales increase. The Company received a $1.0 million upfront technology
access fee payment in the first quarter of 2009 and a $3.25 million continuation fee and a $500,000 fee to expand the license
to include the Asia-Pacific Territory in December 2010. These fees were recorded as deferred revenues and recognized as
earned on a straight-line basis over the Company’s expected performance period. The initial upfront technology access fee
was recognized over the initial 20 month funding term of the agreement through October 2010, and the continuation and
license fees were recognized over the additional three year funding term of the agreement through November 2013.
Revenue has been recognized under the Galderma agreement as follows:
(in thousands)
Amortization of upfront technology access fee, continuation
fee and license fee ................................................................ $
On-going Research and Development ....................................
Materials, Equipment, and Contract Study Costs ...................
$
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
-- $
—
—
-- $
1 $
—
—
1 $
945
1,228
393
2,566
The Company had deferred revenue balances of $0, $0 and $1 thousand, respectively, at December 31, 2015, 2014 and
2013, related to the Galderma agreement, which consisted of the unamortized balances on the upfront technology and access
fee and the continuation and license fee and support for ongoing research and development. As of December 31, 2015, the
Company has earned $4.25 million in milestone payments. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company has not
earned or received any royalty payments under the Galderma agreement.
53
Virbac
In April 2012, the Company entered into a feasibility and option agreement with Virbac, a global animal health company,
for the development and potential commercialization of Aganocides for a number of veterinary uses for companion animals.
Under the terms of the agreement, NovaBay received an upfront payment and is entitled to additional support for research
and development. The Company will conduct veterinary studies using NovaBay’s Aganocide compounds to assess feasibility
for treating several veterinary indications.
In April 2013, the option was exercised and the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Virbac.
Under this new agreement, Virbac acquired exclusive worldwide rights to develop the Company’s proprietary compound,
auriclosene (NVC-422), for global veterinary markets for companion animals. The Company received an option exercise fee
and may receive future development and pre-commercial milestone payments as a result of the collaboration. The Company
also expects to receive royalties on the sale of any commercial products in the companion animal field. Virbac’s option
exercise follows its extensive testing of auriclosene for veterinary uses during the 12-month option period. The Company is
recognizing the option exercise fee over its expected performance period of 10 years based on actual sales during this period.
Revenue has been recognized under the agreement as follows:
(in thousands)
Amortization of upfront technology access fee, continuation
fee and license fee ................................................................ $
On-going Research and Development ....................................
Materials, Equipment, and Contract Study Costs ...................
$
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
— $
—
—
— $
— $
—
38
38 $
42
87
8
137
The Company had deferred revenue balances of $246 thousand, $246 thousand and $246 thousand, respectively, at
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, related to this agreement, which consisted of the unamortized balances on the upfront
technology and access fee and the support for ongoing research and development.
NeutroPhase Distribution Agreements
In January 2012, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with Pioneer Pharma Co., Ltd. (“Pioneer”), a
Shanghai-based company that markets high-end pharmaceutical products into China, for the commercialization of
NeutroPhase in this territory. Under the terms of the agreement, NovaBay received an upfront payment of $312,500. NovaBay
also received $312,500 in January 2013, related to the submission of the first marketing approval for the product to the CFDA
(formerly the SFDA, State Food and Drug Administration), which was submitted in December 2012. The distribution
agreement provides that Pioneer is entitled to receive cumulative purchase discounts of up to $500,000 upon the purchase of
NeutroPhase product. The deferred revenue will be recognized as the purchase discounts are earned, with the remaining
deferred revenue recognized ratably over the product distribution period. During the year ended December 31, 2014,
NovaBay received $625,000 upon receipt of a marketing approval of the product from the CFDA.
In September 2012, the Company entered into two agreements with Pioneer: (1) an international distribution agreement
(“Distribution Agreement”) and (2) a unit purchase agreement (“Purchase Agreement”). These agreements were combined
and accounted for as one arrangement with one unit of accounting for revenue recognition purposes.
Pursuant to the terms of the Distribution Agreement, Pioneer has the right to distribute NeutroPhase, upon a marketing
approval from a Regulatory Authority, in certain territories in Asia (other than China). Upon execution of the Distribution
Agreement, we received an upfront payment, which was recorded as deferred revenue. Pioneer is also obligated to make
certain additional payments to us upon receipt of the marketing approval. The Distribution Agreement further provides that
Pioneer is entitled to a cumulative purchase discount not to exceed $500,000 upon the purchase of NeutroPhase product,
payable in NovaBay unregistered restricted common stock.
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we also received $2.5 million from Pioneer for the purchase of restricted units
(comprising one share of common stock and a warrant for the purchase of one share of common stock). The unit purchase
was completed in two tranches: (1) 800,000 units in September 2012; and (2) 1,200,000 units in October 2012, with both
tranches at a purchase price of $1.25 per unit. The fair value of the total units sold was $3.5 million, based upon the trading
price of our common stock on the dates the units were purchased and the fair value of the warrants based on the Black-
Scholes Merton option pricing model. Because the aggregate fair value of the units on the dates of purchase exceeded the
54
$2.5 million in proceeds received from the unit purchase by approximately $1 million, we reallocated $600,000 from deferred
revenue to stockholders’ equity as consideration for the purchase of the units.
In December 2013, the Company announced it had expanded its NeutroPhase commercial partnership agreement with
Pioneer. The expanded agreement includes licensing rights to two new products, Avenova and CelleRx, which were
developed internally by NovaBay. The expanded partnership agreement covers the commercialization and distribution of
these products in China and 11 countries in Southeast Asia.
Revenue has been recognized under these agreements as follows:
(in thousands)
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
Amortization of upfront technology access fee ...................... $
On-going Research and Development ....................................
$
26 $
--
26 $
63 $
55
118 $
62
148
210
The Company had deferred revenue balances of $2.1 million, $2.2 million, and $1.6 million, respectively, at December
31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, related to these agreements, which consisted of the unamortized balances on the upfront technology
and access fee and the support for ongoing research and development.
Avenova Distribution Agreements
In November 2014, the Company signed a nationwide distribution agreement for its Avenova product with McKesson
Corporation (“McKesson”). The agreement is part of the Company’s commercialization strategy. McKesson makes Avenova
widely available in local pharmacies and major retail chains across the U.S., such as Wal-Mart, Costco, CVS and Target.
During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company earned $4,000 in sales revenue related to the distribution agreement
with McKesson.
In January 2015, the Company signed a nationwide distribution agreement with Cardinal Health. In April 2015, the
Company signed a nationwide distribution agreement with AmerisourceBergen to market Avenova.
NOTE 13. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
We have a 401(k) plan covering all eligible employees. We are not required to contribute to the plan and have made no
contributions through December 31, 2015.
NOTE 14. INCOME TAXES
The federal and state income tax provision is summarized as follows (in thousands):
(in thousands)
Current
Federal ................................................................ $
State ....................................................................
Other ...................................................................
Total current tax expense ...........................................
Deferred
Federal ................................................................
State ....................................................................
Other ...................................................................
Total deferred tax expense .........................................
Income tax provision .................................................. $
2015
Year Ending December 31
2014
2013
— $
1.6
—
1.6
—
—
—
—
1.6 $
— $
1.6
—
1.6
—
—
—
—
1.6 $
—
1.6
—
1.6
—
—
—
—
1.6
55
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of (a) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and (b) operating losses and tax
credit carryforwards.
The tax effects of significant items comprising the Company's deferred taxes as of December 31 are as follows:
(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
December 31
2015
2014
Net operating losses ...................................................................................... $
Accruals ........................................................................................................
Deferred revenue ..........................................................................................
Stock options ................................................................................................
Other deferred tax assets ..............................................................................
Total deferred tax assets .............................................................
31,464 $
403
954
1,558
652
35,031
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment ................................................................................
Total deferred tax liabilities ........................................................
(28)
(28)
Valuation allowance .........................................................................................
Net deferred taxes ............................................................................................ $
(35,003)
— $
24,213
246
717
1,329
464
26,969
(67)
(67)
(26,902)
—
The Company records the tax benefit of net operating loss carryforwards and temporary differences as an asset to the
extent that management assesses that realization is "more likely than not." Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent
on the Company's ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the Company's
recent history of operating losses, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets is currently not likely to
be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance.
The valuation allowance increased by the following amounts (in thousands):
2015
2014
2013
$
8,101 $
6,286 $
6,096
In accordance with ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation, the Company has excluded from deferred tax assets
benefits attributable to employee stock option exercises. Therefore, these amounts are not included in gross or net deferred
tax assets. As of December 31, 2015, approximately $1.1 million of federal and $0.8 million of state net operating loss is
attributable to stock-based compensation deductions in excess of book expense. The benefit of the tax deduction related to
these options will be credited to stockholders' equity when they reduce cash taxes payable.
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2015, are as follows (in thousands):
Net operating losses, federal .............................................................. $
Net operating losses, state .................................................................. $
Tax credits, federal ............................................................................. $
Tax credits, state ................................................................................ $
Amount
80,622
77,141
1,274
256
Expiration
Years
2024 - 2035
2016 - 2035
2031 - 2034
do not expire
Under U.S. federal tax law, the amount and availability of tax benefits are subject to a variety of interpretations and
restrictive tests. Utilization of the net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation
due to ownership changes that have occurred previously or that could occur in the future, as provided by Section 382 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and similar state provisions. Ownership changes may limit the amount of NOL carryforwards
that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an ownership change, as defined
by Section 382, results from transactions increasing the ownership of certain shareholders or public groups in the stock of a
corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. Since the Company’s formation, the Company has
raised capital through the issuance of capital stock on two occasions which, combined with the purchasing shareholders’
subsequent disposition of those shares, may have resulted in one or more changes of control, as defined by Section 382. The
56
Company has not currently completed a study to assess whether any change of control has occurred, or whether there have
been multiple changes of control since the Company’s formation, due to the significant complexity and cost associated with
the study. If the Company has experienced a change of control at any time since its formation, its NOL carryforwards and
tax credits may not be available, or their utilization could be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382. A full valuation
allowance has been provided against the Company’s NOL carryforwards, and if an adjustment is required, this adjustment
would be offset by an adjustment to the valuation allowance. Accordingly, there would be no impact on the consolidated
balance sheet or statement of operations if an adjustment is required.
The effective tax rate of the Company's provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as
follows:
(in thousands)
2015
Year Ending December 31
2014
2013
Income tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate ... $
State tax ............................................................................
ISO-related expense for GAAP ........................................
Change in valuation allowance ........................................
Revaluation of warrant liability .......................................
Tax credits ........................................................................
Other ................................................................................
Total ................................................................................. $
(6,439 ) $
(1,060 )
164
8,101
(731 )
(123 )
90
2 $
(5,154) $
(818)
144
6,286
(565)
(44)
153
2 $
(5,425 )
(836 )
178
6,095
189
(285 )
86
2
Uncertain Income Tax Positions
The Company adopted the provisions of ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, on January 1, 2007.
There was no impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows as a result of adoption. A
reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31,
2015 and 2014 is as follows:
(in thousands)
Unrecognized benefit - beginning of period .................................................... $
Gross increases - current period tax positions ..................................................
Unrecognized benefit - end of period ............................................................... $
Year ended December 31,
2014
2015
881 $
76
957 $
866
15
881
Our policy will be to recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of income tax expense. We
are subject to income tax examinations for U.S. incomes taxes and state income taxes from 2004 forward. We do not anticipate
that total unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change in the next 12 months.
Net Operating Losses and Tax Credit Carryforwards
As of December 31, 2015, we had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of $80.6
million and $77.1 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will begin
expiring at various dates between 2016 and 2035. As of December 31, 2015, we also had tax credit carryforwards for federal
income tax purposes of $1,274,000 and $256,000 for state tax purposes. If not utilized, the federal tax credits will begin
expiring in 2031. The state tax credits have an indefinite carryover period.
Current federal and California tax laws include substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss
carryforwards in the event of an ownership change of a corporation. Accordingly, our ability to utilize net operating loss
carryforwards may be limited as a result of such ownership changes. Such a limitation could result in the expiration of
carryforwards before they are utilized.
57
NOTE 15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In December 2015 and January 2016, we entered into a series of agreements pursuant to a loan (the “Loan”) facilitated
by China Kington Asset Management Co. Ltd. (“China Kington”). In connection with the Loan, we issued five (5) promissory
notes (the “Notes”) payable to Mr. Mark Sieczkarek, the Gail J. Maderis Revocable Trust, Dr. T. Alex McPherson, Mr. Jian
Ping Fu, and Pioneer Pharma (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (“Pioneer Pharma”) (collectively, the “Lenders”), loaning us an aggregate
of $3,020,000. Specifically, Mr. Sieczkarek, Chairman of the Board and Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of the
Company, loaned us $199,000; the Gail J. Maderis Revocable Trust, on behalf of Ms. Maderis, a Director of the Company,
loaned us $71,000; Dr. McPherson, a Director of the Company, loaned us $20,000; Pioneer Pharma loaned us $1,365,000;
and Mr. Fu loaned us $1,365,000. All Notes were issued on December 30, 2015 except the Note payable to Mr. Fu, which
was issued on January 12, 2016 upon receipt of all funds. The loan has a three-year term with no pre-payment penalty.
In February 2016, we entered into three securities purchase agreements (the “Purchase Agreements”) for the sale of an
aggregate of 1,518,567 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”) to accredited investors for a total of
$2,831,000. We entered into the first purchase agreement with Mr. Jian Ping Fu (the “Fu Agreement”), pursuant to which the
Company agreed to issue and sell to Mr. Fu 696,590 shares of Common Stock, at a per share price of $1.81, which was a five
percent (5%) discount to the closing price of the Common Stock on February 16, 2016, the date of the Fu Agreement. We
entered into the second purchase agreement with Pioneer Pharma (the “Pioneer Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed
to issue and sell to Pioneer, Pharma 696,590 shares of Common Stock, at a per share price of $1.91, which was the closing
price of the Common Stock on February 16, 2016 with no discount. We entered into a third purchase agreement with Mark
M. Sieczkarek (the “Sieczkarek Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to Mr. Sieczkarek
125,387 shares of Common Stock, at a per share price of $1.91, which was the closing price of the Common Stock on
February 16, 2016 with no discount. The Common Stock issued by the Company pursuant to the Purchase Agreements has
not been registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an
applicable exemption from registration requirements.
58
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of
our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer
concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure, at the reasonable assurance level, that
information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and were effective in ensuring that
information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that
the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource
constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Assessing the costs and benefits of such
controls and procedures necessarily involves the exercise of judgment by management. Because of the inherent limitations
in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud,
if any, have been detected. Our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls
and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as
such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our
management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. Our management utilized the criteria
set forth in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission to conduct an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2015. Our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, our internal control over financial
reporting was effective based on these criteria.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the fourth quarter of 2015, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting which has
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
59
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item will be included in our Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders (the “2016 Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item will be included in the 2016 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item will be included in the 2016 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item will be included in the 2016 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item will be included in the 2016 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Documents filed as part of this report:
PART IV
(1) Financial Statements. The financial statements listed in the Index for Item 8 hereof are filed as part of this
report.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules. All schedules have been omitted because they are not required or the
required information is included in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits. See the Exhibit Index which follows the signature page of this report, which is incorporated herein
by reference.
60
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
caused this report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 3, 2016
By:
/s/ Mark M. Sieczkarek
Director and Interim Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers and directors of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., do hereby constitute and appoint Mark M.
Sieczkarek and Thomas J. Paulson, and each of them, our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power
of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all
amendments to this report, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully
to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby, ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-
in-fact and agents, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report on Form 10-K has been signed below
by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature
Title
/s/ MARK M. SIECZKAREK
Mark M. Sieczkarek
Chairman of the Board and Interim Chief
Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
/s/ THOMAS PAULSON
Thomas J. Paulson
/s/ PAUL FREIMAN
Paul E. Freiman
/s/ ALEX MCPHERSON
Alex McPherson, MD, Ph.D
/s/ GAIL MADERIS
Gail Maderis
/s/ MASSIMO RADAELLI
Massimo Radaelli, Ph.D
/s/ LI XINZHOU
LI Xinzhou
/s/ WU MIJIA
WU Mijia
/s/ LIU XIAOYAN
LIU Xiaoyan
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal
financial and accounting officer)
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
61
Date
March 3, 2016
March 3, 2016
March 3, 2016
March 3, 2016
March 3, 2016
March 3, 2016
March 3, 2016
March 3, 2016
March 3, 2016
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
Exhibit Description
Agreement and Plan of Merger of NovaBay
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (a California
corporation) and NovaBay Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. (a Delaware Corporation)
Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals,
Inc.
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Bylaws
Form of Warrant issued in August 2009
offering.
Form of Warrant issued in July 2011 offering
Form of Warrant issued in December 2012
offering
Form of Warrant issued in March 2014
offering
Form of Warrant issued in March 2015
Offering (issued with 15-month term)
Form of Warrant issued in March 2015
Offering (issued with 5-year term)
Form of Warrant issued in May 2015 offering
Form of Warrant issued in October 2015
offering
Registration Rights Agreement (between the
Company, Pioneer Pharma (Singapore) Pte.
Ltd., and Anson Investments Master Fund LP,
et al.)
Registration Rights Agreement (between the
Company, China Kington Investment Co.
Ltd. and Dr. Dean Rider)
Promissory Note payable to Mark Sieczkarek
Promissory Note payable to The Gail J.
Maderis Revocable Trust
Promissory Note payable to T. Alex
McPherson
Promissory Note payable to Pioneer Pharma
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
Promissory Note payable to Jian Ping Fu
Incorporation by Reference
Form
S-3
File Number
333-159917
Exhibit/
Form 8-K Item
Reference
2.1
Filed
Herewith
Filing Date
7/1/2010
8-K
001-33678
8-K
001-33678
8-K
001-33678
8-K
001-33678
8-K
8-K
8-K
8-K
8-K
8-K
8-K
10-Q
8-K
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.7
4.1
6/29/2010
6/04/2014
10/02/2015
12/21/2015
6/29/2010
8/21/2009
10/27/2015
12/6/2012
3/20/2014
10/27/2015
10/27/2015
8/13/2015
10/27/2015
8-K
001-33678
10.2
3/9/2015
10-Q
001-33678
4.9
8/13/2015
8-K
8-K
8-K
8-K
8-K
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.1
1/06/2016
1/06/2016
1/06/2016
1/06/2016
1/14/2016
62
Exhibit
Number
4.16
4.17
10.1+
Exhibit Description
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement (among China Kington Asset
Management Co. Ltd. and the lenders named
therein)
Security Agreement (between the Company
and China Kington Asset Management Co.
Ltd.)
Indemnity Agreement (Form of Indemnity
Agreement between the Company and its
Directors and Officers)
10.2+ NovaCal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2002 Stock
Option Plan
10.3+ NovaCal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2005 Stock
Option Plan
10.4+ NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2007
Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended and
restated)
10.5+ NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2007
Omnibus Incentive Plan (Form Agreements
to the 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan)
Long Term Strategic Bonus for Executives
10.6+ Executive Officer Cash Bonus Structure
10.7
10.8+ Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan
10.9+
2013 Bonuses for Named Executive Officers
10.10+ 2014 Bonuses for Named Executive Officers
10.11+ Separation Agreement (by and between the
Company and Ramin “Ron” Najafi)
10.12+ Executive Employment Agreement
(Employment Agreement of Mark M.
Sieczkarek)
Incorporation by Reference
Form
8-K
File Number
001-33678
Exhibit/
Form 8-K Item
Reference
10.5
Filed
Herewith
Filing Date
1/06/2016
8-K
001-33678
10.6
1/06/2016
10-Q
001-33678
10.1
8/12/2010
S-1,
as amended
S-1,
as amended
10-Q
333-140714
333-140714
001-33678
10.1
10.2
10.1
3/30/2007
3/30/2007
8/09/2012
S-1,
as amended
333-140714
10.3
5/29/2007
10-K
8-K
10-K
8-K
8-K
8-K
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
001-33678
10.4
Item 5.02
10.10
Item 5.02
Item 5.02
10.1
3/27/2012
4/24/2013
3/06/2014
4/18/2014
3/24/2015
11/19/2015
8-K
001-33678
10.1
1/5/2016
10.13+ Executive Employment Agreement
8-K
001-33678
10.2
1/5/2016
(Employment Agreement of Thomas J.
Paulson)
10.14+ Executive Employment Agreement
8-K
001-33678
10.3
1/5/2016
(Employment Agreement of Justin M. Hall)
10.15 Office Lease between Emery Station
10.16
10.17
10.18
Associates II, LLC (Landlord) and NovaCal
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Tenant), Emerystation
North
Fifth Amendment to Lease between Emery
Station Office II, LLC (Landlord) and
NovaCal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Tenant),
Emerystation North Project
Sixth Amendment to Lease between Emery
Station Office II, LLC (Landlord) and
NovaCal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Tenant),
Emerystation North Project
Seventh Amendment to Lease between
Emery Station Office II, LLC (Landlord) and
NovaCal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Tenant),
Emerystation North Project
10.19 Eighth Amendment to Lease between Emery
Station Office II, LLC (Landlord) and
NovaCal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Tenant),
Emerystation North Project
S-1,
as amended
333-140714
10.10
3/30/2007
10-K
001-33678
10.20
3/14/2008
10-Q,
as amended
001-33678
10.1
11/14/2008
10-Q
001-33678
10.2
8/09/2012
X
63
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
10.20 Master Security Agreement (between the
Company and General Electric Capital
Corporation)
10.21† Collaboration and License Agreement by and
between NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and
Galderma S.A.
Form
S-1,
as amended
10-Q,
as amended
Incorporation by Reference
File Number
333-140714
Exhibit/
Form 8-K Item
Reference
10.14
Filed
Herewith
Filing Date
5/29/2007
001-33678
10.2
8/04/2009
10.22† Amendment No. 1 to the Collaboration and
10-K
001-33678
License Agreement
10.23† Amendment No. 2 to the Collaboration and
10-K
001-33678
10.18
10.24
10.18
3/30/2010
3/10/2011
3/27/2012
10-K
001-33678
10.24†
10.25†
10.26
10.27
License Agreement
International Distribution Agreement (by and
between the Company and Pioneer Pharma
Co. Ltd.)
International Distribution Agreement (by and
between the Company and Naqu Area
Pioneer Co. Ltd.)
First Amendment to International Distribution
Agreement (by and between the Company
and Naqu Area Pioneer Co. Ltd.).
Second Amendment to International
Distribution Agreement (by and between the
Company and Naqu Area Pioneer Co. Ltd).
10.28 Assignment and Assumption Agreement
(Assignment of International Distribution
Agreement (Pioneer Pharma) to Naqu Area
Pioneer Co. Ltd.)
10-Q
001-33678
10.1
11/01/2012
10-Q
001-33678
10.2
5/01/2014
10-Q
001-33678
10.3
5/01/2014
10-K
001-33678
10.28
3/26/2015
10.29 Agreement (Amendments to International
10-K
001-33678
10.29
3/26/2015
Distribution Agreements by and between the
Company and Naqu Area Pioneer Co. Ltd.)
10.30 NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Unit Purchase
10-Q
001-33678
10.2
11/1/2012
Agreement (by and between the Company
and Pioneer Pharma (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.)
10.31 NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Warrant
10-Q
001-33678
10.1
8/01/2013
Amendment Agreement (by and between the
Company and Pioneer Pharma (Singapore)
Pte. Ltd.)
10.32 NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Common
Stock Purchase Agreement (between the
Company and Pioneer Pharma (Singapore)
Pte. Ltd.)
10.34
10.33 At-the-Market Offering Agreement (between
the Company and Ascendiant Capital
Markets, LLC)
Securities Purchase Agreement (between the
Company, Pioneer Pharma (Singapore) Pte.
Ltd., and Anson Investments Master Fund LP,
et al.)
Securities Purchase Agreement (between the
Company, China Kington Investment Co.
Ltd. and Dr. Dean Rider)
10.35
10-K
001-33678
10.29
3/06/2014
8-K
001-33678
1.1
10/17/2014
8-K
001-33678
10.1
03/09/2015
10-Q
001-33678
10.1
8/13/2015
64
Exhibit
Number
10.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
23.1
24.1
31.1
31.2
Exhibit Description
Stock Purchase Agreement (between the
Company and the purchasers pursuant to the
March 3, 2015 Securities Purchase
Agreement)
Securities Purchase Agreement (between the
Company and Jian Ping Fu)
Securities Purchase Agreement (between the
Company and Pioneer Pharma (Singapore)
Pte. Ltd.)
Securities Purchase Agreement (between the
Company and Mark M. Sieczkarek)
Consent of OUM & Co. LLP
Power of Attorney (contained on signature
page)
Certification of the Principal Executive
Officer of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as
required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)
Certification of the Principal Financial
Officer of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as
required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)
32.1‡ Certification by the Chief Executive Officer
of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as
required by Rule 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) and
Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the
United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350)
32.2‡ Certification by the Chief Financial Officer of
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as required
by Rule 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) and Section
1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United
States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350)
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
Linkbase
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase
Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
Linkbase Document
Incorporation by Reference
Form
10-Q
File Number
001-33678
Exhibit/
Form 8-K Item
Reference
10.2
Filed
Herewith
Filing Date
8/13/2015
8-K
8-K
001-33678
001-33678
10.1
10.2
2/17/2016
2/17/2016
8-K
001-33678
10.3
2/17/2016
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
+
† NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has been granted confidential treatment with respect to certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by
asterisks), which have been separately filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
65