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Olympic Steel
Annual Report 2018

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FY2018 Annual Report · Olympic Steel
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2018 Annual Report

About the Company

We are a leading metals service center that operates in three reportable segments; Carbon Flat Products, Specialty Metals

Flat Products, and Tubular and Pipe Products. We provide metals processing and distribution services for a wide ran

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ge of

customers. Our Carbon Flat Products segment’s focus is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed

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products and fabricated parts. Through the acquisition of Berlin Metals, LL

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C (Berlin Metals) on April 2, 2018, our Specialty

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parts supplied to various industrial markets through our Tubular and Pipe Products segment. Products that require more value-

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product mix, the amount of processin

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g perfrr ormed, the demand

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for and availabilit

y of metals, and volatilit

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y in selling prices

and material purchase costs. We also perfrr orm toll processin

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g of customer-owned metals.

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Our January 2, 2019, acquisition of

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downstream acquisition of a manu

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facturer of metal-intensive branded products, which allows us to deplo

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y our purchasing,

logistics and processing expertise to achieve synergies.  

Financial Information

In thousands, except per-share and ratio data

      2018

      2017

      2016

For the Year

     Net sales

    Operating income

     Net income (loss)

    Net income (loss) per diluted share

     Weighted average diluted shares outstanding

     Capital expenditures

At Year End

     Accounts receivable, net

     Inventories

     Total assets

     Total debt

     Shareholders’ equity

     Shareholders’ equity per share

     Debt-to-equity ratio

  1,330,696)
$  1,715,081) $  1,330,696

  1,055,116)
$  1,055,116

57,052)

33,759)

2.95)

11,440)

25,715)

175,252)

368,738)
368,73

760,740)
760,74

302,530)

306,991)

27.89)

23,986)

18,963)

1.67)

11,381)
11,38

10,160)
10,16

132,737)

275,307)
275,30

604,15

04,158)

197,165)

272,583)

24.80)

5,748)

(1,078)

(0.10)

11,210)
11,21

6,824,824)

101,902)

254,526)
254,526

556,06

56,068)

166,424)

253,390)

23.11)

0.99 to 1)

0.72 to 1)

0.66 to 1)

2018 Letter to Shareholders

Dear Fellow Shareholders,

2018 was a landmark year for 

ff Olympic Steel. Against a strong economic backdrop and favorable governmental policies, we

successfully executed on our strategy to grow our core businesses, while diversifyff ing in areas with higher returns and less

volatility. In 2018, all three operating segments – Carbon Flat Products, Specialty Metals Flat Products and Tubular and Pipe

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year in our Company’s history.

This past year brought historic tax reform with the implementation o

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f the Tax

Cuts and Jobs Act. U.S. GDP grew at the highest

rate since 2005, and the manufacturing sector experienced its best year in net job gains since 1997, with more than 80% of thef

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in the United States in March 2018, which led to a sharp increase in domestic metal prices.

The strong economy, healthy customer demand and higher prices helped create the environment that enabled us to achieve

record sales across all three business segments and record consolidated net sales of $1.7 billion. In addition, both Specialty

2018 HIGHLIGHTS

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We continued to strengthen our balance sheet. We increased

the size of our asset-based credit facility from $400 million to

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(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:192)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:192)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)

capital to fund growth objb ectives in our core businesses and to

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acquisition of Berlin Metals in April 2018 and the acquisition o

f

f

McCullough Industries in January 2019. 

The $57 million in consolidated operating income 

in 2018 was more than twice as much as in 2017. 

In addition, 2018 marked our third consecutive year 

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(cid:73)

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•  The Berlin Metals acquisition expands our product line with prime tin mill offerings, accelerates the growth of our 

f

stainless  steel  business,  and further  supports  our  growth  strategy  by  adding  new  customers  and  markets  with 

additional cross-selling opportunities.

•  The acquisition of Mc

f

Cullough Industries – a manufacturer of branded sel

f

ff
f-dumpin

g hoppers used in a variety of

industrial  applications  –  marks  our  entry  into  the  metal-intensive  branded  product  manufacturing  business.  This

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and reduce volatility.

2018 Letter to Shareholders

While  we  see  further  opportunity  for  tuck-in  acquisitions  of  metal-intensive  branded  product  manufacturers,  the  effort  to

diversify our business is complementary to our strategy to grow our three core businesses. We continued to fund organic

growth initiatives in our core business segments in 2018 with $26 million in capital expenditures. These investments included:

•  Expanding our Schaumburg, Illinois, building by 42,000 square feet and adding a new cut-to-length line to process

white metals, which became operational in January 2019;

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increase our value-added margins and improve productivity;

•  Adding a second slitter at Integrity Stainless, a specialty metals division, in Streetsboro, Ohio, to support our growing

stainless steel business; and

•  Installing a new rotary shear to our temper mill in Iowa, which improves our productivity and reduces cost.

Achievements During Michael Siegal’s Tenure

ff

On  behalf of
Olympic  Steel  Board  and  leadership 
f
f  the 
team,  we  would  like  to  express  our  sincere  gratitude  to
Michael  Siegal  for  his  man
y  important  contributions  to
our  Company.  During  his  45 years  with Olympic Steel, 
including 34 years as CEO, Michael provided remarkable
vision  and  leadership,  as  our  Company  and  industry
experienced profound changes.

To  understand  the  impact  of  Michael’s  le
gacy  as CEO,
f
consider that between 1984 and 2018, Olympic Steel grew
from  a  single-location,  privately  owned  $35  million  sales
organization  to  a  $1.7  billion  public  company  with  North
American  processing  and  distribution  capabilities  from 
31 facilities.  Under  his  leadership,  sustainable,  quality
employment was created with approximately 1,800 skilled
and dedicated Olympic Steel employees now participating
in the American industrial economy. Michael also led the

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stainless steel, pipe and tube, tin plate, and most recently,
metal-intensive branded products.

Most  importantly,  as  CEO,  Michael  instilled  an  enduring
set of values – grounded in a commitment to safety, hard
work,  quality,  customer  service,  and giving  back  to  our 
communities. As a result, Olympic Steel is highly regarded
as a great place to work, enjoys excellent customer loyalty
and is well positioned for future growth.

We  thank  him and  look forward  to  his continued contri-
butions as Executive Chairman.

We  continued  to  invest  in  our  communities  in  2018.

Our  employees  consistently  exemplify Olympic  Steel’s

core  value  of Corporate Citizenship  through  a  strong

commitment  to  the  communities  in  which  we  operate.

In  April  2018,  our  employees  exceeded  $1  million  in

donations  to  the  Make-A-Wish®  Foundation.  I  am  proud 

®

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the  Hope Stout  Society,  which  Make-A-Wish®  America 

®

created  to  recognize  donors  that  attain  the  $1  million

giving milestone.

LEADERSHIP TRANSITION

This  was  also  a  landmark year  for  leadership  transition,

ff

culminating a multi-year effort of comprehensive develop-

ment and succession planning across the Company. There

were  several  planned  changes  on  the  senior  leadership

team, including my transition to Executive Chairman after 

ff

34  years  as  CEO.  Effective  January  1,  2019,  Richard

Marabito  became  our  new CEO  and  was  named  as  a

member  of  the  Board.  Rick 

f

joined  the  Company  as  our 

Treasurer  and Corporate  Controller  in  1994  and  has

served as CFO for the past 18 years, ensuring a seamless 

transition.  The  Board could  not  have chosen  a better 

person to lead Olympic Steel.

We also welcomed Dr. Idalene Kesner as an independent 

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nationally acclaimed Kelley School of Business at Indiana

f

University,  in  Bloomington,  Indiana  –  a  position  she  has 

2018 Letter to Shareholders

held since 2013. She has exceptional business acumen and experience with a wide range of strategic matters that will help 

us as we strive to continue growing shareholder value.

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roles  of increasin

f

g  responsibility  within  the  Company  including  Vice  President,  Human  Resources  and  Administration; 

Corporate Controller; and Director of Taxes and Risk Mana

f

gement. Financially, we are in good hands with Rich as our CFO.

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1999 and rose through various positions of increasin

f

g responsibility in accounting and treasury.  Since 2010, Lisa has served

as our Corporate Controller, a position she will continue to hold in addition to serving as our Treasurer.

Other notable transitions during the year included the promotions of Tom 

f

Sacco, Andrew Wolfort, Terr

ff

y Rohde and Steve West

to Vice Presidents; Matt Grussing, Lauren Sulla and Joe Casey became General Managers; and new additions to our team

include Andy Annakin as Director of Plate

f

Sales and Tony Domenic as Safety Director.

The carefully planned leadership transition, along with all of these appointments, stren

f

gthen our team and position Olympic

Steel well for continued lon

ff

g-term growth and success.

2019 AND BEYOND

Looking at 2019 and beyond, we will continue to build on the solid foundation o

ff

f
f our endurin

g set of core values, includin

f

g

an unwavering commitment to improving safety and a dedication to quality and customer service, while creating a winning

culture  through  internal  communication,  education  and  leadership  development.  It  has  always  been  my  belief  that 

f

great

people with solid values lead to outstanding results. We look forward to improvin

ff

g returns and reducing volatility by investing

in our core businesses and expanding and diversifyff ing our capabilities with investments such as our recent move into metal-

intensive branded product manufacturing.

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(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:73)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:191)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)

(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)

(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:191)(cid:87)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:17)

In closing, I would like to thank our dedicated employees, loyal customers and engaging shareholders for their unwaverin

ff

g

support during my 45 years with Olympic Steel. I look forward to servin

ff

g you in my new capacity as Executive Chairman. And

to our employees, “Remember, cash is king.”

Sincerely,

Michael D. Siegal

March 15, 2019

[This page intentionally left blank] 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

( X ) 

For The Year Ended December 31, 2018 

,

(    ) 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For The Transition Period From _______________ To _______________  

Commission File Number 0-23320 
OLYMPIC STEEL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

                                             Ohio                             

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 

22901 Millcreek Boulevard, Suite 650, Highland Hills, OH 
(Address of principal executive offices) 

34-1245650

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
44122
(Zip Code) 

Registrant's telephone number, including area code (216) 292-3800

(

)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class 
Common Stock, without par value  

Name of each Exchange on which registered
g
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC 

g

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes (  ) No (X) 
Indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  registrant  is  not  required  to  file  reports  pursuant  to  Section  13  or  Section  15(d)  of  the  Exchange  Act. 
Yes (  ) No (X)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes (X) No (  )
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to submit such files). Yes (X) No (  )
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be 
contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this 
Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. (X)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” 
and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one:) 

d

uu

Large accelerated filer (  ) 
Non-accelerated filer (  )  

Accelerated filer (X) 
Small reporting company (  ) 
Emerging growth company (  ) 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying 
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. (  ) 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).      Yes (  ) No (X)
As of June 29, 2018, the aggregate market value of voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant based on the closing price at which 
such stock was sold on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date approximated $186,189,399.   
The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of February 15, 2019 was 11,008,399. 

ff

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a definitive Proxy Statement pursuant to Regulation 14A of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days of the close of its fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, portions of which document 
shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K from the date such document is filed. 

ff

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pageg

Part I

Item 1. 
Business ..................................................................................................................................................... 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors ............................................................................................................................................... 
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments ..................................................................................................................... 
Properties ................................................................................................................................................... 
Item 2. 
Item 3. 
Legal Proceedings  .................................................................................................................................... 
Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures  ........................................................................................................................... 
................. 
Executive Officers of the Registrant  .......................................................................................

f

Part II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity

Securities ................................................................................................................................................... 
Item 6. 
Selected Financial Data ............................................................................................................................. 
Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  ................... 
Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ................................................................... 
Item 8. 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ......................................................................................... 
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure .................... 
Item 9. 
Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures  ........................................................................................................................... 
Item 9B.  Other Information ...................................................................................................................................... 

Part III

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ........................................................................ 
Item 11.  Executive Compensation ........................................................................................................................... 
Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters .. 
Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence .......................................... 
Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services .................................................................................................... 

t

Part IV

Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules  ............................................................................................ 
Index to Exhibits ....................................................................................................................................... 
Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary ................................................................................................................................ 
Signatures .................................................................................................................................................. 

1
11
18
19
20
20
21

22
23
24
42
43
72
72
72

73
73
73
73
73

74
74
76
77

i

  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

The Company

We are a leading metals service center that operates in three reportable segments; carbon flat products, specialty metals flat 
products,  and  tubular  and  pipe  products.   We  provide  metals  processing  and  distribution services  for  a  wide  range  of 
customers.  Our carbon flat products segment’s focus is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed 
carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts.  Our specialty metals flat products segment’s
focus is on the direct sale and distribution of processed aluminum and stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar 
products and fabricated parts.  Through the acquisition of Berlin Metals, LLC (Berlin Metals) on April 2, 2018, our specialty
metals flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include differing types of stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil
and prime tin mill products.  In addition, we distribute metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricate pressure parts
supplied to various industrial markets through our tubular and pipe products segment.  Products that require more value-
added  processing  generally  have  a  higher gross profit.   Accordingly, our overall  gross  profit  is  affected by,  among  other 
things, product mix, the amount of processing performed, the demand for and availability of metals, and volatility in selling 
prices and material purchase costs.  We also perform toll processing of customer-owned metals. We sell certain products 
internationally, primarily in Canada and Mexico.  International sales are immaterial to our consolidated financial results and 
to the individual segments’ results. 

We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio. Our executive offices are located at 22901 Millcreek Boulevard,
Suite  650,  Highland  Hills,  Ohio  44122.  Our  telephone  number  is  (216)  292-3800,  and  our  website  address  is 
www.olysteel.com. We are not including the information on our website as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into,
this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

ff

Industry Overview 

The  metals  industry  is  comprised  of  three  types  of  entities:  metals  producers,  intermediate  metals  processors  and  metals 
service centers. Metals producers have historically emphasized the sale of metals to volume purchasers and have generally 
viewed intermediate metals processors and metals service centers as part of their customer base. However, all three types of 
entities can compete for certain customers who purchase large quantities of metals. Intermediate metals processors tend to
serve as processors in large quantities for metals producers and major industrial consumers of processed metals, including
automobile and appliance manufacturers. 

Services  provided  by  metals  service  centers  can  range  from  storage  and  distribution  of  unprocessed  metal  products  to 
complex, precision value-added metals processing. Metals service centers respond directly to customer needs and emphasize
value-added processing of metals pursuant to specific customer demands, such as cutting-to-length, slitting, shearing, roll
forming,  shape  correction  and  surface  improvement,  blanking,  tempering,  plate  burning  and  stamping.  These  processes 
produce  metals  to  specified  lengths,  widths,  shapes  and  surface  characteristics  through the  use of specialized  equipment.
Metals  service  centers  typically  have  lower  cost  structures  than,  and  provide  services  and  value-added  processing  not 
otherwise available from, metals producers. 

n

End product manufacturers and other metals users seek to purchase metals on shorter lead times and with more frequent and 
reliable deliveries than can normally be provided by metals producers. Metals service centers generally have lower labor 
costs than metals producers and consequently process metals on a more cost-effective basis. In addition, due to this lower 
cost structure, metals service centers are able to handle orders in quantities smaller than would be economical for metals 
producers. The benefits to customers purchasing products from metals service centers include lower inventory levels, lower 
overall cost of raw materials, more timely response and decreased manufacturing time and expense. Customers also benefit 
from  a  lower  investment  in  production  labor,  buildings  and  equipment,  which  allows them  to  focus  on  the  engineering,
assembly and marketing of their products. We believe that customers’ demands for just-in-time delivery have made the value-
added inventory, processing and delivery functions performed by metals service centers increasingly important. 

n

 Page 1 

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
Corporate History

Our company was founded in 1954 by the Siegal family as a general steel service center. In the late 1980s, our business 
strategy changed from a focus on warehousing and distributing steel from a single facility with no major processing equipment
to a focus on geographic and product growth, customer diversity and value-added processing. An integral part of our growth 
has been the acquisition and start-up of processing and sales operations, and the investment in processing equipment. In 1994,
we completed an initial public offering and, in 1996, we completed a follow-on offering of our common stock.

y

In  July  2011,  we  acquired  Chicago  Tube  and  Iron,  or  CTI,  a  private  leading  distributor  of  tubing,  pipe,  bar,  valves,  and 
fittings, which represents our tubular and pipe products segment, and in April 2018, we acquired the net assets of Berlin 
Metals. 

Michael Siegal, the son of one of our founders, began his career with us in the early 1970s and served as our Chief Executive
Officer from 1984 until the end of 2018. Effective January 1, 2019, Mr. Siegal began serving as our Executive Chairman of 
the Board of Directors and Richard T. Marabito began serving as our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Marabito joined us in 
1994 as Corporate Controller and had served as our Chief Financial Officer since 2000. On January 1, 2019, Rich Manson 
began serving as our Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Manson has served in various capacities at our company since 1996. David 
Wolfort,  our  President,  joined  us  as  General  Manager  in  1984.  Andrew  Greiff,  our  Executive  Vice  President  and  Chief 
Operating Officer joined us in 2009 and managed our rapidly expanding specialty metals business. 

Business Strategy and Objectives

We  believe  that  the  metals  service  center  and  processing  industry  is  driven  by  the  following  primary  trends:  (i) shift  by 
customers  to  fewer  suppliers  that  are  larger  and  financially  strong;  (ii) increased  customer  demand  for  more  frequent 
deliveries, higher quality products and services; and (iii) globalization of metals industry participants.

In recognition of these industry trends, our focus has been on achieving profitable geographic and product growth through 
the  start-up  and  acquisition  of  service  centers,  processors,  fabricators  and  related  businesses,  and  investments  in  people,
a
information systems, higher value-added processing equipment and services, while continuing our commitment to expanding
and improving our operating efficiencies, sales and servicing efforts.

naging  operating
We  are  focused  on  specific  operating  objectives  including:  (i)  managing  inventory  turnover;  (ii)  ma
expenses;  (iii)  maintaining  targeted  cash  turnover  rates;  (iv)  investing  in  value-added  processing  and  material  handling
equipment to help us grow our margins and returns; (v) growing our market share; (vi) investing in technology and business
information systems; (vii) improving safety performance; and (viii) improving on-time delivery and quality performance for 
our customers.

rr

These operating objectives are supported by:

(cid:404) A set of core values, which are communicated, practiced and measured throughout the Company.
rr
(cid:404) Our “flawless execution” program (Fe), which is an internal recognition program that rewards employees who achieve

profitable growth by delivering superior customer service and exceeding customer expectations.

(cid:404)  Operational initiatives designed to improve efficiencies and reduce costs by improving three key sub-systems: 

(cid:404) Operating system: Focused on continuously improving processes through waste and variation elimination using

Lean Six Sigma tools and employee certifications.

(cid:404) Cultural system: Focused on creating the environment to facilitate change and improve the way we work and

create value. 
(cid:404) Management  system
MM
improvement. 

:  Focused  on  creating  the  measurements  and  governance  structure  to  support  continuous

  (cid:404) 

Information systems and key metric reporting to focus managers on achieving specific operating objectives. 

(cid:404)  Alignment of compensation with the financial objectives and performance of the Company and the achievement of

specific financial and operating objectives. 

We believe our depth of management, facilities, locations, processing capabilities, inventory, focus on safety, quality and 
customer service, extensive and experienced sales force, and the strength of our customer and supplier relationships provide
a strong foundation for implementation of our strategy and achievement of our objectives. Certain elements of our strategy
are set forth in more detail below. 

 Page 2 

  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Investments and Acquisitions. Historically, we have accelerated our growth through acquisitions and capital investments in
facilities and processing equipment. During 2017, we created a new position, Vice President of Strategic Development, whose
focus is on profitable growth opportunities, including acquisitions. When the results of sales and marketing efforts and our 
financial justifications indicate that there is sufficient customer demand for a particular product, process or service, we may
purchase equipment to satisfy that demand. We also evaluate our existing equipment to ensure that it remains productive, and 
u
we  upgrade,  replace,  redeploy  or  dispose  of  equipment  when  necessary.  We  invest  in  processing  equipment  to  support 
customer demand and to respond to the growing trend among original equipment manufacturers (our customers) to outsource
non-core  production  processes,  such  as  plate  processing,  machining,  welding  and  fabrication,  in  order  to  concentrate  on 
engineering, design and assembly.

On April 2, 2018, we acquired substantially all of the net assets of Berlin Metals, based in Hammond, Indiana. Berlin Metals 
was founded in 1967 and is one of the largest North American service centers processing and distributing prime tin mill 
products and stainless steel strip in slit coil form. Berlin Metals is also a supplier of galvanized, light gauge cold rolled sheet 
and strip and other coated metals in coil forms, to customers in the building products, automotive and specialized industrial
markets. 

In addition to the acquisition of Berlin Metals, our capital investments during the past three years have primarily consisted of 
a building and equipment expansion in Chicago, building improvements across existing facilities, a slitter for our specialty
metals flat products segment, a stretcher leveling line as well as other processing equipment for our expanded value-added 
st, North Carolina facility, and 
customer base in Winder, Georgia, added tube and pipe distribution capabilities from our Locu
additional processing equipment for all three of our segments. 

tt

On January 2, 2019, we acquired substantially all of the net assets of McCullough Industries (McCullough), based in Kenton,
Ohio. McCullough is a manufacturer of self-dumping hoppers used in a variety of industrial applications. The downstream 
vertical integration of McCullough represents our first acquisition of a manufacturer of metal-intensive branded products,
which  allows  us  to  deploy  our  purchasing,  logistics  and  processing  expertise  to  achieve  synergies,  expand  margins  and 
increase returns.

Sales and Marketing. We believe that our commitments to quality, service, just-in-time delivery and field sales personnel
have enabled us to build and maintain strong customer relationships. We continuously analyze our customer base to ensure 
that  strategic  customers  are  properly  targeted  and  serviced,  while  focusing  our  efforts  to  supply  and successfully  service 
multi-location  customers  from  multi-location  Olympic  facilities.  We  service  certain  customers  with  carbon  and  specialty
metals flat products and tubular and pipe products through cross-stocking of products in certain facilities.

We offer business solutions to our customers through value-added and value-engineered services. We also provide inventory
stocking programs and in-plant Olympic Steel employees located at certain customer locations to help reduce customers’
costs. Our owned truck fleet further enhances our just-in-time deliveries based on our customers’ requirements. 

Our flawless execution (Fe) program is a commitment to provide superior customer service while striving to exceed customer 
expectations. This program includes tracking on-time delivery and quality performance against objectives, and recognition 
of employee initiatives to improve efficiencies, streamline processes or reduce operating expenses at each operation. 

We believe our large and experienced sales force provides strategic advantages. Our sales force makes direct daily sales calls 
to customers throughout the continental United States, Canada and Mexico. The continuous interaction between our sales 
a
force and active and prospective customers provides us with valuable market information and sales opportunities, including
opportunities for outsourcing, improving customer service and increasing sales.

Our  sales  efforts  are  further  supported  by  metallurgists,  engineers,  technical and  quality  service  personnel  and  product 
specialists who have specific expertise in carbon and stainless steel, aluminum, alloy plate and steel fabrication as well as 
tubular and pipe products. Our services for certain customers also include integration into our internal business systems to
provide cost efficiencies for both us and our customers.

Management. We believe one of our strengths is the depth, knowledge and experience of our management team. In addition
to our executive officers, members of our senior management team have a diversity of background
s within the metals industry, 
including management positions at metals producers and other metals service centers. They average 28 years of experience 
in  the  metals  industry  and  18  years  with  our  company. Effective  January  1,  2019,  we  executed  a  succession  plan  which
allowed  us  to  further  enhance  our  management  team  by  the  promotions  of  several  employees  to  executive  management 
positions within the organization. 

m

 Page 3 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
Products, Processing Services and Quality Standards

We maintain inventory of carbon, stainless and aluminum coil, plate and sheet products, and tubular and pipe products. Coil 
is in the form of a continuous sheet, typically 36 to 96 inches wide, between 0.015 and 0.625 inches thick, and rolled into 10
to 30 ton coils. Because of the size and weight of these coils and the equipment required to move and process them into 
smaller sizes, such coils do not meet the requirements, without further processing, of most customers. Plate is typically thicker 
than coil and is processed by laser, plasma or oxygen burning. Through our acquisition of Berlin Metals, the specialty metals 
flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include differing types of stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil and prime
tin mill products. 

Through  our  CTI  subsidiary,  we  maintain inventory  of  round,  square,  and  rectangular  mechanical  and  structural  tubing; 
hydraulic and stainless tubing; boiler tubing; carbon, stainless, and aluminum pipe; and valves and fittings. CTI provides a 
variety of value added services to its tube and pipe product line, including saw cutting, laser cutting, beveling, threading and
grooving. CTI also fabricates pressure components supplied to various industrial markets.   

Customer orders are entered or electronically transmitted into computerized order entry systems, and appropriate inventory
is selected and scheduled for processing in accordance with the customer’s specified delivery date. We attempt to maximize 
yield and equipment efficiency through the use of computer software and by combining customer orders for processing each
coil, plate, tube or pipe to the fullest extent practicable. 

r

Our services include both traditional service center processes of cutting-to-length, slitting, flattening, sawing and shearing 
and  higher  value-added  processes  of  blanking,  tempering,  plate  burning,  laser cutting,  precision  mach
ining,  welding,
fabricating,  bending,  beveling,  polishing,  kitting  and  painting  to  process  metals  to  specified  lengths,  widths  and  shapes 
pursuant to specific customer orders. Cutting-to-length involves cutting metal along the width of the coil. Slitting involves
cutting metal to specified widths along the length of the coil. Shearing is the process of cutting sheet metal. Blanking cuts the 
metal  into  specific  shapes  with  close  tolerances.  Tempering  improves  the  uniformity  of  the  thickness  and  flatness  of  the
metals through a cold rolling process. Plate and laser processing is the process of cutting metal into specific shapes and sizes.
Our forming activities include bending metal. Our machining activities include drilling, milling, tapping, boring and sawing. 
Tube processing includes tube bending and end finishing. Finishing activities include shot blasting, grinding, edging and 
polishing. Our fabrication activities include machining, welding, assembly and painting of component parts. 

r

tt

The flat products segment is separated into two reportable segments; carbon flat products and specialty metals flat products.
The flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the carbon and specialty metals segments and both segments’
products are, in some instances, stored in the shared facilities and processed on the shared equipment. 

n

The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2018, the major pieces of processing equipment in operation by segment: 

Processing Equipment
Tempering 
Stretcher-leveling 
Cutting-to-length 
Slitting 
Shearing 
Blanking 
Plate processing 
Laser processing 
Forming 
Machining 
Painting 
Tube processing 
Finishing 
Total 

Consolidated
Flat
Products

Tubular and 
Pipe
Products

Total

3      
2      
14      
15      
7      
4      
23      
26      
12      
42      
1      
2      
28      
179      

-       
-       
13       
-       
-       
-       
-       
9       
-       
85       
1       
39       
3       
150       

3  
2 
27  
15 
7 
4 
23 
35 
12 
127 
2 
41 
31 
329  

 Page 4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 
Our  quality  assurance  system,  led  by  certified  specialists  and  engineers,  establishes  controls  and  procedures  covering  all
aspects of our products from the time the material is ordered through receipt, processing and shipment to the customer. These
controls and procedures encompass periodic supplier and customer audits, workshops with customers, inspection equipment 
and  criteria,  preventative  actions,  traceability  and  certification.  We have  quality  testing  labs  at  several  of  our  facilities, 
including at our temper mill facilities in Cleveland, Ohio and Bettendorf, Iowa.

In  addition,  26  of  our  facilities  have  earned  International  Organization  for  Standardization  (ISO)  9001:2015 
certifications.  CTI has earned The American Society of Mechanical Engineers S Certification and The National Board of 
Boiler  &  Pressure  Vessel  Inspectors  R  Certification.  Our office building  in Winder,  Georgia has  received  Leadership  in
Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. 

Customers and Distribution

We have a diverse customer and geographic base, which helps to reduce the inherent risk and cyclicality of our business.  Net 
sales to our top three customers, in the aggregate, approximated 8%, 8% and 9% of our consolidated net sales in 2018, 2017 
and  2016,  respectively.   We  serve  customers  in  metals  consuming  industries,  including  manufacturers  and  fabricators  of 
transportation and material handling lift equipment, construction, mining and farm equipment, storage tanks, environmental
and energy generation equipment, automobiles, food service and electrical equipment, military vehicles and equipment, as
well as general and plate fabricators and metals service centers.  The table below shows the percentage of our consolidated 
net sales to the largest industries for the past three years. 

a

Industry
Industrial machinery and equipment manufacturers and their fabricators 
Residential and commercial construction 
Metals service centers 
Automobile manufacturers and their suppliers 
Transportation equipment manufacturers 
All others <5% 

2018  
48% 
13% 
10% 
10% 
8% 
11% 

2017
51% 
9% 
11% 
9% 
6% 
14% 

2016
51%
8%
10%
10% 
6% 
15%

While  we  ship  products  throughout  the  United  States,  most  of  our  customers  are  located  in  the  midwestern,  eastern  and 
southern regions of the United States. Most customers are located within a 250-mile radius of one of our processing facilities,
thus enabling an efficient delivery system capable of handling a high frequency of short lead time orders. We transport our 
products directly to customers via our in-house truck fleet, which further supports the just-in-time delivery requirements of 
our  customers,  and  third-party  trucking  firms.  Products  sold  to  foreign  customers,  which  have  been  immaterial  to  our 
d
consolidated results, are shipped either directly from metals producers to the customer or to an intermediate processor, and 
then to the customer by rail, truck or ocean carrier. Through our facility in Monterrey, Mexico, we are able to stock material 
and service our customers in that country with shorter lead times. 

We process our metals to specific customer orders as well as for stocking programs. Many of our larger customers commit 
to purchase on a regular basis at agreed upon or indexed prices for periods ranging from three to twelve months. To help 
mitigate price volatility risks, these price commitments are generally matched with corresponding supply arrangements, or to
a lesser degree by commodities hedging. Customers notify us of specific release dates as processed products are required. 
Customers  typically  notify  us  of  release  dates  anywhere  from  a  just-in-time  basis  to  one  month  before  the  release  date. 
Therefore, we are required to carry sufficient inventory to meet the short lead time and just-in-time delivery requirements of 
our  customers.  CTI  produces  pressure  parts  and  other  fabricated  components  primarily  for  industrial  boiler  applications.
These  products  typically  take  several  months  to  produce  due  to  their  size  and  complexity.  Due  to  the  time  required  for 
production, we may require progress payments throughout the construction period.

The current global economic environment has resulted in increased supply chain scrutiny by our customers and potential 
customers. We believe our size, geographic footprint, financial position, dedication to a field sales force, and our focus on
quality and customer service are advantageous in maintaining our customer base and in securing new customers. 

 Page 5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
    
    
   
    
    
   
    
    
   
    
    
   
    
    
   
    
    
 
 
 
 
Raw Materials

Our principal raw materials are carbon, coated, and stainless steel and aluminum, in the forms of pipe, tube, flat rolled sheet, 
coil and plate that we typically purchase from multiple primary metals producers. The metals industry as a whole is cyclical 
and at times pricing and availability of material can be volatile due to numerous factors beyond our control, including general
domestic and global economic conditions, domestic and global supply and demand imbalance, competition, quickly changing 
lead times and late deliveries from metals producers, fluctuations in the costs of raw materials necessary to produce metals,
import duties and tariffs and currency exchange rates. This volatility can significantly affect the availability and cost of rawaa
materials to us.

m

Inventory management is a key profitability driver in the metals service center industry. Similar to many other metals service 
centers,  we  maintain  substantial  inventories  of  metals  to  accommodate  the  short  lead  times  and  just-in-time  delivery
requirements  of our  customers. Accordingly, we purchase metals  in  an  effort  to  maintain our  inventory  at  levels  that  we 
believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon historic buying practices, purchase
commitments with customers and market conditions. 

Our  commitments  to purchase  metals  are  generally  at  prevailing  market  prices  in  effect  at  the  time  we  place our orders. 
During the past three years, we have entered into pass through nickel and carbon swaps at the request of our customers in 
order to mitigate our customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals. The swaps are settled with the brokers at maturity 
and the economic benefit or loss arising from the changes in fair value of the swaps is contractually passed through to the
customer. 

We have no long-term, fixed-price metals purchase contracts, except for commodity hedges. When metals prices decline, 
customer demands for lower prices and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices and,
consequently, lower gross profits and earnings as we use existing metals inventory. When metals prices increase, competitive 
conditions will influence how much of the price increase we can pass on to our customers.

Suppliers

We concentrate on developing supply relationships with high-quality domestic and international metals producers, using a 
coordinated effort to be the customer of choice for business critical suppliers. We employ sourcing strategies that maximize 
the quality, production lead times and transportation economies of a global supply base. We are an important customer of 
flat-rolled coil and plate, pipe and tube for many of our principal suppliers, but we are not dependent on any one supplier.
We purchase in bulk from metals producers in quantities that are efficient for such producers. This enables us to maintain a
continued source of supply at what we believe to be competitive prices. We believe the access to our facilities and equipment, 
and our high quality customer services and solutions, combined with our long-standing and continuous prompt pay practices,
n
will continue to be an important factor in maintaining strong relationships with metals suppliers.

The metals producing supply base has experienced significant consolidation, with a few suppliers accounting for a majority
of the domestic carbon steel market. We purchased approximately 52% and 53% of our total metals requirements from our 
three largest suppliers in 2018 and 2017, respectively. Although we have no long-term supply commitments, we believe we
have good relationships with our metals suppliers. If, in the future, we are unable to obtain sufficient amounts of metals on a
timely basis, we may not be able to obtain metals from alternate sources at competitive prices. In addition, interruptions or 
reductions in our supply of metals could make it difficult to satisfy our customers’ just-in-time delivery requirements, which 
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Competition

Our principal markets are highly competitive. We compete with other regional and national metals service centers, single
location service centers and, to a certain degree, metals producers and intermediate metals processors on a regional basis. We 
have  different  competitors  for  each  of  our  products  and  within  each  region. We  compete  on  the  basis  of  price,  product 
selection and availability, customer service, value-added capabilities, quality, financial strength and geographic proximity.
aa
Certain of our competitors have greater financial and operating resources than we have.

With the exception of certain Canadian or Mexican operations, foreign-located metals service centers are generally not a 
material competitive factor in our principal domestic markets.

 Page 6 

 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Management Information Systems

n

Information systems are an important component of our strategy. We have in
vested in technologies and human resources as
a foundation for growth.  We depend on our Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems for financial reporting, management 
decision-making,  inventory  management,  order  tracking  and  fulfillment  and  production  optimization.   We  continue  to 
upgrade  and  consolidate  our  systems  for  optimal  use  of  resources  and  to  assure  we  are  taking  advantage  of  technology 
offerings. 

Our information systems focus on the following core application areas: 

Inventory  Management.   Our  information  systems  track  the  status,  quantity  and  cost  of  inventories  by  product,
location and process on a daily basis.  This information is essential to optimize management of inventory. 

Differentiated  Services  To  Customers.   Our  information  systems  support  value-added  services  to  customers, 
including quality control and on-time delivery monitoring and reporting, just-in-time inventory management and 
shipping services. 

E-Commerce and Advanced Customer Interaction.  We are actively participating in electronic commerce initiatives 
to  reduce  processing  cost  and  time.   In  addition  to  full  electronic  data  interchange  (EDI)  capabilities  with  our 
customers and vendors, we also have implemented extranet sites for specific customers which are integrated with
our internal business systems. 

System and Process Enhancements. We have completed development of business system solutions to replace our 
legacy  information  systems  and  have  successfully  implemented  new  ERP  systems  at  most  of  our  locations.  We
continue to implement these systems to provide standardized business processes, enhanced inventory management,
production cost, and sales administrative controls, and reduced technical support requirements. Our business analysts 
work with our quality team to identify opportunities for efficiency and improved customer service. We collaborate
across the metal supply chain, working with metals producers, service providers, customers, and industry-sponsored 
y
organizations to develop industry processing standards to drive 

cost out of the supply chain.

Information  security  and  continuous  availability  of  information  processing  are  of  highest  priority.  Our  information 
professionals employ proven security and monitoring practices and tools to mitigate cyber-security risks and threats. In case
of physical emergency or threat, our ERP systems, accounting systems, internet and communications systems are duplicated 
at a secure off-site computing facility or through secure, multi-site cloud providers, with migration of our other systems which 
are in progress.

 Page 7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employees

At  December  31,  2018,  we  employed  approximately  1,820  people.  Approximately  315  of  the  hourly  plant  personnel  are 
represented  by  nine  separate  collective  bargaining  units.  The  table  below  shows  the  expiration  dates  of  the  collective 
bargaining agreements. 

Facility
Hammond, Indiana 
Locust, North Carolina 
Romeoville, Illinois 
Minneapolis coil, Minnesota 
Indianapolis, Indiana 
St. Paul, Minnesota 
Milan, Illinois 
Minneapolis plate, Minnesota 
Detroit, Michigan 

Expiration date
November 30, 2019
March 4, 2020 
May 31, 2020
September 30, 2020
January 29, 2021 
May 25, 2021 
August 12, 2021 
March 31, 2022
August 31, 2022

We have never experienced a work stoppage and we believe that our relationship with employees is good. However, any 
prolonged work stoppages by our personnel represented by collective bargaining units could have a material adverse impact 
on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Service Marks, Trade Names and Patents

We conduct our business under the name “Olympic Steel.” A provision of federal law grants exclusive rights to the word 
“Olympic”  to  the  U.S.  Olympic  Committee.  The  U.S.  Supreme  Court  has  recognized,  however,  that  certain  users  may 
continue to use the word based on long-term and continuous use. We have used the name Olympic Steel since 1954, but are
prevented from registering the name “Olympic” and from being qualified to do business as a foreign corporation under that 
name in certain states. In such states, we have registered under different names, including “Oly Steel” and “Olympia Steel.” 
Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Olympic Steel Lafayette, Inc., does business in certain states under the names “Olympic Steel
Detroit,” “Lafayette Steel and Processing” and “Lafayette Steel.” Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Olympic Steel Iowa, Inc. 
nducted business under 
does business in certain states under the name “Oly Steel Iowa, Inc.”. Our North Carolina operation co
the name “Olympic Steel North Carolina.” Our Integrity Stainless operation conducts business under the name “Integrity 
Stainless”. Our CTI operation conducts business under the name “CTI Power.” Our operation in Monterrey, Mexico operates
under the name “Metales de Olympic S. de.R.L. de C.V.” We operate under the name “Berlin Metals” through our B Metals, 
Inc. subsidiary. 

tt

We  also  hold  a  trademark  for  our  stainless  steel  sheet  and  plate  product  “OLY-FLATBRITE,”  which  has  a  unique 
combination of surface finish and flatness.

Government Regulation

Our operations are governed by many laws and regulations, including those relating to workplace safety and worker health,
principally the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations thereunder. We believe that we are in material compliance
with these laws and regulations and do not believe that future compliance with such laws and regulations will have a material 
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Environmental

Our facilities are subject to certain federal, state and local requirements relating to the protection of the environment. We 
believe that we are in material compliance with all environmental laws, do not anticipate any material expenditures to meet 
environmental requirements and do not believe that compliance with such laws and regulations will have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 Page 8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Seasonality

Seasonal factors may cause demand fluctuations within the year which could impact our results of operations. Typically,
demand in the first half of the year is stronger than the second half of the year, as it contains more ship days and is not 
impacted by the seasonal shut-downs in July, November and December due to holidays. 

Effects of Inflation

Inflation  generally  affects  us  by  increasing  the  cost  of  employee  wages  and  benefits,  transportation  services,  processing 
equipment, purchased metals, energy and borrowings under our credit facility. General inflation, excluding increases in the 
price of metals and increased labor and distribution expense, has not had a material effect on our financial results during the
past three years. 

Backlog

Because we conduct our operations generally on the basis of short-term orders, we do not believe that backlog is a material 
or meaningful indicator of future performance. 

Available Information

We file  annual,  quarterly,  and  current  reports, proxy  statements,  and  other documents  with  the  SEC under  the  Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and 
other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that are filed 
by the Company at http://www.sec.gov.

In addition, our annual reports on Form 10-K, as well as our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K 
and any amendments to all of the foregoing reports, are made available free of charge on or through the “Investor Relations”
section of our website at www.olysteel.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with
or furnished to the SEC.

Information  relating  to  our  corporate  governance  at  Olympic  Steel,  including  our  Business  Ethics  Policy,  information
concerning our executive officers, directors and Board committees (including committee charters), and transactions in our 
securities by directors and officers, is available free of charge on or through the “Investor Relations” section of our website
at www.olysteel.com. We are not including the information on our website as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, 
this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Forward-Looking Information

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and other documents we file with the SEC contain various forward-looking statements
that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our future performance, business, our beliefsff
and our management’s assumptions. In addition, we, or others on our behalf, may make forward-looking statements in press
releases or written statements, or in our communications and discussions with investors and analysts in the normal course of 
business  through  meetings,  conferences,  webcasts,  phone  calls  and  conference  calls.  Words  such  as  “may,”  “will,”
“anticipate,” “should,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “potential,” and “continue,” as well as
the  negative  of  these  terms  or  similar  expressions  are  intended  to  identify  forward-looking  statements,  which  are  made
pursuant  to  the  safe  harbor  provisions  of  the  Private  Securities  Litigation  Reform  Act  of  1995.  Such  forward-looking 
statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those 
implied by such statements including, but not limited to, those set forth in Item 1A (Risk Factors) below and the following: 

risks of falling metals prices and inventory devaluation;

(cid:404) 
(cid:404)  general and global business, economic, financial and political conditions;
(cid:404) 

(cid:404) 

competitive factors such as the availability, global production levels and pricing of metals, industry shipping and
inventory levels and rapid fluctuations in customer demand and metals pricing;
the levels of imported steel in the United States and the tariffs initiated by the U.S. government in 2018 under 
Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and newly imposed tariffs and duties on exported steel, U.S. trade 
policy and its impact on the U.S. manufacturing industry; 

 Page 9 

  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 

cyclicality and volatility within the metals industry; 
fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar and the related impact on foreign steel pricing, U.S. exports, and foreign
imports to the United States;
the availability, and increased costs, of labor related to tighter employment markets;

(cid:404) 
(cid:404) the availability and rising costs of transportation and logistical services;
(cid:404) customer, supplier and competitor consolidation, bankruptcy or insolvency;
(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 

reduced production schedules, layoffs or work stoppages by our own, our suppliers’ or customers’ personnel;
the  adequacy  of  our  existing  information  technology  and  business  system  software,  including  duplication  and
security processes;

a

(cid:404) the adequacy of our efforts to mitigate cyber security risks and threats;
(cid:404) the amounts, successes and our ability to continue our capital investments and strategic growth initiatives, including 

acquisitions and our business information system implementations; 

(cid:404)  our ability to successfully integrate recent acquisitions into our business and risks inherent with the acquisitions in
the achievement of expected results, including whether the acquisition will be accretive and within the expected
timeframe;

(cid:404) events  or  circumstances  that  could  adversely  impact  the  successful  operation  of  our  processing  equipment  and

operations; 

(cid:404) rising interest rates and their impacts on our variable interest rate debt; 
(cid:404) the impacts of union organizing activities and the success of union contract renewals;
(cid:404) changes  in  laws  or  regulations  or  the  manner  of  their  interpretation  or  enforcement  could  impact  our  financial

performance and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies;

(cid:404) events or circumstances that could impair or adversely impact the carrying value of any of our assets;
(cid:404) risks and uncertainties associated with intangible assets, including impairment charges related to indefinite lived

(cid:404) 

(cid:404) 

intangible assets;
the timing and outcomes of inventory lower of cost or market adjustments and last-in, first-out, or LIFO, income or
expense;
the inflation or deflation existing within the metals industry, as well as product mix and inventory levels on hand,
which can impact our cost of materials sold as a result of the fluctuations in the LIFO inventory valuation;

(cid:404)  our ability to pay regular quarterly cash dividends and the amounts and timing of any future dividends; 
(cid:404)  our ability to repurchase shares of our common stock and the amounts and timing of repurchases, if any; and 
(cid:404)  unanticipated  developments  that  could  occur  with  respect  to  contingencies  such  as  litigation,  arbitration  and
environmental  matters,  including  any  developments  that  would  require  any  increase  in  our  costs  for  such
contingencies.

Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect,
actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, intended, expected, believed, estimated, projected or planned. You 
are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We 
undertake no obligation to republish revised forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or 
circumstances after the date hereof, except as otherwise required by law.

 Page 10 

 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC, the following 
risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating us and our business before investing in our common stock. The risks 
and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties, not presently known to
us or otherwise, may also impair our business. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results
of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, 
and investors may lose all or part of their investment.

r

Risks Related to our Business

Volatile metals prices can cause significant fluctuations in our operating results. Our sales and operating income could 
decrease if metals prices decline or if we are unable to pass producer price increases on to our customers.

Our principal raw materials are carbon and stainless steel and aluminum flat rolled coil, sheet, plate, prime tin mill, pipe and 
tube that we typically purchase from multiple primary metals producers. The metals industry as a whole is cyclical and, at 
times,  pricing  and  availability  of  metals  can  be  volatile  due  to  numerous  factors  beyond  our  control,  including  general 
domestic and international economic conditions, sales levels, competition, levels of inventory held by other metals service
centers, producer lead times, higher raw material costs for the producers of metals, imports, import duties and tariffs and 
currency exchange rates. This volatility can significantly affect the availability and cost of raw materials to us.

f

aa

Similar to many other metals service centers, we maintain substantial inventories of metals to accommodate the short lead 
times and just-in-time delivery requirements of our customers. Accordingly, we purchase
 metals in an effort to maintain our 
inventory at levels that we believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon historic
buying  practices,  supply  agreements  with  customers  and  market  conditions.  Our  commitments  to  purchase  metals  are
generally at prevailing market prices in effect at the time we place our orders.  We entered into metals hedges, which carry 
counterparty  performance  risk,  in  order  to  mitigate  our  risk  of  volatility  in  the  price  of  metals.   We  have  no  long-term,
fixed-price metals purchase contracts, except for metals hedges.  When metals prices increase, competitive conditions will
influence how much of the price increase we can pass on to our customers.  To the extent we are unable to pass on future
price  increases  in  our  raw  materials  to  our  customers,  the  net  sales  and  profitability  of  our  business  could  be  adversely 
affected.  Declining metals prices, customer demand for lower prices and our competitors’ responses to those demands could 
result in lower sale prices and, consequently, lower gross profits and potentially inventory lower of cost or market adjustments 
as we use existing inventory.  Significant or rapid declines in metals prices or reductions in sales volumes could adversely 
impact  our  ability  to  remain  in  compliance  with  certain  financial  covenants  in  our  credit  facility,  as  well  as  result  in  us
incurring inventory or asset impairment charges.  Changing metals prices therefore could significantly impact our net sales,
gross profit, operating income and net income, and could impair or adversely impact the carrying value of any of our assets. 

mm

ff

Quotas and tariffs imposed as a result of government actions can cause significant fluctuations in our operating results. 

Global demand and global metals pricing are impacted by quotas and tariffs imposed as a result of government actions. The 
tariffs initiated by the U.S. government in 2018 under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (section 232 tariffs)
resulted in increased metals prices in the United States. Any future tariffs or quotas imposed on steel and aluminum imports 
may increase the price of metal, which may impact our sales, gross margin and profitability if we are unable to pass the
increased prices onto our customers. The prolonged imposition of tariffs could also lead to additional trade disputes that coul
d 
impact the global demand for metals and impact on sales, gross margin and profitability. 

ff
d

We service industries that are highly cyclical, and any fluctuation in our customers’ demand could impact our sales, 
gross profits and profitability.

We sell our products in a variety of industries, including capital equipment manufacturers for industrial, agricultural and 
construction use, the automotive industry, the utilities industry, and manufacturers of fabricated metals products. Numerous 
factors, such as general economic conditions, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar, government stimulus or regulation, availability
of adequate credit and financing, consumer confidence, significant business interruptions, labor shortages or work stoppages,
energy prices, seasonality, customer inventory levels and other factors beyond our control, may cause significant demand 
fluctuations from one or more of these industries. Any fluctuation in demand within one or more of these industries may be 
significant and may last for a lengthy period of time. In periods of economic slowdown or recession in the United States, 
excess  customer or  service  center  inventory  or  a decrease  in  the prices  that we  can  realize  from  sales  of our  products to 
customers in any of these industries could result in lower sales, gross profits and profitability.

 Page 11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Approximately 48% of our 2018 consolidated net sales were to industrial machinery and equipment manufacturers and their 
fabrications.  Due  to  the  concentration  of  customers  in  the  industrial  machinery  and  equipment  industry,  a  decline  in 
production levels in that industry could result in lower sales, gross profits and profitability. Approximately 10% of our 2018 
consolidated net sales were to automotive manufacturers or manufacturers of automotive components and parts, whom we
refer to as automotive customers. Historically, due to the concentration of customers in the automotive industry, our gross 
profits on these sales have generally been less than our gross profits on sales to customers in other industries.

Our business is dependent on transportation and labor. Increases in the cost or availability of transportation or labor
could adversely affect our business and operations, as we may be unable to pass cost increases on to our customers. 

We ship products throughout the United States via our in-house truck fleet or by third-party trucking firms. Products sold to 
foreign customers are shipped either directly from metals producers to the customer or
r
 to an intermediate processor, and then
y
to the customer by rail, truck or ocean carrier. Our business depends on the daily transportation of a large number of products. 
We depend to a certain extent on third parties for transportation of our products to customers as well as inbound delivery of 
our raw materials. The implementation of Electronic Logging Device rules in the United States has impacted the availability 
of drivers and third-party trucks. This has significantly increased the price of transportation services in the United States. 

If any of these providers were to fail to deliver materials to us in a timely manner, we may be unable to process and deliver 
our products in response to customer demand. In addition, if any of these third parties were to cease operations or cease doing
business with us, we may be unable to replace them at a reasonable cost. In addition, such failure of a third-party transportation 
provider could harm our reputation, negatively affect our customer relationships and have a material adverse effect on our 
financial position and results of operations.

The  economic  expansion  of  2018  created  a  significant  demand  for  labor  in  the  United  States,  resulting  in  record  low 
unemployment rates. The demand for skilled labor resulted in the need to increase pay rates in certain markets. Our operations
are dependent on the labor used to operate our equipment and deliver products to our customers. Decreased availability of 
labor  could  harm  our  reputation,  negatively  affect  our  customer relationships  and  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
financial position and results of operations.

r

r

The availability of drivers and labor is integral to our operations, and increases in our cost of transportation or labor may have
a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Our success is dependent upon our relationships with certain key customers.

We have derived and expect to continue to derive a significant portion of our revenues from a relatively limited number of 
customers. Collectively, our top three customers accounted for approximately 9% and 10% of our consolidated net sales in 
2018 and 2017, respectively. Approximately 48% and 51% of our consolidated net sales during 2018 and 2017, respectively, 
were  directly  related  to  industrial  machinery  and  equipment  manufacturers  and  their  fabricators.  Due  to  the  large
concentration of customers in few segments, changes to demand of product by customers in the industrial machinery and 
equipment manufacturers and their fabricators could have a material adverse effect on our business, our results of operations
and our cash flows. Many of our larger customers commit to purchase on a regular basis at agreed upon prices over periods
from three to twelve months. We generally do not have long-term contracts with our customers. As a result, the relationship, 
rr
as well as particular orders, can generally be terminated with relatively little advance notice. The loss of any one of our major 
customers or decrease in demand by those customers or credit constraints placed on them could have a material adverse effect 
on our business, our results of operations and our cash flows.

Increased metals capacity or an interruption in the sources of our metals supply could have a material adverse effect 
on our results of operations.

We purchased approximately 52% and 53% of our total metals requirements from our three largest suppliers in 2018 and 
2017, respectively. Over the past year, increased capacity has been added in the U.S. market. The addition of new mill sources
and decreased domestic demand could lead to domestic over capacity, which could lead to a decrease in steel prices, which 
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

 Page 12 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conversely, fewer available suppliers increases the risk of supply disruption through both scheduled and unscheduled supplier 
outages. We have no long-term supply commitments with our metals suppliers. If, in the future, we are unable to obtain
sufficient amounts of metals on a timely basis, we may not be able to obtain metals from alternate sources at competitive
prices. In addition, late deliveries, interruptions or reductions in our supply of metals could make it difficult to satisfy ou
r 
customers’  just-in-time  delivery  requirements,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

f

Our implementation of information systems could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

We are in the process of implementing information systems and eliminating our legacy operating systems. The objective is 
to standardize and streamline business processes and improve support for our service center and fabrication business. Risks
associated with the phased implementation include, but are not limited to: 

(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 

(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 

mm

a significant deployment of capital and a significant use of management and employee time;
the possibility that software and implementation vendors may not be able 
the possibility that the timelines, costs or complexities related to the new system implementation will be greater
than expected; 
the possibility that the software, once fully implemented, does not function as planned;
the possibility that benefits from the systems may be less or take longer to realize than expected;
the possibility that disruptions from the implementation may make it difficult for us to maintain relationships
with our customers, employees or suppliers; and 

to support the project as planned;

ff

(cid:404) limitations  on  the  availability  and  adequacy  of  proprietary  software  or  consulting,  training  and  project

management services, as well as our ability to retain key personnel. 

Although we have successfully initiated use of the systems at most of our locations, we can provide no assurance that the
rollout to the remaining locations will be successful or will occur as planned and without disruption to operations. Difficulties 
associated with the design and implementation of new information systems could adversely affect our business, our customer
service, our results of operations and our cash flows. 

t

The failure of our key computer-based systems could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Until  our  systems  implementations  are  completed,  we  maintain separate  regional  legacy  computer-based  systems  in  the
operation of our business and we depend on these systems to a significant degree, particularly for inventory management. 
These  systems  are  vulnerable  to,  among  other  things,  damage  or  interruption  from  fire,  flood,  tornado  and  other  natural
disasters,  power  loss,  computer  system and  network failures, operator negligence, physical  and electronic  loss  of data  or 
security breaches and computer viruses. Although we have secure back-up systems off-site, the destruction or failure of any 
one of our computer-based systems for any significant period of time could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Our information technology systems could be negatively affected by cyber security threats. 

Increased global information technology security requirements, vulnerabilities, threats and a rise in sophisticated and targeted
cyber crime pose a risk to the security of our systems, networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data.
Despite our efforts to protect sensitive information and confidential and personal data, our facilities and systems and those of 
our  third-party  service  providers  may  be  vulnerable  to  security  breaches.  This  could  lead  to  disclosure,  modification  or 
destruction of proprietary and other key information, production downtimes and operational disruptions, which in turn could
adversely affect our results of operations. We may face greater risks in this area than our competitors as we implement the 
ERP system because among other things, we must simultaneously protect both the ERP and legacy systems until the ERP
project is complete.

 Page 13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital deployed for acquisitions and processing equipment investments at our existing locations may be unable to 
achieve expected results, or sustain our growth and events or circumstances that could adversely impact operations 
could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We have grown through acquisitions and by increasing sales and services to our existing customers, aggressively pursuing 
new customers and services, building or purchasing new facilities and acquiring and upgrading processing equipment in order 
to expand the range of customer services and products that we offer. We intend to actively pursue our growth strategy in the
future. 

Future expansion or construction projects, could have adverse effects on our results of operations due to the impact of the 
associated  start-up  costs  and  the  potential  for  underutilization  in  the  start-up  phase  of  a  facility.  While  we  are  pursuing
potential acquisition targets, we are unable to predict whether or when any prospective acquisition candidate will become
available or the likelihood that any acquisition will be completed. Moreover, in pursuing acquisition opportunities, we may
compete  for  acquisition  targets  with  other  companies  with  similar  growth  strategies  that  may  be  larger  and  have  greater 
financial  and  other  resources  than  we  have.  Competition  among  potential  acquirers  could  result  in  increased  prices  for 
acquisition targets. As a result, we may not be able to consummate acquisitions on terms satisfactory to us, or at all. 

The pursuit of acquisitions and other growth initiatives may divert management’s time and attention away from day-to-day 
operations.  In  order  to  achieve  growth  through  acquisitions,  expansion  of  current  facilities,  greenfield  construction  or 
otherwise, additional funding sources may be needed and we may not be able to obtain the additional capital necessary to 
pursue our growth strategy on terms that are satisfactory to us, or at all.

We continue to invest in processing equipment to support customer demand. Altho
ugh we have successfully installed new 
and used processing equipment in the past, we can provide no assurance that future installations will be successful, or achieve
expected results. Risks associated with the installations include, but are not limited to:

qq

(cid:404) a significant use of management and employee time;
(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 

the possibility that the performance of the equipment does not meet expectations; and 
the possibility that disruptions from the installations may make it difficult for us to maintain relationships with
our customers, employees or suppliers. 

Difficulties associated with the installation of new processing equipment could adversely affect our business, our customer 
service, our results of operations and our cash flows. 

We depend on our senior management team and the loss of any member could prevent us from implementing our
business strategy. 

Our success is dependent upon the management and leadership skills of our senior management team. Effective January 1, 
2019, Michael Siegal began serving as our Executive Chairman of the Board after serving as our Chief Executive Officer 
since 1984. Richard T. Marabito began serving as our Chief Executive Officer after serving as our Chief Financial Officer
since 2010, and Richard A. Manson began serving as our Chief Financial Officer after serving as our Vice President and 
Treasurer since 2013. The loss of any member of our senior management team or the failure to attract and retain additional
qualified  personnel  could  prevent  us  from  implementing  our business  strategy.  We  have  employment  agreements,  which 
include non-competition provisions, with our Chief Executive Officer, our President, the President of CTI, our Executive 
Vice President and Chief Operating Officer and our Chief Financial Officer that expire on January 1, 2024, December 31, 
2020, June 30, 2021, July 1, 2020 and January 1, 2022, respectively.

r

ff

Customer and third-party credit constraints and credit losses could have a material adverse effect on our results of 
operations.

Some  of  our  customers  may  experience  difficulty  obtaining  and/or  maintaining  credit  availability.  In  particular,  certain
customers that are highly leveraged represent an increased credit risk. Some customers have reduced their purchases because
of these credit constraints. Moreover, our disciplined credit policies have, in some instances, resulted in lost sales. If we have
misjudged our credit estimations and they result in future credit losses, lost sales or lost customers, there could be a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and our allowance for doubtful accounts.

 Page 14 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
Although we expect to finance our growth initiatives through borrowings under our credit facility, we may have to
find  additional  sources  of  funding,  which  could  be  difficult.  Additionally,  increased  leverage  and  borrowing  rates
could adversely impact our business and results of operations. 

We expect to finance our growth initiatives through borrowings under our credit facility, which matures on December 8, 
2022. However, our credit facility may not be sufficient or available to finance our growth initiatives, and we may have to 
find additional sources of financing. It may be difficult for us in the future to obtain the necessary funds and liquidity to run
and expand our business. 

The borrowings under our credit facility are primarily at variable interest rates. If interest rates in the future were to increase
100 basis points (1.0%) from December 31, 2018 rates and, assuming no change in total debt from December 31, 2018 levels, 
the additional annual interest expense to us would be approximately $2.9 million.

Labor disruptions at any of our facilities or those of major customers could adversely affect our business, results of 
operations and financial condition.

At  December  31,  2018,  we  employed  approximately  1,820  people.  Approximately  315  of  the  hourly  plant  personnel  are 
represented by nine separate collective bargaining units. Any prolonged work stoppages by our personnel represented by
collective bargaining units could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations
and cash flows.

nn

In addition, many of our larger customers, including those in the automotive industry, have unionized workforces and some
have experienced significant labor disruptions in the past such as work stoppages, slow-downs and strikes. A labor disruption
at one or more of our major customers could interrupt production or sales by that customer and cause that customer to halt or 
limit orders for our products. Any such reduction in the demand for our products could adversely affect our business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Increases in energy prices would increase our operating costs, and we may be unable to pass all these increases on to 
our customers in the form of higher prices.

If our energy costs increase disproportionately to our revenues, our earnings could be reduced. We use energy to process and 
transport our products. Our operating costs increase if energy costs, including electricity, diesel fuel and natural gas, rise.
During periods of higher energy costs, we may not be able to recover our 
operating cost increases through price increases 
without reducing demand for our products. In addition, we generally do not hedge our exposure to higher prices via energy
futures contracts. Increases in energy and fuel prices will increase our operating costs and may reduce our profitability if we
are unable to pass all of the increases on to our customers.

y

Our insurance coverage, customer indemnifications or other liability protections
to cover all of our significant risks, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

 may be unavailable or inadequate

ff

From time to time, we may be subject to litigation incidental to our businesses, including claims for damages arising out of 
use of our products, claims involving employment matters, cyber security claims and commercial disputes. 

We currently carry insurance from financially solid, highly rated counterparties in established markets to cover significant 
risks and liabilities. However, our insurance coverage may be inadequate if such claims do arise and any liability not covered 
by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business. Disputes with insurance carriers, including over policy 
terms,  reservation  of  rights,  the  applicability  of  coverage  (including  exclusions),  compliance  with  provisions  (including
notice)  and/or  the  insolvency  of  one  or  more  of  our  insurers  may  significantly  affect  the  amount  or  timing  of  recovery. 
Although we have been able to obtain insurance in amounts we believe to be appropriate to cover such liability to date, our 
insurance premiums may increase in the future as a consequence of conditions in the insurance business generally or our 
situation in particular. Any such increase could result in lower net income or cause the need to reduce our insurance coverage.
In addition, a future claim may be brought against us that could have a material adverse effect on us.

In  some  circumstances,  we  may  be  entitled  to  certain  legal  protections  or  indemnifications  from  our  customers  through 
contractual  provisions,  laws,  regulations  or  otherwise.  However,  these  protections  are  not  always  available,  are  typically
subject to certain terms or limitations, including the availability of funds, and may not be sufficient to cover all losses or 
liabilities incurred. 

t

 Page 15 

 
 
 
 
If insurance coverage, customer indemnifications and/or other legal protections are not available or are not sufficient to cover 
our risks or losses, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

Our business is highly competitive, and increased competition could reduce our market share and harm our financial 
performance.

Our business is highly competitive. We compete with metals service centers and, to a certain degree, metals producers and 
intermediate metals processors, on a regular basis, primarily on quality, price, inventory availability and the ability to meet
the delivery schedules and service requirements of our customers. We have different competitors for each of our products
and  within  each  region.  Certain  of  these  competitors  have  financial  and  operating  resources  in  excess  of  ours.  Increased 
competition could lower our gross profits or reduce our market share and have a material adverse effect on our financial 
performance.

Changes in laws or regulations, including recently enacted tax reform legislation, or the manner of their interpretation 
or enforcement could adversely impact our financial performance and restrict our ability to operate our business or 
execute our strategies.

New laws or regulations, or changes in existing laws or regulations, or the manner of their interpretation or enforcement, 
could increase our cost of doing business and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies. In particular, 
there may be significant changes in U.S. laws and regulations and existing international trade agreements by the current U.S.
presidential administration that could affect a wide variety of industries and busi
nesses, including those businesses we own 
and  operate.  If  the  U.S.  presidential  administration  materially  modifies  U.S.  laws  and  regulations  and  international  trade 
agreements, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be affected.

t

Impairment  in  the  carrying  value  of  intangible  assets  could  result  in  the  incurrence  of  impairment  charges  and 
negatively impact our results of operations.

The net carrying value of intangibles represents non amortizable goodwill and trade names, covenant not to compete and 
customer relationships, net of accumulated amortization, related to our specialty metals flat products and tubular and pipe
products  segments.   Indefinitely  lived  assets  are  evaluated  for  impairment  annually  or  whenever  events or  changes  in
circumstance indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be rec
overable.  Amortizable intangible assets are 
evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may 
not  be  recoverable.   Impairments  to  intangible  assets  may be  caused  by  factors  outside  our  control,  such  as  increased 
competitive  pricing  pressures,  lower  than  expected  revenue  and  profit  growth rates,  changes  in  discount  rates  based  on
changes in the cost of capital (interest rates, etc.), or the loss of a significant customer and could result in the incurrence of 
impairment charges and negatively impact our results of operations.

rr

Participation  in  multiemployer  pension  plans  carry  withdrawal  liability  risks,  which  could  impact  our  results  of 
operations and financial condition. 

Through our CTI subsidiary, we contribute to one multiemployer pension plan. The risks of participating in the multiemployer 
plan are different from a single-employer plan in that 1) assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may 
be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers, 2) if a participating employer stops contributing 
to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers, and 3) if CTI chooses
to stop participating in the multiemployer plan, CTI may be required to pay the plan an amount based on the unfunded status
of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.

We  are  subject  to  significant  environmental,  health and  safety  laws  and  regulations  and  related  compliance 
expenditures and liabilities. 

Our businesses are subject to many federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, particularly
with respect to the use, handling, treatment, and disposal of substances and waste used or generated in our manufacturing
processes. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur expenditures to comply with applicable environmental laws and 
regulations. Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result 

 Page 16 

  
 
 
 
 
in civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders en
n
joining or curtailing
operations or requiring corrective measures, installation of pollution control equipment or remedial actions. 

r

We may in the future be required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, and for addressing
environmental conditions. Some environmental laws and regulations impose liability and responsibility on present and former 
owners, operators or users of facilities and sites for contamination at such facilities and sites without regard to causation or 
knowledge of contamination. Consequently, we cannot assure you that existing or future circumstances, the development of 
new facts or the failure of third parties to address contamination at current or former facilities or properties will not require
significant expenditures by us. 

We expect to continue to be subject to environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. It is difficult to predict the
future interpretation and development of environmental and health and safety laws and regulations or their impact on our 
future earnings and operations. We anticipate that compliance will continue to require increased capital expenditures and 
operating costs. Any increase in these costs, or unanticipated liabilities arising for example, out of discovery of previously 
unknown conditions or more aggressive enforcement actions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The market price for our common stock may be volatile.

Historically, there has been volatility in the market price for our common stock. Furthermore, the market price of our common 
stock could fluctuate substantially in the future in response to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the risk 
factors described herein. Examples include:

(cid:404)  changes in commodity prices, especially metals; 
(cid:404)  changes in financial estimates or recommendations by stock market analysts regarding us or our competitors;
(cid:404) 
(cid:404)  developments affecting us, our customers or our suppliers;
(cid:404)  press releases, earnings releases or publicity relating to us or our competitors or relating to trends in the metals service

the operating and stock performance of other companies that investors may deem comparable; 

center industry;
inability to meet securities analysts’ and investors’ quarterly or annual estimates or targets of our performance; 
sales of our common stock by large shareholders; 
the amount of shares acquired for short-term investments;

(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 
(cid:404)  general domestic or international economic, market and political conditions; 
(cid:404) 
(cid:404)  changes in the legal or regulatory environment affecting our business; and 
(cid:404)  announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, dispositions or joint ventures, or other material

fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar;

events impacting the domestic or global metals industry. 

In the past, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant 
effect  on  the  market  prices  of  securities  issued  by  many  companies  for  reasons  unrelated  to  their  specific  operating
performance.  These  factors  may  adversely  affect  the  trading  price  of  our  common  stock,  regardless  of  actual  operating
performance.

In  addition,  stock  markets  from  time  to  time  experience  extreme  price  and volume  fluctuations  that  may  be  unrelated  or 
disproportionate to the operating performance of companies. In the past, some shareholders have brought securities class
action lawsuits against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. We may in the future
be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation, regardless of whether our defense is ultimately successful, could result 
in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.

f

 Page 17 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our quarterly results may be volatile.

Our operating results have varied on a quarterly basis during our operating history and are likely to fluctuate significantly in
the future. Our operating results may be below the expectations of our investors or stock market analysts as a result of a
variety of factors, including the impact of LIFO expense estimates, many of which are outside of our control. Factors that 
may affect our quarterly operating results include, but are not limited to, the risk factors listed above. 

f

Many factors could cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly in the future. Accordingly, we believe that 
necessarily meaningful. Investors should not rely on the results
quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not 
of one quarter as an indication of our future performance. Further, it is our practice not to
provide forward-looking sales or 
tt
earnings guidance and not to endorse any analyst’s sales or earnings estimates. Nonetheless, if our results of operations in
any quarter do not meet analysts’ expectations, our stock price could materially decrease. 

f

Certain  provisions  in  our  charter  documents  and  Ohio  law  could  delay  or  prevent  a  change  in  management  or  a 
takeover attempt that you may consider to be in your best interest. 

f

We are subject to Chapter 1704 of the Ohio Revised Code, whic
h prohibits certain business combinations and transactions
between an “issuing public corporation” and an “Ohio law interested shareholder” for at least three years after the Ohio law
interested shareholder attains 10% ownership, unless the Board of Directors of the issuing public corporation approves the
transaction before the Ohio law interest shareholder attains 10% ownership. We are also subject to Section 1701.831 of the 
Ohio Revised Code, which provides that certain notice and informational filings and special shareholder meeting and voting
procedures must be followed prior to consummation of a proposed “control share acquisition.” Assuming compliance with 
are acquisition may be made only if the
the notice and information filings prescribed by the statute, a proposed control sh
acquisition is approved by a majority of the voting power of the issuer represented at the meeting and at least a majority of 
the voting power remaining after excluding the combined voting power of the “interested shares.”

d

Certain provisions contained in our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Code of 
Regulations and Ohio law could delay or prevent the removal of directors and other management and could make a merger,
tender offer or proxy contest involving us that you may consider to be in your best interest more difficult. For example, these
provisions:  

allow our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval; 

(cid:404) 
(cid:404) provide for our Board of Directors to be divided into two classes of directors serving staggered terms; 
(cid:404) 
(cid:404) 

limit who can call a special meeting of shareholders; and 
establish advance notice requirements for nomination for election to the Board of Directors or for proposing
matters to be acted upon at shareholder meetings. 

These  provisions  may  discourage  potential  takeover  attempts,  discourage  bids  for  our  common  stock  at  a  premium  over 
market price or adversely affect the market price of, and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock. 
These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other shareholders to elect 
directors other than the candidates nominated by our Board of Directors.

t

Principal shareholders who own a significant numbers of shares of our common stock may have interests that conflict
with yours.

Michael D. Siegal, our Executive Chairman of the Board and one of our largest shareholders, owned approximately 10.7%
of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2018. Mr. Siegal may have the ability to significantly influence matters 
requiring  shareholder  approval.  In deciding how  to vote on  such  matters,  Mr.  Siegal  may  be  influenced  by  interests  that 
conflict with yours.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None. 

 Page 18 

  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We believe that our properties are strategically situated relative to our domestic suppliers, our customers and each other, 
allowing us to support customers from multiple locations.  Product is shipped from the most advantageous facility, regardless
of where the customer order is taken.  The facilities are located in the hubs of major metals consumption markets, and within
a  250-mile  radius  of  most  of  our  customers,  a  distance  approximating  the  one-day  driving  and  delivery  limit  for  truck 
shipments.  During 2018, we terminated the lease on the Miami, Florida sales office, and consolidated the operations of our 
Proctor, Minnesota facility with the St. Paul, Minnesota facility.

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our principal properties including which segment’s products
are serviced out of each location:

Owned or
Leased

Carbon

Segment

Specialty
Metals

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

Pipe
and
Tube

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

Operation

Location

Square
Feet

Function

Cleveland

Bedford Heights, Ohio (1)        127,000 Corporate offices, coil processing and distribution 

center 
Bedford Heights, Ohio (1)        121,500  Coil and plate processing, distribution center and 
offices 
Bedford Heights, Ohio (1)          59,500  Plate processing, distribution center and offices 
Dover, Ohio 
Plymouth, Minnesota 

Owned 
Leased (2)
         62,000 Plate processing, fabrication and distribution center  Owned 
       196,800  Coil and plate processing, distribution center and 

Owned 

Minneapolis

Plymouth, Minnesota 

       112,200  Plate processing, fabrication, distribution center 

and offices 

Chambersburg Chambersburg, 

       157,000  Plate processing, distribution center and offices

offices 

Pennsylvania 
Chambersburg, 
Pennsylvania 
Bettendorf, Iowa 

Iowa

       150,000  Plate processing, fabrication, distribution center 

and offices 

       244,000  Coil and plate processing, fabrication, distribution 

center and offices 

Winder

Winder, Georgia 

       285,000  Coil and plate processing, fabrication, distribution 

Owned 

Owned 

Owned 

Owned 

Owned 

Detroit
Kentucky

Detroit, Michigan 
Mt. Sterling, Kentucky 
Mt. Sterling, Kentucky 
Gary, Indiana 

Gary
Connecticut Milford, Connecticut 
Schaumburg, Illinois 
Chicago

center and offices 

Owned 
       256,000 Coil processing, distribution center and offices 
Owned 
       100,000 Plate processing, fabrication and distribution center  Owned 
Owned 
       107,000 Distribution center and offices 
Owned 
       183,000 Coil processing, distribution center and offices 
Owned 
       134,000 Coil processing, distribution center and offices 

 122,500 Coil and sheet processing, distribution center and 

Owned 
Leased (3)    

Owned 
Leased (4)
Leased (5)
Leased (6)

Owned 
Owned 
Owned 

Berlin Metals Hammond, Indiana 
Streetsboro

Streetsboro, Ohio 

 117,950 Coil processing, distribution center and offices 
         66,200  Coil and sheet processing, distribution center and 

Latrobe, Pennsylvania 

         43,200 Coil and sheet processing, distribution center 

offices 

offices 

Washington Moses Lake, Washington           14,000 Distribution center 
         60,000 Distribution center 
Mexico
Chicago

Monterrey, Mexico 
Romeoville, Illinois 

363,000 Corporate offices, fabrication and distribution

St. Paul
Charlotte

St. Paul, Minnesota 
Locust, North Carolina 

132,000 Distribution center and offices 
127,600 Distribution center, fabrication and offices 

center 

 Page 19 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Operation

Location

Square 
Feet

Function

Fond du Lac, Wisconsin 
Indianapolis, Indiana 

Fond du Lac
Indianapolis
Quad Cities Milan, Illinois 
Ankeny, Iowa 
Des Moines
Owatonna, Minnesota 
Owatonna

117,000 Distribution center and offices 
79,000 Distribution center and offices 
57,600 Distribution center and offices 
50,000 Distribution center and offices 
23,000 Production cutting center 

Owned or
Leased

Carbon

Segment

Specialty
Metals

(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

Owned 
Owned 
Owned 
Owned 
Owned 

Pipe
and
Tube
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)
(cid:1591)(cid:1591)

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 

(6) 

The Bedford Heights facilities are all adjacent properties.
This facility is leased from a related party. The lease expires on December 31, 2023, with renewal options.
The lease on this facility expires on August 31, 2024, with renewal options.
The lease on this facility expires on May 1, 2024. 
The Moses Lake location is comprised of two different facilities located in Moses Lake and Quincy, Washington. The facilities are leased on a 
month-to-month basis. 
The lease on this facility expires on August 31, 2021. 75% of the facility is sub-leased to an unrelated party on a quarter-to-quarter basis.

In addition to the facilities listed above, our executive office is leased and located in Highland Hills, Ohio and we have leased 
offices located in Media, Pennsylvania; Bonita Springs, Florida; and Monterrey, Mexico. Management believes we will be 
able to accommodate our capacity needs for the immediate future at our existing facilities.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

the operation of our business. In 
We are party to various legal actions that we believe are ordinary in nature and incidental to 
the opinion of management, the outcome of the proceedings to which we are currently a party will not have a material adverse 
effect upon our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

y

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable. 

 Page 20 

 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

This information is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Instruction 3 of Item 401(b) of Regulation 
S-K. The following is a list of our executive officers and a brief description of their business experience. Each executive
officer will hold office until his successor is chosen and qualified. 

Michael D. Siegal, age 66, has served as the Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors since January 2019. He previously 
served as our Chief Executive Officer from 1984 until December 2018 and as Chairman of our Board of Directors from 1994 
until December 2018.  From 1984 until January 2001, he also served as our President.  He has been employed by us in a 
variety of capacities since 1974. Mr. Siegal serves on the Board of Directors of Cleveland-Cliffs, Inc. and Twin City Fan. He 
is also the immediate past Board Chair of the Jewish Federations of North America and is currently on the Board of the
Development Corporation for Israel and the Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Jewish Agency for Israel.

Richard  T.  Marabito,  age  55,  has  served  as  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  since  January  2019.  From  March  2000  through 
December 2018, he served as our Chief Financial Officer. He joined us in 1994 as Corporate Controller and served in this 
capacity until March 2000. He also served as Treasurer from 1994 through 2002 and again from 2010 through 2012. Prior to
joining  us,  Mr.  Marabito  served  as  Corporate  Controller  for  a  publicly  traded  wholesale distribution  company  and  was 
employed by a national accounting firm in its audit department. Mr. Marabito is a Vice Chair and Board member of the
Metals  Service  Center  Institute  (MSCI).  He  is  the  Chair  of  the  MSCI’s  Governance  Committee  and  past  Chair  of  its
Foundation for Education and Research. He served as a Governance board member of the Make-A-Wish Foundation of Ohio,
Kentucky and Indiana and was past Chair of its Northeast Ohio regional board. Mr. Marabito also served on the Board of 
Trustees and was the Treasurer for Hawken School in Cleveland, Ohio.

f

Richard A. Manson, age 50, has served as our Chief Financial Officer since January 2019, and has been employed by us since
1996.  From January 2013 through December 2018, he served as our Vice President and Treasurer. From March 2010 through 
December  2012,  he  served  as  our  Vice  President  of  Human  Resources  and  Administration.   From  January  2003  through
March 2010, he served as our Treasurer and Corporate Controller.  From 1996 through 2002, he served as our Director of 
Taxes and Risk Management.  Prior to joining us, Mr. Manson was employed for seven years by a national accounting firm
in its tax department.  Mr. Manson is a Board Member of the Cleveland Catholic Cemeteries Association.  Mr. Manson is a
certified public accountant and member of the Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants and the American Institute of 
Certified Public Accountants.

David A. Wolfort, age 66, has served as our President since January 2001 and as a director since 1987. He previously served 
as Chief Operating Officer from 1995 to 2016 and as Vice President Commercial from 1987 to 1995, after having joined us 
in 1984 as General Manager. Prior thereto, he spent eight years with a primary steel producer in a variety of sales assignments. 
Mr. Wolfort serves as a member of the United States Industry Trade Advisory Committee on Steel. He previously served on
the board of directors of the MSCI and was a past Chairman of both the MSCI Political Action Committee and the MSCI
Governmental Affairs Committee. He serves as a Trustee with the Ohio University Foundation Board, and was previously a 
Trustee and Chair of Ohio University Board of Trustees. He is a current Trustee of the Musical Arts Association (Cleveland 
Orchestra),  where  he  serves  as  Vice  Chairman  of  the  Human Resources  Committee,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Finance
Committee. 

Andrew S. Greiff, age 57, has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since August 2016. He
previously  served  as  President,  Specialty  Metals  from  2011  to  2016  after  having  joined  us  in  2009  as  Vice  President  of 
Specialty Metals. Prior thereto, Mr. Greiff spent 24 years in various positions within the steel industry and served as the 
President and CEO of his own steel trading company. Mr. Greiff is a past director of Hawken School and the MSCI Specialty
Metals Product Council.

aa

Donald McNeeley, age 64, has served as the President of CTI, a wholly owned subsidiary of Olympic Steel, Inc., since the
acquisition on July 1, 2011.   He joined CTI in 1972 and has held several operational and executive positions within the
company.  After  serving  as  CTI’s  Vice  President  of  Operations  and  subsequently  Executive  Vice  President,  in  1990,  Dr.
McNeeley  was  appointed  President  and  Chief  Operating  Officer.  He  is  a  former  Chairman  of  the  Metals  Service  Center 
Institute.  Dr. McNeeley is an adjunct professor at Northwestern University where he teaches in the graduate engineering 
program.  He serves on the board of directors of Saulsbury Industries in Odessa, Texas, where he chairs the Audit Committee.
Dr. McNeeley also serves on the board of directors of Vail Rubber Industries in St. Joseph, Michigan, and is a former director 
of The Committee for Monetary Research in Greenwich, Connecticut.   

 Page 21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Price Range of Common Stock

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “ZEUS.” 

Holders of Record

As  of  January  28,  2019,  we  estimate  there  were  approximately 37  holders  of  record  and  4,930  beneficial  holders  of  our 
common stock. 

y

Dividends

During 2018, our Board of Directors approved regular quarterly dividends of $0.02 per share that were paid on March 15,
2018, June 15, 2018, September 17, 2018 and December 17, 2018. 

During 2017, our Board of Directors approved regular quarterly dividends of $0.02 per share that were paid on March 15,
2017, June 15, 2017, September 15, 2017 and December 15, 2017. 

We expect to continue to make regular quarterly dividend distributions in the future, subject 
to the continuing determination
tt
by our Board of Directors that the dividend remains in the best interest of our shareholders.  Our asset-based credit facility
(the ABL Credit Facility) restricts the aggregate amount of dividends and common stock repurchases that we can pay to $5.0 
million annually without limitations.  Dividend distributions in excess of $5.0 million require us to (i) maintain availability
in excess of 20.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments or (ii) to maintain availability equal to or greater than 15.0% of 
the aggregate revolver commitments, and we must maintain a pro-forma ratio of Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation 
and  Amortization  (EBITDA)  minus  certain  capital  expenditures  and  cash  taxes  paid  to  fixed  charges  of  at  least  1.00  to
1.00.  Any determinations by the Board of Directors to pay cash dividends in the future will take into account various factors,
including our financial condition, results of operations, current and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and restrictions 
under our credit agreement and any agreements governing our future debt.  We cannot assure you that dividends will be paid 
in the future or that, if paid, the dividends will be at the same amount or frequency.

t

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not purchase any of our equity securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2018. 

On October 2, 2015, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 550,000 shares 
of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock, which could include open market repurchases, negotiated block 
transactions, accelerated stock repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, all or some of which may be effected 
through Rule 10b5-1 plans.  Any of the repurchased shares will be held in our treasury, or canceled and retired as our Board 
may determine from time to time.  Any repurchases of common stock are subject to the covenants contained in the ABL
Credit Facility.  Our ABL Credit Facility restricts the aggregate amount of dividends and common stock repurchases that we 
can pay to $5.0 million annually without limitations.  Purchases in excess of $5.0 million require us to (i) maintain availability
in excess of 20.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments or (ii) to maintain availability equal to or greater than 15.0% of 
the aggregate revolver commitments and we must maintain a pro-forma ratio of EBITDA,  minus certain capital expenditures 
and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00.  The timing and amount of any repurchases under the stock 
repurchase program will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, and limitations under the 
ABL Credit Facility, and repurchases may be discontinued at any time. 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

We did not have any unregistered sales of equity securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2018.

 Page 22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table sets forth selected financial and other data for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 
2018. The data presented should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 
and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K. 

For the Years Ended December 31,

2018

2017
2016
(in thousands, except per share data) 

2015

2014

Income Statement Data:
Net sales 
Cost of materials sold 
Gross profit (a) 
Operating expenses (b) 
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment 
Operating income (loss) 
Interest and other expense on debt 
Income (loss) before income taxes 
Net income (loss) (c) 

Per Share Data:
Net income (loss) - basic (d) 
Net income (loss) - diluted (e) 
Dividends paid 

Shares Outstanding:
Weighted average shares - basic 
Weighted average shares - diluted 

Balance Sheet Data (as of December 31):
Current assets (f) 
Current liabilities (f) 
Working capital (g) 
Total assets (f) 
Total debt 
Shareholders' equity 

  $ 1,715,081    $ 1,330,696    $ 1,055,116    $  1,175,543    $ 1,436,270  
942,214       1,160,310  
     1,372,954       1,055,212      
275,484      
275,960 
233,329      
261,332  
236,157      
251,498      
23,836  
24,951      
-      
23,986      
(9,208)
(27,779)     
6,780  
5,690      
7,518      
(16,114)
(33,594)     
16,350      
(19,064)
(26,777)   $
18,963    $

820,040      
235,076      
229,328      
-      
5,748      
5,273      
420      
(1,078)   $ 

342,127      
285,075      
-      
57,052      
10,681      
46,064      
33,759    $

  $

  $
  $
  $

2.95    $
2.95    $
0.08    $

1.67    $
1.67      
0.08    $

(0.10)   $ 
(0.10)     
0.08    $ 

(2.39)   $
(2.39)     
0.08    $

(1.71)
(1.71) 
0.08  

11,432      
11,440      

11,381      
11,381      

11,210      
11,210      

11,192      
11,192      

11,120 
11,120  

  $

  $

562,769    $
128,427      
434,342      
760,740      
302,530      
306,991    $

420,136    $
111,147      
308,989      
604,158      
197,165      
272,583    $

364,940    $  308,946    $
104,898      
77,060      
231,886      
260,042      
511,880      
556,068      
166,424      
148,490      
253,390    $  254,695    $

458,709 
131,977 
326,732 
699,154  
247,620 
280,781  

(a)  Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold (includes LIFO expense of $8,408 and $2,707 in 2018
and 2017, respectively, LIFO income of $1,489 and $3,347 in 2016 and 2015, respectively and LIFO expense of $365 in
2014). 

(b)  Operating  expenses  are  calculated  as  total  costs  and  expenses  less  the  cost  of  materials  sold.  It  does  not  include  the

goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge shown separately below.

(c)  The year ended December 31, 2017, includes a $6.2 million benefit related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. 
(d)  Calculated by dividing net income (loss) by weighted average basic shares outstanding.
(e)  Calculated by dividing net income (loss) by weighted average diluted shares outstanding.
(f)  Prospective adjustment of deferred tax assets and liabilities in 2016, prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted.
(g)  Calculated as current assets less current liabilities.

 Page 23 

                                           
  
 
 
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
  
 
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
 
 
      
        
        
        
        
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
      
        
        
        
        
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
      
        
        
        
        
 
  
  
 
  
 
    
    
  
      
        
        
        
        
 
  
      
        
        
        
        
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-
looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in
the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed under 
Item 1A, Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following section is qualified in its entirety by the more 
detailed  information,  including  our  financial  statements  and  the  notes  thereto,  which  appears  elsewhere  in  this  Annual 
Report.

rr

Overview

We are a leading metals service center that operates in three reportable segments; carbon flat products, specialty metals flat 
products,  and  tubular  and  pipe  products.   We  provide  metals  processing  and  distribution services  for  a  wide  range  of 
customers.  Our carbon flat products segment’s focus is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed 
carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts.  Our specialty metals flat products segment’s 
focus is on the direct sale and distribution of processed aluminum and stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar 
products and fabricated parts.  Through the acquisition of Berlin Metals on April 2, 2018, our specialty metals flat products
segment expanded its product offerings to include differing types of stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil and prime tin mill
products.  In addition, we distribute metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricate pressure parts supplied to various
industrial  markets  through  our  tubular  and  pipe  products  segment.   Products  that  require  more  value-added  processing 
generally have a higher gross profit.  Accordingly, our overall gross profit is affected by, among other things, product mix, 
the amount of processing performed, the demand for and availability of metals, and volatility in selling prices and material 
purchase  costs.   We  also  perform  toll  processing  of  customer-owned  metals.  We  sell  certain  products  internationally, 
primarily in Canada and Mexico.  International sales are immaterial to our consolidated financial results and to the individual
segments’ results. 

Our results of operations are affected by numerous external factors including, but not limited to: general and global business,
economic,  financial,  banking  and  political  conditions;  fluctuations  in  the  value  of  the  U.S.  dollar  to  foreign  currencies, 
competition;  metals  pricing,  demand  and  availability;  transportation  and  energy  costs;  pricing  and  availability  of  raw
materials used in the production of metals; global supply, the level of metals imported into the United States, tariffs, and 
inventory held in the supply chain; the availability, and increased costs of labor; customers’ ability to manage their credit l
ine
availability; and layoffs or work stoppages by our own, our suppliers’ or our customers’ personnel. The metals industry also
continues to be affected by the global consolidation of our suppliers, competitors and end-use customers.

d

f

f

Like other metals service centers, we maintain substantial inventories of metals to accommodate the short lead times and just-
tals in an effort to maintain our inventory at 
in-time delivery requirements of our customers.  Accordingly, we purchase me
levels that we believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon customer forecasts,
historic buying practices, supply agreements with customers and market conditions.  Our commitments to purchase metals 
are generally at prevailing market prices in effect at the time we place our orders.  From time to time, we have entered into 
nickel swaps at the request of our customers in order to mitigate our customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals, and
we have entered into metals hedges to mitigate our risk of volatility in the price of metals.  We have no long-term, fixed-pric
e 
metals purchase contracts.  When metals prices decline, customer demands for lower prices and our competitors’ responses
to those demands could result in lower sale prices and, consequently, lower gross profits and earnings as we use existing 
qq
metals inventory.  When metals prices increase, competitive conditions will influence how much of the price increase we can
pass on to our customers.  To the extent we are unable to pass on future price increases in our raw materials to our customers,
the net sales and gross profits of our business could be adversely affected. 

y

We operate in three reportable segments; carbon flat products, specialty metals flat products and tubular and pipe products. 
The carbon flat products segment and the specialty metals flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as
the flat products segment. Some of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the carbon and specialty
metals segments and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared 
equipment. As such, total assets and capital expenditures are reported in the aggregate for the flat products segments. Due to
the shared assets and resources, certain of the flat products segment expenses are allocated between the carbon flat products 
segment and the specialty metals flat products segment based upon an established allocation methodology. 

We follow the accounting guidance that requires the utilization of a “management approach” to define and report the financial
results  of  operating  segments.  The  management  approach  defines  operating  segments  along  the  lines  used  by  the  chief 
operating  decision  maker,  or  CODM,  to  assess  performance  and  make  operating  and  resource  allocation  decisions.  Our 

 Page 24 

  
  
 
  
 
  
CODM  evaluates  performance  and  allocates  resources based  primarily  on  operating  income.  Our operating segments  are 
based primarily on internal management reporting.

Due to the nature of the products sold in each segment, there are significant differences in the segments’ average selling price 
and the cost of materials sold. The tubular and pipe products segment generally has the highest average selling price among 
the three segments followed by the specialty metals flat products and carbon flat products segments. Due to the nature of the
tubular and pipe products, we do not report tons sold or per ton information. Gross profit per ton is generally higher in the
specialty metals flat products segment than the carbon flat products segment. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales is 
generally  highest  in  the  tubular  and  pipe  products  segment,  followed  by  the  carbon  and  specialty  metals  flat  products 
segments.

Due to the differences in average selling prices, gross profit and gross profit percentage among the segments, a change in the 
mix of sales could impact total net sales, gross profit, and gross profit percentage. In addition, certain inventory in the tubular 
and pipe products segment is valued under the LIFO method. Adjustments to the LIFO inventory value are recorded to cost 
of materials sold and may impact the gross margin and gross margin percentage at the consolidated Company and tubular 
and pipe products segment levels. 

Carbon flat products

The primary focus of our carbon flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed 
carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts. We act as an intermediary between metals 
producers and manufacturers that require processed metals for their operations. We serve customers in most metals consuming 
industries, including manufacturers and fabricators of transportation and material ha
ndling equipment, construction and farm
a
machinery, storage tanks, environmental and energy generation equipment, automobiles, military vehicles and equipment, as 
well as general and plate fabricators and metals service centers. We distribute these products primarily through a direct sales
force. 

Specialty metals flat products

The primary focus of our specialty metals flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of processed stainless 
and aluminum flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and fabricated parts. Through its acquisition of Berlin 
Metals on April 2, 2018, our specialty metals flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include differing types
of stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil and prime tin mill products. We act as an intermediary between metals producers and 
manufacturers  that  require  processed  metals  for  their  operations.  We  serve  customers  in  various  industries,  including
manufacturers of food service and commercial appliances, agriculture equipment, transportation and automotive equipment.
We distribute these products primarily through a direct sales force. 

Combined, the carbon and specialty metals flat products segments have 21 strategically-located processing and distribution
facilities in the United States and one in Monterrey, Mexico. Many of our facilities service both the carbon and the specialty
metals flat products segments, and certain assets and resources are shared by the segments. Our geographic footprint allows 
us  to  focus  on  regional  customers  and  larger  national  and  multi-national  accounts,  primarily  located  throughout  the 
midwestern, eastern and southern United States.

aa

Tubular and pipe products

The tubular and pipe products segment consists of the CTI business, acquired in 2011.  Through our tubular and pipe products 
segment, we distribute metal tubing, pipe, bar, valve and fittings and fabricate pressure parts supplied to various industrial
markets.  Founded in 1914, CTI operates from eight locations in the midwestern and southeastern United States. The tubular 
and pipe products segment distributes its products primarily through a direct sales force.

Corporate expenses

Corporate  expenses  are  reported  as  a  separate  line  item  for  segment  reporting  purposes.  Corporate  expenses  include  the
unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain 
personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various
other professional fees.

 Page 25 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations

2018 Compared to 2017

Our results of operations are impacted by the market price of metals. Through the first seven months of 2018, metals prices
increased significantly and changes to our net sales, cost of materials sold, gross profit, cost of inventory and profitability,
were all impacted by industry metals pricing. The price increases resulted in metals pricing reaching its highest point in 10 
y
years. The increases were driven by both the tariffs initiated by the U.S. government in 2018 
under Section 232 of the Trade
Expansion Act of 1962 (section 232 tariffs) and strong customer demand. During the remainder of the year, market prices for 
r
metals declined from the prior months, but overall market prices for metal in 2018 were still higher than in 2017. The pricing 
decline in the third and fourth quarters caused gross margin pressure as higher priced material was applied to orders. We
expect the margin pressure to continue into the first quarter of 2019.

Transactional or “spot” selling prices generally move in tandem with market price changes, while fixed selling prices typically
ff
lag and reset quarterly. Similarly, inventory costs (and, therefore, cost of materials sold) tend to move slower than market 
selling  price  changes  due  to  mill  lead  times  and  inventory  turnover  impacting  the  rate  of  change  in  average  cost.  When
average selling prices increase, and net sales increase, gross profit and operating expenses as a percentage of net sales will
generally decrease.

Operating results for 2018 include the additional revenues and operating expenses resulting from the acquisition of Berlin
Metals on April 2, 2018. 

During the second quarter of 2017, we announced the permanent closure of our carbon flat products segment’s Siler City, 
North Carolina operation. The facility ceased operations in the third quarter of 2017. The land and building associated with
the operation was sold in July 2018 at net book value. The operating loss related to the Siler City, North Carolina operation
was immaterial in 2018 compared to $1.4 million in 2017. 

The following table sets forth certain consolidated income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(dollars shown in thousands):

Net sales 
Cost of materials sold (a) 
Gross profit (b) 
Operating expenses (c) 
Operating income 
Other loss, net 
Interest and other expense on debt 
Income before income taxes 
Income taxes (d) 
Net income 

2018

 $ 
  $  1,715,081      
     1,372,954      
342,127      
285,075      
57,052      
(307)     
10,681      
46,064      
12,305      
33,759      

  $ 

% of net
sales

2017

 $  

% of net
sales

100.0    $ 1,330,696      
80.1       1,055,212      
275,484      
19.9      
251,498      
16.6      
23,986      
3.3      
(118)     
(0.0)     
7,518      
0.6      
16,350      
2.7      
(2,613)     
0.7      
18,963      
2.0    $

100.0 
79.3  
20.7 
18.9  
1.8 
(0.0)
0.6 
1.2  
(0.2)
1.4 

(a) Includes $8,408 and $2,707 of LIFO expense for 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(b) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold. 
(c) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.   
(d) 2017 includes a $6.2 million tax benefit related to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 

Net sales increased $384.4 million, or 28.9%, to $1.72 billion in 2018 from $1.33 billion in 2017. Carbon flat products net 
sales increased $203.7 million, or 23.4%, and were 62.6% of total net sales in 2018 compared to 65.4% in 2017. Specialty 
metals flat products net sales increased $116.3 million, or 51.2%, and were 20.0% of total net sales in 2018 compared to 
17.1% in 2017. Tubular and pipe products net sales increased $64.4 million, or 27.6%, and were 17.4% of total net sales in
2018 compared to 17.6% of total net sales in 2017. The increase in net sales for the year ended December 31, 2018 was due 
to a 23.5% increase in average selling prices and a 4.3% increase in sales volume. Average selling prices increased in all 
segments during 2018 compared to 2017 as market pricing for metals was higher year-over-year. Sales volumes increased in 
the specialty metals flat products segment due to the acquisition of Berlin Metals and increased customer demand, and in the 
tubular and pipe products segment due to increased customer demand. The decrease in tons sold in the carbon flat products 

 Page 26 

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 
segment is due to the strategic decision to eliminate low margin international trading sales in 2018 and the closure of our 
North Carolina operation in the third quarter of 2017.

Cost of materials sold increased $317.7 million, or 30
.1%, to $1.37 billion in 2018 from $1.06 billion in 2017. During 2018,
we recorded LIFO expense of $8.4 million compared to $2.7 million in 2017. The increase in cost of materials sold in 2018
is primarily related to increased market metals pricing discussed above and increased sales volume. 

d

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) decreased to 19.9% in 2018 from
20.7% in 2017.  LIFO expense decreased gross profit by 0.5% of net sales in 2018 and by 0.2% of net sales in 2017.  The
decrease in 2018 gross profit as a percentage of net sales is due to the impact of higher average selling prices, as the average 
gross profit per ton increased in 2018 compared to 2017. 

Operating expenses (as defined in footnote (c) in the table above) increased $33.6 million, or 13.4%, to $285.1 million in 
2018 from $251.5 million in 2017.  As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses decreased to 16.6% in 2018 from 18.9% 
in  2017.   Operating  expenses  increased  in  all  categories  as  reported  on  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Comprehensive Income.  Operating expenses related to the Berlin Metals acquisition on April 2, 2018 accounted for 21.6% 
of the operating expense increase.  Variable operating expenses, such as warehouse and processing, increased as a result of 
increased sales volume and increased labor hours at our current operating facilities.  Selling and administrative and general
expenses increased as a result of increased labor expenses and increased variable based incentive compensation related to
increased profitability.  Operating expenses in the carbon flat products segment increased $15.0 million, operating expenses 
in the specialty metals products segment increased $11.9 million, operating expenses in the tubular and pipe products segment 
increased $2.3 million, and Corporate expenses increased $4.4 million. 

ff

Interest and other expense on debt totaled $10.7 million in 2018 compared to $7.5 million in 2017. Our effective borrowing 
rate, exclusive of deferred financing fees and commitment fees, was 3.7% in 2018 compared to 3.0% in 2017 due to the
increases in LIBOR rates since 2017. Total average borrowings increased $74.7 million, or 33.9%, to $275.3 million in 2018 
from $200.6 million in 2017, primarily related to increased workin

g capital needs in 2018.

d

Income before income taxes totaled $46.1 million in 2018 compared to $16.4 million in 2017. 

An income tax provision of 26.7% was recorded in 2018, compared to an income tax benefit of 16.0% in 2017. The decreased 
effective tax rate in 2018, is a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, signed on December 22, 2017. The Tax
Act, among other things, lowered the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result,
our 2017 effective tax rate included a one-time $6.2 million benefit from a revaluation of our deferred tax liability to the new
corporate  income  tax  rate.  The  2017  effective  tax  rate  also  included  an  out-of-period  adjustment  to  correct  and  record 
previously unrecognized deferred tax assets, and the associated tax benefit, related to our supplemental executive retirement
plan recorded in the first quarter of 2017. The adjustment, which had accumulated since the inception of the plan in 2005,
resulted in an increase to after-tax income of $1.9 million.

Net income for 2018 totaled $33.8 million, or $2.95 per basic and diluted share, compared to $19.0 million, or $1.67 per basic
and diluted share, for 2017.

r

 Page 27 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Results of Operations

Carbon flat products

The  following  table  sets  forth  certain  income  statement  data  for  the  carbon  flat  products  segment  for  the  years  ended
December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars shown in thousands, except per ton data):

Direct tons sold 
Toll tons sold 
Total tons sold 

2018

2017

% of net
sales

 $  

1,060,990        
81,381        
1,142,371        

% of net
sales

$   

1,060,002        
87,748        
1,147,750        

Net sales 
Average selling price per ton 
Cost of materials sold 
Gross profit (a) 
Operating expenses (b) 
Operating income 

  $ 

1,073,292      

100.0    $ 

869,628      

100.0 

940        

855,942      
217,350      
172,996      
44,354      

  $ 

79.7      
20.3      
16.1      
4.2    $ 

758        

693,742      
175,886      
158,000      
17,886      

79.8  
20.2 
18.2 
2.0  

(a) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold. 
(b) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.   

Tons sold decreased 5 thousand tons, or 0.5%, to 1.14 million tons in 2018 from 1.15 million tons in 2017. Toll tons sold 
decreased 7 thousand tons, or 7.3% to 81 thousand tons in 2018 from 88 thousand tons in 2016. The decrease in tons sold is 
due to the strategic decision to eliminate low margin international trading sales in 2018 and the closure of our North Carolina
operation in the third quarter of 2017, which accounted for a decrease year-over-year of approximately 35 thousand tons. 
Excluding these strategic decisions, the carbon flat products segment experienced a 2.6% tonnage increase in 2018 compared 
to 2017. Customer demand was strong during 2018. 

Net sales increased $203.7 million, or 23.4%, to $1.1 billion in 2018 from $869.6 million in 2017. Average selling prices in 
2018 increased 24.0% to $940 per ton, compared to $758 per ton in 2017. The increase in sales was due to the increase in
average selling prices, as sales volume remained relatively flat. The increase in the average selling price is a result of higher 
prices in the metals industry during 2018, as discussed in the overview of Results of Operations above. We 
expect carbon flat 
metals market prices in the first quarter of 2019 to decrease from fourth quarter 2018 prices. 

f

Cost  of  materials  sold  increased  $162.2  million,  or  23.4%,  to  $855.9  million  in  2018  from  $693.7  million  in  2017.  The 
increase was due to the increased market price for metals discussed above.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) increased to 20.3% in 2018 from
20.2% in 2017. The average gross profit per ton sold increased $37 per ton to $190 in 2018 from $153 in 2017.

Operating expenses in 2018 increased $15.0 million, or 9.5%, to $173.0 million from $158.0 million in 2017.  As a percentage 
of  net  sales,  operating  expenses  decreased  to  16.1%  in  2018  from  18.2%  in  2017.   Variable  operating  expenses,  such  as
warehouse and processing, increased as a result of increased sales volume and increased labor hours at our current operating
facilities.  Other operating expenses increased as a result of increased distribution expense, labor expenses and increased 
variable performance based incentive compensation related to increased profitability. 

Operating income for 2018 totaled $44.4 million compared to

d

 $17.9 million in 2017.

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Specialty metals flat products

The following table sets forth certain income statement data for the specialty metals
December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars shown in thousands, except per ton data):

t

 flat products segment for the years ended

Direct tons sold 
Toll tons sold 
Total tons sold 

% of net
sales

2018

$   
125,870        
9,717        
135,587        

% of net
sales

2017

$  
90,106        
54        
90,160        

Net sales 
Average selling price per ton 
Cost of materials sold 
Gross profit (a) 
Operating expenses (b) 
Operating income 

  $ 

343,479      

100.0    $ 

227,200      

100.0 

2,533        

294,553      
48,926      
33,678      
15,248      

  $ 

85.8      
14.2      
9.8      
4.4    $ 

2,520        

194,199      
33,001      
21,761      
11,240      

85.5 
14.5  
9.6  
4.9  

(a) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold. 
(b) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.   

90 thousand tons in 2017. The increase
Tons sold increased 45 thousand tons, or 50.4%, to 136 thousand tons in 2018 from 
in tons sold is due to the acquisition of Berlin Metals on April 2, 2018 and improved customer demand in the markets we 
served during 2018.

r

Net sales increased $116.3 million, or 51.2%, to $343.5 million in 2018 from $227.2 million in 2017. The increase in net 
sales is due to the acquisition of Berlin Metals on April 2, 2018 and improved customer demand in the markets we served 
during 2018. Average selling prices in 2018 increased to $2,533 per ton, compared to $2,520 per ton in 2017. The increase 
in the average selling price is a result of higher prices in the metals industry during 2018 as discussed in the overview of 
Results of Operations above. We expect stainless steel and aluminum market prices in the first quarter of 2019 to decrease 
from fourth quarter 2018 prices.

Cost  of  materials  sold  increased  $100.4  million,  or  51.7%,  to  $294.6  million  in  2018  from  $194.2  million  in  2017.  The 
increase in cost of materials sold was primarily due to the increase in sales volume in 2018 compared to 2017.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) decreased to 14.2% in 2018 from
14.5% in 2017. The average gross profit per ton sold totaled $361 in 2018 compared to $366 per ton in 2017. The decrease
in the gross profit percentage is a result of relatively flat gross margins per ton realized on higher average selling prices in 
2018. 

Operating expenses (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) increased $11.9 million, or 54.8%, to $33.7 million in 2018
from $21.8 million in 2017. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses increased to 9.8% of net sales in 2018 from
9.6% in 2017. Operating expenses increased due to the acquisition of Berlin Metals on April 2, 2018. Variable operating 
expenses,  such  as  distribution  and  warehouse  and  processing  increased  as  a  result  of  higher  sales  volumes.  Selling  and 
administrative and general expenses increased primarily as a result of increased variable based incentive compensation related 
to the increased sales volume, gross profit and operating income.

Operating income for 2018 totaled $15.2 million compared to $11.2 million in 2017.

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Tubular and pipe products

The following table sets forth certain income statement data for the tubular and pipe products segment for the years ended 
December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars shown in thousands).

Net sales 
Cost of materials sold (a) 
Gross profit (b) 
Operating expenses (c) 
Operating income 

2018

2017

$
298,310      
222,459      
75,851      
64,331      
11,520      

  $ 

  $ 

% of net
sales

$

% of net
sales

100.0     $  233,868      
167,271      
74.6       
66,597      
25.4       
62,029      
21.5       
4,568      
3.9     $ 

100.0  
71.5 
28.5 
26.5 
2.0  

(a) Includes $8,408 and $2,707 of LIFO expense in 2018 and 2017, respectively. 
(b) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.
(c) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.   

Net sales increased $64.4 million, or 27.6%, to $298.3 million in 2018 from $233.9 million in 2017. The increase in net sales 
was due to a 20.4% increase in sales volume and a 6.0% increase in average selling prices during 2018. The increase in 
volume was primarily due to new customer demand. The increase in the average selling price is a result of higher prices in 
the metals industry during 2018 as discussed in the overview of Results of Operations above. We expect tubular and pipe
products market prices in the first quarter of 2019 to decrease from fourth quarter 2018 prices 

Cost of materials sold increased $55.2 million, or 33.0%, to $222.5 million in 2018 from $167.3 million in 2017. The increase
in cost of materials sold was due to a 20.4% increase in sales volume and a 10.5% increase in the average cost of materials
sold which was impacted by the LIFO expense of $8.4 million in 2018 compared to $2.7 million in 2017. 

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) decreased to 25.4% in 2018 compared 
to 28.5%, in 2017. The LIFO expense decreased gross profit by 2.8% of net sales in 2018 compared to 1.2% of net sales in
2017. In addition, tubular and pipe products segment gross profit decreased as a result of a change in sales mix to more pipe
and fitting products, which traditionally have a lower gross profit, from higher gross profit fabrication product sales.

Operating expenses (as defined in footnote (c) in the table above) increased $2.3 million, or 3.7%, to $64.3 million in 2018 
from $62.0 million in 2017. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses decreased to 21.5% in 2018 compared to 26.5% 
distribution expense related to increased 
n
in 2017. Operating expenses increased in 2018 primarily as a result of increased 
shipments  and  increased  labor  hours  and  variable  incentive  compensation  related  to  increased  gross  profit  and  operating 
income.

d

Operating income for 2018 totaled $11.5 million, compared to $4.6 million in 2017. 

Corporate expenses

Corporate expenses increased $4.4 million, or 44.9%, to $14.1 million in 2018 compared to $9.7 million in 2017. The increase
in corporate expenses is primarily attributable to increased variable incentive compensation related to increased operating
income,  and  the  professional  fees  incurred  in  connection  with  the  Berlin  Metals  acquisition  on  April  2,  2018  and  the
McCullough acquisition on January 2, 2019.

2017 Compared to 2016

During 2017 and 2016, metals prices fluctuated significantly and changes to our net sales, cost of materials sold, gross profit, 
cost of inventory and profitability, were all impacted by industry metals pricing. Metals market prices in December 2017 
were approximately 7% and 77% higher than metals market prices in December of 2016 and 2015, respectively. Average 
quarterly metals  market prices during 2017 remained relatively flat after increasing in the first quarter of 2017 and were 
higher than the average quarterly metals market prices in the comparable quarters of 2016. 

n

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During the second quarter of 2017, we announced the permanent closure of our carbon flat products segment’s Siler City, 
North Carolina operation. The facility ceased operations in the third quarter of 2017. The land and building associated with
the operation was classified as Assets held for sale on the accompanying December 31, 2017 Consolidated Balance Sheet 
and subsequently sold in 2018. The operating loss related to the Siler City, North Carolina operation was $1.4 million in 
2017. 

The following table sets forth certain consolidated income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(dollars shown in thousands):

Net sales 
Cost of materials sold (a) 
Gross profit (b) 
Operating expenses (c) 
Operating income 
Other loss, net 
Interest and other expense on debt 
Income before income taxes 
Income taxes (d) 
Net income (loss) 

2017

$  
  $ 1,330,696      
     1,055,212      
275,484      
251,498      
23,986      
(118)     
7,518      
16,350      
(2,613)     
18,963      

  $

% of net
sales

2016

$   

% of net
sales

100.0    $ 1,055,116      
820,040      
235,076      
229,328      
5,748      
(55)     
5,273      
420      
1,498      
(1,078)     

79.3      
20.7      
18.9      
1.8      
(0.0)     
0.6      
1.2      
(0.2)     
1.4    $

100.0 
77.7  
22.3  
21.7  
0.5 
(0.0) 
0.5 
0.0  
0.1 
(0.1) 

(a) Includes $2,707 of LIFO expense and $1,489 of LIFO income for 2017 and 2016, respectively. 
(b) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold. 
(c) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.   
(d) 2017 includes a $6.2 million tax benefit related to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 

Net sales increased $275.6 million, or 26.1%, to $1.33 billion in 2017 from $1.06 billion in 2016. Carbon flat products net 
sales increased $198.6 million, or 29.6%, and were 65.4% of total net sales in 2017 compared to 63.6% in 2016. Specialty 
metals flat products net sales increased $37.3 million, or 19.6%, and were 17.1% of total net sales in 2017 compared to 18.0%
in 2016. Tubular and pipe products net sales increased $39.7 million, or 20.4%, and were 17.6% of total net sales in 2017 
compared to 18.4% of total net sales in 2016. The increase in sales for the year ended December 31, 2017 was due to an 
11.3%  increase  in  sales  volume  and  a  13.3%  increase  in  average  selling  prices.  Average  selling  prices  increased  in  all 
segments during 2017 compared to 2016 as market pricing for metals was higher year-over-year. 

Cost of materials sold increased $235.2 million, or 28.7%, to $1.06 billion in 2017 from $820.0 million in 2016. During 2017, 
we recorded LIFO expense of $2.7 million compared to LIFO income of $1.5 million in 2016. The increase in cost of materials
sold in 2017 was due to the increased sales volume and increased metals costs of 15

.6% during 2017.

d

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) decreased to 20.7% in 2017 from 
22.3% in 2016. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased in the carbon flat products segment to 20.2% from 21.2% 
in 2016, in the specialty metals flat products segment to 14.5% in 2017 from 15.7% in 2016 and in the tubular and pipe 
products segment to 28.5% from 32.6% in 2016. LIFO expense decreased gross profit by 0.2% of net sales in 2017 and the 
LIFO income increased gross profit by 0.1% of net sales in 2016. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net sales 
during 2017 was due to the cost of materials sold increasing more than selling prices in all segments and the increase of 
carbon flat products sales as a percentage of total net sales.

Operating expenses (as defined in footnote (c) in the table above) increased $22.2 million, or 9.7%, to $251.5 million in 2017
from $229.3 million in 2016. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses decreased to 18.9% in 2017 from 21.7% in
2016. Variable operating expenses, such as distribution and warehouse and processing, increased primarily related to the 
11.3%  volume  increase.  Distribution  expense,  in  addition  to  the  volume  increase, increased  as  a  result  of  the  continued 
inflationary pressures for freight. Warehouse and processing costs increased $7.9 million, or 9.9%, and distribution expense 
increased by $5.3 million, or 14.5%. Selling and administrative and general costs increased $9.8 million, or 11.4%, primarily
related to increased variable based incentive compensation based on increased sales volumes and profitability. Depreciation 
expense decreased $1.0 million, or 5.7%, as a result of certain assets being fully depreciated in 2017. Operating expenses in
the  carbon  flat  products  segment  increased  $11.7  million,  operating  expenses  in  the  specialty  metals  products  segment 
increased $1.9 million, operating expenses in the tubular and pipe products segment increased $6.3 million, and Corporate 
expenses increased $2.3 million.

n

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Interest and other expense on debt totaled $7.5 million in 2017 compared to $5.3 million in 2016. Our effective borrowing
rate, exclusive of deferred financing fees and commitment fees, was 3.0% in 2017 compared to 2.4% in 2016 due to the 
increases in LIBOR rates since 2016. Total average borrowings increased $48 million, or 31.5%, from $152.5 million in 2016 
to $200.6 million in 2017, primarily related to increased working capital needs in 2017. 

Income before income taxes totaled $16.4 million in 2017 compar

d

ed to $0.4 million in 2016. 

An  income  tax  benefit  of  (16.0%)  was  recorded  for  2017,  compared  to  an  income  tax  provision  of  356.6%  in  2016.  On 
December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed the Tax Act. As a result, our 2017 effective tax rate included a 
one-time $6.2 million benefit from a revaluation of our deferred tax liability to the new corporate 
income tax rate. The net 
benefit recorded was based on currently available information and interpretations of applying the provisions of the 2017 Tax 
Act as of the time of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In accordance with Sta
ff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No.
118 issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, the income tax effect for certain aspects of the Tax Act 
represent provisional amounts for which our accounting is incomplete but a reasonable estimate could be determined and 
recorded during the fourth quarter of 2017. The 2017 effective tax rate also included an out-of-period adjustment to correct 
and record previously unrecognized deferred tax assets, and the associated tax benefit, related to our supplemental executive 
retirement plan recorded in the first quarter of 2017. The adjustment, which had accumulated since the inception of the plan
in 2005, resulted in an increase to after-tax income of $1.9 million. The effective tax rate was disproportionately high in 2016 
due to low income before taxes relative to items that impact the effective tax rate. The 2016 effective income tax rate was
also impacted by increased valuation allowances and non-deductible expenses.

m

y

Net income for 2017 totaled $19.0 million, or $1.67 per basic and diluted share, compar
r
per basic and diluted share, for 2016. 

ed to net loss of $1.1 million, or $0.10

Segment Results of Operations

Carbon flat products

The  following  table  sets  forth  certain  income  statement  data  for  the  carbon  flat  products  segment  for  the  years  ended
December 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollars shown in thousands, except per ton data):

Direct tons sold 
Toll tons sold 
Total tons sold 

2017

2016

% of net
sales

 $  

1,060,002        
87,748        
1,147,750        

% of net
sales

$  
952,888         
73,880         
1,026,768         

Net sales 
Average selling price per ton 
Cost of materials sold 
Gross profit (a) 
Operating expenses (b) 
Operating income (loss) 

  $ 

869,628      

100.0     $ 

670,983       

100.0 

758        

693,742      
175,886      
158,000      
17,886      

  $ 

79.8       
20.2       
18.2       
2.0     $ 

653         

529,021       
141,962       
146,333       
(4,371 )     

78.8 
21.2  
21.8 
(0.6) 

(a) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold. 
(b) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.   

Tons sold increased 121 thousand tons, or 11.8%, to 1.15 million tons in 2017 from 1.03 million tons in 2016. Toll tons sold
increased 14 thousand tons, or 18.8% to 88 thousand tons in 2017 from 74 thousand tons in 2016. The increase in tons sold 
was due to improved customer demand in the markets we served and improved industry-wide shipments by U.S. service
centers in 2017 compared to 2016.

Net sales increased $198.6 million, or 29.6%, to $869.6 million in 2017 from $671.0 million in 2016. Average selling prices 
in 2017 increased 15.9% to $758 per ton, compared to $653 per ton in 2016. The increase in sales was due to the 15.9% 
increase in average selling prices and the 11.8% increase in sales volume. The increase in the average selling price was a 
result of higher prices in the metals industry during 2017 as discussed in the overview of Results of Operations above. 

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Cost  of  materials  sold  increased  $164.7  million,  or  31.1%,  to  $693.7  million  in  2017  from  $529.0  million  in  2016.  The 
increase  in cost  of  materials  sold  was due  to  a  17.3%  increase  in  the average  cost  of materials  sold per  ton during  2017
compared to 2016 and the 11.8% increase in sales volume.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) decreased to 20.2% in 2017 from
21.2% in 2016. The average gross profit per ton sold increased $15 per ton to $153 in 2017 from $138 in 2016.

Operating expenses in 2017 increased $11.7 million, or 8.0%, to $158.0 million from $146.3 million in 2016. As a percentage 
of  net  sales,  operating  expenses decreased to 18.2% for 2017  from  21.8%  in  2016. The  percentage  increase  in operating
expenses in 2017 were less than the volume increases during the year. Variable operating expenses, such as distribution and 
warehouse  and  processing,  increased  as  a  result  of  increased  sales  volume  and  distribution  cost  inflation.  Selling  and 
administrative  and  general  expenses  increased  primarily  as a  result  of  increased  variable  performance  based  incentive
compensation.

Operating income for 2017 totaled $17.9 million compared to operating loss of $4.4 million in 2016. 

Specialty metals flat products

The following table sets forth certain income statement data for the specialty metals
December 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollars shown in thousands, except per ton data):

t

 flat products segment for the years ended

Direct tons sold 
Toll tons sold 
Total tons sold 

% of net
sales

2017

 $  

90,106        
54        
90,160        

% of net
sales

2016

$  
82,156        
129        
82,285        

Net sales 
Average selling price per ton 
Cost of materials sold 
Gross profit (a) 
Operating expenses (b) 
Operating income 

  $ 

227,200      

100.0    $ 

189,930      

100.0  

2,520        

194,199      
33,001      
21,761      
11,240      

  $ 

85.5      
14.5      
9.6      
4.9    $ 

2,308        

160,185      
29,745      
19,904      
9,841      

84.3 
15.7  
10.5  
5.2 

(a) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold. 
(b) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.   

Tons sold increased 8 thousand tons, or 9.6%, to 90 thousand tons in 2017 from 82 thousand tons in 2016. The increase in 
tons  sold  was  due  to  improved  customer  demand  in  the  markets  we  served.  Industry-wide  shipments  increased  in  2017
compared to 2016.

Net sales increased $37.3 million, or 19.6%, to $227.2 million in 2017 from $189.9 million in 2016. Average selling prices 
in 2017 increased to $2,520 per ton, compared to $2,308 per ton in 2016. The increase in the average selling price was a result
of higher prices in the metals industry during 2017 as discussed in the overview of Results of Operations above.

Cost of materials sold increased $34.0 million, or 21.2%, to $194.2 million in 2017 from $160.2 million in 2016. The increase
in cost of materials sold was due to a 10.6% increase in the average cost of materials sold per ton during 2017 compared to 
2016 and the 9.6% volume increase.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) decreased to 14.5% in 2017 from
15.7% in 2016. The average gross profit per ton sold totaled $366 in 2017 compared to $361 per ton in 2016. The decrease
in the gross profit percentage was a result of relatively flat gross margins per ton realized on higher average selling prices in 
2017. 

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Operating expenses (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) increased $1.9 million, or 9.3%, to $21.8 million in 2017 
from $19.9 million in 2016. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses decreased to 9.6% of net sales in 2017 from 
10.5% in 2016. Variable operating expenses, such as distribution and warehouse and processing, increased as a result of 
increased sales volume and distribution cost inflation. Selling and administrative and general expenses increased primarily
as a result of increased variable based incentive compensation related to the increased sales volume and gross profit.

aa

Operating income for 2017 totaled $11.2 million compared to $9.8 million in 2016.

Tubular and pipe products

The following table sets forth certain income statement data for the tubular and pipe products segment for 2017 and 2016
(dollars shown in thousands). 

Net sales 
Cost of materials sold (a) 
Gross profit (b) 
Operating expenses (c) 
Operating income 

2017

 $ 
  $  233,868      
167,271      
66,597      
62,029      
4,568      

  $ 

% of net
sales

2016

$   

% of net
sales

100.0    $  194,203      
130,834      
71.5      
63,369      
28.5      
55,656      
26.5      
7,713      
2.0    $ 

100.0 
67.4 
32.6 
28.7  
3.9  

(a) Includes $2,707 of LIFO expense and $1,489 of LIFO income in 2017 and 2016, respectively. 
(b) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.
(c) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.   

Net sales increased $39.7 million, or 20.4%, to $233.9 million in 2017 from $194.2 million in 2016. The increase in net sales
was due to a 12.6% increase in average selling prices and a 6.9% increase in sales volume during 2017. The increase in
volume was due to increased customer demand despite lower industry-wide shipments of pipe and tube products. The increase 
in the average selling price was a result of higher prices in the metals industry during 2017. 

Cost of materials sold increased $36.5 million, or 27.8%, to $167.3 million in 2017 from $130.8 million in 2016. The increase
in cost of materials sold was due to a 12.6% increase in sales volume and a 19.6% increase in the average cost of materials 
sold which was impacted by the LIFO expense of $2.7 million in 2017 compared to LIFO income of $1.5 million in 2016. 

f

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) decreased to 28.5% in 2017 compared 
to 32.6%, in 2016. The LIFO expense decreased gross profit by 1.2% of net sales in 2017 compared to the LIFO income 
which  increased  gross  profit  by  0.8%  of  net  sales  in  2016.  In  addition,  tubular  and  pipe  products  segment  gross  profit 
decreased as a result of a change in sales mix to more pipe and fitting products, which traditionally has a lower gross profit,
from higher gross profit fabrication product sales. 

Operating expenses (as defined in footnote (c) in the table above) increased $6.3 million, or 11.6%, to $62.0 million from
$55.7 million in 2016. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses decreased to 26.5% in 2017 compared to 28.7% in
2016.  Operating  expenses  increased  in 2017  primarily  as  a  result  of  increased  distribution  expense  related  to  increased 
shipments and distribution cost inflation, less labor and overhead capitalized into inventory, and increased variable incentive
compensation related to increased gross profit and costs associated with a settlement of a commercial dispute.

Operating income for 2017 totaled $4.6 million, compared to $7.7 million in 2016. 

d

Corporate expenses

Corporate expenses increased $2.3 million, or 30.6%, to $9.7 million in 2017 compared to $7.4 million in 2016. The increase
in  corporate  expenses  was  primarily  attributable  to  increased  variable  performance  based  incentive  compensation  and, 
effective August 2016, when our President of Specialty Metals was appointed to the position of Executive Vice President and 
Chief Operating Officer, his associated costs were classified as Corporate expenses.

 Page 34 

 
 
 
 
  
    
  
  
  
 
    
  
   
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Cash Flows

Our principal capital requirements include funding working capital needs, purchasing, upgrading and acquiring processing
equipment and facilities, making acquisitions and paying dividends. We use cash generated from operations and borrowings
under our credit facility to fund these requirements.

We believe that funds available under our credit facility together with funds generated from operations, will be sufficient to
provide us with the liquidity necessary to fund anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditure requirements,
our dividend payments and any share repurchases and business acquisitions over at least the next 12 months. In the future, 
we may as part of our business strategy, acquire and dispose of assets or other companies in
the same or complementary lines
f
of  business,  or  enter  into  or  exit  strategic  alliances  and  joint  ventures.  Accordingly, the  timing  and  size  of  our  capital 
requirements are subject to change as business conditions warrant and opportunities arise. 

2018 Compared to 2017

Operating Activities

During 2018, we used $50.5 million of net cash for operations, of which $53.9 million was generated from operating activities
and  $104.4  million  was  used  for working  capital.  Net  cash  from  operations  during  2018 was primarily  comprised of net 
income of $33.8 million. During 2017, we used $19.0 million of cash for operations, of which $26.7 million was generated
from operating activities and $45.7 million was used for working capital. Net cash from operations during 2017 primarily 
comprised of net income of $18.9 million offset by the net change in long-term assets and liabilities of $11.9 million, which
includes the $6.2 million tax benefit related to the Tax Act. 

Working  capital  at  December  31,  2018  totaled  $434.3  million,  a  $125.4  million  increase  from  December  31,  2017.  The 
increase was primarily attributable to a $78.7 million increase in inventory (resulting from higher inventory levels and higher
average inventory costs in 2018 compared to 2017), and a $35.9 million increase in accounts receivable (resulting primarily
from higher sales prices in 2018) offset by a $3.9 million increase in accounts payable and outstanding checks (resulting from 
the  increased  inventory  purchases  at  the  end  of  2018)  and  a  $6.2  million  increase  in  accrued  payroll  and  other  accrued 
liabilities.

r

Investing Activities

Net  cash used for  investing  activities  was $47.5  million during  2018,  compared  to  $9.2  million during 2017. Investment
activities  in  2018  includes  the  acquisition  of  Berlin  Metals  for  $21.9  million  and  $25.7  million  of  capital  expenditures,
primarily attributable to a building expansion and additional processing equipment at our existing facilities. During 2019, we
expect our capital spending to be less than our annual depreciation expense.

Financing Activities

During 2018, $104.3 million of cash was generated from financing activities, which primarily consisted of $106.3 million of 
net borrowings under our Second Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, or ABL Credit 
Facility, to fund the continued rising metals prices and working capital needs and the acquisition of Berlin Metals on April 
2, 2018 offset by the final Industrial Revenue Bond (IRB) payment of $0.9 million and $0.9 million of dividends paid.  During 
  consisted  of  $31.6  million  of  net
d
2017,  $28.9  million  of  cash  was  generated  from  financing  activities,  which  primarily
borrowings under our ABL Credit Facility offset by a $0.9 million IRB repayment and $0.9 million of dividends paid.

In February 2019, our Board of Directors approved a regular quarterly dividend of $0.02 per share, which is payable on 
March  15,  2019  to  shareholders  of  record  as  of  March  1,  2019.   Our  Board  previously  approved  2018  and  2017  regular 
quarterly  dividends  of  $0.02  per  share,  which  were  paid  in  March,  June,  September  and  December  of  2018  and 
2017.  Dividend distributions in the future are subject to the availability of cash, limitations on cash dividends under our ABL
Credit Facility and continuing determination by our Board of Directors that the payment of dividends remains in the best 
interest of our shareholders.

 Page 35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Repurchase Program

f

In 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 550,000 shares of the Company’s issued and 
outstanding common stock, which could include open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated stock 
repurchases  or  open  market  solicitations  for  shares,  all  or  some  of  which  may  be  effected  through  Rule  10b5-1 
plans.   Repurchased  shares  are  held  in  our  treasury,  or  canceled  and  retired  as  our  Board  may  determine  from  time  to 
time.  Any repurchases of common stock are subject to the covenants contained in the ABL Credit Facility.  Under the ABL
Credit Facility, we may repurchase common stock and pay dividends up to $5.0 million in the aggregate during any trailing 
twelve months without restrictions.  Purchases in excess of $5.0 million require us to (i) maintain availability in excess of 
20.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($95.0 million at December 31, 2018) or (ii) to maintain availability equal to
or greater than 15.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($71.3 million at December 31, 2018) and we must maintain a 
pro-forma  ratio  of  EBITDA,  minus  certain  capital  expenditures  and  cash  taxes  paid  to  fixed  charges  of  at  least  1.00  to 
1.00.   The  timing  and  amount  of  any  repurchases  under  the  stock  repurchase  program  will  depend  upon  several  factors,
including market and business conditions, and limitations under ABL Credit Facility, and repurchases may be discontinued 
at any time.  During 2019, we expect to be limited to the $5.0 million available without restrictions to repurchase common
stock and pay dividends.

uu

tt

There were no shares repurchased during 2018, 2017 or 2016. 

Debt Arrangements

On November 30, 2018, we amended our ABL Credit Facility.  The amendment increased the revolving credit facility by $75 
million and now includes the assets acquired from McCullough on January 2, 2019.  The ABL Credit Facility provides for, 
among other things: (i) a revolving credit facility of up to $445 million, including a $20 million sub-limit for letters of credit 
and (ii) a first in, last out revolving credit facility of up to $30 million. Under the terms of the ABL Credit Facility, we may,
subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, request additional commitments under the revolving credit facility in the
aggregate principal amount of up to $200 million to the extent that existing or new lenders agree to provide such additional 
commitments.  The ABL Credit Facility matures on December 8, 2022. 

The ABL Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of our existing and future personal property.  The ABL Credit Facility 
contains customary representations and warranties and certain covenants that limit our ability to, among other things: (i) incur 
or guarantee additional indebtedness; (ii) pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase
subordinated  debt;  (iii)  make  investments;  (iv)  sell  assets;  (v)  enter  into  agreements  that  restrict  distributions  or  other 
payments from our restricted subsidiaries; (vi) incur or suffer to exist liens securing indebtedness; (vii) consolidate, merge or 
transfer all or substantially all of our assets; and (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the ABL Credit
Facility  contains  a  financial  covenant  which  includes:  (i)  if  any  commitments or  obligations  are  outstanding  and  our 
availability is less than the greater of $30 million or 10.0% of the aggregate amount of revolver commitments ($47.5 million 
at December 31, 2018) or 10.0% of the aggregate borrowing base ($44.4 million at December 31, 2018) then we must maintain 
a ratio of EBITDA minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the most
recent twelve fiscal month period. 

m

We have the option to borrow under our revolver based on the agent’s base rate plus a premium ranging from 0.00% to 0.25%
or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a premium ranging from 1.25% to 2.75%. 

As of December 31, 2018 we were in compliance with our covenants and had approximately $139.3 million of availability
under the ABL Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2018, $1.6 million of bank financing fees were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and “Other 
long-term assets” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The financing fees are being amortized over the five-
year  term  of  the  ABL  Credit  Facility  and  are  included  in “Interest  and  other  expense  on  debt”  on  the  accompanying
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. 

On January 10, 2019, we entered into a five-year interest rate swap that locked the interest rate at 2.567% on $75 million of 
our revolving debt. 

As  part  of  the  CTI  acquisition  in  July  2011,  we  assumed  approximately  $5.9  million  of  Industrial  Revenue  Bond  (IRB) 
indebtedness. On March 1, 2018, we made the final $0.9 million payment on the IRB and the letter of credit and fixed interest 
rate swap associated with the IRB were terminated.

 Page 36 

 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
   
 
 
2017 Compared to 2016

Operating Activities

During 2017, we used $19.0 million of cash for operations, of which $26.7 million was generated from operating activities
f
and $45.7 million was used for working capital. During 2016, we used $9.8 million of cash for operations, of which $16.8
million was generated from operating activities and $26.6 million was used for working capital.

Net cash generated from operations totaled $26.7 million during 2017 and was primarily comprised of net income of $18.9
million, depreciation and amortization of $18.6 million offset by the net change in long-term assets and liabilities of $11.9 
million, which includes the $6.2 million tax benefit related to the Tax Act. Net cash generated from operations totaled $16.8
million during 2016 and was primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $19.4 million offset by the net change
in long-term assets and liabilities of $1.7 million and the net loss of $1.1 million. 

Working capital at December 31, 2017 totaled $310.0 million, a $50.0 million increase from December 31, 2016. The increase 
was primarily attributable to a $31.0 million increase in accounts receivable (resulting primarily from higher sales in 2017) 
and a $20.8 million increase in inventory (resulting from increased inventory levels throughout 2017), offset by a $4.6 million
increase in accounts payable and outstanding checks (resulting from the increased inventory purchases at the end of 2017)
and a $1.6 million increase in accrued payroll and other accrued liabilities.

Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities was $9.2 million during 2017, compared to $6.4 million during 2016. In 2017, capital 
s 
expenditures totaled $10.2 million and were primarily attributable to processing equipment, facilities expansions and facilitie
maintenance.

q

Financing Activities

In 2017, $28.9 million of cash was generated from financing activities, which primarily consisted of $31.6 million of net
borrowings under our ABL Credit Facility, offset by $0.9 million of credit facility fees and expenses paid in connection with
the ABL Credit Facility.  In 2016, $17.0 million of cash was generated from financing activities which primarily consisted 
of $18.8 million of net borrowings under our ABL Credit Facility. 

Our Board previously approved 2017 and 2016 regular quarterly dividends of $0.02 per share, which were paid in March,
June, September and December of 2017 and 2016.

 Page 37 

 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
Contractual Obligations

The following table reflects our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.

Contractual Obligations 
(amounts in thousands) 
Long-term debt obligations 
Interest obligations 
Unrecognized tax positions 
Other long-term liabilities 
Operating leases 

Total contractual obligations 

(a)    $
(b)      
(c)      
(d)      
(e)      
  $

     Less than        
1 year 

Total 
302,587    $
45,408      
27      
11,120      
27,862      
387,004    $

     1-3 years       3-5 years      
42    $  302,530    $
10,995      
22,942      
-      
18      
102      
7,215      
10,086      
6,564      
40,303    $  320,191    $

15    $
11,471      
9      
2,097      
6,155      
19,747    $

- 
-  
-  
1,706  
5,057  
6,763 

     More than   
5 years 

(a) See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.  
(b) Future interest obligations are calculated using the debt balances and interest rates in effect on December 31, 2018.
(c) See  Note  13  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.   Classification  is  based  on  expected  settlement  dates  and  the

expiration of certain statutes of limitations. 

(d) Primarily consists of retirement liabilities and deferred compensation payable in future years.
(e) See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

An off-balance sheet arrangement is any contractual arrangement involving an unconsolidated entity under which a company 
has (a) made guarantees, (b) a retained or a contingent interest in transferred assets, (c) any obligation under certain derivative 
instruments  or  (d)  any  obligation  under  a  material  variable  interest  in  an  unconsolidated  entity  that  provides  financing,
liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to a company, or engages in leasing, hedging, or research and development services 
within a company.

aa

Other than operating leases, which are disclosed above, and derivative instruments discussed in Note 9 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements, as of December 31, 2018, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements. 

m

Effects of Inflation

Inflation  generally  affects  us  by  increasing  the  cost  of  employee  wages  and  benefits,  transportation  services,  processing
equipment, purchased metals, energy and borrowings under our credit facility. General inflation, excluding increases in the 
price of metals and increased labor and distribution expense, has not had a material effect on our financial results during the
past three years. 

Critical Accounting Policies

This discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements,
which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation 
of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the
financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On an on-
going basis, we monitor and evaluate our estimates and assumptions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in preparation 
of our consolidated financial statements:

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

q

Cash  equivalents  consist  of  short-term  highly  liquid  investments,  with  a  three-month  or  less  maturity,  which  are  readily 
convertible into cash. 

 Page 38 

 
  
    
  
  
      
  
  
  
    
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
Fair Market Value  

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a
liability in the principal or 
most  advantageous  market  for  the  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants on  the  measurement 
date.  Valuation techniques must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the us
e of unobservable inputs.  To 
a
measure fair value, we apply a fair value hierarchy that is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered 
observable and the last unobservable, as follows: 

r

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar
assets  or  liabilities;  quoted  prices  that  are  not  active;  or  other  inputs  that  are  observable  or  can  be  corroborated  by 
observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. 

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value
of the assets or liabilities. 

Financial  instruments,  such  as  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable  and  the  credit  facility
revolver, are stated at their carrying value, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value of marketable securities 
is based on quoted market prices.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable

The  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  in  maintained  at  a  level  considered  appropriate  based  on  historical  experience  and 
specific  customer  collection  issues  that  we  have  identified.  Estimations  are  based  upon  the  application  of  a  historical 
collection rate to the outstanding accounts receivable balance, which remains fairly level from year to year, and judgments
about the probable effects of economic conditions on certain customers, which can fluctuate significantly from year to year.
We  cannot  be  certain  that  the  rate  of  future  credit  losses  will  be  similar  to  past  experience.  We  consider  all  available 
information when assessing the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts each quarter.

y
Inventory Valuation

Inventories are stated at the lower of its cost or net realizable value.  Inventory costs include the costs of the purchased metals, 
inbound  freight,  external  and  internal  processing  and  applicable  labor  and  overhead  costs.   Net  realizable  value  is  the
estimated  selling  price  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  less  reasonably  predictable  costs  of  completion,  disposal  and 
transportation. 

Costs  of  our  carbon  and  specialty  metals  flat  products  segments’  inventories,  including flat-rolled  sheet,  coil  and  plate
products are determined using the specific identification method. 

Certain of our tubular and pipe products inventory is stated under the LIFO method. At December 31, 2018, approximately 
$51.1  million,  or  13.9%  of  consolidated  inventory,  was  reported  under  the  LIFO  method  of  accounting.  The  cost  of  the
remainder of tubular and pipe product segment’s inventory is determined using a weighted average rolling first-in, first-out 
method.

On the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, “Cost of materials sold (exclusive of items shown separately 
below)” consists of the cost of purchased metals, inbound and internal transfer freight, external processing costs, and LIFO 
income or expense. 

Property and Equipment, and Depreciation 

q p

y

p

p

,

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful
lives of the assets ranging from two to 30 years. We capitalize the costs of obtaining or developing internal-use software, 
including directly related payroll costs. We amortize those costs over five years, beginning when the software is ready for its
intended use.

 Page 39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
g
g
a
Intangible Assets and Recovera
bility of Long-lived Assets

g

y
y

The  Company  performs  an  annual  impairment  test  of  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  in  the  fourth  quarter,  or  more
frequently  if  changes  in  circumstances  or  the  occurrence  of  events  indicate  potential  impairment.  Events  or  changes  in 
circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include significant nonperformance relative to the expected historical
or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of the use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the 
overall business or significant negative industry or economic trends. Management uses judgment to determine whether to use
a qualitative analysis or a quantitative fair value measurement for the reporting unit that carries intangible assets. 

If a quantitative fair value measurement is used, the fair value of each indefinite-lived intangible asset is compared to its
carrying value and an impairment charge is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. We estimate the fair value
of  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  using  a  discounted  cash  flow  methodology. Management’s  assumptions  used  for  the
calculations are based on historical results, projected financial information and recent economic events. Actual results could 
differ  from  these  estimates  under  different assumptions  or  conditions  which  could  adversely  affect  the  reported  value  of 
intangible assets. 

d

We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets and the related estimated remain
ing lives whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Events or changes in circumstances that could trigger 
an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to the expected historical or projected future operating 
results, significant changes in the manner of the use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business or significant 
negative  industry  or  economic  trends.  We  record  an  impairment  or  change  in  useful  life  whenever  events  or  changes  in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or the useful life has changed.

d

ff

ff

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes on the consolidated balance sheet include, as an offset to the estimated temporary differences between 
the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts on the consolidated balance sheets, the tax effect of operating 
loss and tax credit carryforwards. If we determine that we will not be able to fully realize a deferred tax asset, we will record 
a valuation allowance to reduce such deferred tax asset to its net realizable value. We recognize interest accrued related to
unrecognized  tax  benefits  in  normal  income  tax  expense.  Penalties,  if  incurred,  would  be  recognized  as  a  component  of 
administrative and general expense.

Revenue Recognition 

g

Our contracts with customers are comprised of purchase orders with standard terms and conditions. Occasionally we may
also have longer-term agreements with customers. Substantially all of the contracts with customers require the delivery of 
metals  which  represent  single  performance obligations  that  are  satisfied  upon  transfer  of  control  of  the  product  to  the 
customer. 

Transfer of control is assessed based on the use of the product distributed and rights to payment for performance under the
contract terms. Transfer of control and revenue recognition for substantially all of our sales occur upon shipment or delivery 
of the product, which is when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer and is based on the applicable shipping
terms. The shipping terms depend on the customer contract. An invoice for payment is issued at time of shipment and terms 
are generally net 30 days. We have certain fabrication contracts in one business unit for which revenue is recognized over 
time as performance obligations are achieved. This fabrication business is immaterial to our consolidated results. 

Sales returns and allowances are treated as reductions to sales and are provided for based on hist
estimates and are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

a

orical experience and current

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs

pp g

g

Amounts  charged  to  customers  for  shipping  and  other  transportation  services  are  included  in  net  sales.  The  distribution 
expense line on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income is entirely comprised of all shipping 
and other transportation costs incurred by us in shipping goods to its customers.

Stock-Based Compensation

p

We  record  compensation  expense  for  stock  awards  issued  to  employees  and  directors.  For  additional  information,  see  
Note 11, Equity Plans.

 Page 40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August, 2018, the Financial Account Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2018-
15, “Intangibles – Goodwill and other – Internal-use software: Customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a 
cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract”. This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation
costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs
incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). 
Accordingly, this ASU requires an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance 
in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which 
costs to expense. This ASU also requires the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting
arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes reasonably certain renewals.
For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods
within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. We early adopted ASU 2018-15 in the third quarter of 2018 and the
adoption of this ASU did not materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, FASB issued ASU No 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging”. This ASU aligns an entity’s risk management
activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance 
for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To meet that objective, this ASU expand and refine
hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition and presentation of the effects
of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. This ASU also make certain targeted improvements
to  simplify  the  application  of  hedge  accounting  guidance  and  ease  the  administrative  burden  of  hedge  documentation 
requirements and assessing hedge effectiveness. This ASU is the final version of Proposed Accounting Standards Update
2016-310, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities”, which has
been deleted. For public business  entities,  this ASU  is  effective  for fiscal  years beginning  after  December 15,  2018,  and 
interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted in any interim period after issuance of this ASU. All
transition requirements and elections should be applied to hedging relationships existing (that is, hedging relationships in
which  the  hedging  instrument  has  not  expired,  been  sold,  terminated,  or  exercised  or  the  entity  has  not  removed  the
designation of the hedging relationship) on the date of adoption. The effect of adoption should be reflected as of the beginning 
of  the  fiscal  year  of  adoption.  The  adoption  of  this  ASU  is  not  expected  to  materially  impact  our  consolidated  financial
statements.

f

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718)”. This ASU provides 
the  guidance  in  Topic  718,
t
clarity  and  reduces both  (1) diversity  in  practice  and  (2) cost  and  complexity  when  applying
Compensation – Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This ASU
provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply
modification accounting in Topic 718. This ASU is the final version of proposed Accounting Standards Update 2016-360, 
“Compensation—Stock  Compensation  (Topic  718)—Scope  of  Modification  Accounting,”  which  has  been  deleted.  The
amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, 
beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not materially impact our consolidated financial statements. 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases,” which specifies the accounting for leases. The objective is 
to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements
about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. This ASU introduces the recognition of lease
assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. The guidance is
effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years with
early  adoption  permitted.  We  adopted  this  ASU  on  January  1,  2019.  The  adoption  of  the  guidance  will  impact  our 
Consolidated Balance Sheets by the creation of right to use assets and lease liabilities in the range of $22 million to $27 
million. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our Statement of Comprehensive Income or 
on the Statement of Cash Flows.

In  August  2015,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2015-14,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (Topic  606):  Deferral  of  the 
Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. We adopted this standard on
January 1, 2018. We completed the process of evaluating the effect of the adoption and determined there were no material
changes required to the reported revenues as a result of the adoption. Substantially all of the revenue arrangements consist of
a single performance obligation to transfer goods. Based on the evaluation process and review of the contracts with customers, 
the timing and amount of revenue recognized based on ASU 2015-14 is consistent with the revenue recognition policy under 
previous guidance. The adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach applied to those
contracts  which  were  not  completed  as  of  January  1,  2018  did  not  have  a  materi
al  impact  on  our  consolidated  financial
f
statements. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standard in
t material to our consolidated financial statements as of and 
effect for those periods. The impact of adopting ASU 606 was no
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. See Note 3, Revenue Recognition. 

m

u

 Page 41 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our principal raw materials are carbon, coated and stainless steel, and aluminum, prime tin mill, pipe and tube, flat rolled
coil, sheet and plate that we typically purchase from multiple primary metals producers. The metals industry as a whole is 
cyclical and, at times, pricing and availability of metals can be volatile due to numerous factors beyond our control, including 
general domestic and international economic conditions, the levels of metals imported into the United States, labor costs,
sales levels, competition, levels of inventory held by other metals service centers, consolidation of metals producers, new
global capacity by metals producers, higher raw material costs for the producers of metals, import duties and tariffs, including 
the section 232 tariffs initiated by the U.S. government in 2018, and currency exchange rates. This volatility can significantly
affect the availability and cost of raw materials for us. 

aa

We, like many other metals service centers, maintain substantial inventories of metals to accommodate the short lead times
and  just-in-time  delivery requirements  of  our  customers.  Accordingly,  we  purchase  metals  in  an  effort  to  maintain  our 
inventory at levels that we believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon historic
buying  practices,  supply  agreements  with  customers  and  market  conditions.  Our  commitments  to  purchase  metals  are
generally at prevailing market prices in effect at the time we place our orders. We have no long-term, fixed-price metals
purchase contracts. When metals prices increase, competitive conditions will influence how much of the price increase we 
can  pass  on  to  our  customers.  To  the  extent  we  are  unable  to  pass  on  future  price  increases  in  our  raw  materials  to  our 
customers, the net sales and profitability of our business could be adversely affected. When metals prices decline, customer 
demands for lower prices and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices and, consequently, 
lower  gross  profits  and  inventory  lower  of  cost  or  market  adjustments  as  we  sell  existing  inventory.  Significant  or  rapid 
declines in metals prices or reductions in sales volumes could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with
certain financial covenants in our credit facility, as well as result in us incurring inventory or intangible asset impairment 
charges. Changing metals prices therefore could significantly impact our net sales, gross profits, operating income and net 
income.

Rising metals prices, like we experienced in the first half of 2018, result in higher working capital requirements for us and 
our customers. Some customers may not have sufficient credit lines or liquidity to absorb significant increases in the price of
metals. While we have generally been successful in the past in passing on producers’ price increases and surcharges to our 
customers, there is no guarantee that we will be able to pass on price increases to our customers in the future. Declining
metals prices, which we experienced since the third quarter of 2018, have generally adversely affected our net sales and net 
income, while increasing metals prices have generally favorably affected our net sales and net income.

Approximately 48%, 51% and 51% of our consolidated net sales in 2018, 2017 an
f
to industrial machinery and equipment manufacturers and their fabricators. 

d 2016, respectively, were directly related

Inflation  generally  affects  us  by  increasing  the  cost  of  employee  wages  and  benefits,  transportation  services,  processing
equipment, purchased metals, energy and borrowings under our credit facility. General inflation, excluding increases in the
price of metals and increased labor and distribution expense, has not had a material effect on our financial results during the
past three years. 

We are exposed to the impact of fluctuating metals prices and interest rate changes. During 2018, 2017 and 2016, we entered 
into metals swaps at the request of customers. These derivatives have not been designated as hedging instruments. For certain
customers, we enter into contractual relationships that entitle us to pass-through the economic effect of trading positions that 
we take with other third parties on our customers’ behalf.

Our primary interest rate risk exposure results from variable rate debt. If interest rates in the future were to increase 100 basis
points (1.0%) from December 31, 2018 rates and, assuming no change in total debt from December 31, 2018 levels, the 
additional annual interest expense to us would be approximately $2.9 million. We have the option to enter into 30- to 180-
day fixed base rate LIBOR loans under the revolving credit facility provided by our ABL Credit Facility.

On January 10, 2019, we entered into a five-year interest rate swap that locked the interest rate at 2.567% on $75 million of 
our revolving debt. 

 Page 42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Olympic Steel, Inc. 

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

d

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm .......................................................................
........................ 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting ............................................................................... 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 ............... 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017  .................................................................................... 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016  ................................. 
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016  ............ 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016  .................. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 ............................ 
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016  ................. 

44
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
70

Pageg

 Page 43 

  
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Olympic Steel, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Olympic Steel, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”)
as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity 
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, including the related notes and financial
statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We 
also  have  audited  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2018,  based  on  criteria
established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (COSO). 

k

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of 
the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework
(2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The  Company's  management  is  responsible  for  these  consolidated financial  statements,  for  maintaining  effective  internal
control  over  financial  reporting,  and  for  its  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  cont
tt
rol  over  financial  reporting,
included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to
express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial
reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight 
Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S.
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

ff

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform 
the  audits  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over fina
ncial reporting was maintained 
in all material respects. 

ff

Our  audits  of  the  consolidated financial  statements  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material 
misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond 
to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence re
garding the amounts and disclosures in the
d
consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,
assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in
the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has excluded Berlin Metals
r
from  its  assessment  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as of  December  31, 2018 because  it  was  acquired by  the
Company in a purchase business combination during 2018. We have also excluded Berlin Metals from our audit of internal
control over financial reporting. Berlin Metals is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total net sales excluded 
from  management’s  assessment  and  our  audit  of  internal control  over  financial  reporting  represent  less  than  1%  and 
approximately  2.5%,  respectively,  of  the  related  consolidated  financial  statement  amounts  as  of  and  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2018. 

 Page 44 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that  (i) pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and 
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use,
or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to
the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

ff

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
February 15, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.

 Page 45 

 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Our  management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  Our 
internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect
misstatements.

Our  management  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2018.  In
making this assessment, our management used the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013),
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

tt

During 2018, we acquired Berlin Metals. The scope of our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting does not include the Berlin Metals acquisition. The total assets and net sales of Berlin Metals represented less than
1% and 2.5 % of our consolidated total assets and consolidated net sales, respectively, as of and for the year ended December 
31, 2018. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC's general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business
may be omitted from the scope in the year of acquisition. 

Based on our assessment, we concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, our internal control over financial reporting was 
effective based on those criteria.

The  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2018  has  been  audited  by
PricewaterhouseCoopers  LLP,  an  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm,  as  stated  in  their  report  which  appears
herein.

 Page 46 

 
 
 
  
 
 
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For The Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)

Net sales 

Costs and expenses 

Cost of materials sold (excludes items shown separately below) 
Warehouse and processing 
Administrative and general 
Distribution 
Selling 
Occupancy 
Depreciation 
Amortization 

Total costs and expenses 

Operating income 

Other loss, net 

Income before interest and income taxes 

Interest and other expense on debt 
Income before income taxes 
Income tax provision (benefit) 

Net income (loss) 

Gain on cash flow hedges 
Tax effect of hedges 

Total comprehensive income (loss) 

Net income (loss) per share - basic 
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 
Net income (loss) per share - diluted 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 
Dividends declared per share of common stock 

2018

2017 

2016 

  $

1,715,081    $ 

1,330,696    $ 

1,055,116 

1,372,954      
97,565      
81,107      
50,347      
29,020      
9,428      
16,645      
963      
1,658,029      
57,052      
(307)    
56,745      
10,681      
46,064      
12,305      
33,759    $ 

1,055,212      
87,425      
69,659      
41,789      
26,285      
8,862      
16,589      
889      
1,306,710      
23,986      
(118)     
23,868      
7,518      
16,350      
(2,613)     
18,963    $ 

-      
-      
33,759    $ 
2.95    $ 
11,432      
2.95    $ 
11,440      
0.08    $ 

-      
-      
18,963    $ 
1.67    $ 
11,381      
1.67    $ 
11,381      
0.08    $ 

820,040  
79,521 
63,054 
36,490 
23,060 
8,718 
17,596 
889 
1,049,368  
5,748 
(55)
5,693 
5,273  
420 
1,498 
(1,078) 

114 
(44) 
(1,008) 
(0.10)
11,210 
(0.10)
11,210 
0.08  

  $

  $
  $

  $

  $ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

 Page 47 

  
  
    
    
 
 
      
        
        
  
  
      
        
        
  
      
        
        
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
      
        
        
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of December 31,
(in thousands) 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable, net 
Inventories, net (includes LIFO credit of $3,071 as of December 31, 2018 and LIFO debit 

  $

Assets

of $5,337 as of December 31, 2017) 

Prepaid expenses and other 
Assets held for sale 

Total current assets 
Property and equipment, at cost 
Accumulated depreciation 

Net property and equipment 

Goodwill 
Intangible assets, net 
Other long-term assets 

Total assets 

Current portion of long-term debt 
Accounts payable 
Accrued payroll 
Other accrued liabilities 

Total current liabilities 

Credit facility revolver 
Other long-term liabilities 
Deferred income taxes 
Total liabilities 

Liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) 

Preferred stock, without par value, 5,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or 

Shareholders' Equity

outstanding 

Common stock, without par value, 20,000 shares authorized, 11,008 and 10,989 shares 

issued and outstanding 

Treasury stock, at cost, 12 and 31 shares held 
Retained earnings 

Total shareholders' equity 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 

  $

  $

  $

2018

2017 

9,319    $ 
175,252      

3,009 
132,737 

368,738      
9,460      
-      
562,769      
403,785      
(244,176)    
159,609      
2,358      
24,914      
11,090      
760,740    $ 

-    $ 
95,367      
19,665      
13,395      
128,427      
302,530      
9,327      
13,465      
453,749      

275,307 
8,333  
750 
420,136 
376,710 
(229,062) 
147,648 
- 
22,980  
13,394  
604,158  

930  
84,034  
11,999  
14,184  
111,147  
196,235 
12,048  
12,145  
331,575 

-      

- 

130,778      
(132)    
176,345      
306,991      
760,740    $ 

129,453 
(337) 
143,467 
272,583 
604,158  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

 Page 48 

 
  
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
      
        
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
      
        
 
      
        
 
 
      
        
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For The Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 

Cash flows from (used for) operating activities: 

Net income (loss) 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from 

operating activities - 

Depreciation and amortization 
(Gain) loss on disposition of property and equipment 
Stock-based compensation 
Intangibles and other long-term assets 
Deferred income taxes and other long-term liabilities 

Changes in working capital: 
Accounts receivable 
Inventories 
Prepaid expenses and other 
Accounts payable 
Change in outstanding checks 
Accrued payroll and other accrued liabilities 

Net cash used for operating activities 

Cash flows from (used for) investing activities: 

Acquisition 
Capital expenditures 
Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment 

Net cash used for investing activities 

Cash flows from (used for) financing activities: 

Credit facility revolver borrowings 
Credit facility revolver repayments 
Principal payments under capital lease obligation 
Industrial revenue bond repayments 
Credit facility fees and expenses 
Proceeds from employee stock options 
Dividends paid 

Net cash from financing activities 

Cash and cash equivalents: 

Net change 
Beginning balance 
Ending balance 

2018

2017 

2016 

  $

33,759    $ 

18,963    $

(1,078 )

18,035      
64      
1,529      
1,970      
(1,467)     
53,890      

(35,906)     
(78,662)     
47      
2,898      
1,038      
6,194      
(104,391)     
(50,501)     

(21,907)     
(25,715)     
126      
(47,496)     

597,867      
(491,572)     
(7)     
(930)     
(171)     
-      
(880)     
104,307      

18,587      
(52)     
1,096      
(2,874)     
(8,988)     
26,732      

(30,835)     
(20,781)     
(1,303)     
3,918      
658      
2,570      
(45,773)     
(19,041)     

-      
(10,160)     
991      
(9,169)     

19,402   
(376 ) 
534   
(638 ) 
(1,074 )
16,770   

(9,025 ) 
(47,881 )
1,620   
28,619   
(4,846 ) 
4,930   
(26,583 )
(9,813 ) 

-   
(6,824 ) 
376   
(6,448 ) 

387,220      
(355,584)     
-      
(895)     
(969)     
10      
(878)     
28,904      

307,298   
(288,499 )
-   
(865 )
(131 ) 
46   
(877 ) 
16,972   

6,310      
3,009      
9,319    $ 

694      
2,315      
3,009    $

711   
1,604   
2,315   

  $

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

 Page 49 

  
  
    
   
  
      
        
        
 
      
        
        
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
      
        
        
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
      
        
        
  
      
        
        
  
 
  
  
  
 
      
        
        
  
      
        
        
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
      
        
        
  
      
        
        
 
  
  
  
 
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
For The Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 

d
Cash paid during the period

Interest paid 
Income taxes paid 

2018

2017 

2016 

  $
  $

10,241    $ 
11,316    $ 

6,433    $
9,357    $

4,300   
982   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements

 Page 50 

  
  
    
   
  
  
   
   
 
      
        
        
  
  
 
 
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
For The Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 

  Accumulated    
Other 

  Common      Treasury      Comprehensive    Retained    
    Earnings      

Stock 

Stock 

Loss

Total
Equity 

Balance at December 31, 2015 

  $  128,129    $ 

(699)   $ 

(70)   $  127,335    $

254,695  

Net loss 
Payment of dividends 
Employee stock purchase (3 shares) 
Stock-based compensation 
Changes in fair value of hedges 

Balance at December 31, 2016 

Net income 
Payment of dividends 
Employee stock purchases (1 share) 
Stock-based compensation 
Other 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

Net income
Payment of dividends
Stock-based compensation
Other

  $ 

-    $ 
-      
46        
444      
-      
  $  128,619    $ 

  $ 

-    $ 
-      
10      
824      
-      
  $  129,453    $ 

  $

-    $
-   
1,324   
1   

Balance at December 31, 2018

  $

130,778    $

-    $ 
-      

90      
-      
(609)   $ 

-    $ 
-      
-      
272      
-      
(337)   $ 

-    $
-   
205   
-   
(132) 

-    $ 
-      

(1,078)   $
(877)     

-      
70      

-      
-      
-    $  125,380    $

18,963    $
-    $ 
(878)     
-      
-      
-      
-      
-      
2      
-      
-    $  143,467    $

-    $
-   
-   
-   
-    $

33,759    $
(880) 
-   
(1) 

176,345    $

(1,078)
(877)
46  
534  
70  
253,390  

18,963  
(878)
10  
1,096  
2  
272,583  

33,759 
(880)
1,529  
-  
306,991 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

 Page 51 

  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
  
 
    
    
  
  
      
        
         
        
        
  
 
      
        
         
        
        
 
    
    
         
        
      
    
    
 
      
        
         
        
        
 
    
    
    
    
 
      
        
         
        
        
 
 
 
 
  
 
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For The Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

1.     Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

g f

y f

g

Nature of Business

The Company operates in three reportable segments; carbon flat products, specialty metals flat products, and tubular and pipe 
products. The carbon flat products segment and the specialty metals flat products segments are at times consolidated and 
referred to as the flat products segments. Certain of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the carbon
and specialty metals segments and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed
on shared equipment. Due to the shared assets and resources, certain of the flat products segment expenses are allocated 
between the carbon flat products segment and the specialty metals flat products segment based upon an established allocation 
methodology. Through its carbon flat products segment, the Company sells and distributes large volumes of processed carbon 
and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products, and fabricated parts. Through its specialty metals flat products segment, 
the Company sells and distributes processed aluminum and stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and 
fabricated parts. Through its acquisition of Berlin Metals, LLC (Berlin Metals) on April 2, 2018, the specialty metals flat 
products segment expanded its product offerings to include differing types of stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil and prime tin
mill products. Through its tubular and pipe products segment, which consists of the Chicago Tube and Iron subsidiary (CTI), 
the Company distributes metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricate pressure parts 
supplied to various industrial 
markets.

ff

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of presentation

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  Olympic  Steel,  Inc.  and  its  wholly-owned
subsidiaries (collectively, the Company or Olympic), after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. 

Accounting Estimates

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States
requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and 
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentration Risks

The Company is a major customer of flat-rolled coil and plate and tubular and pipe steel for ma
ny of its principal suppliers, 
a
but  is  not  dependent  on  any  one  supplier.  The  Company  purchased  approximately  52%,  53%  and  54%  of  its  total  steel 
requirements from its three largest suppliers in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

The Company has a diversified customer and geographic base, which reduces the inherent risk and cyclicality of its business. 
The concentration of net sales to the Company’s top 20 customers approximated 29%, 27% and 29% of consolidated net sales 
in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In addition, the Company’s largest customer accounted for approximately 5%, 4% and 
4% of consolidated net sales in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Sales to industrial machinery and equipment manufacturers
and their fabricators accounted for 48%, 51% and 51% of consolidated net sales in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash  equivalents  consist  of  short-term  highly  liquid  investments,  with  a  three  month  or  less  maturity,  which  are  readily
convertible into cash.

 Page 52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Market Value

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a 
liability in the principal or 
most  advantageous  market  for  the  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between market  participants on  the  measurement 
date.  Valuation techniques must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the us
e of unobservable inputs.  To 
a
measure fair value, the Company applies a fair value hierarchy that is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two
are considered observable and the last unobservable, as follows:

r

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar
assets  or  liabilities;  quoted  prices  that  are  not  active;  or  other  inputs  that  are  observable  or  can  be  corroborated  by 
observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. 

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value 
of the assets or liabilities.

Financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and the credit facility, are
stated at their carrying value, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value of marketable securities is based on
quoted market prices.

Accounts Receivable

The  Company’s  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  is  maintained  at  a  level  considered  appropriate  based  on  historical 
experience  and  specific  customer  collection  issues  that  the  Company  has  identified.  Estimations  are  based  upon  the 
application of a historical collection rate to the outstanding accounts receivable balance, which remains fairly level from year aa
to  year,  and  judgments  about  the  probable  effects  of  economic  conditions  on  certain  customers,  which  can  fluctuate 
significantly from year to year. The Company cannot guarantee that the rate of future credit losses will be similar to past 
experience. The Company considers all available information when assessing the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful
accounts each quarter.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of its cost or net realizable value. Inventory costs include the costs of the purchased metals,
inbound freight, external and internal processing and applicable labor and overhead costs. Net realizable value is the estimated
selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.

Costs of the Company’s carbon and specialty metals flat products segments’ inventories, including flat-rolled sheet, coil and 
plate products are determined using the specific identification method.

Certain  of  the  Company’s  tubular  and  pipe  products  inventory  is  stated  under  the  last-in,  first-out  (LIFO)  method.  At 
December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, approximately $51.1 million, or 13.9% of consolidated inventory, and $48.1
million, or 17.5% of consolidated inventory, respectively, was reported under the LIFO method of accounting. The cost of 
the remainder of tubular and pipe product segment’s inventory is determined using a weighted average rolling first-in, first-
out (FIFO) method.

On the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, “Cost of materials sold (exclusive of items shown separately
below)” consists of the cost of purchased metals, inbound and internal transfer freight, external processing costs, and LIFO
income or expense.

Property and Equipment, and Depreciation

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful 
lives of the assets ranging from two to 30 years. The Company capitalizes the costs of obtaining or developing internal-use 
software, including directly related payroll costs. The Company amortizes those costs over five years, beginning when the
software is ready for its intended use.

 Page 53 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
Intangible Assets and Recoverability of Long-lived Assets

The  Company  performs  an  annual  impairment  test  of  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  in  the  fourth  quarter,  or  more 
frequently  if  changes  in  circumstances  or  the  occurrence  of  events  indicate  potential  impairment.  Events  or  changes  in 
circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include significant nonperformance relative to the expected historical 
or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of the use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the
overall business or significant negative industry or economic trends. Management uses judgment to determine whether to use 
a qualitative analysis or a quantitative fair value measurement for each of the Company’s reporting units that carry intangible
assets.

 compared to its
If a quantitative fair value measurement is used, the fair value of each indefinite-lived intangible asset is
carrying value and an impairment charge is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The Company estimates the 
fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets using a discounted cash flow methodology. Management’s assumptions used
for the calculations are based on historical results, projected financial information and recent economic events. Actual results 
could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions which could adversely affect the reported value 
of intangible assets.

d

f

The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets and the related esti
mated remaining lives whenever events or 
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Events or changes in circumstances that 
could  trigger  an  impairment  review  include  significant  underperformance  relative  to  the  expected  historical  or  projected 
future operating results, significant changes in the manner of the use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the overall 
business or significant negative industry or economic trends. The Company records an impairment or change in useful life 
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or the useful life has
changed. 

aa

t

Income Taxes

The  Company  records,  as  an  offset  to  the  estimated  effect  of  temporary  differences  between  the  tax  basis  of  assets  and
liabilities  and  the  reported  amounts  in  its  consolidated  balance  sheets,  the  tax  effect  of  operating  loss  and  tax  credit 
carryforwards. If the Company determines that it will not be able to fully realize a deferred tax asset, it will record a valuation
allowance  to  reduce  such  deferred  tax  asset  to  its  realizable  value.  The  Company  recognizes  interest  accrued  related  to 
unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, would be recognized as a component of administrative 
and general expense.

Revenue Recognition

The Company's contracts with customers are comprised of purchase orders with standard terms and conditions. Occasionally 
the Company may also have longer-term agreements with customers. Substantially all of the contracts with customers require 
the delivery of metals which represent single performance obligations that are satisfied upon transfer of control of the produc
t 
to the customer. 

ff

Transfer of control is assessed based on the use of the product distributed and rights to payment for performance under the
contract terms. Transfer of control and revenue recognition for substantially all of the Company’s sales occur upon shipment 
or delivery of the product, which is when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer and is based on the applicable
shipping terms. The shipping terms depend on the customer contract. An invoice for payment is issued at time of shipment 
and terms are generally net 30 days. The Company has certain fabrication contracts in one business unit for which revenue is
recognized  over  time  as  performance  obligations  are  achieved. This  fabrication  business  is  immaterial  to  the  Company's 
consolidated results. 

n

Sales returns and allowances are treated as reductions to sales and are provided for based on hist
estimates and are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.  

a

orical experience and current

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs

Amounts  charged  to  customers  for  shipping  and  other  transportation  services  are  included  in  net  sales.  The  distribution
expense line on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income is entirely comprised of all shipping 
and other transportation costs incurred by the Company in shipping goods to its customers. 

 Page 54 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records compensation expense for stock awards issued to employees and directors. For additional information, 
see Note 11, Equity Plans.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August, 2018, the Financial Account Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2018-15, 
“Intangibles – Goodwill and other – Internal-use software: Customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a
cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract”. This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation
costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs 
incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). 
Accordingly, this ASU requires an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance 
in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which 
costs to expense. This ASU also requires the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting
arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes reasonably certain renewals.
For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods 
within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-15 in the third quarter of 
2018 and the adoption of this ASU did not materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

In  August  2017,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No  2017-12,  “Derivatives  and  Hedging”.  This  ASU  aligns  an  entity’s  risk 
management  activities  and  financial  reporting  for  hedging  relationships  through  changes  to  both  the  designation  and 
measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To meet that objective, this 
ASU expands and refines hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition 
and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. This ASU also
makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance and ease the administrative 
burden of hedge documentation requirements and assessing hedge effectiveness. This ASU is the final version of proposed
ASU  2016-310,  “Derivatives  and  Hedging  (Topic  815):  Targeted  Improvements  to  Accounting  for  Hedging  Activities”,
which has been deleted. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018,
and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the ASU. 
All transition requirements and elections should be applied to hedging r
elationships existing (that is, hedging relationships in 
which  the  hedging  instrument  has  not  expired,  been  sold,  terminated,  or  exercised  or  the  entity  has  not  removed  the
designation of the hedging relationship) on the date of adoption. The effect of adoption should be reflected as of the beginning
of the fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to materially impact the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements. 

d

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718)”. This ASU provides 
clarity  and  reduces both  (1) diversity  in  practice  and  (2) cost  and  complexity  when  applyi
ng  the  guidance  in  Topic  718, 
t
Compensation – Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This ASU
provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply
modification accounting in Topic 718. This ASU is the final version of proposed ASU 2016-360, “Compensation—Stock 
Compensation (Topic 718)—Scope of Modification Accounting,” which has been deleted. The amendments in this ASU are
effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15,
2017. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The 
adoption of this ASU did not materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases,” which specifies the accounting for leases. The objective is
to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements
about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. This ASU introduces the recognition of lease
assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. The guidance is 
effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years with
early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt ASU No. 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of the guidance
will impact the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets by the creation of right to use assets and lease liabilities in the range
of $22 million to $27 million. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Statement 
of Comprehensive Income or on the Statement of Cash Flows. 

In  August  2015,  the FASB  issued ASU 2015-14,  “Revenue from  Contracts  with  Customers  (Topic 606):  Deferral  of  the 
Effective Date,” which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. The Company adopted this 
standard on January 1, 2018. The Company completed the process of evaluating the effect of the adoption and determined 
there were no material changes required to the reported revenues as a result of the adoption. Substantially all of the revenue

 Page 55 

 
 
 
 
  
 
arrangements consist of a single performance obligation to transfer goods. Based on the evaluation process and review of the
contracts with customers, the timing and amount of revenue recognized based on ASU 2015-14 is consistent with the revenue 
recognition policy under previous guidance. The adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective 
approach applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported 
under the accounting standard in effect for those periods. The impact of adopting ASU 606 was not material to the Company’s
consolidated  financial  statements  as  of  and  for  the  twelve  months  ended  December  31,  2018.  See  Note  3,  Revenue 
Recognition. 

ff

q
2.     Acquisitions

On April 2, 2018, the Company acquired substantially all of the net assets of Berlin Metals, based in Hammond, Indiana, for 
$21.9 million. Berlin Metals was founded in 1967 and is one of the largest North American service centers processing and 
distributing prime tin mill products and stainless steel strip in slit coil form. Berlin Metals is also a supplier of galvanized, 
light gauge cold rolled sheet and strip and other coated metals in coil forms, to customers in the building products, automotive 
and specialized industrial markets.

The acquisition is not considered significant and thus pro-forma information has not been provided. The acquisition was 
accounted for as a business combination and the assets were valued at fair market value. The table below summarizes the 
purchase price allocation of the fair market values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Details of Acquisition (in thousands) 
Assets acquired 

Accounts receivable, net 
Inventories 
Property and equipment 
Prepaid expenses and other 
Intangible assets 
Total assets acquired 
Total liabilities assumed 
Cash paid 

As of

April 2, 2018  

  $ 

  $ 

6,609  
14,769 
2,898 
345 
5,255  
29,876  
(7,969) 
21,907  

The purchase price allocation presented above is based upon management’s estimate of the fair value of the acquired assets
and assumed liabilities using valuation techniques including income, cost and market approaches. The fair value estimates 
involve the use of estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, the timing and amounts of future cash flows, 
revenue growth rates, discount rates, and royalty rates. 

As of the effective date of the acquisition, Berlin Metals’ results are included in the Company’s specialty metals flat products 
segment in the Company’s 2018 financial results. Upon the acquisition, the Company entered into an amendment to its credit 
facility to include the eligible assets of Berlin Metals. 

On January 2, 2019, the Company acquired all of the net assets of McCullough Industries (McCullough), based in Kenton,
Ohio.  McCullough  was  founded  in  1965  and  manufactures  and  sells  branded  self-dumping  hoppers  used  in  a  variety  of 
industrial applications. McCullough’s products are primarily sold through industrial distributors and catalogues.

The acquisition will be accounted for as a business combination and the assets valued at fair market value. The acquisition is
not considered significant and McCullough’s results will be included in the Company’s carbon metals flat products segment
in the Company’s first quarter of 2019 financial results. The acquisition is expected to be accretive to 2019 earnings. Upon 
the acquisition, the Company will be able to include the eligible assets of McCullough in its credit facility. 

3.     Revenue Recognition

g

The Company provides metals processing, distribution and delivery of large volumes of processed carbon, coated flat rolled 
sheet, coil and plate products, aluminum, and stainless flat rolled products, prime tin mill products, flat bar products, metal
tubing, pipe, bar, valves, fittings, and fabricated parts. The Company's contracts with customers are comprised of purchase 
orders with standard terms and conditions. Occasionally the Company may also have longer-term agreements with customers. 

 Page 56 

 
 
 
      
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
Substantially all of the contracts with customers require the delivery of metals which represent single performance obligations
that are satisfied upon transfer of control of the product to the customer.

Transfer of control is assessed based on the use of the product distributed and rights to payment for performance under the
contract terms. Transfer of control and revenue recognition for substantially all of the Company’s sales occur upon shipment
or delivery of the product, which is when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer and is based on the applicable
shipping terms. The shipping terms depend on the customer contract. An invoice for payment is issued at time of shipment 
and terms are generally net 30 days. The Company has certain fabrication contracts in one business unit for which revenue is
recognized over time as performance obligations are achieved. This fabrication business is not material to the Company's
consolidated results. 

n

k

Within  the  metals  industry,  revenue  is frequently  disaggregated  by  products  sold.  The  table  below disaggregates  the
Company’s revenues by segment and products sold.

Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018

gg g

y

Carbon flat
products

Specialty
metals flat
products

Tubular and
pipe 
products

Total

35.2%     
12.9%     
5.4%     
7.4%     
-       
-       
1.7%     
62.6%     

-       
-       
-       
-       
20.0%     
-       
0.0%     
20.0%     

-       
-       
-       
-       
-       
17.4%     
-       
17.4%     

35.2% 
12.9% 
5.4%
7.4%
20.0% 
17.4% 
1.7% 
100.0% 

Hot Rolled 
Plate 
Cold Rolled 
Coated 
Specialty 
Pipe & Tube 
Other 
Total 

4.     Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are presented net of allowances for doubtful accounts and unissued credits of $3.9 million and $2.8
million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Bad debt expense totaled $0.6 million, $0.6 million and $0.4 million 
in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The  Company’s  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  is  maintained at  a  level  considered  appropriate  based  on  historical
experience and specific customer collection issues that the Company has identified. Estimations are based upon a calculated 
percentage of accounts receivable, which remains fairly level from year to year, and judgments about the probable effects of 
economic  conditions  on  certain  customers,  which  can  fluctuate  significantly  from  year  to  year.  The  Company  cannot 
guarantee  that  the  rate  of  future  credit  losses  will  be  similar to  past  experience.  The 
Company  considers  all  available 
r
information when assessing the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts. 

d

5.     Inventories:

Inventories consisted of the following:

As of December 31,

(in thousands) 
Unprocessed 
Processed and finished 

Totals 

2018

2017

  $ 

  $ 

306,953    $ 
61,785      
368,738    $ 

225,187 
50,120  
275,307 

During 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded $8.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of LIFO expense as a result of 
increased metals pricing during 2018 and 2017. The LIFO expense decreased the Company’s inventory balance and increased 
its cost of materials sold.

If the FIFO method had been in use, inventories would have been $3.1 million higher and $5.3 million lower than reported 
at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

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6.     Property and Equipment:

q p

p

y

Property and equipment consists of the following:

(in thousands)

Land 
Land improvements 
Buildings and improvements 
Machinery and equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 
Computer software and equipment 
Vehicles 
Capital lease 
Construction in progress 

Less accumulated depreciation 
Net property and equipment 

Depreciable
Live

December 31,
2018

December 31,
2017

- 
5 - 10 
7 - 30 
2- 15 
3 - 7 
2 - 5 
2 - 5 

- 

    $ 

    $ 

15,881    $ 
3,547      
133,386      
205,826      
6,374      
28,638      
1,876      
86      
8,171      
403,785      
(244,176)     
159,609    $ 

15,881 
3,270  
131,655 
184,683 
6,298  
28,677  
1,746 
- 
4,500 
376,710 
(229,062) 
147,648 

Leasehold improvements are included with buildings and improvements and are depreciated over the life of the lease or seven
years, whichever is less. 

Construction in progress as of December 31, 2018, primarily consisted of payments for a building expansion and additional
processing equipment at our existing facilities that were not yet placed into service.

During  the  second  quarter  of  2017,  the  Company  began  actively  marketing  for  sale  certain  property  at  the  flat  product 
fied $0.8 million of net book 
t
segment’s Siler City, North Carolina facility. As a result of that decision, the Company reclassi
value related to that property along with certain machinery and equipment as assets held for sale in the Consolidated Balance 
Sheets. The sale was completed in July 2018.

7.     Goodwill and Intangible Assets:

g

The  Company’s  intangible  assets  were  recorded  in  connection  with  its  2018  acquisition  of  Berlin  Metals  and  its  2011
acquisition  of  CTI.  The  intangible  assets  were  evaluated  on the  premise  of  highest  and  best use  to  a  market  participant, 
primarily utilizing the income approach valuation methodology. The useful life of the customer relationships were determined 
to be fifteen years, based primarily on the consistent and predictable revenue source associated with the existing customer 
base, the present value of which extends through the fifteen-year amortization period. The useful life of the trade names were
determined to be indefinite primarily due to their history and reputation in the marketplace, the Company’s expectation that 
the trade names will continue to be used, and the conclusion that there are currently no other factors identified that would
limit its useful life. The Company will continue to evaluate the useful life assigned to our amortizable customer relationships
in future periods. 

t

Goodwill, by reportable segment, was as follows as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The goodwill is deductible 
for tax purposes. 

(in thousands) 

Carbon Flat 
Products 

Specialty 
Metals 
Flat Products    

Tubular and 
Pipe
Products 

Total 

Balance as of December 31, 2017 

Acquisitions 
Impairments 

Balance as of December 31, 2018 

  $ 

  $ 

-    $ 
-      
-      
-    $ 

-     $ 
2,358       
-       
2,358     $ 

-    $ 
-      
-      
-    $ 

-  
2,358 
-  
2,358  

During  2018  and  2017,  a  step  zero  test  was  performed  for  the  indefinitely  lived  intangible  assets  and  no  indication  of 
impairment was present. 

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Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively: 

(in thousands) 

Customer relationships - subject to amortization 
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization 
Trade names - not subject to amortization 

(in thousands) 

Customer relationships - subject to amortization 
Trade names - not subject to amortization 

As of December 31, 2018

Gross
Carrying 
Amount 

    Acquisitions     

Accumulated 
Amortization    

Intangible 
Assets,
Net 

  $ 

  $ 

13,332    $ 
-      
15,425      
28,757    $ 

640    $ 
157      
2,100      
2,897    $ 

(6,698)   $ 
(42)     
-      
(6,740)   $ 

7,274 
115 
17,525 
24,914 

As of December 31, 2017

Gross
Carrying 
Amount 

    Acquisitions     

Accumulated 
Amortization    

Intangible 
Assets,
Net 

  $ 

  $ 

13,332    $ 
15,425      
28,757    $ 

-    $ 
-      
-    $ 

(5,777)   $ 
-      
(5,777)   $ 

7,555 
15,425 
22,980 

The Company estimates that amortization expense for its intangible assets subject to amortization will be approximately $1.0 
million per year in each of the next five years.

8.     Debt:

The Company’s debt is comprised of the following components: 

(in thousands) 
Asset-based revolving credit facility due December 8, 2022 
Industrial revenue bond due April 1, 2018 
Total debt 

Less current amount 

Total long-term debt 

As of December 31,

2018

2017

  $ 

  $ 

302,530     $ 
-       
302,530       
-       
302,530     $ 

196,235   
930  
197,165  
(930 ) 
196,235   

On November 30, 2018, the Company amended its Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement and entered 
into its existing Joinder and Second Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “ABL
Credit Facility”).  The amendment increased the revolving credit facility by $75 million and includes the assets acquired from 
McCullough on January 2, 2019.  The ABL Credit Facility provides for, among other things: (i) a revolving credit facility of 
up to $445 million, including a $20 million sub-limit for letters of credit and (ii) a first in, last out revolving credit facility of 
up  to  $30  million.  Under  the  terms  of  the  ABL  Credit  Facility,  the  Company  may,  subject  to  the  satisfaction  of  certain 
conditions, request additional commitments under the revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to 
$200  million  to  the  extent  that  existing  or  new  lenders  agree  to  provide such  additional  commitments.   The  ABL  Credit 
Facility matures on December 8, 2022.

n

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The ABL Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the existing and future personal property of the Company.  The 
ABL Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and certain covenants that limit  the ability of the
Company  to,  among  other  things:  (i)  incur  or  guarantee  additional  indebtedness;  (ii)  pay  distributions  on,  redeem  or 
repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; (iii) make investments; (iv) sell assets; (v) enter into 
agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from restricted subsidiaries to the Company; (vi) incur or suffer to
exist liens securing indebtedness; (vii) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of their assets; and (viii) engage 
in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the ABL Credit Facility contains a financial covenant which includes: (i) if any 
commitments or obligations are outstanding and the Company’s availability is less than the greater of $30 million or 10.0% 
of the aggregate amount of revolver commitments ($47.5 million at December 31, 2018) or 10.0% of the aggregate borrowing 
base  ($44.4  million  at  December  31,  2018)  then  the  Company  must  maintain  a  ratio of  Earnings  before  Interest,  Taxes,
Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 
1.00 to 1.00 for the most recent twelve fiscal month period.

f

The Company has the option to borrow under its revolver based on the agent’s base rate plus a premium ranging from 0.00% 
to 0.25% or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a premium ranging from 1.25% to 2.75%. 

As  of  December  31,  2018  the  Company  was  in  compliance  with  its  covenants  and  had  approximately  $139.3  million  of 
availability under the ABL Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2018, $1.6 million of bank financing fees were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and “Other 
long-term assets” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The financing fees are being amortized over the five-
year  term  of  the  ABL  Credit  Facility  and  are  included  in “Interest  and  other  expense  on  debt”  on  the  accompanying
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. 

As part of the CTI acquisition in July 2011, the Company assumed approximately $5.9 million of Industrial Revenue Bond 
(IRB) indebtedness. On March 1, 2018, the Company made the final $0.9 million payment on the IRB and the letter of credit 
and fixed interest rate swap associated with the IRB were terminated.

Scheduled Debt Maturities, Interest, Debt Carrying Values

The Company’s principal payments over the next five years are detailed in the table below: 

(in thousands)
ABL Credit Facility 
Total principal payments 

  $
  $ 

2019

     2020
-    $
-    $ 

-    $ 
-    $ 

2021

2023

     2022
-    $ 302,530    $ 
-    $ 302,530    $ 

    Total
-    $ 302,530  
-    $ 302,530  

The overall effective interest rate for all debt, exclusive of deferred financing fees and deferred commitment fees, amounted 
to 3.7%, 3.0% and 2.4% in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Interest paid totaled $10.2 million, $6.4 million and $4.3 
million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Average total debt outstanding was $275.3
million, $200.6 million and $152.5 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

f

9.      Derivative Instruments:

Metals swaps

t

During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company entered into nickel swaps indexed to the London Metal Exchange (LME) price
es for accounting purposes and are included in 
of nickel with third-party brokers. The nickel swaps are treated as derivativ
“Other accrued liabilities” and “Prepaid expenses and other” on the Consolidated Balance Sh
eet at December 31, 2018 and 
2017. The Company entered into the swaps to mitigate its customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals. The outstanding
nickel  swaps  have  one  to  eleven  months  remaining  as  of  December  31,  2018.  The  swaps  are  settled  with  the  brokers  at 
maturity. The economic benefit or loss arising from the changes in fair value of the swaps is contractually passed through to 
the customer. The primary risk associated with the metals swaps is the ability of customers or third-party brokers to honor 
their agreements with the Company related to derivative instruments. If the customer or third-party brokers are unable to
honor their agreements, the Company’s risk of loss is the fair value of the metals swaps. 

n

f

 Page 60 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
While these derivatives are intended to help the Company manage risk, they have not been designated as hedging instruments.
The periodic changes in fair value of the metals and embedded customer derivative instruments are included in “Cost of 
materials  sold”  in  the  Consolidated Statements of  Comprehensive  Income.  The  Company  recognizes derivative positions
with both the customer and the third party for the derivatives and classifies cash settlement amounts associated with them as
part of “Cost of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The cumulative change in fair 
value of the metals swaps that have not yet settled as of December 31, 2018 are included in “Other accrued liabilities”, and 
the  embedded  customer  derivatives  are  included  in  “Accounts  Receivable,  net”  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  at
December 31, 2018. The cumulative change in fair value of the metals swaps that had not yet settled as of December 31,
2017 were included in “Accounts Receivable, net”, and the embedded customer derivatives were included in “Other accrued 
liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017. 

Interest rate swap

CTI  entered  into  an  interest  rate  swap to reduce  the  impact of  changes  in  interest  rates on  its  IRB.  The  swap  agreement 
matured in April 2018.

The periodic changes in fair value of the interest rate swap and cash settlement amounts associated with the interest rate swap
n
were included in “Interest and other expense on debt” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Fixed rate interest rate hedge

In June 2012, the Company entered into a forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge commencing June 2013 in order to
eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $53.2 million of the then outstanding LIBOR-based borrowings under 
the ABL Credit Facility.  The hedge, which matured on June 1, 2016, fixed the rate at 1.21% plus a premium ranging from 
1.25% to 1.75%.  The fixed rate interest rate hedge was accounted for as a cash flow hedging instrument for accounting
purposes.

There was no net impact from the nickel swaps or embedded customer derivative agreements to the Company’s Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The table below shows the
total  impact  to  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income  through  “Net  income  (loss)”  of  the
derivatives for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

(in thousands) 
Interest rate swap (CTI) 
Fixed interest rate swap (ABL) 
Metals swaps 
Embedded customer derivatives 
Total loss 

Net Gain (Loss) Recognized
2017

2018

2016

  $ 

  $ 

(5)   $ 
-      
(79)     
79      
(5)   $ 

(31)   $ 
-      
475      
(475)     
(31)   $ 

(66) 
(98)
68 
(68) 
(164)

10.     Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities:

f

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term trade receivables, derivative instruments, 
accounts payable and debt instruments. For short-term instruments, other than those required to be reported at fair value on a
recurring basis and for which additional disclosures are included below, management concluded the historical carrying value 
is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short period of time between th
e origination of such instruments and their 
aa
expected realization.

During 2018 and 2017, there were no transfers of financial assets between Levels 1, 2 or 3 fair value measurements. There 
have been no changes in the methodologies used at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Following is a description
of  the  valuation  methodologies  used  for  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  as  of  December  31,  2018  and 
December 31, 2017:

Metals swaps and embedded customer derivatives – Determined by using Level 2 inputs that include the price of 
nickel  indexed  to  the  LME  and  the  price  of  Hot  Rolled  Coil  Steel  indexed  to  the  NYMEX.  The  fair  value  is
determined based on quoted market prices and reflects the estimated amounts the Company would pay or receive to
terminate the nickel swaps.

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Interest rate swap – Based on the present value of the expected future cash flows, considering the risks involved,
and using discount rates appropriate for the maturity date. Market observable Level 2 inputs are used to determine
the present value of future cash flows. 

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a
recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company: 

(in thousands) 
Assets:
Embedded customer derivatives 
Total assets at fair value

Liabilities:
Metal swaps 
Total liabilities recorded at fair value 

(in thousands) 
Liabilities:
ABL Credit Facility 
Total liabilities not recorded at fair value

Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2018

   Level 1      Level 2      Level 3     

Total

  $ 
  $

  $ 
  $

-    $ 
-    $

-    $ 
-    $

21    $ 
21    $

21    $ 
21    $

-    $ 
-    $

-    $ 
-    $

21  
21  

21 
21  

Value of Items Not Recorded at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2018

   Level 1      Level 2 

     Level 3     

Total

  $

-      
-    $

302,530      
302,530    $

-      
-    $

302,530  
302,530 

The value of the items not recorded at fair value represent the carrying value of the liabilities.

(in thousands) 
Assets:
Metal Swaps 
Total assets at fair value

Liabilities:
Embedded customer derivatives 
Interest rate swap (CTI) 
Total liabilities recorded at fair value 

(in thousands) 
Liabilities:
IRB 
ABL Credit Facility 
Total liabilities not recorded at fair value

Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2017
     Level 3 

   Level 1      Level 2 

Total

  $ 
  $

  $ 

  $

-    $ 
-    $

-    $ 
-      
-    $

382    $ 
382    $

382    $ 
5      
387    $

-    $ 
-    $

-    $ 
-      
-    $

382 
382  

382 
5 
387 

Value of Items Not Recorded at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2017
    Level 2     Level 3     

Total

   Level 1 

  $ 

  $

930    $ 
-      
930    $

-    $ 
196,235      
196,235    $

-    $ 
-      
-    $

930 
196,235  
197,165 

The value of the items not recorded at fair value represent the carrying value of the liabilities.

The fair value of the IRB is determined using Level 1 inputs. The carrying value and the fair value of the IRB that qualify as
financial instruments were $0.9 million at December 31, 2017.

The fair value of the ABL Credit Facility is determined using Level 2 inputs. The carrying value of the ABL Credit Facility
was $302.5 million and $196.2 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Because the ABL Credit Facility was 
amended on November 30, 2018, management believes that it is carried at fair value.

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11.     Equity Plans:

q

y

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Units

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Olympic Steel 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the Incentive Plan), the Company may
grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, performance shares, and other stock-
and cash-based awards to employees and directors of, and consultants to, the Company and its affiliates. Since adoption of 
the Incentive Plan, 1,000,000 shares of common stock have been authorized for equity grants.

On an annual basis the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors awards restricted stock units (RSUs), 
to each non-employee director as part of their annual compensation. The annual awards for 2018 and 2017 were $80,000 and 
$70,000, respectively. Subject to the terms of the Plan and the RSU agreement, the RSUs vest after one year of service (from 
the date of grant). The RSUs are not converted into shares of common stock until the director either resigns or is terminated 
from the board of directors. 

On July 1, 2016, the Company created a new Senior Management Stock Incentive Program (the Plan) for certain participants. 
Under the Plan, each participant is awarded RSUs with a dollar value equal to 10% of the participant’s base salary, up to an 
annual maximum of $17,500. The RSUs have a five-year vesting period and the RSUs will convert into the right to receive 
shares of common stock upon a participant’s retirement, or earlier upon the participant’s death or disability or upon a change 
in control of the Company. The carbon and specialty metals flat products segments adopted the Plan on July 1, 2016 and the 
tubular and pipe products segment adopted the Plan on January 1, 2017.

Stock-based  compensation  expense  recognized  on  RSUs  for  the  three  years  ended  December  31,  2018,  2017  and  2016,
respectively, is summarized in the following table:

(in thousands)
RSU expense before taxes of New Plan 
RSU (income) expense before taxes of Old Plan 
RSU (income) expense after taxes 

For the years ended December 31,
2017

2016

2018

  $ 

643    $ 
-      
471      

560    $ 
-      
636      

42 
(73) 
81  

All  pre-tax  charges  related  to  RSUs  were  included  in  the  caption  “Administrative  and  general”  on  the  accompanying 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The following table summarizes the activity related to RSUs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018: 

Outstanding at December 31, 2017 
Granted 
Converted into shares 
Forfeited 
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 
Vested at December 31, 2018 

Number of
Shares

Weighted Average
Estimated Fair 
Value

469,069    $ 
84,283      
(19,097)     
(6,709)     
527,546    $ 
436,069    $ 

20.11  
22.33  
16.09  
16.98 
20.65  
20.42 

Of  the  RSUs granted  in 2018, 2017  and  2016,  38,052,  26,837  and  51,075,  respectively,  were used  to  fund supplemental
executive retirement plan (SERP) contributions. 

12.     Commitments and Contingencies:

g

Operating Leases

The Company leases certain warehouses, sales offices, machinery and equipment and vehicles under long-term operating 
lease agreements.  The leases expire at various dates through 2026.  In some cases, the leases include options to extend.  Rent
and lease expense was $11.9 million, $9.7 million and $9.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016,
respectively.

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The future annual minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2018 are as follows: 

(in thousands) 
Lease payments 

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

Total

  $ 

6,155    $ 

5,405    $ 

4,681    $ 

3,706    $ 

2,858    $ 

5,057    $  27,862  

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is party to various legal actions that it believes are ordinary in nature and incidental to the operation of its 
business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of the proceedings to which the Company is currently a party will not 
have a material adverse effect upon its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. During 2017, the Company
recorded  $1.0  million  related  to  a  settlement  of  a  commercial  dispute.  The  amount  was  included  in  “Administrative  and 
general” expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. During 2016, the Company paid $1.7 million 
related to an arbitration decision for a 2015 foreign steel purchase. The amount was included in “Cost of materials sold” in 
the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Company  periodically  enters  into  agreements  that  incorporate  indemnification
provisions. While the maximum amount to which the Company may be exposed under such agreements cannot be estimated,
it  is  the  opinion  of  management  that  these  indemnifications are  not  expected  to  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the 
Company’s results of operations or financial condition. 

At December 31, 2018, approximately 315 of the hourly plant personnel are represented by nine separate collective bargaining 
units. The table below shows the expiration dates of the collective bargaining agreements.

Facility
Hammond, Indiana 
Locust, North Carolina 
Romeoville, Illinois 
Minneapolis coil, Minnesota 
Indianapolis, Indiana 
St. Paul, Minnesota 
Milan, Illinois 
Minneapolis plate, Minnesota 
Detroit, Michigan 

Expiration date
November 30, 2019
March 4, 2020
May 31, 2020 
September 30, 2020 
January 29, 2021
May 25, 2021
August 12, 2021 
March 31, 2022
August 31, 2022 

13.     Income Taxes:

The components of the Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes from continuing operations were as follows:

(in thousands) 
Current: 

Federal 
State and local 

Deferred 
Income tax provision (benefit) 

As of December 31,

2018

2017

2016

  $ 

  $ 

9,188     $ 
1,797       
10,985       
1,320       
12,305     $ 

7,695     $ 
666       
8,361       
(10,974 )     
(2,613 )   $ 

2,563   
929  
3,492  
(1,994 )
1,498   

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The components of the Company’s deferred income taxes at December 31 are as follows: 

(in thousands) 
Deferred tax assets: 

Inventory (excluding LIFO reserve) 
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards 
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Accrued expenses 
Other 

Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 

Valuation allowance 
Total deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax liabilities: 

LIFO reserve 
Property and equipment 
Intangibles 

Total deferred tax liabilities 
Deferred tax liabilities, net 

2018

2017

  $

  $

1,622     $
2,498       
504       
6,087       
232       
10,943       
(2,055 )     
8,888       

(3,870 )     
(13,625 )     
(4,858 )     
(22,353 )     
(13,465 )   $

1,690  
3,520  
419 
5,684 
143  
11,456  
(2,379)
9,077  

(3,958) 
(11,363)
(5,901)
(21,222) 
(12,145) 

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits: 

(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1 
Change in tax due to tax law 
Increases related to current year tax positions 
Decreases related to lapsing of statute of limitations 
Balance as of December 31 

  $ 

  $ 

2018

2017

2016

40    $ 
(12)     
9      
(10)     
27    $ 

38    $ 
-      
15      
(13)     
40    $ 

38  
- 
13  
(13)
38 

It is expected that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will not materially change in the next twelve months. The tax 
years 2015 through 2017 remain open to examination by major taxing jurisdictions to wh

ich the Company is subject. 

y

The Company recognized interest related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. 

The following table reconciles the U.S. federal statutory rate to the Company’s effective tax rate:

ff

U.S. federal statutory rate in effect 
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit 
Sec. 199 manufacturing deduction 
Meals and entertainment 
Tax credits 
Change in valuation allowance 
Change in U.S. federal statutory rate 
Change in tax affect of SERP 
All other, net 
Effective income tax rate 

2018

2017

2016

21.0%   
4.6%   
-  
0.6%   
(0.6%)   
-  
-  
-  
1.1%   
26.7%   

35.0%    
3.6%    
(3.8%)    
1.8%    
(1.3%)    
0.6%    
(37.7%)    
(11.4%)    
(2.8%)    
(16.0%)    

35.0% 
11.8%
(33.6%) 
64.3% 
(48.7%) 
205.4% 

-  
-  
122.4%
356.6%

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The 
Tax  Act,  among  other  things,  lowered  the  U.S.  corporate  income  tax  rate  from  35%  to 21%  effective  January  1,  2018.
Consequently, the Company decreased its net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2017 by $6.2 million resulting in an
income  tax  benefit  to  reflect  the  estimated  impact  of  the  Tax  Act.   Based  on  the  Company’s  predominantly  U.S.  based 
operational  footprint,  additional  international  and  minimum  tax  provisions  under  the  Tax  Act,  including  the  one-time 
transition tax for the transition from the worldwide system to the territorial system, are not applicable, or would not be material 
to the Company. 

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In 2017, the Company made an out-of-period adjustment to correct and record previously unrecognized deferred tax assets,
and the associated tax benefit, related to a portion of the SERP that had previously been considered non-deductible under 
Section 162(m) limitations in prior years.  Due to the mandatory waiting period of six months prior to any SERP payment 
distribution,  in  2017  the  Company  determined  that  the  Section  162(m)  non-deductibility  limitations  did  not  apply.   The
adjustment, which had accumulated since the inception of the SERP in 2005, resulted in an increase to after-tax income of 
$1.9  million  in  2017.   The  Company  determined  that  this  adjustment  was  not  material  to  its  current  or  prior  period 
consolidated financial statements.  

The calculation of the impact as a result of the reduced U.S. corporate income tax rate is complete The effective tax rate in 
2018 of 26.7% is in line with management expectations based on interpretations of the Tax Act.

The Company's effective tax rate was disproportionately high in 2016 from comparative periods due to low income before 
taxes relative to items that impact the effective tax rate.  During 2016, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $0.9 
million to reduce certain state deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Income  taxes  paid  in  2018,  2017  and  2016  totaled  $11.3  million,  $9.4  million  and  $1.0  million,  respectively.  Some 
subsidiaries  of  the  Company’s  consolidated  group  file  state  tax  returns  on  a  separate  company  basis  and  have  state  net 
operating loss carryforwards expiring over the next two to 20 years. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce certain
deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. 

g
14.     Shares Outstanding and Earnings Per Share:

g

Earnings per share have been calculated based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding as set forth below: 

(in thousands, except per share data) 

  For the years ended December 31,
2017

2018

2016

Weighted average basic shares outstanding 
Assumed exercise of stock options and issuance of stock awards 
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding 

11,432      
8      
11,440      

11,381      
-      
11,381      

11,210  
-  
11,210  

Net income (loss) 

Basic earnings (loss) per share 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share 

Unvested RSUs 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

33,759    $ 

18,963    $ 

(1,078)

2.95    $ 
2.95    $ 

1.67    $ 
1.67    $ 

(0.10)
(0.10) 

91      

65      

167  

15.     Stock Repurchase Program:

p

g

On October 2, 2015, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to
550,000  shares  of  the  Company’s  issued  and  outstanding  common  stock,  which  could  include  open  market  repurchases, 
negotiated block transactions, accelerated stock repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, all or some of which may
be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans.  Any of the repurchased shares are held in the Company’s treasury, or canceled and 
retired  as  the  Board  may  determine  from  time  to  time.   Any  repurchases  of  common  stock  are  subject  to  the  covenants
contained in the ABL Credit Facility.  Under the ABL Credit Facility, the Company may repurchase common stock and pay
dividends up to $5.0 million in the aggregate during any trailing twelve months without restrictions.  Purchases of common
stock or dividend payments in excess of $5.0 million in the aggregate require the Company to (i) maintain availability in
excess of 20.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($95.0 million at December 31, 2018) or (ii) to maintain availability 
equal to or greater than 15.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($71.3 million at December 31, 2018) and the Company 
must maintain a pro-forma ratio of EBITDA minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at 
least 1.00 to 1.00.

There were no shares repurchased during 2018, 2017 or 2016.

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16.     Segment Information:

g

f

The Company follows the accounting guidance that requires the utilization of a “management approach” to define and report 
the financial results of operating segments. The management approach defines operating segments along the lines used by 
the Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) to assess performance and make operating and resource allocation 
decisions. Our CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based primarily on operating income. Our operating
segments are based primarily on internal management reporting. 

The Company operates in three reportable segments; carbon flat products, specialty metals flat products, and tubular and pipe 
products. The flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the carbon and specialty metals segments and both 
segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. As such, total
assets and capital expenditures are reported in the aggregate for the flat products segments. Due to the shared assets and 
resources,  certain  of  the  flat  products  segment  expenses  are  allocated  between  the  carbon  flat  products  segment  and  the 
specialty metals flat products segment based upon an established allocation methodology. Through its carbon flat products 
segment, the Company sells and distributes large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate 
products. Through its specialty metals flat products segment, the Company sells and distributes processed aluminum and 
stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and fabricated parts. Through its acquisition of Berlin Metals on 
April 2, 2018, the specialty metals flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include prime tin mill products. 
Through  its  tubular  and  pipe  products  segment,  the  Company  distributes  metal  tubing,  pipe,  bar,  valve  and  fittings  and 
fabricates pressure parts supplied to various industrial markets. 

Corporate  expenses  are  reported  as  a  separate  line  item  for  segment  reporting  purposes.  Corporate  expenses  include  the 
unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain 
personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various
other professional fees. 

The following table provides financial information by segment and reconciles the Company’s operating income by segment 
to the consolidated income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

(in thousands) 
Net sales 

Carbon flat products 
Specialty metals flat products 
Tubular and pipe products 

Total net sales 

Depreciation and amortization 

Carbon flat products 
Specialty metals flat products 
Tubular and pipe products 
Corporate 

Total depreciation and amortization 

Operating income 

Carbon flat products 
Specialty metals flat products 
Tubular and pipe products 
Corporate 
Total operating income 

Other loss, net 

Income before interest and income taxes 
Interest and other expense on debt 

Income before income taxes 

For the Year Ended December 31, 
2017

2016

2018

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

1,073,292    $ 
343,479      
298,310      
1,715,081    $ 

869,628    $ 
227,200      
233,868      
1,330,696    $ 

670,983  
189,930 
194,203  
1,055,116 

10,621    $ 
1,251      
5,601      
135      
17,608    $ 

44,354    $ 
15,248      
11,520      
(14,070)     
57,052    $ 
(307)     
56,745      
10,681      
46,064    $ 

10,906    $ 
811      
5,659      
102      
17,478    $ 

17,886    $ 
11,240      
4,568      
(9,708)     
23,986    $ 
(118)     
23,868      
7,518      
16,350    $ 

11,690  
797 
5,896  
102  
18,485  

(4,371)
9,841 
7,713  
(7,435) 
5,748  
(55) 
5,693  
5,273  
420  

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(in thousands) 
Capital expenditures 
Flat products 
Tubular and pipe products 
Corporate 
Total capital expenditures 

Assets 

Flat products 
Tubular and pipe products 
Corporate 

Total assets 

For the Year Ended December 31,
2017 

2018 

2016 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

19,985    $ 
5,242      
488      
25,715    $ 

7,325    $ 
2,833      
2      
10,160    $ 

5,105 
1,719 
- 
6,824  

560,116    $ 
200,016      
608      
760,740    $ 

409,116      
194,787      
255      
604,158      

There were no material revenue transactions between the carbon flat products, specialty metals flat products and tubular and 
pipe products segments for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

The Company sells certain products internationally, primarily in Canada and Mexico. International sales are immaterial to 
the consolidated financial results and to the individual segments’ results. 

17.     Retirement Plans:

The Company’s retirement plans consist of two 401(k) plans covering certain non-union employees, two separate 401(k) 
plans covering all union employees, a multi-employer pension plan covering certain CTI employees and a SERP covering
certain executive officers of the Company.

The 401(k) retirement plans allow eligible employees to contribute up to the statutory maximum. The Company’s non-union 
401(k)  matching  contribution  is  determined  annually  by  the  Board  of  Directors  and  is
based  on  a  percentage  of  eligible 
employees’  earnings  and  contributions.  For  the  401(k)  retirement  plans,  the  Company  matched  one-half  of  each  eligible 
employee’s contribution, limited to the first 6% of eligible compensation.

aa

In 2005, the Board of Directors adopted a SERP, which has been amended from time to time. Contributions to the SERP are 
based on: (i) a portion of the participants’ compensation multiplied by a factor of 6.5% or 13% depending on participant; and 
(ii) for certain participants a portion of the participants’ compensation multiplied by a factor which is contingent upon the 
Company’s return on invested capital. Benefits are subject to a vesting schedule of up to five years. 

n

The Company, through its CTI subsidiary, contributes to a multiemployer pension plan. CTI contributes to the Multiemployer 
Plan under the terms of a collective bargaining agreement that covers certain of its union employees, and which expires May 
31, 2020. CTI contributions to the Multiemployer Plan were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

Retirement  plan  expense,  which  includes  all  Company  401(k),  SERP  defined  contributions  and  the  Multiemployer  Plan, 
amounted to $3.2 million, $2.6 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

The fair values of the Company's SERP assets as of December 31, 2018 were $5.7 million and are measured at Net Asset 
Value (NAV) as a practical expedient to estimate fair value and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. Under
the practical expedient approach, the NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying investments held by each fund less its 
liabilities.  This  practical  expedient  would  not  be  used  when  it  is  determined  to  be  probable  that  the  fund  will  sell  the 
investment for an amount different than the reported NAV. The fair value of the SERP assets are included in Other Long 
Term Assets on the consolidated Balance Sheets. 

 Page 68 

  
 
  
    
    
  
      
        
        
 
    
    
      
        
        
 
  
 
    
  
 
    
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
18.     Related-Party Transactions:

y

The Company’s Executive Chairman of the Board owns 50% of an entity that owns one of the Cleveland warehouses and 
leases it to the Company at a fair market value annual rental of $0.2 million. The lease expire
s on December 31, 2023 with 
f
three five-year renewal options. 

q
19.     Subsequent Event:

On January 2, 2019, the Company acquired all of the net assets of McCullough, based in Kenton, Ohio. McCullough was
founded  in  1965  and  manufactures  and  sells  branded  self-dumping hoppers  used  in  a  variety  of industrial  applications. 
McCullough’s products are primarily sold through industrial distributors and catalogues. 

f

The acquisition will be accounted for as a business combination and the assets valued at fair market value. The acquisition is
not considered significant and McCullough results will be included in the Company’s carbon metals flat products segment in
the Company’s first quarter of 2019 financial results. In connection with the closing of the acquisition, the Company has 
included the eligible assets of McCullough in its credit facility. 

 Page 69 

 
 
 
 
 
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in thousands) 

Description
Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Tax valuation reserve 

Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Tax valuation reserve 

Year Ended December 31, 2018

Allowance for doubtful accounts
Tax valuation reserve

Additions

Balance at
Beginning
of Period    

Charged to
Costs and
Expenses     

Charged to
Other

Accounts     Deductions   

Balance at
End of
Period  

  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

  $
  $

1,299    $ 
1,030    $ 

369    $ 
987    $ 

1,385    $ 
2,017    $ 

641    $ 
362    $ 

1,610    $
2,379    $

575    $
-    $

-    $ 
-    $ 

-    $ 
-    $ 

-    $
-    $

(283)   $ 
-    $ 

1,385 
2,017  

(416)   $ 
-    $ 

1,610 
2,379  

(245)   $
(324)   $

1,940  
2,055 

 Page 70 

  
 
 
   
 
 
      
        
        
        
        
 
 
      
        
        
        
        
 
      
        
        
        
        
 
 
      
        
        
        
        
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited) 

2018
Net sales 
Operating income (a) 
Income (loss) before income taxes 
Net income (loss) 

Basic net income (loss) per share 
Weighted average shares outstanding -

basic 

Diluted net income (loss) per share 
Weighted average shares outstanding -

diluted 

Market price of common stock: (c) 

High 
Low 

2017
Net sales 
Operating income (loss) (d) 
Income (loss) before income taxes 
Net income (b) 

Basic net income per share 
Weighted average shares outstanding -

basic 

Diluted net income per share 
Weighted average shares outstanding -

diluted 

Market price of common stock: (c) 

High 
Low 

  $ 
  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  1st quarter
  $ 

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

Year

375,598     $ 
12,345       
10,313       
7,629     $ 
0.67     $ 

452,917    $ 
24,319      
21,556      
15,848    $ 
1.39    $ 

456,976    $ 
18,614      
15,708      
11,599    $ 
1.01    $ 

429,590    $  1,715,081  
57,052  
46,065  
33,759  
2.95  

1,774      
(1,512)     
(1,316)   $ 
(0.11)   $ 

11,418       
0.67     $ 

11,435      
1.39    $ 

11,444      
1.01    $ 

11,444      
(0.11)   $ 

11,432  
2.95  

11,418       

11,435      

11,446      

11,444      

11,440  

25.84     $ 
19.75       

24.27    $ 
19.75      

24.23    $ 
19.92      

21.41    $ 
13.72      

25.84  
13.72 

  1st quarter     2nd quarter    3rd quarter     4th quarter    
  $ 

Year

334,893     $ 
11,051      
9,399       
7,699     $ 
0.68     $ 

356,195    $ 
9,633      
7,817      
4,797    $ 
0.42    $ 

331,442    $ 
5,286      
3,298      
2,280    $ 
0.20    $ 

308,166    $  1,330,696  
23,986  
16,350  
18,963  
1.67  

(1,984)     
(4,164)     
4,187    $ 
0.37    $ 

11,369       
0.68     $ 

11,383      
0.42    $ 

11,386      
0.20    $ 

11,389      
0.37    $ 

11,381  
1.67  

11,369       

11,390      

11,386      

11,391      

11,381  

27.93     $ 
18.05       

24.00    $ 
15.83      

22.44    $ 
16.58      

22.86    $ 
18.10      

27.93  
15.83 

(a) Operating income (loss) in 2018 includes $8,408 of LIFO expense related to the Company's tubular and pipe products

segment. 

(b) Includes a $6.2 million tax benefit related to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. 
(c) Represents the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
(d) Operating income (loss) in 2017 includes $2,707 of LIFO expense related to the Company's tubular and pipe products

segment. 

 Page 71 

 
    
   
    
    
      
        
        
        
        
  
    
 
 
    
    
    
    
      
        
        
        
        
  
    
 
 
 
 
ITEM  9.  CHANGES  IN  AND  DISAGREEMENTS  WITH  ACCOUNTANTS  ON  ACCOUNTING  AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Evaluations required by Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls 
and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered 
by this Annual Report have been carried out under the supervision and with the pa
aa
rticipation of our management, including 
our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon such evaluations, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2018 in providing
reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is
recorded, processed, summarized and reported within time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such 
information is accumulated and communicated to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

uu

d

During 2018, we acquired Berlin Metals. The scope of our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting does not include the Berlin Metals acquisition. The total assets and net sales of Berlin Metals represented less than
1% and 2.5 % of our consolidated total assets and consolidated net sales, respectively, as of and for the year ended December 
d
31, 2018. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC's general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business
may be omitted from the scope in the year of acquisition. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is set forth in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K and is incorporated herein. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has
audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, as stated in their report 
which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that 
have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

 Page 72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information required by Item 10 as to the executive officers is provided in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is
incorporated by reference into this section. Other information required by Item 10 will be incorporated herein by reference 
to the information set forth in our definitive proxy statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information required by Item 11 will be incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in our definitive proxy 
statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

ITEM  12.  SECURITY  OWNERSHIP  OF  CERTAIN  BENEFICIAL  OWNERS  AND  MANAGEMENT  AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information required by Item 12 will be incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in our definitive proxy 
statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information required by Item 13 will be incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in our definitive proxy 
statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Information required by Item 14 will be incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in our definitive proxy 
statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

 Page 73 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

PART IV

(a)(1) The following financial statements are included in Part II, Item 8:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

(a)(3) Exhibits. The Exhibits filed herewith are set forth on the Index to Exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report 
and incorporated herein by reference. 

  Exhibit 
 3.1(i) 

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Description

p

Reference 

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation 

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1(i) to the
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration
No. 33-73992) filed with the Commission on
January 12, 1994.

 3.1(ii) 

Amended and Restated Code of Regulations

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

 4.25 

 4.26 

 4.27 

 10.8 * 

Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security 
Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2017, by and 
among the Registrant, the financial institutions from 
time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as 
administrative agent, and the other agents from time 
to time party thereto.
Joinder and First Amendment to Bank Agreement,
dated as of April 4, 2018, to Third Amended and 
Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of 
December 8, 2017, by and among the Registrant, the 
financial institutions from time to time party thereto,
Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and 
the other agents from time to time party thereto.’
Joinder and Second Amendment to Third Amended 
and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as 
of November 30, 2018, by and among the Registrant, 
the financial institutions from time to time party
thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative 
agent, and the other agents from time to time party 
thereto.
Form of Management Retention Agreement for 
Senior Executive Officers of the Company

Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the Commission
on August 6, 2015 (Commission File No. 0-23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.25 to

Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on December 14, 2017 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.25 to

Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the Commission
on May 3, 2018 (Commission File No. 0-23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.26 to

Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on December 4, 2018 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to

Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the Commission
on August 7, 2000 (Commission File No. 0-23320).

 Page 74 

 
  
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  Exhibit 
  10.9 * 

p
Description
Form of Management Retention Agreement for Other 
Officers of the Company

  10.14 * 

Olympic Steel, Inc. Executive Deferred 
Compensation Plan dated December 15, 2004

Reference 

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to

Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the Commission
on August 7, 2000 (Commission File No. 0-23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to

Registrant’s Form 10-K filed with the Commission
on March 14, 2005 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

  10.15 * 

Form of Non-Solicitation Agreements

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on March 4, 2005 (Commission File No. 0-23320).

  10.16 * 

Form of Management Retention Agreement

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to

Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed with the Commission
on August 8, 2005 (Commission File No. 0-23320).

  10.17 * 

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Term Sheet

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to

  10.20 * 

Olympic Steel, Inc. Supplemental Executive 
Retirement Plan

  10.21 * 

Amended and Restated Olympic Steel, Inc. 2007 
Omnibus Incentive Plan

  10.30 * 

Olympic Steel, Inc. Senior Manager Compensation
Plan

  10.31 * 

David A. Wolfort Employment Agreement effective 
mm
as of January 1, 2016

  10.32 * 

Donald McNeeley Employment Agreement effective 
as of March 31, 2016

  10.33 * 

Richard T. Marabito Employment Agreement 
a
effective as of December 21, 2018

  10.34 * 

Form of RSU Agreements for Messrs. Siegal, Wolfort 
and Marabito.

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on January 5, 2006 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on April 28, 2006 (Commission File No. 0-23320). 

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to

Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 
(Registration No. 333-211023) filed with the 
Commission on April 29, 2016. 

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to

Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed with the Commission
on May 6, 2011 (Commission File No. 0-23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on December 31, 2015 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on March 31, 2016 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on December 21, 2018 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to

Registrant’s Form 10-K filed with the Commission
on February 23, 2012 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

 Page 75 

    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Exhibit 
  10.35 *  Michael D. Siegal Employment Agreement effective 

Description

p

as of December 20, 2017

  10.37 * 

  10.38 * 

Amendment to Form of Management Retention 
Agreement for Senior Executive Officers of the 
Company 
Andrew S. Greiff Employment Agreement effective
as of August 19, 2016

Reference 

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on December 22, 2017 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed with the Commission
on May 1, 2015 (Commission File No. 0-23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on August 23, 2016 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

  10.39 * 

  10.40 * 

  21 
  23 

  24 
  31.1 

  31.2 

  32.1 

  32.2 

Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of 
February 9, 2018, between Olympic Steel, Inc. and 
Andrew S. Greiff
Richard A. Manson Employment Agreement effective 
as of December 21, 2018

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to

Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the Commission
on May 3, 2018(Commission File No. 0-23320).

    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to

Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission
on December 21, 2018 (Commission File No. 0-
23320).

List of Subsidiaries
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting 
Firm
Directors and Officers Powers of Attorney
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer of the
Company, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer of the
Company, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Written Statement of Richard T. Marabito, Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant 
to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to 
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Written Statement of Richard A. Manson, Chief 
Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

    Filed herewith 
    Filed herewith 

    Filed herewith 
    Filed herewith 

    Filed herewith 

    Furnished herewith 

    Furnished herewith 

  101.INS  XBRL Instance Document 
  101.SCH  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 
  101.CAL  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

Document 

  101.DEF  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition 
  101.LAB  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase 

Document 

  101.PRE  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase 

Document 

*      This exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

 Page 76 

    
 
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
      
 
      
 
      
  
      
 
      
  
      
  
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant

has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

February 15, 2019  

OLYMPIC STEEL, INC. 

By: /s/ Richard A. Manson 
   Richard A. Manson, 
   Chief Financial Officer 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by

the following persons in the capacities indicated and on the dates indicated.

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019 

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019  

February 15, 2019  

   /s/ Richard T. Marabito * 
r
        Richard T. Marabito, Chief Executive Officer 

a
     (Principal Executive Officer) 

   /s/ Richard A. Manson * 
        Richard A. Manson, Chief Financial Officer    
        (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)   

   /s/ Michael D. Siegal * 
        Michael D. Siegal, Executive Chairman of  

the Board 

   /s/ Arthur F. Anton * 
        Arthur F. Anton, Lead Director 

   /s/ Ralph M. Della Ratta, Jr. *   
        Ralph M. Della Ratta, Jr., Director  

   /s/ Howard L. Goldstein *   
        Howard L. Goldstein, Director 

   /s/ Dirk A. Kempthorne *  
        Dirk A. Kempthorne, Director 

   /s/ Idalene F. Kesner *  
        Idalene F. Kesner, Director 

   /s/ Donald R. McNeeley * 
        Donald R. McNeeley, President of Chicago

Tube and Iron and Director 

   /s/ Michael G. Rippey * 
        Michael G. Rippey, Director 

   /s/ David A. Wolfort * 
        David A. Wolfort, President and Director 

* The undersigned, by signing his name hereto, does sign and execute this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to the
e Company and filed with the Securities and 
y
Powers of Attorney executed by the above-named officers and directors of th
Exchange Commission on behalf of such officers and directors.

By:   /s/ Richard A. Manson                                                

February 15, 2019 

Richard A. Manson, Attorney-in-Fact 

 Page 77 

  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
     
  
  
 
 
 
     
  
 
 
 
     
  
  
 
  
 
     
  
  
 
 
 
     
  
  
 
  
 
     
  
 
 
  
 
     
  
  
 
  
 
     
  
  
 
 
     
  
 
 
  
 
     
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
                 
Comparison of 5 Year Cumulative Total Return

Comparison of 5 Year 

f

Cumulative Total Return

Assumes Initial Investment of $100 through December 2018

(cid:7)(cid:10)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:5)

(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:5)

(cid:6)(cid:10)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:5)

(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:5)

(cid:10)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:5)

(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:5)

(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:8)

(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:9)

(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:10)

(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:11)

(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:12)

(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:13)

(cid:20)(cid:35)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:39)(cid:34)(cid:29)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:42)(cid:30)(cid:30)(cid:35)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:37)(cid:29)(cid:4)

(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:24)(cid:16)(cid:14)(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:15)(cid:38)(cid:36)(cid:39)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:34)(cid:42)(cid:30)(cid:3)(cid:25)(cid:38)(cid:42)(cid:27)(cid:35)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:30)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:40)(cid:37)

(cid:21)(cid:30)(cid:30)(cid:40)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:40)(cid:38)(cid:43)(cid:39)

yy
The peer group consists of Worthington Industries, R
TT

yR erson Holding Corporation, Shiloh Industries, Inc., and Reliance Steel &

Aluminum Co.

(cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Michael D. Siegal, 66
Executive Chairman of the Board,  
f
Olympic Steel

Richard T. Marabito, 55
(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)
Olympic Steel

(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:15)

(cid:73)

David A. Wolfort, 66
President, 
Olympic Steel

CORPORATE OFFICERS

Michael D. Siegal
Executive Chairman of the Boar

f

d

Richard T. Marabito
(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)

(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)

(cid:73)

David A. Wolfort
President

Richard A. Manson
(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)

(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)

(cid:73)

Donald R. McNeeley, 6y 4
President, 
Chicago Tube & Iron, a subsidiary of Olympic Steel

Lisa K. Christen
Treasurer and Corporate Controller

Andrew Greiff
(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:57)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71) (cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73) (cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) (cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)

Donald R. McNeeley
President, 
Chicago Tube & Iron, a subsidiary of Olympic Steel

Christopher M. Kelly
Secretary, Olympic Steel
Partner, Jones Day

Arthur F. Anton, 61
Lead Independent Director 
(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71) (cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)
(cid:73)
Swagelok Company

(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:15)

Ralph M. Della Ratta, 65
President of the
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Citizens Bank

Ohio Region,  

Howard L. Goldstein, CPA, 66
Partner,
Appelrouth, Farah & Co. P.A.

The Honorable Dirk A. Kempthorne, 67
President, 
The Kempthorne Group

Idalene F. Kesner, Ph.D., 61
Dean,
Indiana University Kelley School of Business

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Michael G. Rippey, 6y 1
(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71) (cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)
SunCoke Energy, Inc.

(cid:73)

(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)

Shareholder Information

Corporate Headquarters
Olympic Steel, Inc.
22901 Millcreek Boulevard, Suite 650 
Highland Hills, OH 44122
Phone: (216) 292-3800
Fax: (216) 682-4065
www.olysteel.com

Stock Listing
The  Company’s  common  stock  trades  on  the  NASDAQ
Global Select Stock Market under the symbol “ZEUS.”

Transfer Agent and Registrar
Computershare
P.O. Box 30170
College Station, TX 77842-3170 
(800) 446-2617

2019 Annual Meeting
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The annual meeting of shareholders will be held: 

Thursday, May 2, 2019
9:00 a.m. Central Standard Time
Chicago Marriott Southwest at Burr Ridge 
1200 Burr Ridge Parkway
Burr Ridge, IL  60527

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For information and directions to the annual meetin
vote in person, contact ir@olysteel.com.

g and to 

Independent Auditors (2018)
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
BP Tower, 18th Floor 
200 Public Square
Cleveland, OH 44114

Legal Counsel
Jones Day
North Point
901 Lakeside Avenue
Cleveland, OH 44114

Investor Information
Shareholders  and  prospective  investors  are  welcome
to  call  or  write  with  questions  or  requests  for  additional
information. Inquiries should be directed to

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:

(cid:73)

Richard A. Manson
(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)
(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)
Phone: (216) 672-0522
Email: ir@olysteel.com
www.olysteel.com

Form 10-K
Shareholders  who  wish  to  obtain,  without  charge,  a
copy  of  Olympic  Steel’s  annual  report  on  Form  10-K,
(cid:191)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3) (cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:54)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)
(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3) (cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:191)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79) (cid:92)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:3) (cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3) (cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:15)(cid:3) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:27)(cid:15)(cid:3) (cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:3) (cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:3) (cid:86)(cid:82)
by  writing  to  Investor  Relations  at  the  Company’s
Corporate Headquarters (address indicated above).

This product
is made from
recycled paper