Novavax
Annual Report 2008

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549Form 10-Kþþ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGEACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008ORoo TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIESEXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to .Commission File No. 0-26770NOVAVAX, INC.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Delaware(State of incorporation) 22-2816046(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.) 9920 Belward Campus Drive, Rockville, Maryland (Address of principal executive offices) 20850Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:(240) 268-2000Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange on Which RegisteredCommon Stock, Par Value $0.01 per share The NASDAQ Stock Market LLCSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Not ApplicableIndicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þIndicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þIndicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities ExchangeAct of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subjectto such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No oIndicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not becontained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of thisForm 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. oIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reportingcompany. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.(Check one):Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer þ Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þThe aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (based on the last reportedsale price of Registrants common stock on June 30, 2008 on the NASDAQ Global Market) was $108,995,283.As of March 23, 2009, there were 68,855,091 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed no later than 120 days after the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 inconnection with the Registrant’s 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. Table of Contents PagePART I Item 1. BUSINESS 1 Item 2. PROPERTIES 30 Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 30 Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS 30 PART II Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 31 Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 34 Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OFOPERATIONS 34 Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 52 Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 53 Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIALDISCLOSURE 53 Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 53 Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION 56 PART III Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 56 Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 56 Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATEDSTOCKHOLDER MATTERS 56 Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 56 Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES 56 PART IV Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 57 When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, except where the context otherwise requires, the terms “we”, “us”, “our”,“Novavax” and “the Company” refer to Novavax, Inc.i PART IItem 1. BUSINESSThis Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities LitigationReform Act that involve risks and uncertainties. In some cases, forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “believe,”“anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “may” and similar expressions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-lookingstatements, which speak only as of the date of this report. All of these forward-looking statements are based on information available tous at this time, and we assume no obligation to update any of these statements. Actual results could differ from those projected in theseforward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those identified in the section titled “Risk Factors,” “Management’sDiscussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere. We urge you to review and consider thevarious disclosures made by us in this report, and those detailed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and ExchangeCommission, that attempt to advise you of the risks and factors that may affect our future results.OverviewNovavax, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Novavax” or the “Company”) was incorporated in 1987, and is a clinical-stagebiopharmaceutical company focused on creating differentiated, value-added vaccines that improve upon current preventive options for arange of infectious diseases. These vaccines leverage our virus-like particle (“VLP”) platform technology coupled with a unique,disposable production technology. In 2005, Novavax transitioned from a specialty pharmaceutical company that sold and marketedwomen’s health products to an innovative, biopharmaceutical company focused on vaccines. The Company is now firmly focused on itsVLP vaccine technology platform.VLPs are genetically engineered three-dimensional nanostructures, which incorporate immunologically important lipids andrecombinant proteins. Our VLPs resemble the virus but lack the genetic material to replicate the virus. Our proprietary productiontechnology uses insect cells rather than chicken eggs or mammalian cells. Our current product targets include vaccines against the H5N1and other subtypes of avian influenza with pandemic potential, human seasonal influenza, Varicella Zoster, which causes shingles, andRespiratory Syncytial Virus (“RSV”). This RSV vaccine was recently announced on October 30, 2008.We made significant progress in 2008 and 2007 in the development of our vaccine that targets the H5N1 avian influenza withpandemic potential. In June 2007, we released results from an important preclinical study in which ferrets that received Novavax’spandemic vaccine were protected from a lethal challenge of the H5N1 virus. After filing an Investigational New Drug application (IND),Novavax initiated its Phase I/IIa human clinical trial in July 2007. We released interim human data from the first portion of this clinicaltrial in December 2007. These interim results demonstrated that Novavax’s pandemic influenza vaccine can generate a protectiveimmune response. We conducted the second portion of the Phase I/IIa trial in March 2008 to gather additional subject immunogenicityand safety data and determine a final dose through the completion of this clinical trial. In August 2008, we reported favorable resultsfrom this clinical trial, which demonstrated strong neutralizing antibody titers across all three doses tested. Although the safety data isstill blinded at the subject level (pending complete safety follow-up), there were no serious adverse events reported. In February 2009,we announced that the vaccine induced robust hemagglutination inhibition (“HAT”) responses, which have been shown to be importantfor protection against influenza disease. We only intend to initiate further human clinical trials for our pandemic influenza vaccine,which would be required for regulatory approval, with a collaborative partner.We progressed development of our VLP trivalent vaccine that targets seasonal influenza virus in 2007 and 2008. In December2007, we announced results from a preclinical study in mice. In April 2008, we announced that we received positive results from animmunogenicity study in ferrets inoculated with our trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine candidate. In September 2008, we beganPhase II clinical trials to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different doses of our seasonal influenza vaccine. In November 2008,we announced a delay of our seasonal influenza dose ranging study in the elderly (>65 years of age) from fourth quarter of 2008 to 2009,pending top line safety and immunogenicity results from our ongoing seasonal influenza study in healthy adults. We1 had observed a slightly different safety profile (non-serious adverse events) from our Phase IIa trial of our pandemic VLP vaccine, anddecided to review and analyze the dose response curve as well as the safety data from the healthy adult seasonal trial prior tocommencing a study in the elderly. In December 2008, we announced favorable safety and immunogenicity results from our Phase IIaseasonal study in healthy adults. Further seasonal studies are planned in 2009 including the aforementioned study in elderly adults inthe second half of 2009. We intend to seek a collaborative partner for our seasonal influenza vaccine upon completion of additionalPhase II clinical studies, which are expected to be completed by the end of 2009.We have also developed vaccine candidates for both RSV and VZV, both of which are currently being evaluated in preclinicalstudies. To date, preliminary data have shown that an RSV vaccine candidate has shown positive results in two separate studies withmice. In December 2008, Novavax and the University of Massachusetts jointly announced favorable results from a preclinical study toevaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of an RSV vaccine candidate in mice. The RSV VLP vaccine induced strong antibodyresponses against RSV. We have licensed exclusive worldwide rights from the University of Massachusetts Medical School to certaintechnology for the development and commercialization of vaccines. In February 2009, we announced favorable results from an RSVpreclinical study performed in mice against the viral fusion (F) protein, which fuses with cells in the respiratory tract and causes illness.The vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies against the viral fusion protein and also protected against RSV infection, reducing thequantity of RSV virus found in the lungs of immunized mice after a challenge with live virus. A VZV vaccine candidate has also inducedantibody and T-cell responses. We plan on moving forward with further preclinical development of both vaccines in 2009.Importantly, we have developed a unique production process for making our recombinant VLP-based vaccines using portable,disposable manufacturing technology that has advantages over traditional egg-based vaccine manufacturing and other vaccines indevelopment. Because the equipment is both portable and disposable, a facility to produce VLP-based vaccines can be constructed andvalidated for production use in 12-18 months (depending on the capacity) as compared to current egg-based facilities which can takefour or more years to deploy. Our manufacturing technology requires substantially less capital costs than traditional egg-basedmanufacturing (currently estimated at up to 75% less capital cost). Due to the use of the Company’s proprietary VLP approach indeveloping recombinant vaccines, the current production yields up to 10 times the yields of traditional egg-based or mammalian cellculture manufacturing are encouraging compared to currently used egg-based vaccines as well as developing mammalian cell growthapproaches.The following table shows the current stage of each product candidate in Novavax’s vaccine pipeline: Discovery Preclinical Phase I/IIa Phase IIb/III Pandemic Influenza üü üü üü Seasonal Influenza üü üü üü Varicella Zoster “Shingles” üü üü Respiratory Syncyntial Virus (“RSV”) üü üü We also had a drug delivery platform based on micellar nanoparticles (“MNPs”), proprietary oil and water nanoemulsions used forthe topical delivery of drugs. The MNP technology was the basis for Novavax’s first FDA - approved estrogen replacement product,Estrasorb®. In October 2005, we entered into license and supply agreements for Estrasorb with Allergan, Inc., successor-in-interest toEsprit Pharma, Inc. (“Allergan”), under which we manufactured Estrasorb, and Allergan had an exclusive license to sell Estrasorb inNorth America. In 2007, the Company and Allergan terminated the supply agreement. In April 2006, the Company entered into a Licenseand Development Agreement and a Supply Agreement with Allergan to co-develop, supply and commercialize our MNP-basedtestosterone product candidate for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. In October 2007, these agreements weremutually terminated. In February 2008, we entered into asset purchase and supply agreements with Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLCrelated to Estrasorb and supply of additional units of Estrasorb and terminated the Estrasorb license agreement with Allergan. Weengaged an investment bank to aid us in the search for potential buyers or licensees of the technology, but we were not successful inattempts to sell or license the technology in fields of use outside vaccines. In 2008, we recorded an impairment charge of the remainingMNP assets we held totaling $846,000. We may not be successful in our efforts to divest the MNP assets2 and, if we are, it may not be on favorable terms. The operations related to our Estrasorb product are shown as discontinued operations inour financial statements.Our StrategyWe are creating novel vaccines to address a broad range of infectious diseases across the globe using advanced, proprietary virus-like particle (VLP) technology. We are producing these VLP-based, highly potent, recombinant vaccines utilizing a new, efficientmanufacturing solution.In creating VLPs, our researchers genetically engineer three-dimensional nanostructures, which incorporate immunologicallyimportant lipids and recombinant proteins. Our VLPs resemble a virus but lack the genetic material that would cause infection. VLPtechnology is a proven technology. For example Merck’s Gardasil® utilizes VLP technology. Our propriety VLPs include multipleproteins and lipids and can be tailored to induce robust and broad immune responses similar to natural infections.Our advanced VLP technology has the potential to develop vaccines for a wide range of human infectious diseases where there aresignificant unmet medical needs, some of which have not been addressed by other technologies. We have used formal criteria basedupon medical need, technical feasibility and commercial value to select our vaccine candidates.Our recombinant VLP platform allows us to utilize ready-to-use and disposable equipment which enable production capacityanywhere in the world for a fraction of the cost of traditional vaccine plants. Our manufacturing platform offers several significantadvantages over traditional vaccine production: (1) higher yields than traditional mammalian or egg-based systems, (2) faster facilitycommissioning time, (3) significantly lower capital expenditures, and (4) competitive cost of goods.Based upon our proprietary VLP platform and manufacturing system, the key components to the business strategy are as follows: • Leverage our proven technologies to develop differentiated influenza vaccinesThe world-wide seasonal influenza market place is projected to exceed $6 billion by 2013. Although there are several significantcompanies in the vaccine market, there are unmet needs related to effectiveness in certain populations, speed to market, andreliable and cost effective supply.An influenza pandemic is considered by experts and governments to be a critical public health threat. Governments and non-government organizations have spent billions of dollars to stockpile vaccines and anti-viral drugs and to enact a variety of othermeasures to prepare for a pandemic. Although these measures are important, there are opportunities to do more. Specifically,there are needs related to more effective vaccines, vaccines that can be matched to a pandemic strain in time to address or haltthe first-wave of a pandemic, and vaccines that can be produced in sufficient quantities to address the needs of people in areasthat do not have local or domestic vaccine supply.We believe that our influenza vaccines are designed to address many of the significant unmet needs related to seasonal andpandemic influenza. This past year our pandemic and seasonal influenza VLP vaccines generated strong Phase IIa data.Specifically, the pandemic influenza VLP vaccine induced strong neutralizing antibody titers across all three doses tested andincreasing antibody titers with escalation of dose. In addition, the vaccine induced strong hemagglutination inhibition (“HAI”)responses and was well tolerated with no reports of serious adverse events. The seasonal influenza VLP vaccine study alsoshowed robust HAI responses against each of the strains in the vaccine including H3N2, H1N1, and B strains. Cross-reactivitywas observed against drifted H3N2 and H1N1 strains, a response typically not seen without an adjuvant. Safety follow-up for thisstudy is ongoing; no vaccine-related serious adverse events have been reported to date.There are several points of differentiation of our influenza vaccines when compared to traditional egg-based, or new mammalianbased approaches that form the basis to address unmet medical needs and capitalize on commercial opportunities.3 Our influenza VLPs contain components that provide a broad and robust immune response. Specifically, the VLPs contain theviral components hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and matrix protein (M1). Traditional egg-based vaccines containmeaningful levels of HA but not NA or M1. The HA sequence in our VLPs is the same as in the wild-type virus and could provemore effective/immunogenic than flu vaccines produced using egg or mammalian cell lines, which alter HA. In addition the NAand M1 in our VLPs may play a role in reducing the severity of the disease by inducing antibody responses and cell mediatedimmunity. NA and M1 are both highly conserved, and immunity to these viral components should help provide additionalprotection throughout an entire flu season even as strains mutate. Finally, because of the VLPs’ structure and components, theymay have greater immunogenicity in two vulnerable populations — pediatric and elderly patients.Our influenza VLPs may provide important time to market advantages. Once an influenza virus strain is identified, our VLPvaccines can be produced in about half the time of other influenza vaccines. This can be a critical advantage in rapidlyaddressing a pandemic outbreak, providing a vaccine earlier in the season (including potential availability for back-to-schooldoctor visits) and addressing a late-breaking influenza strain. • Build a robust pipeline of products based upon our VLP technologyOur VLP technology is a platform technology which provides an efficient system to select lead candidates, refine manufacturingprocesses and optimize development across product candidates. In addition to influenza, we currently have two vaccines indiscovery that are ready for preclinical development. The first vaccine is for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the second isfor varicella zoster virus (VZV).RSV is the leading cause of hospitalizations in children and second only to flu as the leading cause of hospitalizations forpneumonia in the elderly. VZV is the virus that causes shingles and the associated pain that may linger for up to 6 months, calledpost-herpetic neuralgia. Preclinical studies of these candidates have shown consistently robust antibody responses andactivation of cell mediated immunity. Further, mice vaccinated with our RSV vaccine candidates and then infected with liveRSV were protected, with no virus replication in the lungs. We are now in the process of selecting one or more RSV candidatesfor preclinical studies to support an IND and future clinical trials. • Maximize the potential of our unique and efficient manufacturing processThe baculovirus expression system manufacturing process for VLP vaccines has been developed using a portable, ready-to-useapproach which requires less labor and infrastructure than egg-based vaccine manufacturing processes. In addition, using processdevelopment techniques, the vaccines under development are providing yields which will lower cost of production, and alsoallow the possibility of higher dose products that are commercially viable. We can maximize these advantages in the near termby producing vaccines for preclinical and clinical studies of our vaccine pipeline of products, and in the long term throughpotential commercialization advantages. • Seek strategic collaborations and partnerships to advance and set the stage for the commercialization of our products andtechnologiesWe believe proprietary VLP technology affords us a range of traditional and non-traditional commercial options that are broaderthan those of existing vaccine companies. Our primary strategy for maximizing the value of our early vaccine candidates is tocomplete early to mid stage development and at the right time, partner with an organization that has complementary capabilitiesto maximize the commercial value of the product.Although the primary strategy is to create major partnerships for commercialization, the manufacturing technology affords us theoption to commercialize products directly or through local partnerships. These opportunities are not possible using traditionalvaccine and manufacturing approaches because of the capital investment, scale and other resources needed for industrialoperations and commercialization. For example, we have a pilot launch facility capable of producing ten million-plus doses ofseasonal influenza vaccines within six months of strain identification. This capacity can be used to commercialize influenza inthe U.S. and other attractive markets. Another example of our strategic relationships is our collaboration with GE Healthcare(GEHC). In many countries there are significant unmet needs related to pandemic influenza.4 It is highly likely that borders would close in the event of a pandemic; access to vaccine could be limited, putting populations atrisk. Because of the VLP technology and the manufacturing benefits, it is cost-effective (both in terms of capital expendituresand operating costs) for a country to have an in-border solution for pandemic. Because our solution utilizes a platformtechnology, a country is able to adapt the manufacturing facility to create not only a seasonal vaccine, but other VLP vaccines aswell. A third example is to work with government or non-government organizations (NGOs) to offer unique vaccines and vaccinesolutions to countries and populations in need that currently have no or limited access.Research and Development Technology and ActivitiesVaccinesVLPs. We develop and produce biopharmaceutical proteins for use as vaccines against pandemic and seasonal influenza and otherinfectious diseases. These proteins, as tolerogens, are used to prevent inflammatory responses in the initiation and progression of strokeand other illnesses. Our lead vaccine technology platform is based on VLP, which are self-assembling protein structures that resembleviruses. These are noninfectious particles that, for many viral diseases, have been shown in animal and human studies to make effectivevaccines. VLPs closely mimic natural virus particles with repeating protein structures that can elicit broad and strong antibody andcellular immune responses, but lack the genetic material required for replication. We have several ongoing development programsinvolving VLP vaccines that address urgent medical needs, including pandemic and seasonal influenza, Varicella Zoster Virus, RSV andother infectious diseases.Pandemic Influenza VLP Vaccine. In the recent past, unexpected influenza subtypes of avian origin have resulted in severemorbidity and mortality in a limited number of people. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses which are now widespread in poultryin Asia and have spread to some European countries, have been linked to human infection. Genetic reassortment between avian andhuman influenza subtypes, or genetic mutations, may lead to the emergence of a virus capable of causing worldwide illness, a pandemic.Proof-of-concept of the VLP approach in H5N1 pandemic influenza has been demonstrated by the Phase I/IIa human clinical trial interimresults released by us in December 2007. We reported that our VLP vaccine for H5N1 influenza is immunogenic, that elicited immuneresponses at both 15 and 45 mcg doses. We began subject enrollment in the second portion of the Phase I/IIa trial in March 2008 togather additional subject immunogenicity and safety data and determine a final dose through the completion of this clinical trial. InAugust 2008, we reported favorable results from this clinical trial, which demonstrated strong neutralizing antibody titers across all threedoses tested. Although the safety data are still blinded at the subject level (pending complete safety follow-up), there were no seriousadverse events reported. In February 2009, we announced that the vaccine induced robust hemagglutination inhibition (“HAI”)responses, which have been shown to be important for protectioni against influenza disease. We only intend to initiate further humanclinical trials for our pandemic influenza vaccine, which would be required for regulatory approval, with a collaborative partner.Seasonal Influenza VLP Vaccine. According to the Center for Disease Control, every year between 5% and 20% of the UnitedStates population is infected by the influenza virus. While the severity of illness varies, influenza causes an estimated 36,000 deaths inthe United States and 500,000 worldwide annually. These seasonal outbreaks have in recent years been caused by subtypes of influenzavirus designated as H3N2 and H1N1. In December 2007, we announced results from a preclinical study in mice. In April 2008, weannounced that we received positive results from an immunogenicity study in ferrets inoculated with our trivalent seasonal influenzavaccine candidate. In September 2008, we began Phase II clinical trials to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different doses ofour seasonal influenza vaccine. In November 2008, we announced a delay of our seasonal influenza dose ranging study in the elderly(>65 years of age) from the fourth quarter of 2008 to 2009, pending top line safety and immunogenicity results from our ongoingseasonal influenza study in healthy adults. We had observed a slightly different safety profile (non-serious adverse events) from ourPhase IIa trial of our pandemic VLP vaccine, and decided to review and analyze the dose response curve as well as the safety data fromthe healthy adult seasonal trial prior to commencing a study in the elderly. In December 2008, we announced favorable safety andimmunogenicity results from our Phase IIa seasonal study in healthy adults. Further seasonal studies are planned in 2009 including theaforementioned study in elderly adults in the second half of 2009. We intend to seek a collaborative partner for5 our seasonal influenza vaccine upon completion of additional Phase II clinical studies, which are expected to be completed by the end of2009.Varicella Zoster VLP Vaccine. In September 2007, we announced a new discovery-phase product indication target for theprevention of a disease associated with Varicella Zoster virus in older patients, commonly referred to as Shingles. Shingles, a skin rashoften accompanied by painful blisters, is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. Anyone who has had chicken pox candevelop Shingles because VZV remains dormant in the nerve cells and may re-emerge many years later causing the illness. Shingles mostfrequently occurs in patients 60 years or older and manifests itself with acute pain (post-herpetic neuralgia-PHN) occurring in 65% ofaffected patients. Shingles-associated pain may last months or even years and can have a negative impact on quality of life. It is alsoassociated with high rates of hospitalization in older adults. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (“ACIP”), a federalbody of immunization experts, currently recommends vaccination for all individuals 60 years of age or older. With only one vaccinecurrently approved for use, the potential market for a Varicella Zoster vaccine is significant.Respiratory Syncytial Virus (“RSV”). RSV is the most commonly identified cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants andyoung children with repeated infections causing moderate to severe cold-like symptoms throughout their lives. High risk individuals(including the elderly over age 65 years, people with cardiovascular disease and children less than four years of age) may also developlower respiratory tract infections leading to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. It is estimated that more than 8.5 million adults, including theelderly over age 65 years, are infected and 900,000 patients are hospitalized annually due to RSV infection in the United States andmajor European countries. In the United States alone there are 177,500 hospitalizations of high risk adults including the elderly overage 65, resulting in annual medicals costs exceeding $1 billion. In addition, there are up to 125,000 infants in the United States who arehospitalized annually due to RSV.On December 9, 2008, Novavax and the University of Massachusetts Medical School announced results from a preclinical study ofan RSV vaccine candidate. Novavax has licensed exclusive worldwide rights from the University of Massachusetts Medical School tocertain technology for the development and commercialization of Paramyxovirus vaccines incorporating certain VLPs. This vaccinecandidate is our first recombinant VLP for the prevention of RSV disease. The preclinical study evaluated the immunogenicity andefficacy of the RSV VLP vaccine candidate in mice. The RSV VLP vaccine induced strong antibody responses against RSV, protectedmice against RSV replication in the lungs, and did not lead to enhanced inflammation of the airways. These data support continueddevelopment of this and additional RSV VLP vaccine candidates containing other proteins (i.e., Gb and F) important for immunity.VLP Vaccine Manufacturing. All currently approved influenza vaccines are produced by growing virus in chicken eggs, fromwhich the virus is extracted and further processed. This 50-year-old egg-based production method requires a minimum of a six-monthlead time for production of a new strain of virus and significant investment in fixed production facilities, with relatively low productionyields. The vaccine shortage during the 2004 flu season (caused in part by a contamination issue at a facility in the United Kingdom)highlighted the limitations of current production methods and the need for increased vaccine manufacturing capacity. It also heightenedconcerns regarding manufacturers’ capacity to respond to a pandemic, when the number of vaccine doses required will be higher than thenumber required for seasonal flu vaccines and manufacturing lead times will be even shorter. We produce VLPs using a baculovirusexpression system in insect cells with disposable, low-cost equipment that can be readily dispersed both nationally and internationally.By not requiring significant production batch sizes, production capacity can be employed quickly; estimated to be built and validatedwithin twelve to eighteen months compared to the current approved manufacturing technology that can take four years or more todeploy. Lead times for production against new virus strains are measured in weeks, not months.In 2007, we streamlined operations by consolidating our offices and laboratories into our new corporate headquarters in Rockville,Maryland where we leased a 51,000 square foot, stand-alone facility. This facility has ample office space, state of the art laboratoryspace, as well as utilities that allow for operating a Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) pilot plant. In late 2007, we embarked onmaking leasehold improvements to create a GMP pilot plant in this facility, and in May 2008, we celebrated the opening of our newstate-of-the-art vaccine facility. On January 26, 2009, we announced that all equipment in our pilot plant is installed and ready foroperations supporting scale-up and validation. The 5,000 square-foot, $5.0 million pilot and commercial-scale6 manufacturing plant will initially supply influenza vaccine for our current clinical programs with planned annual capacity of 10 milliondoses. This facility showcases the capability of our disposable production technology to create vaccine production capacity rapidly, in alow infrastructure environment, at a fraction of the cost required to bring traditional vaccine facilities on line. In addition to lower capitalcosts, we have made substantial improvement in our production yields during 2007 which allows us to remain highly competitive from acost perspective even at higher vaccine doses. We continued to operate our manufacturing operations for producing Phase I/II vaccinematerials at our Taft Court facility, also located in Rockville, Maryland, until October 2008, when we closed the Taft Court location.VLP Intellectual Property Rights. In March 2007, we secured additional intellectual property through the licensing of additionalVLP technology through a license agreement with the University of Massachusetts using their proprietary paramyxoviruses as a core forbuilding VLP vaccines. In July 2007, we entered into a non-exclusive license agreement with Wyeth Holdings Corporation to obtainrights to a family of patent applications covering VLP technology for use in human vaccines in certain fields of use.Other VLP Projects. We are working on certain other vaccine projects with sponsoring organizations. These projects, describedbelow, are currently funded and controlled by other parties. As is typical with these research contracts, we do not currently havecommercial rights to these products.HIV-1/AIDS VLP Vaccine. The human toll of AIDS is staggering and now kills more people worldwide than any other infectiousdisease. Nearly 34 million people are infected with HIV-1, including 2.5 million people who were newly infected in 2007, according tothe World Health Organization (“WHO”). Under a five-year National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) grant, which was awarded in 2003, weare working in collaboration with leading scientists from the University of Alabama — Birmingham, Emory University and HarvardMedical School in the development of a second-generation AIDS vaccine. In January 2007, we announced that it has significantlyenhanced both the quality and purity of its VLP vaccine for HIV/AIDS. This second generation AIDS vaccine is based on the HIV-1 viralenvelope with a natural three-dimensional structure to trigger a protective immune response. Preclinical studies are under way using theimproved HIV-1 vaccine, and planning has begun to advance this new vaccine to human clinical trials in collaboration with the UnitedStates government potentially as early as 2009. Early versions of Novavax’s VLP vaccine were successful in triggering immuneresponses in preclinical studies, however, attempts to develop a vaccine against this disease has proven to be elusive to date. Novavaxscientists and its collaborators discovered a way to optimize the expression of the HIV-1 envelope, which is a principal target forimmunity in humans. We do not have commercial rights to this potential vaccine; however, the project does demonstrate the breadth ofpotential application of VLPs to various infectious diseases. This contract ended in the first quarter of 2008.SARS VLP Vaccine. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (“SARS”) is a viral respiratory illness cased by a coronavirus and was firstreported in Asia in February 2003. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), subsequent to the 2003 breakout, over8,000 people were infected, with 774 reported deaths. While there is currently no known reported SARS transmission globally, WHO andother such agencies continue to monitor the SARS situation on a global basis as health officials remain concerned that SARS or similardisease could reemerge. In 2005, the NIH awarded us a $1.1 million, three-year grant to develop a vaccine to prevent SARS. SARS is asevere form of pneumonia, accompanied by a fever and caused by a coronavirus. Our SARS VLP vaccine is also based on the productionof coronavirus-like VLPs in insect cells. In May 2008, we announced we had created a new proprietary process to develop a vaccinecandidate against SARS. Novavax does not have the commercial rights to this product and continues to work with NIH funding tosupport its development. This contract ended in January 2009. We intend to apply for a no cost extension and to seek additional fundingfrom NIH on the SARS grant.E-Selectin Tolerogen. In collaboration with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (“NINDS”), we have beendeveloping E-selectin-based molecularly-derived products for the prevention of strokes. In September 2002, a published report in theprofessional journal “Stroke” provided experimental evidence on prevention of stroke in stroke-prone rats. These results providedsupportive evidence that E-selectin tolerization may help in the prevention of strokes and other illness where inflammatory and immuneresponses are involved in the initiation and progression of disease. We were awarded a government contract for the formulationdevelopment and manufacture of E-selectin for Phase I clinical trials to be run by the NINDS and the NIH. Formulation and7 product has been produced by the Company for future preclinical and human clinical trials. We do not have commercial rights to thisproduct.Research and Development FundingTotal externally contracted research and development costs were $0.3 million in 2008, $1.0 million in 2007 and $0.9 million in2006. Externally contracted research and development costs were primarily related to our HIV, SARS and E-Selectin project. Totalinternally sponsored research and development costs were $24.0 million in 2008, $16.6 million in 2007 and $10.4 million in 2006.CompetitionThe biopharmaceutical industry and the vaccine market are intensely competitive and are characterized by rapid technologicalprogress. There are a number of companies developing and selling vaccines for pandemic and seasonal influenza employing currenttechnology with some modifications, as well as new technologies. Our technology is based upon utilizing the baculovirus expressionsystem in insect cells to make VLPs. We believe this system offers many advantages when compared to other technologies and isuniquely suited for developing pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines as well as other infectious diseases. The fact that we do notrely on the use of adjuvants, chemical substances that can boost the human immune system, leads us to believe we have a clearerregulatory path toward approval of our vaccines with regulatory agencies. The table below provides a list of major vaccine competitorsand corresponding influenza vaccine technologies.Company Competing Technology Descriptionsanofi pasteur, Inc. Inactivated sub-unit (egg-based)MedImmune Vaccines, Inc. (a subsidiary of Astra-Zeneca, Inc.) Nasal, live attenuated (cell-based)GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals Inactivated (egg-based)Novartis, Inc. Inactivated sub-unit (egg-based)Merck & Co. Novel vaccinesIn general, competition among pharmaceutical products is based in part on product efficacy, safety, reliability, availability, priceand patent position. An important factor is the relative timing of the market introduction of our products and our competitors’ products.Accordingly, the speed with which we can develop products, complete the clinical trials and approval processes and supply commercialquantities of the products to the market is an important competitive factor. Our competitive position also depends upon our ability toshow differentiation in the seasonal flu space with a product that is more efficacious, particularly in the elderly population, and/or be lessexpensive and quicker to manufacture. It also depends upon our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, obtain patent protectionor otherwise develop proprietary products or processes, and secure sufficient capital resources for the often substantial period betweentechnological conception and commercial sale.Patents and Proprietary RightsWe generally seek patent protection for our technology and product candidates in the United States and abroad. The patentposition of biotechnology firms generally is highly uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. Our success willdepend, in part, on whether we can: • Obtain patents to protect our own technologies and products; • Obtain licenses to use the technologies of third parties, which may be protected by patents; • Protect our trade secrets and know-how; and • Operate without infringing the intellectual property and proprietary rights of others.Patent rights; licenses. We have intellectual property (patents, licenses, know-how) related to its vaccine, drug delivery, adjuvantand other technologies. Currently, we have or have rights to over 99 United States patents and corresponding foreign patents and patentapplications relating to vaccines and biologics. Our core vaccine8 related intellectual property extends beyond 2010. On November 6, 2008, we entered into an option agreement with SGN Biopharmawhich allows SGN Biopharma to license certain intellectual property rights from us related to our drug delivery technology.In March 2007, we secured additional intellectual property through the licensing of additional VLP technology through a licenseagreement with the University of Massachusetts using their proprietary paramyxoviruses as a core for building VLP vaccines. In July2007, we entered into a non-exclusive license agreement with Wyeth Holdings Corporation to obtain rights to a family of patentapplications covering VLP technology for use in human vaccines in certain fields of use.Consistent with statutory guidelines issued under the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 designed to encourage thedissemination of science and technology innovation and provide sharing of technology that has commercial potential, our collaborativeresearch efforts with the United States government and with other private entities receiving federal funding provide that developmentsand results must be freely published, that information or materials supplied by us will not be treated as confidential and that we will berequired to negotiate a license to any such developments and results in order to commercialize products. There can be no assurance thatwe will be able to successfully obtain any such license at a reasonable cost, or that such developments and results will not be madeavailable to our competitors on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis.Trade Secrets. To a more limited extent, we rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect our interests. Itis our policy to require employees, consultants, contractors, manufacturers, collaborators, and other advisors to execute confidentialityagreements upon the commencement of employment, consulting or collaborative relationships with us. We also require signedconfidentiality agreements from any entity that is to receive confidential information from us. With respect to employees, consultantsand contractors, the agreements generally provide that all inventions made by the individual while rendering services to us shall beassigned to us as our property.Government RegulationsThe development, production and marketing of pharmaceutical and biological products developed by Novavax or ourcollaborators are subject to regulation for safety, efficacy and quality by numerous governmental authorities in the United States andother countries. In the United States, the development, manufacturing and marketing of human pharmaceuticals and vaccines are subjectto extensive regulation under the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and biological products are subject to regulation both underprovisions of that Act and under the Public Health Service Act. The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) assesses the safety andefficacy of products and regulates, among other things, the testing, manufacture, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising andpromotion. The process of obtaining FDA approval for a new product is costly and time-consuming.Vaccine clinical development follows the same general pathway as for drugs and other biologics. A sponsor who wishes to beginclinical trials with a vaccine must submit an Investigational New Drug application (an “IND”) describing the vaccine, its method ofmanufacture and quality control tests for release. Before applying for FDA approval to market any new drug product candidates, we mustfirst submit an IND that explains to the FDA the results of pre-clinical testing conducted in laboratory animals and what we propose to dofor human testing. At this stage, the FDA decides whether it is reasonably safe to move forward with testing the drug on humans. We mustthen conduct Phase I human clinical trials and larger-scale Phase II and III human clinical trials that demonstrate the safety and efficacyof our products to the satisfaction of the FDA. Once these trials are complete, a Biologics License Application (“BLA”) (the biologicequivalent to a New Drug Application) can be filed with the FDA requesting approval of the vaccine for marketing based on thevaccine’s effectiveness and safety.If successful, the completion of all three phases of clinical development can be followed by the submission of a BLA. Also duringthis stage, the proposed manufacturing facility undergoes a pre-approval inspection during which production of the vaccine as it is inprogress is examined in detail. Vaccine approval also requires the provision of adequate product labeling to allow health care providersto understand the vaccine’s proper use, including its potential benefits and risks, to communicate with patients and parents, and to safelydeliver the vaccine to the public. Until a vaccine is given to the general population, all potential adverse events cannot be anticipated.Thus,9 many vaccines undergo Phase IV studies after a BLA has been approved and the vaccine is licensed and on the market.In addition to obtaining FDA approval for each product, each domestic manufacturing establishment must be registered with theFDA, is subject to FDA inspection and must comply with current GMP regulations. To supply products for use either in the United Statesor outside the United States, including clinical trials, United States and foreign manufacturing establishments, including third-partyfacilities, must comply with GMP regulations and are subject to periodic inspection by the corresponding regulatory agencies in theirhome country under reciprocal agreements with the FDA and/or by the FDA.Preclinical studies may take several years to complete and there is no guarantee that the FDA will permit an IND based on thosestudies to become effective and the product to advance to clinical testing.Clinical trials may take several years to complete. After the completion of the required phases of clinical trials, if the data indicatethat the drug or biologic product is safe and effective, a BLA or NDA (depending on whether the product is a biologic or pharmaceuticalproduct) is filed with the FDA to approve the marketing and commercial shipment of the drug. This process takes substantial time andeffort and the FDA may not accept the BLA or NDA for filing. Even if filed, the FDA might not grant approval. FDA approval of a BLA orNDA may take up to two years and may take longer if substantial questions about the filing arise. The FDA may require post-marketingtesting and surveillance to monitor the safety of the applicable products.In addition to regulatory approvals that must be obtained in the United States, an investigational product is also subject toregulatory approval in other countries in which it is intended to be marketed. No such product can be marketed in a country until theregulatory authorities of that country have approved an appropriate license application. FDA approval does not assure approval by otherregulatory authorities. In addition, in many countries, the government is involved in the pricing of the product. In such cases, the pricingreview period often begins after market approval is granted.We are also subject to regulation under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the ToxicSubstances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and other present and potential federal, state or local regulations.These and other laws govern our use, handling and disposal of various biological and chemical substances used in, and waste generatedby, our operations. Our research and development involves the controlled use of hazardous materials, chemicals and viruses. Althoughwe believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply with the standards prescribed by state andfederal regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event ofsuch an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result, and any such liability could exceed our resources. Additionally,for formulations containing controlled substances, we are subject to Drug Enforcement Act (“DEA”) regulations.There have been a number of federal and state proposals during the last few years to subject the pricing of pharmaceutical andbiological products to government control and to make other changes to the medical care system of the United States. It is uncertainwhat legislative proposals will be adopted or what actions federal, state or private payers for medical goods and services may take inresponse to any medical reform proposals or legislation. We cannot predict the effect medical or healthcare reforms may have on ourbusiness, and no assurance can be given that any such reforms will not have a material adverse effect.ManufacturingDuring the fourth quarter of 2007, we commenced the build out of a manufacturing suite in our Rockville, Maryland corporateheadquarters for a 5,000 square foot GMP facility to produce clinical trial material as well as modest commercialization quantities of ourVLP vaccines. Due to our unique manufacturing platform, we believe we are able to produce vaccines at up to 10 times the yields oftraditional manufacturing methods (i.e. egg-based), depending on the vaccine dose, and at significantly lower capital costs thancurrently available vaccine technologies. Construction for this GMP suite was completed and a ribbon cutting ceremony was held inMay 2008. This facility was ready for use in January 2009, when we announced that all equipment in the pilot plant was installed andready for operations supporting scale up and validation. Any plans to further expand our manufacturing capabilities10 at our Rockville, Maryland facilities, including the facilities necessary to expand manufacturing quantities, test and package anadequate supply of finished products in order to meet any long term commercial needs, will require additional resources and will besubject to ongoing government approval and oversight.We had a GMP facility in our other facility in Maryland which incorporated disposable cell culture equipment that supported themanufacturing requirements for early stage clinical trial materials for our VLP vaccine candidates, including pandemic and seasonalinfluenza vaccine candidates, and other biologic products. This facility was used through September 2008, when we consolidated ourresearch and development and manufacturing activities into one facility.We also had a manufacturing facility in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Estrasorb, our first FDA-approved commercial product, wasbeing manufactured at this facility. In February 2008, we entered into an agreement with Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Graceway”)to sell our manufacturing equipment and other assets related to Estrasorb. In addition to the sale of assets, we agreed to produceadditional lots of Estrasorb on behalf of Graceway, which was completed in August 2008, at which time we closed down this operationand exited the facility.Sources of SupplyMost of the raw materials and other supplies required in our business are generally available from various suppliers in quantitiesadequate to meet our needs. In some cases, we have only qualified one supplier for certain of our manufacturing components. We haveplans in place to qualify multiple suppliers for all critical supplies before the time we would put any of our product candidates intocommercial production. One of our major suppliers is GE Healthcare which supplies disposable components used in our manufacturingprocess. GE Healthcare utilizes a sophisticated, in depth process to qualify multiple vendors for the products that are supplied to us. Allthe materials and vendors that supply manufacturing materials to the Company are audited for compliance with GMP standards.Business DevelopmentWe continue to explore opportunities for corporate alliances and partners to help develop and ultimately commercialize and marketour technologies and product candidates. Our strategy is to enter into collaborative arrangements with pharmaceutical and othercompanies for some or all aspects of product development, manufacturing, marketing and sales of our products that will require broadmarketing capabilities and overseas marketing. Specifically, we are working with GE Healthcare to engage foreign countries indiscussions of in-border solutions to a pandemic threat. We also are seeking to collaborate with global vaccine and other largepharmaceutical companies for our seasonal product. These collaborators are generally expected to be responsible for funding orreimbursing all or a portion of the development costs, including the costs of later stage clinical testing necessary to obtain regulatoryclearances and for commercial scale manufacturing, in exchange for rights to market specific products in particular geographic territories.EmployeesAs of March 10, 2009, we had 69 full-time employees and 1 part-time employee for a total of 70 employees, 20 of whom hold M.D.or Ph.D. degrees and 15 of whom hold other advanced degrees. Of our total workforce, 51 are engaged primarily in research, developmentand manufacturing activities and 19 are engaged primarily in business development, finance and accounting and administrativefunctions. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we consider ouremployee relations to be good.Executive OfficersOur executive officers hold office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors following the Annual Meeting of Stockholdersand until their successors are duly chosen and qualified, or until they resign or are removed from office in accordance with our By-laws.11 The following table provides certain information with respect to our executive officers. Principal Occupation and Other BusinessName Age Experience During the Past Five YearsRahul Singhvi 44 President and Chief Executive Officer and Director of Novavax sinceAugust 2005. Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Novavaxfrom April 2005 to August 2005 and Vice President, PharmaceuticalDevelopment and Manufacturing Operations from April 2004 to April 2005.For 10 years prior to joining the Company, served in several positions withMerck & Co., culminating as Director of the Merck Manufacturing Divisionfrom 1999 to 2004.Raymond J. Hage, Jr. 41 Senior Vice President, Commercial Operations since October 2006. SeniorVice President and Chief Operating Officer from August 2005 to October2006 and Vice President of Marketing and Corporate Development ofNovavax from January 2004 to August 2005. Prior to joining the Company,served in several positions including an independent marketing consultantwith CHS, Inc. in 2003, Director of Marketing with Cephalon, Inc. from2002 to 2003 and for 10 years held various marketing and sales roles at EliLilly culminating as Director of US Women’s Health from 2001 to 2002.Penny Heaton 44 Vice President, Research & Development and Chief Medical Officer ofNovavax since October 2006. Prior to joining the Company, served as Sr.Director and Director of Vaccine Clinical Research at Merck & Co., Inc.from 1999 to September 2006.James Robinson 48 Vice President, Technical Operations and Quality Operations at Novavaxsince March 2007. Served at sanofi pasteur, Inc. in its US Vaccine Divisionin various positions, most recently, as Vice President, Industrial Operationsfrom June 1986 to December 2006.Thomas Johnston 38 Vice President, Strategy of Novavax since April 2008. Prior to joining theCompany in March 2007, and from August 2003 served as independentstrategic business consultant and Gemalto employee for multiple industriesincluding banking, government security and mobile telecommunications.Prior to this, served as VP of Emerging Technology for Fleet Bank, andadditional roles within Microsoft Corporation and Comcast Corporation.Evdoxia Kopsidas 44 Director of Finance, since October 2006. Prior to joining the Company,served as Controller of BioVeris Corporation from June 2004 throughOctober 2006 and Controller of BioReliance Corporation between April1998 and June 2004. Appointed as Interim Principal Accounting Officer inFebruary 2009.Availability of InformationNovavax was incorporated in 1987 under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at 9920Belward Campus Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850. Our telephone number is (240) 268-2000 and our website address iswww.novavax.com. The contents of our website are not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.We make available, free of charge and through our website, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q,Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to any such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after filed with or furnished to the Securities andExchange Commission.12 Item 1A. RISK FACTORSYou should carefully consider the following risk factors in evaluating our business. There are a number of risk factors that couldcause our actual results to differ materially from those that are indicated by forward-looking statements. Some of the risks describedrelate principally to our business and the industry in which we operate. Others relate principally to the securities market andownership of our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks anduncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently deem immaterial, also may become important factors that affect us. If any ofthe following risks occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Youshould also consider the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have a history of losses and our future profitability is uncertain.Our expenses have exceeded our revenues since our formation in 1987, and our accumulated deficit at December 31, 2008 was$235.8 million. Our net revenues from continuing operations for the last three fiscal years were $1.1 million in 2008, $1.5 million in2007, and $1.7 million in 2006. We have received a limited amount of related revenue from research contracts, licenses and agreementsto provide vaccine candidates, services and technologies. We cannot be certain that we will be successful in entering into strategicalliances or collaborative arrangements with other companies that will result in significant revenues to offset our expenses. Our net lossesfor the last three fiscal years were $36.0 million in 2008, $34.8 million in 2007, and $23.1 million in 2006, including discontinuedoperations.Our historical losses have resulted from research and development expenses for our vaccine and drug delivery product candidates,sales and marketing expenses, and manufacturing expenses for Estrasorb, protection of our intellectual property and other generaloperating expenses. Our losses increased due to the launch of Estrasorb since 2004 as we expanded our manufacturing capacity, andsales and marketing capabilities. More recently, our losses have increased, and will continue to increase, as a result of higher researchand development efforts to support the development of our vaccines, particularly our pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines.We expect to continue to incur significant operating expenses and anticipate that our expenses and losses will increase in theforeseeable future as we seek to: • pay our outstanding $22 million principal amount of 4.75% senior convertible notes due July 15, 2009 (the “convertiblenotes”); • complete Phase II clinical trials for our seasonal flu vaccine; • complete our human Phase I/IIa clinical trial for our pandemic flu vaccines; • conduct additional preclinical studies for Varicella Zoster and RSV product candidates using our VLP vaccine technologyplatform; • obtain validation from the Food and Drug Administration as a product manufacturing facility and comply with the FDA’smanufacturing facility requirements; and • maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio.As a result, we expect our cumulative operating losses to increase until such time, if ever, that product sales, licensing fees,royalties, milestones, contract research and other sources generate sufficient revenue to fund our continuing operations. We cannotpredict when, if ever, we might achieve profitability and cannot be certain that we will be able to sustain profitability, if achieved.13 We have limited financial resources and we are not certain that we will be able to maintain our current level of operations or beable to fund the further development of our product candidates.We do not expect to generate revenues from product sales, licensing fees, royalties, milestones, contract research or other sources inan amount sufficient to fund our operations, and we will therefore use our cash resources and expect to require additional funds tomaintain our operations, continue our research and development programs, commence future preclinical studies and clinical trials, seekregulatory approvals and manufacture and market our products. We will seek such additional funds through public or private equity ordebt financings, collaborative licensing and development arrangements and other sources. We cannot be certain that adequate additionalfunding will be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. If we cannot raise the additional funds required for our anticipatedoperations, we may be required to delay significantly, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research or developmentprograms, further downsize our general and administrative infrastructure, or seek alternative measures to avoid insolvency, includingarrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies, productcandidates or products. If we raise additional funds through future offerings of shares of our common stock or other securities, suchofferings would cause dilution of existing stockholders’ percentage ownership in the Company. Given the current market price of ourcommon stock, such dilution would likely be substantial. These future offerings also could have a material and adverse effect on theprice of our common stock.Our convertible notes mature on July 15, 2009 and the use of our cash and common stock to satisfy this debt could adversely affectour cash flow, dilute stockholders, cause the price of our common stock to go down and limit our ability to raise capital.As of December 31, 2008, we had $22.0 million principal amount of our convertible notes outstanding, although for financialreporting purposes the value was held at $21.8 million, net of a $200,000 debt discount, that will be accrued to the principal amountover the remaining term of the debt. Under the terms of the convertible notes, at our option, we can pay up to 50% of the outstandingconvertible notes in Novavax common stock on the due date, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including, among otherthings, a requirement that the shares issued upon conversion be registered or freely tradable without registration, that the shares ofcommon stock have not been suspended from trading on NASDAQ during the applicable measurement period and there is no threateneddelisting or suspension, and that we are otherwise in compliance with our agreements with the noteholders. The amount of shares thatmay be issued at maturity may be subject to adjustment depending on the noteholder’s percentage ownership of the Company on an as-converted basis and if the Company’s stock price falls below $2.00 during the measurement period. As a result, the Company will haveto pay at least $11.0 million in cash to satisfy the convertible notes on the due date unless the notes are converted into common stock,redeemed or amended.We believe that the pending maturity date, potential dilution and use of cash to pay the principal and interest due July 15,2009 may be a factor in the recent reduction in the Company’s common stock market price. Until the convertible notes are paid,converted, redeemed or amended, it is likely to cause the market price to remain depressed or further decrease. In addition, theoutstanding convertible notes and the pending maturity date may be having additional negative consequences. It could • affect our ability to raise additional capital, either through the issuance of additional debt or sales or equity securities; • influence a potential strategic or collaborative partner’s willingness to enter into collaborative licensing or developmentarrangements with us; • increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; and • limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry, which may place us at a competitivedisadvantage compared with competitors that have less indebtedness.We may incur additional indebtedness in the future for various reasons, including restructuring the convertible notes, which couldextend or increase the risks associated with our substantial leverage.14 Our common stock may be delisted from The NASDAQ Global Market, which could negatively impact the price of our commonstock, our ability to access the capital markets and our ability to convert our convertible debtIn December 2008, NASDAQ extended its suspension of the rules requiring a minimum $1.00 closing bid price and a minimummarket value of publicly held shares. Given the continued extraordinary market conditions, NASDAQ is extending the suspension of thebid price and market value of publicly held shares requirements. Enforcement of these rules is scheduled to resume on Monday, April 20,2009. Our stock price has not closed above the minimum $1.00 bid price since February 26, 2009.Additionally, we must maintain stockholders’ equity of at least $30 million to be in compliance with the continued listingstandards for the NASDAQ Global Market. At December 31, 2008, our consolidated stockholders’ equity was approximately $45 million.We cannot guarantee that we will be able to meet this listing standard in the future. If we fail to meet this NASDAQ listing requirement inthe future and are unable to successfully appeal to the NASDAQ Listing Qualification Staff and Hearings Panel for an extension of timeto regain compliance, our common stock could be delisted from the NASDAQ Global Market, and we may apply to have our stock tradedon the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board, an electronic quotation system that displays stock quotes by market makers. There can be noassurance that our common stock would be timely admitted for trading on that market. This alternative may result in a less liquid marketavailable for existing and potential shareholders to buy and sell shares of our stock and could further depress the price of our stock. Inaddition, it is a condition to our ability to pay up to half of our convertible notes in shares of common stock that our shares not besuspended from trading on NASDAQ and there is no threatened suspension or delisting.The current capital and credit market conditions may adversely affect the company’s access to capital, cost of capital, and ability toexecute its business plan as scheduledAccess to capital markets is critical to our ability to operate. Traditionally, biopharmaceutical companies have funded theirresearch and development expenditures through raising capital in the equity markets. Declines and uncertainties in these markets overthe past year have severely restricted raising new capital and have affected companies’ ability to continue to expand or fund existingresearch and development efforts. We require significant capital for research and development for our product candidates and clinicaltrials. The general economic and capital market conditions, both in the United States and worldwide have deteriorated significantly andhave adversely affected our access to capital and increased the cost of capital, and there is no certainty that a recovery in the capital andcredit markets, enabling us to raise capital, will occur in the 2009 fiscal year. If these economic conditions continue or become worse, theCompany’s future cost of equity or debt capital and access to the capital markets could be adversely affected. In addition, an inability bythe Company to access the capital markets on favorable terms due to our low stock price, or upon our delisting from the NASDAQ GlobalMarket if we fail to satisfy a listing requirement, could affect our ability to execute our business plan as scheduled. Moreover, we relyand intend to rely on third-parties, including our clinical research organizations, third-party manufacturers, and certain other importantvendors and consultants. As a result of the current volatile and unpredictable global economic situation, there may be a disruption ordelay in the performance of our third-party contractors and suppliers. If such third-parties are unable to adequately satisfy theircontractual commitments to us in a timely manner, our business could be adversely affected.We are limited in our ability to raise additional capital and any sale of common stock could be significantly dilutive to existingstockholders.We will need to engage in capital raising activities in the near term. Current economic and market conditions, as well as ourconvertible notes (as described above), significantly restrict our ability to raise capital through common stock sales and additionalindebtedness. Due to these and other conditions, we may not be able to sell shares of our common stock at a price favorable to us or wemay need to sell a large block of stock to raise sufficient capital or be able to sell any stock at all. The sale of common stock would causean immediate and substantial equity dilution for our existing stockholders. This may further depress the market price of our commonstock and further impair our ability to raise additional capital by selling our common stock. Based on the current trading price of ourcommon stock, we may face challenges selling equity to raise sufficient funds to execute our business plan due to NASDAQ’sMarketplace rules.15 A portion of our investments are auction rate securities which present potential liquidity concerns.As of December 31, 2008, we had $8.2 million invested in auction rate securities, which were classified as short-term investmentsavailable for sale and carried at their estimated fair value of $7.0 million. Auction rate securities are long-term debt instruments thatprovide liquidity through a competitive bidding process known as a “Dutch Auction” that resets the applicable interest rates at pre-determined calendar intervals. Due to recent uncertainties in the credit markets, we may be unable to liquidate some or all of our auctionrate securities when we are in need of the cash to fund operations at prices that are acceptable to us. Even if we are able to liquidate theinvestments, the sales may be at a loss. In addition, given the complexity of auction rate securities and their valuations, our estimates oftheir fair value may differ from the actual amount we would be able to collect in the ultimate sale. It is uncertain as to when the liquidityissues relating to these investments will improve.We have repositioned ourselves from a specialty pharmaceutical company and face all the risks inherent in the implementation of anew business strategy.In 2005, we changed the focus of the Company from the development and commercialization of specialty pharmaceutical productsto the research and development of new products using our proprietary virus-like particle vaccine technology platform. We cannotpredict whether we will be successful in implementing our new business strategy.We focus our research and development activities on vaccines, an area in which we have particular strengths and a technology thatappears promising. The outcome of any research and development program is highly uncertain. Only a small fraction of biotechnologydevelopment programs ultimately result in commercial products or even product candidates and a number of events could delay ourdevelopment efforts and negatively impact our ability to obtain regulatory approval for, and to market and sell, a product candidate.Product candidates that initially appear promising often fail to yield successful products. In many cases, preclinical or clinical studieswill show that a product candidate is not efficacious or that it raises safety concerns or has other side effects that outweigh its intendedbenefit. Success in preclinical or early clinical trials may not translate into success in large-scale clinical trials. Further, success inclinical trials will likely lead to increased investment, accelerating cumulative losses, to bring such products to market. Even after aproduct is approved and launched, general usage or post-marketing studies may identify safety or other previously unknown problemswith the product, which may result in regulatory approvals being suspended, limited to narrow indications or revoked, which mayotherwise prevent successful commercialization.Many of our competitors have significantly greater resources and experience, which may negatively impact our commercialopportunities and those of our current and future licensees.The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are subject to intense competition and rapid and significant technologicalchange. We have many potential competitors, including major drug and chemical companies, specialized biotechnology firms, academicinstitutions, government agencies and private and public research institutions. Many of our competitors have significantly greaterfinancial and technical resources, experience and expertise in: • research and development; • preclinical testing; • designing and implementing clinical trials; • regulatory processes and approvals; • production and manufacturing; and • sales and marketing of approved products.16 Principal competitive factors in our industry include: • the quality and breadth of an organization’s technology; • management of the organization and the execution of the organization’s strategy; • the skill and experience of an organization’s employees and its ability to recruit and retain skilled and experienced employees; • an organization’s intellectual property portfolio; • the range of capabilities, from target identification and validation to drug discovery and development to manufacturing andmarketing; and • the availability of substantial capital resources to fund discovery, development and commercialization activities.Large and established companies such as Merck & Co., Inc., GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Novartis, Inc., sanofi pasteur, Inc. andMedImmune Inc. (a subsidiary of Astra-Zeneca, Inc.), among others, compete in the vaccine market. In particular, these companies havegreater experience and expertise in securing government contracts and grants to support their research and development efforts,conducting testing and clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals to market products, and manufacturing such products on a broadscale and marketing approved products.There are many seasonal flu vaccines currently approved and marketed. Competition in the sale of these seasonal flu vaccines isintense. Therefore, newly developed and approved products must be differentiated from existing vaccines in order to have commercialsuccess. In order to show differentiation in the seasonal flu space, a product must be more efficacious, particularly in the elderlypopulation, and/or be less expensive and quicker to manufacture. Many of our competitors are working on new products and newgenerations of current products, often by adding an adjuvant that is used to increase the efficacy of the current product, each of which isintended to be more efficacious than products currently being marketed. Our seasonal flu product may not prove to be more efficaciousthan current products or products under development by our competitors. Further, our manufacturing system may not provide enoughsavings of time or money to provide the required differentiation for commercial success.Smaller or early-stage companies and research institutions may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly throughcollaborative arrangements with large and established pharmaceutical or other companies. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop proprietary positions, which may prevent or limit our product development and commercializationefforts. We will also face competition from these parties in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel,establishing clinical trial sites and subject registration for clinical trials, and in acquiring and in-licensing technologies and productscomplementary to our programs or potentially advantageous to our business. If any of our competitors succeed in obtaining approvalfrom the FDA or other regulatory authorities for their products sooner than we do or for products that are more effective or less costlythan ours, our commercial opportunity could be significantly reduced.In order to effectively compete, we will have to make substantial investments in development, testing, manufacturing and sales andmarketing or partner with one or more established companies. There is no assurance that we will be successful in gaining significantmarket share for any product or product candidate. Our technologies and products also may be rendered obsolete or noncompetitive as aresult of products introduced by our competitors to the marketplace more rapidly and at a lower cost.If we lose or are unable to attract key management or other personnel, we may experience delays in product development.We depend on our senior executive officers as well as key scientific and other personnel. The loss of these individuals could harmour business and significantly delay or prevent the achievement of research, development or business objectives. Our Chief FinancialOfficer resigned effective January 28, 2009 to pursue opportunities closer to home. While we have retained an executive search firm torecruit a replacement Chief Financial Officer, however, we may not be able to attract a qualified individual on terms acceptable to us. Wehave not purchased key-man life17 insurance on any of our executive officers or key personnel, and therefore may not have adequate funds to find acceptable replacementsfor them. Competition for qualified employees is intense among pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and the loss of qualifiedemployees, or an inability to attract, retain and motivate additional highly skilled employees required for the expansion of our activities,could hinder our ability to complete human studies successfully and develop marketable products.We also rely from time-to-time on outside advisors who assist us in formulating our research and development and clinical strategy.We may not be able to attract and retain these individuals on acceptable terms, which could have a material adverse effect on ourbusiness, financial condition and results of operations.We have experienced significant management turnover.Our current President and Chief Executive Officer, Rahul Singhvi, assumed this responsibility in August 2005. Most of ourexecutive officers have joined us since that time. As mentioned above, our Chief Financial Officer resigned effective January 28, 2009,and efforts are underway to find a replacement. This lack of management continuity, and the resulting lack of long-term history with ourCompany, could result in operational and administrative inefficiencies and added costs. If we were to experience additional turnover atthe executive level, these risks would be exacerbated.We may have product liability exposure.The administration of drugs to humans, whether in clinical trials or after marketing clearances are obtained, can result in productliability claims. We maintain product liability insurance coverage in the total amount of $10 million for claims arising from the use ofour currently marketed products and products in clinical trials prior to FDA approval. Coverage is relatively expensive, and the marketpricing can significantly fluctuate. Therefore, we may not be able to maintain insurance at a reasonable cost. There can be no assurancethat we will be able to maintain our existing insurance coverage or obtain coverage for the use of our other products in the future. Thisinsurance coverage and our resources may not be sufficient to satisfy all liabilities resulting from product liability claims. A successfulclaim may prevent us from obtaining adequate product liability insurance in the future on commercially desirable items, if at all. Even ifa claim is not successful, defending such a claim would be time-consuming and expensive, may damage our reputation in themarketplace, and would likely divert management’s attention.Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in: • decreased demand for our products; • impairment of our business reputation; • withdrawal of clinical trial participants; • costs of related litigation; • substantial monetary awards to subjects or other claimants; • loss of revenues; and • the inability to commercialize our product candidates.There are outstanding loans owed by certain of our former directors, which if not repaid, would result in a loss to the Company.We have two outstanding notes to former directors which are secured by shares of our common stock. The notes were initially dueupon the earlier of (a) the date the individual ceased to be a director of Novavax, (b) in whole or in part, to the extent of net proceeds onthe date on which the director sold all or a portion of the pledged shares, or (c) March 21, 2007.In May 2006, one of these directors resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors. Following his resignation, we approved anextension of the former director’s $448,000 note to December 31, 2007 or earlier18 to the extent of the net proceeds of the pledged shares. In connection with this extension, the former director executed a general releaseof all claims against the Company. On May 7, 2008, the Company and the former director entered into an Amended and RestatedPromissory Note and an Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement (the “Amendment”). The Amendment restates the entire amountoutstanding as of December 31, 2007, including accrued interest, or $578,848, as the new outstanding principal amount. Furthermore,the Amendment further extends the maturity date of the note to June 30, 2009, permits us to sell the pledged shares if the market price ofthe common stock exceeds certain targets, increases the interest rate to 8.0% and stipulates quarterly payments beginning on June 30,2008.In March 2007, the second director resigned from the Board of Directors before the maturity date. In an agreement dated May 7,2007, the Board agreed to extend the note that was due March 21, 2007 to June 30, 2009 and secured additional collateral in the form ofa lien on certain outstanding stock options. Also under the May 7, 2007 agreement, we have the right to exercise the stock options, sellthe acquired shares and the other shares held as collateral and use the proceeds to pay the debt, if the share price exceeds a certain targetat any time during the period between May 7, 2007 and June 30, 2009. The note continues to accrue interest at 5.07% per annum andcontinues to be secured by 166,666 shares of common stock owned by the former director.We are uncertain about the collectability of these notes. We do not know if the price of our common stock will reach the targetprices allowing us to realize on the pledged collateral. Even if we are able to sell some or all of the pledged shares, we may not recoverthe full amount outstanding under either note. We continue to actively work with these two individuals to collect the amountsoutstanding and reserve our rights to legal remedies available to us. There are no assurances that the former directors will be able to repaythe notes when due under the terms of the current agreements.We may not be able to win government, institution or non-profit grants.From time to time, we may apply for grants from academic institutions, government agencies and non-profit entities. Such grantscan be highly attractive because they provide capital to fund the ongoing development of our technologies and product candidateswithout diluting our stockholders. However, there is often significant competition for these grants. Grantors may have requirements toapply for or to otherwise be eligible to receive certain grants that our competitors may be able to satisfy that we cannot. In addition,grantors may make arbitrary decisions as to whether to make grants, to whom the grants will be awarded and the size of the grants to eachawardee. Therefore, we may not be able to win grants.Current economic conditions and capital markets are in a period of disruption and instability which could adversely affect ourability to raise capital and may adversely affect our business and liquidity.The current economic conditions and related capital markets may have a negative impact on our ability to access the capitalmarkets, and thus have a negative impact on our business and liquidity. The shortage of liquidity and credit combined with recentsubstantial losses in worldwide equity markets has led to an extended worldwide recession. We may face significant challenges in sellingshares of common stock or in obtaining debt financing if conditions in the capital markets do not improve.If we are not able to enter into a collaborative licensing and development arrangement with a third party or win a government grant,we will need to raise money through additional debt or equity offerings. Our ability to access the capital markets may be severelyrestricted at a time when we are accessing such markets, which would have a negative impact on our business plans, including our pre-clinical studies and clinical trial schedules and other research and development activities. Even if we are able to raise additional capital,it may not be at a price or on terms that are favorable to us and it may cause a substantial dilution to our existing stockholders. Wecannot predict the occurrence of future disruptions or how long the current conditions may continue.19 Raising additional capital by issuing securities or through collaboration and licensing arrangements may cause dilution to existingstockholders or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates.If we are unable to partner with a third party to advance the development of one or more of our vaccine candidates, we will need toraise money through additional debt or equity financings. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, ourstockholders will experience immediate and significant dilution. To the extent that we raise additional capital through licensingarrangements or arrangements with collaborative partners, we may be required to relinquish, on terms that are not favorable to us, rightsto some of our technologies or product candidates that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves. In addition,current economic conditions may also negatively affect the desire or ability of potential collaborators to enter into transactions with us.They may also have to delay or cancel research and development projects or reduce their overall budgets.Global credit and financial market conditions could negatively impact the value of our current portfolio of cash equivalents orshort-term investments and our ability to meet our financing objectives.Our short-term investments consist primarily of auction rate securities and are classified as available for sale. While as of the date ofthis filing, we have recorded a reduction in the value of these securities due to their illiquidity of approximately $1.2 million, we cannotassure you that further deterioration in conditions of the global credit and financial markets will not occur. Such a further deteriorationcould negatively impact our current portfolio of cash equivalents or short-term investments or our ability to meet our financingobjectives. As described above under “A portion of our investments are auction rate securities which present potential liquidityconcerns”, we hold some auction rate securities that could have additional liquidity concerns.PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT RISKSBecause our vaccine product development efforts depend on new and rapidly evolving technologies, we cannot be certain that ourefforts will be successful.Our vaccine work depends on new, rapidly evolving technologies and on the marketability and profitability of our products.Commercialization of our vaccine products could fail for a variety of reasons, and include the possibility that: • our VLP technology, any or all of the products based on VLP technology or our proprietary manufacturing process will beineffective or unsafe, or otherwise fail to receive necessary regulatory clearances; • the products, if safe and effective, will be difficult to manufacture on a large scale or uneconomical to market; • we will fail to have our GMP pilot plant validated or that the plant will fail to continue to pass regulatory inspections; • proprietary rights of third parties will prevent us or our collaborators from exploiting technologies or marketing products; and • third party competitors will gain greater market share due to superior products or marketing capabilities.We have not completed the development of vaccine products and we may not succeed in obtaining the FDA approval necessary tosell additional products.The development, manufacture and marketing of our pharmaceutical and biological products are subject to government regulationin the United States and other countries. In the United States and most foreign countries, we must complete rigorous preclinical testingand extensive human clinical trials that demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a product in order to apply for regulatory approval tomarket the product. We also have product candidates in human clinical trials and preclinical laboratory or animal studies.20 The steps required by the FDA before our proposed investigational products may be marketed in the United States include: • performance of preclinical (animal and laboratory) tests; • submissions to the FDA of an IND which must become effective before human clinical trials may commence; • performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the investigationalproduct in the intended target population; • performance of a consistent and reproducible manufacturing process intended for commercial use; • submission to the FDA of a BLA or a New Drug Application (“NDA”); and • FDA approval of the BLA or NDA before any commercial sale or shipment of the product.The processes are expensive and can take many years to complete, and we may not be able to demonstrate the safety and efficacy ofour products to the satisfaction of such regulatory authorities. The start of clinical trials can be delayed or take longer than anticipatedfor many and varied reasons, many of which are out of our control. Safety concerns may emerge that could lengthen the ongoing trials orrequire additional trials to be conducted. Regulatory authorities may also require additional testing, and we may be required todemonstrate that our proposed products represent an improved form of treatment over existing therapies, which we may be unable to dowithout conducting further clinical studies. Moreover, if the FDA grants regulatory approval of a product, the approval may be limited tospecific indications or limited with respect to its distribution. Expanded or additional indications for approved drugs may not beapproved, which could limit our revenues. Foreign regulatory authorities may apply similar limitations or may refuse to grant anyapproval. Consequently, even if we believe that preclinical and clinical data are sufficient to support regulatory approval for our productcandidates, the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities may not ultimately grant approval for commercial sale in any jurisdiction. If ourdrug candidates are not approved, our ability to generate revenues will be limited and our business will be adversely affected.We must identify products and product candidates for development with our VLP technology and establish successful third-partyrelationships.The near and long-term viability of our vaccine product candidates will depend in part on our ability to successfully establish newstrategic collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and government agencies. Establishing strategiccollaborations and obtaining government funding is difficult and time-consuming. We will only initiate further human clinical trials forour pandemic influenza vaccine with a collaborative partner and will seek a collaborative partner for our seasonal influenza vaccineupon completion of additional Phase II clinical studies. Potential collaborators may reject collaborations based upon their assessment ofour financial, regulatory or intellectual property position; government agencies may reject contract or grant applications based on theirassessment of public need, the public interest, our products’ ability to address these areas or other reasons beyond our expectations orcontrol. If we fail to establish a sufficient number of collaborations or government relationships on acceptable terms, we may not be ableto commercialize our vaccine product candidate or generate sufficient revenue to fund further research and development efforts.Even if we establish new collaborations or obtain government funding, these relationships may never result in the successfuldevelopment or commercialization of any vaccine product candidates for several reasons, including the fact that: • we may not have the ability to control the activities of our partner and cannot provide assurance that they will fulfill theirobligations to us, including with respect to the license, development and commercialization of products and product candidates,in a timely manner or at all; • such partners may not devote sufficient resources to our products and product candidates or properly maintain or defend ourintellectual property rights;21 • any failure on the part of our partners to perform or satisfy their obligations to us could lead to delays in the development orcommercialization of our products and product candidates, and affect our ability to realize product revenues; and • disagreements, including disputes over the ownership of technology developed with such collaborators, could result inlitigation, which would be time-consuming and expensive, and may delay or terminate research and development efforts,regulatory approvals, and commercialization activities.Our collaborators will be subject to the same regulatory approval of the manufacturing facility and process as Novavax. Before wecould begin commercial manufacturing of any of our product candidates, we and our collaborators must pass a pre-approval inspectionbefore FDA approval and comply with the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices. If our collaborators fail to comply with theserequirements, our product candidates would not be approved. If our collaborators fail to comply with these requirements after approval,we would be subject to possible regulatory action and may be limited in the jurisdictions in which we are permitted to sell our products.If we or our partners fail to maintain our existing agreements or in the event we fail to establish agreements as necessary, we couldbe required to undertake research, development, manufacturing and commercialization activities solely at our own expense. Theseactivities would significantly increase our capital requirements and, given our lack of sales, marketing and distribution capabilities,significantly delay the commercialization of products and product candidates.Because we depend on third parties to conduct some of our laboratory testing and human studies, we may encounter delays in orlose some control over our efforts to develop products.We are dependent on third-party research organizations to conduct some of our laboratory testing and human studies. If we areunable to obtain any necessary testing services on acceptable terms, we may not complete our product development efforts in a timelymanner. If we rely on third parties for laboratory testing and human studies, we may lose some control over these activities and becometoo dependent upon these parties. These third parties may not complete testing activities on schedule or when we request. We may not beable to secure and maintain suitable research organizations to conduct our laboratory testing and human studies. We are responsible forconfirming that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with its general investigational plan and protocol. Moreover, theFDA and foreign regulatory agencies require us to comply with regulations and standards, commonly referred to as good clinicalpractices, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible andaccurate and that the trial participants are adequately protected. Our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of these responsibilitiesand requirements. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or regulatory obligations or meet expecteddeadlines, if the third parties need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to the failure toadhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our pre-clinical development activities of clinical trialsmay be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.Our relationship with GE Healthcare may not be profitable.We have entered into a co-marketing agreement with GE Healthcare to co-market a pandemic influenza vaccine solution to selectinternational countries. The collaboration incorporates GE Healthcare’s bioprocess solutions and design expertise with Novavax’s VLPmanufacturing platform. We cannot predict when, if at all, we will be able to successfully negotiate a definitive agreement with a targetcountry. Even if we do enter into a definitive agreement, it may not result in significant revenues.Even though we have received governmental support in the past, we may not continue to receive support at the same level or at all.The United States government, through its various agencies, has provided grants to fund certain research and development efforts.There can be no assurances that the Company will continue to receive the same level of funding from the United States government, if atall.22 If we are unable to manufacture our vaccines in sufficient quantities or are unable to obtain regulatory approvals for amanufacturing facility for our vaccines, we may experience delays in product development and clinical trials.Completion of our clinical trials and commercialization of our vaccine product candidates require access to, or development of,facilities to manufacture a sufficient supply of our product candidates. We have limited experience manufacturing any of our productcandidates in the volumes that will be necessary to support large-scale clinical trials or commercial sales. Efforts to establish capabilitiesmay not meet initial expectations as to scheduling, reproducibility, yield, purity, cost, potency or quality.If we are unable to manufacture our product candidates in clinical quantities or, when necessary, in commercial quantities, then wewill need to rely on third parties to manufacture compounds for clinical and commercial purposes. These third-party manufacturers mustalso receive FDA approval before they can produce clinical material or commercial products. Our vaccines may be in competition withother products for access to these facilities and may be subject to delays in manufacture if third parties give other products greaterpriority. In addition, we may not be able to enter into any necessary third-party manufacturing arrangements on acceptable terms, or on atimely basis. In addition, we would have to enter into a technical transfer agreement and share our know-how with the third partymanufacturer.We rely on a limited number of suppliers for some of our manufacturing materials. Any problems experienced by any of thesesuppliers could negatively affect our operations.We rely on third-party suppliers and vendors for some of the materials used in the manufacture of our product candidates. Forsupply of early clinical trial materials, we rely on a limited number of suppliers. Any significant problem experienced by one of oursuppliers could result in a delay or interruption in the supply of materials to us until such supplier resolves the problem or an alternativesource of supply is located. We have limited experience with alternative sources of raw materials. Any delay or interruption couldnegatively affect our operations.We have limited marketing capabilities, and if we are unable to enter into collaborations with marketing partners or develop ourown sales and marketing capability, we may not be successful in commercializing any approved products.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities. As a result, we will depend on collaborations with third partiesthat have established distribution systems and sales forces. To the extent that we enter into co-promotion or other licensingarrangements, our revenues will depend upon the efforts of third parties, over which we may have little or no control. If we are unable toreach and maintain agreements with one or more pharmaceutical companies or collaborators, we may be required to market our productsdirectly. Developing a marketing and sale force is expensive and time consuming and could delay a product launch. We cannot becertain that we will be able to attract and retain qualified sales personnel or otherwise develop this capability.Our product candidates may never achieve market acceptance even if we obtain regulatory approvals.Even if we receive regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of our product candidates, the commercial success of these productcandidates will depend on, among other things, their acceptance by physicians, patients, third party payers such as health insurancecompanies and other members of the medical community as a therapeutic and cost-effective alternative to competing products andtreatments. If our product candidates fail to gain market acceptance, we may be unable to earn sufficient revenue to continue ourbusiness. Market acceptance of, and demand for, any product that we may develop and commercialize will depend on many factors,including: • Our ability to provide acceptable evidence of safety and efficacy; • The prevalence and severity of adverse side effects; • Availability, relative cost and relative efficacy of alternative and competing treatments; • The effectiveness of our marketing and distribution strategy;23 • Publicity concerning our products or competing products and treatments; and • Our ability to obtain sufficient third party insurance coverage or reimbursement.If our product candidates do not become widely accepted by physicians, patients, third party payers and other members of themedical community, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.If reforms in the health care industry make reimbursement for our potential products less likely, the market for our potentialproducts will be reduced, and we could lose potential sources of revenue.Our successes may depend, in part, on the extent to which reimbursement for the costs of therapeutic products and relatedtreatments will be available from third-party payers such as government health administration authorities, private health insurers,managed care programs, and other organizations. Over the past decade, the cost of health care has risen significantly, and there have beennumerous proposals by legislators, regulators, and third-party health care payers to curb these costs. Some of these proposals haveinvolved limitations on the amount of reimbursement for certain products. Similar federal or state health care legislation may be adoptedin the future and any products that we or our collaborators seek to commercialize may not be considered cost-effective. Adequate third-party insurance coverage may not be available for us to establish and maintain price levels that are sufficient for realization of anappropriate return on our investment in product development. Moreover, the existence or threat of cost control measures could cause ourcorporate collaborators to be less willing or able to pursue research and development programs related to our product candidates.REGULATORY RISKSWe may fail to obtain regulatory approval for our products on a timely basis or comply with our continuing regulatory obligationsafter approval is obtained.Delays in obtaining regulatory approval can be extremely costly in terms of lost sales opportunities, losing any potential marketingadvantage of being early to market and increased trial costs. The speed with which we begin and complete our preclinical trials necessaryto begin human studies, human clinical trials and our applications for marketing approval will depend on several factors, including thefollowing: • our ability to manufacture or obtain sufficient quantities of materials for use in necessary preclinical studies and clinical trials; • prior regulatory agency review and approval; • Institutional Review Board approval of the protocol and the informed consent form; • the rate of subject or patient enrollment and retention, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the subject orpatient population, the proximity of subjects and patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the study and the nature ofthe protocol; • negative test results or side effects experienced by trial participants; • analysis of data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities, which are susceptible to varying interpretations and whichinterpretations could delay, limit or prevent further studies or regulatory approval; • the availability of skilled and experienced staff to conduct and monitor clinical studies and to prepare the appropriate regulatoryapplications; and • changes in the policies of regulatory authorities for drug or vaccine approval during the period of product development.We have limited experience in conducting and managing the preclinical studies and clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatorymarketing approvals. We may not be permitted to continue or commence additional clinical trials. We also face the risk that the results ofour clinical trials may be inconsistent with the results obtained in preclinical studies or clinical trials of similar products, or that theresults obtained in later phases of clinical trials may be inconsistent with those obtained in earlier phases. A number of companies in thebiopharmaceutical and product24 development industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after experiencing promising results in earlyanimal and human testing.Regulatory agencies may require us or our collaborators to delay, restrict or discontinue clinical trials on various grounds,including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. In addition, we or our collaboratorsmay be unable to submit applications to regulatory agencies within the time frame we currently expect. Once submitted, applicationsmust be approved by various regulatory agencies before we or our collaborators can commercialize the product described in theapplication. All statutes and regulations governing the conduct of clinical trials are subject to change in the future, which could affectthe cost of such clinical trials. Any unanticipated costs or delays in our clinical studies could delay our ability to generate revenues andharm our financial condition and results of operations.Even if regulatory approval is received for our product candidates, the later discovery of previously unknown problems with aproduct, manufacturer or facility may result in restrictions, including withdrawal of the product from the market.Even if a product gains regulatory approval, such approval is likely to limit the indicated uses for which it may be marketed, andthe product and the manufacturer of the product will be subject to continuing regulatory review, including adverse event reportingrequirements and the FDA’s general prohibition against promoting products for unapproved uses. Failure to comply with any post-approval requirements can, among other things, result in warning letters, product seizures, recalls, substantial fines, injunctions,suspensions or revocations of marketing licenses, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions. Any of these enforcement actions, anyunanticipated changes in existing regulatory requirements or the adoption of new requirements, or any safety issues that arise with anyapproved products, could adversely affect our ability to market products and generate revenues and thus adversely affect our ability tocontinue our business.We also may be restricted or prohibited from marketing or manufacturing a product, even after obtaining product approval, ifpreviously unknown problems with the product or its manufacture are subsequently discovered and we cannot provide assurance thatnewly discovered or developed safety issues will not arise following any regulatory approval. With the use of any drug by a wide patientpopulation, serious adverse events may occur from time to time that initially do not appear to relate to the drug itself, and only if thespecific event occurs with some regularity over a period of time does the drug become suspect as having a causal relationship to theadverse event. Any safety issues could cause us to suspend or cease marketing of our approved products, possibly subject us tosubstantial liabilities, and adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and our financial condition.Failure to obtain regulatory approval in foreign jurisdictions would prevent us from marketing our products internationally.We intend to have our product candidates marketed outside the United States. In order to market our products in the EuropeanUnion and many other non-U.S. jurisdictions, we must obtain separate regulatory approvals and comply with numerous and varyingregulatory requirements. To date, we have not filed for marketing approval for any of our products candidates and may not receive theapprovals necessary to commercialize our product candidates in any market. The approval procedure varies among countries and caninvolve additional testing and data review. The time required to obtain foreign regulatory approval may differ from that required toobtain FDA approval. The foreign regulatory approval process may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval. Wemay not obtain foreign regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all. Approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatoryagencies in other foreign countries or by the FDA. However, a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one jurisdiction mayhave a negative effect on the regulatory approval process in other jurisdictions, including approval by the FDA. The failure to obtainregulatory approval in foreign jurisdictions could harm our business.25 Because we are subject to environmental, health and safety laws, we may be unable to conduct our business in the mostadvantageous manner.We are subject to various laws and regulations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices, theexperimental use of animals, emissions and wastewater discharges, and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardoussubstances used in connection with our research, including infectious disease agents. We also cannot accurately predict the extent ofregulations that might result from any future legislative or administrative action. Any of these laws or regulations could cause us to incuradditional expense or restrict our operations.Our facility in Maryland is subject to various local, state and federal laws and regulations relating to safe working conditions,laboratory and manufacturing practices, the experimental use of animals and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardoussubstances, including chemicals, microorganisms and various hazardous compounds used in connection with our research anddevelopment activities. In the United States, these laws include the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Toxic Test SubstancesControl Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge orinjury from these materials. Federal, state, and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal ofthese materials. We could be subject to civil damages in the event of an improper or unauthorized release of, or exposure of individualsto, these hazardous materials. In addition, claimants may sue us for injury or contamination that results from our use or the use by thirdparties of these materials, and our liability may exceed our total assets. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may beexpensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development or production efforts.Although we have general liability insurance, these policies contain exclusions from insurance against claims arising frompollution from chemical or pollution from conditions arising from our operations. Our collaborators are working with these types ofhazardous materials in connection with our collaborations. In the event of a lawsuit or investigation, we could be held responsible forany injury we or our collaborators cause to persons or property by exposure to, or release of, any hazardous materials. However, webelieve that we are currently in compliance with all applicable environmental and occupational health and safety regulations.INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RISKSOur success depends on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology.Our success in large part depends on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology and other trade secrets,including our proprietary drug delivery and biological technologies. To do so, we must prosecute and maintain existing patents, obtainnew patents and pursue trade secret and other intellectual property protection. We also must operate without infringing the proprietaryrights of third parties or allowing third parties infringe our rights. We currently have or have rights to over 99 United States patents andcorresponding foreign patents and patent applications covering our technologies. However, patent issues relating to pharmaceuticals andbiologics involve complex legal, scientific and factual questions. To date, no consistent policy has emerged regarding the breadth ofbiotechnology patent claims that are granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office or enforced by the federal courts.Therefore, we do not know whether our patent applications will result in the issuance of patents, or that any patents issued to us willprovide us with any competitive advantage. We also cannot be sure that we will develop additional proprietary products that arepatentable. Furthermore, there is a risk that others will independently develop or duplicate similar technology or products or circumventthe patents issued to us.There is a risk that third parties may challenge our existing patents or claim that we are infringing their patents or proprietary rights.We could incur substantial costs in defending patent infringement suits or in filing suits against others to have their patents declaredinvalid or claim infringement. It is also possible that we may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing third-party patents or other proprietary rights. We cannot be sure that such third-party licenses would be available to us on acceptable terms, ifat all. If we are unable to obtain required third-party licenses, we may be delayed in or prohibited from developing, manufacturing orselling products requiring such licenses.26 Although our patents include claims covering various features of our products and product candidates, including composition,methods of manufacture and use, our patents do not provide us with complete protection against the development of competingproducts. Some of our know-how and technology is not patentable. To protect our proprietary rights in unpatentable intellectualproperty and trade secrets, we require employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. Theseagreements may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information.If we infringe or are alleged to infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, it will adversely affect our business, financialcondition and results of operations.Our research, development and commercialization activities, including any product candidates or products resulting from theseactivities, may infringe or be claimed to infringe patents owned by third parties and to which we do not hold licenses or other rights.There may be rights we are not aware of, including applications that have been filed but not published that, when issued, could beasserted against us. These third parties could bring claims against us, and that would cause us to incur substantial expenses and, ifsuccessful against us, could cause us to pay substantial damages. Further, if a patent infringement suit were brought against us, we couldbe forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or biologic drug candidate that is the subject ofthe suit.As a result of patent infringement claims, or in order to avoid potential claims, we may choose or be required to seek a license fromthe third party. These licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Even if we are able to obtain a license, the licensewould likely obligate us to pay license fees or royalties or both, and the rights granted to us might be nonexclusive, which could resultin our competitors gaining access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, we could be prevented from commercializing a product,or be forced to cease some aspect of our business operations, if, as a result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, we areunable to enter into licenses on acceptable terms. All of the issues described above could also impact our collaborators, which wouldalso impact the success of the collaboration and therefore us.There has been substantial litigation and other proceedings regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in thepharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. In addition to infringement claims against us, we may become a party to other patentlitigation and other proceedings, including interference proceedings declared by the United States Patent and Trademark Office andopposition proceedings in the European Patent Office, regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our products andtechnology.We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or the patents of our collaborators or licensors, which couldbe expensive and time consuming.Competitors may infringe our patents or the patents of our collaborators or licensors. As a result, we may be required to fileinfringement claims to counter infringement for unauthorized use. This can be expensive, particularly for a company of our size, andtime-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours is not valid or is unenforceable, ormay refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover its technology. Anadverse determination of any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated orinterpreted narrowly and could put our patent applications at the risk of not issuing.Interference proceedings brought by the United States Patent and Trademark Office may be necessary to determine the priority ofinventions with respect to our patent applications or those of our collaborators or licensors. Litigation or interference proceedings mayfail and, even if successful, may result in substantial costs and distraction to our management. We may not be able, alone or with ourcollaborators and licensors, to prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights, particularly in countries where the laws may notprotect such rights as fully as in the United States.Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is arisk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, during thecourse of this kind of litigation, there could be public announcements of the27 results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If investors perceive these results to be negative, the marketprice for our common stock could be significantly harmed.We may need to license intellectual property from third parties and if our right to use the intellectual property we license is affected,our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates may be harmed.We expect that we will need to license intellectual property from third parties in the future and that these licenses will be materialto our business. We will not own the patents or patent applications that underlie these licenses, and we will not control the enforcementof the patents. We will rely upon our licensors to properly prosecute and file those patent applications and prevent infringement of thosepatents.Our license agreement with Wyeth Holdings Corporation, which gives us rights to a family of patent applications covering VLPtechnology for use in human vaccines in certain fields of use, is non-exclusive. These applications are very significant to our business.Payments since inception, under this agreement, have aggregated $4.8 million as of December 31, 2008 and are expected to aggregate anadditional $0.3 million during 2009, based on current planned clinical development and therefore, related milestones achieved underthe agreement. If each milestone is achieved for any particular product candidate, we would be obligated to pay an aggregate of$14 million to Wyeth Holdings for each product candidate developed and commercialized under the agreement. Achievement of eachmilestone is subject to many risks, including those described in these “Risk Factors.” Annual license maintenance fees under the WyethHoldings agreement aggregate $0.3 million per year. Our license with the University of Massachusetts gives us exclusive rights todevelop and commercialize vaccines incorporating certain virus-like particles for use in human vaccines.While many of the licenses under which we have rights provide us with rights in specified fields, the scope of our rights under theseand other licenses may be subject to dispute by our licensors or third parties. In addition, our rights to use these technologies andpractice the inventions claimed in the licensed patents and patent applications are subject to our licensors abiding by the terms of thoselicenses and not terminating them. Any of our licenses may be terminated by the licensor if we are in breach of a term or condition of thelicense agreement, or in certain other circumstances.Our product candidates and potential product candidates will require several components that may each be the subject of a licenseagreement. The cumulative license fees and royalties for these components may make the commercialization of these product candidatesuneconomical.If patent laws or the interpretation of patent laws change, our competitors may be able to develop and commercialize ourdiscoveries.Important legal issues remain to be resolved as to the extent and scope of available patent protection for biotechnology productsand processes in the United States and other important markets outside the United States, such as Europe and Japan. Foreign markets maynot provide the same level of patent protection as provided under the United States patent system. We expect that litigation oradministrative proceedings will likely be necessary to determine the validity and scope of certain of our and others’ proprietary rights.Any such litigation or proceeding may result in a significant commitment of resources in the future and could force us to do one or moreof the following: cease selling or using any of our products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property, which would adverselyaffect our revenue; obtain a license from the holder of the intellectual property right alleged to have been infringed, which license maynot be available on reasonable terms, if at all; and redesign our products to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights of thirdparties, which may be time-consuming or impossible to do. In addition, changes in, or different interpretations of, patent laws in theUnited States and other countries may result in patent laws that allow others to use our discoveries or develop and commercialize ourproducts. We cannot provide assurance that the patents we obtain or the unpatented technology we hold will afford us significantcommercial protection.28 RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREBecause our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile, the market price of our common stock may be lower ormore volatile than expected.Our stock price has been highly volatile. The stock market in general and the market for biotechnology companies in particularhave experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. From January 1,2008 through March 23, 2009, the closing price of our common stock has been as low as $0.56 per share and as high as $3.71 per share.The market price of our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including: • future announcements about our Company or our collaborators or competitors, including the results of testing, technologicalinnovations or new commercial products; • clinical trial results; • depletion of our cash reserves; • the approach of the maturity of our convertible notes on July 15, 2009 if additional capital is not raised, or the payment and/orconversion of our convertible notes; • sale of equity securities or issuance of additional debt; • announcement by us of significant strategic partnerships, collaborations, joint ventures, capital commitments or acquisitions; • changes in government regulations; • developments in our relationships with our collaboration partners; • announcements relating to health care reform and reimbursement levels for new drugs; • sales of substantial amounts of our stock by existing stockholders (including stock by insiders or 5% stockholders); • litigation; • public concern as to the safety of our products; • significant set-backs or concerns with the industry or the market as a whole; and • the other factors described in this “Risk Factor” section.The stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuation that have particularly affected the market price for manyemerging and biotechnology companies. These fluctuations have often been unrelated to the operating performance of these companies.These broad market fluctuations may cause the market price of our common stock to be lower or more volatile than expected.We have never paid dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying any such dividends in the foreseeable future.We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain all of our earnings for use inthe development of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, capitalappreciation, if any, of our common stock would be the only source of gain for stockholders until dividends are paid, if at all.Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws, Delaware law, and our Shareholder Rights Plan could delay or preventthe acquisition of the Company, even if such acquisition would be beneficial to stockholders, and could impede changes in ourBoard.Our organizational documents could hamper a third party’s attempt to acquire, or discourage a third party from attempting toacquire control of, the Company. We have also adopted a shareholder rights plan, or “poison pill,” that29 empowers our Board to delay or negotiate, and thereby possibly thwart, any tender offer or takeover attempt the Board opposes.Stockholders who wish to participate in these transactions may not have the opportunity to do so. These provisions also could limit theprice investors are willing to pay in the future for our securities and make it more difficult to change the composition of our Board in anyone year. These provisions include the right of the Board to issue preferred stock with rights senior to those of common stock withoutany further vote or action by stockholders, the existence of a staggered Board with three classes of directors serving staggered three-yearterms and advance notice requirements for stockholders to nominate directors and make proposals.The Company also is afforded the protections of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which will prevent us fromengaging in a business combination with a person who acquires at least 15% of our common stock for a period of three years from thedate such person acquired such common stock, unless advance board or stock holder approval was obtained.Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our Board of Director or management could deterpotential acquirers or prevent the completion of a transaction in which our stockholders could receive a substantial premium over thethen current market price for their shares.Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.Item 2. PROPERTIESWe have current operations in one leased facility. We lease approximately 51,200 square feet in Rockville, Maryland, which servesas our corporate headquarters and includes administrative offices, vaccine research and development, as well as manufacture of earlystage clinical supplies. We lease approximately 13,900 square feet at another facility in Rockville, Maryland which was used for contractvaccine research, development and manufacturing of early stage clinical supplies through September 2008, when we consolidated ourresearch and development and manufacturing activities into our one corporate facility. We continue to lease approximately32,900 square feet for administrative office and research and development space at our former corporate headquarters in Malvern,Pennsylvania of which approximately 28,000 square feet is being subleased. Our manufacturing facility for Estrasorb and other contractmanufacturing was located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where we leased approximately 24,000 square feet of manufacturing space.This facility was vacated in August 2008. We believe that our corporate facility in Rockville, Maryland is sufficient for our currentneeds. We have additional space in our current facility to accommodate our anticipated growth over the next several years.A summary of our current facilities is set forth below. Approximate Property Location Square Footage Rockville, MD 51,200 Corporate headquarters and vaccine research and developmentRockville, MD 13,900 Former vaccine research and development and early clinical phase manufacturingMalvern, PA 32,900 Former corporate headquarters and research and developmentTotal square footage 98,000 Malvern, PA sublease (32,900) Net square footage 70,000 Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSNone.Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERSNo matters were submitted to a vote of our security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.30 PART IIItem 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERSOur common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “NVAX”. The following table sets forth the range ofhigh and low closing sale prices for our common stock as reported on The NASDAQ Global Market for each quarter in the two mostrecent years:Quarter Ended High Low January 1, 2009 to March 23, 2009 $2.04 $0.56 December 31, 2008 $3.03 $1.22 September 30, 2008 $3.42 $2.05 June 30, 2008 $3.10 $2.24 March 31, 2008 $3.71 $2.30 December 31, 2007 $4.20 $3.00 September 30, 2007 $3.72 $2.74 June 30, 2007 $3.46 $2.71 March 31, 2007 $4.50 $2.59 On March 23, 2009, the last sale price reported on The NASDAQ Global Market for our common stock was $0.80. Our commonstock was held by approximately 554 stockholders of record as of March 23, 2009, one of which is Cede & Co., a nominee for DepositoryTrust Company (or “DTC”). All of the shares of common stock held by brokerage firms, banks and other financial institutions asnominees for beneficial owners are deposited into participant accounts at DTC, and are therefore considered to be held of record byCede & Co. as one stockholder. We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock since our inception. We do not anticipatedeclaring or paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.Securities Authorized for Issuance under our Equity Compensation PlansInformation regarding our equity compensation plans, including both stockholder approved plans and non-stockholder approvedplans, is included in Item 12. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered SecuritiesOn July 31, 2008, we completed a registered direct offering of 6,686,650 units (the “Units”), with each unit consisting of one shareof common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.5 shares of common stock at a price of $2.68 per unit (or $2.8425 per unit for units sold toaffiliates of the Company). The warrants represent the right to acquire 3,343,325 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.62 pershare and are exercisable between January 30, 2009 and July 31, 2013. The net proceeds were approximately $17.4 million. Thepurchasers in the offering were comprised of current and new institutional shareholders and affiliates of the Company. The securitiesdescribed above were offered by the Company pursuant to a registration statement previously filed and declared effective by theSecurities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). As of December 31, 2008, all of the proceeds of this offering have been used for pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of our VLP-based vaccines, internal research and development programs, working capital, capitalexpenditures and other general corporate purposes.31 On January 12, 2009 the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”), with Wm Smith &Co. (“Wm Smith”), under which the Company may sell an aggregate of up to $25,000,000 in gross proceeds of the Company’s commonstock from time to time through Wm Smith, as the agent for the offer and sale of the common stock. The board of directors has authorizedthe sale of up to 12,500,000 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement. Based on the trading price of our common stock, wemay not be able to sell all 12,500,000 shares or we may not be able to raise the full $25,000,000 in gross proceeds permitted under theSales Agreement. Wm Smith may sell the common stock by any method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an “at themarket” offering as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly on NASDAQ GlobalMarket, on any other existing trading market for the common stock or to or through a market maker. Wm Smith may also sell thecommon stock in privately negotiated transactions, subject to the Company’s prior approval. As of March 23, 2009, the Company sold70,500 shares and received net proceeds in the amount of $121,457 under the Sales Agreement. The securities described above wereoffered by the Company pursuant to a registration statement previously filed and declared effective by the SEC. All of the proceeds ofthis offering will be used for pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of our VLP-based vaccines, internal research and developmentprograms, working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes.On March 31, 2009, the Company entered into a binding non-cancellable stock purchase agreement to sell 12.5 million shares ofcommon stock to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cadila for $0.88 per share. The Company expects to receive net proceeds in the amountof $10.65 million. This transaction is expected to close on April 1, 2009. These securities were offered by the Company pursuant to aregistration statement previously filed and declared effective with the SEC. The proceeds will be used to pay a portion of the Company’sconvertible notes due on July 15, 2009 and for a variety of other corporate purposes, including internal research and developmentprograms, working capital, and other general corporate purposes.32 The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholders return on the Common Stock of the Company for the last fiscal yearswith the cumulative total return on the NASDAQ Stock Market (United States and Foreign) Index and the NASDAQ PharmaceuticalIndex (which includes Novavax) over the same period, assuming the investment of $100 in the Company’s Common Stock, theNASDAQ Stock Market (United States and Foreign) Index and the NASDAQ’s Pharmaceutical Index on December 31, 2003, andinvestments of all dividends. The graph and note below assume the investment of $100 on December 31, 2003 in our common stock, theNASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Pharmaceutical Index and assumes any dividends are reinvested.COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*Among Novavax, Inc., The NASDAQ Composite IndexAnd The NASDAQ Pharmaceutical Index 12/31/03 12/31/04 12/31/05 12/31/06 12/31/07 12/31/08Novavax, Inc. $100 $54.33 $64.17 $68.33 $55.50 $31.50 NASDAQ Composite Index (United Statesand Foreign) $100 $110.06 $112.92 $126.61 $138.33 $80.65 NASDAQ Pharmaceutical Index $100 $110.37 $112.07 $115.01 $106.58 $97.41 This graph is not “soliciting material”, is not deemed “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to beincorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whethermade before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.33 Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATAThe following table sets forth selected financial data for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2008. Theinformation below should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion andAnalysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. These historicalresults are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for future periods. For The Years Ended December 31, 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (In thousands, except per share data) Statements of Operations Data: Revenues $6,498 $5,343 $1,738 $1,513 $1,064 Loss from operations (21,933) (4,316) (21,116) (30,271) (34,360)Loss from continuing operations (23,389) (6,319) (19,577) (28,590) (36,322)(Loss) income from discontinued operations (2,531) (4,855) (3,491) (6,175) 273 Net loss (25,920) (11,174) (23,068) (34,765) (36,049)Basic and diluted net loss per share: Loss per share from continuing operations $(0.63) $(0.15) $(0.33) $(0.47) (0.53)(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations (0.07) (0.11) (0.06) (0.10) — Basic and diluted net loss per share $(0.70) $(0.26) $(0.39) $(0.57) (0.53)Shares used in computing basic and diluted net lossper share 36,926,034 42,758,302 58,664,365 61,101,474 68,174,338 As of December 31, 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Balance Sheet Data: Cash and investments $17,876 $31,893 $73,595 $46,489 $33,900 Total current assets 23,937 37,611 77,342 49,016 35,096 Working capital 15,361 32,735 72,003 42,810 7,379 Total assets 77,993 84,382 121,877 91,291 76,625 Long term debt, less current portion 35,970 29,678 22,458 21,629 480 Accumulated deficit (130,720) (141,894) (164,962) (199,727) (235,776)Total stockholders’ equity 33,281 49,652 94,001 63,065 45,489 Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSCertain statements contained herein or as may otherwise be incorporated by reference herein constitute “forward-lookingstatements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include, but are notlimited to, statements regarding future product development and related clinical trials and future research and development, includingFood and Drug Administration approval and product sales. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks,uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company, or industry results, tobe materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements or historicalexperience include risks and uncertainties, including our ability to raise capital through public or private equity and/or debt financings;the maturity of our convertible notes on July 15, 2009, and our34 obligation to pay at least $11 million in cash upon maturity, absent a conversion or amendment to the convertible notes prior to theirmaturity, the failure by Novavax to secure and maintain relationships with collaborators; risks relating to the early stage of Novavax’sproduct candidates under development; uncertainties relating to commencing clinical trials and their outcome; risks relating to thesupply and commercialization, if any, of Novavax’s proposed product candidates; dependence on the efforts of third parties; dependenceon intellectual property; and competition for clinical resources and patient enrollment from drug candidates in development by othercompanies with greater resources and visibility.All forward-looking statements contained in this annual report are based on information available to the Company on the datehereof, and the Company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements, except as specifically required by law.Accordingly, past results and trends should not be used to anticipate future results or trends.OverviewNovavax, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Novavax” or the “Company”), was incorporated in 1987, and is a clinical-stagebiopharmaceutical company focused on creating differentiated, value-added vaccines that improve upon current preventive options for arange of infectious diseases. These vaccines leverage the Company’s virus-like-particle (“VLP”) platform technology coupled with aunique, disposable production technology. The Company produces these VLP based, potent, recombinant vaccines utilizing new andefficient manufacturing approaches.VLPs are genetically engineered three-dimensional nanostructures, which incorporate immunologically important lipids andrecombinant proteins. Our VLPs resemble the virus but lack the genetic material to replicate the virus. Our proprietary productiontechnology uses insect cells rather then chicken eggs or mammalian cells. The Company’s current product targets include vaccinesagainst the H5N1 and other subtypes of avian influenza with pandemic potential, human seasonal influenza, Varicella Zoster, whichcauses shingles, and a Respiratory Syncytial Virus (“RSV”). RSV vaccine was recently announced on October 30, 2008.We made significant progress in 2008 and 2007 in our vaccine that targets the H5N1 avian influenza with pandemic potential. InDecember 2007, we announced favorable interim results for a Phase I clinical trial which began in July 2007 for our pandemic influenzavaccine, that demonstrated immunogenicity and safety. In August 2008, we received favorable results from a Phase I/IIa trial which wasconducted to gather additional patient immunogenicity and safety data, as well as to determine a final dose, which demonstrated strongneutralizing antibody titers across all three doses tested. Although the safety data are still blinded pending complete safety follow-up,there were no serious adverse events reported. In February 2009, we announced that the vaccine induced robust hemagglutinationinhibition (“HAI”) responses, which have been shown to be important for protection against influenza disease. We only intend to initiatefurther human clinical trials for our pandemic influenza vaccine, which would be required for regulatory approval, with a collaborativepartner.We also progressed development of our VLP trivalent vaccine that targets seasonal influenza virus in 2008 and 2007. In December2008, we announced favorable safety and immunogenicity results from our Phase IIa seasonal study in healthy adults which wecommenced in September 2008 to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different doses of our seasonal influenza vaccine. Weobserved a slightly different safety profile (non-serious adverse events) from our Phase IIa trial of our pandemic VLP vaccine, and plan toreview and analyze the dose response curve as well as the safety data from the healthy adult seasonal trial before commencing a seasonalinfluenza dose ranging study in the elderly (>65 years of age) next year. Further seasonal studies are planned in 2009. We intend to seeka collaborative partner for our seasonal influenza vaccine upon completion of additional Phase II clinical studies, which are expected tobe completed by the end of 2009.We have also developed vaccine candidates for both RSV and VZV, both of which are currently being evaluated in preclinicalstudies. To date, preliminary data have shown that an RSV vaccine candidate has shown positive results in two separate studies withmice. In December 2008, Novavax and the University of Massachusetts jointly announced favorable results from a preclinical study toevaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of an RSV vaccine candidate in mice. The RSV VLP vaccine induced strong antibodyresponses against RSV. In February 2009, we announced favorable results from an RSV preclinical study performed in mice against theviral fusion (“F”) protein, which fuses with cells in the respiratory tract and causes illness. A VZV vaccine candidate has also35 induced antibody and T-cell responses. We plan on moving forward with further preclinical development of both vaccines in 2009.Our vaccine products currently under development or in clinical trials will require significant additional research and developmentefforts, including extensive pre-clinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval, prior to commercial use. There can be no assurancethat our research and development efforts will be successful or that any potential products will prove to be safe and effective in clinicaltrials. Even if developed, these vaccine products may not receive regulatory approval or be successfully introduced and marketed atprices that would permit us to operate profitably. The commercial launch of any vaccine product is subject to certain risks including butnot limited to, manufacturing scale-up and market acceptance. No assurance can be given that we can generate sufficient productrevenue to become profitable or generate positive cash flow from operations at all or on a sustained basis.We also have a drug delivery platform based on our micellar nanoparticle (“MNP”) technology, proprietary oil and water nanoemulsions used for the topical delivery of drug. The MNP technology was the basis for the development of our first FDA approvalestrogen replacement product known as Estrasorb. In February 2008, we sold our assets related to Estrasorb in the United States, Canadaand Mexico to Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Graceway”) and terminated the Estrasorb license agreement with Allergan. Weengaged an investment bank to aid in the search for potential buyers or licensees in fields of use outside vaccines, but were notsuccessful. Accordingly, we fully impaired these assets by recording a charge in the amount of $846,000.Summary of Significant TransactionsOn March 31, 2009, Company and Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of India (“Cadila”) enteredinto a Joint Venture Agreement (the “JVA”) pursuant to which the Company and Cadila formed CPL Biologicals Limited, a joint venture(the “JV”), of which 80% will be owned by Cadila and 20% is owned by the Company. The JV must obtain approval from India’sForeign Investment Promotion Board (the “FIPB”) prior to issuing shares to Novavax. The JV will develop and commercialize theCompany’s seasonal influenza virus-like-particle (VLP)-based vaccine candidate and Cadila’s therapeutic vaccine candidates againstcancer as well as its adjuvants, biogeneric products and other diagnostic products for the territory of India. Novavax will also contributeto the JV technology for the development of several other VLP vaccine candidates against diseases of public health concern in theterritory, such as hepatitis E and chikungunya fever. Cadila will contribute approximately $8 million over three years to support the JV’soperations. The JV will be responsible for clinical testing and registration of products that will be marketed and sold in India.The board of directors of the JV consists of five members, three of whom (including the Chairman of the board) are nominated byCadila and two of whom are nominated by Novavax. If the board is not in unanimous agreement on an issue, the CEOs of the Companyand Cadila will work to resolve the issue. If the CEOs cannot resolve the issue in five business days, a vote by the majority of the boardwill decide. However, the approval of the Company and Cadila, as shareholders of the JV, and the board of directors of the JV is requiredfor (1) the sale of all or most of the assets of the JV, (2) a change in control of the JV, (3) the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of theJV, (4) any occurrence of indebtedness that results in the JV having a debt-to-equity ratio of 3-to-1 or greater, or (5) most amendments ofthe JVA or the JV’s Articles of Association.The JV has the right to negotiate a definitive agreement for rights to for certain future Novavax products (other than RSV) andcertain future Cadila products in India prior to Novavax or Cadila licensing such rights to a third party. Novavax has the right tonegotiate the licensing of vaccines developed by the joint venture using Novavax’s technology for commercialization in every countryexcept for India and vaccines developed by the joint venture using Cadila’s technology for commercialization in certain other countries,including the United States.In connection with the JVA, on March 31, 2009, the Company also entered into license agreement, an option to enter into a licenseagreement, a technical services agreement and a supply agreement with the JV.Also on March 31, 2009, Novavax entered into a binding, non-cancellable Stock Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with SatelliteOverseas (Holdings) Limited (“SOHL”), a subsidiary of Cadila, pursuant to which SOHL has agreed to purchase 12.5 million shares ofCompany common stock, par value $0.01 (the “Common Stock”) at the36 market price of $0.88 per share. Novavax expects to deliver the shares of Common Stock on April 1, 2009. The Company expects to raisegross proceeds of $11 million in the offering. The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Common Stock, after deductingestimated offering expenses payable by the Company, is approximately $10.65 million.The SPA provides that, as long as SOHL owns more than 5% of the Company’s then-outstanding Common Stock, SOHL maypurchase a pro-rata portion of any Company Common Stock sale or issuance. Under the SPA, certain issuances are exempt from SOHL’spre-emptive right, including shares issued (1) as stock dividends, stock splits, or otherwise payable pro rata to all holders of CommonStock; (2) to employees, officers, directors or consultants of the Company pursuant to an employee benefit program; (3) upon theconversion or exercise of any options, warrants or other rights to purchase Common Stock; and (4) as consideration for a merger,consolidation, purchase of assets, or in connection with a joint venture or strategic partnership. However, any issuances pursuant to(4) above, must be approved by a majority of the full board and, if the transaction exceeds 5% of the Company’s then issued andoutstanding shares of Common Stock, the per share purchase price cannot be less than $0.88.Under the SPA, for so long as SOHL owns 5% of the Company’s Common Stock, SOHL may designate one member of theCompany’s board of directors.Finally, on March 31, 2009, Novavax and Cadila entered into a Master Services Agreement (the “Master Services Agreement”)pursuant to which Novavax may request services from Cadila in the areas of biologics research, preclinical development, clinicaldevelopment, process development, manufacturing scale up, and general manufacturing related services in India. If, at the thirdanniversary of the Master Services Agreement, the amount of services provided by Cadila is less than $7.5 million, Novavax will payCadila a portion of the shortfall. Novavax will have to pay Cadila the portion of the shortfall amount that is less than or equal to$2.0 million and 50% of the portion of the shortfall amount that exceeds $2.0 million. When calculating the shortfall, the amount ofservices provided by Cadila includes amounts that have been paid under all project plans, the amounts that will be paid under ongoingexecuted project plans and amounts for services that had been offered to Cadila, that Cadila was capable of performing, but exercised itsright not to accept such project. The term of the Master Services Agreement is five years, but may be terminated by either party if there isa material breach that is not cured within 30 days of notice or, at any time after three years, provided that 90 days prior notice is given tothe other party.At the Market IssuanceOn January 12, 2009 we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”), with Wm Smith & Co. (“WmSmith”), under which we may sell an aggregate of up to $25 million in gross proceeds of our common stock from time to time throughWm Smith, as the agent for the offer and sale of the common stock. The Board of Directors has authorized the sale of up to12,500,000 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement. Based on the trading price of our common stock, we may not be able tosell all 12,500,000 shares or we may not be able to raise the full $25 million in gross proceeds permitted under the Sales Agreement. WmSmith may sell the common stock by any method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an “at the market” offering as definedin Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly on NASDAQ Global Market, on any other existingtrading market for the common stock or to or through a market maker. Wm Smith may also sell the common stock in privately negotiatedtransactions, subject to the Company’s prior approval. We will pay Wm Smith a commission equal to 3% of the gross proceeds of thesales price of all common stock sold through it as sales agent under the Agreement. In the first quarter of 2009, we sold 70,500 shares andreceived net proceeds in the amount of $121,457, under the Sales Agreement.Facility Exit CostsIn July 2007, we decided to consolidate our research and development and manufacturing activities into our facility at BelwardCampus Drive in Rockville, Maryland by closing our Taft Court facility in Rockville, Maryland. The Taft Court location was used tosupport the manufacturing requirements for early stage clinical trial materials for our VLP vaccine candidates. Our new GMP pilotmanufacturing facility located at our Belward Campus Drive location will be used to support clinical trials and may also be used forfuture commercialization quantities of our VLP vaccines. The move commenced in September 2008 and was completed on October 17,2008.37 For the year ended December 31, 2008, we included $356,000 in research and development costs in the accompanyingconsolidated statement of operations, which represents the fair value of the remaining lease payments. This amount has not been reducedby any estimated sublease rentals as we do not anticipate receiving and do not have any current proposals to sub-let this space.Our accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 include $296,000 related to the remaining leasepayments. For the year ended December 31, 2008, research and development costs on our consolidated statement of operations include$148,000 associated with the impairment of these leasehold improvements. In October 2008, we disposed of these leaseholdimprovements.Registered Direct OfferingOn July 31, 2008, we completed a registered direct offering of 6,686,650 units (the “Units”), with each unit consisting of one shareof common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.5 shares of common stock at a price of $2.68 per unit (or $2.8425 per unit for units sold toaffiliates of the Company). The warrants represent the right to acquire 3,343,325 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.62 pershare and are exercisable between January 30, 2009 and July 31, 2013. The net proceeds were approximately $17.4 million. Thepurchasers in the offering were comprised of current and new institutional shareholders and affiliates of the Company. The securitiesdescribed above were offered by the Company pursuant to a registration statement previously filed and declared effective by theSecurities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).We estimated the fair value attributable to the warrants of approximately $4.1 million as of the date of grant by applying the Black-Scholes pricing valuation model. The Black-Scholes pricing model utilized the following assumptions: a risk-free interest rate of 3.30%,expected volatility of 80.32%, and expected term of 5.0 years and a warrant issue date stock price of $2.52. The fair value of the warrantsis included in additional paid-in-capital on our consolidated balance sheet.Belward Lease AmendmentOn June 26, 2008, we amended the lease for our corporate headquarters at 9920 Belward Campus Drive in Rockville, Maryland.The amendment (1) extended the terms of the lease to January 31, 2017, (2) provided that the landlord reimburse Novavax for$3.0 million in leasehold improvements (the “Allowance”) and (3) increased the monthly installments of base rent going forward by anamount equal to the monthly amortization of the allowance over the remaining term of the lease at 11% interest, or an additional$45,132 per month. The additional monthly rent is subject to the annual 2.125% escalation included in the original lease. On June 27,2008, we received $3.0 million from the landlord as reimbursement for leasehold improvements. The amount was recorded as deferredrent on the balance sheet and is being amortized as a credit to rent expense over the remaining lease term.Graceway AgreementsIn February 2008, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Graceway”), pursuant towhich Novavax sold Graceway its assets related to Estrasorb in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The assets sold include certainpatents related to the MNP technology, trademarks, know-how, manufacturing equipment, customer and supplier relations, goodwill andother assets. We retained the rights to commercialize Estrasorb outside of the United States, Canada and Mexico.In February 2008, Novavax and Graceway also entered into a supply agreement, pursuant to which Novavax manufacturedadditional units of Estrasorb with final delivery completed in July 2008. Graceway is paying a preset transfer price per unit of Estrasorbfor the supply of this product. Because Novavax has delivered the required quantity of Estrasorb, Novavax was required to clean themanufacturing equipment and prepare the equipment for transport. Graceway removed the equipment from the manufacturing facilityand Novavax exited the facility in August 2008.In February 2008, Novavax and Graceway also entered into a license agreement, pursuant to which Graceway granted Novavax anexclusive, non-transferable (except for certain allowed assignments and sublicenses), royalty-free, limited license to the patents andknow-how that Novavax sold to Graceway pursuant to the asset purchase38 agreement. The license grant allows Novavax to make, use and sell licensed products and services in certain, limited fields.The net cash proceeds from these transactions were in excess of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The license andsupply agreements with Allergan, Inc., successor-in-interest to Esprit Pharma, Inc., were terminated in February 2008 and October 2007,respectively.License Agreement with Wyeth Holdings CorporationOn July 5, 2007, we entered into a License Agreement with Wyeth Holdings Corporation, a subsidiary of Wyeth (“Wyeth”). Thelicense is a non-exclusive, worldwide license to a family of patent applications covering VLP technology for use in human vaccines incertain fields of use. The agreement provides for an upfront payment, annual license fees, milestone payments and royalties on anyproduct sales. If each milestone is achieved for any particular product candidate, the Company would be obligated to pay an aggregateof $14 million to Wyeth Holdings for each product candidate developed and commercialized under the agreement. Achievement of eachmilestone is subject to many risks, including those described in the Company’s Risk Factors. Annual license maintenance fees under theWyeth Holdings agreement aggregate $0.3 million per year. The royalty to be paid by the Company under the agreement, if a product isapproved by the FDA for commercialization, will be based on single digit percentage of net sales. Payments under the agreement toWyeth as of December 31, 2008 aggregated $4.8 million and could aggregate up to an additional $0.3 million in 2009, depending onthe achievement of clinical development milestones. The agreement will remain effective as long as at least one claim of the licensedpatent rights cover the manufacture, sale or use of any product unless terminated sooner at Novavax’s option or by Wyeth for an uncuredbreach by Novavax.License Agreement with University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolEffective February 26, 2007, we entered into a worldwide agreement to exclusively license a VLP technology from the Universityof Massachusetts Medical School (“UMMS”). Under the agreement, we have the right to use this technology to develop VLP vaccinesfor the prevention of any viral diseases in humans. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we made payments to UMMS in an aggregateamount that is not material to the Company. In addition, we will make certain payments based on development milestones as well asfuture royalties on any sales of products that may be developed using the technology. The Company believes that all payments underthe UMMS agreement will not be material to the Company in the foreseeable future. The UMMS agreement will remain effective as longas at least one claim of the licensed patent rights cover the manufacture, sale or use of any product unless terminated sooner at Novavax’soption or by UMMS for an uncured breach by Novavax.Sublease Agreement with PuriCore, Inc.In April 2006, we entered into a sublease agreement with Sterilox Technologies, Inc. (now known as PuriCore, Inc.) to sublease20,469 square feet of the Company’s Malvern, Pennsylvania corporate headquarters at a premium price per square foot. The sublease,with a commencement date of July 1, 2006, expires on September 30, 2009. This sublease resulted from our corporate move to Rockville,Maryland. In October 2006, we entered into a lease for an additional 51,000 square feet in Rockville, Maryland. Accordingly, in October2006, the Company entered into an amendment to the Sublease Agreement with PuriCore, Inc. to sublease an additional 7,500 squarefeet of the Malvern corporate headquarters at a premium price per square foot. This amendment has a commencement date of October 25,2006 and expires concurrent with the initial lease on September 30, 2009. In March 2009, the Company further amended the subleasewith PuriCore. The amendment, which is effective as of November 1, 2008, extends the term of the sublease until September 30, 2011,expands the sublease premises to include all of the approximately 32,900 rentable square feet and grants PuriCore the option to renewthe lease for an additional three-year term.Convertible NotesOn June 15, 2007, we entered into amendment agreements (the “Amendments”) with each of the holders of the outstanding4.75% senior convertible notes (the “Notes”) to amend the terms of the Notes. As of December 31, 2008, $22.0 million aggregateprincipal amount remained outstanding under the Notes. The Amendments39 (i) lowered the conversion price from $5.46 to $4.00 per share, (ii) eliminated the holders’ right to require the Company to redeem theNotes if the weighted average price of the Company’s common stock is less than the conversion price on 30 of the 40 consecutivetrading days preceding July 19, 2007 or July 19, 2008 and (iii) mandated that the Notes be converted into Company common stock if theweighted average price of the Company’s common stock is greater than $7.00 (a decrease from $9.56) in any 15 out of 30 consecutivetrading days after July 19, 2007. The number of shares to be issued as repayment is determined by dividing the amount of the maturitydate payment to be paid in shares by the “redemption conversion price.” The redemption conversion price is 95% of the arithmeticaverage of the “weighted average price” of the common stock on each trading day during the “measurement period.” The weightedaverage price is the dollar volume-weighted price on NASDAQ as reported by Bloomberg. The measurement period is the 20 consecutivetrading days ending on and including the second trading day preceding the maturity date.We determined the change in the value of the conversion option and have reduced the convertible debt amount by $852,000related to this amendment, which beginning on June 30, 2007, is being accreted over the remaining term (through July 15, 2009) of theconvertible notes as interest expense.The Notes mature on July 15, 2009. Under the terms of the Notes, Novavax, at its option, can pay up to 50% of the outstandingNotes in Novavax common stock on the due date of July 15, 2009, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including, amongother things, a requirement that the shares issued upon conversion be registered or freely tradable without registration, that Novavax’sshares of common stock have not been suspended from trading on NASDAQ during the applicable measurement period, there is nothreatened delisting or suspension, and that the Company is otherwise in compliance with its agreements with the Note holders. Theamount of shares that may be issued at maturity may be subject to adjustment depending on the Note holder’s percentage ownership ofthe Company on an as-converted basis and if our stock price falls below $2.00 during the measurement period. As a result, we will haveto pay at least $11 million in cash to satisfy the Notes on the due date unless the notes are converted into common stock, redeemed oramended.Notes with Former DirectorsIn March 2002, pursuant to the Novavax, Inc. 1995 Stock Option Plan, we approved the payment of the exercise price of options bytwo of our directors through the delivery of full-recourse, interest-bearing promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $1,480,000. Thenotes were secured by an aggregate of 261,667 shares of our common stock.In May 2006, one of these directors resigned from the Company’s board of directors. Following his resignation, we approved anextension of the former director’s $448,000 note to be payable on December 31, 2007, or earlier to the extent of the net proceeds fromany sale of the pledged shares. We entered into negotiations with the former director to extend the loan in January 2008. As ofDecember 31, 2007, the interest accrued on this note totaled $131,000 and was fully reserved since management believes thecollectability of this amount is uncertain. On May 7, 2008 the Company and the former director entered into an Amended and RestatedPromissory Note and an Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement (the “Amendment”).The Amendment restates the entire amount outstanding as of December 31, 2007, including accrued interest, or $578,848, as thenew outstanding principal amount. Furthermore, the Amendment extends the maturity date of the note to June 30, 2009, permits theCompany to sell the pledged shares if the market price of the common stock as reported on NASDAQ Global Market exceeds certaintargets, increases the interest rate to 8.0% and stipulates quarterly payments beginning June 30, 2008. We received the first payment of$50,000 in July 2008 and a second payment of $5,000 in October 2008. In January 2009, we received an additional payment of $10,000.In March 2007, the other director resigned. Following his resignation, we approved an extension of the former director’s$1,031,668 note. The note continues to accrue interest at 5.07% per annum and is secured by shares of common stock owned by theformer director and is payable on June 30, 2009, or earlier to the extent of the net proceeds from any sale of the pledged shares. Inaddition, we have the option to sell the pledged shares on behalf of the former director at any time that the market price of our commonstock, as reported on NASDAQ Global Market, exceeds $7.00 per share. As of December 31, 2007, the interest accrued on this notetotaled $302,000 and was fully reserved since management believes collectability of this amount is uncertain.40 We continue to actively work with these two individuals to collect the amounts outstanding and reserve our rights to pursue theremedies available to us. Due to heightened sensitivity in the current environment surrounding related-party transactions and theextensions of the maturity dates, these transactions could be viewed negatively in the market and our stock price could be negativelyaffected.Critical Accounting Policies and Use of EstimatesOur discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financialstatements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reportedamounts of assets, liabilities and equity and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and thereported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates, particularly estimates relating to revenuerecognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, accounting for stock based compensation, goodwill, valuation of net deferred tax assets,and the valuation of our investments, have a material impact on our financial statements and are discussed in detail throughout ouranalysis of the results of operations discussed below.We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under thecircumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets, liabilities and equity that arenot readily apparent from other sources. Actual results and outcomes could differ from these estimates and assumptions.Revenue Recognition and AllowancesThe Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition(“SAB No. 104”). For product sales, revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of anarrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. The Companyestablishes allowances for estimated uncollectible amounts, product returns, rebates and charge backs based on historical trends andspecifically identified problem accounts.For upfront payments and licensing fees related to contract research or technology, the Company follows the provisions ofSAB No. 104 in determining if these payments and fees represent the culmination of a separate earnings process or if they should bedeferred and recognized as revenue as earned over the life of the related agreement. Milestone payments are recognized as revenue uponachievement of contract-specified events and when there are no remaining performance obligations. Revenue earned under researchcontracts is recognized in accordance with the terms and conditions of such contracts for reimbursement of costs incurred and definedmilestones.Stock Based CompensationWe account for our stock options in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123 (revised), Accountingfor Stock-Based Compensation (“SFAS No. 123R”). This standard requires us to measure the cost of employee services received inexchange for equity share options granted based on the grant-date fair value of the options. Under the provisions of SFAS 123R,employee stock-based compensation is estimated at the date of grant based on the award’s fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requiresthe use of certain assumptions, the most significant of which are our estimates of the expected volatility of the market price of our stock,the expected term of the award, and the risk-free interest rate. Our estimate of the expected volatility is based on historical volatility. Theexpected term represents the period during which our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. In 2008 we estimated thisamount based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the awards, vestingrequirements, and expectation of future employee behavior, including post-vesting terminations. Our estimate of the risk-free interestrate is based on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities close to the expected term of the option as of the date of grant. As requiredunder SFAS 123R, we review our valuation assumptions at each grant date and, as a result, our assumptions in future41 periods may change. Also, the accounting estimate of stock-based compensation expense is reasonably likely to change from period toperiod as further stock options are granted and adjustments are made for stock option forfeitures and cancellations.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development costs are expensed as incurred. Such costs include internal research and development expenditures(such as salaries and benefits, raw materials and supplies) and contracted services (such as sponsored research, consulting and testingservices) of proprietary research and development activities and similar expenses associated with collaborative research agreements.Income TaxesWe account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”) and FASBInterpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, as amended by FASBStaff Position No. 48-1 (“FIN 48”). Under SFAS 109 and FIN 48, we must recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected futuretax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Income tax receivablesand liabilities, and deferred tax assets and liabilities, are recognized based on the amounts that more likely than not would be sustainedupon ultimate settlement with taxing authorities.Developing our provision for income taxes and analyzing our tax positions requires significant judgment and knowledge of federaland state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, any valuationallowances that may be required for deferred tax assets.We assess the likelihood of realizing our deferred tax assets to determine whether an income tax valuation allowance is required.Based on such evidence that can be objectively verified, we determine whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of thedeferred tax assets will be realized. The main factors that we consider include: • cumulative losses in recent years; • income/losses expected in future years; and • the applicable statute of limitations.Tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized in the period in which one of the following conditions issatisfied: (1) the more likely than not recognition threshold is satisfied; (2) the position is ultimately settled through negotiation orlitigation; or (3) the statute of limitations for the taxing authority to examine and challenge the position has expired. Tax benefitsassociated with an uncertain tax position are reversed in the period in which the more likely than not recognition threshold is no longersatisfied.A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Weconcluded that the realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, the timing and amount of which areuncertain. Accordingly, the net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance.Goodwill and Intangible AssetsGoodwill originally results from business acquisitions. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values; theexcess of the purchase price over the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Other intangible assets are a result ofproduct acquisitions, non-compete arrangements and internally discovered patents. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill andOther Intangible Assets (“SFAS No. 142”) goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized but aresubject to impairment tests annually, or more frequently should indicators of impairment arise. We utilize both the market approach andthe income approach to determine if we have an impairment of our goodwill. The income approach was used as a confirming look to themarket approach. Under SFAS No. 142, goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds itsestimated fair value. In accordance with the requirements of SFAS No. 142, we initially42 tested our goodwill for impairment as of January 1, 2002 and determined that no impairment was present. We thereafter performed therequired annual impairment test as of December 31 of each year on the carrying amount of its goodwill.Our annual goodwill impairment assessment has historically been completed at December 31 of each year. Given the currenteconomic conditions and the uncertainties regarding their impact on our Company, there can be no assurance that the estimates andassumptions made for purposes of our goodwill impairment testing at December 31, 2008 will prove to be accurate predictions of thefuture, or that any change in the assumptions or the current economic conditions will not trigger another goodwill impairment test beforeDecember 31, 2009. If our assumptions are not achieved or economic conditions deteriorate further, we may be required to recordgoodwill impairment charges in future periods. These impairment charges may be a partial or full impairment of the current balance.Disposal of Long-Lived Assets/Discontinued OperationsWe account for the impairment of long-lived assets and long-lived assets to be disposed of in accordance with Statement ofFinancial Accounting Standard No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal (“SFAS No. 144”). SFAS No. 144 requires a periodicevaluation of the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles and whenever events or changes incircumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Examples of events or changes in circumstances thatindicate that the recoverability of the carrying value of an asset should be assessed include, but are not limited to, the following: asignificant decrease in the market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, a significantphysical change in an asset, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of an asset,an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected toacquire or construct an asset, a current period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses, and/ora projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with an asset used for the purpose of producing revenue. Weconsider historical performance and anticipated future results in its evaluation of potential impairment. Accordingly, when indicators ofimpairment are present, we evaluate the carrying value of these assets in relation to the operating performance of the business and futureundiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of these assets. Impairment losses are recognized when the sum of expectedfuture cash flows is less than the assets’ carrying value. SFAS No. 144 also provides accounting and reporting provisions for componentsof an entity that are classified as discontinued operations. We recorded an impairment loss in connection with the discontinuedoperations of our Philadelphia, Pennsylvania manufacturing facility for the year ended December 31, 2007 (See Notes to ConsolidatedFinancial Statements — Note 11 — Discontinued Operations).Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities(“SFAS No. 159”), which provides companies an option to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The intent ofSFAS No. 159 is to reduce the complexity in accounting for financial instruments and the volatility in earnings caused by measuringrelated assets and liabilities differently. SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning January 1,2008. The Company did not elect the fair value option under SFAS No. 159 for any of its financial instruments upon adoption.In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised), Business Combinations (“SFAS No. 141R”) which replacesSFAS No. 141, Business Combinations (“SFAS No. 141”). SFAS No. 141R retains the fundamental requirements of SFAS No. 141 that theacquisition method of accounting be used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each businesscombination. In addition, the scope of SFAS No. 141R is broader than SFAS No. 141 because it applies to all transactions and otherevents in which one entity obtains control over one or more other businesses. SFAS No. 141R is effective on a prospective basis for allbusiness combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual period subsequent to December 15,2008 and early adoption is not allowed. We are currently evaluating the effects that SFAS No. 141R may have on any future businesscombinations.43 In December 2007, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 07-1, Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements, which is effective forcalendar year companies on January 1, 2009. The Task Force clarified the manner in which costs, revenues and sharing payments madeto, or received by a partner in a collaborative arrangements should be presented in the income statement and set for the certaindisclosures that should be required in the partners’ financial statements. Novavax is currently assessing the potential impact ofimplementing this standard on its financial condition results of operations or liquidity.In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“SFAS No. 162”), whichidentifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financialstatements. SFAS No. 162 is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Boardamendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Theimplementation of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results ofoperations.In June 2008, the FASB ratified EITF Issue No. 07-5, Determining Whether an Instrument (or an Embedded Feature) Is Indexed toan Entity’s Own Stock (“EITF 07-5”). EITF 07-5 provides that an entity should use a two step approach to evaluate whether an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to its own stock, including evaluating the instrument’s contingent exerciseand settlement provisions. It also clarifies on the impact of foreign currency denominated strike prices and market-based employee stockoption valuation instruments on the evaluation. EITF 07-5 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Companyis currently assessing the impact of EITF 07-5 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.Results of Operations for Fiscal Years 2008, 2007 and 2006 (In thousands, except percentage changes and share and per shareinformation)The following is a discussion of the historical consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Novavax, Inc. and itswholly owned subsidiary and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto set forth in thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those inthe Company’s forward-looking statements is contained from time to time in the Company’s SEC filings. 2008 2007 Change from Change from Revenues: 2007 2006 2006 Total net product sales $— $— —% $— $(641) (100)% $641 Contract research and development 966 (422) (31)% 1,388 320 30% 1,068 Royalties, milestone and licensing fees 98 (27) (22)% 125 96 331% 29 Total revenues $1,064 $(449) (30)% $1,513 $(225) (13)% $1,738 Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $1.1 million as compared to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31,2007, a decrease of $0.4 million, or 30%. The decrease in revenues during 2008 as compared to 2007 was principally due to lowercontract research and development revenue.Contract research and development revenue is comprised of revenue from government and commercial contracts and, for the yearended December 31, 2008, is comprised of revenue from two National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) grants. Contract research revenueswere $1.0 million for 2008 as compared to $1.4 million in 2007, a decrease of $0.4 million, or 31%. The decrease in contract researchrevenues was primarily due to the completion of a third government contract during the first quarter of 2008.We did not record any product sales in 2008 and 2007 due to the discontinuation of the sale of Gynodiol in 2007. We recorded theexcess of returns on our 2007 product sales as costs of goods sold.Revenues for 2007 consisted of contract research revenues of $1.4 million and royalties and milestone fees from licensed productsof $125,000 compared to contract research revenue of $1.1 million and royalties and milestone fees from licensed products of $29,000 in2006. Revenues for 2006 also included product sales of $641,000. For the year ended December 31, 2007, total revenues were$1.5 million as compared to $1.7 million for44 the year ended December 31, 2006, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 13%. The decrease in product sales during 2007 as compared to 2006was principally due to the discontinued sale of Gynodiol in 2007. We recorded the excess of returns on our 2007 product sales as cost ofgoods sold. Net product sales in 2006 were $0.6 million consisting primarily of Gynodiol. The increase in contract research revenues in2007 as compared to 2006 was primarily due to higher government reimbursement for projects and milestones achieved in 2007. Theincrease in royalties and milestone payments in 2007 of $96,000 as compared to 2006 was primarily due to additional fees in 2007 of$50,000 for a development project and additional royalties from a prior sales agreement.Contract research and development revenues for 2006 totaled $1.1 million. Revenues in 2006 were recognized under a NationalInstitutes of Health (“NIH”) grant to develop a second generation HIV/AIDS vaccine, three manufacturing contracts and one additionalgovernment contract. Royalties, milestone and licensing fees for 2006 of $29,000 was principally due to fees from a developmentproject.Operating Costs and Expenses: 2008 2007 Change from Change from Operating Costs and Expenses: 2007 2006 2006 Cost of products sold $— $(221) (100)% $221 $(16) (7)% $237 Research and development 24,334 6,734 38% 17,600 6,271 55% 11,329 Selling, general and administrative 11,090 (2,873) (21)% 13,963 2,675 24% 11,288 $35,424 $3,640 11% $31,784 $8,930 39% $22,854 Cost of Products SoldWe did not have any cost of products sold in 2008. Costs of products sold were $163,000 in 2007, which represents the cost ofproducts sold for Gynodiol. In June 2007, we decided to discontinue the sale of Gynodiol.Cost of products sold decreased to $221,000 in 2007, compared to $237,000 in 2006. The decrease was entirely due to lower grosssales of Gynodiol due to the discontinued sale of the product during the third quarter of 2007, as discussed above.Research and Development ExpensesResearch and development costs increased from $17.6 million for year ended December 31, 2007 to $24.3 million for the yearended December 31, 2008, an increase of $6.7 million, or 38%. This increase was due primarily to higher research and developmentspending to support our strategic focus on creating differentiated, value-added vaccines that leverage our proprietary VLP technology.Outside-testing costs (including outsourced clinical trial costs, sponsored research and consulting agreements) associated with expandedpreclinical testing, human clinical trials, process development, manufacturing and quality-related programs necessary to move ourinfluenza vaccine candidates into human clinical trials and license fees paid to Wyeth account for $2.9 million of the increase. Theremaining increase of $3.8 million can be attributed to an increase in employee related costs of $1.1 million, an increase in facility costsof $1.5 million and $0.4 million accrued in 2008 related to future lease payments for our Taft Court facility in Rockville, Maryland.Research and development costs in 2008 also include $0.1 million related to the revision of the useful life of the leaseholdimprovements at the Taft Court facility. The costs associated with our Taft Court facility resulted from our decision to consolidate ourresearch and development and manufacturing activities into our Belward Campus Drive facility in Rockville, Maryland.Research and development costs increased from $11.3 million in 2006 to $17.6 million in 2007, an increase of $6.3 million, or55%. Research and development expenses were significantly higher in 2007 due to a 3.9 million increase in outside-testing costs(including sponsored research and consulting agreements) associated with expanded preclinical testing and process development,manufacturing and quality-related programs, license fees paid to Wyeth Holdings Corporation and the initiation of human clinical trialsnecessary to advance our influenza vaccine candidates in clinical development. The remaining increase of $2.4 million can be attributedto a $1.9 million increase in employee related costs and a $0.4 million increase in lab supplies.45 General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative costs were $11.1 million in 2008 compared to $13.9 million in 2007. The decrease of $2.8 million, or21%, was primarily due to the correction of the classification of the notes receivable due from former directors to show these notes asreductions of equity in the December 31, 2008 consolidated balance sheet. For the year ended December 31, 2008, general andadministrative expenses include a $1.2 million credit to the allowance established for the notes receivable. During the year endedDecember 31, 2008, we concluded that the notes receivable from the former directors should be classified as a reduction of equity andhad been erroneously reclassified to an asset during the prior fiscal years. Therefore, the reserve charges taken to the statement ofoperations during 2006 and 2007 and during the first two quarters of 2008, totaling $1.2 million were also determined to be incorrect.We are of the opinion that when evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, the impact of the prior period error is not material to thefinancial statements during any period presented. As such, we have determined it is appropriate to record the correction of this matter inthe third quarter results and to not make modifications to any prior filings. The credit to general and administrative expenses is a result ofthe adjustment recorded in the current year results to correct the cumulative impact of the prior period errors noted above.General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 were also impacted by lower facility costs ofapproximately $0.6 million for the new facility in Rockville, Maryland and decreased employee costs of approximately $0.3 million aswe implemented our plan to consolidate all operations into our Belward Campus Drive facility in Rockville, Maryland. The credit togeneral and administrative expenses discussed above and the decreases in facility and employee costs was partially offset by theimpairment charge to the MNP assets of $0.8. Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007 also included non-recurring costs for theadoption of FIN 48 of $0.2 million, consulting fees related to studies of the vaccine market of $0.2 million, and investment banker feesof $0.1 million related to our decision to divest our MNP technology.General and administrative costs were $14.0 million in 2007 compared to $11.3 million in 2006. The increase of $2.7 million wasprimarily due to increased facility costs of approximately $1.2 million for the Company’s new facility in Rockville, Maryland which wasleased in the fourth quarter of 2006. 2008 2007 Change from Change from Net Interest and Other (Expense) Income: 2007 2006 2006 Interest income (expense) Interest income $959 $(2,328) 71% $3,287 $20 1% $3,267 Interest expense (1,683) (77) 5% (1,606) 121 (7) (1,727)Impairment loss on short-term investments (1,238) (1,238) N/A% — — — — $(1,962) $(3,643) 217% $1,681 $141 9% $1,540 The Company had net interest and other expense of $2.0 million for 2008 compared to net interest and other income of$1.7 million for 2007, a change of $3.6 million, or 217%. Interest income decreased from $3.3 million in 2007 to $1.0 million in 2008,due in part to the correction of a matter described above related to notes receivable from former directors along with a decrease in ourcash, cash equivalents, and short-term investment balances. For the year ended December 31, 2008, interest income includes a$1.0 million adjustment related to the correction of our accounting for the notes receivable with two of our former directors, as discussedabove. Additionally, our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investment balances decreased primarily due to increased spendinglevels related to our vaccine development programs. Interest expense increased from $1.6 million in 2007 to $1.7 million in 2008, anincrease of $0.1 million or 5%. The increase in interest expense is due to the increase in the amortization of debt discount of$0.3 million, related to the amendment of the convertible notes, which occurred in June 2007. The debt discount of $852,000 is beingamortized over the remaining term of the convertible notes, through July 2009. Additionally, we recorded $1.2 million as an impairmentloss on investments for the year ended December 31, 2008, related to an other than temporary impairment loss on our auction ratesecurities.Net interest and other income increased from $1.5 million in 2006 to $1.6 million in 2007, an increase of $0.1 million, or 9%.Interest income remained constant at $3.3 million in both 2007 and 2006, despite lower cash and cash equivalent balances in 2007, dueto offsetting higher interest rates earned on investments in 2007 as46 compared to 2006. Interest expense decreased to $1.6 million in 2007 from $1.7 million in 2006, a decrease of $0.1 million, or 7%. Thedecrease in interest expense in 2007 from 2006 was principally due to conversion of $7.0 million face amount of the convertible notesinto equity in March 2006, partially offset by the amortization of debt discount of $0.2 million related to the amendments to convertiblenotes made in 2007. In connection with amendments to the convertible notes in 2007, we recorded a debt discount of $852,000 andincreased additional paid-in capital accordingly. The debt discount is being amortized over the remaining term of the convertible notes.Discontinued OperationsIn October 2007, we entered into agreements to terminate our supply agreements with Allergan, successor-in-interest to Esprit. Inconnection with the termination, we decided to wind down operations at our previously leased manufacturing facility in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania. The results of operations for the manufacturing facility are being reported as discontinued operations. 2008 2007 Change from Change from 2007 2006 2006 Revenues $3,776 $1,863 97% $1,913 $(1,032) (35)% $2,945 Costs of products sold 2,955 (3,803) 56% 6,758 2,071 44% 4,687 Excess inventory costs over market 548 (719) 57% 1,267 (282) (18)% 1,549 Research and development — (63) 100% 63 (137) (69)% 200 General and administrative — — — — — — — Total operating expenses 3,503 (4,585) 57% 8,088 1,652 26% 6,436 Net income (loss) $273 $(6,448) 104% $(6,175) $(2,684) 77% $(3,491)As part of the Graceway transaction, we sold our rights related to Estrasorb in the United States, Canada and Mexico to Graceway aswell as certain manufacturing equipment for the production of Estrasorb. The assets sold also included certain patents related to MNPtechnology, trademarks, customer and supplier relations and goodwill. Novavax and Graceway also entered into a supply agreement,pursuant to which Novavax agreed to manufacture additional quantities of Estrasorb with final delivery completed in July 2008.Graceway paid a preset transfer price per unit of Estrasorb for the supply of this product. The net cash impact from this transaction was inexcess of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The license and supply agreements with Allergan, Inc.,successor-in-interest to Esprit Pharma, Inc., were terminated in February 2008 and October 2007, respectively.We recorded net income from discontinued operations of $0.2 million compared to a loss of $6.2 million for the years endedDecember 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. The change resulted from an increase in revenues and a decrease in operatingexpenses. Revenue from discontinued operations increased to $3.8 million for 2008 from $1.9 million for 2007, an increase of$1.8 million or 97% primarily due to the recognition of revenue related to the Graceway agreements. We completed our obligationsunder the Graceway agreements in August 2008.Costs of products sold for the year ended December 31, 2008, which included fixed idle capacity costs, decreased from $6.8 millionin 2007 to $3.0 million in 2008, a decrease of $3.8 million, or 56%. Of the $3.0 million cost of products sold in 2008, $1.3 millionrepresented idle plant capacity costs at our manufacturing facility. The remaining $1.7 million represented the cost of Estrasorb sales toGraceway. Of the $6.8 million cost of products sold in 2007, $3.1 million represents idle plant capacity costs and the balance of$3.7 million represented $1.5 million related to the costs of Estrasorb sales to Allergan and a $2.2 million impairment charge related tothe fixed assets at our manufacturing facility. In accordance with the Supply Agreement with Allergan, which terminated in February2008, and with the supply agreement with Graceway, we were required to sell Estrasorb at a price that was lower than our manufacturingcosts. These excess costs over the product cost totaled $0.5 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.Research and development costs from discontinued operations were $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. There wereno research and developments costs from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2008.47 We recorded a loss from discontinued operations of $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to $6.2 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2007, an increase of $2.7 million or 77%. The increase resulted from a decrease in revenue and anincrease in operating expenses. Revenue from discontinued operations decreased to $1.9 million for 2007 from $2.9 million for 2006, adecrease of $1.0 million. The decrease resulted from lower Estrasorb shipments due to adjustments in inventory levels made by Allerganto reflect sales volume activity. Revenue also decreased as a result of decreased contract research revenue associated with the Allerganagreement.Costs of products sold, which includes fixed idle capacity costs increased from $4.7 million in 2006 to $6.8 million in 2007, anincrease of $2.1 million, or 44%. Of the $6.8 million cost of products sold in 2007, $3.1 million represented idle plant capacity costs atour manufacturing facility. The remaining $3.7 million represented $1.5 million related to the cost of Estrasorb sales to Allergan and a$2.2 million impairment charge related to the fixed assets at our manufacturing facility. Of the $4.7 million cost of products sold in2006, $2.5 million represents idle plant capacity costs and the balance of $2.2 million represent the costs of Estrasorb sales to Allergan.We were required to complete the manufacture of the remaining orders of Estrasorb in accordance with our agreement with Allergan inOctober 2007 to terminate the Allergan Supply Agreement.In accordance with the Supply Agreement with Allergan, during 2006 and 2007, we were required to sell Estrasorb at a price that islower than our manufacturing costs. These excess costs over the product cost totaled $1.3 million for 2007 and $1.5 million for 2006.Research and development costs from discontinued operations decreased to $0.1 million in 2007 from $0.2 million in 2006,primarily as a result of the termination of our agreements with Allergan.We recorded research and development costs from discontinued operations in 2006 of $0.2 million related to costs incurred forcontract research performed in our manufacturing facility.Net Loss 2008 2007 Change from Change from 2007 2006 2006 Net Loss $(36,049) $(1,284) (4)% $(34,765) $(11,697) (51)% $(23,068)Net loss per share $(0.53) $0.04 7% (0.57) $(0.17) (44)% $(0.39)Weighted shares outstanding 68,174,338 7,072,591 12% 61,101,747 2,437,382 4% 58,664,365 Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $36.0 million or $0.53 net loss per share, as compared to $34.8 million, or$0.57 net loss per share, for the year ended December 31, 2007, an increased loss of $1.2 million. The increased net loss was primarilydue to an increase in operating expenses of $3.6 million, a decrease in interest and other income (expense) of $3.6 million, a decrease inrevenues of $0.3 million, partially offset by an increase in income (loss) from discontinued operations of $6.4 million. The weightedshares outstanding increased from 61.1 million in 2007 to 68.2 million in 2008, primarily due to the shares issued as part of the equityfinancing completed in July 2008.Our net loss for 2007 totaled $34.8 million or $0.57 net loss per share, which was an increase of $11.7 million, or $0.18 net loss pershare more than the net loss for 2006 of $23.1 million, or $0.39 net loss per share. The increase in the net loss in 2007 was principallydue to increases in research and development expenses of $6.0 million, increases in net losses from discontinued operations of$2.7 million, the cost of our new facility in Rockville, Maryland of $1.2 million, and an increase in reserves for two former Boardmembers note receivables of $0.9 million.Weighted shares outstanding increased in 2007 to 61.1 million shares from 58.7 million in 2006. The increase in weighted shares in2007 was principally due to vesting of restricted stock and exercising of stock options.48 Liquidity Matters and Capital ResourcesOur future capital requirements depend on numerous factors including but not limited to, the maturity of our Notes on July 15,2009, the commitments and progress of our research and development programs, the progress of preclinical and clinical testing, the costsof filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights, and manufacturing costs. Weplan to continue to have multiple vaccines and products in various stages of development and we believe our research and developmentas well as general and administrative expenses and capital requirements will continue to increase. We will need to engage in capitalraising activities in the near term. Future activities, particularly vaccine and product development, are subject to our ability to raisefunds through public or private financings using equity and/or debt securities, or collaborative licensing and development arrangementswith industry partners and government agencies. Year Ended December 31, 2008 Continuing Discontinued Summary of Cash Flows: Operations Operations Total (In thousands) Net cash (used in) provided by: Operating activities $(26,764) $2,459 $(24,310)Investing activities 28,552 1,354 29,906 Financing activities 16,992 — 16,992 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 18,775 3,813 22,588 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 4,350 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $26,938 During the three-year period ended December 31, 2008, we have funded our operations primarily from the following activities:Net proceeds (In millions) 2006 2007 2008 Total Sales of common stock in equity offerings, net $56.0 $— $17.0 $73.0 License payments received 2.5 — — 2.5 Exercise of stock options and warrants 1.7 0.1 .3 2.1 Lease incentives received — — 3.0 3.0 $60.2 $0.1 $20.3 $80.6 In additional to the net proceeds outlined above, as part of the Graceway transaction, we sold our rights related to Estrasorb in theUnited States, Canada and Mexico to Graceway as well as certain manufacturing equipment for the production of Estrasorb. We alsomanufactured additional quantities of Estrasorb with final delivery completed in July 2008. The net cash impact from this transactionwas in excess of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.As of December 31, 2008, we held $33.9 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as compared to $46.5 millionat December 31, 2007. Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 31, 2008 are net of a $1.2 million realized lossrelated to the impairment of our auction rate securities recorded for the year ended December 31, 2008. The $12.6 million decrease incash, cash equivalents and short-term investments during 2008 was primarily due to the operating losses from continuing operations of$36.3 million, principal payments on debt of $1.0 million, capital expenditures for our Belward Campus Drive Good ManufacturingPractices (“GMP”) facility project, partially offset by the proceeds of our equity financing completed on July 31, 2008 of $17.4 million,and the proceeds from the Graceway transaction. We also received a lease incentive totaling $3.0 million from our landlord related to theextension of our lease term at our corporate headquarters.As of December 31, 2008, our working capital was $7.3 million compared to $42.8 million as of December 31, 2007. This$35.5 million decrease primarily resulted from our net loss and the reclassification of our convertible debt to current liabilities, partiallyoffset by the proceeds of our equity financing completed on July 31, 2008, an upfront payment received from Graceway as part of theEstrasorb transaction in February 2008 and a $3.0 million49 lease incentive received from our landlord in June 2008. Additionally, we purchased $5.7 million of capital expenditures activities andmade $1.0 million in principal payments on our outstanding debt obligations during the year ended December 31, 2008.As of December 31, 2007, we held $46.5 million in cash and investments as compared to $73.6 million at December 31, 2006. The$27.1 million decrease in cash and investments during 2007, was due to the operating loss from continued operations of $28.6 million,cash used from discontinued operations of $1.0 million, and principal payments on debt of $0.8 million, partially offset by non-cashexpenses of $4.6 million and net balance sheet changes of $0.6 million. In addition, capital expenses totaled $2.0 million in 2007,primarily for equipment for vaccine development and the initial investment in the build out of a new GMP facility in our corporateheadquarters.At December 31, 2008 we had cash totaling $26.9 million and auction rate securities with a face value of $8.2 million and a fairvalue of $7.0 million. There has been insufficient demand at auction for each of our five auction rate securities, which had a par valuetotaling $8.2 million. We recorded an impairment charge on these investments of $1.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2008 on theseinvestments due primarily to their illiquidity, and believe the $7.0 million it has recorded at December 31, 2008 represents their fairmarket value and the value we could liquidate the investment for, if necessary. We are currently evaluating what purchase price it couldget for these securities now and what the risks along with the benefits of holding verses selling these securities. Without liquidity ofthese auction rate securities, our cash position would be negatively affected.We will seek to raise additional capital through public or private equity and/or debt financing. We intend to use the proceeds fromthese financing transactions to pay all or a portion of the principal and interest due on the Notes and for general corporate purposes,including but not limited to our internal research and development programs, such as preclinical and clinical testing and studies for ourvaccine and other product candidates, the development of new technologies, capital improvements and general working capital. We willalso seek to fund our operations through licensing and development arrangements. There can be no assurance that we will be able toobtain additional capital or, if such capital is available, that the terms of any financing will be satisfactory to the Company. Any capitalraised by an equity offering will likely be substantially dilutive to the stockholders and any licensing or development arrangement mayrequire the Company to give up rights to a product or technology at less than its full potential value.As of March 23, 2009, we have sold 70,500 shares of common stock and received net proceeds in the amount of $121 pursuant tothe sales agreement with Wm Smith. On March 31, 2009, we entered into a binding, non-cancellable stock purchase agreement to sell12.5 million shares to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cadila for a market price of $0.88 per share. We expect to close this transaction onApril 1, 2009 and expect to receive net proceeds in the amount of $10.65 million.Based on the amount of funds on hand, the anticipated proceeds from the Cadila transaction, our intention to pay 50% of theoutstanding Notes in Novavax common stock, and our planned business operations, we believe we will have adequate capital resourcesto operate at planned levels for at least the next twelve months. However, we are planning to raise additional capital during 2009 in orderto continue its current level of operations and to pursue the business plan beyond 2009. We have not, however, secured any additionalcommitments for new financing at this time nor can we provide any assurance that new financing will be available on commerciallyacceptable terms, if at all. Any equity financing would cause significant dilution at current market prices. If the we are unable toimmediately secure additional capital, we will continue to assess our capital resources and we may be required to downsize ouroperations, reduce general and administrative costs or to delay or reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our product researchand development programs, thereby causing delays in our efforts to introduce our future products to market. Should we be unable toaccomplish these activities, we may not be able to continue its business.As of December 31, 2008, we had $22.0 million of senior convertible notes outstanding (the “Notes”). The Notes carry a 4.75%coupon; are currently convertible into shares of Novavax common stock at $4.00 per share; and mature on July 15, 2009. Under theterms of the Notes, we can, at our option, pay up to 50% of the outstanding Notes in our common stock on the due date of July 15, 2009,subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including, among other things, a requirement that the shares issued upon conversion beregistered or freely tradable without registration, that Novavax’s shares of common stock have not been suspended from trading on TheNASDAQ50 Global Market during the applicable measurement period and there is no threatened delisting or suspension, and that we are otherwise incompliance with its agreements with the Note holders. The amount of shares that may be issued at maturity may be subject to adjustmentdepending on the Note holder’s percentage ownership of the Company on an as-converted basis and if our stock price falls below $2.00during the measurement period. As a result, we will have to pay a least $11.0 million in cash to satisfy the Notes on the due date unlessthe notes are converted into common stock, redeemed or amended.Contractual Obligations and CommitmentsWe utilize different financing instruments, such as debt and operating leases, to finance various equipment and facility needs. Thefollowing table summarizes our current financing obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands): Less than 1 - 3 4 - 5 More than Commitments & Obligations Total 1 Year Years Years 5 Years Convertible notes* $22,000 $22,000 $— $— — Operating leases 17,148 2,263 6,307 4,330 $4,248 Notes payable 1,130 650 480 — Total principal payments 40,278 24,913 6,787 4,330 4,248 Less: Subleases (925) (326) (599) — — Net principal payments 39,353 24,587 6,188 4,330 4,248 Interest 619 619 — — — Total commitments & obligations $39,972 $25,206 $6,188 $4,330 $4,248 *Convertible notes are reflected at their par value.On June 26, 2008, we amended the lease for our corporate headquarters at 9920 Belward Campus Drive in Rockville, Maryland.The amendment (1) extended the term of the lease to January 31, 2017, (2) provided that the landlord reimburse Novavax for up to$3.0 million in leasehold improvements and (3) increases the monthly installments of base rent going forward, by an additional $45,132per month. The additional monthly rent is subject to the annual 2.125% escalation included in the original lease. On June 27, 2008, wereceived $3.0 million from the landlord as reimbursement for leasehold improvements. The amount was recorded in deferred rent on thebalance sheet, and is being amortized as a credit to rent expense over the remaining lease term.In March 2009, we further amended the sublease with PuriCore. The amendment, which is effective as of November 1, 2008,extends the term of the sublease until September 30, 2011, expands the sublease premises to include all of the approximately32,900 rentable square feet and grants PuriCore the option to renew the lease for an additional three-year term.In addition to the amounts reflected in the table above in the future, we may owe royalties and other contingent payments to ourcollaborators or license holders based on the achievement product sales, milestones and other specific objectives.Based on our available capital and cash burn rate, if we are unable to obtain additional capital, we may be required to delay, reducethe scope of, or eliminate one or more of our product research and development programs, downsize our organization, or reduce generaland administrative infrastructure.Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe are not involved in any off-balance sheet agreements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on itsfinancial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capitalresources.51 Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKThe primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve our capital until it is required to fund operations while at the sametime maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. As of December 31, 2008, we hadcash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $33.9 million as follows:Cash and cash equivalents $26.9 million Short-term investments classified as available for sale $7.0 million Our exposure to market risk is confined to our investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2008, our short-term investments areclassified as available for sale. We do not believe that a change in the market rates of interest would have any significant impact on therealizable value of our investment portfolio. Changes in interest rates may affect the investment income we earn on our investments and,therefore, could impact our cash flows and results of operations.Short-term investments at December 31, 2008 consist of investments in five auction rate securities with a par value of $8.2 millionand a fair value of $7.0 million. We recorded an other than temporary impairment charge to operating related to these securities duringthe fourth quarter of 2008 of $1.2 million because of the current turmoil in the credit markets and management’s belief these securitiescannot presently be sold at par value but are saleable at a discount from their par value. The collateral for these AAA-rated securities isguaranteed by agencies of the United States against loss of principal and interest by bond insurers.We have classified these securities as short-term investments and have accounted for our investments in these securities as availablefor sale securities under the guidance of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt andEquity Securities (“SFAS No. 115”). Although the auction rate securities have variable interest rates which typically reset every 16 to32 days through a competitive bidding process known as a “Dutch auction”, they have long-term contractual maturities. Theseinvestments are classified within current assets because we may need to liquidate these securities within the next year.The available for sale securities are carried at fair value and unrealized gains and losses on these securities, if determined to betemporary, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. We assess the recoverability of ouravailable-for-sale securities and, if impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the fair value tothe carrying value. Other than temporary impairments are included in the consolidated statements of operations. As noted above, duringthe year ended December 31, 2008, there was a $1.2 million impairment recorded against the available for sale securities. Theimpairment was concluded to be other than temporary, thus the charge was taken in the consolidated statement of operations.We had invested in auction rate securities for short periods of time as part of our cash management program. Recent uncertainties inthe credit markets have prevented us from liquidating certain holdings of auction rate securities subsequent to December 31, 2008 as theamount of securities submitted for sale during the auction has exceeded the amount of purchase orders. Although an event of an auctionfailure does not necessarily mean that a security is impaired, we considered various factors to assess the fair value and the classificationof the securities as short-term assets. Fair value was determined through an independent valuation using two valuation methods — adiscounted cash flow method and a market comparables method. Certain factors used in these methods include, but are not necessarilylimited to, comparable securities traded on secondary markets, timing of the failed auction, specific security auction history, quality ofunderlying collateral, rating of the security and the bond insurer, our ability and intent to retain the securities for a period of time toallow for anticipated recovery in the market value, and other factors.Interest and dividend income is recorded when earned and included in interest income. Premiums and discounts, if any, on short-term investments are amortized or accreted to maturity and included in interest income. The specific identification method is used incomputing realized gains and losses on sale of our securities.We are headquartered in the United States where we conduct the vast majority of our business activities. Accordingly, we have nothad any material exposure to foreign currency rate fluctuations.52 On June 15, 2007, we entered into amendment agreements (the “Amendments”) with each of the holders of the outstanding Notes toamend the terms of the Notes. As of December 31, 2007, $22.0 million aggregate principal amount remained outstanding under theNotes. The Amendments (i) lowered the conversion price from $5.46 to $4.00 per share, (ii) eliminated the holders’ right to require theCompany to redeem the Notes if the weighted average price of the Company’s common stock is less than the conversion price on 30 ofthe 40 consecutive trading days preceding July 19, 2007 or July 19, 2008 and (iii) mandated that the Notes be converted into Companycommon stock if the weighted average price of the Company’s common stock is greater than $7.00 (a decrease from $9.56) in any 15 outof 30 consecutive trading days after July 19, 2007. In connection with the Amendments, we recorded a debt discount of $852,000 andincreased additional paid-in capital accordingly. The debt discount is being amortized over the remaining term of the Notes. Interestexpense included $259,000 and $221,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, related to the amortization ofthe debt discount.At December 31, 2008, we had a total debt of $22.3 million, most of which bears interest at fixed interest rates. We do not believethat it is exposed to any material interest rate risk as a result of our borrowing activities.Information required under this section is also contained in Part I, Item IA of this report and in Item 8 of this report, and isincorporated herein by reference.Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATAThe information required by this item is set forth on pages F-1 to F-38.Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURENone.Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresThe Company’s chief executive officer and interim principal accounting officer, who performs functions similar to a principalfinancial officer, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inRules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by thisannual report. Based on that review and evaluation, which included the participation of management and certain other employees of theCompany, the chief executive officer and interim principal accounting officer have concluded that the Company’s current disclosurecontrols and procedures, as designed and implemented, are effective.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThe Company’s management, including our principal executive officer and interim principal accounting officer, has evaluated anychanges in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2008, and hasconcluded that there was no change that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonablylikely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined inRules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting maynot prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controlsmay become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures maydeteriorate.53 Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. In making thisassessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO)in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2008, our internalcontrol over financial reporting is effective.The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, has been audited by Grant ThorntonLLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report below.54 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON INTERNALCONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTINGBoard of Directors and Shareholders ofNovavax, Inc.We have audited Novavax, Inc. (a Delaware Corporation) and subsidiary (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as ofDecember 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of SponsoringOrganizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internalcontrol over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in theaccompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on theCompany’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Thosestandards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control overfinancial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness ofinternal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. Webelieve that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accountingprinciples. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to themaintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of thecompany; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only inaccordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding preventionor timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on thefinancial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections ofany evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes inconditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by COSO.We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), theconsolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related consolidated statements of operations,stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 and our report dated March 31,2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon./s/ Grant Thornton LLPBaltimore, MarylandMarch 31, 200955 Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATIONNone.PART IIIItem 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEWe incorporate herein by reference the information concerning our directors, officers and corporate governance to be included inour definitive Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2009 Proxy Statement”). We expect to file the 2009Proxy Statement within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONWe incorporate herein by reference the information concerning executive compensation to be contained in the 2009 ProxyStatement.Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATEDSTOCKHOLDER MATTERSWe incorporate herein by reference the information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and managementand related stockholder matters to be contained in the 2009 Proxy Statement.The following table provides the Company’s equity compensation plan information as of December 31, 2008. Under these plans,the Company’s common stock may be issued upon the exercise of options. See also the information regarding stock options of theCompany in Note 9, “Stock Options” to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herewith.Equity Compensation Plan Information Number of Securities Remaining Available Number of Securities for Future Issuance to be Issued Weighted-Average Under Equity Upon Exercise of Exercise Price of Compensation Plans Outstanding Options, Outstanding Options, (Excluding Securities Plan Category Warrants and Rights (a) Warrants and Rights (b) Reflected in Column(a))(c) Equity compensation plans approved bysecurity holders(1) 6,078,478 $3.18 3,185,928 Equity compensation plans not approved bysecurity holders N/A N/A N/A (1)Includes the Company’s 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, 1995 Stock Option Plan and 1995 Director Stock Option Plan.Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEWe incorporate herein by reference the information concerning certain related party transactions set forth in Note 14 to ourConsolidated Financial Statements included herewith. We incorporate herein by reference the information concerning certain otherrelationships and related transactions and director independence to be contained in the 2009 Proxy Statement.Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESWe incorporate herein by reference the information concerning principal accountant fees and services to be contained in the 2009Proxy Statement.56 PART IVItem 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES(a) The following documents are filed as part of the Annual Report:(1) Index to Consolidated Financial StatementsReports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 F-4 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7 (2) Financial Statement SchedulesAll financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required under the instructions or all theinformation required is set forth in the financial statements or notes thereto.(3) ExhibitsExhibits marked with a single asterisk (*) are filed herewith.Exhibits marked with a double plus sign (††) refer to management contracts, compensatory plans or arrangements.Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of exhibits marked with a triple asterisk (***).All other exhibits listed have previously been filed with the Commission and are incorporated herein by reference. 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to theCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, filed March 21, 1997 (the “1996Form 10-K”)), as amended by the Certificate of Amendment dated December 18, 2000 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000, filed March 29,2001 (the “2000 Form 10-K”)), as further amended by the Certificate of Amendment dated July 8, 2004 (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004, filedAugust 9, 2004 (the “2004 2Q Form 10-Q”)) 3.2 Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K, filed August 8, 2007), as amended on August 2, 2007 4.1 Specimen stock certificate for shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, File No. 0-26770, filed September 14, 1995 (the “Form 10”)) 4.2 Rights Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2002, by and between the Company and Equiserve Trust Company, whichincludes the Form of Summary of Rights to Purchase Series D Junior Participating Preferred Stock as Exhibit A, the Formof Right Certificate as Exhibit B and the Form of Certificate of Designation of Series D Junior Participating PreferredStock as Exhibit C. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August9, 2002) 4.3 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2004, by and between the Company and the Buyers identifiedtherein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-118210, filedAugust 13, 2004) 4.4 Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report onForm 8-K, filed July 30, 2008)57 10.1†† Novavax, Inc. 1995 Stock Option Plan, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Company’sDefinitive Proxy Statement filed March 31, 2003 in connection with the Annual Meeting held on May 7, 2003) 10.2†† Novavax, Inc. 1995 Director Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Form 10) 10.3†† Novavax, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 5, 2009) 10.4†† Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of August 2, 2007, originally effective November 9, 2005, byand between the Company and Rahul Singhvi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s QuarterlyReport on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007, filed August 9, 2007) 10.5†† Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of August 2, 2007, originally effective November 9, 2005, byand between the Company and Raymond J. Hage, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’sQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007, filed August 9, 2007) 10.6†† Employment Agreement of Penny Heaton, dated October 2, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 10, 2008) 10.7†† Employment Agreement of Len Stigliano, dated October 2, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 10, 2008) 10.8†† Amendment to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement of Raymond Hage, dated October 2, 2008(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 10, 2008) 10.9†† Employment Agreement of James Robinson, effective October 2, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 16, 2008) 10.10†† Consulting Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2007, effective as of March 7, 2007, between the Company and JohnLambert (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterended March 31, 2007, filed May 10, 2007) 10.11†† Consulting Agreement of Len Stigliano, effective January 28, 2009 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 20, 2009) 10.12†† Novavax, Inc. Amended and Restated Change in Control Severance Benefit Plan, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 5, 2009) 10.13†† Form of Indemnity Agreement, as authorized August 10, 2005 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 16, 2005) 10.14 Facilities Reservation Agreement, dated as of February 11, 2002, by and between the Company and PackagingCoordinators, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the 2001 Form 10-K) 10.15 Letter Agreement by and between Novavax, Inc. and Catalent Pharma Solutions, Inc., dated February 12, 2008 andeffective February 19, 2008 amending the Facilities Reservation Agreement dated February 11, 2002 (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 25, 2008) 10.16 Lease Agreement, dated as of July 15, 2004, between Liberty Property Limited Partnership and the Company(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 2004 2Q Form 10-Q) 10.17 Sublease Agreement, dated April 28, 2006, by and between the Company and Sterilox Technologies, Inc. (Incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006, filedAugust 14, 2006) 10.18 Amendment dated as of October 25, 2006 to the Sublease Agreement, dated April 28, 2006, by and between theCompany and Sterilox Technologies, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Reporton Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, filed November 14, 2006) 10.19 Lease, commencing April 1, 2005, by and between United Health Care Services, Inc. and the Company (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005, filedAugust 9, 2005)58 10.20 Sublease Agreement by and between Human Genome Sciences, Inc., and the Company dated October 6, 2006(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 13, 2006) 10.21 Termination of Sublease dated as of May 7, 2007 between Human Genome Sciences, Inc and Novavax, Inc.(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, filedon August 11, 2008) 10.22 Lease Agreement between GP Rock One, LLC and Novavax, Inc., dated as of May 7, 2007 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, filed on August 11, 2008) 10.23 First Amendment to Lease Agreement between GP Rock One, LLC and Novavax, Inc., dated as of May 30, 2008(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, filedon August 11, 2008) 10.24 Second Amendment to Lease Agreement between BMR-9920 Belward Campus Q, LLC (formerly GP Rock One, LLC)and Novavax, Inc., dated as of June 26, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s QuarterlyReport for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, filed on August 11, 2008) 10.25 License Agreement between IGEN, Inc. and the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’sAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995, filed April 1, 1996) 10.26 HIV Vaccine Design and Development Agreement, effective September 26, 2003, by and between the Company and theNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a component of the National Institutes of Health, an agency of theDepartment of Health and Human Services (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s AnnualReport on Form 10-K (as amended) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, filed March 15, 2005) 10.27 Form of Senior Convertible Note (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 99.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, filed July 19, 2004) 10.28 Amendment Agreement by and between Novavax, Inc. and Smithfield Fiduciary LLC, dated June 15, 2007(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 18, 2007) 10.29 Amendment Agreement by and between Novavax, Inc. and SF Capital Partner Ltd., dated June 15, 2007 (Incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 18, 2007) 10.30 Amendment Agreement by and between Novavax, Inc. and Portside Growth and Opportunity Fund, dated June 15,2007 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 18, 2007) 10.31 Exchange Agreement, dated July 16, 2004, between the Company, King Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and ParkedalePharmaceuticals, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filedJuly 19, 2004) 10.32 Termination Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2004 among King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parkedale Pharmaceuticals, Inc.and the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July19, 2004) 10.33 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated and entered into as of September 22, 2005, by and among the Company, FieldingPharmaceutical Company and Pharmelle, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K, filed September 28, 2005) 10.34 Amendment dated and entered into as of July 5, 2006, to Asset Purchase Agreement, dated and entered into as ofSeptember 22, 2005, by and among the Company, Fielding Pharmaceutical Company and Pharmelle, LLC(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter-endedSeptember 30, 2006, filed November 14, 2006) 10.35*** Exclusive License Agreement, dated February 26, 2007, between the Company and the University of Massachusetts(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2006, filed March 14, 2007) 10.36*** License Agreement, dated July 5, 2007, between the Company and Wyeth Holdings Corporation (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007, filedAugust 9, 2007)59 10.37** Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Novavax, Inc. and Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC, dated February 19, 2008(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 25, 2008) 10.38** Supply Agreement by and between Novavax, Inc. and Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC, dated February 19, 2008(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 25, 2008) 10.39** License Agreement by and between Novavax, Inc. and Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC, dated February 19, 2008(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 25, 2008) 10.40 Form of Subscription Agreement dated July 28, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K, filed July 30, 2008) 10.41 Form of Investor Rights Agreement dated July 29, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K, filed July 30, 2008) 10.42 Forbearance and Pledge Agreement among Denis O’Donnell and the Company, dated May 7, 2007, relating to SecuredPromissory Note and Pledge Agreement, each dated March 21, 2002 and filed as Exhibits 10.11 and 10.12 to theCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.32 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed onDecember 12, 2008) 10.43 Amended and Restated Promissory Note by Mitchell J. Kelly to the Company, dated May 7, 2008, relating to SecuredPromissory Note, dated March 21, 2002 and filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for thefiscal year ended December 31, 2002 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1onForm 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on December 12, 2008) 10.42 Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement among Mitchell J. Kelly and the Company, dated May 7, 2008, relating toPledge Agreement, dated March 21, 2002 and filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K forthe fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company’s Amendment No.1on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on December 12, 2008) 10.43 At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated January 12, 2009, by and between Novavax, Inc. and Wm. Smith & Co.(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 13, 2009) 14 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14 to the Company’s Annual Report onForm 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, filed March 15, 2004) 21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-Kfor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, filed March 6, 2006) 23.1 Consent of Grant Thornton LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm* 31.1 Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* 31.2 Certification of principal accounting officer (performing functions similar to a principal financial officer) pursuant toSection 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* 32.1 Certification Pursuant to 18 UNITED STATESC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Rahul Singhvi, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company* 32.2 Certification Pursuant to 18 UNITED STATESC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Evdoxia Kopsidas, Director of Finance and Interim Principal Accounting Officer of theCompany*60 SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused thisreport to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.NOVAVAX, INC. By: /s/ Rahul SinghviPresident and Chief Executive Officerand DirectorDate: March 31, 2009Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons onbehalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:Name Title Date /s/ RAHUL SINGHVIRahul Singhvi President and Chief Executive Officer andDirector (Principal Executive Officer) March 31, 2009 /s/ EVDOXIA E. KOPSIDASEvdoxia E. Kopsidas Director of Finance and Interim PrincipalAccounting Officer (performing functions similarto a principal financial officer) March 31, 2009 /s/ JOHN LAMBERTJohn Lambert Chairman of the Board of Directors March 31, 2009 /s/ GARY C. EVANSGary C. Evans Lead Director March 31, 2009 /s/ JOHN O. MARSH, JR.John O. Marsh, Jr. Director March 31, 2009 /s/ MICHAEL A. MCMANUSMichael A. McManus Director March 31, 2009 /s/ THOMAS P. MONATHThomas P. Monath Director March 31, 2009 /s/ JAMES B. TANANBAUMJames B. Tananbaum Director March 31, 200961 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSYears ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006ContentsReports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 F-4 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and Board of Directors ofNovavax, Inc. and SubsidiaryWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Novavax, Inc. (a Delaware Corporation) and subsidiary (theCompany) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flowsfor each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’smanagement. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Thosestandards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free ofmaterial misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the periodended December 31, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), theCompany’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control —Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report datedMarch 31, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon./s/ Grant Thornton LLPBaltimore, MarylandMarch 31, 2009F-2 NOVAVAX, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 2008 2007 (In thousands, except shareand per share information) ASSETSCurrent assets: Cash and cash equivalents $26,938 $4,350 Short-term investments available for sale 6,962 9,200 Short-term investments held to maturity — 32,939 Accounts and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $218 and $168 as of December 31, 2008 and2007, respectively 290 667 Inventory 42 25 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 732 1,304 Current assets of discontinued operations 132 531 Total current assets 35,096 49,016 Property and equipment, net 8,228 5,721 Goodwill 33,141 33,141 Assets held for sale — 899 Non-current assets of discontinued operations — 1,634 Other non-current assets 160 880 Total assets $76,625 $91,291 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCurrent liabilities: Accounts payable $1,750 $1,490 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 2,969 2,980 Current liabilities of discontinued operations 242 616 Current portion of notes payable 650 1,120 Convertible notes, current portion net of discount 21,778 — Deferred rent 328 — Total current liabilities 27,717 6,206 Non-current portion of notes payable 480 260 Convertible notes, net of discount — 21,369 Deferred rent 2,939 391 Total liabilities 31,136 28,226 Commitments and contingences (see Note 13) — — Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding — — Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 69,220,221 shares issued and 68,764,591 sharesoutstanding at December 31, 2008, and 62,356,977 shares issued and 61,949,881 shares outstanding at December 31,2007 692 624 Additional paid-in capital 284,595 264,618 Notes receivable from directors (1,572) — Accumulated deficit (235,776) (199,727)Treasury stock, 455,430 and 407,096 shares at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, cost basis (2,450) (2,450)Total stockholders’ equity 45,489 63,065 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $76,625 $91,291 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F-3 NOVAVAX, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2006 (In thousands, except share and per share information) Revenues: Net product sales $— $— $641 Contract research and development 966 1,388 1,068 Royalties and milestone fees 98 125 29 Total revenues 1,064 1,513 1,738 Operating costs and expenses: Cost of products sold — 221 237 Research and development 24,334 17,600 11,329 General and administrative 11,090 13,963 11,288 Total operating costs and expenses 35,424 31,784 22,854 Loss from continuing operations before other income (expense) (34,360) (30,271) (21,116)Other income (expense): Interest income 959 3,287 3,267 Interest expense (1,683) (1,606) (1,728)Impairment of short-term investments (1,238) — — Loss from continuing operations (36,322) (28,590) (19,577)Income (loss) from discontinued operations 273 (6,175) (3,491)Net loss $(36,049) $(34,765) $(23,068)Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding 68,174,338 61,101,474 58,664,365 Basic and diluted net loss per share: Loss per share from continuing operations $(0.53) $(0.47) $(0.33)Earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations — (0.10) (0.06)Net loss per share $(0.53) $(0.57) $(0.39)The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F-4 NOVAVAX, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYFor the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 Notes Additional Receivable Total Common Stock Paid-in Unearned From Accumulated Treasury Stockholders’ Shares Amount Capital Compensation Directors Deficit Stock Total (In thousands, except share information) Balance, January 1, 2005 50,259,494 $503 $195,361 $(425) $(1,480) $(141,894) $(2,413) $49,652 Unearned compensation against costs for stockoptions in accordance with SFAS No. 123 — — (425) 425 — — — — Non-cash compensation costs for stock options — — 1,776 — — — 1,776 Exercise of stock options 497,613 5 1,713 — — — — 1,718 Conversion of convertible debt 1,294,564 13 7,055 — — — — 7,068 Restricted stock issued as compensation 285,000 3 (3) — — — — — Amortization of restricted stock for compensation — — 491 — — — — 491 Treasury stock issued in lieu of payment ofservices rendered — — (32) — — — 57 25 Sales of common stock 9,803,180 98 57,902 — — — — 58,000 Financing costs allocated to raising additionalcapital — — (2,016) — — — — (2,016)Reclassification due to change in status of adirector — — — — 449 — — 449 Repurchase of common stock — — — — — (94) (94)Net loss — — — — — (23,068) — (23,068)Balance, December 31, 2006 62,139,851 622 261,822 — (1,031) (164,962) (2,450) 94,001 Non-cash compensation costs for-stock options — — 1,345 — — — — 1,345 Exercise of stock options 57,126 — 89 — — — — 89 Restricted stock issued as compensation 160,000 2 (2) — — — — — Amortization of restricted stock for compensation — — 512 — — — — 512 Reclassification due to change in status of adirector — — — — 1,031 — — 1,031 Debt discount from modification of convertibledebt — — 852 — — — — 852 Net loss — — — — (34,765) — (34,765)Balance, December 31, 2007 62,356,977 624 264,618 — — (199,727) (2,450) 63,065 Non-cash compensation costs for stock options — — 1,814 — — — — 1,814 Exercise of stock options 176,394 1 328 — — — — 329 Amortization of restricted stock for compensation — — 256 — — — — 256 Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costsof $420 6,686,650 67 17,436 — — — — 17,503 Reclassification of former directors’ notesreceivable — — 143 — (1,572) — — (1,429)Net loss — — — — (36,049) — (36,049)Balance, December 31, 2008 69,220,021 $692 $284,595 — $(1,572) $(235,776) $(2,450) $45,489 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F-5 NOVAVAX, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2006 (In thousands) Operating Activities: Net Loss: $(36,049) $(34,765) $(23,068)Plus net loss (income) from discontinued operations (273) 6,175 3,491 Net loss from continuing operation (36,322) (28,590) (19,577)Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Amortization of intangible assets — 132 132 Depreciation 893 702 577 Amortization of deferred financing costs 258 259 797 Amortization of debt discount 409 221 — Provision for bad debts — 176 111 Loss on disposal of property and equipment 258 100 321 Impairment of long-lived assets 994 — — Amortization of net discounts on short-term investments (181) (2,320) (1,135)Reserve for notes receivable and accrued interest (534) 875 167 Deferred rent (123) 312 12 Non-cash expense for services — 57 25 Non-cash stock compensation 2,070 1,800 2,267 Lease incentives received 3,000 — — Impairment of investments 1,238 — — Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts and other receivables 438 (298) 2,684 Inventory (17) 90 (96)Prepaid expenses and other current assets 691 129 281 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 141 206 444 Other non-current assets 18 432 (435)Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations (26,769) (25,717) (13,425)Net cash provided by (used in) in operating activities from discontinued operations 2,459 (1,025) (1,385)Net cash used in operating activities (24,310) (26,742) (14,810)Investing Activities: Capital expenditures (5,689) (1,961) (1,406)Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment 121 — — Purchases of short-term investments (15,650) (94,993) (121,546)Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments 49,770 121,608 56,247 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations 28,552 24,654 (66,705)Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations 1,354 (3) (110)Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 29,906 24,651 (66,815)Financing Activities: Principal payments of notes payable (1,040) (809) (715)Proceeds from other borrowings 200 — — Net proceeds from sales of common stock 17,503 — 55,984 Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 329 89 1,718 Purchase of treasury stock — — (94)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from continuing operations 16,992 (720) 56,893 Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations — — — Net cash provided by (used in) by financing activities 16,992 (720) 56,893 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 22,588 (2,811) (24,732)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 4,350 7,161 31,893 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $26,938 $4,350 7,161 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities: Conversion of convertible debt and accrued interest to common stock $— $— $7,068 Debt discount from modification of convertible debt $— $852 $— Equipment purchases included in accounts payable $— $624 $59 Financed insurance premiums $570 $600 $511 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash interest payments $1,040 $1,073 $1,233 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F-6 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSDecember 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006(in thousands, except share and per share information)1. OrganizationNovavax, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Novavax” or the “Company”), was incorporated in 1987, and is a clinical-stagebiopharmaceutical company focused on creating differentiated, value-added vaccines that improve upon current preventive options for arange of infectious diseases. These vaccines leverage the Company’s virus-like-particle (“VLP”) platform technology coupled with aunique, disposable production technology.VLPs are genetically engineered three-dimensional nanostructures, which incorporate immunologically important lipids andrecombinant proteins. The Company’s VLPs resemble the virus but lack the genetic material to replicate the virus. The Company’sproprietary production technology uses insect cells rather then chicken eggs or mammalian cells. The Company’s current product targetsinclude vaccines against the H5N1 and other subtypes of avian influenza with pandemic potential, human seasonal influenza, VaricellaZoster, which causes Shingles and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (“RSV”). RSV vaccine was announced on October 30, 2008.Liquidity MattersThe Company has incurred losses since its inception and as of December 31, 2008 has an accumulated deficit of $236 million.The Company’s vaccine products currently under development or in clinical trials will require significant additional research anddevelopment efforts, including extensive pre-clinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval, prior to commercial use. There can beno assurance that the Company’s research and development efforts will be successful or that any potential products will prove to be safeand effective in clinical trials. Even if developed, these vaccine products may not receive regulatory approval or be successfullyintroduced and marketed at prices that would permit the Company to operate profitably. The commercial launch of any vaccine productis subject to certain risks including but not limited to, manufacturing scale-up and market acceptance. The Company does not expect togenerate revenue in the near future.At December 31, 2008 the Company has cash totaling $26.9 million and auction rate securities with a face value of $8.2 millionand a fair value of $7.0 million. There has been insufficient demand at auction for each of the Company’s five auction rate securities. TheCompany recorded an impairment charge on these investments of $1.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2008 on these investments dueprimarily to their illiquidity, and believes the $7.0 million it has recorded at December 31, 2008 represents their fair market value andthe value the Company could liquidate these investments for, if necessary. The Company is currently evaluating what purchase price itcould get for these securities now and what the risks along with the benefits of holding versus selling these securities. Without liquidityof these auction rate securities, the Company’s cash position would be negatively affected.As of March 23, 2009, the Company sold 70,500 shares of common stock and received net proceeds in the amount of $121,457pursuant to the Sales Agreement with Wm Smith. On March 31, 2009, the Company entered into a non-cancellable binding StockPurchase Agreement for the sale of 12.5 million shares of common stock to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cadila at the market price of$0.88 per share for a net purchase price of $10.65 million (See note 14 — Subsequent Events).Based on the amount of funds on hand, the Company’s anticipated proceeds from the Cadila transaction, the Company’s intentionto pay 50% of the outstanding principal balance of the convertible notes, as described below with its common stock, and the Company’splanned business operations, the Company believes it will have adequate capital resources to operate at planned levels for at least thenext twelve months. The Company is planning to raise additional capital during 2009 in order to continue its current level of operationsand to pursue its business plan beyond 2009. The Company has not, however, secured any additional commitments for new financing atthis time nor can it provide any assurance that new financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms, if atF-7 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)all. Any equity financing would cause significant dilution at current market prices. If the Company is unable to immediately secureadditional capital, it will continue to assess its capital resources and the Company may be required to downsize its operations, reducegeneral and administrative costs or to delay or reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of its product research and developmentprograms, thereby causing delays in the Company’s efforts to introduce its future products to market. Should the Company be unable toaccomplish these activities, it may not be able to continue its business.As of December 31, 2008, the Company had $22.0 million of senior convertible notes outstanding (the “Notes”). The Notes carry a4.75% coupon; are currently convertible into shares of Novavax common stock at $4.00 per share; and mature on July 15, 2009. Underthe terms of the Notes, The Company can, at our option, can pay up to 50% of the outstanding Notes in Novavax common stock on thedue date of July 15, 2009, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including, among other things, a requirement that the sharesissued upon conversion be registered or freely tradable without registration, that Novavax’s shares of common stock have not beensuspended from trading on the NASDAQ Global Market during the applicable measurement period and there is no threatened delisting orsuspension, and that the Company is otherwise in compliance with its agreements with the Note holders. The amount of shares that maybe issued at maturity may be subject to adjustment depending on the Note holder’s percentage ownership of the Company on an as-converted basis and if the Company’s stock price falls below $2.00 during the measurement period. As a result, the Company plans topay at least $11.0 million in cash to satisfy the Notes on the due date unless the notes are converted into common stock, redeemed oramended.2. Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesBasis of PresentationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary,Fielding Pharmaceutical Company. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.In October 2007, Allergan, Inc. (“Allergan”) purchased Esprit Pharma, Inc. (“Esprit”) and subsequently entered into an agreementwith Novavax, which among other things terminated the supply agreement for Estrasorb. In February 2008, the Company sold certainother assets related to Estrasorb in the United States, Canada and Mexico to Graceway Pharmaceutical, LLC (“Graceway”). In connectionwith the sale of Estrasorb assets to Graceway, Novavax terminated the Estrasorb license agreement with Allergan. The Company engagedan investment bank to aid in the search for potential buyers or licensees but has not been successful in attempts to sell or license thetechnology in fields of use outside vaccines. As a result, in Q4 2008, the Company fully impaired these assets by recording a charge inthe consolidated statement of operations in the amount of $846. The Company has recorded this and is more fully described in Note 10,as discontinued operations.Use of EstimatesThe preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the UnitedStates requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure ofcontingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during thereporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.ReclassificationsCertain amounts appearing in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 havebeen reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.The Company corrected the classification of certain notes receivable due from former directors to show these notes receivable as areduction to stockholders’ equity during the third quarter of 2008. In addition, the CompanyF-8 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)reduced general and administrative expenses for the accumulated amounts previously reserved and charged to general andadministrative expenses and a charge to interest income for the cumulative interest income related to the notes receivable during the yearended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, netting to $670 by adjusting the related general and administrative expenses and interestincome accounts for the year ended December 31, 2008. The Company evaluated the impact of this correction based on the operatingresults for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 99, Materiality.Management’s evaluation indicated that the amount of the correction for the year ended December 31, 2008, when compared to theoperating results for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, is not considered to be material.Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.Short-Term InvestmentsShort-term investments at December 31, 2008 consist of investments in five auction rate securities with a par value of $8.2 millionand a fair value of $7.0 million. The Company recorded an other than temporary impairment charge to other expenses related to thesesecurities during the fourth quarter of 2008 of $1.2 million because of the current turmoil in the credit markets and management’s beliefthese securities cannot presently be sold at par value, but are saleable at a discount from their par value. The collateral for these AAA-rated securities is guaranteed by agencies of the United States against loss of principal and interest by bond insurers.The Company has classified these securities as short-term investments and has accounted for the investments in these securities asavailable for sale securities under the guidance of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, Accounting for Certain Investments inDebt and Equity Securities (“SFAS No. 115”). Although the auction rate securities have variable interest rates which typically resetevery 16 to 32 days through a competitive bidding process known as a “Dutch auction”, they have long-term contractual maturities.These investments are classified within current assets because the Company may need to liquidate these securities within the next year.The available for sale securities are carried at fair value and unrealized gains and losses on these securities, if determined to betemporary, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. The Company assesses therecoverability of our available-for-sale securities and, if impairment is indicated, the Company measures the amount of such impairmentby comparing the fair value to the carrying value. Other than temporary impairments are included in the consolidated statements ofoperations. As noted above, during the year ended December 31, 2008, there was a $1.2 million impairment recorded against theavailable for sale securities. The impairment was concluded to be other than temporary, thus the charge was taken in the consolidatedstatement of operations.The Company had invested in auction rate securities for short periods of time as part of its cash management program. Recentuncertainties in the credit markets have prevented the Company from liquidating certain holdings of auction rate securities subsequentto December 31, 2008 as the amount of securities submitted for sale during the auction has exceeded the amount of purchase orders.Although an event of an auction failure does not necessarily mean that a security is impaired, the Company considered various factors toassess the fair value and the classification of the securities as short-term assets. Fair value was determined through an independentvaluation using two valuation methods — a discounted cash flow method and a market comparables method. Certain factors used inthese methods include, but are not necessarily limited to, comparable securities traded on secondary markets, timing of the failedauction, specific security auction history, quality of underlying collateral, rating of the security and the bond insurer, our ability andintent to retain the securities for a period of time to allow for anticipated recovery in the market value, and other factors.F-9 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Interest and dividend income is recorded when earned and included in interest income. Premiums and discounts, if any, on short-term investments are amortized or accreted to maturity and included in interest income. The specific identification method is used incomputing realized gains and losses on sale of the Company’s securities.For short-term investments classified as held to maturity securities, the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold themuntil maturity. These investments are recorded at face value less any premiums or discounts. Income related to these securities is reportedas a component of interest income. These premiums or discounts are then amortized over the remaining maturity periods of theinvestments using the straight-line method. The Company did not have any short-term investments classified as held to maturity atDecember 31, 2008. Included in net interest income on the consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007and 2006 is $2,320 and $1,135 of amortization of premiums/discounts related to these short-term investments. As of December 31, 2007,short-term investments classified as held to maturity had original maturity dates of less than one year and were comprised of $1,997 ofcertificates of deposit, $22,057 of corporate bonds, and $8,884 of government agency bonds.Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit RiskFinancial instruments, which possibly expose the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cashequivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and convertible notes payable. The Company’s investment policy limitsinvestments to certain types of instruments, including auction rate securities, high-grade corporate debt securities and money marketinstruments, places restrictions on maturities and concentrations in certain industries and requires the Company to maintain a certainlevel of liquidity. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable approximates their fair value based on theirshort-term maturities at December 31, 2008 and 2007. The Company has certain debt instruments at fixed rates, with lower interest ratesthan the prevailing market rates. The fair values of convertible notes approximate their carrying value as of December 31, 2008 and 2007based on rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS No. 157”), which clarifies thedefinition of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expends the disclosures on fair value measurements. InFebruary 2008, the FASB issued FSP 157-2 that deferred the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for one year for nonfinancial assets andliabilities recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be receivedfor an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderlytransaction between market participants on the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which, asoutlined below, requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs whenmeasuring fair value.If inputs used to measure the financial assets and liabilities fall within the different levels described below, the categorization isbased on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurements of the instrument.Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company does not have any Level 1 assets as ofDecember 31, 2008.Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that areobservable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. The Companyconsiders its auction rate securities to be a Level 2 assets.Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are financial instruments whose value isdetermined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which thedetermination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. The Company considers its goodwill to be a Level 3 asset.F-10 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair market value on a recurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2008 aresummarized below: Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2008 using Quoted Prices in Active Significant Markets for other Significant Identical Observable Unobservable Assets Inputs Inputs Assets Assets Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 At Fair Value (In thousands) Auction rate securities $— $6,962 $— $6,962 Goodwill — — 33,141 33,141 Total Assets $— $6,962 $33,141 $40,103 The following table presents the Company’s assets measure at fair value on a recurring basis using level 2 inputs during the yearended December 31, 2008: (In thousands) Balance as of January 1, 2008 $9,200 Impairment losses included in earnings (1,238)Purchases 15,650 Redemptions at par (16,650)Balance as of December 31, 2008 $6,962 Accounts and Other ReceivablesAccounts receivable are reported at their net realizable value. The Company charges off uncollectible receivables when thelikelihood of collection is remote. Generally, the Company considers receivables past due 30 days subsequent to the billing date. TheCompany performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally extends credit without requiring collateral. The Companymaintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that is determined based on historical experience and management’s expectations of futurelosses. Accounts deemed uncollectible are charged to the allowance based on specific identification. Provisions for bad debts andrecoveries on reserved accounts are recorded within the allowance. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had an allowancefor doubtful accounts of approximately $218 and $168, respectively.InventoriesInventories are priced at the lower of cost or market using the first-in-first-out method and consist of the following at December 31: 2008 2007 (In thousands) Raw materials $— $226 Materials and supplies 42 25 Finished goods — 115 Reserve for inventory — (52) 42 314 Less: inventory reclassified to current assets of discontinued operations — (289)Total inventory $42 $25 F-11 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Raw materials and finished goods were related to the production of Estrasorb. Materials and supplies are used in the Company’sresearch and development efforts. At December 31, 2007, raw materials and finished goods were included in current assets ofdiscontinued operations.Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 151, Inventory Costs — an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4(“SFAS No. 151”), the Company allocates fixed production overhead costs to inventories based on the anticipated normal capacity of itsmanufacturing facility at the time. Included in cost of products sold from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31,2008, 2007 and 2006 are $1.3 million, $3.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively, of idle capacity costs, which represent the excess ofoverhead costs over that allocated to inventories. The aforementioned costs are included in the cost of sales from discontinuedoperations.During the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, $0.5 million, $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of inventorycosts in excess of market value were included in the income (loss) from discontinued operations in the consolidated statement ofoperations related to the supply agreements with both Esprit and Graceway (see Note 3 — Summary of Significant Transactions). Underthe terms of these supply agreements, the Company sold Estrasorb at a price below its manufacturing costs during the years endedDecember 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.In June 2007, the Company decided to discontinue the sale of Gynodiol. In connection with its decision, the Company recorded aninventory reserve totaling $52. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company destroyed the remaining Gynodiol inventorytotaling $49 and wrote-off the remaining inventory balance against this reserve.Based on the termination of the Supply Agreement with Allergan, the Company had planned to close its Philadelphia,Pennsylvania manufacturing facility at the end of 2007 and transfer production to a third party. However, in February 2008, theCompany entered into an agreement with Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Graceway”) to sell its manufacturing equipment and otherassets related to Estrasorb in the United States, Canada and Mexico. In addition to the sale of assets, the Company agreed to produceadditional lots of Estrasorb on behalf of Graceway. The production began in March 2008 and was completed in July 2008, with finaldelivery completed in August 2008. The Company closed this leased facility in August 2008. As a result, the Company no longer hasany inventory related to the production of Estrasorb.Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of theassets, generally three to ten years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is provided over the shorter of the estimated useful lives ofthe improvements or the term of the lease. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.Property and equipment is comprised of the following at December 31: 2008 2007 (In thousands) Construction in progress $5,394 $1,601 Machinery and equipment 3,880 4,124 Leasehold improvements 637 7,759 Computer software and hardware 339 346 10,250 13,830 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,022) (8,109) $8,228 $5,721 F-12 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Construction in progress is related to costs incurred in the construction of the Company’s GMP pilot manufacturing facility whichstarted during the third quarter of 2007. The GMP pilot manufacturing facility was ready for use in January 2009, when the Companyannounced that all equipment in the pilot plants were installed and ready for operations supporting scale-up and validation.Depreciation expense associated with continuing operations was approximately $893, $702 and $577 for the years endedDecember 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.Depreciation expense associated with discontinued operations was approximately $1,155, $2,095 and $2,344 for the years endedDecember 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.Goodwill and Intangible AssetsGoodwill originally results from certain business acquisitions. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fairvalues; the excess of the purchase price over the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. In accordance withSFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“SFAS No. 142”), goodwill is deemed to have an indefinite life and is subject toimpairment tests annually, or more frequently should indicators of impairment arise. The Company’s judgments regarding the existenceof impairment indicators are primarily dependent on the successful commercialization of its vaccine technologies, probability of success,growth and profitability. Achievability of prospective results is subject to a great deal of risk and because events or circumstances maynot occur as expected, differences between actual and expected results may be material.At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company used both the market approach and the income approach to determine if theCompany had an impairment of its goodwill. The income approach was used as a confirming look to the market approach. The Companyused a market approach to determine the market value of capitalization of its single reporting unit. Step one of the impairment test statesthat if the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. The Company’s forecastswere used to create a risk adjusted discounted cash flow analysis to indicate the market value capitalization. The fair value of theCompany’s reporting unit was compared to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. Under both approaches, the fair value of thereporting unit was higher than the carrying value, resulting in no impairments recorded against goodwill at December 31, 2008 and2007.Long-Lived Assets and Discontinued OperationsThe Company accounts for the impairment of its long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for theImpairment or Disposal (“SFAS No. 144”). SFAS No. 144 requires a periodic evaluation of the recoverability of the carrying value oflong-lived assets and identifiable intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assetmay not be recoverable. The Company considers historical performance and anticipated future results in its evaluation of potentialimpairment. Accordingly, when indicators of impairment are present, the Company evaluates the carrying value of these assets inrelation to the operating performance of the business and future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of these assets.Impairment losses are recognized when the sum of expected future cash flows is less than the assets’ carrying value.During the third quarter of 2007, the Company began efforts to divest its MNP technology, which consisted of the patent that hadbeen included as intangible assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. In connection with the planned divestiture, theCompany evaluated the recoverability of the carrying value of the patents and reclassified $846 into assets held for sale as ofDecember 31, 2007. The Company was unable to sell the patents in 2008 so they were removed from assets held for sale and impaired forthe full value of $846 during the year ended December 31, 2008.SFAS No. 144 also provides accounting and reporting provisions for components of an entity that are classified as discontinuedoperations. The Company recorded an impairment loss in connection with the discontinuedF-13 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)operations of its Philadelphia, Pennsylvania manufacturing facility for the year ended December 31, 2007 (See Note 10 — DiscontinuedOperations).Revenue Recognition and AllowancesThe Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 104, RevenueRecognition (“SAB No. 104”). For product sales, revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence ofan arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonablyassured. The Company recognizes these sales, net of allowances for returns and rebates. The Company estimates the amount of rebatesand returns and records them as a liability and reduction of revenue upon sale of the products. Under the License and Supply Agreementswith Allergan (See Significant Transactions- Graceway Agreements), the Company is no longer responsible for rebates related toEstrasorb or for returns of Estrasorb made subsequent to entering into the License Agreement on October 19, 2005.For upfront payments and licensing fees related to contract research or technology, the Company follows the provisions ofSAB No. 104 in determining if these payments and fees represent the culmination of a separate earnings process or if they should bedeferred and recognized as revenue as earned over the life of the related agreement. Milestone payments are recognized as revenue uponachievement of contract-specified events and when there are no remaining performance obligations. Revenue earned under researchcontracts is recognized in accordance with the terms and conditions of such contracts for reimbursement of costs incurred and definedmilestones.Stock-Based CompensationThe Company accounts for its stock options in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123 (revised),Accounting for Share-based Payment (“SFAS No. 123R”). This standard requires the Company to measure the cost of employee servicesreceived in exchange for equity share options granted based on the grant-date fair value of options. The cost is recognized ascompensation expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period) of the options.The expected life of options granted was based on the Company’s historical share option exercise experience using the historicalexpected term from the vesting date. The expected volatility of the options granted was determined using historical volatilities based onstock prices over a look-back period corresponding to the expected life. The risk-free interest rate was determined using the yieldavailable for zero-coupon United States government issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the options. The forfeiturerate was determined using historical rates since the inception of the plans. The Company has never paid a dividend, and as such, thedividend yield is zero.Non-cash compensation expense related to all restricted stock issued to employees and directors has been recorded ascompensation cost using the straight-line method of amortization. The Company accounts for stock-based awards issued to non-employees in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issuedto Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services. These pronouncements require the fair valueof equity instruments given as consideration for services rendered be recognized as a non-cash operating expense over the shorter of thevesting or service periods. In cases where services are not fully rendered, the equity instruments must be revalued on each subsequentreporting date until performance is complete with a cumulative catch-up adjustment recognized for any changes in their estimated fairvalue.F-14 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Research and Development CostsResearch and development costs are expensed as incurred. Such costs include internal research and development expenditures(such as salaries and benefits, raw materials and supplies) and contracted services (such as sponsored research, consulting and testingservices) of proprietary research and development activities and similar expenses associated with collaborative research agreements.The Company was part of a consortium that received a National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) project program grant to develop HIVvaccine candidates. As of December 31, 2008, the Company earned $3.0 million under this research contract. This contract ended inJanuary 2008.Income TaxesThe Company’s income taxes are accounted for using the liability method in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting forIncome Taxes. Under the liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable todifferences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis andoperating loss carryforward. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable incomein the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes theenactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to berealized.On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, Accounting forUncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of SFAS No. 109. Accounting for Income Taxes (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 gives guidancerelated to the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, andrequires that we recognize in our financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not to be sustainedupon an examination, based on the technical merits of the position.Interest and penalties related to income tax matters are recorded as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we hadno accruals for interest or penalties related to income tax matters.Net Loss per ShareThe Company calculates net loss per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share. Basic loss per share is computedby dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during theperiod. The dilutive effect of common stock equivalents is included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share only when the effectof the inclusion would be dilutive. Outstanding stock options with an exercise price above market, are excluded from the Company’sdiluted computation as their effect would be anti-dilutive. There were approximately 4.6 million outstanding stock options and3.3 million outstanding warrants that were excluded from the Company’s diluted loss per share calculation for the year endedDecember 31, 2008. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, there were approximately 4.1 million and 2.3 million outstandingstock options, respectively, that were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share.Comprehensive LossUnder SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income, requires comprehensive loss and its components to be presented as part ofthe consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss is comprised of the net loss and other comprehensive income (loss), whichincludes certain changes in equity that are excluded from the net loss. Comprehensive loss for the Company was the same as net loss forthe years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.F-15 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Segment InformationThe Company currently operates in one business segment, which is the creation of differentiated value-added vaccines thatleverage the Company’s proprietary virus-like particle technology. The Company is managed and operated as one business. A singlemanagement team that reports to the Chief Executive Officer comprehensively manages the entire business. The Company does notoperate separate lines of business with respect to its products or product candidates. Accordingly, the Company does not have separatelyreportable segments as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, Disclosure about Segments of an Enterpriseand Related Information.Recent Accounting PronouncementsSFAS No. 159In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities(“SFAS No. 159”), which provides companies an option to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The intent ofSFAS No. 159 is to reduce the complexity in accounting for financial instruments and the volatility in earnings caused by measuringrelated assets and liabilities differently. SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning January 1,2008. The Company did not elect the fair value option under SFAS No. 159 for any of its financial instruments upon adoption.SFAS No. 141 RIn December 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 141 (Revised 2007) (“SFAS 141R”), Business Combinations. SFAS 141Rwill significantly change the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS 141R, an acquiring entity will be required to recognizeall the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a transaction at the acquisition date at fair value with limited exceptions. SFAS 141Rwill change the accounting treatment for certain specific items, including; acquisition costs will be generally expensed as incurred,minority interests will be valued at fair value at the acquisition date, acquired contingent liabilities will be recorded at fair value at theacquisition date and subsequently measured at either the higher of such amount or the amount determined under existing guidance fornon-acquired contingencies, in-process research and development will be recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset atthe acquisition date, restructuring costs associated with a business combination will be generally expensed subsequent to the acquisitiondate, and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally will affectincome tax expense. SFAS 141R also includes a substantial number of new disclosure requirements. SFAS 141R applies prospectively tobusiness combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on orafter December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. The Company is required to record and disclose business combinationsfollowing existing GAAP until January 1, 2009.EITF Issue No. 07-1In December 2007, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 07-1, Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements, which is effective forcalendar year companies on January 1, 2009. The Task Force clarified the manner in which costs, revenues and sharing payments madeto, or received by a partner in a collaborative arrangements should be presented in the income statement and set for the certaindisclosures that should be required in the partners’ financial statements. Novavax is currently assessing the potential impact ofimplementing this standard on its financial condition results of operations or liquidity.SFAS No. 162In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“SFAS No. 162”), whichidentifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting theF-16 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)principles used in the preparation of financial statements. SFAS No. 162 is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the PublicCompany Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with GenerallyAccepted Accounting Principles. The implementation of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’sconsolidated financial position and results of operations.EITF Issue No. 07-5In June 2008, the FASB ratified EITF Issue No. 07-5, Determining Whether an Instrument (or an Embedded Feature) Is Indexed toan Entity’s Own Stock (“EITF 07-5”). EITF 07-5 provides that an entity should use a two step approach to evaluate whether an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to its own stock, including evaluating the instrument’s contingent exerciseand settlement provisions. It also clarifies on the impact of foreign currency denominated strike prices and market-based employee stockoption valuation instruments on the evaluation. EITF 07-5 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Companyis currently assessing the impact of EITF 07-5 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.3. Summary of Significant TransactionsGraceway AgreementsIn February 2008, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Graceway”),pursuant to which Novavax sold to Graceway its assets related to Estrasorb in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The assets soldinclude certain patents related to the micellar nanoparticle technology (the “MNP Technology”), trademarks, know-how, manufacturingequipment, customer and supplier relations, goodwill and other assets. Novavax retained the rights to commercialize Estrasorb outside ofthe United States, Canada and Mexico.In February 2008, Novavax and Graceway also entered into a supply agreement, pursuant to which Novavax agreed to manufactureadditional units of Estrasorb with final delivery completed in July 2008. Graceway paid a preset transfer price per unit of Estrasorb forthe supply of this product. Once Novavax delivered the required quantity of Estrasorb, Novavax cleaned the manufacturing equipmentand prepare the equipment for transport. Graceway removed the equipment from the manufacturing facility and Novavax exited thefacility in August 2008. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company received payments for the manufacture and delivery ofthe additional units of Estrasorb delivered during the period and the related revenue was recognized upon completion of all componentsof the contractual obligation.In February 2008, Novavax and Graceway also entered into a license agreement, pursuant to which Graceway granted Novavax anexclusive, non-transferable (except for certain allowed assignments and sublicenses), royalty-free, limited license to the patents andknow-how that Novavax sold to Graceway pursuant to the asset purchase agreement. The license grant allows Novavax to make, use andsell licensed products and services in certain, limited fields.Upon commencement of the Graceway agreement the license and supply agreements with Allergan, Inc., successor-in-interest toEsprit Pharma, Inc., were terminated in February 2008 and October 2007, respectively.In connection with the closing of the transaction, Novavax received an upfront payment from Graceway. The Company determinedthat the Graceway agreements should be accounted for as a single arrangement with multiple elements as defined in EITF 00-21, RevenueArrangements with Multiple Deliverables (“EITF 00-21”). Under EITF 00-21, in an arrangement with multiple deliverables, the delivereditem(s) should be considered a separate unit of accounting if it has stand-alone value and the fair value of the undelivered performanceobligations can be determined. If the fair value of the undelivered performance obligations can be determined, such obligations wouldbe accounted for separately as performed. If the fair value of undelivered performance obligations cannot be determined, the arrangementis accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The Company evaluated theF-17 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)deliverables related to the Graceway supply and asset purchase agreements under the criteria of EITF 00-21 to determine whether theymet the requirements for separation within a multi-element arrangement. The Company concluded that the deliverables would not betreated as separate units of accounting as there was no objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered items related tothe manufacture of the additional Estrasorb lots and the cleaning and preparation of the equipment under the terms of supply agreement.Accordingly, all revenue associated with the deliverables, under both the supply and asset purchase agreement, was deferred and was notrecognized until the Company’s obligations were completed in August 2008.License Agreement with University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolEffective February 26, 2007, the Company entered into a worldwide agreement to exclusively license a VLP technology from theUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School (“UMMS”). Under the agreement, the Company has the right to use this technology todevelop VLP vaccines for the prevention of any viral diseases in humans. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company madepayments to UMMS in an aggregate amount that is not material. In addition, the Company will make certain payments based ondevelopment milestones as well as future royalties on any sales of products that may be developed using the technology. The Companybelieves that all payments under the UMMS agreement will not be material to the Company in the foreseeable future. The UMMSagreement will remain effective as long as at least one claim of the licensed patent rights cover the manufacture, sale or use of anyproduct unless terminated sooner at the Company’s option or by UMMS for an unsecured breach by Novavax.License Agreement with Wyeth Holdings CorporationOn July 5, 2007, we entered into a License Agreement with Wyeth Holdings Corporation, a subsidiary of Wyeth (“Wyeth”). Thelicense is a non-exclusive, worldwide license to a family of patent applications covering VLP technology for use in human vaccines incertain fields of use. The agreement provides for an upfront payment, annual license fees, milestone payments and royalties on anyproduct sales. If each milestone is achieved for any particular product candidate, the Company would be obligated to pay an aggregateof $14.0 million to Wyeth Holdings for each product candidate developed and commercialized under the agreement. Achievement ofeach milestone is subject to many risks, including those described in the Company’s Risk Factors. Annual license maintenance feesunder the Wyeth Holdings agreement aggregate $0.3 million per year. The royalty to be paid by the Company under the agreement, if aproduct is approved by the FDA for commercialization, will be based on single digit percentage of net sales. Payments under theagreement to Wyeth as of December 31, 2008 aggregated $4.8 million and could aggregate up to an additional $0.3 million in 2009,depending on the achievement of clinical development milestones. The agreement will remain effective as long as at least one claim ofthe licensed patent rights cover the manufacture, sale or use of any product unless terminated sooner at Novavax’s option or by Wyethfor an uncured breach by Novavax.License and Supply Agreements with AllerganIn October 2005, the Company entered into License and Supply agreements for Estrasorb with Allergan, Inc. (“Allergan”),successor-in-interest to Esprit Pharma, Inc. (“Esprit”). Under the License Agreement, Allergan obtained exclusive rights to marketEstrasorb in North America and under the Supply Agreement the Company was obligated to continue to manufacture Estrasorb. Inconsideration for the rights granted, Allergan paid the Company a cash consideration of $12.5 million, including $2.5 million during theyear ended December 31, 2006.In February 2008, in connection with the sale of the Estrasorb assets to Graceway, noted above, Novavax terminated the EstrasorbLicense Agreement with Allergan.In April 2006, the Company entered into a second License and Supply Agreement with Allergan to co-develop, supply andcommercialize an MNP testosterone product candidate for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Under the terms ofthe License and Development Agreement, Esprit was granted exclusive rights toF-18 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)market the products in North America. In October 2007, Allergan purchased Esprit and subsequently entered into an agreement withNovavax, which among other things, terminated the license and supply agreement for testosterone and the supply agreement forEstrasorb.4. Supplemental Financial DataAllowance for Doubtful AccountsA roll-forward of the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows: (In thousands) Balance, January 1, 2006 $429 Provision for bad debts 111 Write off bad debts (423)Balance, December 31, 2006 117 Provision for bad debts 176 Write off bad debts (125)Balance, December 31, 2007 168 Provision for bad debts 50 Write off bad debts — Balance, December 31, 2008 $218 Prepaid Expenses and Other Current AssetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following at December 31: 2008 2007 (In thousands) Prepaid insurance $540 $568 Current portion of deferred financing costs 147 259 Notes receivable from former director, net of reserve — 202 Interest receivable on directors’ notes — 132 Other current assets 127 51 Interest receivable 50 229 864 1,441 Less: prepaid expenses and other current assets reclassified to current assets of discontinued operations (132) (137) $732 $1,304 F-19 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Accrued Expenses and Other LiabilitiesAccrued expenses consist of the following at December 31: 2008 2007 (In thousands) Sales return and rebate allowance $118 $371 Employee benefits and compensation 412 1,581 Operating expenses 697 695 Research and development accruals 1,297 299 Interest expense 478 475 3,002 3,421 Less: accrued expense and other liabilities reclassified to current liabilities of discontinued operations (33) (441) $2,969 $2,980 5. Long-term debtNotes PayableNotes payable consist of the following at December 31: 2008 2007 (In thousands) Note payable; bears interest at 3.00% per annum; principal and interest due in monthly installments of $6,600,repaid February 2008 $— $135 Note payable; bears interest at 2.850% per annum; principal and interest due in monthly installments of $6,573,repaid February 2008 — 153 Note payable; bears interest at 2.38% per annum; principal and interest due in monthly installments of $6,468,repaid February 2008 — 152 Note payable; insurance financing; bears interest at 6.00% per annum; principal and interest due in monthlyinstallments of $51,385 through November 2008 — 600 Note payable; insurance financing; bears interest at 4.9% per annum; principal and interest due in monthlyinstallments of $51,677 through September 2009 570 — Opportunity Grant Fund notes payable; non-interest bearing; principal only payments due in monthlyinstallments of $6,666 through May 2012 260 340 Other 300 — Total 1,130 1,380 Less current portion (650) (1,120)Long-term portion $480 $260 The notes payable (except for the notes payable for financing insurance premiums and the Opportunity Grant Fund note payable)were secured by $2.4 million of the Company’s machinery and equipment located at its manufacturing facility in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania. In February 2008, in connection with the execution of the asset purchase agreement with Graceway, the Company repaidthe outstanding balances plus any accrued interest on the 3.00%, 2.850% and 2.38% notes payable totaling $423,886 and received arelease for the equipment which served as collateral.F-20 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Opportunity Grant Fund Note PayableIn July 2005, the Company received a $400,000 Opportunity Grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for thereimbursement of certain costs incurred in connection with the move of the Company’s corporate headquarters and product developmentactivities to Malvern, Pennsylvania. These funds were included as an offset to general and administrative expenses included in theConsolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2005. The Opportunity Grant had the following conditions:(i) the Company would create 95 full time jobs at the Malvern facility within three years; (ii) the Company would invest at least$9.4 million in capital improvements and fixtures and equipment at the Malvern facility within three years; and, (iii) the Companywould operate at the Malvern facility for a minimum of five years. If the Company failed to meet these conditions, it would be obligatedto repay the full amount of the grant.In line with its new business strategy, the Company announced in December 2006 that it had signed a long-term lease for its newcorporate headquarters and research and development facility in Rockville, Maryland, where its vaccine operations were then and nowcurrently located. As a result of the Company’s failure to comply with the conditions of the grant, the Department of Community &Economic Development (“DCED”) of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania requested that the Company repay the full amount of theOpportunity Grant.In April, 2007, the Company entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, acting byand through DCED, whereby the Company agreed to repay the sum of the original grant in 60 monthly installments starting on May 1,2007. The loan was reclassified to notes payable. The terms of the agreement stipulate the amount of the monthly repayment to be$6,667 for 60 months. Interest does not accrue on the outstanding balance. During the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, theCompany made payments totaling $80 and $60 respectively. The outstanding balance is included in notes payable on the consolidatedbalance sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007.Convertible NotesConvertible notes consist of the following on December 31: 2008 2007 (In thousands) Note payable; 4.75% senior convertible, issued July 19, 2004, due July 15, 2009, currently convertible by theholders into 4,029,304 shares of Novavax common stock at $4.00 per share $22,000 $22,000 Less: Discount (222) (631)Note payable, net $21,778 $21,369 In July 2004, the Company entered into definitive agreements for the private placement of $35.0 million aggregate principalamount of senior convertible notes (the “Notes”) to a group of institutional investors. The notes carry a 4.75% coupon, payable semi-annually, mature in five years on July 15, 2009 and are convertible into shares of common stock, originally at $5.46 per share. OnJune 15, 2007, the Company entered into amendment agreements (the “Amendments”) with each of the holders of the outstanding Notesto amend the terms of the Notes. The Amendments (i) lowered the conversion price from $5.46 to $4.00 per share, (ii) eliminated theholders’ right to require the Company to redeem the Notes if the weighted average price of the Company’s common stock is less than theconversion price on 30 of the 40 consecutive trading days preceding July 19, 2007 or July 19, 2008 and (iii) mandated that the Notes beconverted into Company common stock if the weighted average price of the Company’s common stock is greater than $7.00 (a decreasefrom $9.56) in any 15 out of 30 consecutive trading days after July 19, 2007. The Notes are also redeemable upon the occurrence ofspecified events of default as well as a “change of control” (as that term is defined in the Notes) of Novavax. At December 31, 2008 and2007, the Company had accrued interest of $475 and $478, respectively, relating to these notes.F-21 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Under the terms of the Notes, Novavax, at its option, can pay up to 50% of the outstanding Notes in Novavax common stock on thedue date of July 15, 2009, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including, among other things, a requirement that the sharesissued upon conversion be registered or freely tradable without registration, that Novavax’s shares of common stock have not beensuspended from trading on NASDAQ during the applicable measurement period and there is no threatened delisting or suspension, andthat the Company is otherwise in compliance with its agreements with the Note holders. The amount of shares that may be issued atmaturity may be subject to adjustment depending on the Note holder’s percentage ownership of the Company on an as-converted basisand if the Company’s stock price falls below $2.00 during the measurement period. As a result, the Company will have to pay at least$11.0 million in cash to satisfy the Notes on the due date unless the Notes are converted into common stock, redeemed or amended.In October 2005 and May 2006, certain holders of $13.0 million face amount of the Company’s senior convertible notes exercisedtheir optional conversion right to convert their notes plus accrued interest into 2,365,200 shares of Novavax common stock, at the pershare conversion price then in effect of $5.68 in 2005 and $5.46 in 2006. This reduced the aggregate principal amount of such notesoutstanding from $35.0 million to $22.0 million.In connection with the Amendments in June 2007, the Company recorded a debt discount of $852 and increased additional paid-incapital accordingly. The debt discount is being amortized over the remaining term of the Notes. Interest expense includes $259 and $221related to the amortization of the debt discount for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Company did notrecord any amortization of the debt discount for the year ended December 31, 2006.Aggregate future minimum principal payments on debt at December 31, 2008 are as follows:Year Amount (In thousands) 2009 $22,641 2010 382 2011 80 2012 27 2013 — $23,130 6. Sale of Common StockIn February 2006, the Company sold 4,597,700 shares of common stock at $4.35 per share for net proceeds of $19.9 million and inMarch 2006, the Company sold 5,205,480 shares of common stock at $7.30 per share for net proceeds of $36.1 million. These shareswere offered and sold pursuant to an existing shelf registration statement. The stock was offered and sold pursuant to an existing shelfregistration statement.During 2006, the Company received net proceeds of $1.7 million for the exercise of 497,613 common stock options at a range of$0.74 to $5.81 per share. During 2007, the Company received net proceeds of $89 from the exercise of 57,126 shares of common stockoptions at a range of $1.34 to $2.21 per share. During 2008, the Company received net proceeds of $329 from the exercise of 176,394common stock options at a range of $1.34 to $2.77 per share.On July 31, 2008, the Company completed a registered direct offering of 6,686,650 units (the “Units”), with each unit consisting ofone share of common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.5 shares of common stock at a price of $2.68 per unit (or $2.8425 per unit forunits sold to affiliates of the Company). The warrants represent the right to acquire an aggregate of 3,343,325 shares of common stock atan exercise price of $3.62 per share and are exercisable between January 31, 2009 and July 31, 2013. The net proceeds wereapproximately $17.4 million. TheF-22 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)purchasers in the offering were comprised of current and new institutional shareholders and affiliates of the Company. The securitiesdescribed above were offered by the Company pursuant to a registration statement previously filed and declared effective by theSecurities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).The Company estimated the fair value attributable to the warrants of approximately $4.1 million as of the date of grant by applyingthe Black-Scholes pricing valuation model. The Black-Scholes pricing valuation model utilized the following assumptions: a risk-freeinterest rate of 3.30%, expected volatility of 80.32%, and expected term of 5.0 years, dividend yield of 0.0% and a warrant issue datestock price of $2.52. The fair value of the warrants is included in additional paid-in-capital on the Company’s consolidated balancesheet.7. Stockholders’ EquityOn August 7, 2002, the Company adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan which provides for the issuance of rights to purchase shares ofSeries D Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Shares”), of the Company. Under the ShareholderRights Plan, the Company distributed one preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) for each outstanding share of common stock, parvalue $0.01 (the “Common Shares”), of the Company. The Rights were distributed to stockholders of record on August 16, 2002.Each Right entitles the holder to purchase from the Company one-thousandth of a Preferred Share at a price of $40, subject toadjustment. The Rights become exercisable, with certain exceptions, 10 business days after any party, without prior approval of theBoard of Directors, acquires or announces an offer to acquire beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the Company’s Common Shares. Inthe event that any party acquires 15% or more of the Company’s common stock, the Company enters into a merger or other businesscombination, or if a substantial amount of the Company’s assets are sold after the time that the Rights become exercisable, the Rightsprovide that the holder will receive, upon exercise, shares of the common stock of the surviving or acquiring company, as applicable,having a market value of twice the exercise price of the Right.The Rights expire August 7, 2012, and are redeemable by the Company at a price of $0.00025 per Right at any time prior to thetime that any party acquires 15% or more of the Company’s Common Shares. Until the earlier of the time that the Rights becomeexercisable, are redeemed or expire, the Company will issue one Right with each new Common Share issued.8. Stock Options and Restricted Stock AwardsThe Company recorded stock-based compensation costs in the consolidated statement of operation as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2006 (In thousands) Cost of products sold $— $35 $48 Research and development 750 573 $561 General and administrative 1,064 737 $1,167 Total stock-based compensation costs $1,814 $1,345 $1,776 The Company has granted stock option incentive awards under several plans. Under the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2005Plan”), approved in May 2005 and amended in June 2007 by the stockholders of the Company, options may be granted to officers,directors, employees, consultants and advisors to Novavax and any present or future subsidiary to purchase a maximum of 5.0 millionshares of Novavax common stock and an additional 565,724 shares of common stock that had been held in reserve under the Company’s1995 Stock Option Plan (the “1995 Plan”), were unused and were transferred to the Company 2005 Plan upon adoption. In addition, amaximum 5,746,468 shares of common stock subject to existing options under the 1995 Plan may revert to and becomeF-23 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)issuable under the 2005 Plan if such existing options granted under the 1995 Plan should for any reason expire or otherwise terminateunexercised.Under the 2005 Plan, the 1995 Plan and the 1995 Director Stock Option Plan (the “1995 Director Plan”) incentive stock options,having a maximum term of 10 years, can be or were granted at no less than 100% of the fair market value of Novavax’s stock at the timeof grant and are generally exercisable in cumulative increments over several years from the date of grant. Both incentive and non-statutory stock options may be granted under these plans. There is no minimum exercise price for non-statutory stock options.The exercise price is the fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Options granted toeligible directors are exercisable in full beginning six months after the date of grant and expire 10 years from the grant date. All optionsavailable under the 1995 Director Plan have been granted. Such options cease to be exercisable at the earlier of their expiration or threeyears after an eligible director ceases to be a director for any reason. In the event that an eligible director ceases to be a director onaccount of his or her death, any outstanding options (whether exercisable or not on the date of death) may be exercised within three yearsafter such date (subject to the condition that no such option may be exercised after the expiration of 10 years from its date of grant).Activity under the 2005 Plan, the 1995 Plan and the Director Plan for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007, and 2008 was asfollows: 2005 Stock Option Plan Weighted Average 1995 Stock Option Plan 1995 Director Stock Option Plan Exercise Weighted Average Weighted Average Stock Options Price Stock Options Exercise Price Stock Options Exercise Price Balance, January 1, 2006 2,103,925 $1.21 3,120,161 $5.3 170,000 $3.95 Granted 1,409,500 4.50 — — — — Exercised (235,571) 3.21 (242,042) 3.69 (20,000) 3.44 Expired or canceled (241,916) 2.41 (352,150) 5.46 — — Balance, December 31, 2006 3,035,938 2.49 2,525,969 5.43 150,000 4.01 Granted 1,633,900 2.88 — — — — Exercised (42,125) 1.34 (15,001) 2.21 — — Expired or canceled (509,025) 3.74 (459,136) 4.98 (30,000) 5.00 Balance, December 31, 2007 4,118,688 $2.50 2,051,832 $5.55 120,000 $3.77 Granted 934,900 2.58 — — Exercised (91,394) 1.56 (85,000) 2.20 — Expired or canceled (357,685) 3.59 (532,863) 6.26 (80,000) 2.84 Balance, December 31, 2008 4,604,509 $2.46 1,433,969 $5.43 40,000 $5.63 Shares exercisable at December 31,2008 2,252,461 $2.24 1,433,969 $5.43 40,000 $5.63 Available for grant at December 31,2008 3,185,928 F-24 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)The fair value of the stock options granted for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, was estimated at the date ofgrant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: 2008 2007 2006Weighted average fair value of options granted $1.59 $1.76 $2.75Risk-free interest rate 1.97% - 3.29% 3.93% - 4.62% 4.28% - 5.10%Dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%Volatility 81.14% - 87.78% 86.11% - 93.80% 85.0%Expected life (in years) 3.62-6.37 4.03 - 5.94 4.4Expected forfeiture rate 21.96% 20.34% 20.37%As of December 31, 2008, there was approximately $4,203,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense (net of estimateforfeitures) related to non vested options. This unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weightedaverage period of 1.9 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2008 and2007 was approximately $916 and $2,658, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable and vested, and optionsexpected to vest was $916 and $197 at December 31, 2008.During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company did not grant any shares of restricted common stock, but did redeem16,667 shares of restricted common stock, totaling $13 in value from the date of grant related to the termination of employees.During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company granted 160,000 shares of restricted common stock under the 2005 StockIncentive Plan totaling $443 in value at the date of grant to an employee, an officer and a board member of the Company. During theyear ended December 31, 2007, the Company also redeemed 60,001 shares of restricted Common Stock, totaling $237 in value from thedate of grant related to the termination of employees.During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company granted 285,500 shares of restricted Common Stock under the 2005 StockIncentive Plan totaling $1,453 in value at the date of grant to various employees, officers and a consultant to the Company. During theyear ended December 31, 2006, the Company also redeemed 81,532 shares of restricted Common Stock, totaling $84 in value from thedate of grant related to the termination of employees. In accordance with APB No. 25 and using the straight-line method of amortization,for the year ended December 31, 2006, $490 of non-cash stock compensation expense was included in total operating costs and expensesrelated to this restricted stock and additional paid-in capital was increased accordingly.Restricted stock grants vest over periods of up to three years or upon the achievement of certain milestones.9. Employee BenefitsThe Company maintains a defined contribution 401(k) retirement plan, pursuant to which employees who have completed 90 daysof service may elect to contribute up to 15% of their compensation on a tax deferred basis up to the maximum amount permitted by theInternal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.The Company currently matches 25% of the first 6% of the participants’ deferral. Contributions to the 401(k) plan vest equally overa three-year period. The Company has expensed approximately $770, $59 and $47 in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.10. Discontinued OperationsIn October 2007, the Company entered into agreements to terminate its supply agreements with Allergan. In connection with thetermination, the Company decided to wind down operations at its leased manufacturing facility in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Theresults of operations for the manufacturing facility are being reported asF-25 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)discontinued operations and the consolidated statements of operations for prior periods have been adjusted to reflect this presentation.The assets and liabilities related to the Company’s manufacturing of Estrasorb at a previously leased manufacturing facility inPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania had identifiable cash flows that were largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets andliabilities and the Company did not have a significant continuing involvement beyond one year after the closing of the Gracewaytransaction.Therefore, in accordance with SFAS No. 144, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets report the assets and liabilities relatedto the Company’s previously leased Philadelphia manufacturing facility as discontinued operations in all periods presented, and theresults of operations have been classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for allperiods presented. The following table presents summarized financial information for the Company’s discontinued manufacturingoperations presented in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006: 2008 2007 2006 (In thousands) Revenues $3,776 $1,913 $2,945 Cost of products sold 2,955 6,758 4,687 Excess inventory costs over market 548 1,267 1,549 Research and development — 63 200 General and administrative — — — Total operating expenses 3,503 8,088 6,436 Net income (loss) $273 $(6,175) $(3,491)The following table presents major classes of assets and liabilities that have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinuedoperations in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. 2008 2007 (In thousands) Accounts and other receivables, net $— $105 Inventory — 289 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 132 137 Current assets of discontinued operations $132 $531 Non-current assets held for sale $— $1,634 Accounts payable $209 $175 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 33 441 Current liabilities of discontinued operations $242 $616 In February 2008, the Company completed the sale of certain assets used in the production of Estrasorb to Graceway (See Note 3).As discussed above, the Company received an upfront payment from Graceway in connection with the execution of the agreements. Aspart of the asset purchase agreement, the Company transferred to Graceway the title to manufacturing equipment valued at $1.1 millionwith historical cost of $2.7 million related to the production of Estrasorb on the closing date, which had been included as assets ofdiscontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2007. During the year ended December 31,2008, the Company received an additional $242 (in addition to the $1.1 million noted above) from the sale of non-current assets held forsale included within discontinued operations. The remaining balance of $258 was impaired as of December 31, 2008 and operatingexpenses related to discontinued operations include $258 related to theF-26 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)impairment. Assets held for sale relate to discontinued operations and were recorded at their estimated net realizable value of $1,634 andare included in non-current assets of discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2007.The Company accrued $137,000 of estimated severance costs in its December 31, 2007 financial statements, in accordance withSFAS 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (“SFAS No. 146”). SFAS No. 146 requires that a liability fora cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. The liability was subsequently adjusted to$147,000. The corresponding liability was included in accrued expenses and other liabilities of discontinued operations and totaled$137 as of December 31, 2007. The severance payments covered seven employees associated with the production of Estrasorb, who wererequired to be employed until their employment was involuntarily terminated by the Company in order to receive the severance. Duringthe year ended December 31, 2008, the Company paid the severance and terminated the employees.11. Income TaxesFor the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, there is no current provision for income taxes and the deferred tax benefithas been entirely offset by valuation allowances. The difference between the amounts and income tax benefit that would result fromapplying domestic federal statutory income tax rates to the net loss and the net deferred tax assets is related to certain nondeductibleexpenses, state income taxes, and the change in the valuation allowance.Deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following at December 31: 2008 2007 (In thousands) Net operating losses $73,585 $62,436 Research tax credits 3,278 2,794 FAS 123R stock option compensation 836 584 Alternative minimum tax credit 94 94 Intangibles from acquisition 101 119 Allowance for doubtful accounts 86 369 Accrued vacation 129 111 Accrued bonuses — — Deferred rent 1,284 153 Impairment of assets held for sale 391 929 Reserve for auction rate securities 486 — State tax benefit 838 838 Restricted stock grants 72 122 Other 331 27 Total deferred tax assets 81,511 68,576 Convertible debt (88) (246)Deferred patent costs — (335)Depreciation (624) (604)Total deferred tax liabilities (712) (1,185)Net deferred tax assets 80,799 67,391 Less valuation allowance (80,799) (67,391)Deferred tax assets, net $— $— F-27 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)The differences between the United States federal statutory tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate are as follows: 2008 2007 2006 Statutory federal tax rate (34)% (34)% (34)%State income taxes, net of federal benefit (6)% (7)% (5)%Research and development credit (1)% —% —%Other —% 1% 1%Change in valuation allowance 41% 40% 38% —% —% —%Realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income, which is uncertain.Accordingly, a full valuation allowance was recorded against these assets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007.As such, the Company has recorded no net benefit for income taxes in 2008, 2007 and 2006 in the accompanying consolidatedfinancial statements due to the uncertainty regarding ultimate realization of certain net operating losses and other tax creditcarryforwards.Federal net operating losses per the company tax returns and tax credits available to the Company as of December 31, 2008 are asfollows: (In thousands) Federal net operating losses expiring through the year 2028 $193,574 State net operating losses expiring through the year 2028 $193,574 Research tax credits expiring through the year 2028 $3,278 Alternative-minimum tax credit (no expiration) $94 The Federal net operating losses above are net of the FIN 48 liability net operating losses of $6,416 and the $1,683 excess benefitsassociated with equity-based compensation. The research and development credits are net of the FIN 48 liability credits of $801.Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards and credit may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownershipchange limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. The Company has notperformed a detailed analysis to determine whether an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code occurred. Theeffect of an ownership change would be the imposition of an annual limitation on the use of net operating loss carryforwards attributableto periods before the change.Beginning in 2006, the windfall equity-based compensation deductions will be tracked off balance sheet in conformity withSFAS No. 123R, Footnote 82. During 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded $167, $379 and $1,137, respectively, of windfallstock compensation deductions that are being tracked off balance sheet. If and when realized, the tax benefit associated with thesedeductions will be credited to additional paid-in capital. These excess benefit deductions are included in the total Federal net operatinglosses disclosed above.F-28 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Tabular Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (in thousands):Unrecognized tax benefits — as of January 1, 2007 $5,495 Gross increases — tax positions in prior period — Gross decreases — tax position in prior period (67)Gross increases — current-period tax positions 685 Increases (decreases) from settlements — Unrecognized tax benefits — as of December 31, 2007 6,113 Gross increases — tax positions in prior period — Gross decreases — tax position in prior period (193)Gross increases — current-period tax positions 619 Increases (decreases) from settlements — Unrecognized tax benefits — as of December 31, 2008 $6,539 As a result of the adoption of FIN 48, the Company recorded $5.0 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits. The $4.2 million ofnet unrecognized tax benefits was accounted for as a $4.2 million reduction to the balance of deferred tax assets and a corresponding$4.2 million dollar reduction of the valuation allowances. Therefore, we did not record any adjustment to the beginning balance ofretained earnings in our balance sheet. To the extent these unrecognized tax benefits are ultimately recognized it would affect the annualeffective income tax rate. The Company and its subsidiary file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various states.The Company had tax net operating loss and credit carryforwards that are subject to examination for a number of years beyond the yearin which they are utilized for tax purposes. Since a portion of these carryforwards will be utilized in the future, many of these attributecarryforwards may remain subject to examination.The table above also reflects unrecognized windfall tax benefits from the exercise of stock options and the vesting of restrictedstock. The amounts were $467, $155 and $68 as of adoption, December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2008, respectively.The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As ofDecember 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had no accruals for interest or penalties related to income tax matters.12. Commitments and ContingenciesOperating LeasesIn July 2004, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a 32,900 square foot facility in Malvern, Pennsylvania for theconsolidation and expansion of its corporate headquarters and product development activities. The lease, with a commencement date ofSeptember 15, 2004, has an initial term of ten years with two five-year renewal options. Standard annual escalation rental rates were ineffect during the initial lease term. In April 2006, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with Sterilox Technologies, Inc., nowknown as PuriCore, Inc., to sublease 20,469 square feet of the Malvern corporate headquarters at premium price per square foot. Thesublease had a commencement date of July 1, 2006 and expires on September 30, 2009.In October 2006, the Company entered into an Amendment to the Sublease Agreement with PuriCore, Inc. to sublease an additional7,500 square feet of the Malvern corporate headquarters at a premium price per square foot. This amendment expires on September 30,2009. In March 2009, the Company further amended the sublease with PuriCore. The amendment, which is effective as of November 1,2008, extends the term of the sublease until September 30, 2011, expands the sublease premises to include all of the approximately32,900 rentable square feetF-29 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)and grants PuriCore the option to renew the lease for an additional three year term. As a result of the premium price received on thesesublease agreements, there were no facility exit costs associated with these transactions.On October 6, 2006, the Company and Human Genome Sciences, Inc. executed a sublease agreement (the “HGS Sublease”) forapproximately 51,000 square feet of office, laboratory and administrative space in Rockville, Maryland. The office space is being usedas the Company’s corporate headquarters, laboratory facilities and the Company’s recently built-out manufacturing facility. The term ofthe HGS Sublease commenced on December 12, 2006, or the date on which a certain portion of the leased space was delivered to theCompany, and expires in December 2012.On June 26, 2008, the Company amended the HGS Sublease. The amendment (1) extended the terms of the lease to January 31,2017, (2) provided that the landlord reimburse Novavax for up to $3.0 million in leasehold improvements (the “Allowance”) and(3) increased the monthly installments of base rent going forward by an amount equal to the monthly amortization of the Allowance overthe remaining term of the lease at 11% interest, or an additional $45 per month. The additional monthly rent is subject to the annual2.125% escalation included in the original lease. On June 27, 2008, the Company received $3.0 million from the landlord asreimbursement for leasehold improvements. The amount received was recorded as deferred rent on the balance sheet and is beingamortized as a credit to rent expense over the remaining lease term.In October 2008, the Company vacated its Taft Court facility in Rockville, Maryland. The Company accrued $356 related to theremaining lease payments for this facility. See Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Facility Exit Costs.Total rent expenses approximated $2,719, $2,373 and $1,115 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.Rent expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 includes the accrual related to the Taft Court facility discussed above.Future minimum rental commitments under non-cancellable leases as of December 31, 2008 are as follows (in thousands): Operating Net Operating Year Leases Sub-Leases Leases 2009 $2,263 $326 $1,937 2010 2,088 338 1,750 2011 2,087 261 1,826 2012 2,132 — 2,132 2013 2,179 — 2,179 Thereafter 6,399 — 6,399 Total minimum lease payments $17,148 $925 $16,223 13. Related Party TransactionsOn March 21, 2002, pursuant to the Novavax, Inc. 1995 Stock Option Plan, the Company approved the payment of the exerciseprice of options by two of its directors, through the delivery of full-recourse, interest-bearing promissory notes in the aggregate amountof $1,480. The borrowings accrue interest at 5.07% per annum and are secured by an aggregate of 261,667 shares of common stockowned by the directors. The notes were payable upon the earlier to occur of the following: (i) the date on which the director ceases forany reason to be a director of the Company, (ii) in whole, or in part, to the extent of net proceeds, upon the date on which the directorsells all or any portion of the pledged shares or (iii) payable in full on March 21, 2007.In May 2006, one of these directors resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors. Following his resignation, the Companyapproved an extension of the former director’s $448 note to December 31, 2007 orF-30 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)earlier to the extent of the net proceeds of the pledged shares. In connection with this extension, the former director executed a generalrelease of all claims against the Company. As of December 31, 2007, the interest accrued on this note totaled $131 and was fully reservedsince management believes collectability of this amount was uncertain.On May 7, 2008, the Company and the former director entered into an Amended and Restated Promissory Note and an Amendedand Restated Pledge Agreement (the “Amendment”). The Amendment restates the entire amount outstanding as of December 31, 2007,including accrued interest, or $579, as the new outstanding principal amount. Furthermore, the Amendment extends the maturity date ofthe note to June 30, 2009, permits the Company to sell the pledged shares if the market price of the common stock as reported onNASDAQ Global Market exceeds certain targets, increases the interest rate to 8.0% and stipulates quarterly payments beginning onJune 30, 2008. The Company received a first payment of $50 in July 2008 and a second payment of $5 in October 2008. In January2009, the Company received an additional payment of $10.In March 2007, the second director resigned from the Board of Directors. In an agreement dated May 7, 2007, the Board agreed toextend the note that was due March 21, 2007 to June 30, 2009 and secured additional collateral in the form of a lien on certainoutstanding stock options. Also under the May 7, 2007 agreement, the Company has the right to exercise the stock options, sell theacquired shares and the other shares held as collateral and use the proceeds to pay the debt, if the share price exceeds $7.00 at any timeduring the period between May 7, 2007 and June 30, 2009. The note continues to accrue interest at 5.07% per annum and continues tobe secured by 166,666 shares of common stock owned by the former director. As of December 31, 2007, the interest accrued on the notetotaled $302 and was fully reserved since management believed collectability of this amount was uncertain.The Company continues to actively work with these two individuals to collect the amounts outstanding and reserves its rights tolegal remedies available to it.On April 27, 2007 and effective as of March 31, 2007, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Mr. John Lambert,the Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors. The agreement terminates on March 8, 2010, unless terminated sooner by eitherparty upon 30 days written notice. Under the agreement, Mr. Lambert is expected to devote one-third of his time to the Company’sactivities. As a consultant, Mr. Lambert is required to work closely with the senior management of the Company on matters related toclinical development of its vaccine products, including manufacturing issues, FDA approval strategy and commercialization strategy.His annual compensation is $220 in consideration for his consulting services. Additionally, on March 7, 2007, the Company grantedMr. Lambert 100,000 shares of restricted common stock, under the 2005 Plan totaling $277 in value at the date of grant and 250,000stock options under the 2005 Plan with a fair value of approximately $420. Both the restricted stock and stock options vest upon theachievement of certain milestones. On March 6, 2008, the Company granted Mr. Lambert 25,000 stock options under the 2005 Plan witha fair value of approximately $41. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded consulting expenses forMr. Lambert of $220, and $180 respectively, in accordance with the consulting agreement. The Company did not record any consultingfees to Mr. Lambert for the year ended December 31, 2006.Several affiliates of the Company participated in the registered direct offering that was completed on July 31, 2008. Affiliates thatparticipated in the offering purchased units, consisting of one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.5 shares of commonstock, at a purchase price of $2.8425 per unit. Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Beyers, a shareholder holding more than 5% of the outstandingcommon stock of the Company, purchased 351,803 units for $1.0 million and Gary Evans, the Company’s lead director, purchased67,756 units for $193. Thomas Monath, a director of the Company, is also a partner of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Beyers.The other affiliates that participated included Michael McManus, Thomas Monath, and John Lambert, directors of the Company,Rahul Singhvi, President and Chief Executive Officer, Len Stigliano, former Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, PennyHeaton, Chief Medical Officer, James Robinson, Vice President of Technical and Quality Operations, Thomas Johnston, Vice Presidentof Strategy and Prospect VentureF-31 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Partners III, LP, a shareholder then holding more than 5% of the outstanding common stock of the Company. Jim Tananbaum, a directorof the Company, is also a managing director of Prospect Venture Partners. These affiliates purchased an aggregate of 115,974 units for$330.14. Subsequent EventsOn March 31, 2009, Company and Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of India (“Cadila”) enteredinto a Joint Venture Agreement (the “JVA”) pursuant to which the Company and Cadila formed CPL Biologicals Limited, a joint venture(the “JV”), of which 80% will be owned by Cadila and 20% is owned by the Company. The JV must obtain approval from India’sForeign Investment Promotion Board (the “FIPB”) prior to issuing shares to Novavax. The JV will develop and commercialize theCompany’s seasonal influenza virus-like-particle (VLP)-based vaccine candidate and Cadila’s therapeutic vaccine candidates againstcancer as well as its adjuvants, biogeneric products and other diagnostic products for the territory of India. Novavax will also contributeto the JV technology for the development of several other VLP vaccine candidates against diseases of public health concern in theterritory, such as hepatitis E and chikungunya fever. Cadila will contribute approximately $8 million over three years to support the JV’soperations. The JV will be responsible for clinical testing and registration of products that will be marketed and sold in India.The board of directors of the JV consists of five members, three of whom (including the Chairman of the board) are nominated byCadila and two of whom are nominated by Novavax. If the board is not in unanimous agreement on an issue, the CEOs of the Companyand Cadila will work to resolve the issue. If the CEOs cannot resolve the issue in five business days, a vote by the majority of the boardwill decide. However, the approval of the Company and Cadila, as shareholders of the JV, and the board of directors of the JV is requiredfor (1) the sale of all or most of the assets of the JV, (2) a change in control of the JV, (3) the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of theJV, (4) any occurrence of indebtedness that results in the JV having a debt-to-equity ratio of 3-to-1 or greater, or (5) most amendments ofthe JVA or the JV’s Articles of Association.The JV has the right to negotiate a definitive agreement for rights to for certain future Novavax products (other than RSV) andcertain future Cadila products in India prior to Novavax or Cadila licensing such rights to a third party. Novavax has the right tonegotiate the licensing of vaccines developed by the joint venture using Novavax’s technology for commercialization in every countryexcept for India and vaccines developed by the joint venture using Cadila’s technology for commercialization in certain other countries,including the United States.In connection with the JVA, on March 31, 2009, the Company also entered into license agreement, an option to enter into a licenseagreement, a technical services agreement and a supply agreement with the JV.Also on March 31, 2009, Novavax entered into a binding, non-cancellable Stock Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with SatelliteOverseas (Holdings) Limited (“SOHL”), a subsidiary of Cadila, pursuant to which SOHL has agreed to purchase 12.5 million shares ofCompany common stock, par value $0.01 (the “Common Stock”) at the market price of $0.88 per share. Novavax expects to deliver theshares of Common Stock on April 1, 2009. The Company expects to raise gross proceeds of $11 million in the offering. The net proceedsto the Company from the sale of the Common Stock, after deducting estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, isapproximately $10.65 million.The SPA provides that, as long as SOHL owns more than 5% of the Company’s then-outstanding Common Stock, SOHL maypurchase a pro-rata portion of any Company Common Stock sale or issuance. Under the SPA, certain issuances are exempt from SOHL’spre-emptive right, including shares issued (1) as stock dividends, stock splits, or otherwise payable pro rata to all holders of CommonStock; (2) to employees, officers, directors or consultants of the Company pursuant to an employee benefit program; (3) upon theconversion or exercise of any options, warrants or other rights to purchase Common Stock; and (4) as consideration for a merger,consolidation, purchase of assets, or in connection with a joint venture or strategic partnership. However, any issuances pursuant to(4) above, must be approved by a majority of the full board and, if the transaction exceeds 5% of the Company’s then issued andoutstanding shares of Common Stock, the per share purchase price cannot be less than $0.88.F-32 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)Under the SPA, for so long as SOHL owns 5% of the Company’s Common Stock, SOHL may designate one member of theCompany’s board of directors.Finally, on March 31, 2009, Novavax and Cadila entered into a Master Services Agreement (the “Master Services Agreement”)pursuant to which Novavax may request services from Cadila in the areas of biologics research, preclinical development, clinicaldevelopment, process development, manufacturing scale up, and general manufacturing related services in India. If, at the thirdanniversary of the Master Services Agreement, the amount of services provided by Cadila is less than $7.5 million, Novavax will payCadila a portion of the shortfall. Novavax will have to pay Cadila the portion of the shortfall amount that is less than or equal to$2.0 million and 50% of the portion of the shortfall amount that exceeds $2.0 million. When calculating the shortfall, the amount ofservices provided by Cadila includes amounts that have been paid under all project plans, the amounts that will be paid under ongoingexecuted project plans and amounts for services that had been offered to Cadila, that Cadila was capable of performing, but exercised itsright not to accept such project. The term of the Master Services Agreement is five years, but may be terminated by either party if there isa material breach that is not cured within 30 days of notice or, at any time after three years, provided that 90 days prior notice is given tothe other party.At the Market IssuanceOn January 12, 2009 the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”), with Wm Smith &Co. (“Wm Smith”), under which the Company may sell an aggregate of up to $25.0 million in gross proceeds of the Company’s commonstock from time to time through Wm Smith, as the agent for the offer and sale of the common stock. The board of directors has authorizedthe sale of up to 12.5 million shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement. Based on the trading price of the Company’s commonstock, the Company may not be able to raise the full $25.0 million in gross proceeds permitted under the Sales Agreement. Wm Smithmay sell the common stock by any method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined inRule 415 of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly on NASDAQ Global Market, on any other existingtrading market for the common stock or to or through a market maker. Wm Smith may also sell the common stock in privately negotiatedtransactions, subject to the Company’s prior approval. The Company will pay Wm Smith a commission equal to 3% of the grossproceeds of the sales price of all common stock sold through it as sales agent under the Sales Agreement. In the first quarter of 2009, theCompany sold 70,500 shares and received net proceeds in the amount of $121, under the Sales Agreement.F-33 NOVAVAX, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)15. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)The Company’s unaudited quarterly information is as follows: Quarter Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (In thousands, except per share data) 2008 Summary Statement of Operations: Revenues $458 $342 $194 $70 Cost of products sold — — — — Research and developments 4,434 5,380 8,655 5,865 Selling, general and administrative 3,244 3,166 1,265 3,415 Net Interest and other expense (income), net (117) 110 604 1,365 Loss from continuing operations (7,103) (8,314) (10,330) (10,575)(Loss) income from discontinued operations (652) (1,058) 2,488 (505)Net loss $(7,755) $(9,372) $(7,842) $(11,080)Basic and diluted net loss per share: Loss from continuing operations $(0.12) $(0.14) $(0.16) $(0.11)(Loss) income from discontinued operations (0.01) (0.02) 0.04 (0.04)Net loss per share $(0.13) $(0.15) $(0.12) $(0.15)2007 Summary Statement of Operations: Revenues $257 $111 $762 $383 Cost of products sold (154) 428 (40) (13)Research and developments 3,653 3,992 5,778 4,177 Selling, general and administrative 4,597 3,362 3,085 2,919 Net Interest and other (income), net (604) (531) (291) (255)Loss from continuing operations (7,235) (7,140) (7,770) (6,445)Loss from discontinued operations (1,153) (1,054) (1,196) (2,772)Net loss $(8,388) $(8,194) $(8,966) $(9,217)Basic and diluted net loss per share: Loss from continuing operations $(0.12) $(0.11) $(0.13) $(0.16)Loss from discontinued operations (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.01)Net loss per share $(0.14) $(0.13) $(0.15) $(0.16)The net income (loss) per share was calculated for each three-month period on a stand-alone basis. As a result, the sum of the netincome (loss) per share for the four quarters does not equal the net income (loss) per share for the respective twelve-month period.F-34Exhibit 23.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe have issued our reports dated March 31, 2009, with respect to the consolidated financial statements, and internal control over financial reportingincluded in the Annual Report of Novavax, Inc. and subsidiary on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. We hereby consent to the incorporationby reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of Novavax, Inc. and subsidiary on Forms S-3 (File No. 333-138893, effective December 11, 2006;No. 333-130568 effective December 21, 2005; No. 333-118210 effective August 13, 2004; No. 333-118181 effective August 12, 2004; and No. 333-22685effective March 4, 1997) and on Forms S-8 (File No. 333-145298 effective August 9, 2007; No. 33-80277 effective December 11, 1995; No. 33-80279effective December 11, 1995; No. 333-130990 effective January 12, 2006; No. 333-110401 effective November 12, 2003; No. 333-97931 effective August 9,2002; No. 333-46000 effective September 18, 2000 and File No. 333-77611, effective May 3, 1999)./s/ Grant Thornton LLPBaltimore, MarylandMarch 31, 2009 Exhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER I, Rahul Singhvi, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Novavax, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and we have: a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluations; and d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theregistrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likelyto adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting. By: /s/ Rahul Singhvi President and Chief Executive Officer Date: March 31, 2009 Exhibit 31.2CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER I, Evdoxia E. Kopsidas, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Novavax, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and we have: a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluations; and d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theregistrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likelyto adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting. By: /s/ Evdoxia E. Kopsidas Director of Finance and Interim Principal Accounting Officer (performing functions similar to a principal financial officer)Date: March 31, 2009 Exhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 UNITED STATES C. §1350(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002) In connection with the Annual Report of Novavax, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 as filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Rahul Singhvi, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, herebycertify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that: 1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and 2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for thedates and periods covered by this Report. By: /s/ Rahul Singhvi Title: President and Chief Executive OfficerDate: March 31, 2009 Exhibit 32.2CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER PURSUANT TO18 UNITED STATES C. §1350,(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002) In connection with the Annual Report of Novavax, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 as filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Evdoxia E. Kopsidas, Director of Finance and Interim Principal Accounting Officer,hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that: 1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and 2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for thedates and periods covered by this Report. By: /s/ Evdoxia E. Kopsidas Director of Finance Interim Principal Accounting Officer (performing functions similar to a principal financial officer)Date: March 31, 2009 

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