2018 Annual Report OUR COMMITMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (“Omega”) believes in working to keep our environment cleaner and healthier. Each and every day, we take steps to preserve the natural beauty of the surroundings that we are privileged to enjoy. In an effort to further reduce our carbon footprint, we are asking our investors to enroll in voluntary electronic delivery of our shareholder communications. In addition, we are also asking you to vote your shares on line. This not only reduces the costs associated with printing and mailing, it also supports our corporate sustainability initiatives. Please see the instructions below. VOTE BY INTERNET — WWW.PROXYVOTE.COM ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by our company in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy materials electronically in future years. Omega’s initiative in reducing its carbon footprint by promoting electronic delivery of shareholder materials has had a positive effect on the environment. Based upon 2018 statistics, voluntary receipt of e-delivery resulted in the following environmental savings: Using approximately 168 fewer tons of wood, or 1,010 fewer trees Using approximately 1,070 million fewer BTUs, or the equivalent amount of energy used to operate 1,280 residential refrigerators per year Using approximately 756,000 fewer pounds of CO2 gases, or the equivalent of 68 automobiles per year Saving approximately 900,000 gallons of water Saving approximately 49,500 pounds of solid waste Reducing hazardous air pollutants by approximately 67 pounds Environmental impact estimates calculated using the Environmental Paper Network Paper Calculator. For more information visit www.papercalculator.org. 2019 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS Friday, June 7, 2019 10:00 AM EDT Omega Healthcare Investors 303 International Circle, Suite 200 Hunt Valley, MD 21030 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. We are a self-administered real estate investment trust (“REIT”), providing financing and capital to the long-term healthcare industry with a particular focus on skilled nursing facilities located in the United States and the United Kingdom. Operating in accordance with federal tax laws and regulations governing REITs, to income stockholders without federal tax liability to our company. distributed is 31, investments 2018, our domestic of consisted and At December international 924 healthcare facilities containing approximately 91,336 in 41 states and the United operating beds Kingdom, operated by 68 third-party healthcare operating companies. The table below sets forth the portion of our total investments represented by facilities operated by each operator. INVESTMENT BY OPERATOR (in thousands) Public Companies Private Companies – continued Genesis HealthCare 4.85% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia Diversicare Healthcare Services 3.21% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas Other Investments 0.23% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two operators with operations in two states. $416,767 275,758 19,657 Public Companies Total 8.29% . . . . . . . . $712,182 CommuniCare Health Services, Inc. 5.80% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia Daybreak Venture, LLC 4.20% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas Health and Hospital Corporation 3.55% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana Guardian LTC Management Inc. 3.27% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania, Ohio Healthcare Homes 3.17% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United Kingdom Private Companies Ciena Healthcare 11.58% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia Maplewood Real Estate Holdings, LLC 7.86% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio Agemo Holdings LLC 6.21% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee Saber Health Group 5.94% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia $994,932 Gulf Coast Master Tenant I, LLC 2.99% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida, Mississippi Other Investments 37.14% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 operators with operations in 34 states and the United Kingdom. 3,189,633 Grand Total 100.00% . . . . . . . . . . . . . $8,590,519 675,269 533,849 510,463 498,306 361,210 304,698 280,978 271,890 257,109 Dear Stockholders, TO OUR STOCKHOLDERS 2018 was a positive year for Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. We completed our strategic asset repositioning program, continued to invest in accretive acquisitions and capital investments, and resolved the majority of our operator financial issues. Our efforts were rewarded with a total shareholder return in 2018 of 40.1%, the highest return of any U.S. listed REIT. After increasing our dividend for the 16th consecutive year in January 2018, we announced that we would not be increasing our dividend further until we resolved our operator issues and redeployed the capital from our strategic asset repositioning program. While we continue to work through this redeployment, we would reiterate that we remain committed to returning capital to shareholders and we believe we will be in a position to return to growing our dividend in the foreseeable future. As we look forward to 2019 and beyond, we believe the company is set up to return to our historical net acquisition profile, which should drive FFO growth going forward. While operators continue to battle historically low margins and high labor cost growth, we believe we are approaching an inflection point in operator performance. We are excited for the new Medicare reimbursement model starting on October 1st, which should improve both patient outcomes and operator profitability. Furthermore, we believe we are at the advent of a multi-decade demographic tailwind that will improve facility occupancy and operator profitability. Important highlights included, but were not limited to: • We closed over $290 million in new investments. • We exited 86 facilities, receiving consideration of approximately $410 million, as part of our strategic asset repositioning program. • Throughout 2018, we continued to renovate our real estate portfolio by investing approximately $181 million in over 80 facilities. We ended 2018 with over $213 million committed to our operators for capital improvement projects, including new builds, which will be completed over the next 24 months. We believe by continuing to actively manage our tenant relationships, maintaining our strong balance sheet, and seeking attractive investment opportunities we will continue to deliver strong stockholder returns. Very truly, C. Taylor Pickett Chief Executive Officer April 24, 2019 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 For the transition period from to OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) Maryland (Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.) Delaware (OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership) (State of incorporation or organization) 1-11316 (Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.) 333-203447-11 (OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership) (Commission file number) 38-3041398 (Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.) 36-4796206 (OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership) (IRS Employer Identification No.) 303 International Circle, Suite 200, Hunt Valley, MD 21030 (Address of principal executive offices) (410) 427-1700 (Telephone number, including area code) Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Registrant Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Title of Each Class Common Stock, $.10 Par Value Name of Exchange on Which Registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Yes ☐ No ☒ OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. ☐ OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one:) Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Large accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Large accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. ☐ OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Yes ☐ No ☒ OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the common stock Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. held by non-affiliates was $6,210,297,921 as of June 30, 2018, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The aggregate market value was computed using the $31.00 closing price per share for such stock on the New York Stock Exchange on such date. As of February 19, 2019, there were 204,229,335 shares of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. common stock outstanding. As of February 19, 2019, OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership had no publicly traded voting equity and no common stock outstanding. Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2018, is incorporated by reference in Part III herein. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE EXPLANATORY NOTES This report combines the annual reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (“Omega OP”). Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, (i) references to “Omega” or the “Company” means Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, (ii) references to “Parent” refer to Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. without regard to its consolidated subsidiaries, and (iii) references to “Omega OP” means OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. Omega is a self-administered real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Omega is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”) under which, all of Omega’s assets are owned directly or indirectly, and all of Omega’s operations are conducted directly or indirectly, by its subsidiary, Omega OP. Parent directly owned approximately 96% of the issued and outstanding partnership units in Omega OP (the “Omega OP Units”) at December 31, 2018. Each Omega OP Unit (other than those owned by Parent) is redeemable at the election of the holder for cash equal to the then-fair market value of one share of common stock of Parent, subject to Parent’s election to exchange the Omega OP Units tendered for redemption for common stock of the Parent on a one-for-one basis in an unregistered transaction, subject to adjustment as set forth in the partnership agreement. The management of Parent consists of the same members as the management of Omega OP. The financial results of Omega OP are consolidated into the financial statements of Omega. Omega has no significant assets other than its investments in Omega OP. Omega and Omega OP are managed and operated as one entity. Omega OP has no significant assets other than its interests in non-guarantor subsidiaries. We believe it is important for investors to understand the few differences between Omega and Omega OP in the context of how we operate as a consolidated company. Omega acts as the general partner of Omega OP. Net proceeds from equity issuances by Parent are contributed to Omega OP in exchange for additional partnership units. Parent and Omega OP incur indebtedness. The net proceeds of the Parent’s borrowings are loaned to Omega OP. The outstanding senior notes and certain other debt of Parent is guaranteed by Omega OP. The presentation of debt and related interest, including amounts accrued, stockholders’ equity, owners’ equity and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of Omega and Omega OP. The differences between debt, stockholders’ equity and owners’ equity result from differences in the debt or equity issued at the Omega and Omega OP levels. With respect to owners’ equity, the units held by the partners in Omega OP other than the Parent are accounted for as owners’ equity in Omega OP’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in Omega’s financial statements. Although classified differently, total debt and equity of Omega and Omega OP are the same. We believe combining the annual reports on Form 10-K of Omega and Omega OP into this single report results in the following benefits: • • • • combined reports better reflect how management and the analyst community view the business as a single operating unit; combined reports enhance investors’ understanding of Omega and Omega OP by enabling them to view the business as a whole and in the same manner as management; combined reports are more efficient for Omega and Omega OP and result in savings in time, effort and expense; and combined reports are more efficient for investors by reducing duplicative disclosure and providing a single document for their review. In order to highlight the differences between Omega and Omega OP, the separate sections in this report for Omega and Omega OP specifically refer to Omega and Omega OP. In the sections that combine disclosure of Omega and Omega OP, this report refers to “we” and “us” actions or holdings as being “our” actions or holdings. Although Omega OP and its subsidiaries hold all of our assets, we believe that reference to “we,” “us” or “our” in this context is appropriate because the business is one enterprise and we operate substantially all of our business through Omega OP. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Item 1. Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview; Recent Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Financial Information by Asset Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Description of the Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taxation of Omega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government Regulation and Reimbursement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Executive Officers of Our Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 1A. Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 2. Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mine Safety Disclosures Item 4. Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. PART II Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forward-Looking Statements, Reimbursement Issues and Other Factors Affecting Future Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018 and Recent Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Portfolio and Other Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asset Sales, Impairments, Accounts Receivable and Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquidity and Capital Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 8. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Item 9. Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 9A. Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 9B. Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 11. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 12. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . Item 13. Principal Accountant Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 14. Item 15. Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART IV Page 1 1 2 3 5 15 20 22 43 44 47 48 49 51 53 53 53 55 56 58 63 67 70 73 74 74 74 75 76 76 76 76 76 77 78 Item 1 — Business Overview; Recent Events Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (“Omega”) was formed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and incorporated in the State of Maryland on March 31, 1992. All of Omega’s assets are owned directly or indirectly, and all of Omega’s operations are conducted directly or indirectly, through its subsidiary, OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (“Omega OP”). Omega OP was formed as a limited partnership and organized in the State of Delaware on October 24, 2014. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” means Omega and Omega OP, collectively. The Company has one reportable segment consisting of investments in healthcare-related real estate properties located in the United States (“U.S.”) and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). Our core business is to provide financing and capital to the long-term healthcare industry with a particular focus on skilled nursing facilities (“SNFs”), and, to a lesser extent, assisted living facilities (“ALFs”), independent living facilities (“ILFs”) and rehabilitation and acute care facilities. Our core portfolio consists of long-term leases and mortgage agreements. All of our leases are “triple-net” leases, which require the operators (we use the term “operator” to refer to our tenants and mortgagors and their affiliates who manage and/or operate our properties) to pay all property-related expenses. Our mortgage revenue derives from fixed rate mortgage loans, which are secured by first mortgage liens on the underlying real estate and personal property of the mortgagor. Omega OP is governed by the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of April 1, 2015 (the “Partnership Agreement”). Omega has exclusive control over Omega OP’s day-to-day management pursuant to the Partnership Agreement. As of December 31, 2018, Omega owned approximately 96% of the issued and outstanding units of partnership interest in Omega OP (“Omega OP Units”), and investors owned approximately 4% of the outstanding Omega OP Units. In 2018, we completed the following transactions totaling approximately $471 million in new investments: • • • • $131.3 million secured term loan with an unrelated third party. The loan is secured by a collateral assignment of mortgages covering seven SNFs, three ILFs, and one ALF located in Pennsylvania and Virginia. The loan bears an interest rate of 9.35%. On or before its maturity in 2019, we expect to obtain fee simple title to the facilities and add the facilities to an existing operator’s master lease. $44.2 million first mortgage loan with an existing operator of ours. The loan is secured by five SNFs with 522 beds located in Michigan. The loan is cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with our existing loans and master lease with the operator. The loan bears an initial annual interest rate of 9.5%, which rate increases each year by 0.225%. $35.1 million of new investments with an existing operator. The investment included the acquisition of three SNFs and one ILF from an unrelated third party. The four Pennsylvania facilities with 420 beds were added to an existing operator’s master lease with an initial cash yield of 9.5% with 2.5% annual rent escalators. $9.1 million of new investments with an existing operator in the U.K. The investments included two care homes (similar to ALFs in the U.S.) acquired from an unrelated third party and leased to an existing operator. The two care homes were added to the existing operator’s master lease with an initial annual cash yield of 8.5% with 2.5% annual escalators. • We also acquired nine SNFs and one ALF for approximately $60.7 million throughout the U.S. and invested an additional $10.0 million in an existing $50.0 million mezzanine loan. The annual interest rate was fixed at 12.0% per annum and the maturity date of the mezzanine loan was extended to May 2023. • $180.9 million of investments in our capital expenditure programs. 1 As of December 31, 2018, our portfolio of investments included 924 healthcare facilities located in 41 states and the U.K. and operated by 68 third-party operators and was made up of the following: • • • 735 SNFs, 116 ALFs, 14 specialty facilities and one medical office building; fixed rate mortgages on 51 SNFs and three ALFs; and four facilities closed or held for sale. As of December 31, 2018, our investments in these facilities, net of impairments and reserves for totaled approximately $8.6 billion. In addition, we held other investments of uncollectible loans, approximately $504.6 million, consisting primarily of secured loans to third-party operators of our facilities and a $31.0 million investment in an unconsolidated joint venture. On January 2, 2019, Omega and Omega OP entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with MedEquities Realty Trust, Inc. (“MedEquities”) and its subsidiary operating partnership and the general partner of its subsidiary operating partnership. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Omega will acquire MedEquities and MedEquities will be merged with and into Omega (the “Merger”) at the effective time of the Merger with Omega continuing as the surviving company. At the effective time, each outstanding share of MedEquities common stock will be converted into the right to receive (i) 0.235 of a share of Omega common stock, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares, and (ii) $2.00 in cash, without interest, subject to adjustments as set forth in the Merger Agreement under certain limited circumstances. As of December 31, 2018, the total consideration expected to be exchanged in the merger, including the assumption of debt is approximately $600 million. The Merger Agreement also provides that MedEquities will declare a special dividend of $0.21 per share of MedEquities common stock (the “Pre-Closing Dividend”) payable to the holders of record of MedEquities common stock as of the trading day immediately prior to the closing date of the Merger, which dividend will be payable following the effective time of the Merger together with the cash consideration under the Merger Agreement. Summary of Financial Information by Asset Category The following table summarizes our revenues by asset category for 2018, 2017 and 2016. (See Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Note 3 — Properties, Note 4 — Direct Financing Leases, Note 5 — Mortgage Notes Receivable and Note 6 — Other Investments). Revenues by Asset Category (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Core assets: Rental income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $767,340 1,636 70,312 $775,176 32,336 66,202 $743,885 62,298 69,811 Total core assets revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839,288 873,714 875,994 Other investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,228 2,166 29,225 5,446 21,852 2,981 Total operating revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $881,682 $908,385 $900,827 2 The following table summarizes our real estate assets by asset category as of December 31, 2018 and 2017: Core assets: Assets by Category (in thousands) As of December 31, 2018 2017 Total real estate investments Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture, fixtures and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Site improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in direct financing leases – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage notes receivable – net Total core assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment in unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total real estate assets before held for sale assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets held for sale – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,056,820 786,174 447,610 250,917 204,889 7,746,410 132,262 710,858 8,589,530 504,626 31,045 9,125,201 989 $9,126,190 $6,098,119 795,874 440,737 227,150 94,080 7,655,960 364,965 671,232 8,692,157 276,342 36,516 9,005,015 86,699 $9,091,714 Description of the Business Investment Strategy. We maintain a portfolio of long-term healthcare facilities and mortgages on healthcare facilities located in the U.S. and the U.K. Our investments are generally geographically diverse and operated by a diverse group of established, middle-market healthcare operators that meet our standards for quality and experience of management and creditworthiness. Our criteria for evaluating potential investments includes but is not limited to: • • • • • • • the quality and experience of management and the creditworthiness of the operator of the facility; the facility’s historical and forecasted cash flow and its ability to meet operational needs, capital expenditure requirements and lease or debt service obligations; the construction quality, condition and design of the facility; the location of the facility; the tax, growth, regulatory and reimbursement environment of the applicable jurisdiction; the occupancy rate for the facility and demand for similar healthcare facilities in the same or nearby communities; and the payor mix of private, Medicare and Medicaid patients at the facility. We seek to obtain (i) contractual rent escalations under long-term, non-cancelable, “triple-net” leases and (ii) fixed-rate mortgage loans. We typically obtain substantial liquidity deposits, covenants regarding minimum working capital and net worth, liens on accounts receivable and other operating assets, and various provisions for cross-default, cross-collateralization and corporate and or personal guarantees, when appropriate. We prefer to invest in equity ownership of properties. Due to regulatory, tax or other considerations, we may pursue alternative investment structures. The following summarizes our primary investment structures. The average annualized yields described below reflect existing contractual arrangements. 3 However, due to the nature of the long-term care industry, we cannot assure that the operators of our facilities will meet their payment obligations in full or when due. Therefore, the annualized yields as of December 31, 2018, set forth below, are not necessarily indicative of future yields, which may be lower. Triple-Net Operating Leases. Triple-net operating leases typically range from 5 to 15 years, plus renewal options. Our leases generally provide for minimum annual rentals that are subject to annual formula increases based on factors such as increases in the Consumer Price Index. At December 31, 2018, our average annualized yield from operating leases was approximately 9.2%. Direct Financing Leases. In addition to our typical lease agreements, three of our leases are being accounted for as direct financing leases with annual escalators. At December 31, 2018, our average annualized yield from the direct financing leases was approximately 9.0% (excluding our investments with Orianna Health Systems). Fixed-Rate Mortgages. Our mortgages typically have a fixed interest rate for the mortgage term and are secured by first mortgage liens on the underlying real estate and personal property of the mortgagor. At December 31, 2018, our average annualized yield on these investments was approximately 10.1%. The table set forth in Item 2 — Properties contains information regarding our properties and investments as of December 31, 2018. Borrowing Policies. We generally attempt to match the maturity of our indebtedness with the maturity of our investment assets and employ long-term, fixed-rate debt to the extent practicable in view of market conditions in existence from time to time. We may use the proceeds of new indebtedness to finance our investments in additional healthcare facilities. In addition, we may invest in properties subject to existing loans, secured by mortgages, deeds of trust or similar liens on properties. Policies With Respect To Certain Activities. With respect to our capital requirements, we typically rely on equity offerings, debt financing and retention of cash flow (subject to provisions in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) concerning taxability of undistributed REIT taxable income), or a combination of these methods. Our financing alternatives include bank borrowings, publicly or privately placed debt instruments, purchase money obligations to the sellers of assets or securitizations, any of which may be issued as secured or unsecured indebtedness. We have the authority to issue our common stock or other equity or debt securities in exchange for property and to repurchase or otherwise reacquire our securities. Subject to the percentage of ownership limitations and gross income and asset tests necessary for REIT qualification, we may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities. We may engage in the purchase and sale of investments. We do not underwrite the securities of other issuers. Our officers and directors may change any of these policies without a vote of our stockholders. In the opinion of our management, our properties are adequately covered by insurance. Competition. The healthcare industry is highly competitive and will likely become more competitive in the future. We face competition from other REITs, investment companies, private equity and hedge fund investors, healthcare operators, lenders, developers and other institutional investors, some of whom have greater resources and lower costs of capital than us. We believe our use of data analytics to assist our operators in enhancing their operations provides us a competitive advantage. Our operators compete on a local and regional basis with operators of facilities that provide comparable services. The basis of competition for our operators includes the quality of care provided, reputation, the physical appearance of a facility, price, the range of services offered, family preference, alternatives for healthcare delivery, the supply of competing properties, physicians, staff, referral sources, location and the size and demographics of the population and surrounding areas. 4 Increased competition makes it more challenging for us to identify and successfully capitalize on opportunities that meet our objectives. Our ability to compete is also impacted by national and local economic trends, availability of investment alternatives, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, existing laws and regulations, new legislation and population trends. Taxation of Omega The following is a general summary of the material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to (i) us, (ii) the holders of our securities and (iii) our election to be taxed as a REIT. It is not tax advice. This summary is not intended to represent a detailed description of the United States federal income tax consequences applicable to a particular holder of our securities in view of any person’s particular circumstances, nor is it intended to represent a detailed description of the United States federal income tax consequences applicable to holders of our securities subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws such as insurance companies, institutions, securities broker-dealers, non-U.S. persons, persons holding our securities as part of a hedge, straddle, or other risk reduction, constructive sales or conversion transaction, investors in pass-through entities, expatriates and taxpayers subject to alternative minimum taxation. tax-exempt organizations, financial The following discussion, to the extent it constitutes matters of law or legal conclusions (assuming the facts, representations and assumptions upon which the discussion is based are accurate), represents some of the material United States federal income tax considerations relevant to ownership of our securities. The sections of the Code relating to the qualification and operation as a REIT are highly technical and complex. The following discussion sets forth certain material aspects of those sections. The information in this section is based on, and is qualified in its entirety by the Code; the Tax Act (as defined in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” below); current, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations (“Treasury Regulations”) promulgated under the Code; the legislative history of the Code; current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”); and court decisions, in each case, as of the date of this report. In addition, the administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS include its practices and policies as expressed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS, except with respect to the particular taxpayers who requested and received those rulings. For purposes of the discussion below, the “Highest Regular Corporate Tax Rate” means 21% for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, and 35% for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018. General. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT, under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 1992. We believe that we were organized and have operated in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT. We intend to continue to operate in a manner that will allow us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that we have operated or will be able to continue to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. Omega OP is a pass through entity for United States federal income tax purposes. If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income taxes on our net income that is currently distributed to stockholders. However, we will be subject to certain federal income taxes as follows. First, we will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains; provided, however, that if we have a net capital gain, we will be taxed at regular corporate rates on our undistributed REIT taxable income, computed without regard to net capital gain and the deduction for capital gains dividends, plus a 21% (35% for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018) tax on undistributed net capital gain, if our tax as thus computed is less than the tax computed in the regular manner. Second, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, under certain circumstances, we may have been subject to the “alternative minimum tax” on our items of tax preference that we do not distribute or allocate to our stockholders. Third, if we have (i) net income from the sale or other disposition of “foreclosure property,” which is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, or (ii) other nonqualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at the Highest Regular Corporate Tax Rate on such income. Fourth, if we have net income from prohibited transactions (which are, in general, certain sales or other dispositions of property (other than foreclosure property) held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business by us, (i.e., when we are acting as a dealer), such income will be subject to a 100% tax. Fifth, if we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test (as discussed below), but nonetheless have 5 maintained our qualification as a REIT because certain other remedial requirements have been met, we will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount equal to (a) the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% or 95% test, multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. Sixth, if we should fail to distribute by the end of each year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts actually distributed. Seventh, we will be subject to a 100% excise tax on transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. Eighth, if we acquire any asset that is defined as a “built-in gain asset” from a C corporation that is not a REIT (i.e., generally a corporation subject to full corporate-level tax) in a transaction in which the basis of the built-in gain asset in our hands is determined by reference to the basis of the asset (or any other property) in the hands of the C corporation, and we recognize gain on the disposition of such asset (for dispositions made in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016) during the 5-year period beginning on the date on which such asset was acquired by us (such period, the “recognition period”), then, to the extent of the built-in gain (i.e., the excess of (a) the fair market value of such asset on the date such asset was acquired by us over (b) our adjusted basis in such asset on such date), our recognized gain will be subject to tax at the Highest Regular Corporate Tax Rate. The results described above with respect to the recognition of built-in gain assume that we will not make an election pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.337(d)-7(c)(5). Requirements for Qualification. The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association: (1) which is managed by one or more trustees or directors; (2) the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; (3) which would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 859 of the Code; (4) which is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company as defined in provisions of the Code; (5) the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; (6) during the last half year of each taxable year not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities); and (7) which meets certain other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its annual distributions to stockholders. The Code provides that conditions (1) to (4) inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of twelve months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than twelve months. For purposes of conditions (5) and (6), pension funds and certain other tax-exempt entities are treated as individuals, subject to a “look-through” exception in the case of condition (6). We may avoid disqualification as a REIT for a failure to satisfy any of these tests if such failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. Income Tests. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income requirements on an annual basis. First, at least 75% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year must be derived directly or indirectly from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property (including generally “rents from real property,” interest on mortgages on real property, and gains on sale of real property and real property mortgages, other than property described in Section 1221(a)(1) of the Code) and income derived from certain types of temporary investments. Second, at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year must be derived from such real property investments, dividends, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities other than property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Rents received by us will qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if several conditions are met. First, the amount of the rent must not be based in whole or in part on the net income or profits of any person. However, any amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term “rents from real property” solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales. Second, the Code provides that rents received from a tenant (other than rent from a tenant that is a TRS that meets the requirements described below) will not qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income tests if we, or an owner (actually or constructively) of 10% or more of the value of our stock, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of such tenant, which is defined as a related party tenant taking into account certain 6 complex attribution rules. Third, if rent attributable to personal property, leased in connection with a lease of real property, is greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to such personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property.” Finally, for rents received to qualify as “rents from real property,” we generally must not operate or manage the property, or furnish or render services to the tenants of such property, other than through an independent contractor from which we derive no revenue. We may, however, directly perform certain services that are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant” of the property. In addition, we may directly provide a minimal amount of “non-customary” services to the tenants of a property as long as our income from the services does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property. Furthermore, we may own up to 100% of the stock of a TRS, which may provide customary and non-customary services to our tenants without tainting our rental income from the related properties. The term “interest” generally does not include any amount received or accrued (directly or indirectly) if the determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the net income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term “interest” solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales. In addition, an amount that is based on the net income or profits of a debtor will be qualifying interest income as long as the debtor derives substantially all of its income from the real property securing the debt from leasing substantially all of its interest in the property, but only to the extent that the amounts received by the debtor would be qualifying “rents from real property” if received directly by a REIT. If a loan contains a provision that entitles us to a percentage of the borrower’s gain upon the sale of the real property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation in the property’s value as of a specific date, income attributable to that loan provision will be treated as gain from the sale of the property securing the loan, which generally is qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests. Interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property generally is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. However, if the highest principal amount of a loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan as of the date we agreed to originate or acquire the loan, a portion of the interest income from such loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. The portion of the interest income that will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test will be equal to the portion of the principal amount of the loan that is not secured by real property. Prior to January 1, 2016, in the case of a mortgage loan that is secured by both real and personal property, an allocation of the interest received between qualified mortgage interest and interest that was not qualified mortgage interest on the loan was required to be made if the fair market value of the real property at the time the loan was made was less than the principal amount of the loan. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, in the case of a mortgage loan that is secured by both real and personal property, such allocation is required only if the fair market value of the personal property exceeds 15% of the value of the property. We do not expect the change in the rules for allocation of mortgage interest to have an impact on our ability to satisfy either of the gross income tests going forward. A modification of a mortgage loan, if it is deemed significant for income tax purposes, could be considered to be the deemed issuance of a new mortgage loan that is subject to re-testing under these rules, with the possible re-characterization of the mortgage interest on such loan as non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test (but not the 95% gross income test, which is discussed below), as well as non-qualifying assets under the asset test (discussed below) and the deemed exchange of the modified loan for the new loan could result in imposition of the 100% prohibited transaction tax (also discussed below). IRS guidance provides relief in the case of certain existing mortgage loans held by a REIT that are modified in response to these market conditions such that (i) the modified mortgage loan need not be re-tested for purposes of determining whether the income from the mortgage loan continues to be qualified income for purposes of the 75% gross income test or whether the mortgage loan retains its character as a qualified REIT asset for purposes of the asset test (discussed below), and (ii) the modification of the loan will not be treated as a prohibited transaction. At present, we do not hold any mortgage loans that have been modified, which would require us to take advantage of these rules for special relief. We monitor our mortgage loans and direct financing leases for compliance with the above rules. 7 Prohibited Transactions. We will incur a 100% tax on the net income derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We believe that none of our assets is primarily held for sale to customers and that a sale of any of our assets would not be in the ordinary course of our business. Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends, however, on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including those related to a particular asset. The Code provides a set of “safe-harbor provisions,” which, if met, generally will exempt a sale or disposition of property by us from being subject to the 100% tax on sales to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. In connection with the sale of any of our assets, we generally attempt to comply with the terms of safe-harbor provisions in the Code so as to minimize the risk that a sale of property by us would be characterized as a prohibited transaction and subject to the 100% tax on any gain from such sale. The Code also provides a number of alternative exceptions from the 100% tax on “prohibited transactions” if certain requirements have been satisfied with respect to property disposed of by a REIT. These requirements relate primarily to the number and/or amount of properties disposed of by a REIT, the period of time the property has been held by the REIT, and/or aggregate expenditures made by the REIT with respect to the property being disposed of. The conditions needed to meet these requirements have been lowered several times through amendments to the Code. However, we cannot assure that we will be able to comply with the safe-harbor provisions or that we would be able to avoid the 100% tax on prohibited transactions if we were to dispose of an owned property that otherwise may be characterized as property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to tax at the Highest Regular Corporate Tax Rate on any income from foreclosure property, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of that income. However, gross income from foreclosure property is treated as qualifying for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incident to such real property: • • • that is acquired by a REIT as the result of (i) the REIT having bid on such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default, or (ii) default was imminent on a lease of such property or on indebtedness that such property secured; for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at a time when the default was not imminent or anticipated; and for which the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. Such property generally ceases to be foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the property, or longer (for a total of up to six years) if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the Treasury. In the case of a “qualified health care property” acquired solely as a result of termination of a lease, but not in connection with default or an imminent default on the lease, the initial grace period terminates on the second (rather than the third) taxable year following the year in which the REIT acquired the property (unless the REIT establishes the need for and the Secretary of the Treasury grants one or more extensions, not exceeding six years in total, including the original two-year period, to provide for the orderly leasing or liquidation of the REIT’s interest in the qualified health care property). This grace period terminates and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day: • • on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test; on which any construction takes place on the property, other than completion of a building or any other improvement, where more than 10% of the construction was completed before default became imminent; or 8 • which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or business that is conducted by the REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive or receive any income or, with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, through a TRS. The definition of foreclosure property includes any “qualified health care property,” as defined in Code Section 856(e)(6) acquired by us as the result of the termination or expiration of a lease of such property. We have from time to time operated qualified healthcare facilities acquired in this manner for up to two years (or longer if an extension was granted). However, we do not currently own any property with respect to which we have made foreclosure property elections. Properties that we had taken back in a foreclosure or bankruptcy and operated for our own account were treated as foreclosure properties for income tax purposes, pursuant to Code Section 856(e). Gross income from foreclosure properties was classified as “good income” for purposes of the annual REIT income tests upon making the election on the tax return. Once made, the income was classified as “good” for a period of three years, or until the properties were no longer operated for our own account. In all cases of foreclosure property, we utilized an independent contractor to conduct day-to-day operations to comply with certain REIT requirements. In certain cases, we operated these facilities through a taxable REIT subsidiary. For those properties operated through the taxable REIT subsidiary, we utilized an eligible independent contractor to conduct day-to-day operations to comply with certain REIT requirements. As a result of the foregoing, we do not believe that our participation in the operation of nursing homes increased the risk that we would fail to qualify as a REIT. Through our 2017 taxable year, we had not paid any tax on our foreclosure property because those properties had been producing losses. We cannot predict whether, in the future, our income from foreclosure property will be significant and whether we could be required to pay a significant amount of tax on that income. Hedging Transactions. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps and floors, options to purchase these items and futures and forward contracts. To the extent that we enter into an interest rate swap or cap contract, option, futures contract, forward rate agreement, or any similar financial instrument for the purpose of hedging our indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry “real estate assets,” any periodic income or gain from the disposition of that contract should be qualifying income and excluded from the computations determining compliance with the 95% and 75% gross income tests. As described in Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, we have entered into certain interest rate swap agreements to hedge our risk against fluctuations in interest rates and the swaps have been structured to satisfy the requirements of the tax treatment outlined above. Accordingly, our income and gain from our interest rate swap agreements generally is qualifying income and may be excluded from our computations in determining compliance with the 95% and 75% gross income tests. To the extent that we hedge with other types of financial instruments, or in other situations, it is not entirely clear how the income from those transactions will be treated for purposes of the gross income tests. We believe that we have structured and intend to continue to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT. TRS Income. A TRS may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. If a TRS owns directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock of another corporation, the other corporation also will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of securities of one or more TRSs (for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, the limitation on ownership of TRS stock was 25%). After 2009, a TRS was permitted to own or lease a health care facility provided that the facility is operated and managed by an “eligible independent contractor.” A TRS will pay income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. In addition, the new rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT or the REIT’s operators that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. As stated above, we do not lease any of our facilities to any of our TRSs. Failure to Satisfy Income Tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such year if we are entitled to relief under certain relief provisions of the Code. These relief provisions will be generally available if (1) our failure to 9 meet such tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, (2) we attach a schedule of the sources of our income to our tax return, and (3) any incorrect information on the schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. Even if these relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability and we would file a schedule with descriptions of each item of gross income that caused the failure. Asset Tests. At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must also satisfy the following tests relating to the nature of our assets. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets (including (i) our allocable share of real estate assets held by partnerships in which we own an interest and (ii) stock or debt instruments held for less than one year purchased with the proceeds of a stock offering or long-term (at least five years) debt offering of our company), cash, cash items and government securities. Second, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, the value of our interest in any one issuer’s securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets. Third, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power or value of any one issuer’s outstanding securities. Fourth, with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by nonqualified publicly offered REIT debt instruments. Fifth, no more than 20% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more TRSs (25% in the case of a taxable year beginning before January 1, 2018). Sixth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of TRSs and other non-TRS taxable subsidiaries, or other assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test. For purposes of the second and third asset tests described above the term “securities” does not include our equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary, a TRS, or an equity interest in any partnership, since we are deemed to own our proportionate share of each asset of any partnership of which we are a partner. Furthermore, for purposes of determining whether we own more than 10% of the value of only one issuer’s outstanding securities, the term “securities” does not include: (i) any loan to an individual or an estate; (ii) any Code Section 467 rental agreement; (iii) any obligation to pay rents from real property; (iv) certain government issued securities; (v) any security issued by another REIT; and (vi) our debt securities in any partnership, not otherwise excepted under (i) through (v) above, (A) to the extent of our interest as a partner in the partnership or (B) if 75% of the partnership’s gross income is derived from sources described in the 75% income test set forth above. We may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. However, overall, no more than 20% (or 25% with respect to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018) of the value of our assets may consist of securities of one or more TRSs, and no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of the securities of TRSs and other non-TRS taxable subsidiaries (including stock in non-REIT C corporations) and other assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test. We believe that the value of our TRSs is substantially less than 20% of the value of our assets and we do not expect the value of our TRSs to increase materially in the future. If the outstanding principal balance of a mortgage loan exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan, a portion of such loan likely will not be a qualifying real estate asset for purposes of the 75% test. The nonqualifying portion of that mortgage loan will be equal to the portion of the loan amount that exceeds the value of the associated real property. Prior to January 1, 2016, in the case of a mortgage loan that is secured by both real and personal property, a portion of the mortgage loan was required to be treated as a nonqualifying assets for purposes of the 75% tests if the fair market value of the real property at the time the loan was made was less than the principal amount of the loan. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, in the case of a mortgage loan that is secured by both real and personal property, such allocation is required only if the fair market value of the personal property exceeds 15% of the value of the property. We do not expect the change in the rules for allocation of mortgage interest to have an impact on our ability to satisfy either of the asset tests going forward. As discussed under the 75% gross income test (see above), the IRS provided relief from re-testing certain mortgage loans held by a REIT that have been modified as a result of the current distressed market conditions with respect to real property. At present, we do not hold any mortgage loans that have been modified, which would require us to take advantage of these rules for special relief. 10 After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy any of the asset tests at the end of a subsequent quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If the failure to satisfy the asset tests results from an acquisition of securities or other property during a quarter, the failure can be cured by disposition of sufficient nonqualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. Subject to certain de minimis exceptions, we may avoid REIT disqualification in the event of certain failures under the asset tests, provided that (i) we file a schedule with a description of each asset that caused the failure, (ii) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, (iii) we dispose of the assets within 6 months after the last day of the quarter in which the identification of the failure occurred (or the requirements of the rules are otherwise met within such period) and (iv) we pay a tax on the failure equal to the greater of (A) $50,000 per failure and (B) the product of the net income generated by the assets that caused the failure for the period beginning on the date of the failure and ending on the date we dispose of the asset (or otherwise satisfy the requirements) multiplied by the Highest Corporate Tax Rate. Annual Distribution Requirements. To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to (A) the sum of (i) 90% of our “REIT taxable income” (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain) and (ii) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of noncash income. Such distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration. In addition, such distributions are required to be made pro rata, with no preference to any share of stock as compared with other shares of the same class, and with no preference to one class of stock as compared with another class except to the extent that such class is entitled to such a preference. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain, or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100% of our “REIT taxable income,” as adjusted, we will be subject to tax thereon at regular ordinary and capital gain corporate tax rates. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year, or by the end of January following the calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of: • • • 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; 95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year; and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts we actually distribute. We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year. If we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the 4% excise tax described above. We have made, and we intend to continue to make, timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. We may also be entitled to pay and deduct deficiency dividends in later years as a relief measure to correct errors in determining our taxable income. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends. The availability to us of, among other things, depreciation deductions with respect to our owned facilities (which reduce our taxable income and the amount of our required dividend distributions) depends upon the determination that, for federal income tax purposes, we are the true owner of such facilities for federal income tax purposes, which is dependent on the classification of the leases to operators or our facilities as “true leases” rather than financing arrangements for federal income tax purposes. The determinations of whether (1) we are the owner of such facilities, and (2) the leases are true leases, for federal tax purposes are essentially factual matters. With the exception of certain financing arrangements for federal income tax purposes, we believe that we will be treated as the owner of each of the facilities that we lease, and such leases will be treated as true leases for federal income tax purposes. However, no assurances can be given that the IRS will not successfully challenge our status as the owner of our facilities subject to leases, and the status of such leases as true leases, asserting that the purchase of the facilities by 11 us and the leasing of such facilities merely constitute steps in secured financing transactions in which the lessees are owners of the facilities and we are merely a secured creditor. In such event, we would not be entitled to claim depreciation deductions with respect to any of the affected facilities. Other changes included in the Tax Act that could impact the amount of our taxable income for our taxable year ended December 31, 2018, include the limitation of the deduction for interest expense, the limitation on the deduction for certain compensation paid to certain of our executive officers, and the changes to the Code expanding the definitions of “lobbying and political expenditures” and “fines, penalties, and other amounts” for purposes of determining whether expenditures of these types continue to qualify as ordinary and necessary trade or business expenses that may be deducted in computing taxable income. Since we are engaged in a qualified real property trade or business, we may elect out of the limitations on the deduction for interest expenses. If we determine the need to make such an election, we will be required to use a longer depreciable life for certain of our real property, which will reduce the amount we may claim currently as depreciation expense for purposes of computing our taxable income. The result of any of the above could cause us to fail to meet the 90% distribution requirement or, if such requirement is met, we might be subject to corporate income tax or the 4% excise tax. Reasonable Cause Savings Clause. We may avoid disqualification in the event of a failure to meet certain requirements for REIT qualification if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and if the REIT pays a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. This reasonable cause safe harbor is not available for failures to meet the 95% and 75% gross income tests or the assets tests. Failure to Qualify. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and the reasonable cause relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject to tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax with respect to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify will not be deductible, and our failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce the cash available for distribution by us to our stockholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to stockholders will be taxable as dividend income, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. However, in such a case, subject to certain limitations of the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction with respect to dividends that we make, and in the case of an individual, trust, or an estate, dividends are treated the same as capital gain income, which currently is subject to a maximum income tax rate that is lower than regular income tax rates. In addition, in the case of an individual, trust or an estate, to the extent such taxpayer’s unearned income (including dividends) exceeds certain threshold amounts, the Medicare Tax on unearned income also will apply to dividend income. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to such statutory relief. Failure to qualify could result in our incurring indebtedness or liquidating investments to pay the resulting taxes. Our Subsidiaries. We own and operate a number of properties through subsidiaries and the classification of such subsidiaries varies for federal income tax purposes as described in this section. Some of the subsidiaries elected to be taxed as REITs beginning with the calendar year ending December 31, 2015. The stock of the REIT subsidiaries, and dividends received from the REIT subsidiaries, will qualify under the asset tests and income tests, respectively, as described above, provided that such subsidiaries maintain their REIT qualification. Some of the subsidiaries are classified as qualified REIT subsidiaries, which we refer to as QRSs. Code Section 856(i) provides that a corporation that is a QRS shall not be treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary shall be treated as assets, liabilities and such items (as the case may be) of the REIT. Thus, in applying the tests for REIT qualification described above, the QRSs will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction, and credit of such QRSs will be treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction, and credit. 12 Some of the subsidiaries are classified as TRSs. As described above, a TRS may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT; however, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of securities of one or more TRSs (25% for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018). One or more of our TRSs hold a number of assets that cannot be owned directly by a REIT. We believe that the value of the securities of our TRSs is far less than the permitted percentage thresholds described in this section. Some of the subsidiaries are classified as partnerships. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership, such REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of any partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we own an interest, directly or indirectly, will be treated as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements. See Tax Aspects of Our Investments in our Operating Partnership and Subsidiary Partnerships below. Tax Aspects of Investments in our Operating Partnership and Subsidiary Partnerships The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax considerations applicable to our direct or indirect investments in our operating partnership and any subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies that we form or acquire including such subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies that are treated as disregarded for income tax purposes (collectively, “Omega OP”). This discussion does not cover state or local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax laws. Classification as Partnerships. We will be entitled to include in our income our distributive share of each item of Omega OP’s income and to deduct our distributive share of each item of Omega OP’s expense or loss only if Omega OP is classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity is treated as having only one owner for federal income tax purposes) rather than as a corporation or an association taxable as a corporation. An unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members will be classified as a partnership, rather than as a corporation, for federal income tax purposes if it: • • is treated as a partnership under the Treasury Regulations relating to entity classification (the “check-the-box regulations”); and is not a “publicly-traded partnership.” Under the check-the-box regulations, an unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity fails to make an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity is treated as having only one owner for federal income tax purposes) for federal income tax purposes. Omega OP intends to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and will not elect to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation under the check-the-box regulations. A publicly traded partnership is a partnership whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. A partnership whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and thus, characterized as a publicly traded partnership that is taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may nevertheless avoid characterization as a corporation for any taxable year if, for each taxable year beginning after December 31, 1987, in which it was classified as a publicly traded partnership, 90% or more of the partnership’s gross income for such year consists of certain passive-type income, including real property rents, gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, interest, and dividends (the “Qualifying Income Exception”). The Treasury Regulations provide limited safe harbors under which certain transfers of interests in the partnership may be ignored or not taken into account in the determination of whether a partnership’s interests are considered to be readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof (the “PTP Transfer Exceptions”). Omega OP’s partnership agreement contains provisions enabling its general partner to take such steps as are necessary or appropriate to prevent the issuance and transfers of interests in 13 Omega OP that do not satisfy one of the PTP Transfer Exceptions, and thus, cause Omega OP to be treated as a publicly traded partnership. To date, we believe that all transfers of Omega OP Units have satisfied one of the PTP Transfer Exceptions. However, even if the transfers of Omega OP Units failed to qualify for any of the PTP Transfer Exceptions, and Omega OP was considered to be a publicly traded partnership, we believe that Omega OP would have sufficient qualifying income to satisfy the Qualifying Income Exception, and therefore, would not be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We have not requested, and do not intend to request, a ruling from the IRS that Omega OP will be classified as a partnership and not as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. If for any reason the Omega OP were taxable as a corporation, rather than as a partnership, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we likely would not be able to qualify as a REIT unless we qualified for certain relief provisions. See the discussions entitled “Failure to Satisfy Income Tests,” “Asset Tests” and “Failure to Qualify” set forth above. In addition, any change in a partnership’s status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable in which case we might incur tax liability without any related cash distribution. See Annual event, Distribution Requirements above. Further, items of income and deduction of such partnership would not pass through to its partners, and its partners would be treated as stockholders for tax purposes. Consequently, such partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, and distributions to its partners would constitute dividends that would not be deductible in computing such partnership’s taxable income. Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to Tax. A partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax purposes. Rather, we are required to take into account our allocable share of each item of Omega OP’s income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit for any taxable year of Omega OP ending within or with our taxable year, without regard to whether we have received or will receive any distribution from Omega OP. Partnership Allocations. Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of income and losses among partners, such allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of the Code and Treasury Regulations governing partnership allocations. If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. Tax Allocations With Respect to Partnership Properties. Income, gain, loss, and deduction attributable to property that has appreciated or depreciated that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution (the “704(c) Allocations”). The amount of such unrealized gain or unrealized loss, referred to as “built-in gain” or “built-in loss”, generally is equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of contribution (a “book-tax difference”). Allocations with respect to book-tax differences are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. A book-tax difference attributable to depreciable property generally is decreased on an annual basis as a result of the allocation of depreciation deductions to the contributing partner for book purposes but not for tax purposes. The Treasury Regulations require entities taxed as partnerships to use a “reasonable method” for allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax difference and outline several reasonable allocation methods. Any gain or loss recognized by Omega OP on the disposition of contributed properties will be allocated first to the partners of Omega OP who contributed such properties to the extent of their built-in gain or loss on those properties for federal income tax purposes. The partners’ built-in gain or loss on such contributed properties will equal the difference between the partners’ proportionate share of the book value of those properties and the partners’ tax basis allocable to those properties at the time of the contribution as reduced for any decrease in the book-tax difference. Any remaining gain or loss recognized by Omega OP on the disposition of the contributed properties, and any gain or loss recognized by Omega OP on the disposition of the other properties, generally will be allocated among the partners in accordance with the partnership agreement, unless such allocations and agreement do not satisfy the requirements of applicable Treasury Regulations, in which case the allocation will be made in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership. 14 Omega OP has, in the past, received contributions of properties having a “carryover” tax basis that is different from the basis of such properties as determined for book or financial accounting purposes. As a result, such properties had significant built-in gain or loss subject to Section 704(c) of the Code. As the general partner of Omega OP, we are required to account for the book-tax difference with respect to the properties contributed to Omega OP under a method approved by Section 704(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations, which could result in an allocation of an amount of taxable income from the ownership, or gain or loss from the disposition, of such properties by Omega OP to holders of OP units that contributed such properties that varies from allocations of financial accounting income or gain realized as a result of the ownership and/or disposition of such properties. Sale of a Partnership’s Property. Generally, any gain realized by a partnership on the sale of property held by the partnership for more than one year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion of such gain that is treated as depreciation or cost recovery recapture. Our share of any gain realized by Omega OP on the sale of any property held by Omega OP as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of Omega OP’s trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Such prohibited transaction income also may have an adverse effect upon our ability to satisfy the income tests for REIT status. See Income Tests above. We do not presently intend to acquire or hold or to allow Omega OP to acquire or hold any property that represents inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of Omega OP’s trade or business. Government Regulation and Reimbursement The healthcare industry is heavily regulated. Our operators are subject to extensive and complex federal, state and local healthcare laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are subject to frequent and substantial changes resulting from the adoption of new legislation, rules and regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations of existing law. The ultimate timing or effect of these changes, which may be applied retroactively, cannot be predicted. Changes in laws and regulations impacting our operators, in addition to regulatory non-compliance by our operators, can have a significant effect on the operations and financial condition of our operators, which in turn may adversely impact us. There is the potential that we may be subject directly to healthcare laws and regulations because of the broad nature of some of these regulations, such as the Anti-kickback Statute and False Claims Act among others. The following is a discussion of certain laws and regulations generally applicable to our operators, and in certain cases, to us. Healthcare Reform. A substantial amount of rules and regulations have been issued under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education and Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively referred to as the “Healthcare Reform Law”). The Trump administration has brought several Congressional efforts to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act. We expect additional rules, regulations and judicial interpretations in response to legal and other constitutional challenges to be issued that may materially affect our operators’ financial condition and operations. Even if the Healthcare Reform Law is not ultimately amended or repealed, the new administration could propose changes impacting implementation of the Healthcare Reform Law. The ultimate composition and timing of any legislation enacted under the new administration that would impact the current implementation of the Healthcare Reform Law remains uncertain. Given the complexity of the Healthcare Reform Law and the substantial requirements for regulation thereunder, the impact of the Healthcare Reform Law on our operators or their ability to meet their obligations to us cannot be predicted, whether in its current form or as amended or repealed. Reform Requirements for Long-Term Care Facilities. On October 4, 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) issued a final rule modifying the conditions of participation in Medicare and Medicaid for SNFs. CMS stated that the regulations, last updated in 1991, were “necessary to reflect the substantial advances that had been made over the past several years in the theory and practice of service delivery and safety” within long-term care. The extensive modifications require SNFs to implement new processes; make changes to current practices; and create new policies and procedures within a short timeframe to remain in compliance with their conditions for participation. Changes include provisions related to staff training, discharge planning, infection prevention and control programs, and pharmacy 15 services, among others. While many of the regulations became effective on November 28, 2016, some of the regulations became effective in Phase 2 on November 28, 2017, with others becoming effective in Phase 3, beginning on November 28, 2019. CMS delayed for eighteen months the imposition of any fines for failure to implement Phase 2 of the new “Requirements of Participation” implemented in November 2017. CMS also announced a freeze on the inspection star ratings for any surveys occurring between November 28, 2017 and November 27, 2018. CMS estimates the average cost for a SNF to implement the new regulations is estimated to be $62,900 the first year and $55,000 each year thereafter. Reimbursement Generally. A significant portion of our operators’ revenue is derived from government-funded reimbursement programs, consisting primarily of Medicare and Medicaid. As federal and state governments continue to focus on healthcare reform initiatives, and as the federal government and many states face significant current and future budget deficits, efforts to reduce costs by government payors will likely continue, which may result in reductions in reimbursement at both the federal and state levels. Additionally, new and evolving payor and provider programs, including but not limited to Medicare Advantage, dual eligible, accountable care organizations, and bundled payments could adversely impact our tenants’ and operators’ liquidity, financial condition or results of operations. Significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed and/or reductions of reimbursement rates could have a material adverse effect on our operators’ results of operations and financial condition, which could adversely affect our operators’ ability to meet their obligations to us. Medicaid. State budgetary concerns, coupled with the implementation of rules under the Healthcare Reform Law, or prospective changes to the Healthcare Reform Law under the Trump administration, may result in significant changes in healthcare spending at the state level. Many states are currently focusing on the reduction of expenditures under their state Medicaid programs, which may result in a reduction in reimbursement rates for our operators. The need to control Medicaid expenditures by the states may be exacerbated by the potential for increased enrollment in Medicaid due to unemployment and declines in family incomes. Since our operators’ profit margins on Medicaid patients are generally relatively low, more than modest reductions in Medicaid reimbursement or an increase in the number of Medicaid patients could adversely affect our operators’ results of operations and financial condition, which in turn could negatively impact us. The Healthcare Reform Law provided for Medicaid coverage to be expanded to all individuals under age 65 with incomes up to 133% of the federal poverty level, beginning January 1, 2014. While the federal government committed to paying the entire cost for Medicaid coverage for newly eligible beneficiaries from 2014 through 2016, the federal share declines to 95% in 2017, 94% in 2018, 93% in 2019, and 90% in 2020 and subsequent years. Although the Supreme Court ruled on June 28, 2012 that states could not be required to expand Medicaid or risk losing federal funding of their existing Medicaid programs, as of January 4, 2019, thirty-seven (37) states including the District of Columbia have expanded Medicaid eligibility with additional states continuing to consider expansion. Medicare. On July 31, 2018, CMS issued a final rule regarding the fiscal year (“FY”) 2019 Medicare payment rates and quality payment programs for SNFs, which continues the trend of shifting Medicare payments from volume to value. Proposed aggregate payments to SNFs, which became effective October 1, 2018 for FY 2019, are expected to increase by $820 million over FY 2017 payments. This reimbursement increase is attributable to a 2.4% market basket increase as required under the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018. As mandated by the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014 (“IMPACT Act”), the annual update is reduced by two percentage points for SNFs that fail to submit required quality data to CMS under the SNF Quality Reporting Program (“QRP”). Payments to providers are being increasingly tied to quality and efficiency. CMS finalized the previously proposed rule to replace the SNF PPS RUG-IV case-mix classification methodology with a new value-based Patient Driven Payment Model (“PDPM”). The PDPM is designed to improve the incentives to treat the needs of the whole patient, rather on the volume of services the patient receives. The PDPM will be effective October 1, 2019 (FY 2020) to allow time for education and training of SNFs in preparation for the new payment model. 16 These prospective reimbursement changes as well as the value-based purchasing programs applicable to SNFs under the 2014 Protecting Access to Medicare Act, which became effective on October 1, 2018, could have a material adverse effect on our operators’ financial condition and operations, adversely impacting their ability to meet their obligations to us. In addition to Medicare payment rates, SNFs continue to be impacted by the “Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018,” which extended Medicare sequestration and Medicare reimbursement cuts to providers and plans by 2% across the board, for an additional two years through 2027. Furthermore, while the exceptions review process for therapy caps stipulated by MACRA expired December 31, 2017, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 permanently repealed the therapy caps and the exceptions review process that applied to Medicare Part B therapy coverage as of January 1, 2018. The industry estimates that these changes may potentially (i) result in the restoration of Medicare Part B SNF revenues that would have declined had the therapy caps remained in place and (ii) permit continued medically necessary services to maintain beneficiary quality of care levels. However, these changes reduced the reimbursement rate for Medicare Part B therapy services performed by therapy assistants to 85% of the physician fee schedule beginning January 1, 2022 which may offset some of the additional expenses. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 also restored the limited post-pay claims review process and eliminated a threat to future SNF Medicare payment rates by ending the “Independent Payment Advisory Board” established under the Healthcare Reform Law. Relatedly, CMS released a final rule on December 1, 2017 to significantly scale back mandatory participation in the bundled payment program for Lower Extremity Joint Replacement (“CJR”) procedures that went into effect on April 1, 2016, and was mandatory for all hospitals paid under the Medicare Inpatient Prospective Payment System that are located in the 67 selected metropolitan statistical areas (“MSAs”). Effective January 1, 2018, CJR program participation under the final rule became voluntary for the eligible hospitals in 33 of the MSAs covered by the program as of February 2018. The CJR program will remain mandatory in the 34 MSAs for the duration of the program, with an exception for certain low volume and rural hospitals. CMS anticipates the number of mandatory participating hospitals to decrease from approximately 700 under this rule. SNFs receiving Medicare revenues related to hospital discharges subject to CJR bundled payment programs in the identified geographic areas could be either positively or negatively affected by the CJR bundled payment program. Quality of Care Initiatives. In addition to quality or value based reimbursement reforms, CMS has implemented a number of initiatives focused on the quality of care provided by long term care facilities that could affect our operators. In December 2008, CMS released quality ratings for all of the nursing homes that participate in Medicare or Medicaid under its “Five Star Quality Rating System.” Facility rankings, ranging from five stars (“much above average”) to one star (“much below average”) are updated on a monthly basis. SNFs are required to provide information for the CMS Nursing Home Compare website regarding staffing and quality measures. Based on this data and the results of state health inspections, SNFs are then rated based on the five-star rating system. In August 2016, CMS announced a modification to the Five Star Quality Rating System through the introduction of new quality measures based primarily on Medicare claims data submitted by hospitals, including: (1) percentage of short-stay residents who were successfully discharged to the community; short-stay residents who have had an outpatient emergency department visit; (2) percentage of (3) percentage of short-stay residents who were re-hospitalized after a nursing home admission; (4) percentage of short-stay residents who made improvements in function; and (5) percentage of long-stay residents whose ability to move independently worsened. These ratings were incorporated into the nursing home rating system in July 2016 and were phased in through January 2017. It is possible that this or any other ranking system could lead to future reimbursement policies that reward or penalize facilities on the basis of the reported quality of care parameters. Office of the Inspector General Activities. Beginning June 15, 2017, the Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) began updating its Work Plan website monthly in order to enhance transparency around the OIG’s continuous work planning efforts. The OIG reported in its January 2018 update that it would review the quality of care provided to Medicare beneficiaries, including elders and disabled persons, who are being treated at inpatient and outpatient medical facilities for conditions that may be the result of abuse or 17 neglect. The OIG referenced prior reviews which indicated problems with the quality of care and the reporting and investigation of potential abuse or neglect at group homes, nursing homes, and skilled nursing facilities. The OIG additionally included a review of the staffing levels reported by SNFs as part of its August 2018 updates, as well as a review involuntary transfers and discharges from nursing homes in its November 2018 updates The OIG is continuing to review whether ambulance services paid by Medicare Part B were appropriately subject to Part A SNF consolidated billing requirements. in SNFs; These monthly Work Plan updates supplement the OIG’s Work Plan for government fiscal year 2017 that included seven projects related specifically to nursing homes: (1) determining to what extent State agencies investigate serious nursing home complaints within the required timeframes; (2) unreported (3) review of SNF Medicare reimbursement incidents of potential abuse and neglect documentation (determine if it meets requirements for each particular resource utilization group); (4) the SNF Adverse Event Screening Tool, which will disseminate practical information about the SNF Adverse Event Trigger Tool; (5) review of the National Background Check Program for long-term care employees; (6) compliance with the SNF prospective payment system requirement related to a three-day qualifying inpatient hospital stay; and (7) review of potentially avoidable hospitalizations of Medicare and Medicaid-Eligible nursing facility residents and prevention and detection services provided by nursing homes. Additionally, regional Recovery Audit Contractor program auditors along with the OIG and Department of Justice are expected to continue their efforts to evaluate SNF Medicare claims for any excessive therapy charges. Department of Justice. SNFs are under intense scrutiny for the quality of care being rendered to residents and appropriate billing practices. The Department of Justice launched ten regional Elder Justice Task Forces in 2016 which are coordinating and enhancing efforts to pursue SNFs that provide grossly substandard care to their residents. They are also focusing on therapy billing issues. These Task Forces are composed of representatives from the U.S. Attorneys’ Offices, State Medicaid Fraud Control Units, state and local prosecutors’ offices, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), State Adult Protective Services agencies, Long Term Care Ombudsmen programs, and law enforcement. Medicare and Medicaid Program Audits. Governmental agencies and their agents, such as the Medicare Administrative Contractors, fiscal intermediaries and carriers, as well as the HHS-OIG and HHS-OCR, CMS and state Medicaid programs, may conduct audits of our operators’ billing practices. Under the Recovery Audit Contractor (“RAC”) program, CMS contracts with RACs on a contingency basis to conduct post-payment reviews to detect and correct improper payments in the fee-for-service Medicare program, to managed Medicare plans and in the Medicaid program. CMS also employs Medicaid Integrity Contractors (“MICs”) to perform post-payment audits of Medicaid claims and identify overpayments. In addition to RACs and MICs, the state Medicaid agencies and other contractors have increased their review activities. Should any of our operators be found out of compliance with any of these laws, regulations or programs, our business, our financial position and our results of operations could be negatively impacted. Fraud and Abuse. There are various federal and state civil and criminal laws and regulations governing a wide array of healthcare provider referrals, relationships and arrangements, including laws and regulations prohibiting fraud by healthcare providers. Many of these complex laws raise issues that have not been clearly interpreted by the relevant governmental authorities and courts. These laws include: (i) federal and state false claims acts, which, among other things, prohibit providers from filing false claims or making false statements to receive payment from Medicare, Medicaid or other federal or state healthcare programs; (ii) federal and state anti-kickback and fee-splitting statutes, including the Medicare and Medicaid Anti-kickback statute, which prohibit the payment or receipt of remuneration to induce referrals or recommendations of healthcare items or services, such as services provided in a SNF; (iii) federal and state physician self-referral laws (commonly referred to as the Stark Law), which generally prohibit referrals by physicians to entities for designated health services (some of which are provided in SNFs) with which the physician or an immediate family member has a financial relationship; (iv) the federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law, which prohibits, among other things, the knowing presentation of a false or fraudulent claim for certain healthcare services and (v) federal and state privacy laws, including the privacy and security rules contained in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, which provide for the privacy and security of personal. 18 Violations of healthcare fraud and abuse laws carry civil, criminal and administrative sanctions, imprisonment, denial of Medicare and Medicaid including punitive sanctions, monetary penalties, reimbursement and potential exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid or other federal or state healthcare programs. Additionally, there are criminal provisions that prohibit filing false claims or making false statements to receive payment or certification under Medicare and Medicaid, as well as failing to refund overpayments or improper payments. Violation of the Anti-kickback statute or Stark Law may form the basis for a federal False Claims Act violation. These laws are enforced by a variety of federal, state and local agencies and can also be enforced by private litigants through, among other things, federal and state false claims acts, which allow private litigants to bring qui tam or whistleblower actions, which have become more frequent in recent years. Several of our operators have responded to subpoenas and other requests for information regarding their operations in connection with inquiries by the U.S. Department of Justice or other regulatory agencies. Privacy. Our operators are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations designed to protect the confidentiality and security of patient health information, including the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”), and the corresponding regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively referred to herein as “HIPAA”). The HITECH Act expanded the scope of these provisions by mandating individual notification in instances of breaches of protected health information, providing enhanced penalties for HIPAA violations, and granting enforcement authority to states’ Attorneys General in addition to the HHS Office for Civil Rights. Additionally, in a final rule issued in January, 2013, HHS modified the standard for determining whether a breach has occurred by creating a presumption that any non-permitted acquisition, access, use or disclosure of protected health information is a breach unless the covered entity or business associate can demonstrate that there is a low probability that the information has been compromised, based on a risk assessment. HHS continued its auditing program in 2016 to assess compliance efforts by covered entities and business associates. Through a second phase of audits, which commenced for covered entities in July 2016, HHS focused on a review of policies and procedures adopted and employed by covered entities and their business associates to meet selected standards and implementation specifications of the HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Breach Notification Rules. Covered entities and business associates selected for a desk audit have the potential to be selected for an on-site audit. The HHS Office for Civil Rights reported that as of February 2018, the Phase 2 desk audits of covered entities and business associates were completed, and additional comprehensive on-site audits would be conducted as part of a permanent audit program going forward. Various states have similar laws and regulations that govern the maintenance and safeguarding of patient records, charts and other information generated in connection with the provision of professional medical services. These laws and regulations require our operators to expend the requisite resources to secure protected health information, including the funding of costs associated with technology upgrades. Operators found in violation of HIPAA or any other privacy law or regulation may face significant monetary penalties. In addition, compliance with an operator’s notification requirements in the event of a breach of unsecured protected health information could cause reputational harm to an operator’s business. Licensing and Certification. Our operators and facilities are subject to various federal, state and local licensing and certification laws and regulations, including laws and regulations under Medicare and Medicaid requiring operators of SNFs and ALFs to comply with extensive standards governing operations. Governmental agencies administering these laws and regulations regularly inspect our operators’ facilities and investigate complaints. Our operators and their managers receive notices of observed violations and deficiencies from time to time, and sanctions have been imposed from time to time on facilities operated by them. In addition, many states require certain healthcare providers to obtain a certificate of need, which requires prior approval for the construction, expansion or closure of certain healthcare facilities, which has the potential to impact some of our operators’ abilities to expand or change their businesses. Americans with Disabilities Act (the “ADA”). Our properties must comply with the ADA and any similar state or local laws to the extent that such properties are public accommodations as defined in those statutes. The ADA may require removal of barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public 19 areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. Should barriers to access by persons with disabilities be discovered at any of our properties, we may be directly or indirectly responsible for additional costs that may be required to make facilities ADA-compliant. Noncompliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. Our commitment to make readily achievable accommodations pursuant to the ADA is ongoing, and we continue to assess our properties and make modifications as appropriate in this respect. Other Laws and Regulations. Additional federal, state and local laws and regulations affect how our operators conduct their operations, including laws and regulations protecting consumers against deceptive practices and otherwise generally affecting our operators’ management of their property and equipment and the conduct of their operations (including laws and regulations involving fire, health and safety; quality of services, including care and food service; residents’ rights, including abuse and neglect laws; and the health standards set by the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration). General and Professional Liability. Although arbitration agreements have been effective in limiting general and professional liabilities for SNF and long term care providers, there have been numerous lawsuits challenging the validity of arbitration agreements in long term care settings. As set forth in the recent conditions of participation final rule issued on October 4, 2016, CMS prohibited pre-dispute arbitration agreements between SNFs and residents effective November 28, 2016, thereby increasing potential liabilities for SNFs and long-term care providers. Subsequently, the authority of CMS to restrict the rights of these parties to arbitrate was challenged by litigation in various jurisdictions, and enforcement by CMS was suspended on November 7, 2016 following the issuance of a preliminary injunction by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi. In a reversal from its previous position, CMS issued a proposed rule on June 5, 2017, that lifts CMS’ ban on pre-dispute arbitration agreements in the long-term care setting. The proposed rule continues to face challenges by certain industry groups. Executive Officers of Our Company Biographical information regarding our executive officers and their ages as of February 1, 2019 are set forth below: C. Taylor Pickett (57) is our Chief Executive Officer and has served in this capacity since June 2001. Mr. Pickett has also served as Director of the Company since May 30, 2002. Mr. Pickett has also been a member of the board of trustees of Corporate Office Properties Trust, an office REIT focusing on U.S. government agencies and defense contractors, since November 2013. From January 1993 to June 2001, Mr. Pickett served as a member of the senior management team of Integrated Health Services, Inc., most recently as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining Integrated Health Services, Inc. Mr. Pickett held various positions at PHH Corporation and KPMG Peat Marwick. Daniel J. Booth (55) is our Chief Operating Officer and has served in this capacity since October 2001. From 1993 to October 2001, Mr. Booth served as a member of the management team of Integrated Health Services, Inc., most recently serving as Senior Vice President, Finance. Prior to joining Integrated Health Services, Inc., Mr. Booth served as a Vice President in the Healthcare Lending Division of Maryland National Bank (now Bank of America). Steven J. Insoft (54) is our Chief Corporate Development Officer and has served in this capacity since April 1, 2015. Mr. Insoft served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Aviv REIT, Inc. since 2012, while previously serving as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Prior to joining Aviv REIT, Inc. in 2005, Mr. Insoft spent eight years as a Vice President and Senior Investment Officer of Nationwide Health Properties, Inc., a publicly-traded REIT. Before that, he was President and Chief Financial Officer of CMI Senior Housing & Healthcare, Inc., a privately-held nursing home and assisted living facility operations and development company, for seven years. Robert O. Stephenson (55) is our Chief Financial Officer and has served in this capacity since August 2001. From 1996 to July 2001, Mr. Stephenson served as the Senior Vice President and Treasurer of Integrated Health Services, Inc. Prior to joining Integrated Health Services, Inc., Mr. Stephenson held various positions at CSX Intermodal, Inc., Martin Marietta Corporation and Electronic Data Systems. 20 Michael D. Ritz (50) is our Chief Accounting Officer and has served in this capacity since February 2007. From April 2005 to February 2007, Mr. Ritz served as the Vice President, Accounting & Assistant Corporate Controller of Newell Rubbermaid Inc., and from August 2002 to April 2005, Mr. Ritz served as the Director, Financial Reporting of Newell Rubbermaid Inc. From July 2001 through August 2002, Mr. Ritz served as the Director of Accounting and Controller of Novavax Inc. As of February 18, 2019, we had 51 full-time employees, including the five executive officers listed above. 21 Item 1A — Risk Factors Following are some of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report or our other filings with the SEC. These risks should be read in conjunction with the other risks described in this report, including but not limited to those described in Taxation and Government Regulation and Reimbursement under Item 1 above. The risks described in this report are not the only risks facing us and there may be additional risks we are not presently aware of or that we currently consider unlikely to significantly impact us. Our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks, and, as a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline. Risks Related to the Operators of Our Facilities Our financial position could be weakened and our ability to make distributions and fulfill our obligations with respect to our indebtedness could be limited if our operators, or a portion thereof, become unable to meet their obligations to us or fail to renew or extend their relationship with us as their lease terms expire or their mortgages mature, or if we become unable to lease or re-lease our facilities or make mortgage loans on economically favorable terms. We have no operational control over our operators. Adverse developments concerning our operators could arise due to a number of factors, including those listed below. The bankruptcy or insolvency of our operators could limit or delay our ability to recover on our investments. We are exposed to the risk that a distressed or insolvent operator may not be able to meet its lease, loan, mortgage or other obligations to us or other third parties. This risk is heightened during a period of economic or political instability. Although each of our lease and loan agreements typically provides us with the right to terminate, evict an operator, foreclose on our collateral, demand immediate payment and exercise other remedies upon the bankruptcy or insolvency of an operator, title 11 of the United States Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) would limit or, at a minimum, delay our ability to collect unpaid pre-bankruptcy rents and mortgage payments and to pursue other remedies against a bankrupt operator. While we sometimes have third party guarantees of an operator’s lease or loan obligations, such guarantees can be expensive to enforce, and have their own risks of collection as against the guarantors. Leases. A bankruptcy filing by one of our lessee operators would typically prevent us from collecting unpaid pre-bankruptcy rents or evicting the operator, absent approval of the bankruptcy court. The Bankruptcy Code provides a lessee with the option to assume or reject an unexpired lease within certain specified periods of time. Generally, a lessee is required to pay all rent that becomes payable between the date of its bankruptcy filing and the date of the assumption or rejection of the lease (although such payments will likely be delayed as a result of the bankruptcy filing). If one of our lessee operators chooses to assume its lease with us, the operator must promptly cure all monetary defaults existing under the lease (including payment of unpaid pre-bankruptcy rents) and provide adequate assurance of its ability to perform its future lease obligations. Even where a lessee operator assumes its lease with us, it will first often threaten to reject that lease to obtain better lease terms from us, and we sometimes have to consider making, or we do make, such economic concessions to avoid rejection of the lease and our taking a closed facility back. If one of our lessee operators opts to reject its lease with us, we would have a claim against such operator for unpaid and future rents payable under the lease, but such claim would be subject to a statutory “cap” under the Bankruptcy Code, and would likely result in a recovery substantially less than the face value of such claim. Although the operator’s rejection of the lease would permit us to recover possession of the leased facility, we would likely face losses, costs and delays associated with repairs and/or maintenance of the facility and then re-leasing the facility to a new operator, or costs associated with selling the facility. In any event, re-leasing a facility or selling it could take a material amount of time, and the pool of interested and qualified tenants or buyers will be limited due to the unique nature of our properties, which may depress values and our eventual recovery. Finally, whether a lease operator in bankruptcy ends up assuming or rejecting our lease, we will incur legal and collection costs, which can be difficult or impossible to recover. Several other factors could impact our rights under leases with bankrupt operators. First, the operator could seek to assign its lease with us to a third party. The Bankruptcy Code disregards anti-assignment 22 provisions in leases to permit the assignment of unexpired leases to third parties (provided all monetary defaults under the lease are promptly cured and the assignee can demonstrate its ability to perform its obligations under the lease). Second, in instances in which we have entered into a master lease agreement with an operator that operates more than one facility, the bankruptcy court could determine that the master lease was comprised of separate, divisible leases (each of which could be separately assumed or rejected), rather than a single, integrated lease (which would have to be assumed or rejected in its entirety). Finally, the bankruptcy court could re-characterize our lease agreement as a disguised financing arrangement, which could require us to receive bankruptcy court approval to foreclose or pursue other remedies with respect to the facility. Mortgages. A bankruptcy filing by an operator to which we have made a loan secured by a mortgage would typically prevent us from collecting unpaid pre-bankruptcy mortgage payments and foreclosing on our collateral, absent approval of the bankruptcy court. As an initial matter, we could ask the bankruptcy court to order the operator to make periodic payments or provide other financial assurances to us during the bankruptcy case (known as “adequate protection”), but the ultimate decision regarding “adequate protection” (including the timing and amount of any “adequate protection” payments) rests with the bankruptcy court. In addition, we would need bankruptcy court approval before commencing or continuing any foreclosure action against the operator’s collateral (including a facility). The bankruptcy court could withhold such approval, especially if the operator can demonstrate that the facility or other collateral is necessary for an effective reorganization and that we have a sufficient “equity cushion” in the facility or that we are otherwise protected from any diminution in value of the collateral. If the bankruptcy court does not either grant us “adequate protection” or permit us to foreclose on our collateral, we may not receive any loan payments until after the bankruptcy court confirms a plan of reorganization for the operator. In addition, in any bankruptcy case of an operator to which we have made a loan, the operator may seek bankruptcy court approval to pay us (i) over a longer period of time than the terms of our loan, (ii) at a different interest rate, and/or (iii) for only the value of the collateral, instead of the full amount of the loan. Finally, even if the bankruptcy court permits us to foreclose on the facility, we would still be subject to the losses, costs and other risks associated with a foreclosure sale, including possible successor liability under government programs, indemnification obligations and suspension or delay of third-party payments. Should such events occur, our income and cash flow from operations would be adversely affected. Failure by our operators to comply with various local, state and federal government regulations may adversely impact their ability to make debt or lease payments to us. Our operators are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, including those described below, that are subject to frequent and substantial changes (sometimes applied retroactively) resulting from new legislation, adoption of rules and regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations of existing law, and any changes in the regulatory framework could have a material adverse effect on our tenants, operators, guarantors and managers. The ultimate timing or effect of these changes cannot be predicted. These changes may have a dramatic effect on our operators’ costs of doing business and on the amount of reimbursement by both government and other third-party payors. The failure of any of our operators to comply with these laws, requirements and regulations could adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. • Reimbursement; Medicare and Medicaid. A significant portion of our operators’ revenue is derived from governmentally-funded reimbursement programs, primarily Medicare and Medicaid. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement — Healthcare Reform, Reimbursement Generally, Medicaid, and Medicare, and the risk factor entitled Our operators depend on reimbursement from governmental and other third-party payors, and reimbursement rates from such payors may be reduced for a further discussion on governmental and third-party payor reimbursement and the associated risks presented to our operators. Failure to maintain certification in these programs would result in a loss of reimbursement from such programs and could result in a reduction in an operator’s revenues and operating margins, thereby negatively impacting an operator’s ability to meet its obligations to us. • Quality of Care Initiatives. The CMS has implemented a number of initiatives focused on the quality of care provided by nursing homes that could affect our operators, including a quality 23 • • • rating system for nursing homes. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement — Quality of Care Initiatives. Any unsatisfactory rating of our operators under any rating system promulgated by the CMS could result in the loss of our operators’ residents or lower reimbursement rates, which could adversely impact their revenues and our business. governing operations. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation licensing and certification laws and regulations, Licensing and Certification. Our operators and facilities are subject to various federal, state and including laws and regulations under local Medicare and Medicaid requiring operators of SNFs and ALFs to comply with extensive and standards Reimbursement — Licensing and Certification. Governmental agencies administering these laws and regulations regularly inspect our operators’ facilities and investigate complaints. Our operators and their managers receive notices of observed violations and deficiencies from time to time, and sanctions have been imposed from time to time on facilities operated by them. Failure to obtain any required licensure or certification, the loss or suspension of any required licensure or certification, or any violations or deficiencies with respect to relevant operating standards may require a facility to cease operations or result in ineligibility for reimbursement until the necessary licenses or certifications are obtained or reinstated, or any such violations or deficiencies are cured. In such event, our revenues from these facilities could be reduced or eliminated for an extended period of time or permanently. Additionally, many states require certain healthcare providers to obtain a certificate of need, which requires prior approval for the construction, expansion, closure or change of ownership of certain healthcare facilities, which has the potential to impact some of our operators’ abilities to expand or change their businesses. Further, Medicare and Medicaid provider approvals, as applicable, may be needed prior to an operator’s change of ownership. Fraud and Abuse Laws and Regulations. There are various federal and state civil and criminal laws and regulations governing a wide array of healthcare provider referrals, relationships and including laws and regulations prohibiting fraud by healthcare providers. In arrangements, addition to our operators, there is the potential that we may become subject directly to healthcare laws and regulations because of the broad nature of some these provisions. Many of these complex laws raise issues that have not been clearly interpreted by the relevant governmental authorities and courts and are subject to change. In addition, federal and state governments are devoting increasing attention and resources to anti-fraud investigations and initiatives against healthcare providers, and provide for, among other things, claims to be filed by qui tam relators. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement — Fraud and Abuse. The violation by an operator of any of these extensive laws or regulations, including the Anti-kickback Statute, False Claims Act and the Stark Law, could result in the imposition of criminal fines and imprisonment, civil monetary penalties, and exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid and all other federal and state healthcare programs. Such fines or penalties, in addition to expending considerable resources responding to an investigation or enforcement action, could adversely affect an operator’s financial position and jeopardize an operator’s ability to make lease or mortgage payments to us or to continue operating its facility. Additionally, many states have adopted or are considering legislative proposals similar to the federal anti-fraud and abuse laws, some of which extend beyond the Medicare and Medicaid programs to private or other third-party payors, to prohibit the payment or receipt of remuneration for the referral of patients and physician self-referrals, regardless of whether the service was reimbursed by Medicare or Medicaid. Healthcare providers and facilities may also experience an increase in medical record reviews from a host of government agencies and contractors, including the HHS Office of the Inspector General, the Department of Justice, Zone Program Integrity Contractors, and Recovery Audit Contractors. Privacy Laws. Our operators are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations designed to protect the privacy and security of patient health information, including HIPAA, among others. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement — Privacy. These laws and regulations require our operators to expend the requisite resources to protect the including the funding of costs confidentiality and security of patient health information, 24 • • associated with operational and technology upgrades. Operators found in violation of HIPAA or any other privacy or security law may face significant monetary penalties. In addition, a breach of unsecured protected health information could cause reputational harm to an operator’s business in addition to a material adverse effect on the operator’s financial position and cash flows. Other Laws. Other federal, state and local laws and regulations affect how our operators conduct their operations. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement — Other Laws and Regulations. We cannot predict the effect that the costs of complying with these laws may have on the revenues of our operators, and thus their ability to meet their obligations to us. Legislative and Regulatory Developments. Each year, legislative and regulatory proposals are introduced at the federal, state and local levels that, if adopted, would result in major changes to the healthcare system. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement in addition to the other risk factors set forth below. We cannot accurately predict whether any proposals will be adopted, and if adopted, what effect (if any) these proposals would have on our operators or our business. If we fail to effectively implement or appropriately adjust our operational and strategic initiatives with respect to the implementation of new laws and regulations, or do not do so as effectively as our competitors, our results of operations may be materially adversely affected. Changes to, or repeal of, the Healthcare Reform Law could materially and adversely affect our business and financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Even if the Healthcare Reform Law is not amended or repealed, changes impacting implementation of the Healthcare Reform Law, could materially and adversely affect our financial position or operations. However, the ultimate content, timing or effect of any potential future legislation cannot be predicted. Alternative payment models require certain changes to reimbursement and studies of reimbursement policies that may adversely affect payments to SNFs. Alternative payment models, as well as other legislative initiatives included in the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 and other laws introduced by Congress, have the potential to affect Medicare payments to SNFs, including, but not limited to, provisions changing the payment methodology, setting reimbursement caps, implementing value-based purchasing and payment bundling, and studying the appropriateness of restrictions on payments for health care acquired conditions. Several commercial payors have expressed an intent to pursue certain value-based purchasing models and initiatives. These provisions Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and are Reimbursement — Healthcare Reform, Reimbursement Generally, and Medicare. Although we cannot accurately predict the extent to which or how such provisions may be implemented, or the effect any such implementation would have on our operators or our business, these provisions could result in decreases in payments to our operators, increase our operators’ costs or otherwise adversely affect the results of operations or financial condition of our operators, thereby negatively impacting their ability to meet their obligations to us. implementation. See in various stages of The Healthcare Reform Law imposes additional requirements on SNFs regarding compliance and disclosure. The Healthcare Reform Law requires SNFs to have a compliance and ethics program that is effective in preventing and detecting criminal, civil and administrative violations and in promoting quality of care. HHS included in Final Rule published on October 4, 2016 the requirement for operators to implement a compliance and ethics program as a condition of participation in Medicare and Medicaid. Long-term care facilities, including SNFs, have until November 28, 2019 to comply. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement — Reform Requirements for Long-Term Care Facilities for a further discussion of the reform requirements set forth in the Final Rule. If our operators fall short in their compliance and ethics programs and quality assurance and performance improvement programs, if and when required, their reputations and ability to attract residents could be adversely affected. Our operators depend on reimbursement from governmental and other third-party payors, and reimbursement rates from such payors may be reduced or modified. Changes in the reimbursement rate or methods of payment from third-party payors, including the Medicare and Medicaid programs, or the implementation of other measures to reduce reimbursements for 25 services provided by our operators has in the past, and could in the future, result in a substantial reduction in our operators’ revenues and operating margins. Additionally, reimbursement from governmental and other third party payors could be reduced as part of retroactive adjustments during claims settlement processes or as result of post-payment audits. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement — Reimbursement Generally, Medicaid, and Medicare. We currently believe that our operator coverage ratios are adequate and that our operators can absorb moderate reimbursement rate reductions and still meet their obligations to us. However, significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed and on reimbursement rates, as well as changes in reimbursement policies or other measures altering payment methodologies for services provided by our operators, could have a material adverse effect on our operators’ results of operations and financial condition, which could cause the revenues of our operators to decline and negatively impact their ability to meet their obligations to us. Additionally, net revenue realizable under third-party payor agreements can change after examination and retroactive adjustment by payors during the claims settlement processes or as a result of post-payment audits. Payors may disallow requests for reimbursement based on determinations that certain costs are not reimbursable or reasonable, additional documentation is necessary or certain services were not covered or were not medically necessary. New legislative and regulatory proposals could impose further limitations on government and private payments to healthcare providers. In some cases, states have enacted or are considering enacting measures designed to reduce Medicaid expenditures and to make changes to private healthcare insurance. We cannot make any assurances that adequate third-party payor reimbursement levels will continue to be available for the services provided by our operators. Government spending cuts or modifications could lead to a reduction in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement. Approved or proposed cost-containment measures, spending cuts and tax reform initiatives have resulted or could result in changes (including substantial reductions in funding) to Medicare, Medicaid or Medicare Advantage Plans. Any such federal legislation that reduces reimbursement payments to healthcare providers could have a material adverse effect on certain of our operators’ liquidity, financial condition or results of operations, which could adversely affect their ability to satisfy their obligations to us and could have a material adverse effect on us. Additionally, as a result of state budget crises and financial shortfalls, many states are focusing on the reduction of expenditures under their Medicaid programs, which may result in a freeze on Medicaid rates or a reduction in reimbursement rates for our operators. See Item 1. Business — Government Regulation and Reimbursement — Reimbursement Generally, Medicaid, and Medicare. These potential reductions could be compounded by the potential for federal cost-cutting efforts that could lead to reductions in reimbursement to our operators under both the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Potential reductions in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement to our operators could reduce the cash flow of our operators and their ability to make rent or mortgage payments to us. The need to control Medicaid expenditures may be exacerbated by the potential for increased enrollment in Medicaid due to unemployment and declines in family incomes. Medicaid enrollment may continue to increase in the future, as the Healthcare Reform Law allowed states to increase the number of people who are eligible for Medicaid in 2014. Since our operators’ profit margins on Medicaid patients are generally relatively low, more than modest reductions in Medicaid reimbursement and an increase in the number of Medicaid patients could place some operators in financial distress, which in turn could adversely affect us. If funding for Medicare and/or Medicaid is reduced, it could have a material adverse effect on our operators’ results of operations and financial condition, which could adversely affect our operators’ ability to meet their obligations to us. We may be unable to find a replacement operator for one or more of our leased properties. From time to time, we may need to find a replacement operator for one or more of our leased properties for a variety of reasons, including upon the expiration of the lease term or the occurrence of an operator default. During any period in which we are attempting to locate one or more replacement operators, there could be a decrease or cessation of rental payments on the applicable property or properties. We cannot assure you that any of our current or future operators will elect to renew their respective leases with us upon expiration of the terms thereof. Similarly, we cannot assure you that we will be able to locate a suitable replacement operator or, if we are successful in locating a replacement operator, 26 that the rental payments from the new operator would not be significantly less than the existing rental payments. Our ability to locate a suitable replacement operator may be significantly delayed or limited by various state licensing, receivership, certificate of need or other laws, as well as by Medicare and Medicaid change-of-ownership rules. We also may incur substantial additional expenses in connection with any such licensing, receivership or change-of-ownership proceedings. Any such delays, limitations and expenses could materially delay or impact our ability to collect rent, obtain possession of leased properties or otherwise exercise remedies for default. Our operators may be subject to significant legal actions that could result in their increased operating costs and substantial uninsured liabilities, which may affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. Our operators may be subject to claims for damages relating to the services that they provide. We can give no assurance that the insurance coverage maintained by our operators will cover all claims made against them or continue to be available at a reasonable cost, if at all. In some states, insurance coverage for the risk of punitive damages arising from professional and general liability claims and/or litigation may not, in certain cases, be available to operators due to state law prohibitions or limitations of availability. As a result, our operators operating in these states may be liable for punitive damage awards that are either not covered or are in excess of their insurance policy limits. While we are unable to predict the scope of future federal, state and local regulations and legislation, including the Medicare and Medicaid statutes and regulations we believe that there has been, and will continue to be, an increase in governmental investigations of long-term care providers, particularly in the area of Medicare/Medicaid false claims, as well as an increase in the intensity of enforcement actions resulting from these investigations. Insurance is not available to our operators to cover such losses. Any adverse determination in a legal proceeding or governmental investigation, whether currently asserted or arising in the future, could have a material adverse effect on an operator’s financial condition. If an operator is unable to obtain or maintain insurance coverage, if judgments are obtained in excess of the insurance coverage, if an operator is required to pay uninsured punitive damages, or if an operator is subject to an uninsurable government enforcement action, the operator could be exposed to substantial additional liabilities. Such liabilities could adversely affect the operator’s ability to meet its obligations to us, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, we may in some circumstances be named as a defendant in litigation involving the services provided by our operators. Although we generally have no involvement in the services provided by our operators, and our standard lease agreements and loan agreements generally require our operators to indemnify us and carry insurance to cover us in certain cases, a significant judgment against us in such litigation could exceed our and our operators’ insurance coverage, which would require us to make payments to cover the judgment. Increased competition as well as increased operating costs result in lower revenues for some of our operators and may affect the ability of our operators to meet their obligations to us. The long-term healthcare industry is highly competitive and we expect that it may become more competitive in the future. Our operators are competing with numerous other companies providing similar healthcare services or alternatives such as home health agencies, life care at home, community-based service programs, retirement communities and convalescent centers. Our operators compete on a number of different levels including the quality of care provided, reputation, the physical appearance of a facility, price, the range of services offered, family preference, alternatives for healthcare delivery, the supply of competing properties, physicians, staff, referral sources, location and the size and demographics of the population in the surrounding areas. We cannot be certain that the operators of all of our facilities will be able to achieve occupancy and rate levels that will enable them to meet all of their obligations to us. Our operators may encounter increased competition in the future that could limit their ability to attract residents or expand their businesses and therefore affect their ability to pay their lease or mortgage payments. In addition, the market for qualified nurses, healthcare professionals and other key personnel is highly competitive and our operators may experience difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. Increases in labor costs due to higher wages and greater benefits required to attract and retain qualified 27 healthcare personnel incurred by our operators could affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. This situation could be particularly acute in certain states that have enacted legislation establishing minimum staffing requirements. We may be unable to successfully foreclose on the collateral securing our mortgage loans, and even if we are successful in our foreclosure efforts, we may be unable to successfully find a replacement operator, or operate or occupy the underlying real estate, which may adversely affect our ability to recover our investments. If an operator defaults under one of our mortgage loans, we may foreclose on the loan or otherwise protect our interest by acquiring title to the property. In such a scenario, we may be required to make substantial improvements or repairs to maximize the facility’s investment potential. Operators may contest enforcement of foreclosure or other remedies, seek bankruptcy protection against our exercise of enforcement or other remedies and/or bring claims for lender liability in response to actions to enforce mortgage obligations. Even if we are able to successfully foreclose on the collateral securing our mortgage loans, we may be unable to expeditiously find a replacement operator, if at all, or otherwise successfully operate or occupy the property, which could adversely affect our ability to recover our investment. Uninsured losses or losses in excess of our operators’ insurance coverage could adversely affect our financial position and our cash flow. Under the terms of our leases, our operators are required to maintain comprehensive general liability, fire, flood, earthquake, boiler and machinery, nursing home or long-term care professional liability and extended coverage insurance with respect to our properties with policy specifications, limits and deductibles set forth in the leases or other written agreements between us and the operator. However, our properties may be adversely affected by casualty losses which exceed insurance coverages and reserves. In addition, we cannot provide any assurances that our tenants will maintain the required coverages, that we will continue to require the same levels of insurance under our leases, or that such insurance will be available at a reasonable cost in the future or that the policies maintained will fully cover all losses on our properties upon the occurrence of a catastrophic event. We also cannot make any guaranty as to the future financial viability of the insurers that underwrite the policies maintained by our tenants, or, alternatively if our tenants utilize captive or self-insurance programs, that such programs will be adequately funded. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose both our investment in, and anticipated profits and cash flows from, the property. Even if it were practicable to restore the property to its condition prior to the damage caused by a major casualty, the operations of the affected property would likely be suspended for a considerable period of time. In the event of any substantial loss affecting a property, disputes over insurance claims could arise. Our development and redevelopment projects may not yield anticipated returns. We consider and, when appropriate, invest in various development and redevelopment projects. In deciding whether to make an investment in a particular project, we make certain assumptions regarding the expected future performance of the property. Our assumptions are subject to risks generally associated with development and redevelopment projects, including, among others, that: • • • • Our operators may not be able to complete the project on schedule or within budgeted amounts; Our operators may encounter delays in obtaining or fail to obtain all necessary zoning, land use, building, occupancy, environmental and other governmental permits and authorizations, or underestimate the costs necessary to develop or redevelop the property to market standards; Volatility in the price of construction materials or labor may increase project costs; The builders may fail to perform or satisfy the expectations of our operators; • We may incorrectly forecast risks associated with development in new geographic regions; • • Demand for our project may decrease prior to completion, due to competition from other developments; and New facilities may take longer than expected to reach stabilized operating levels, if at all. 28 If any of the risks described above occur, our development and redevelopment projects may not yield anticipated returns, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Risks Related to Us and Our Operations We rely on external sources of capital to fund future capital needs, and if we encounter difficulty in obtaining such capital, we may not be able to make future investments necessary to grow our business or meet maturing commitments. To qualify as a REIT under the Code, we are required to, among other things, distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income each year to our stockholders. Because of this distribution requirement, we may not be able to fund, from cash retained from operations, all future capital needs, including capital needed to make investments and to satisfy or refinance maturing commitments. As a result, we rely on external sources of capital, including debt and equity financing. If we are unable to obtain needed capital at all or only on unfavorable terms from these sources, we might not be able to make the investments needed to grow our business, or to meet our obligations and commitments as they mature, which could negatively affect the ratings of our debt and even, in extreme circumstances, affect our ability to continue operations. Our access to capital depends upon a number of factors over which we have little or no control, including the performance of the national and global economies generally; competition in the healthcare industry; issues facing the healthcare industry, including regulations and government reimbursement policies; our operators’ operating costs; the ratings of our debt securities; the market’s perception of our growth potential; the market value of our properties; our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions; and the market price of the shares of our capital stock. While we currently have sufficient cash flow from operations to fund our obligations and commitments, we may not be in a position to take advantage of future investment opportunities in the event that we are unable to access the capital markets on a timely basis or we are only able to obtain financing on unfavorable terms. Our ability to raise capital through equity sales is dependent, in part, on the market price of our common stock, and our failure to meet market expectations with respect to our business could negatively impact the market price of our common stock and availability of equity capital. As with other publicly-traded companies, the availability of equity capital will depend, in part, on the market price of our common stock which, in turn, will depend upon various market conditions and other factors that may change from time to time including: • • • • • • • • • the extent of investor interest; the general reputation of REITs and the attractiveness of their equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate-based companies; the financial performance of us and our operators; concentrations in our investment portfolio by tenant and facility type; concerns about our tenants’ financial condition due to uncertainty regarding reimbursement from governmental and other third-party payor programs; analyst reports on us and the REIT industry in general; general stock and bond market conditions, including changes in interest rates on fixed income securities, which may lead prospective purchasers of our common stock to demand a higher annual yield from future distributions; our failure to maintain or increase our dividend, which is dependent, to a large part, on the increase in funds from operations, which in turn depends upon increased revenues from additional investments and rental increases; and other factors such as governmental regulatory action and changes in REIT tax laws. 29 The market value of the equity securities of a REIT is generally based upon the market’s perception of the REIT’s growth potential and its current and potential future earnings and cash distributions. Our failure to meet the market’s expectation with regard to future earnings and cash distributions would likely adversely affect the market price of our common stock and, as a result, the availability of equity capital to us. We are subject to risks associated with debt financing, which could negatively impact our business and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and to repay maturing debt. The financing required to make future investments and satisfy maturing commitments may be provided by borrowings under our credit facilities, private or public offerings of debt or equity, the assumption of secured indebtedness, mortgage financing on a portion of our owned portfolio or through joint ventures. To the extent we must obtain debt financing from external sources to fund our capital requirements, we cannot guarantee such financing will be available on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, if we are unable to refinance or extend principal payments due at maturity or pay them with proceeds from other capital transactions, our cash flow may not be sufficient to make distributions to our stockholders and repay our maturing debt. Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates, changes in our debt ratings or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase, which could reduce our profitability and the amount of dividends we are able to pay. Moreover, additional debt financing increases the amount of our leverage. The degree of leverage could have important consequences to stockholders, including affecting our investment grade ratings and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future, and making us more vulnerable to a downturn in our results of operations or the economy generally. The interest rate of our credit facilities, term loan facilities and derivatives contracts are priced using LIBOR. London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) is the basic rate of interest used in lending between banks on the London interbank market and is widely used as a reference for setting the interest rate on loans globally. We typically use LIBOR as a reference rate in credit facilities, term loan facilities and derivative contracts. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. It is unclear if at that time whether or not LIBOR will cease to exist at that time (and if so, what reference rate will replace it) or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established such that it continues to exist after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to LIBOR for use in financial and other derivatives contracts that are currently indexed to LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to financial and other derivative contracts exposed to LIBOR. We have material borrowing contracts that are indexed to LIBOR. At this time, we cannot predict the future impact of a departure from LIBOR as a reference rate, however, if future rates based upon the successor reference rate (or a new method of calculating LIBOR) are higher than LIBOR rates as currently determined, we may be adversely impacted. We may be subject to additional risks in connection with our recent and future acquisitions of long-term care facilities. We may be subject to additional risks in connection with our recent and future acquisitions of long-term care facilities, including but not limited to the following: • • our limited prior business experience with certain of the operators of the facilities we have recently acquired or may acquire in the future; including unfavorable terms and the facilities may underperform due to various factors, conditions of the lease agreements that we assume, disruptions caused by the management of the operators of the facilities or changes in economic conditions impacting the facilities and/or the operators; 30 • • • diversion of our management’s attention away from other business concerns; exposure to any undisclosed or unknown potential liabilities relating to the facilities; and potential underinsured losses on the facilities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage our recently acquired or future new facilities without encountering difficulties or that any such difficulties will not have a material adverse effect on us. Our assets may be subject to impairment charges. We periodically, but not less than annually, evaluate our real estate investments and other assets for impairment indicators. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as market conditions, operator performance and legal structure. If we determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we are required to make an adjustment to the net carrying value of the asset, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We may not be able to sell certain closed facilities for their book value. From time to time, we close facilities and actively market such facilities for sale. To the extent we are unable to sell these properties for our book value, we may be required to take a non-cash impairment charge or loss on the sale, either of which would reduce our net income. Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition. We have a material amount of indebtedness and we may increase our indebtedness in the future. Our level and type of indebtedness could have important consequences for our stockholders. For example, it could: • • • • • • • • • increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions; limit our ability to borrow additional funds, on satisfactory terms or at all, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our business plan or other general corporate purposes; increase our cost of borrowing; require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes; limit our ability to make material acquisitions or take advantage of business opportunities that may arise; limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, which may cause us to lose our qualification as a REIT under the Code or to become subject to federal corporate income tax on any REIT taxable income that we do not distribute; expose us to fluctuations in interest rates, to the extent our borrowings bear variable rates of interest; limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; and place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt. Further, we have the ability to incur substantial additional debt, including secured debt. If we incur additional debt, the related risks described above could intensify. In addition, if we are unable to refinance any of our floating rate debt, we would continue to be subject to interest rate risk. The short-term nature of some of our debt also subjects us to the risk that market conditions may be unfavorable or may prevent us 31 from refinancing our debt at or prior to their existing maturities. In addition, our cash flow from operations may not be sufficient to repay all of our outstanding debt as it becomes due, and we may not be able to borrow money, sell assets or otherwise raise funds on acceptable terms, if at all, to refinance our debt. Covenants in our debt documents limit our operational flexibility, and a covenant breach could materially adversely affect our operations. The terms of our credit agreements and note indentures require us to comply with a number of customary financial and other covenants that may limit our management’s discretion by restricting our ability to, among other things, incur additional debt, redeem our capital stock, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, pay dividends and make other distributions, make investments and other restricted payments, engage in mergers and consolidations, create liens, sell assets or engage in new lines of business. In addition, our credit facilities require us to maintain compliance with specified financial covenants, including those relating to maximum total leverage, maximum secured leverage, maximum unsecured leverage, minimum fixed charge coverage, minimum consolidated tangible net worth, minimum unsecured debt yield, minimum unsecured interest coverage and maximum distributions. Any additional financing we may obtain could contain similar or more restrictive covenants. Our continued ability to incur indebtedness, conduct our operations, and take advantage of business opportunities as they arise is subject to compliance with these financial and other covenants. Breaches of these covenants could result in defaults in addition to any other indebtedness under the instruments governing the applicable indebtedness, cross-defaulted against such instruments. Any such breach could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are subject to particular risks associated with real estate ownership, which could result in unanticipated losses or expenses. Our business is subject to many risks that are associated with the ownership of real estate. For example, if our operators do not renew their leases, we may be unable to re-lease the facilities at favorable rental rates, if at all. Other risks that are associated with real estate acquisition and ownership include, without limitation, the following: • • • • • • • • general liability, property and casualty losses, some of which may be uninsured; the inability to purchase or sell our assets rapidly to respond to changing economic conditions, due to the illiquid nature of real estate and the real estate market; leases that are not renewed or are renewed at lower rental amounts at expiration; contingent rent escalators tied to changes in the Consumer Price Index or other parameters; the exercise of purchase options by operators resulting in a reduction of our rental revenue; costs relating to maintenance and repair of our facilities and the need to make expenditures due to changes in governmental regulations, including the Americans with Disabilities Act; environmental hazards created by prior owners or occupants, existing tenants, mortgagors or other persons for which we may be liable; and acts of God or terrorism affecting our properties. Our real estate investments are relatively illiquid. Real estate investments are relatively illiquid and generally cannot be sold quickly. The real estate market is affected by many factors which are beyond our control, including general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and supply and demand. Additional factors that are specific to our industry also tend to limit our ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. For example, all of our properties are “special purpose” properties that cannot be readily converted into general residential, retail or office use. In addition, transfers of operations of nursing homes and other healthcare-related facilities are subject to extensive regulatory approvals. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length 32 of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property, or that we will have funds available to make necessary repairs and improvements to a property held for sale. To the extent we are unable to sell any properties for our book value, we may be required to take a non-cash impairment charge or loss on the sale, either of which would reduce our net income. As an owner or lender with respect to real property, we may be exposed to possible environmental liabilities. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner of real property or a secured lender may be liable in certain circumstances for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of, or related releases of, certain hazardous or toxic substances at, under or disposed of in connection with such property, as well as certain other potential costs relating to hazardous or toxic substances, including government fines and damages for injuries to persons and adjacent property. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence or disposal of such substances. As a result, liability may be imposed on the owner in connection with the activities of an operator of the property. The cost of any required investigation, remediation, removal, fines or personal or property damages and the owner’s liability therefore could exceed the value of the property and/or the assets of the owner. In addition, the presence of such substances, or the failure to properly dispose of or remediate such substances, may adversely affect an operators’ ability to attract additional residents and our ability to sell or rent such property or to borrow using such property as collateral which, in turn, could negatively impact our revenues. Although our leases and mortgage loans generally require the lessee and the mortgagor to indemnify us for certain environmental liabilities, the scope of such obligations may be limited. For instance, most of our leases do not require the lessee to indemnify us for environmental liabilities arising before the lessee took possession of the premises. Further, we cannot assure you that any such mortgagor or lessee would be able to fulfill its indemnification obligations to us. The industry in which we operate is highly competitive. Increasing investor interest in our sector and consolidation at the operator level or REIT level could increase competition and reduce our profitability. Our business is highly competitive and we expect that it may become more competitive in the future. We compete for healthcare facility investments with other healthcare investors, including other REITs, some of which have greater resources and lower costs of capital than we do. Increased competition makes it more challenging for us to identify and successfully capitalize on opportunities that meet our business goals. If we cannot capitalize on our development pipeline, identify and purchase a sufficient quantity of healthcare facilities at favorable prices, or are unable to finance such acquisitions on commercially favorable terms, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if our cost of capital should increase relative to the cost of capital of our competitors, the spread that we realize on our investments may decline if competitive pressures limit or prevent us from charging higher lease or mortgage rates. We may be named as defendants in litigation arising out of professional liability and general liability claims relating to our previously owned and operated facilities that if decided against us, could adversely affect our financial condition. We and several of our wholly owned subsidiaries were named as defendants in professional liability and general liability claims related to our owned and operated facilities prior to 2005. Other third-party managers responsible for the day-to-day operations of these facilities were also named as defendants in these claims. In these suits, patients of certain previously owned and operated facilities have alleged significant damages, including punitive damages, against the defendants. Although all of these prior suits have been settled, we or our affiliates could be named as defendants in similar suits in the future. There can be no assurance that we would be successful in our defense of such potential matters or in asserting our claims against various managers of the subject facilities or that the amount of any settlement or judgment would be substantially covered by insurance or that any punitive damages will be covered by insurance. Our charter and bylaws contain significant anti-takeover provisions which could delay, defer or prevent a change in control or other transactions that could provide our stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common stock. Our charter and bylaws contain various procedural and other requirements which could make it difficult for stockholders to effect certain corporate actions. Our Board of Directors (“Board”) has the 33 authority to issue additional shares of preferred stock and to fix the preferences, rights and limitations of the preferred stock without stockholder approval. In addition, our charter contains limitations on the ownership of our capital stock intended to ensure we continue to meet the requirements for qualification as a REIT. These provisions could discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of us, which could adversely affect the market price of our securities and/or result in the delay, deferral or prevention of a change in control or other transactions that could provide our stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common stock. Ownership of property outside the U.S. may subject us to different or greater risks than those associated with our U.S. investments. We have investments in the U.K., and may from time to time may seek to acquire other properties in the U.K. or otherwise outside the U.S. Although we currently have investments in the U.K., we have limited experience investing in healthcare properties or other real estate-related assets located outside the U.S. International development, investment, ownership and operating activities involve risks that are different from those we face with respect to our U.S. properties and operations. These risks include, but are not limited to, any international currency gain recognized with respect to changes in exchange rates may not qualify under the 75.0% gross income test or the 95.0% gross income test that we must satisfy annually in order to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT; challenges with respect to the repatriation of foreign earnings and cash; changes in foreign political, regulatory, and economic conditions, including regionally, nationally, and locally; challenges in managing international operations; challenges of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations, including those relating to real estate, corporate governance, operations, taxes, employment and legal proceedings; foreign ownership restrictions with respect to operations in countries; diminished ability to legally enforce our contractual rights in foreign countries; differences in lending practices and the willingness of domestic or foreign lenders to provide financing; regional or country-specific business cycles and economic instability; and changes in applicable laws and regulations in the U.S. that affect foreign operations. In addition, we have limited investing experience in international markets. If we are unable to successfully manage the risks associated with international expansion and operations, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. We may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Our ownership of properties in the U.K. currently subjects us to fluctuations in the exchange rates between U.S. dollars and the British pound, which may, from time to time, impact our financial condition and results of operations. If we continue to expand our international presence through investments in, or acquisitions or development of healthcare assets outside the U.S. or the U.K., we may transact business in other foreign currencies. Although we may pursue hedging alternatives, including borrowing in local currencies, to protect against foreign currency fluctuations, we cannot assure you that such fluctuations will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Economic and other conditions that negatively affect states in which a greater percentage of our investments are located could adversely affect our financial results. At December 31, 2018, the three states in which we had our highest concentration of investments were Florida (10%), Texas (10%) and Michigan (8%). As a result, we are subject to increased exposure to adverse conditions affecting these regions, including unfavorable Medicaid reimbursements rates for SNFs, downturns in the local economies, local real estate conditions, increased competition or decreased demand for our facilities, regional climate events, and unfavorable legislative or regulatory developments, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. The acquisition of MedEquities will increase the percentage of our investments in Texas, thereby increasing the impact of regulatory or other conditions in Texas on our portfolio. The vote by the U.K. to leave the European Union could adversely affect us. The United Kingdom’s (“U.K.”) referendum on withdrawal from the European Union (“E.U.”) on June 23, 2016 (referred to as “Brexit”), and subsequent notification of the U.K.’s intention to withdraw from the E.U. given on March 29, 2017, have adversely impacted global markets and foreign currencies. In 34 particular, the value of the Pound Sterling has sharply declined as compared to the U.S. Dollar and other currencies. This volatility in foreign currencies is expected to continue as the U.K. negotiates and executes its exit from the E.U., but there is uncertainty over what time period this will occur. A significantly weaker Pound Sterling compared to the U.S. Dollar could have a significant negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The decrease in value to the Pound Sterling and the impacts across global markets and foreign currencies may influence trends in consumer confidence and discretionary spending habits, but given the lack of precedent and uncertainty, it is unclear how Brexit will impact us. The intention to withdraw began a two-year negotiating period to establish the withdrawal terms. Even if no agreement is reached, the U.K.’s separation still becomes effective if either the U.K. passes legislation to withdraw its previous notification of its intent to withdraw or unless all E.U. members unanimously agree on an extension. Negotiations have commenced to determine the future terms of the U.K. relationship with the E.U., including, among other things, a transition period for implementation of the withdrawal and the terms of trade between the U.K. and the E.U. If no agreement is reached by March 19, 2019, the U.K.’s membership in the E.U. could terminate under a so-called “hard Brexit” although the U.K. Parliament recently voted on a non-binding measure indicating it did not support a “hard Brexit” outcome. The effects of Brexit will depend on many factors, including the nature of any agreements that the U.K. makes to retain access to E.U. single markets either during a transitional period or more permanently. Brexit could lead to legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the U.K. determines which E.U. laws to replace or replicate. In a “hard Brexit” scenario, there could be increased costs from re-imposition of tariffs on trade between the U.K. and E.U., shipping delays because of the need for customs inspections and procedures (which may be severe in the near term given the lack of infrastructure or preparedness for such inspections and procedures), and temporary shortages of certain goods. In addition, trade and investment between the U.K., the E.U., the United States and other countries will be impacted by the fact that the U.K. currently operates under the E.U.’s tax treaties. The U.K. will need to negotiate its own tax and trade treaties with countries all over the world, which could take years to complete. While we cannot anticipate the outcome of these future negotiations, effects could include uncertainty regarding tax exemptions and reliefs within the E.U., as well as expected changes in tariffs and tax laws or regulations which could materially and adversely affect our business, future business opportunities, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows. Our success depends in part on our ability to retain key personnel and our ability to attract or retain other qualified personnel. Our future performance depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our executive management team and other key employees. The loss of the services of our current executive management team could have an adverse impact on our operations. Although we have entered into employment agreements with the members of our executive management team, these agreements may not assure their continued service. In addition, our future success depends, in part, on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain other qualified personnel. Competition for qualified employees is intense, and we compete for qualified employees with companies with greater financial resources. Our failure to successfully attract, hire, retain and train the people we need would significantly impede our ability to implement our business strategy. Failure to properly manage and integrate our rapid growth could distract our management or increase our expenses. We have experienced rapid growth and development in a relatively short period of time and expect to continue this rapid growth in the future. This growth has resulted in increased levels of responsibility for our management. Future acquisitions or investments could place significant additional demands on, and require us to expand, our management, resources and personnel. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to adapt our administrative, accounting and operational systems to integrate and manage the long-term care facilities we have acquired or may acquire in a timely manner. Our failure to manage any such rapid growth effectively could harm our business and, in particular, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, which could negatively affect our ability to make distributions to stockholders and the trading price of our common stock. Our growth could also increase our capital requirements, which may require us to issue potentially dilutive equity securities and incur additional debt. 35 We rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of that technology could harm our business. We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records, personal identifying information, tenant and lease data. We purchase some of our information technology from vendors, on whom our systems depend. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of confidential tenant and other customer information, such as individually identifiable information, including information relating to financial accounts. Although we have taken steps to protect the security of our information systems and the data maintained in those systems, it is possible that our safety and security measures will not be able to prevent the systems’ improper functioning or damage, or the improper access or disclosure of personally identifiable information such as in the event of cyber-attacks. Security breaches, including physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers and similar breaches, can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our information systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price. We are required to provide a report by management on internal control over financial reporting, including management’s assessment of the effectiveness of such control. Changes to our business will necessitate ongoing changes to our internal control systems and processes. Internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements due to inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Therefore, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, including any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely harmed, we could fail to meet our reporting obligations and there could be a material adverse effect on our stock price. Our primary assets are the units of partnership interest in Omega OP and, as a result, we will depend on distributions from Omega OP to pay dividends and expenses. The Company is a holding company and has no material assets other than units of partnership interest in Omega OP. We intend to cause the Partnership to make distributions to its partners, including the Company, in an amount sufficient to allow us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and to pay all of our expenses. To the extent we need funds and the Partnership is restricted from making distributions under applicable law or otherwise, or if the Partnership is otherwise unable to provide such funds, the failure to make such distributions could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition. Members of our management and Board are holders of units of partnership interest in Omega OP, and their interests may differ from those of our public stockholders. Some members of our management and Board hold partnership interest in Omega OP. Those unitholders may have conflicting interests with holders of the Company’s common stock. For example, such unitholders of Omega OP Units may have different tax positions from the Company or holders of our common stock, which could influence their decisions in their capacities as members of management regarding whether and when to dispose of assets, whether and when to incur new or refinance existing indebtedness and how to structure future transactions. 36 Risks Related to Taxation If we fail to maintain our REIT status, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We were organized to qualify for taxation as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. See Item 1. Business — Taxation of Omega. We believe that we have operated in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code and intend to continue to operate in a manner that will maintain our qualification as a REIT. Qualification as a REIT involves the satisfaction of numerous requirements, some on an annual and some on a quarterly basis, established under highly technical and complex provisions of the Code for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations and involve the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. We cannot assure that we will at all times satisfy these rules and tests. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, as a result of a determination that we failed to meet the annual distribution requirement or otherwise, we would be subject to federal income tax, including, with respect to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates with respect to each such taxable year for which the statute of limitations remains open. Moreover, unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost. This treatment would significantly reduce our net earnings and cash flow because of our additional tax liability for the years involved, which could significantly impact our financial condition. We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders to maintain our REIT status. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or do distribute at least 90%, but less than 100% of our “REIT taxable income,” as adjusted, we will be subject to tax thereon at regular ordinary and capital gain corporate tax rates. As a result of all these factors, our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and would substantially reduce our ability to make distributions to you. Even if we remain qualified as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow. Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for the payment of our debt obligations. In addition, to meet REIT qualification requirements, we may hold some of our non-healthcare assets through taxable REIT subsidiaries or other subsidiary corporations that will be subject to corporate level income tax at regular rates. Qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code and complying with REIT requirements may affect our profitability. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of technical and intricate Code provisions. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the nature and diversification of our assets, the sources of our income and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. Thus, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments from our portfolio, or be unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise advantageous to us, to satisfy the asset and income tests or to qualify under certain statutory relief provisions. We may also be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution (e.g., if we have assets which generate mismatches between taxable income and available cash). Having to comply with the distribution requirement could cause us to: (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions; (ii) borrow on unfavorable terms; or (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt. As a result, satisfying the REIT requirements could have an adverse effect on our business results and profitability. 37 There is a risk of changes in the tax law applicable to REITs. The IRS, the United States Treasury Department and Congress frequently review U.S. federal income tax legislation, regulations and other guidance. We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted. Any legislative action may prospectively or retroactively modify our tax treatment and, therefore, may adversely affect taxation of us, our properties, or our shareholders. In particular, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017, and generally takes effect for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018 (subject to certain exceptions). The Tax Act resulted in the broadest rewrite of the Code since 1986 and will have a broad impact across industries and taxpayers, including REITs and their shareholders. These changes will impact us and our shareholders in various ways (as further described below), some of which are adverse or potentially adverse compared to prior law. The IRS has issued limited guidance with respect to the provisions of the Tax Act, and there are numerous interpretive issues that will require guidance. It is likely that technical corrections legislation will be needed to clarify certain aspects of the new law and give proper effect to Congressional intent. There can be no assurance, however, that technical clarifications or changes needed to prevent unintended or unforeseen tax consequences will be enacted by Congress in the near future. Certain provisions of the Tax Act could require us to increase our distributions to stockholders in order to maintain REIT status or to avoid entity-level taxes. There are a number of provisions included in the Tax Act that will impact the computation of our taxable income before the deduction for dividends paid to our shareholders (i.e., our undistributed taxable income), which likely will impact, favorably or unfavorably, the amount we will be required to distribute annually as dividends in order to maintain REIT status or avoid an entity-level liability for U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed taxable income. The provisions of the Tax Act likely to have the greatest impact on the computation of our undistributed taxable income are (i) the 30% limitation on the deduction for our interest expense, which limitation may be avoided if we elect to use the alternative depreciation system to depreciate our real property and qualified improvements thereto, ii) the provisions requiring revenue recognition in conformity with the Company’s applicable financial statements, (iii) the provisions allowing for full expensing of qualified property placed in service prior to 2022 (this deduction is reduced by 20% per year beginning in 2023), and (iv) limitations imposed on the deductibility of performance-based compensation paid to the principal executive and financial officers, and our next three (3) highest compensated officers. Other provisions that could have a lesser impact on our undistributed taxable income include, for example, additional limitations on the deductions for certain travel and entertainment expenses and lobbying expenses before local governmental bodies. To the extent that the deductibility of certain of our expenses is limited or the acceleration of revenue recognition is required by the Tax Act (as discussed above), there would be an increase in the amount we are required to distribute annually to our shareholders to avoid entity-level taxation but would not result in any corresponding increase in our cash available for distribution as dividends. On the other hand, depending on the manner in which the acquisition of property is financed, the full expensing rules could have the opposite impact — i.e., decreasing the amount we are required to distribute annually without any corresponding decrease in our cash available for distribution as dividends. The ultimate impact of the Tax Act may differ from our description herein due to changes in interpretations, as well as additional regulatory guidance that may be issued. Investors are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential impact of the Tax Act on the U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to investors based on their particular circumstances. Risks Related to Our Stock In addition to the risks related to our operators and our operations described above, the following are additional risks associated with our stock. 38 The market value of our stock could be substantially affected by various factors. Market volatility may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As with other publicly traded securities, the share price of our stock depends on many factors, which may change from time to time, including: • • • • • • • • • the market for similar securities issued by REITs; changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts with respect to us, our competitors or our industry; our ability to meet our guidance estimates or analysts’ estimates; prevailing interest rates; our credit rating; changes in legal and regulatory taxation obligations; litigation and regulatory proceedings; general economic and market conditions; and the financial condition, performance and prospects of us, our tenants and our competitors. Our issuance of additional capital stock, warrants or debt securities, whether or not convertible, may reduce the market price for our outstanding securities, including our common stock, and dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future sales of our capital stock, warrants or debt securities, or the availability of our securities for future sale, will have on the market price of our securities, including our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock or preferred shares, warrants or debt securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could negatively impact the market price of our stock and the terms upon which we may obtain additional equity financing in the future. Our Board has the authority to designate and issue preferred stock that may have dividend, liquidation and other rights that are senior to those of our common stock. In addition, we may issue additional capital stock in the future to raise capital or as a result of the following: • • • • • • the issuance and exercise of options to purchase our common stock or other equity awards under remuneration plans (we may also issue equity to our employees in lieu of cash bonuses or to our directors in lieu of director’s fees); the issuance of shares pursuant to our dividend reinvestment and direct stock purchase plan or at-the-market offerings; the issuance of debt securities exchangeable for our common stock; the exercise of warrants we may issue in the future; the issuance of warrants or other rights to acquire shares to current or future lenders in connection with providing financing; and the sales of securities convertible into our common stock. Any debt securities, preferred shares, warrants or other rights to acquire shares or convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common stock and may result in dilution to owners of our common stock. Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Our preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability pay dividends or other distributions to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other 39 factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk that our future offerings could reduce the per share trading price of our common stock and dilute their interest in us. Your ownership percentage in our company may be diluted in the future. In the future, your percentage ownership in us may be diluted because of equity issuances for acquisitions, capital market transactions or otherwise. We also anticipate that we will grant future compensatory equity-based incentive awards to directors, officers and employees who provide services to us. Such awards will have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, our charter authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designation, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our Board generally may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock. For example, we could grant the holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the occurrence of specified events, or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we could assign to shares of preferred stock could affect the residual value of the common stock. There are no assurances of our ability to pay dividends in the future. Our ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected upon the occurrence of any of the risks described herein. Our payment of dividends is subject to compliance with restrictions contained in our credit agreements, the indentures governing our senior notes and any preferred stock that our Board may from time to time designate and authorize for issuance. All dividends will be paid at the discretion of our Board and will depend upon our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT status and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant from time to time. There are no assurances of our ability to pay dividends in the future. In addition, our dividends in the past have included, and may in the future include, a return of capital. A downgrade of our credit rating could impair our ability to obtain additional debt financing on favorable terms, if at all, and significantly reduce the trading price of our common stock. If any rating agency downgrades our credit rating, or places our rating under watch or review for possible downgrade, then it may be more difficult or expensive for us to obtain additional debt financing, and the trading price of our common stock may decline. Factors that may affect our credit rating include, among other things, our financial performance, our success in raising sufficient equity capital, adverse changes in our debt and fixed charge coverage ratios, our capital structure and level of indebtedness and pending or future changes in the regulatory framework applicable to our operators and our industry. We cannot assure that these credit agencies will not downgrade our credit rating in the future. Risks Related to our Proposed Acquisition of MedEquities The consummation of the merger is subject to a number of conditions which, if not satisfied or waived, would adversely impact the parties’ ability to complete the merger. The merger, which is expected to be completed in the first half of 2019, is subject to certain closing conditions, including, among others: (i) the receipt by MedEquities of the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of MedEquities common stock; (ii) the absence of any law that prohibits, restrains, enjoins or makes illegal the consummation of the merger; (iii) the absence of any order by any court of competent jurisdiction that prevents, restrains or enjoins the consummation of the merger or the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; (iv) the receipt of certain legal opinions by Omega and MedEquities; and (v) other customary conditions specified in the Merger Agreement. 40 There can be no assurance these conditions will be satisfied or waived, if permitted. Therefore, there can be no assurance with respect to the timing of the closing of the merger, or that the merger will be completed at all. The pendency of the merger could adversely affect our business and operations. In connection with the pending merger, some of our tenants, operators, borrowers, managers or vendors or MedEquities tenants, operators, borrowers, managers or vendors may react unfavorably or delay or defer decisions concerning their business relationships or transactions with us or MedEquities, which could adversely affect our business, regardless of whether the merger is completed. In addition, due to certain restrictions in the Merger Agreement on the conduct of business prior to completing the merger, we may be unable (without the other prior written consent of MedEquities), during the pendency of the merger, to pursue strategic transactions, undertake significant capital projects, undertake certain significant financing transactions and otherwise pursue other actions, even if such actions would prove beneficial, and may cause us to forego certain opportunities we might otherwise pursue. The merger may not be accretive, and may be dilutive, to our earnings per share, which may negatively affect the market price of Omega common stock. Because shares of our common stock will be issued in the merger, it is possible that, although we expect the merger to be accretive to earnings per share in the first full year, excluding one-time charges, the merger may be dilutive to our earnings per share, which could negatively affect the market price of shares of our common stock. The issuance of shares of our common stock in the merger could have the effect of depressing the market price of shares of our common stock through dilution of earnings per share or otherwise. In addition, future events and conditions could decrease or delay the accretion that is currently expected, including adverse changes in market conditions, additional transaction and integration related costs and other factors such as the failure to realize some or all of the benefits anticipated in the merger. Any reduction in the expected accretion to our earnings per share could cause the price of shares of our common stock to decline or grow at a reduced rate. MedEquities may be the target of securities class action and derivative lawsuits that could result in substantial costs and may delay or prevent the merger from being completed. Securities class action lawsuits and derivative lawsuits are often brought against companies that have entered into merger agreements. Even if the lawsuits are without merit, defending against these claims can result in substantial costs and divert management time and resources. There can be no assurances as to the outcome of such lawsuits, including the amount of costs associated with defending these claims or any other liabilities that may be incurred in connection with the litigation of these claims. Additionally, if a plaintiff the merger on the in obtaining an injunction prohibiting consummation of agreed-upon terms, such an injunction may delay or prevent the merger from being completed, which may adversely affect Omega’s and MedEquities’ respective business, financial position and results of operation. is successful If the merger is not consummated by June 30, 2019, either MedEquities or Omega may terminate the merger agreement. Either MedEquities or Omega may terminate the merger agreement if the merger has not been consummated by June 30, 2019. However, this termination right will not be available to a party if that party failed to fulfill its obligations under the merger agreement and that failure was the cause of, or resulted in, the failure to consummate the merger. In the event the Merger Agreement is terminated Omega will have incurred significant costs and will have diverted significant management focus and resources from other strategic opportunities without realizing the anticipated benefits of the merger. 41 Following the merger, we may be unable to timely and successfully integrate the MedEquities business or realize the anticipated synergies and related benefits of the merger. The merger involves the combination of two companies that currently operate as independent public companies. We will be required to devote significant management attention and resources to integrating the portfolio and operations of MedEquities. Potential difficulties that we may encounter in the integration process include the following: • • • • • the inability to successfully combine MedEquities portfolio with ours in a manner that permits us to achieve the cost savings or other synergies or accretion anticipated to result from the merger, which would result in some anticipated benefits of the merger not being realized in the time frame currently anticipated, or at all; the inability to successfully realize the anticipated value from some of MedEquities’ assets; potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen increased expenses, delays or conditions in connection with the merger; and performance shortfalls at one or both of the diversion of management’s attention caused by completing the merger and integrating the companies’ operations. the companies as a result of it is possible that the integration process could result in the distraction of our management, the disruption of our ongoing business or inconsistencies in our operations, services, standards, controls, procedures and policies, any of which could adversely affect the ability of us to maintain relationships with tenants, vendors and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits of the merger, or could otherwise adversely affect our business and financial results. The market price of our common stock may decline as a result of the merger. The market price of our common stock may decline as a result of the merger for a number of reasons, including if we do not achieve the perceived benefits of the merger as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by financial or industry analysts, or the effect of the merger on our financial results is not consistent with the expectations of financial or industry analysts. In addition, if the merger is consummated, our stockholders, including the former MedEquities’ stockholders, will own interests in a company operating an expanded business with a different mix of properties, risks and liabilities. Our current stockholders and former stockholders of MedEquities may not wish to continue to invest in us if the merger is consummated, or for other reasons may wish to dispose of some or all of their shares of Omega common stock. If, following the consummation of the merger, there is selling pressure on our common stock that exceeds demand at the market price, the price of our common stock could decline. We may incur adverse tax consequences if MedEquities has failed or fails to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It is a condition to the obligation of Omega to complete the merger that we receive the written opinion of MedEquities’ legal counsel to the effect that, for all taxable periods from MedEquities’ formation through the merger effective time, MedEquities has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and its actual method of operation has enabled MedEquities to meet, through the merger effective time, the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. The opinion will be subject to customary exceptions, assumptions and qualifications and will be based on customary representations made by MedEquities, and if any such representations are or become inaccurate or incomplete, such opinion may be invalid and the conclusions reached therein could be jeopardized. In addition, the opinion will not be binding on the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or any court, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will not take a contrary position or that such position would not be sustained. If MedEquities has failed or fails to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and the merger is completed, Omega generally would succeed to and may if incur significant tax liabilities and Omega could possibly fail to qualify as a REIT. In addition, 42 MedEquities has failed or fails to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and the merger is completed, for the five-year period following the merger effective time, upon a taxable disposition of any of MedEquities’ assets, Omega generally would be subject to corporate level tax with respect to any gain in such asset at the time of the merger. Failure to complete the merger could have material adverse effects on us. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing of the merger will be satisfied or waived or that the merger will be completed. If the merger is not completed, the ongoing business of Omega could be adversely affected and we will be subject to a variety of risks associated with the failure to complete the merger, including the following: • • • Omega being required, under certain circumstances, to incur certain transaction costs, regardless of whether the merger closes; diversion of our management focus and resources from operational matters and other strategic opportunities while working to implement the merger; and the market price of shares of Omega common stock could decline to the extent that the current market price reflects, and is positively affected by, a market assumption that the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement will be completed. Item 1B — Unresolved Staff Comments None. 43 Item 2 — Properties At December 31, 2018, our real estate investments included long-term care facilities and rehabilitation hospital investments, in the form of (i) owned facilities that are leased to operators or their affiliates, (ii) investments in direct financing leases to operators or their affiliates and (iii) mortgages on facilities that are operated by the mortgagors or their affiliates. The properties are located in 41 states and the United Kingdom and are operated by 68 operators. We use the term “operator” to refer to our tenants and mortgagors and their affiliates who manage and/or operate our properties. In some cases, our tenants and mortgagors contract with a healthcare operator to operate the facilities. The following table summarizes our property investments as of December 31, 2018: Number of Operating Beds Number of Facilities Gross Real Estate Investment (in thousands) 1,210 6,444 4,909 4,793 3,399 6,458 5,113 4,606 4,226 1,899 2,484 4,112 2,100 3,382 1,747 1,268 2,137 1,899 1,257 992 544 1,648 1,299 864 624 1,201 385 952 884 887 635 542 573 167 971 703 389 813 570 623 161 331 67 214 217 162 14 58 44 42 35 59 57 44 34 37 21 35 17 32 22 11 28 15 18 18 6 14 17 10 4 8 3 10 9 12 4 8 3 16 11 7 3 9 6 5 2 2 3 3 2 1 $675,269 533,849 498,589 462,342 457,419 416,767 360,866 304,698 275,758 271,890 257,109 244,833 232,033 230,824 216,838 179,219 168,478 162,523 133,295 123,253 102,071 100,300 89,296 87,833 72,779 71,395 67,965 67,663 65,056 61,726 61,672 55,219 54,214 52,335 43,000 39,384 37,525 36,818 35,095 28,829 28,629 27,937 23,394 23,369 22,090 20,458 Investment Structure/Operator Operating Lease Facilities(1) Maplewood Real Estate Holdings, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agemo Holdings LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saber Health Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CommuniCare Health Services, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ciena Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis HealthCare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Daybreak Venture, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and Hospital Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diversicare Healthcare Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Healthcare Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf Coast Master Tenant I, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airamid Health Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S&F Management Company, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nexion Health, Inc. EmpRes Healthcare Group, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sun Mar Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guardian LTC Management, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fundamental Long Term Care Holding, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mission Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gold Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Affiliates of Capital Funding Group, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consulate Health Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trillium Healthcare Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Providence Group, Inc. Peregrine Health Services, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TenInOne Acquisition Group, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civitas Senior Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinon Management, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Focused Post Acute Care Partner II, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trinity HealthCare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sovran Management Company, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prestige Care, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lakeland Holding Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CareMeridian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reach LTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . StoneGate Senior Care LP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orianna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Administrative Services, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Swain/Herzog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wellington Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cardinal Care Management, Inc. Sava Senior Care, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physician’s Hospital Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fellowship Senior Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . International Equity Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lion Health Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Investment Structure/Operator Operating Lease Facilities(1) Transitions Healthcare, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orion Operating Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health Systems of Oklahoma LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington N&R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Care Initiatives, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preferred Care, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ensign Group, Inc. Markleysburg Healthcare Investors, LP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covenant Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Community Eldercare Services, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UltraCare Healthcare, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NuCare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMFM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sante Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southwest LTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HMS Holdings at Texarkana, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life Generations Healthcare, Inc. Hickory Creek Healthcare Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Safe Haven Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Closed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets Closed or Held for Sale Preferred Care, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Daybreak Venture, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment in Direct Financing Leases Orianna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sun Mar Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Markleysburg Healthcare Investors, LP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgages(2) Ciena Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guardian LTC Management Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CommuniCare Health Services, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saber Health Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phoenix Senior Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benchmark Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Operating Beds Number of Facilities Gross Real Estate Investment (in thousands) 135 93 407 239 83 188 190 271 207 102 100 141 94 150 52 150 114 59 63 37 — 83,736 147 — 147 1,504 83 52 1,639 4,323 808 455 99 50 79 5,814 91,336 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 850 2 1 3 15 1 1 17 39 9 3 1 1 1 54 924 $ 15,365 15,250 12,470 12,144 11,299 10,347 9,760 9,656 8,926 8,610 7,572 7,000 7,000 5,786 5,750 5,100 4,281 3,007 2,834 1,270 1,079 7,746,410 645 344 989 120,545 11,491 226 132,262 537,513 112,500 35,964 11,874 11,535 1,472 710,858 $8,590,519 (1) Certain of our lease agreements contain purchase options that permit the lessees to purchase the underlying properties from us. (2) In general, many of our mortgages contain prepayment provisions that permit prepayment of the outstanding principal amounts thereunder. 45 The following table presents the concentration of our real estate investments by state (and the U.K.) as of December 31, 2018: Location Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Facilities 93 115 53 58 66 47 54 55 19 34 32 6 30 — 10 19 21 18 12 14 10 17 11 11 10 3 6 10 13 15 8 6 8 9 4 9 4 7 3 2 1 1 924 Number of Operating Beds 11,003 11,500 5,536 5,746 6,970 4,317 4,416 2,891 2,414 4,273 3,496 496 2,671 — 1,045 2,017 2,288 1,382 1,642 1,565 1,046 1,737 1,189 1,255 938 548 650 719 1,294 761 663 360 607 1,063 538 842 287 650 221 105 102 93 91,336 Gross Real Estate Investment (in thousands) $ 839,301 826,677 689,004 592,798 591,106 499,430 497,586 395,143 280,717 280,557 277,436 271,163 240,353 225,584 191,426 186,577 182,757 152,508 144,169 107,900 97,864 81,756 76,639 75,981 70,467 69,058 64,324 62,891 62,223 62,080 55,608 52,868 52,138 48,089 43,534 40,897 25,533 24,742 23,082 13,018 8,610 6,925 $8,590,519 % of Gross Real Estate Investment 9.75% 9.62% 8.02% 6.90% 6.88% 5.81% 5.79% 4.60% 3.27% 3.27% 3.23% 3.16% 2.80% 2.63% 2.23% 2.17% 2.13% 1.78% 1.68% 1.26% 1.14% 0.95% 0.89% 0.88% 0.82% 0.80% 0.75% 0.73% 0.72% 0.72% 0.65% 0.62% 0.61% 0.56% 0.51% 0.48% 0.30% 0.29% 0.27% 0.15% 0.10% 0.08% 100.00% (1) These states each include a facility/property that is classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2018. Geographically Diverse Property Portfolio. Our portfolio of properties is broadly diversified by geographic location. Our portfolio includes healthcare properties located in 41 states and the U.K. In addition, the majority of our rental, direct financing lease and mortgage income are generally derived from facilities in states that require state approval for development and expansion of healthcare facilities. We believe that such state approvals may limit competition for our operators and enhance the value of our properties. 46 Large Number of Tenants. Our facilities are operated by 68 different public and private healthcare providers and/or managers. Except for Ciena Healthcare (12%), Maplewood Real Estate Holdings, LLC (8%), Agemo Holdings, LLC (6%), Saber Health Group (6%) and CommuniCare Healthcare Services, Inc. (6%), which together hold approximately 38% of our portfolio (by investment), no other single tenant holds greater than 5% of our portfolio (by investment). Significant Number of Long-term Leases and Mortgage Loans. At December 31, 2018, approximately 92% of our operating leases, approximately 95% of our mortgages and approximately 98% of our direct financing leases have primary terms that expire after 2023. The majority of our leased real estate properties are leased under provisions of master lease agreements. We also lease facilities under single facility leases. The initial terms of our operating leases typically range from 5 to 15 years, plus renewal options. Our direct financing leases have initial terms in excess of 20 years. All of our leased properties are leased under long term, triple-net leases. The following table displays the expiration of the annualized straight-line rental revenues under our operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2018 by year without giving effect to any renewal options: Expiration Year Annualized Straight-line Rental Revenue Expiring ($ in thousands) Number of Leases Expiring 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2027 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,174 4,039 4,940 36,756 13,667 35,250 14,416 12,436 96,364 510,996 $731,038 3 7 18 7 14 4 5 6 12 34 110 Item 3 — Legal Proceedings On November 16, 2017, a purported securities class action complaint captioned Dror Gronich v. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., C. Taylor Pickett, Robert O. Stephenson, and Daniel J. Booth was filed against the Company and certain of its officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”), Case No. 1:17-cv-08983-NRB. On November 17, 2017, a second purported securities class action complaint captioned Steve Klein v. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., C. Taylor Pickett, Robert O. Stephenson, and Daniel J. Booth was filed against the Company and the same officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Case No. 1:17-cv-09024-NRB. Thereafter, the Court considered a series of applications by various shareholders to be named lead plaintiff, consolidated the two actions and designated Royce Setzer as the lead plaintiff. Pursuant to a Scheduling Order entered by the Court, lead plaintiff Setzer and additional plaintiff Earl Holtzman filed a Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint on May 25, 2018 (the “Securities Class Action”). The Securities Class Action purports to be a class action brought on behalf of shareholders who acquired the Company’s securities between May 3, 2017 and October 31, 2017. The Securities Class Action alleges that the defendants violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), by making materially false and/or misleading statements, and by failing to disclose material adverse facts about the Company’s business, operations, and prospects, including the financial and operating results of one of the Company’s operators, the ability of such operator to make timely rent payments, and the impairment of certain of the Company’s leases and the uncollectibility of certain receivables. The Securities Class Action, which purports to assert claims for violations of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, as well as Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act, seeks an unspecified amount of monetary damages, interest, fees and expenses of attorneys and experts, and other relief. The Company and the officers named in the Securities Class Action filed a Motion to Dismiss on July 17, 2018. Briefing on the Motion to Dismiss is complete, and the Court heard Oral Argument on February 13, 2019. 47 Although the Company denies the material allegations of the Securities Class Action and intends to vigorously pursue its defense, we are in the early stages of this litigation and are unable to predict the outcome of the case or to estimate the amount of potential costs. The Board received a demand letter, dated April 9, 2018, from an attorney for Phillip Swan (“Swan”), a purported current shareholder of the Company relating to the subject matter covered by the Securities Class Action (the “Shareholder Demand”). The letter demanded that the Board conduct an investigation into the statements and other matters at issue in the Securities Class Action and commence legal proceedings against each party identified as being responsible for the alleged activities. After due consideration, and in the exercise of its business judgment, the Board determined that it is not in the best interests of the Company to commence litigation against any current or former officers or directors based on the matters raised in the Shareholder Demand. The Board has also received shareholder demands from two additional purported shareholders, each represented by the same counsel, that were substantively identical to the Shareholder Demand and reached the same conclusion with respect to those demands. On August 22, 2018, Stourbridge Investments LLC, a purported shareholder of ours, filed a derivative action purportedly on behalf of the Company in the Court against the current directors of the Company as well as certain officers alleging violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and fiduciary duty. Stourbridge Investments LLC v. Callen et al., state-law claims including breach of No. 1:18-cv-07638. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants are responsible for the Company’s the alleged failure to disclose the financial condition of Orianna Health Systems, non-disclosures that are also the subject of the Securities Class Action described above. The defendants in the action are the three individual defendants named in the Securities Class Action (Messrs. Pickett, Booth and Stephenson), as well as the Company’s non-management directors. The plaintiff did not make a demand on the Company to bring the action prior to filing it, but rather alleges that demand would have been futile. The parties have entered into a stipulation in which they agreed to stay the case, including any response by defendants, pending the entry of judgment or a voluntary dismissal with prejudice in the Securities Class Action. The agreed-upon stipulation and order to stay the case were entered by the Court on October 25, 2018. In addition, on January 30, 2019, Swan filed a derivative action in the Baltimore City Circuit Court of Maryland, purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain current and former directors of the Company as well as certain officers, asserting claims for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment. Swan v. Pickett, et al.,No. 24-C-19-000573. Swan alleges that the Derivative Demand was wrongfully refused. No response date for the defendants has yet come due. In addition, we are subject to various other legal proceedings, claims and other actions arising out of the normal course of business. While any legal proceeding or claim has an element of uncertainty, management believes that the outcome of each lawsuit, claim or legal proceeding that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. Item 4 — Mine Safety Disclosures None. 48 Item 5 — Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities PART II Omega Market Information and Distributions Shares of Omega common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “OHI.” As of February 19, 2019, there were 3,044 registered holders and 204,229,335 of Omega common shares outstanding. The closing price of Omega common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) on February 19, 2019 was $36.07 per share. We have disclosed in Note 19 — Dividends of the accompanying financial statements the dividends declared and paid on our common stock. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information about shares available for future issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2018: Equity Compensation Plan Information (a) (b) (c) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights(1) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(2) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans excluding securities reflected in column (a)(3) Plan category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,011,181 Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,011,181 $ — — $ — 5,085,092 — 5,085,092 (1) Reflects (i) 128,006 restricted stock units that were granted on March 17, 2016, (ii) 472,336 shares related to the March 17, 2016 award of performance restricted stock units or LTIPs, (iii) 140,416 restricted stock units that were granted on January 1, 2017, (iv) 685,064 shares that could be issued if certain performance conditions are achieved related to the January 1, 2017 award of performance restricted stock units or LTIPs, (v) 169,900 restricted stock units that were granted on January 1, 2018, (vi) 1,012,032 shares that could be issued if certain performance conditions are achieved related to the January 1, 2018 award of performance restricted stock units or LTIPs and, (vii) 403,427 shares in respect of outstanding deferred stock units. (2) No exercise price is payable with respect to the restricted stock units and performance restricted stock units. (3) Reflects shares of common stock remaining available for future awards under our 2018 Stock Incentive Plans. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities During the fourth quarter of 2018, we did not purchase any shares of our outstanding equity securities (including any shares in connection with tax withholdings upon vesting of equity awards). Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds In 2018 and 2017, Omega issued an aggregate of 52,371 and 89,397 shares of Omega common stock, respectively, in exchange for an equivalent number of Omega OP Units tendered to Omega OP for redemption in accordance with the provisions of the Partnership Agreement. None of these transactions occurred in the quarterly reporting periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. We issued these shares of Omega common stock in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), based upon factual representations received from the limited partners who received the Omega common stock. 49 From March 5, 2016 to December 31, 2016, we issued 6,559,960 shares of our common stock at a weighted average price per share of $33.61 in cash pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DRSPP”). The automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 relating to the DRSPP expired March 4, 2016. As a result, these shares were inadvertently sold under an expired registration statement and do not appear to qualify for an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. On January 4, 2017, a new automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 relating to the DRSPP was filed with the SEC and became effective. Omega OP Market Information There is no established trading market for common equity of Omega OP. The number of holders of record of Omega OP Units was 133 as of December 31, 2018. Distributions Distributions per Omega OP Unit are equal to the per share dividend on Omega’s common stock. Omega is required each year to distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income after certain adjustments. Future distributions will be determined by the Board, in its sole discretion, based on actual and projected financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, cash available for distributions, cash reserves as deemed necessary for capital and operating expenditures, financing covenants, if any, and the distributions that may be required to maintain Omega’s status as a REIT. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities See Omega — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds above for information regarding redemption of Omega OP Units. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds None. 50 Item 6 — Selected Financial Data The following table sets forth our selected financial data and operating data for Omega and Omega OP on a historical basis. The following data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere herein. Our historical operating results may not be comparable to our future operating results. See Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Portfolio and Other Developments. Omega Operating Data Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017(1) 2016 2015(2) 2014 (in thousands, except per share amounts) Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $881,682 $908,385 $900,827 $743,617 $504,787 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $293,884 $104,910 $383,367 $233,315 $221,349 Net income available to common stockholders . . Per share amounts: Net income available to common stockholders: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income: Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividends, Common Stock(3) . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average common shares $281,578 $100,419 $366,415 $224,524 $221,349 $ $ $ 1.41 1.40 2.64 $ $ $ 0.51 0.51 2.54 $ $ $ 1.91 1.90 2.36 $ $ $ 1.30 1.29 2.18 $ $ $ 1.75 1.74 2.02 outstanding, basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,279 197,738 191,781 172,242 126,550 Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209,711 206,790 201,635 180,508 127,294 Omega OP Operating Data(4) Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Per Omega OP Unit amounts: Net income available to Omega OP Unit holders: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income: Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividends, Omega OP Unit holders Weighted-average Omega OP Units outstanding, Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017(1) 2016 2015(2) 2014 (in thousands, except per share amounts) $881,682 $908,385 $900,827 $610,197 $293,884 $104,910 $383,367 $190,263 $— $— $ $ $ 1.41 1.40 2.64 $ $ $ 0.51 0.51 2.54 $ $ $ 1.91 1.90 2.36 $ $ $ 0.98 $— 0.97 1.29 $— $— basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209,020 206,521 200,679 193,843 — Weighted-average Omega OP Units outstanding, diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209,711 206,790 201,635 195,742 — 51 2018 2017(1) 2016 2015(2) 2014 As of December 31, (in thousands) Balance Sheet Data Gross investments(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revolving line of credit(6) . . . . . . . . . . Term loans, net(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term borrowings, net(6) . . . Total equity(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $9,126,190 8,590,877 313,000 898,726 3,328,896 $9,091,714 8,773,305 290,000 904,670 3,377,488 $9,166,129 8,949,260 190,000 1,094,343 3,082,511 $8,107,352 7,989,936 230,000 745,693 2,564,320 $4,472,840 3,896,674 85,000 198,721 2,069,811 3,764,484 3,888,258 4,211,986 4,100,865 1,401,327 (1) 2017 results reflect the impact of an aggregate of $297 million of impairment losses on real estate properties and direct financing leases. (2) Effective April 1, 2015, Omega acquired Aviv REIT, Inc. (3) Dividends per share are those declared and paid during such period. (4) Prior to April 1, 2015, no substantive assets were owned or activity had occurred in Omega OP. The 2015 information reflects the activity for the period from April 1, 2015 (Aviv Merger date) through December 31, 2015. (5) As of December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Gross investments, Total assets and Total equity are the same for Omega and Omega OP. Omega OP held no substantive investments as of December 31, 2014. Omega OP did not exist prior to 2014. (6) All of the debt outstanding for Omega is considered outstanding for Omega OP via intercompany loans with Omega. 52 Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Forward-Looking Statements, Reimbursement Issues and Other Factors Affecting Future Results future changes regarding potential The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this document, in including statements reimbursement. This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including all statements regarding future financial position and financial metrics, expected synergies and benefits, dividends and dividend plans, financing plans, and other expectations and beliefs regarding future events. These statements relate to our expectations, beliefs, intentions, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, performance and underlying assumptions and other statements other than statements of historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology including, but not limited to, terms such as “anticipate,” “if,” “may,” plan,” “estimate,” “expect,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “believes,” “intends,” “should” “seeks,” “approximately,” “outlook,” “looking forward” or comparable terms or the negative thereof. These statements are based on information available on the date of this filing and only speak as to the date hereof and no obligation to update such forward-looking statements should be assumed. Our actual results may differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein as a result of a variety of factors, including, among other things: (i) (ii) (iii) those items discussed under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A to our annual report on Form 10-K; uncertainties relating to the business operations of the operators of our assets, including those relating to reimbursement by third-party payors, regulatory matters and occupancy levels; the ability of any of our operators in bankruptcy to reject unexpired lease obligations, modify the terms of our mortgages and impede our ability to collect unpaid rent or interest during the pendency of a bankruptcy proceeding and retain security deposits for the debtor’s obligations, and other costs and uncertainties associated with operator bankruptcies; (iv) our ability to re-lease, otherwise transition, or sell underperforming assets or assets held for sale on a timely basis and on terms that allow us to realize the carrying value of these assets; (v) the availability and cost of capital to us; (vi) changes in our credit ratings and the ratings of our debt securities; (vii) competition in the financing of healthcare facilities; (viii) regulatory and other changes in the healthcare sector; (ix) changes in the financial position of our operators; (x) the effect of economic and market conditions generally and, particularly, in the healthcare industry; (xi) changes in interest rates; (xii) the amount and yield of any additional investments; (xiii) changes in tax laws and regulations affecting REITs; (xiv) the potential impact of changes in the SNF and ALF markets or local real estate conditions on our ability to dispose of assets held for sale for the anticipated proceeds or on a timely basis, or to redeploy the proceeds therefrom on favorable terms; and (xv) our ability to maintain our status as a REIT. Overview and Outlook The Company has one reportable segment consisting of investments in healthcare-related real estate properties located in the United States (“U.S.”) and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). Our core business is to provide financing and capital to the long-term healthcare industry with a particular focus on skilled nursing 53 facilities (“SNFs”), and, to a lesser extent, assisted living facilities (“ALFs”), independent living facilities (“ILFs”) and rehabilitation and acute care facilities. Our core portfolio consists of long-term leases and mortgage agreements. All of our leases are “triple-net” leases, which require the operators (we use the term “operator” to refer to our tenants and mortgagors and their affiliates who manage and/or operate our properties) to pay all property-related expenses. Our mortgage revenue derives from fixed rate mortgage loans, which are secured by first mortgage liens on the underlying real estate and personal property of the mortgagor. Our portfolio of investments at December 31, 2018, included 924 healthcare facilities, located in 41 states and the U.K. that are operated by 68 third-party operators. Our real estate investment in these facilities totaled approximately $8.6 billion at December 31, 2018, with 99% of our real estate investments related to long-term healthcare facilities. The portfolio is made up of (i) 735 SNFs, (ii) 116 ALFs, (iii) 14 specialty facilities, (iv) one medical office building, (v) fixed rate mortgages on 51 SNFs and three ALFs and (vi) four SNFs that are currently closed or held for sale. At December 31, 2018, we held other investments of approximately $504.6 million, consisting primarily of secured loans to third-party operators of our facilities and a $31.0 million investment in an unconsolidated joint venture. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of (i) Omega, (ii) Omega OP, and (iii) all direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Omega OP. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation, and our net earnings are reduced by the portion of net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests. As healthcare delivery continues to evolve, we continuously evaluate our assets, our operators and our markets to position our portfolio for long-term success. Our strategy includes applying data analytics to enhance facility operations, investment underwriting and asset management, as well as selling or transitioning assets that do not meet our portfolio criteria. Although industry occupancy levels have declined in recent years, the occupancy levels of our facilities and our operator coverages remained stable overall for the twelve months ended September 30, 2018. Our operators continue to experience increased labor costs which we believe is manageable. In addition, our operators continue to see declines in their overall quality mix (Medicare and private pay) as a percentage of operator revenue, which has been driven principally by managed care pressure on lengths of stay and rates. Texas, which represents 10% of our investments as of December 31, 2018, presents a difficult operating environment for SNF operators as a result of lower statewide occupancy levels and a Medicaid rate reimbursement that we believe is among the lowest in the United States. A number of our operators have experienced lower operating margins on their SNFs in Texas as a result of the foregoing and labor costs. The acquisition of MedEquities will increase the percentage of our investments in Texas. We believe the long-term outlook in Texas is positive with favorable demographics, limited new supply, the implementation of the PDPM, and the possibility of Medicaid rate relief. We currently believe that our operators can generally meet their obligations to us, except us as discussed below. However, significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed and on reimbursement rates and fees could have a material adverse effect on an operator’s results of operations and financial condition, which could adversely affect the operator’s ability to meet its obligations to us. We believe that our operating results display the strength of our conservative balance sheet and operating model against the backdrop of a dynamic operating environment. We believe our operators will generally benefit from the October 2019 change in the Medicare prospective payment system from RUG-IV (driven by therapy volume) to the PDPM (driven by patient disease conditions), as well as from the projected growth in elderly demographics in the years to come. Increasing labor and liability costs, evolving reimbursement models, and localized occupancy trends may put near term financial strain on some operators within the skilled nursing industry, particularly in states with unfavorable Medicaid reimbursement rates. 54 2018 and Recent Highlights Acquisition and Other Investments In 2018, we completed the following transactions totaling approximately $471 million in new investments: • • • • $131.3 million secured term loan with an unrelated third party. The loan is secured by a collateral assignment of mortgages covering seven SNFs, three ILFs and one ALF located in Pennsylvania and Virginia. The loan bears an interest rate of 9.35%. On or before its maturity in 2019, we expect to obtain fee simple title to the facilities and add the facilities to an existing operator’s master lease. $44.2 million first mortgage loan with an existing operator of ours. The loan is secured by five SNFs with 522 beds located in Michigan. The loan is cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with our existing loans and master lease with the operator. The loan bears an initial annual interest rate of 9.5%, which rate increases each year by 0.225%. $35.1 million of new investments with an existing operator. The investment included acquisitions of three SNFs and one ILF from an unrelated third party. The four Pennsylvania facilities with 420 beds were added to an existing operator’s master lease with an initial cash yield of 9.5% with 2.5% annual rent escalators. $9.1 million of new investments with an existing operator in the U.K. The investments included two care homes (similar to ALFs in the U.S.) acquired from an unrelated third party and leased to an existing operator. The two care homes were added to the existing operator’s master lease with an initial annual cash yield of 8.5% with 2.5% annual escalators. • We also acquired nine SNFs and one ALF for approximately $60.7 million throughout the U.S. and invested an additional $10.0 million in an existing $50.0 million mezzanine loan. The annual interest rate was fixed at 12.0% per annum and the maturity date of the mezzanine loan was extended to May 2023. • $180.9 million of investments in our capital expenditure programs. See Portfolio and Other Developments below for a description of 2018 acquisitions and other investments. Agreement to acquire MedEquities On January 2, 2019, Omega and Omega OP entered into the Merger Agreement with MedEquities and its subsidiary operating partnership and the general partner of its subsidiary operating partnership. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Omega will acquire MedEquities and MedEquities will be merged with and into Omega (the “Merger”) at the effective time of the Merger with Omega continuing as the surviving company. At the effective time, each outstanding share of MedEquities common stock will be converted into the right to receive (i) 0.235 of a share of Omega common stock, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares, and (ii) $2.00 in cash, without interest, subject to adjustments as set forth in the Merger Agreement under certain limited circumstances. As of December 31, 2018, the total consideration expected to be exchanged in the merger, including the assumption of debt is approximately $600 million. The Merger Agreement also provides that MedEquities will declare a special dividend of $0.21 per share of MedEquities common stock payable to the holders of record of MedEquities common stock as of the trading day immediately prior to the closing date of the Merger, which dividend will be payable following the effective time of the Merger together with the cash consideration under the Merger Agreement. 55 Financing Activities HUD Mortgage Disposition On June 1, 2018, subsidiaries of an existing operator assumed approximately $53 million of our indebtedness guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) that secured 12 separate facilities located in Arkansas. In connection with our disposition of the mortgages we wrote-off approximately $0.6 million of unamortized deferred costs that are recorded in Gain on assets sold — net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. These fixed rate mortgages had a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.06% per annum and matured in July 2044. Portfolio and Other Developments The following tables summarize the significant transactions that occurred between 2016 and 2018. 2018 Acquisitions and Other Number of Facilities Period SNF ALF/ILF Country/ State Total Investment(4) Q1 . . . . . — Q1 . . . . . — 1 Q1 . . . . . 1 Q1 . . . . . 5 Q2 . . . . . 3 Q4 . . . . . 1 Q4 . . . . . 1 Q4 . . . . . Total . . . 12 1 1 — — — 1 — — 3 UK UK PA VA TX PA IN OH $ 4.0(1) 5.7(2) 7.4 13.2 22.8 35.1 8.3 9.2 $105.7 Land $ 0.9 1.4 1.6 2.4 0.5 4.1 1.7 0.8 $13.4 Building & Site Improvements Furniture & Fixtures Initial Annual Cash Yield(3) (in millions) $ 2.9 4.1 5.4 10.5 20.4 29.2 6.0 7.9 $86.4 $0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.9 1.8 0.6 0.5 $5.9 8.50% 8.50% 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% (1) We recorded a non-cash deferred tax liability of approximately $0.4 million in connection with this acquisition (2) We recorded a non-cash deferred tax liability of approximately $0.2 million in connection with this acquisition. (3) The cash yield is based on the purchase price. (4) All of the aforementioned acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. During 2018, we acquired two parcels of land (not reflected in the table above) for approximately $3.5 million with the intent of building new facilities for our existing operators. During 2018, we transitioned 21 SNFs and one ALF subject to direct financing leases (not reflected in the table above) with a net carrying value of approximately $184.5 million from an existing operator to five other existing operators subject to single or master operating leases with an initial annual cash yield of approximately 9%. We recorded approximately $184.5 million of real estate investments consisting of land ($11.2 million), building and site improvements ($159.1 million) and furniture and fixtures ($14.2 million) in partial satisfaction of the direct financing lease. In connection with these transitions, we provided the new operators with working capital loans with a maximum borrowing capacity of $45.7 million, commitments to fund capital improvements up to $10.6 million and indemnities with a maximum funding of $7.4 million. Claims against these indemnities must occur within 18 months to 36 months of the transition date. These indemnities were provided to the new operators upon transition and would be utilized in the event that the prior operator does not perform under their transition agreements. We do not expect to fund a material amount under these indemnity agreements. 56 2017 Acquisitions and Other Number of Facilities Period SNF ALF/ILF State Q1 . . . . . . . . — Q2 . . . . . . . . 1 Q2 . . . . . . . . — Q3 . . . . . . . . — Q3 . . . . . . . . 15 Q3 . . . . . . . . Q4 . . . . . . . . 9 6 Total . . . . . . . 31 VA NC UK TX IN TX TX 1 — 18 1 — — — 20 Total Investment(4) Land Building & Site Improvements Furniture & Fixtures Initial Annual Cash Yield(2) (in millions) $ 7.6 $ 0.5 $ 6.8 $ 0.3 8.6 124.2(1) 2.3 211.0 19.0(3) 40.0 0.7 34.1 0.7 18.0 1.7 1.0 7.3 85.1 1.5 180.2 15.5 35.1 0.6 5.0 0.1 12.8 1.8 3.9 $412.7 $56.7 $331.5 $24.5 7.50% 9.50% 8.50% 9.25% 9.50% 18.60% 9.25% (1) We recorded a non-cash deferred tax liability and acquisition costs of approximately $8.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, (2) (3) in connection with this acquisition. The cash yield is based on the purchase price. In July 2017, we transitioned nine SNFs formerly subject to a direct financing lease to another operator. As a result of terminating the direct financing lease, we wrote down the facilities to our original cost basis and recorded an impairment on the direct financing lease of approximately $1.8 million. (4) All of the aforementioned acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. During 2017, we acquired three parcels of land (not reflected in the table above) for approximately $6.7 million with the intent of building new facilities for existing operators. 57 2016 Acquisitions and Other Number of Facilities Period SNF ALF/ILF Country/ State Total Investment(6) Land Building & Site Improvements Furniture & Fixtures Initial Annual Cash Yield(7) Q1 . . . — Q1 . . . — Q1 . . . 10 Q1 . . . — Q1 . . . Q1 . . . 3 21 Q2 . . . — Q2 . . . — 3 Q2 . . . Q3 . . . — Q3 . . . — Q3 . . . — 1 Q3 . . . 1 Q3 . . . 31 Q3 . . . Total . . 70 1 1 — 2 — — 10 3 — 1 1 1 — — — 20 UK UK OH, VA, MI GA MD VA, NC UK TX CO, MO FL GA FL SC OH FL, KY, TN (in millions) $ 8.3 $ 1.4 $ 6.7 $ 0.2 6.1 169.0(2) 20.2 25.0 212.5 111.9(3) 66.0(4) 31.8 4.3 2.5 16.5 10.1 9.0(5) 329.6(1) 0.6 10.5 0.8 2.5 19.3 24.8 5.8 3.1 2.3 0.2 1.8 2.7 — 24.6 5.3 152.5 18.3 19.9 181.1 83.9 58.6 26.2 1.8 2.1 14.3 6.5 8.6 290.8 0.2 6.0 1.1 2.6 12.1 3.2 1.6 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.4 14.2 $1,022.8 $100.4 $876.6 $45.8 7.00% 7.00% 8.50% 7.50% 8.50% 8.50% 7.00% 6.80% 9.00% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% 9.00% 9.00% 9.00% (1) Our investment includes a purchase option buyout obligation with a fair value of approximately $29.6 million. We also acquired a term loan with a fair value of approximately $37.0 million which is recorded in other investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In August 2017, the purchase option buyout obligation was terminated and the operator used the proceeds to repay certain other investments. (2) Acquired from a related party. (3) We also recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $1.9 million in connection with the acquisition. (4) We paid $63.0 million in cash at closing to acquire the facilities. We paid an additional $1.5 million in April 2017 and the remaining $1.5 million in April 2018. The additional consideration paid was contractually determined and not contingent on other factors. (5) We paid approximately $3.5 million in cash to acquire the facility. The remainder of the purchase price (approximately $5.5 million) was funded with the redemption of an other investment note. (6) All of the aforementioned acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations. (7) The cash yield is based on the purchase price. During 2016, we acquired five parcels of land (not reflected in the table above) for approximately $8.3 million with the intent of building new facilities for existing operators. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized rental revenue of approximately $58.1 million and expensed approximately $9.6 million of acquisition related costs in connection with the aforementioned acquisitions. No goodwill was recorded in connection with these acquisitions. Asset Sales, Impairments, Accounts Receivable and Other Asset Sales As of December 31, 2018, we have completed substantially all of our strategic asset repositions and portfolio restructuring. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we sold 14 facilities (nine previously held for sale at September 30, 2018) subject to operating leases for approximately $63.2 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $15.5 million. 58 In 2018, we sold 78 facilities (22 previously held for sale at December 31, 2017) subject to operating leases for approximately $309.6 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $24.8 million. Of the 78 facilities sold during 2018, we sold 12 SNFs on June 1, 2018 secured by HUD mortgages to subsidiaries of an existing operator. The Company sold the 12 SNF facilities with carrying values of approximately $62 million for approximately $78 million which consisted of $25 million of cash consideration and their assumption of approximately $53 million of our HUD mortgages. Simultaneously, subsidiaries of the operator assumed our HUD restricted cash accounts, deposits and escrows. The Company recorded a gain on sale of approximately $11 million after approximately $5 million of closing and other transaction related costs. In connection with this sale, we provided a principal of an existing operator an unsecured loan of approximately $39.7 million. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we sold 32 facilities (two previously held for sale at September 30, 2017) subject to operating leases for approximately $188.0 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $46.4 million. In 2017, we sold 52 facilities (14 previously held for sale at December 31, 2016) subject to operating leases for approximately $257.8 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $53.9 million. Of the 52 facilities sold in 2017, the sale of ten of these facilities did not initially qualify for sale accounting under the full accrual method. The ten SNFs with a carrying value of approximately $23.2 million were sold to a third-party for approximately $43.3 million, resulting in a total gain of approximately $17.5 million after $2.6 million of closing costs. In connection with this sale, we provided the buyer a $10.0 million loan which was recorded in other investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognized a net gain of approximately $7.5 million in 2017 and deferred $10.0 million of gain related to this sale. Upon our adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”) on January 1, 2018, we recognized $10.0 million of deferred gain related to this sale through opening equity on January 1, 2018. In 2016, we sold 38 facilities (three previously held for sale at December 31, 2015) subject to operating leases for approximately $169.6 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $50.2 million. As of December 31, 2018, three facilities, totaling approximately $1.0 million are classified as assets held for sale. We expect to sell these facilities over the next twelve months. Impairments During the fourth quarter of 2018, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $3.2 million on three facilities (two were subsequently reclassified to held for sale). For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $35.0 million on 35 facilities. Our impairments were offset by $5.2 million of insurance proceeds received related to a facility destroyed in November 2017. The total net recorded investment in these properties after impairments and excluding facilities previously sold was approximately $14.8 million as of December 31, 2018, with approximately $1.0 million related to properties classified as held for sale. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $63.5 million on 32 facilities (two were subsequently reclassified to held for sale). Of the $63.5 million impairment on real estate properties, $12.6 million related to one facility that was destroyed in a fire. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $99.1 million on 37 facilities including approximately $2.6 million of capitalized costs associated with the termination of construction projects with two of our operators. The total net recorded investment in these properties after impairments and excluding facilities previously sold was approximately $125.1 million as of December 31, 2017, with approximately $7.7 million related to properties classified as held for sale. 59 For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $58.7 million on 29 facilities. Our 2018, 2017 and 2016 recorded impairments were primarily the result of decisions to exit certain non-strategic facilities and/or operators. We reduced the net book value of the impaired facilities to their estimated fair values or, with respect to the facilities reclassified to assets held for sale, to their estimated fair values less costs to sell. To estimate the fair value of the facilities, we utilized a market approach which considered binding sale agreements (a Level 1 input) and/or Level 3 inputs which generally consist of non-binding offers from unrelated third parties. Accounts Receivable As of December 31, 2018, we have approximately $33.8 million of contractual receivables outstanding — net of allowances. Of the $33.8 million of contractual receivables outstanding — net of allowances, approximately $18.3 million relates to Agemo Holdings LLC (“Agemo” an entity formed in May 2018 to silo the leases and loans formerly held by Signature Healthcare) and Daybreak Venture LLC (“Daybreak”). Daybreak is on a cash basis of accounting for purposes of revenue recognition, see additional discussion below. In addition to the contractual receivables, we have approximately $43.5 million of straight-line rent receivables and/or lease inducements associated with these operators as of December 31, 2018. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded approximately income, respectively, and $3.5 million and $4.9 million, $83.2 million and $82.6 million, of rental respectively, of other investment the $33.8 million of contractual receivables outstanding — net of allowances as of December 31, 2018, relates to one operator that continues to pay, although at times less than the monthly contractual rent due. We continue to monitor this operator, including their contractual payments and their operational performance to determine if it will impact our revenue recognition in future periods. income from these operators. Additionally, $5.4 million of Orianna In addition to our direct financing leases with Orianna Health Systems (“Orianna”), we own three facilities and had leased them to Orianna under a master lease which was to expire in 2026. The remaining three facility lease is accounted for as an operating lease. Our recorded investment in the three facilities subject to this operating lease was $30.5 million as of December 31, 2018. On October 31, 2018, Orianna rejected the operating lease and as a result we transitioned the remaining three facilities to an existing operator during the first quarter of 2019. As of December 31, 2018, we also have a revolving working capital loan issued to Orianna with a balance outstanding as of December 31, 2018 of $15.2 million. In 2017, we sold eight facilities subject to direct financing leases with Orianna in the Northwest region and the Southeast region of the U.S. with a carrying value of approximately $36.4 million for approximately $33.3 million to unrelated third parties. We recorded approximately $3.3 million of impairment related to these sales. In addition, we transitioned nine SNFs, representing all of the facilities subject to another direct financing lease with Orianna in the Texas region, to an existing operator of ours pursuant to an operating lease. In connection with this transaction, we recorded the real estate properties at our original cost basis of approximately $19.0 million, eliminated our investment in the Texas region direct financing lease and recorded an impairment of approximately $1.8 million. In conjunction with this transaction, we also amended our Orianna Southeast region master lease to reduce the outstanding balance by $19.3 million. As a result of the lease amendment in 2017, we recorded impairment on our investment in direct financing lease of approximately $20.8 million in 2017. In the third quarter of 2017, we recorded an allowance for loss on direct financing leases of $172.2 million with Orianna covering 38 facilities in the Southeast region of the U.S. The amount of the allowance was determined based on the fair value of the facilities subject to the direct financing lease. To estimate the fair value of the underlying collateral, we utilized an income approach and Level 3 inputs. Our estimate of fair value assumed annual rents ranging between $32.0 million and $38.0 million, rental yields between 9% and 10%, current and projected operating performance of the facilities, coverage ratios and bed values. Our recorded investment in these direct financing leases, net of the $172.2 million of allowances, amounted to $337.7 million as of December 31, 2017. 60 In March 2018, Orianna commenced voluntary Chapter 11 proceedings in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division (the “Bankruptcy Court”). As described in Orianna’s filings with the Bankruptcy Court, we entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (“RSA”) that was expected to form the basis for Orianna’s restructuring. The RSA provided for the recommencement, in April 2018, of partial rent payments at $1.0 million per month and established a specific timeline for the implementation of Orianna’s planned restructuring. The RSA provided for the transition of 23 facilities to new operators and the potential sale of the remaining 19 facilities subject to the plan of reorganization (the “Plan”), if approved by the Bankruptcy Court. To provide liquidity to Orianna during their Chapter 11 proceedings, we entered into a senior secured superpriority debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) credit agreement with Orianna for a revolving credit and term loan DIP financing of up to $30 million, which DIP financing was approved by the Bankruptcy Court on an interim basis on March 9, 2018 and on a final basis on May 14, 2018. On July 23, 2018, we notified Orianna that it was in default under the DIP credit agreement. On July 25, 2018, Omega terminated the RSA with its tenant, 4 West Holdings, and the sponsor of Orianna’s Plan. During the third quarter of 2018, we transitioned 22 facilities with a net carrying value of approximately $184.5 million from Orianna to five other existing operators with annual contractual rent of approximately $16.8 million. In addition, during the second half of 2018, we sold Orianna’s headquarters and one SNF with a carrying value of approximately $5.5 million to unrelated third-parties for approximately $5.5 million. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Bankruptcy Court ruled that Orianna’s Plan, if confirmed, would allow Orianna to use the value of Orianna’s remaining facilities to pay the administrative costs of Orianna’s Chapter 11 cases and to pay certain other creditor claims, with the net amount of such value being paid to us. As a result, we recorded $27.2 million in additional allowance for loss to reduce the remaining investment in the direct financing lease covering the remaining 15 facilities located in the Southeast region of the U.S. As of December 31, 2018, our net investment in the Orianna direct financing lease is approximately $120.5 million, net of an allowance of $103.2 million. On January 11, 2019, pursuant to a Bankruptcy Court order, affiliates of Orianna purchased the remaining 15 SNFs subject to the direct financing lease with Orianna for $176 million of consideration, comprised of $146 million in cash received by Orianna and a $30.0 million seller note held by the Company. The $30.0 million note bears interest at 6% per annum and matures on January 11, 2026. Interest on the unpaid principal balance is due quarterly in arrears. Commencing on January 11, 2022, quarterly principal payments are due based on a 15-year amortization schedule on the then outstanding principal balance of the loan. On the same date, Orianna repaid the DIP financing, including all related interest. On January 16, 2019, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed Orianna’s Plan, creating a Distribution Trust (the “Trust”) to distribute the proceeds from Orianna’s sale of the remaining 15 SNFs, as well as the Trust’s collections of Orianna’s accounts receivable portfolio. Our remaining investment in the direct financing lease and the revolving working capital loan as of December 31, 2018 is expected to be recovered through liquidating payments made from the Trust. The Trust is comprised of $115.8 million of net cash proceeds from the sale by Orianna of the 15 SNFs on January 11, 2019 after repayment of the DIP financing, cash of $5.6 million, and accounts receivable, net of estimated allowance, of $21.3 million. We expect that the aggregate of such amounts will be used to pay the estimated costs of $26.9 million to other creditors and to wind down the Trust with the remainder paid to us under the direct financing leases and on account of the revolving working capital loan. The amount payable to us is contingent upon the collection of the accounts receivable balances and the estimated costs to wind down the Trust. These amounts are estimated and subject to change. Such changes could be significantly different than the currently estimated amounts and such differences could have a material impact on our financial statements. On February 13, 2019, we received $78.8 million from the Trust as a partial liquidation of the Trust. We will receive other payments from the Trust when the accounts receivable are collected and as the estimated creditor claims and costs to wind down the Trust are finalized. As a result of Orianna not satisfying the contractual payments due under the terms of the direct financing leases or the separate operating lease and the uncertainty of collection, we have not recognized 61 any income from Orianna related to the direct financing leases or the operating lease for the period from July 1, 2017 through December 31, 2018. Agemo On May 7, 2018, Omega and Signature Healthcare entered into a consensual, out-of-court including other restructuring agreement. The restructuring involves multiple third-party constituents, third-party landlords, a new working capital lender, medical malpractice claimants, and other third-party interests. As part of the restructuring, Signature Healthcare was reorganized to separate each of its primary portfolios with its major landlords into three distinct lease silos and separate virtually all other legal obligations. As part of this restructuring, Signature Healthcare formed Agemo Holdings LLC (“Agemo”) to be the holding company of the leases and loans of ours, and for which we agreed to: • • • • • defer up to $6.3 million of rent per annum for 3 years commencing May 1, 2018; provide capital expenditure funds to be used for the general maintenance and capital improvements of our 58 facilities in the amount of approximately $4.5 million per year for 3 years; extend a 7-year working capital term loan at 7% for an amount up to $25 million with a maturity date of April 30, 2025 ($14.3 million is outstanding as of December 31, 2018); extend the term of the master lease by two years to December 31, 2030 and; extend the maturity date of the existing term loan by two years to December 31, 2024. As part of the restructuring, Signature Healthcare entered into new working capital credit facilities with its new working capital lender for each of its separate silos, including Agemo. In addition, as part of our restructure, certain third-party guarantors of the Agemo master lease were required to contribute approximately $7.8 million in funds to the enterprise to be used to reduce the outstanding contractual receivables owed to us from Agemo. On May 8, 2018, we received $5.0 million in cash from the guarantors and a one-year term note from the principals of Agemo for approximately $2.8 million. As of December 31, 2018, Agemo is paying rent and interest pursuant to our lease and loan agreements. Daybreak During the third quarter of 2017, we placed Daybreak on a cash basis for revenue recognition as a result of nonpayment. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we executed a Settlement and Forbearance Agreement with Daybreak which permitted Daybreak to defer payments of up to 23% of their contractual rent for the remainder of 2017, subject to certain conditions. Daybreak was in compliance with the agreement at September 30, 2018; however, during the fourth quarter of 2018, Daybreak fell behind on rent by approximately two months and accordingly was not in compliance with the 2017 Settlement and Forbearance Agreement as a result of not paying the full contractual amounts due. As a direct result of the challenges presented by the current operating environment in Texas as discussed under Overview and Outlook above, Daybreak requested further rent deferral. On January 30, 2019, we entered into a Second Amendment to Settlement and Forbearance Agreement under which we agreed to defer approximately $4.2 million of rent in the fourth quarter of 2018 and approximately $2.5 million (or approximately one month’s rent) in each of the first two quarters of 2019. We believe these rent deferrals position Daybreak to continue to embark on certain operational improvements and to provide Daybreak time to receive the benefits of a significant increased participation in a Texas program providing SNF operators enhanced reimbursement for quality of care in its nursing facilities. Other We continue to closely monitor the performance of all of our operators, as well as industry trends and developments generally. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we did not have any material properties or operators with facilities that are not materially occupied. 62 Results of Operations The following is our discussion of the consolidated results of operations, financial position and liquidity and capital resources, which should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Year Ended December 31, 2018 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017 Operating Revenues Our operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018, were $881.7 million, a decrease of $26.7 million over the same period in 2017. Following is a description of certain of the changes in operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 2017: • • Rental income was $767.3 million, a decrease of $7.8 million over the same period in 2017. The decrease was primarily the loss of rental income from facility sales and placing operators on cash basis in 2017 and 2018 as a result of non-payment of rent and/or concerns over the collectability of rents. The decreases were offset by facility transitions and acquisitions in the U.S. and lease amendments made throughout 2017 and 2018. Direct financing lease income was $1.6 million, a decrease of $30.7 million over the same period in 2017. The decrease was primarily related to placing Orianna on a cash basis effective July 1, 2017 due to Orianna’s non-payment of rent and the sale of a direct financing lease facility. • Mortgage interest income totaled $70.3 million, an increase of $4.1 million over the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily due to incremental interest income from additional mortgage funding to our operators, offset by mortgage payoffs. • Other investment income totaled $40.2 million, an increase of $11.0 million over the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily related to the issuance of new notes and additional funding to existing operators. Operating Expenses Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $408.9 million, a decrease of approximately $238.3 million over the same period in 2017. Following is a description of certain of the changes in our operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 2017: • • • • Our depreciation and amortization expense was $281.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $287.6 million for the same period in 2017. The decrease of $6.3 million was primarily due to the timing of dispositions, impairments and normal decreases due to short lived assets becoming fully depreciated, offset by acquisitions and the placement of assets in service during 2017 and 2018. Our general and administrative expense was $63.5 million, compared to $47.7 million for the same period in 2017. The increase is primarily related to professional service costs and stock based compensation expense. Our impairment on real estate properties was $29.8 million, compared to $99.1 million for the same period in 2017. The 2018 impairments primarily related to 35 facilities to reduce their net book value to their estimated fair value less costs to sell or fair value. The 2017 impairments primarily related to 37 facilities to reduce their net book value to their estimated fair value less costs to sell or fair value. The 2018 and 2017 impairments were primarily the result of decisions to exit certain non-strategic facilities and/or operators. Our impairment on direct financing leases was approximately $27.2 million, compared to $198.2 million for the same period in 2017. In 2017, we recorded $198.2 million of impairment loss on direct financing leases primarily resulting from (a) terminating Orianna’s Texas region lease, (b) selling Orianna’s Northwest region facilities and (c) the impairment of Orianna’s Southeast region lease. In 2018, we recorded an additional $27.2 million impairment loss on the remaining 15 facilities in Orianna’s Southeast region lease. 63 • Our provision for uncollectible accounts was $6.7 million, compared to $14.6 million for the same period in 2017. The 2018 provision was primarily related to $11.5 million of reserves for straight line accounts receivable and contractual receivables resulting from facility transitions and placing an operator on a cash basis due to their non-payment of rent. Our provision was offset by a recovery of approximately $4.8 million from Orianna based on cash received pursuant to the RSA. The 2017 provision was primarily related to a $9.5 million reserve of contractual and straight line accounts receivable for Orianna and approximately $5.1 million related to other facilities that we have transitioned or sold. Gain on Assets Sold For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded approximately $24.8 million of net gain on assets sold, as compared to $53.9 million for the same period in 2017. During 2018 and 2017, we sold 78 facilities and 52 facilities, respectively, as we continue to exit certain facilities, operator relationships and/or states to improve the strength of our overall portfolio. Other Income (Expense) For the year ended December 31, 2018, total other expenses were $201.1 million, a decrease of approximately $8.2 million over the same period in 2017. The $8.2 million decrease was primarily the result of a $22.0 million decrease in interest refinancing costs related to early extinguishment costs incurred in 2017 to redeem the $400 million 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024 and the write-off of deferred costs related to the 2014 credit facility, offset by a $10.4 million contractual settlement with an unrelated third party related to a contingent liability obligation that originated in 2012 that was resolved in the first quarter of 2017 and a $3.7 million increase in interest expense related to higher debt balances outstanding to fund new investments and higher blended borrowing costs in 2018. 2018 Taxes Because we qualify as a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income taxes on the REIT taxable income that we distribute to stockholders, subject to certain exceptions. For tax year 2018, we made common dividend payments of $528.7 million to satisfy REIT requirements relating to qualifying income. Subject to the limitation under the REIT asset test rules, we are permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). We have elected for two of our subsidiaries to be treated as TRSs. One of our TRSs is subject to federal, state and local income taxes at the applicable corporate rates and the other is subject to foreign income taxes. As of December 31, 2018, one of our TRSs had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $5.8 million. The loss carry-forward is fully reserved as of December 31, 2018 with a valuation allowance due to uncertainties regarding realization. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded approximately $0.8 million of state and local income tax provision and approximately $2.2 million of tax provision for foreign income taxes. National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts Funds From Operations Our funds from operations (“Nareit FFO”), for the year ended December 31, 2018, was $587.4 million, compared to $444.3 million for the same period in 2017. We calculate and report Nareit FFO in accordance with the definition of Funds from Operations and interpretive guidelines issued by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), and, consequently, Nareit FFO is defined as net income (computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)), adjusted for the effects of asset dispositions and certain non-cash items, primarily depreciation and amortization and impairment on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect funds from operations on the same basis. We believe that Nareit FFO is an important supplemental measure of our operating performance. Because the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets requires depreciation (except on land), such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, while real estate values instead 64 have historically risen or fallen with market conditions. Nareit FFO was designed by the real estate industry to address this issue. Nareit FFO herein is not necessarily comparable to Nareit FFO of other REITs that do not use the same definition or implementation guidelines or interpret the standards differently from us. Nareit FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. We use Nareit FFO as one of several criteria to measure the operating performance of our business. We further believe that by excluding the effect of depreciation, amortization, impairment on real estate assets and gains or losses from sales of real estate, all of which are based on historical costs and which may be of limited relevance in evaluating current performance, Nareit FFO can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between other REITs. We offer this measure to assist the users of our financial statements in evaluating our financial performance under GAAP, and Nareit FFO should not be considered a measure of liquidity, an alternative to net income or an indicator of any other performance measure determined in accordance with GAAP. Investors and potential investors in our securities should not rely on this measure as a substitute for any GAAP measure, including net income. The following table presents our Nareit FFO results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deduct gain from real estate dispositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add back loss from real estate dispositions – unconsolidated joint venture . . . . $293,884 (24,774) 670 $104,910 (53,912) — Elimination of non-cash items included in net income: Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation – unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add back impairments on real estate properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add back impairments on real estate properties – unconsolidated joint venture . . 281,279 5,876 29,839 608 287,591 6,630 99,070 — Nareit FFO(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $587,382 $444,289 269,780 50,998 (a) Includes amounts allocated to Omega stockholders and Omega OP Unit holders. Year Ended December 31, 2017 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016 Operating Revenues Our operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017, were $908.4 million, an increase of $7.6 million over the same period in 2016. Following is a description of certain of the changes in operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 2016: • • Rental income was $775.2 million, an increase of $31.3 million over the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily the result of facility acquisitions in the U.S. and the U.K. in 2016 and 2017 and lease amendments made throughout 2016 and 2017. These increases were offset by the loss of rental income from facility sales and placing one operator on a cash basis in 2017. Direct financing lease income was $32.3 million, a decrease of $30.0 million over the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily related to placing Orianna on a cash basis effective July 1, 2017 due to Orianna’s non-payment of rent. • Mortgage interest income totaled $66.2 million, a decrease of $3.6 million over the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to mortgage loan payoffs, resulting in an $8.4 million reduction to interest income, offset by $4.8 million of incremental interest income from additional mortgage funding to our operators. 65 • Other investment income totaled $29.2 million, an increase of $7.4 million over the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily related to the issuance of new notes and additional funding to existing operators. Operating Expenses Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017, were $647.1 million, an increase of approximately $256.0 million over the same period in 2016. Following is a description of certain of the changes in our operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 2016: • • • • • • Our depreciation and amortization expense was $287.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $267.1 million for the same period in 2016. The increase of $20.5 million was primarily due to the acquisitions and the placement of assets in service during 2016 and 2017. Our general and administrative expense was $47.7 million, compared to $45.9 million for the same period in 2016. The increase is primarily related to professional service costs and stock based compensation expense. Acquisition costs decreased by $9.6 million. The $9.6 million decrease was primarily due to the capitalization of acquisition costs in 2017. In 2017, we recorded $99.1 million of impairments on real estate properties, compared to $58.7 million for the same period in 2016. The 2017 impairments primarily related to 37 facilities to reduce their net book value to their estimated fair value less costs to sell or fair value. In 2016, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $58.7 million on 29 facilities. The 2017 and 2016 impairments were primarily the result of decisions to exit certain non-strategic facilities and/or operators. In 2017, we recorded $198.2 million of impairment loss on direct financing leases primarily resulting from (a) terminating Orianna’s Texas region lease, (b) selling Orianna’s Northwest region facilities and (c) the impairment of Orianna’s Southeast region lease. Our provision for uncollectible accounts was $14.6 million for 2017, compared to $9.8 million for the same period in 2016. The 2017 provision was primarily related to a $9.5 million reserve of contractual and straight line accounts receivable for Orianna and approximately $5.1 million related to other facilities that we intend to transition or sell. In 2016, we recorded a $5.6 million provision on three loans reducing their book value to the fair value of the underlying collateral. In addition, in 2016 we entered into agreements to transition 28 facilities from one of our former operators to a new existing operator. As a result of the transition, we wrote off approximately $3.4 million of straight line receivable from the former operator. Gain on Assets Sold For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded approximately $53.9 million of net gain on assets sold, as compared to $50.2 million for the same period in 2016. During 2017 and 2016, we sold 52 facilities and 38 facilities, respectively, as we continue to exit certain facilities, operator relationships and/or states to improve the strength of our overall portfolio. Other Income (Expense) For the year ended December 31, 2017, total other expenses were $209.3 million, an increase of approximately $33.6 million over the same period in 2016. The $33.6 million increase was primarily the result of a $24.7 million increase in interest expense related to higher debt balances outstanding to fund new investments and higher blended borrowing costs, a $19.9 million increase in interest refinancing costs related to early extinguishment costs incurred in 2017 to redeem the $400 million 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024 and the write-off of deferred costs related to the 2014 credit facility, offset by a $10.4 million contractual settlement with an unrelated third party related to a contingent liability obligation that originated in 2012 that was resolved in the first quarter of 2017. 66 2017 Taxes Because we qualify as a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income taxes on the REIT taxable income that we distribute to stockholders, subject to certain exceptions. For tax year 2017, we made common dividend payments of $502.6 million to satisfy REIT requirements relating to qualifying income. Subject to the limitation under the REIT asset test rules, we are permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. We have elected for two of our subsidiaries to be treated as TRSs. One of our TRSs is subject to federal, state and local income taxes at the applicable corporate rates and the other is subject to foreign income taxes. As of December 31, 2017, one of our TRSs had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $5.4 million. The loss carry-forward is fully reserved as of December 31, 2017 with a valuation allowance due to uncertainties regarding realization. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded approximately $2.4 million of state and local income tax provision and approximately $0.8 million of tax provision for foreign income taxes. National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts Funds From Operations Our Nareit FFO, for the year ended December 31, 2017, was $444.3 million, compared to $660.1 million for the same period in 2016. The following table presents our Nareit FFO results for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (in thousands) Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deduct gain from real estate dispositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $104,910 (53,912) $383,367 (50,208) Elimination of non-cash items included in net income: Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation – unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add back impairments on real estate properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287,591 6,630 99,070 267,062 1,107 58,726 Nareit FFO(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $444,289 $660,054 50,998 333,159 (a) Includes amounts allocated to Omega stockholders and Omega OP Unit holders. Liquidity and Capital Resources At December 31, 2018, we had total assets of $8.6 billion, total equity of $3.8 billion and debt of $4.6 billion, with such debt representing approximately 54.9% of total capitalization. The following table shows the amounts due in connection with the contractual obligations described below as of December 31, 2018: Payments due by period Total Less than 1 year Years 2 – 3 Years 4 – 5 (in thousands) More than 5 years Debt(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest payments on long-term debt . . . . . Operating lease and other obligations . . . . $4,585,990 1,272,957 7,180 $ — $333,000 402,181 1,814 203,960 898 $1,602,990 336,416 1,852 $2,650,000 330,400 2,616 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5,866,127 $204,858 $736,995 $1,941,258 $2,983,016 (1) The $4.6 billion of debt outstanding includes: (i) $313.0 million in borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility due in May 2021, (ii) $128.0 million under the £100 million British Pound Sterling term loan facility due May 2022, (iii) $100 million 67 under the Omega OP Term Loan Facility due May 2022, (iv) $250 million under the 2015 Term Loan Facility due December 2022, (v) $425 million under the U.S. Term Loan Facility due May 2022, (vi) $400 million of 4.50% Senior Notes due January 2025, (vii) $400 million of 4.95% Senior Notes due April 2024, (viii) $550 million of 4.75% Senior Notes due January 2028, (ix) $600 million of 5.25% Senior Notes due January 2026, (x) $700 million of 4.375% Senior Notes due August 2023, (xi) $700 million of 4.5% Senior Notes due April 2027 and (xii) $20 million of 9.0% per annum subordinated debt maturing in December 2021. Other than the $100 million outstanding under the Omega OP Term Loan Facility, the Parent is the obligor of all outstanding debt. Financing Activities and Borrowing Arrangements HUD Mortgage Disposition On June 1, 2018, subsidiaries of an existing operator assumed approximately $53 million of our indebtedness guaranteed by HUD that secured 12 separate facilities located in Arkansas. In connection with our disposition of the mortgages, we wrote-off approximately $0.6 million of unamortized deferred costs that are recorded in Gain on assets sold — net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. These fixed rate mortgages had a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.06% per annum and matured in July 2044. $500 Million Equity Shelf Program On September 3, 2015, we entered into separate Equity Distribution Agreements (collectively, the “Equity Shelf Agreements”) to sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $500 million (the “2015 Equity Shelf Program”) with several financial institutions, each as a sales agent and/or principal (collectively, the “Managers”). Under the terms of the Equity Shelf Agreements, we may sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, through or to the Managers having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $500 million. Sales of the shares, if any, are made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange at market prices, or as otherwise agreed with the applicable Manager. We pay each Manager compensation for sales of the shares equal to 2% of the gross sales price per share for shares sold through such Manager under the applicable Equity Shelf Agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we issued approximately 0.7 million shares under the 2015 Equity Shelf Program, at an average price of $29.97 per share, net of issuance costs, generating net proceeds of approximately $19.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we issued approximately 0.7 million shares under the 2015 Equity Shelf Program, at an average price of $30.81 per share, net of issuance costs, generating net proceeds of approximately $22.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we issued approximately 2.3 million shares under the 2015 Equity Shelf Program, at an average price of $33.18 per share, net of issuance costs, generating net proceeds of approximately $75.5 million. Dividends In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to (A) the sum of (i) 90% of our “REIT taxable income” (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain), and (ii) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of non-cash income. In addition, if we dispose of any built-in gain asset during a recognition period, we will be required to distribute at least 90% of the built-in gain (after tax), if any, recognized on the disposition of such asset. Such distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration. In addition, such distributions are required to be made pro rata, with no preference to any share of stock as compared with other shares of the same class, and with no preference to one class of stock as compared with another class except to the extent that such class is entitled to such a preference. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or do distribute at least 90%, but less than 100% of our “REIT taxable income” as adjusted, we will be subject to tax thereon at regular ordinary and capital gain corporate tax rates. In 2018 we paid dividends of $528.7 million to our common stockholders. 68 Common Dividends The Board has declared common stock dividends as set forth below: Record Date January 31, 2018 April 30, 2018 July 31, 2018 October 31, 2018 January 31, 2019 Payment Date February 15, 2018 May 15, 2018 August 15, 2018 November 15, 2018 February 15, 2019 Dividend per Common Share $0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 On the same dates listed above, the Omega OP Unit holders received the same distributions per unit as those paid to the common stockholders of Omega. Liquidity We believe our liquidity and various sources of available capital, including cash from operations, our existing availability under our credit facilities, facility sales and expected proceeds from mortgage and other investment payoffs are adequate to finance operations, meet recurring debt service requirements and fund future investments through the next twelve months. We regularly review our liquidity needs, the adequacy of cash flow from operations, and other expected liquidity sources to meet these needs. We believe our principal short-term liquidity needs are to fund: • • • • • normal recurring expenses; debt service payments; capital improvement programs; common stock dividends; and growth through acquisitions of additional properties. The primary source of liquidity is our cash flows from operations. Operating cash flows have historically been determined by: (i) the number of facilities we lease or have mortgages on; (ii) rental and mortgage rates; (iii) our debt service obligations; (iv) general and administrative expenses and (v) our operators’ ability to pay amounts owed. The timing, source and amount of cash flows provided by or used in financing activities and in investing activities are sensitive to the capital markets environment, especially to changes in interest rates. Changes in the capital markets environment may impact the availability of cost-effective capital and affect our plans for acquisition and disposition activity. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled $11.7 million as of December 31, 2018, a decrease of $85.1 million as compared to the balance at December 31, 2017. The following is a discussion of changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Operating Activities — Operating activities generated $499.4 million of net cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $577.9 million for the same period in 2017, a decrease of $78.5 million which is primarily due to the loss of direct financing lease income from Orianna and a $50.0 million payment to one of our operators to acquire a portion of their in-the-money purchase option of which approximately $28.4 million was recorded as a lease inducement. Investing Activities — Net cash flow from investing activities was an outflow of $173.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to an outflow of $285.1 million for the same period in 2017. The $111.9 million change in cash flow from investing activities related primarily to (i) a $280.3 million decrease in real estate acquisitions, (ii) a $51.8 million increase in proceeds from sale of real estate investments, (iii) a $7.9 million decrease in capital improvements to real estate investments and (iv) a $6.0 million increase in receipts from insurance proceeds. Offsetting these changes were: (i) a $161.0 million increase in other investments — net primarily related to funding more other investments in 2018, (ii) a 69 $52.8 million increase in investments in construction in progress in 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, (iii) a $12.3 million decrease in proceeds from the sale of direct financing lease assets and (iv) a $6.1 million increase in mortgages — net primarily related to funding additional mortgages in 2018. Financing Activities — Net cash flow from financing activities was an outflow of $410.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to an outflow of $303.8 million for the same period in 2017. The $106.9 million change in cash from financing activities was primarily related to (i) a net $77.0 million decrease in cash proceeds from our credit facility, (ii) a net $96.0 million decrease in cash from our other long-term borrowings, primarily resulting from the second quarter 2017 issuance of $550.0 million 4.75% Senior Notes due 2028 and $150.0 million 4.5% Senior Notes due 2025, offset by the repayment of the $400.0 million 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024 and (iii) a $26.1 million increase in dividends paid, offset by (i) a $53.4 million increase in cash proceeds from the issuance of common stock in 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, (ii) a $29.2 million decrease in financing related costs in 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017 and (iii) a $10.1 million increase in net proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan in 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. These policies were followed in preparing the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We have identified four significant accounting policies that we believe are critical accounting policies. These critical accounting policies are those that have the most impact on the reporting of our financial condition and those requiring significant assumptions, judgments and estimates. With respect to these critical accounting policies, we believe the application of assumptions, judgments and estimates is consistently applied and produces financial information that fairly presents the results of operations for all periods presented. The four critical accounting policies are: Lease Accounting At the inception of the lease and during the amendment process, we evaluate each lease to determine if the lease should be considered an operating lease, sales-type lease, or direct financing lease. As of December 31, 2018, we have determined that all but three of our leases should be accounted for as operating leases. The other three leases are accounted for as direct financing leases. For leases accounted for as operating leases, we retain ownership of the asset and record depreciation expense. We also record lease revenue based on the contractual terms of the operating lease agreement which often includes annual rent escalators, see “Revenue Recognition and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts” below for further discussion regarding the recordation of revenue on our operating leases. For leases accounted for as direct financing leases, we record the present value of the future minimum lease payments (utilizing a constant interest rate over the term of the lease agreement) as a receivable and record interest income based on the contractual terms of the lease agreement. Certain direct financing leases include annual rent escalators; see “Revenue Recognition and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts” below for further discussion regarding the recording of interest income on our direct financing leases. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we have no unamortized direct costs related to originating our direct financing leases recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Revenue Recognition and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We have various different investments that generate revenue, including leased and mortgaged properties, as well as other investments, which include secured and unsecured loans. We recognize rental income and other investment income as earned over the terms of the related leases and notes, respectively. 70 Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected using the effective interest method. In applying the effective interest method, the effective yield on a loan is determined based on its contractual payment terms, adjusted for prepayment terms. Substantially all of our operating leases contain provisions for specified annual increases over the rents of the prior year and are generally computed in one of three methods depending on specific provisions of each lease as follows: (i) a specific annual increase over the prior year’s rent, generally between 2.0% and 3.0%; (ii) an increase based on the change in pre-determined formulas from year to year (e.g. increases in the Consumer Price Index); or (iii) specific dollar increases over prior years. Revenue under lease arrangements with minimum fixed and determinable increases is recognized over the non-cancellable term of the lease on a straight-line basis. The authoritative guidance does not provide for the recognition of contingent revenue until all possible contingencies have been eliminated. We consider the operating history of the lessee, the payment history, the general condition of the industry and various other factors when evaluating whether all possible contingencies have been eliminated. In the case of rental revenue recognized on a straight-line basis, we generally record reserves against earned revenues from leases when collection becomes questionable or when negotiations for restructurings of troubled operators result in significant uncertainty regarding ultimate collection. The amount of the reserve is estimated based on what management believes will likely be collected. We continually evaluate the collectability of our straight-line rent assets. If it appears that we will not collect future rent due under our leases, we will record a provision for loss related to the straight-line rent asset. We record direct financing lease income on a constant interest rate basis over the term of the lease. Costs related to originating the direct financing leases are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction to income from direct financing leases over the term of the direct financing leases. Allowances are provided against earned revenues from direct financing leases when collection of amounts due becomes questionable or when negotiations for restructurings of troubled operators lead to lower expectations regarding ultimate collection. Mortgage interest income and other investment income is recognized as earned over the terms of the related mortgage notes or other investment, typically using the effective yield method. Allowances are provided against earned revenues from mortgage interest or other investment income when collection of amounts due becomes questionable or when negotiations for restructurings of troubled operators lead to lower expectations regarding ultimate collection. On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09 and its subsequent updates using a modified retrospective approach. As a result of adopting ASU 2014-09, we recognize any gains when we transfer the related control of a property and when it is probable that we will collect substantially all of consideration. As a result of adopting ASU 2014-09 and its updates on January 1, 2018, the Company recognized $10.0 million of deferred gain resulting from the sale of facilities to a third-party in December 2017 through opening equity on January 1, 2018. We review our accounts receivable to determine their collectability. The determination of collectability of these assets requires significant judgment and is affected by several factors relating to the credit quality of our operators that we regularly monitor, including (i) payment history, (ii) the age of the contractual receivables, (iii) the current economic conditions and reimbursement environment, (iv) the ability of the tenant to perform under the terms of their lease and/or contractual loan agreements and (v) the value of the underlying collateral of the agreement. If we determine collectability of any of our contractual receivables is at risk, we estimate the potential uncollectible amounts and provide an allowance. In the case of a lease recognized on a straight-line basis, a mortgage recognized on an effective yield basis or the existence of lease inducements, we generally provide an allowance for straight-line, effective interest, and or lease inducement accounts receivable when certain conditions or indicators of adverse collectability are present. If the accounts receivable balance is subsequently deemed uncollectible, the receivable and allowance for doubtful account balance are written off. Depreciation and Real Estate Investment Impairment Under GAAP, real estate assets are stated at the lower of depreciated cost or fair value, if deemed impaired. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from 71 20 to 40 years for buildings, eight to 15 years for site improvements, and three to ten years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Leasehold interests are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or term of the lease. Management evaluates our real estate investments for impairment indicators at each reporting period, including the evaluation of our assets’ useful lives. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as, but not limited to, market conditions, operator performance including the current payment status of contractual obligations and expectations of the ability to meet future contractual obligations, legal structure, as well as our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the asset. If indicators of impairment are present, management evaluates the carrying value of the related real estate investments in relation to management’s estimate of future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying facilities. The estimated future undiscounted cash flows are generally based on the related lease which relates to one or more properties and may include cash flows from the eventual disposition of the asset. In some instances, there may be various potential outcomes for a real estate investment and its potential future cash flows. In these instances, the undiscounted future cash flows used to assess the recoverability are probability-weighted based on management’s best estimates as of the date of evaluation. Provisions for impairment losses related to long-lived assets are recognized when expected future undiscounted cash flows based on our intended use of the property are determined to be less than the carrying values of the assets. An adjustment is made to the net carrying value of the real estate investments for the excess of carrying value over fair value. The fair value of the real estate investment is determined based on current market conditions and considers matters such as rental rates and occupancies for comparable properties, recent sales data for comparable properties, and, where applicable, contracts or the results of negotiations with purchasers or prospective purchasers. Additionally, our evaluation of fair value may consider valuing the property as a nursing home as well as alternative uses. All impairments are taken as a period cost at that time, and depreciation is adjusted going forward to reflect the new value assigned to the asset. Management’s impairment evaluation process, and when applicable, impairment calculations involve estimation of the future cash flows from management’s intended use of the property as well as the fair value of the property. Changes in the facts and circumstances that drive management’s assumptions may result in an impairment to our assets in a future period that could be material to our results of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized impairment losses on real estate investments of $29.8 million, $99.1 million and $58.7 million, respectively. Allowance for Losses on Mortgages, Other Investments and Direct Financing Leases The allowances for losses on mortgage notes receivable, other investments and direct financing leases (collectively, our “loans”) are maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb potential losses. The determination of the allowances is based on a quarterly evaluation of these loans, including general economic conditions and estimated collectability of loan payments. We evaluate the collectability of our loans based on a combination of factors, including, but not limited to, delinquency status, financial strength of the borrower and guarantors, if applicable, and the value of the underlying collateral. If such factors indicate that there is greater risk of loan charge-offs, additional allowances or placement on non-accrual status may be required. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due as scheduled according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. Consistent with this definition, all loans on non-accrual status may be deemed impaired. To the extent circumstances improve and the risk of collectability is diminished, we will return these loans to full accrual status. When management identifies potential loan impairment indicators, the loan is written down to the present value of the expected future cash flows. In cases where expected future cash flows are not readily determinable, the loan is written down to the fair value of the underlying collateral, if applicable. We may base our valuation on a loan’s observable market price, if any, or the fair value of collateral, net of sales costs, if the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the collateral. We currently account for impaired loans using (a) the cost-recovery method, and/or (b) the cash basis method. We generally utilize the cost-recovery method for impaired loans for which impairment reserves were recorded. We utilize the cash basis method for impaired loans for which no impairment reserves were recorded because the net present value of the discounted cash flows expected under the loan and/or the 72 underlying collateral supporting the loan were equal to or exceeded the book value of the loan. Under the cost-recovery method, we apply cash received against the outstanding loan balance prior to recording interest income. Under the cash basis method, we apply cash received to principal or interest income based on the terms of the agreement. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had $108.1 million and $177.5 million, respectively, of reserves on our loans. Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We are exposed to various market risks, including the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates. We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, but we seek to mitigate the effects of fluctuations in interest rates by matching the term of new investments with new long-term fixed rate borrowings to the extent possible. The following disclosures of estimated fair value of financial instruments are subjective in nature and are dependent on a number of important assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows, risks, discount rates and relevant comparable market information associated with each financial instrument. Readers are cautioned that many of the statements contained in these paragraphs are forward-looking and should be read in conjunction with our disclosures under the heading “Forward-looking Statements, Reimbursement Issues and Other Factors Affecting Future Results” set forth above. The use of different market assumptions and estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the reported estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts we would realize in a current market exchange. Mortgage notes receivable — The fair value of mortgage notes receivable is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Direct financing leases — The fair value of the investments in direct financing leases are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates being offered for similar leases to borrowers with similar credit ratings. In addition, we may estimate the fair value of its investment based on the estimated fair value of the collateral using a market approach which reflects of the expected proceeds from the buyer based on the terms of the sale agreement. Other investments — The fair value of other investments is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Borrowings under variable rate agreements — Our variable rate debt as of December 31, 2018 includes our credit facilities and term loans. The fair value of our borrowings under variable rate agreements is estimated using an expected present value technique based on expected cash flows discounted using the current credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Senior unsecured notes — The fair value of the senior unsecured notes is estimated based on open market trading activity provided by third parties. The market value of our long-term fixed rate borrowings and mortgages is subject to interest rate risks. Generally, the market value of fixed rate financial instruments will decrease as interest rates rise and increase as interest rates fall. The estimated fair value of our total long-term borrowings at December 31, 2018 was approximately $4.6 billion. A one percent increase in interest rates would result in a decrease in the fair value of long-term borrowings by approximately $227.2 million at December 31, 2018. We may enter into certain types of derivative financial instruments to further reduce interest rate risk. We use interest rate swap agreements, for example, to convert some of our variable rate debt to a fixed-rate basis or to hedge anticipated financing transactions. We use derivatives for hedging purposes rather than speculation and do not enter into financial instruments for trading purposes. We entered into interest rate swap agreements that effectively fixed the interest rate on the Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility at 3.8005% per annum beginning December 30, 2016 through its maturity date and extension options, subject to adjustments based on our consolidated leverage ratio. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, $4.0 million and 73 $1.5 million, respectively, of qualifying cash flow hedges were recorded at fair value in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The forward-starting swap contract was deemed to be a highly effective cash flow hedge and we elected to designate the forward-starting swap contract as an accounting hedge. Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The consolidated financial statements and the report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, on such financial statements are filed as part of this report beginning on page F-77. The summary of unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is included in Note 22 — Summary of Quarterly Results (Unaudited) to our audited consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference in response to Item 302 of Regulation S-K. Item 9 — Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A — Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act are controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In connection with the preparation of our Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, management evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures of Omega, and Omega OP (for purposes of this Item 9A, the “Companies”) as of December 31, 2018. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Companies concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures of the Companies were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2018. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by a company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that: • • • Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 74 All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. In connection with the preparation of this Form 10-K, our management assessed the effectiveness of the Companies’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making that assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (“2013 framework”). Based on management’s assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2018, the Companies’ internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria. The independent registered public accounting firm’s attestation reports regarding each of the Companies’ internal control over financial reporting is included in the 2018 financial statements under the caption entitled Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and is incorporated herein by reference. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in the Companies’ internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 identified in connection with the evaluation of their disclosure controls and procedures described above that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B — Other Information None. 75 PART III Item 10 — Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. For information regarding executive officers of our Company, see Item 1 — Business — Executive Officers of Our Company. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We have adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“Code of Ethics”) that applies to all of our directors and employees, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer and controller. A copy of our Code of Ethics is available on our website at www.omegahealthcare.com. Any amendment to our Code of Ethics or any waiver of our Code of Ethics will be disclosed on our website at www.omegahealthcare.com promptly following the date of such amendment or waiver. Item 11 — Executive Compensation The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. Item 12 — Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. Item 13 — Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. Item 14 — Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A. 76 PART IV Item 15 — Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a)(1) Listing of Consolidated Financial Statements Title of Document Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page Number F-1 F-3 Consolidated Financial Statements of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-7 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-8 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-10 Consolidated Financial Statements of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, F-11 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-12 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-13 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Owners’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-14 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-15 F-16 (a)(2) Listing of Financial Statement Schedules. The following consolidated financial statement schedules are included herein: Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schedule III — Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schedule IV — Mortgage Loans on Real Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-63 F-64 F-67 All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable or have been omitted because sufficient information has been included in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 77 (a)(3) Listing of Exhibits — See “Index to Exhibits” beginning on Page I-1 of this report. (b) Exhibits — See “Index to Exhibits” beginning on Page I-1 of this report. (c) Financial Statement Schedules — The following consolidated financial statement schedules are included herein: Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Schedule III — Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation Schedule IV — Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Item 16 — Summary Registrants may voluntarily include a summary of information required by Form 10-K under this Item 16. We have elected not to include such summary information. 78 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 26, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. (PCAOB), Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Ernst & Young, LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1992. Baltimore, Maryland February 26, 2019 F-1 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) and our report dated February 26, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young, LLP Baltimore, Maryland February 26, 2019 F-2 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Partners of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (the Partnership) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in owners’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Partnership at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 26, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. (PCAOB), Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Partnership’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Ernst & Young, LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017. Baltimore, Maryland February 26, 2019 F-3 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Partners of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (the Partnership) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in owners’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) and our report dated February 26, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Partnership’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Baltimore, Maryland February 26, 2019 F-4 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except per share amounts) December 31, 2018 2017 Real estate properties ASSETS Real estate investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,746,410 $ 7,655,960 Less accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,562,619) (1,376,828) Real estate investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,183,791 6,279,132 Investments in direct financing leases – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage notes receivable – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment in unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets held for sale – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,262 710,858 364,965 671,232 7,026,911 7,315,329 504,626 31,045 989 276,342 36,516 86,699 Total investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,563,571 7,714,886 Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable – net Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,300 1,371 347,377 643,950 24,308 85,937 10,871 279,334 644,690 37,587 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8,590,877 $ 8,773,305 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Revolving line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Term loans – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secured borrowings – net Senior notes and other unsecured borrowings – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses and other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 313,000 898,726 — 3,328,896 272,172 13,599 $ 290,000 904,670 53,098 3,324,390 295,142 17,747 Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,826,393 4,885,047 Equity: Common stock $.10 par value authorized – 350,000 shares, issued and outstanding – 202,346 shares as of December 31, 2018 and 198,309 as of December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common stock – additional paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cumulative net earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cumulative dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,235 5,074,544 2,130,511 (3,739,197) (41,652) 3,444,441 320,043 19,831 4,936,302 1,839,356 (3,210,248) (30,150) 3,555,091 333,167 Total equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,764,484 3,888,258 Total liabilities and equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8,590,877 $ 8,773,305 See accompanying notes. F-5 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share amounts) Revenue Rental income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total operating revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenses Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment on real estate properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment on direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other operating income Gain on assets sold – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (expense) Interest income and other – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest – amortization of deferred financing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest – refinancing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contractual settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain (loss) on foreign exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income available to common stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Earnings per common share available to common stockholders: Basic: Net income available to common stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 $ 767,340 1,636 70,312 40,228 2,166 881,682 $ 775,176 32,336 66,202 29,225 5,446 908,385 $ 743,885 62,298 69,811 21,852 2,981 900,827 281,279 63,508 383 29,839 27,168 6,689 408,866 287,591 47,683 — 99,070 198,199 14,580 647,123 267,062 45,867 9,582 58,726 — 9,845 391,082 24,774 497,590 53,912 315,174 50,208 559,953 313 (192,462) (8,960) — — 32 (201,077) 296,513 (3,010) 381 293,884 (12,306) $ 281,578 267 (188,762) (9,516) (21,965) 10,412 311 (209,253) 105,921 (3,248) 2,237 104,910 (4,491) $ 100,419 173 (164,103) (9,345) (2,113) — (232) (175,620) 384,333 (1,405) 439 383,367 (16,952) $ 366,415 $ $ 1.41 1.40 200,279 209,711 $ $ 0.51 0.51 197,738 206,790 $ $ 1.91 1.90 191,781 201,635 See accompanying notes. F-6 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $293,884 $104,910 $383,367 Other comprehensive (loss) income: Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (14,532) 21,845 (46,535) Cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,531 2,883 (702) Total other comprehensive (loss) income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (12,001) 24,728 (47,237) Comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,883 129,638 336,130 Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest . . . . . . (11,807) (5,542) (14,830) Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders . . . . . . . . . . $270,076 $124,096 $321,300 See accompanying notes. F-7 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (in thousands, except per share amounts) Balance at December 31, 2015 (187,399 common shares & 8,956 Omega OP Units) Grant of restricted stock to company directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18,740 $4,609,474 $1,372,522 $(2,254,038) $ (8,712) $3,737,986 $362,879 $4,100,865 Common Stock Par Value Additional Paid-in Capital Cumulative Net Earnings Cumulative Dividends Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity (18 shares at $33.09 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . Vesting/exercising of equity compensation, net of tax withholdings (773 shares) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividend reinvestment plan (7,215 shares at $33.27 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grant of stock as payment of directors fees (10 shares at an average of $31.27 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred compensation directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equity Shelf Program (656 shares at $29.97 per share, net of issuance costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common dividends declared ($2.36 per share) . . . . . . Conversion of Omega OP Units to common stock (72 shares at $35.68 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redemption of Omega OP Units (94 units) Omega OP Units distributions Comprehensive income: Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2016 (196,142 shares & 8,862 Omega OP Units) Grant of restricted stock to company directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (32 shares at $31.23 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . Vesting/exercising of equity compensation, net of tax withholdings (116 shares) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividend reinvestment plan (1,199 shares at $30.64 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grant of stock as payment of directors fees (5 shares at . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred compensation directors (8 shares at $32.10 per . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an average of $32.18 per share) share) Equity Shelf Program (718 shares at $30.81 per share, net of issuance costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common dividends declared ($2.54 per share) . . . . . . Conversion of Omega OP Units to common stock (89 shares at $32.91 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redemption of Omega OP Units (90 units) Omega OP Units distributions Comprehensive income: Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2017 (198,309 shares & 8,772 Omega OP Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,614 4,861,408 1,738,937 (2,707,387) (53,827) 3,858,745 353,241 4,211,986 2 — 77 (2) 13,790 (23,503) 721 239,320 324 (129) 19,585 — 2,559 (10) — 3 — 12 (3) 15,212 (2,155) 120 36,602 149 108 22,048 — 2,933 — — 1 — 66 — 7 — — — — — 1 — 72 — 9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (453,349) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 13,790 (23,426) 240,041 325 (129) 19,651 (453,349) — — — — — — — — 2,566 (10) — — (3,289) (21,179) — — — — — 366,415 — (44,468) (647) — — — (44,468) (647) 366,415 (2,067) (55) 16,952 — 13,790 (23,426) 240,041 325 (129) 19,651 (453,349) 2,566 (3,299) (21,179) (46,535) (702) 383,367 336,130 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (502,861) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15,212 (2,143) 36,722 150 108 22,120 (502,861) — — — — — — — — 2,942 — — — (2,990) (22,626) 20,916 2,761 — 20,916 2,761 100,419 929 122 4,491 — 15,212 (2,143) 36,722 150 108 22,120 (502,861) 2,942 (2,990) (22,626) 21,845 2,883 104,910 129,638 — — — — — 100,419 19,831 4,936,302 1,839,356 (3,210,248) (30,150) 3,555,091 9,577 333,167 423 $ 3,888,258 10,000 $ Cumulative effect of accounting change (see Note 2) . . . . $ — $ — $ 9,577 $ — $ — $ See accompanying notes. F-8 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (continued) (in thousands, except per share amounts) Balance at January 1, 2018 (198,309 common shares & 8,772 Omega OP Units) Grant of restricted stock to company directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19,831 $4,936,302 $1,848,933 $(3,210,248) $(30,150) $3,564,668 $333,590 $3,898,258 Common Stock Par Value Additional Paid-in Capital Cumulative Net Earnings Cumulative Dividends Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity (35 shares at $30.51 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . Vesting/exercising of equity compensation plan, net of tax withholdings (89 shares) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividend reinvestment (1,549 shares at an average of 4 — 9 (4) 15,987 (1,663) $30.22 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 46,646 Deferred compensation directors (35 shares at $30.42 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equity Shelf Program (2,276 shares at $33.18 per share, net of issuance costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common dividends declared ($2.64 per share) . . . . . . Conversion of Omega OP Units to common stock (53 share at $32.98 per share) Redemption of Omega OP Units (58 units) Omega OP Units distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comprehensive income: Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2018 (202,346 shares & 250 75,304 — 1,722 — — 3 228 — 5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (528,949) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15,987 (1,654) 46,801 253 75,532 (528,949) 1,727 — — — — — — — 281,578 — (13,924) 2,422 — — — (13,924) 2,422 281,578 — — — — — — — — (1,861) (23,493) (608) 109 12,306 — 15,987 (1,654) 46,801 253 75,532 (528,949) 1,727 (1,861) (23,493) (14,532) 2,531 293,884 281,883 8,714 Omega OP Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,235 $5,074,544 $2,130,511 $(3,739,197) $(41,652) $3,444,441 $320,043 $3,764,484 See accompanying notes. F-9 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2018 $ 293,884 $ 104,910 $ 383,367 Cash flows from operating activities Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment on real estate properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment on direct financing leases Provision for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest – amortization of deferred financing costs and refinancing costs . . . . . . . . Accretion of direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain on assets sold – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of acquired in-place leases – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective yield receivable on mortgage notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest paid-in-kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change in operating assets and liabilities – net: Contractual receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Straight-line rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lease inducements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other operating assets and liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition of real estate Net proceeds from sale of real estate investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash acquired in acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of direct financing lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Placement of mortgage loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collection of mortgage principal Investments in unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture in excess of earnings . . . . . . . . . . Capital improvements to real estate investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receipts from insurance proceeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in investing activities 281,279 35,014 27,168 6,689 8,960 109 15,987 (24,774) (10,707) (1,068) (6,360) 2,368 (61,559) (32,738) (34,879) 499,373 (105,119) 309,586 — (139,441) — 20,979 (65,340) 26,088 — 5,471 (29,824) 8,717 (385,707) 181,371 (173,219) 287,591 99,070 198,199 14,580 19,711 (6,107) 15,212 (53,912) (11,910) (1,924) — (36,621) (25,240) (8,419) (17,228) 577,912 (385,418) 257,812 2,341 (86,689) (7,183) 33,306 (34,643) 1,529 — 12,175 (37,766) 2,754 (139,047) 95,696 (285,133) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from credit facility borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments on credit facility borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receipts of other long-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments of other long-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments of financing related costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receipts from dividend reinvestment plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments for exercised options and restricted stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net proceeds from issuance of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redemption of Omega OP Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distributions to Omega OP Unit Holders Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of foreign currency translation on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . . . . (Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,291,000 (1,268,000) — (2,049) (8) 46,801 (1,654) 75,532 (528,696) (134) (23,493) (410,701) (590) (85,137) 96,808 11,671 $ 1,687,000 (1,587,000) 1,346,749 (1,252,788) (29,198) 36,722 (2,143) 22,120 (502,603) (48) (22,626) (303,815) 568 (10,468) 107,276 96,808 $ See accompanying notes. F-10 267,062 58,726 — 9,845 11,458 (12,157) 13,790 (50,208) (13,991) (721) — (4,876) (42,091) 2,589 1,980 624,773 (959,748) 169,603 — (68,983) (2,080) — (48,722) 59,975 (50,032) 1,318 (40,471) — (271,557) 96,789 (1,113,908) 1,304,000 (1,344,000) 1,048,173 (181,249) (11,830) 240,041 (23,426) 19,651 (453,152) (733) (21,179) 576,296 84 87,245 20,031 107,276 $ OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands) December 31, 2018 2017 Real estate properties ASSETS Real estate investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,746,410 $ 7,655,960 Less accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,562,619) (1,376,828) Real estate investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,183,791 6,279,132 Investments in direct financing leases – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage notes receivable – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,262 710,858 364,965 671,232 7,026,911 7,315,329 Other investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment in unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets held for sale – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable – net Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504,626 31,045 989 7,563,571 10,300 1,371 347,377 643,950 24,308 276,342 36,516 86,699 7,714,886 85,937 10,871 279,334 644,690 37,587 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8,590,877 $ 8,773,305 LIABILITIES AND OWNERS’ EQUITY Term loan – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secured borrowings – net Accrued expenses and other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intercompany loans payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 99,553 — 211,277 13,599 4,501,964 $ 99,423 53,098 226,028 17,747 4,488,751 Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,826,393 4,885,047 Owners’ Equity: General partners’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limited partners’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,444,441 320,043 3,555,091 333,167 Total owners’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,764,484 3,888,258 Total liabilities and owners’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8,590,877 $ 8,773,305 See accompanying notes. F-11 OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share amounts) Revenue Rental income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total operating revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenses Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment on real estate properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment on direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other operating income Gain on assets sold – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (expense) Interest income and other – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest – amortization of deferred financing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest – refinancing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contractual settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain (loss) on foreign exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Earnings per unit: Basic: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 $ 767,340 1,636 70,312 40,228 2,166 881,682 $ 775,176 32,336 66,202 29,225 5,446 908,385 $ 743,885 62,298 69,811 21,852 2,981 900,827 281,279 63,508 383 29,839 27,168 6,689 408,866 287,591 47,683 — 99,070 198,199 14,580 647,123 267,062 45,867 9,582 58,726 — 9,845 391,082 24,774 497,590 53,912 315,174 50,208 559,953 313 (192,462) (8,960) — — 32 (201,077) 296,513 (3,010) 381 $ 293,884 267 (188,762) (9,516) (21,965) 10,412 311 (209,253) 105,921 (3,248) 2,237 $ 104,910 173 (164,103) (9,345) (2,113) — (232) (175,620) 384,333 (1,405) 439 $ 383,367 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average Omega OP Units outstanding, basic . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average Omega OP Units outstanding, diluted . . . . . . . . . $ $ 1.41 1.40 209,020 209,711 $ $ 0.51 0.51 206,521 206,790 $ $ 1.91 1.90 200,679 201,635 See accompanying notes. F-12 OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $293,884 $104,910 $383,367 Other comprehensive (loss) income: Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (14,532) 21,845 (46,535) Cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,531 2,883 (702) Total other comprehensive (loss) income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (12,001) 24,728 (47,237) Comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $281,883 $129,638 $336,130 See accompanying notes. F-13 OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN OWNERS’ EQUITY (in thousands) General Partners’ Omega OP Units Limited Partners’ Omega OP Units Total Omega OP Units General Partners’ Equity Limited Partners’ Equity Total Owners’ Equity Balance at December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . 187,399 8,956 196,355 $3,737,986 $362,879 $4,100,865 Contributions from partners . . . . . . . 8,743 Distributions to partners . . . . . . . . . Omega OP Unit redemptions . . . . . . Comprehensive income Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . Cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . — — — — — — — (94) — — — 8,743 252,818 — 252,818 — (94) — — — (453,349) (21,179) (474,528) (10) (3,289) (3,299) (44,468) (2,067) (46,535) (647) (55) (702) 366,415 16,952 383,367 336,130 Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . 196,142 8,862 205,004 3,858,745 353,241 4,211,986 Contributions from partners . . . . . . . 2,167 Distributions to partners . . . . . . . . . Omega OP Unit redemptions . . . . . . Comprehensive income Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . Cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . — — — — — — — (90) — — — 2,167 75,111 — 75,111 — (90) — — — (502,861) (22,626) (525,487) — (2,990) (2,990) 20,916 2,761 929 122 100,419 4,491 21,845 2,883 104,910 129,638 Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . 198,309 8,772 207,081 3,555,091 333,167 3,888,258 Cumulative effect of accounting change (see Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . — — — 9,577 423 10,000 Balance at January 1, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . 198,309 8,772 207,081 3,564,668 333,590 3,898,258 Contributions from partners . . . . . . . 4,037 Distributions to partners . . . . . . . . . Omega OP Unit redemptions . . . . . . Comprehensive income Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . Cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . — — — — — — — (58) — — — 4,037 138,646 — 138,646 — (58) — — — (528,949) (23,493) (552,442) — (1,861) (1,861) (13,924) 2,422 (608) 109 281,578 12,306 (14,532) 2,531 293,884 281,883 Balance at December 31, 2018 . . . . . . . 202,346 8,714 211,060 $3,444,441 $320,043 $3,764,484 See accompanying notes. F-14 OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2018 Cash flows from operating activities Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment on real estate properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment loss on direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest – amortization of deferred financing costs and refinancing costs . . . . . . Accretion of direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain on assets sold – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of acquired in-place leases – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective yield receivable on mortgage notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest paid-in-kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change in operating assets and liabilities – net: Contractual receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Straight-line rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lease inducements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other operating assets and liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net proceeds from sale of real estate investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash acquired in acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of direct financing lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Placement of mortgage loans Collection of mortgage principal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in unconsolidated joint venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture in excess of earnings . . . . . . . . Capital improvements to real estate investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receipts from insurance proceeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in other investments Proceeds from other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in investing activities $ 293,884 $ 104,910 $ 383,367 281,279 35,014 27,168 6,689 8,960 109 15,987 (24,774) (10,707) (1,068) (6,360) 2,368 (61,559) (32,738) (34,879) 499,373 (105,119) 309,586 — (139,441) — 20,979 (65,340) 26,088 — 5,471 (29,824) 8,717 (385,707) 181,371 (173,219) 287,591 99,070 198,199 14,580 19,711 (6,107) 15,212 (53,912) (11,910) (1,924) — (36,621) (25,240) (8,419) (17,228) 577,912 (385,418) 257,812 2,341 (86,689) (7,183) 33,306 (34,643) 1,529 — 12,175 (37,766) 2,754 (139,047) 95,696 (285,133) 267,062 58,726 — 9,845 11,458 (12,157) 13,790 (50,208) (13,991) (721) — (4,876) (42,091) 2,589 1,980 624,773 (959,748) 169,603 — (68,983) (2,080) — (48,722) 59,975 (50,032) 1,318 (40,471) — (271,557) 96,789 (1,113,908) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from intercompany loans payable to Omega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayment of intercompany loans payable to Omega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payment of financing related costs incurred by Omega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equity contributions from general partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distributions to general partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distributions to limited partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redemption of Omega OP Units Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of foreign currency translation on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . . . . (Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,291,000 (1,270,049) (8) 120,679 (528,696) (23,493) (134) (410,701) (590) (85,137) 96,808 11,671 $ 3,033,749 (2,839,788) (29,198) 56,699 (502,603) (22,626) (48) (303,815) 568 (10,468) 107,276 96,808 $ 2,352,173 (1,525,249) (11,830) 236,266 (453,152) (21,179) (733) 576,296 84 87,245 20,031 107,276 $ See accompanying notes. F-15 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Organization Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (“Omega”) was formed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and incorporated in the State of Maryland on March 31, 1992. Omega is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”) under which all of Omega’s assets are owned directly or indirectly by, and all of Omega’s operations are conducted directly or indirectly through, its operating partnership subsidiary, OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (“Omega OP”). Omega OP was formed as a limited partnership and organized in the State of Delaware on October 24, 2014. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” means Omega and Omega OP, collectively. The Company has one reportable segment consisting of investments in healthcare-related real estate properties located in the United States (“U.S.”) and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). Our core business is to provide financing and capital to the long-term healthcare industry with a particular focus on skilled nursing facilities (“SNFs”), and, to a lesser extent, assisted living facilities (“ALFs”), independent living facilities (“ILFs”) and rehabilitation and acute care facilities. Our core portfolio consists of long-term leases and mortgage agreements. All of our leases are “triple-net” leases, which require the operators (we use the term “operator” to refer to our tenants and mortgagors and their affiliates who manage and/or operate our properties) to pay all property-related expenses. Our mortgage revenue derives from fixed rate mortgage loans, which are secured by first mortgage liens on the underlying real estate and personal property of the mortgagor. Our other investment income derives from fixed and variable rate loans, which are either unsecured or secured by the collateral of the borrower. Omega OP is governed by the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of April 1, 2015 (the “Partnership Agreement”). Omega has exclusive control over Omega OP’s day-to-day management pursuant to the Partnership Agreement. As of December 31, 2018, Omega owned approximately 96% of the issued and outstanding units of partnership interest in Omega OP (“Omega OP Units”), and investors owned approximately 4% of the outstanding Omega OP Units. Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of (i) Omega, (ii) Omega OP, and (iii) all direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Omega OP. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation, and our net earnings are reduced by the portion of net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests. Omega OP’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of (i) Omega OP, and (ii) all direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Omega OP. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Accounting Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fair Value Measurement The Company measures and discloses the fair value of nonfinancial and financial assets and liabilities utilizing a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to a fair value measurement are F-16 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued considered to be observable or unobservable in a marketplace. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. These inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy: • • • Level 1 — quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2 — quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and Level 3 — fair value measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. The Company measures fair value using a set of standardized procedures that are outlined herein for all assets and liabilities which are required to be measured at fair value. When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from an independent third party source to determine fair value and classifies such items in Level 1. In some instances where a market price is available, but the instrument is in an inactive or over-the-counter market, the Company consistently applies the dealer (market maker) pricing estimate and classifies such items in Level 2. If quoted market prices or inputs are not available, fair value measurements are based upon valuation models that utilize current market or independently sourced market inputs, such as interest rates, option volatilities, credit spreads and/or market capitalization rates. Items valued using such internally-generated valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. As a result, these items could be classified in either Level 2 or Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are readily observable. Internal fair value models and techniques used by the Company include discounted cash flow and Monte Carlo valuation models. Risks and Uncertainties The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties affecting the healthcare industry as a result of healthcare legislation and growing regulation by federal, state and local governments. Additionally, we are subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of changes affecting operators of nursing home facilities due to the actions of governmental agencies and insurers to limit the rising cost of healthcare services. Business Combinations We record the purchase of properties to net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred as part of a business combination. In making estimates of fair value for purposes of recording the purchase, we utilize a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property and other market data. We also consider information obtained about each property as a result of our pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities as well as other critical valuation metrics such as current capitalization rates and discount rates used to estimate the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired (Level 3). When liabilities are assumed as part of a transaction, we consider information obtained about the liabilities and use similar valuation metrics (Level 3). In some instances when debt is assumed and an identifiable active market for similar debt is present, we use market interest rates for similar debt to estimate the fair value of the debt assumed (Level 2). The Company determines fair value as follows: • • Land is determined based on third party appraisals which typically include market comparables. Buildings and site improvements acquired are valued using a combination of discounted cash flow projections that assume certain future revenues and costs and consider capitalization and discount rates using current market conditions as well as replacement cost analysis. F-17 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued • • • • • • Furniture and fixtures are determined based on third party appraisals which typically utilize a replacement cost approach. Intangible assets and liabilities acquired are valued using a combination of discounted cash flow projections as well as other valuation techniques based on current market conditions for the intangible asset or liability being acquired. When evaluating below market leases we consider extension options controlled by the lessee in our evaluation. Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed are typically valued at stated amounts, which approximate fair value on the date of the acquisition. Assumed debt balances are valued by discounting the remaining contractual cash flows using a current market rate of interest. Stock based compensation and noncontrolling interests are valued using a stock price on the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the purchase price in excess of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the cost associated with expanding our investment portfolio. Goodwill is not amortized. Asset Acquisitions For asset acquisitions, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized by allocating the cost of the acquisition to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis and the costs of the acquisition are capitalized. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in an asset acquisition are determined in a consistent manner with the immediately preceding “Business Combinations” section. Variable Interest Entities GAAP requires us to identify entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights and to determine which business enterprise is the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). A VIE is broadly defined as an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a) the total equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance the entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support; (b) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack (i) the ability to make decisions about the entity’s activities through voting or similar rights, (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (iii) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; or (c) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportional to their economic interests, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve, or are conducted on behalf of, an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. We may change our original assessment of a VIE upon subsequent events such as the modification of contractual arrangements that affects the characteristics or adequacy of the entity’s equity investments at risk and the disposition of all or a portion of an interest held by the primary beneficiary. Our variable interests in VIEs may be in the form of equity ownership, leases, guarantees and/or loans with our operators. We analyze our agreements and investments to determine whether our operators or unconsolidated joint venture are VIEs and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary. We consolidate a VIE when we determine that we are its primary beneficiary. We identify the primary beneficiary of a VIE as the enterprise that has both: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the entity. Factors considered in determining if any; (ii) our whether we are the primary beneficiary of an entity include: (i) our voting rights, F-18 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued involvement in day-to-day capital and operating decisions; (iii) our risk and reward sharing; (iv) the financial condition of the operator or joint venture and (iv) our representation on the VIE’s board of directors. We perform this analysis on an ongoing basis. As of December 31, 2018, we have not consolidated any VIEs, as we do not have the power to direct the activities of any VIEs that most significantly impact their economic performance and we do not have the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the VIEs that could be significant to the entity. Real Estate Investments and Depreciation The costs of significant improvements, renovations and replacements, including interest are capitalized. including when we In addition, we capitalize leasehold improvements when certain criteria are met, supervise construction and will own the improvement. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as they are incurred. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from 20 to 40 years for buildings, eight to 15 years for site improvements, and three to ten years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Leasehold interests are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or term of the lease. Lease Accounting At the inception of the lease and during the amendment process, we evaluate each lease to determine if the lease should be considered an operating lease, sales-type lease, or direct financing lease. As of December 31, 2018, we have determined that all but three of our leases should be accounted for as operating leases. The other three leases are accounted for as direct financing leases. For leases accounted for as operating leases, we retain ownership of the asset and record depreciation expense, see “Business Combinations” and “Real Estate Investments and Depreciation” above for additional information regarding our investment in real estate leased under operating lease agreements. We also record lease revenue based on the contractual terms of the operating lease agreement which often includes annual rent escalators, see “Revenue Recognition” below for further discussion regarding the recordation of revenue on our operating leases. For leases accounted for as direct financing leases, we record the present value of the future minimum lease payments (utilizing a constant interest rate over the term of the lease agreement) as a receivable and record interest income based on the contractual terms of the lease agreement. Certain direct financing leases include annual rent escalators; see “Revenue Recognition” below for further discussion regarding the recording of interest income on our direct financing leases. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we have no unamortized direct costs related to originating our direct financing leases recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In-Place Leases In-place lease assets and liabilities result when we assume a lease as part of a facility purchase or business combination. The fair value of in-place leases consists of the following components, as applicable (1) the estimated cost to replace the leases, and (2) the above or below market cash flow of the leases, determined by comparing the projected cash flows of the leases in place at the time of acquisition to projected cash flows of comparable market-rate leases (referred to as Lease Intangibles). Lease intangible assets and liabilities are classified as lease contracts above and below market value, respectively, in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and amortized on a straight-line basis as decreases and increases, respectively, to rental income over the estimated remaining term of the underlying leases. Should a tenant terminate the lease, the unamortized portion of the lease intangible is recognized immediately as an adjustment to rental income. F-19 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Real Estate Investment Impairment Management evaluates our real estate investments for impairment indicators at each reporting period, including the evaluation of our assets’ useful lives. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as, but not limited to, market conditions, operator performance including the current payment status of contractual obligations and expectations of the ability to meet future contractual obligations, legal structure, as well as our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the asset. If indicators of impairment are present, management evaluates the carrying value of the related real estate investments in relation to management’s estimate of future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying facilities. The estimated future undiscounted cash flows are generally based on the related lease which relates to one or more properties and may include cash flows from the eventual disposition of the asset. In some instances, there may be various potential outcomes for a real estate investment and its potential future cash flows. In these instances, the undiscounted future cash flows used to assess the recoverability are probability-weighted based on management’s best estimates as of the date of evaluation. Provisions for impairment losses related to long-lived assets are recognized when expected future undiscounted cash flows based on our intended use of the property are determined to be less than the carrying values of the assets. An adjustment is made to the net carrying value of the real estate investments for the excess of carrying value over fair value. The fair value of the real estate investment is determined based on current market conditions and consider matters such as rental rates and occupancies for comparable properties, recent sales data for comparable properties, and, where applicable, contracts or the results of negotiations with purchasers or prospective purchasers. Additionally, our evaluation of fair value may consider valuing the property as a nursing home as well as alternative uses. All impairments are taken as a period cost at that time, and depreciation is adjusted going forward to reflect the new value assigned to the asset. Management’s impairment evaluation process, and when applicable, impairment calculations involve estimation of the future cash flows from management’s intended use of the property as well as the fair value of the property. Changes in the facts and circumstances that drive management’s assumptions may result in an impairment to our assets in a future period that could be material to our results of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized impairment losses on real estate investments of $29.8 million, $99.1 million and $58.7 million, respectively. Allowance for Losses on Mortgages, Other Investments and Direct Financing Leases The allowances for losses on mortgage notes receivable, other investments and direct financing leases (collectively, our “loans”) are maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb potential losses. The determination of the allowances is based on a quarterly evaluation of these loans, including general economic conditions and estimated collectability of loan payments. We evaluate the collectability of our loans receivable based on a combination of factors, including, but not limited to, delinquency status, financial strength of the borrower and guarantors and the value of the underlying collateral. If such factors indicate that there is greater risk of loan charge-offs, additional allowances or placement on non-accrual status may be required. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due as scheduled according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. Consistent with this definition, all loans on non-accrual status may be deemed impaired. To the extent circumstances improve and the risk of collectability is diminished, we will return these loans to full accrual status. When management identifies potential loan impairment indicators, the loan is written down to the present value of the expected future cash flows. In cases where expected future cash flows are not readily determinable, the loan is written down to the fair value of the underlying collateral. We may base our valuation on a loan’s observable market price, if any, or the fair value of collateral, net of sales costs, if the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the collateral. We account for impaired loans and direct financing leases using (a) the cost-recovery method, and/or (b) the cash basis method. We generally utilize the cost-recovery method for impaired loans or direct financing leases for which impairment reserves were recorded. We utilize the cash basis method for impaired F-20 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued loans or direct financing leases for which no impairment reserves were recorded because the net present value of the discounted cash flows expected under the loan or direct financing lease and/or the underlying collateral supporting the loan or direct financing lease were equal to or exceeded the book value of the loans or direct financing leases. Under the cost-recovery method, we apply cash received against the outstanding loan balance or direct financing lease prior to recording interest income. Under the cash basis method, we apply cash received to principal or interest income based on the terms of the agreement. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had $108.1 million and $177.5 million, respectively, of reserves on our loans. Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture We account for our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture using the equity method of accounting as we exercise significant influence, but do not control the entity. Under the equity method of accounting, the net equity investment of the Company is reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Company’s share of net income and comprehensive income from the joint venture is included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, respectively. On a periodic basis, management assesses whether there are any indicators that the value of the Company’s investment in the unconsolidated joint venture may be other-than-temporarily-impaired. An investment is impaired only if management’s estimate of the value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment, and such a decline in value is deemed to be other than-temporary. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the estimated fair value of the investment. The estimated fair value of the investment is determined using a discounted cash flow model which is a Level 3 valuation. We consider a number of assumptions that are subject to economic and market uncertainties including, among others, rental rates, operating costs, capitalization rates, holding periods and discount rates. No impairment loss on our investment in unconsolidated joint venture was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, or 2016. Assets Held for Sale We consider properties to be assets held for sale when (1) management commits to a plan to sell the property; (2) it is unlikely that the disposal plan will be significantly modified or discontinued; (3) the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition; (4) actions required to complete the sale of the property have been initiated; (5) sale of the property is probable and we expect the completed sale will occur within one year; and (6) the property is actively being marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable given our estimate of current market value. Upon designation of a property as an asset held for sale, we record the property’s value at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell, and we cease depreciation. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less when purchased. These investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The majority of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are held at major commercial banks. Certain cash account balances exceed FDIC insurance limits of $250,000 per account and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts in excess of the insurance limits. We regularly monitor the financial stability of these financial institutions and believe that we are not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash, cash equivalents or restricted cash. F-21 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists primarily of liquidity deposits escrowed for tenant obligations required by us pursuant to certain contractual terms. Prior to June 1, 2018, restricted cash also included other deposits required by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) in connection with our mortgage borrowings guaranteed by HUD. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable includes: contractual receivables, effective yield interest receivables, straight-line rent receivables and lease inducements, net of an estimated provision for losses related to uncollectible and disputed accounts. Contractual receivables relate to the amounts currently owed to us under the terms of our lease and loan agreements. Effective yield interest receivables relate to the difference between the interest income recognized on an effective yield basis over the term of the loan agreement and the interest currently due to us according to the contractual agreement. Straight-line rent receivables relate to the difference between the rental revenue recognized on a straight-line basis and the amounts currently due to us according to the contractual agreement. Lease inducements result from value provided by us to the lessee, at the inception or renewal of the lease, and are amortized as a reduction of rental revenue over the non-cancellable lease term. On a quarterly basis, we review our accounts receivable to determine their collectability. The determination of collectability of these assets requires significant judgment and is affected by several factors relating to the credit quality of our operators that we regularly monitor, including (i) payment history, (ii) the age of the contractual receivables, (iii) the current economic conditions and reimbursement environment, (iv) the ability of the tenant to perform under the terms of their lease and/or contractual loan agreements and (v) the value of the underlying collateral of the agreement. If we determine collectability of any of our contractual receivables is at risk, we estimate the potential uncollectible amounts and provide an allowance. In the case of a lease recognized on a straight-line basis, a loan recognized on an effective yield basis or the existence of lease inducements, we generally provide an allowance for straight-line, effective interest, and or lease inducement accounts receivable when certain conditions or indicators of adverse collectability are present. If the accounts receivable balance is subsequently deemed uncollectible, the receivable and allowance for doubtful account balance are written off. A summary of our net receivables by type is as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Contractual receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective yield interest receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Straight-line rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lease inducements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 34,901 12,741 251,166 49,644 (1,075) $ 43,258 11,673 216,054 16,812 (8,463) Accounts receivable – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $347,377 $279,334 In 2018, we paid an existing operator approximately $50 million in exchange for a reduction of such operator’s participation in an in-the-money purchase option. As a result, we recorded an approximate $28 million lease inducement that will be amortized as a reduction to rental income over the remaining term of the lease. The remaining $22 million was recorded as a reduction to the initial contingent liability which is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In 2018, we wrote-off approximately $11.5 million of straight-line rent receivables and contractual receivables to provision for uncollectible accounts, as a result of facility transitions and placing an operator on a cash basis. The provision for uncollectible accounts was offset by a recovery of approximately $4.8 million. F-22 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued In 2017, we recorded a provision for uncollectible accounts of approximately $9.3 million related to contractual and straight-line rent receivables for one of our operators and approximately $4.1 million of provision for uncollectible accounts, net of recoveries related to contractual and straight-line receivables of other operators and/or facilities that we intend to exit or transition. In 2016, we wrote-off approximately $4.3 million of straight-line rent receivable. The write-off primarily related to the transition of facilities from a former operator to a current operator. Goodwill Impairment We assess goodwill for potential impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or during the year if an event or other circumstance indicates that we may not be able to recover the carrying amount of the net assets of the reporting unit. In evaluating goodwill for impairment on an interim basis, we assess qualitative factors such as a significant decline in real estate valuations, current macroeconomic conditions, state of the equity and capital markets and our overall financial and operating performance or a significant decline in the value of our market capitalization, to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. On an annual basis during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or on an interim basis if we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a two-step goodwill impairment test to identify potential impairment and measure the amount of impairment we will recognize, if any. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. In the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test (“Step 1”), we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its net book value, including goodwill. As the Company has only one reporting unit, the fair value of the reporting unit is determined by reference to the market capitalization of the Company as determined through quoted market prices and adjusted for other relevant factors. A potential impairment exists if the fair value of the reporting unit is lower than its net book value. The second step (“Step 2”) of the process is only performed if a potential impairment exists, and it involves determining the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit’s net assets other than goodwill and the fair value of the reporting unit. If the difference is less than the net book value of goodwill, impairment exists and is recorded. The Company has not been required to perform Step 2 of the process because the fair value of the reporting unit has significantly exceeded its book value at the measurement date. There was no impairment of goodwill during 2018, 2017, or 2016. Income Taxes Omega and its wholly owned subsidiaries were organized to qualify for taxation as a REIT under Section 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”). As long as we qualify as a REIT; we will not be subject to federal income taxes on the REIT taxable income that we distributed to stockholders, subject to certain exceptions. However, with respect to certain of our subsidiaries that have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”), we record income tax expense or benefit, as those entities are subject to federal income tax similar to regular corporations. Omega OP is a pass through entity for United States federal income tax purposes. We account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method and recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in our financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Any increase or decrease in the deferred tax liability that results from a change in circumstances, and that causes us to change our judgment about expected future tax consequences of events, is included in the tax provision when such changes occur. Deferred income taxes also reflect the impact of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided if we believe it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the F-23 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued deferred tax asset will not be realized. Any increase or decrease in the valuation allowance that results from a change in circumstances, and that causes us to change our judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset, is included in the tax provision when such changes occur. Revenue Recognition We have various different investments that generate revenue, including leased and mortgaged properties, as well as other investments, which include secured and unsecured loans. We recognize rental income and other investment income as earned over the terms of the related leases and notes, respectively. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected using the effective interest method. In applying the effective interest method, the effective yield on a loan is determined based on its contractual payment terms, adjusted for prepayment terms. Substantially all of our operating leases contain provisions for specified annual increases over the rents of the prior year and are generally computed in one of three methods depending on specific provisions of each lease as follows: (i) a specific annual increase over the prior year’s rent, generally between 2.0% and 3.0%; (ii) an increase based on the change in pre-determined formulas from year to year (e.g. increases in the Consumer Price Index); or (iii) specific dollar increases over prior years. Revenue under lease arrangements with minimum fixed and determinable increases is recognized over the non-cancellable term of the lease on a straight-line basis. The authoritative guidance does not provide for the recognition of contingent revenue until all possible contingencies have been eliminated. We consider the operating history of the lessee, the payment history, the general condition of the industry and various other factors when evaluating whether all possible contingencies have been eliminated. In the case of rental revenue recognized on a straight-line basis, we generally record reserves against earned revenues from leases when collection becomes questionable or when negotiations for restructurings of troubled operators result in significant uncertainty regarding ultimate collection. The amount of the reserve is estimated based on what management believes will likely be collected. We continually evaluate the collectability of our straight-line rent assets. If it appears that we will not collect future rent due under our leases, we will record a provision for loss related to the straight-line rent asset. We record direct financing lease income on a constant interest rate basis over the term of the lease. Costs related to originating direct financing leases are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction to income from direct financing leases over the term of the direct financing leases. Allowances are provided against earned revenues from direct financing leases when collection of amounts due becomes questionable or when negotiations for restructurings of troubled operators lead to lower expectations regarding ultimate collection. Mortgage interest income and other investment income is recognized as earned over the terms of the related mortgage notes or other investment, typically using the effective yield method. Allowances are provided against earned revenues from mortgage interest or other investment income when collection of amounts due becomes questionable or when negotiations for restructurings of troubled operators lead to lower expectations regarding ultimate collection. On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”) and its subsequent updates using a modified retrospective approach. As a result of adopting ASU 2014-09, we recognize gains related to the sale of real estate when we transfer control of the property and when it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the related consideration. As a result of adopting ASU 2014-09 and its updates on January 1, 2018, the Company recognized $10.0 million of deferred gain resulting from the sale of facilities to a third-party in December 2017 through opening equity on January 1, 2018. Stock-Based Compensation We recognize stock-based compensation expense adjusted for estimated forfeitures to employees and directors, in general and administrative in our Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. F-24 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Deferred Financing Costs and Original Issuance Premium and/or Discounts for Debt Issuance External costs incurred from the placement of our debt are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related borrowings which approximates the effective interest method. Deferred financing costs related to our revolving line of credit are included in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and deferred financing costs related to our other borrowings are included as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Original issuance premium or discounts reflect the difference between the face amount of the debt issued and the cash proceeds received and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related borrowings. All premiums and discounts are recorded as an addition to or reduction from debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issuance premiums or discounts totaled $9.0 million, $9.5 million and $9.3 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and are classified as interest — amortization of deferred financing costs on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. When financings are terminated, unamortized deferred financing costs and unamortized premiums or discounts, as well as charges incurred for the termination, are recognized as expense or income at the time the termination is made. Gains and losses from the extinguishment of debt are presented in interest-refinancing costs on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Earnings Per Share/Unit The computation of basic earnings per share/unit (“EPS” or “EPU”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders/Omega OP Unit holders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock/units outstanding during the relevant period. Diluted EPS/EPU is computed using the treasury stock method, which is net income divided by the total weighted-average number of common outstanding shares/Omega OP Units plus the effect of dilutive common equivalent shares/Omega OP Units during the respective period. Dilutive common shares reflect the assumed issuance of additional common shares/Omega OP Units pursuant to certain of our share-based compensation plans, including restricted stock and performance restricted stock units, long term incentive plan units (“LTIPs”), and the assumed issuance of additional shares related to Omega OP Units held by outside investors. Dilutive Omega OP Units reflect the assumed issuance of additional Omega OP Units pursuant to certain of our share-based compensation plans, including restricted stock, performance restricted stock and LTIPs. Redeemable Limited Partnership Unitholder Interests and Noncontrolling Interests Each of the Omega OP Units (other than the Omega OP Units owned by Omega) is redeemable at the election of the Omega OP Unit holder for cash equal to the then-fair market value of one share of Omega common stock, par value $0.10 per share (“Omega Common Stock”), subject to the Company’s election to exchange the Omega OP Units tendered for redemption for unregistered shares of Omega Common Stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Partnership Agreement. As of December 31, 2018, Omega owns approximately 96% of the issued and outstanding Omega OP Units, and investors own approximately 4% of the outstanding Omega OP Units. Noncontrolling Interests Noncontrolling interests is the portion of equity not attributable to the respective reporting entity. We present the portion of any equity that we do not own in consolidated entities as noncontrolling interests and classify those interests as a component of total equity, separate from total stockholders’ equity, or owners’ equity on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We include net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests in net income in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As our ownership of a controlled subsidiary increases or decreases, any difference between the aggregate consideration paid to acquire the noncontrolling interests and our noncontrolling interest balance is recorded as a component of equity in additional paid-in capital, so long as we maintain a controlling ownership interest. F-25 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued The noncontrolling interest for Omega represents the outstanding Omega OP Units held by outside investors. Foreign Operations The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for our consolidated subsidiaries operating in the U.S. The functional currency for our consolidated subsidiaries operating in the U.K. is the British Pound (“GBP”). For our consolidated subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar (“USD”), we translate their financial statements into the USD. We translate assets and liabilities at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date. Revenue and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate for the period. Gains and losses resulting from translation are included in Omega OP’s owners’ equity and Omega’s accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”), as a separate component of equity and a proportionate amount of gain or loss is allocated to noncontrolling interests. We and certain of our consolidated subsidiaries may have intercompany and third-party debt that is not denominated in the entity’s functional currency. When the debt is remeasured against the functional currency of the entity, a gain or loss can result. The resulting adjustment is reflected in results of operations, unless it is intercompany debt that is deemed to be long-term in nature in which case the adjustments are included in Omega OP’s owners’ equity and Omega’s AOCL and a proportionate amount of gain or loss is allocated to noncontrolling interests. Derivative Instruments Cash flow hedges During our normal course of business, we may use certain types of derivative instruments for the purpose of managing interest rate and currency risk. To qualify for hedge accounting, derivative instruments used for risk management purposes must effectively reduce the risk exposure that they are designed to hedge. In addition, at the inception of a qualifying cash flow hedging relationship, the underlying transaction or transactions, must be, and are expected to remain, probable of occurring in accordance with the Company’s related assertions. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives required to be bifurcated, as assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value which is determined using a market approach and Level 2 inputs. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated in hedging relationships or that do not meet the criteria of hedge accounting are recognized in earnings. For derivatives designated as qualifying cash flow hedging relationships, the change in fair value of the effective portion of the derivatives is recognized in Omega OP’s owners’ equity and Omega’s AOCL as a separate component of equity and a proportionate amount of gain or loss is allocated to noncontrolling interest, whereas the change in fair value of the ineffective portion is recognized in earnings. We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk-management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes designating all derivatives that are part of a hedging relationship to specific forecasted transactions as well as recognized liabilities or assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We also assess and document, both at inception of the hedging relationship and on a quarterly basis thereafter, whether the derivatives are highly effective in offsetting the designated risks associated with the respective hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative ceases to be highly effective as a hedge, or that it is probable the underlying forecasted transaction will not occur, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively and record the appropriate adjustment to earnings based on the current fair value of the derivative. As a matter of policy, we do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, $4.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of qualifying cash flow hedges were recorded at fair value in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. F-26 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Net investment hedge The Company is exposed to fluctuations in the GBP against its functional currency, the USD, relating to its investments in healthcare-related real estate properties located in the U.K. The Company uses a nonderivative, GBP-denominated term loan to manage its exposure to fluctuations in the GBP-USD exchange rate. The foreign currency transaction gain or loss on the nonderivative hedging instrument that is designated and qualifies as a net investment hedge is reported in Omega OP’s owners’ equity and Omega’s AOCL in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Related Party Transactions The Company has a policy which generally requires related party transactions to be approved or ratified by the Audit Committee. On February 1, 2016, we acquired 10 SNFs from Laurel Healthcare Holdings, Inc. (“Laurel”) for approximately $169.0 million in cash and leased them to an unrelated existing operator. A former member of the Board of Directors of the Company, together with certain members of his immediate family, beneficially owned approximately 34% of the equity of Laurel prior to the transaction. Immediately following our acquisition, the unrelated existing operator acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of Laurel, including the interests previously held by the former director of the Company and his family. Reclassification Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2018 In 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09, which outlines a comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. ASU 2014-09 states that “an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” While ASU 2014-09 specifically references contracts with customers, it also applied to certain other transactions including the sale of real estate. In addition, the FASB issued targeted updates to clarify specific implementation issues of ASU 2014-09. These updates included ASU 2016-08, Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients and ASU 2017-05, Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 and its subsequent updates in accordance with the modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 and its related updates did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, as a substantial portion of our revenue consists of rental income from leasing arrangements and interest income from loan arrangements, both of which are specifically excluded from ASU 2014-09 and its updates. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (“ASU 2017-12”). The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align the financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. The transition guidance provides companies with the option of early adopting the new standard using a modified retrospective transition method in any interim period after issuance of the update, or alternatively requires adoption for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. This adoption method requires companies to recognize the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2017-12 as an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year that a company adopts the update. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2017-12 using the modified retrospective transition method. As a result of adopting the standard, the Company made certain adjustments to its existing hedge designation documentation for active hedging relationships in order to take advantage of specific provisions in the new guidance and to fully align its documentation with ASU 2017-12. The adoption of ASU 2017-12 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. F-27 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Recent Accounting Pronouncements — Pending Adoption In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. ASU 2016-02 and its subsequent updates will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. The new standard requires a modified initial retrospective transition approach for all application. ASU 2016-02 and its subsequent updates allows for several practical expedients which permit the following: (i) no reassessment of lease classification or initial direct costs, (ii) use of the standard’s effective date as the date of initial application, (iii) no separation of non-lease components from the related lease components and, instead, to account for those components as a single lease component if certain criteria are met, (iv) permits lessors the option to exclude sales and other similar taxes from the measurement of lease revenue and expense and (v) requires lessors to exclude costs paid directly by lessees to third parties. leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of We elected these practical expedients and adopted ASU 2016-02 and its subsequent updates on January 1, 2019 using the effective date as our date of initial application. Therefore, financial information and disclosures under ASU 2016-02 will not be provided for periods prior to January 1, 2019. Upon adoption, we recognized both right of use assets and lease liabilities for leases in which we lease land, real property or other equipment. We estimate that our initial right of use asset and lease liability will be between $10.0 million and $12.0 million. We will also begin reporting revenues and expenses for real estate taxes that are the obligations of the tenants but are paid for directly by the Company. We estimate recording annual incremental rental income and expense between $12.0 million and $20.0 million based on the amounts paid directly by us in 2017 and 2018. This reporting is not expected to have a material impact on our net income. We continue to evaluate the other impacts of adopting ASU 2016-02 and its updates on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. The new model uses a forward-looking expected loss method, which will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements. NOTE 3 — PROPERTIES Leased Property Our leased real estate properties, represented by 719 SNFs, 116 ALFs, 14 specialty facilities and one medical office building at December 31, 2018, are leased under provisions of single or master operating leases with initial terms typically ranging from 5 to 15 years, plus renewal options. Also see Note 4 — Direct Financing Leases for information regarding additional properties accounted for as direct financing leases. Substantially all of the single leases and master leases provide for minimum annual rentals that are typically subject to annual increases. Under the terms of the leases, the lessee is responsible for all maintenance, repairs, taxes and insurance on the leased properties. F-28 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued A summary of our investment in leased real estate properties is as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture, fixtures and equipment Site improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total real estate investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Real estate investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6,056,820 786,174 447,610 250,917 204,889 7,746,410 (1,562,619) $ 6,183,791 $ 6,098,119 795,874 440,737 227,150 94,080 7,655,960 (1,376,828) $ 6,279,132 For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we capitalized $11.1 million, $8.0 million and $6.6 million, respectively, of interest to our projects under development. The future minimum estimated contractual rents due for the remainder of the initial terms of the operating leases are as follows at December 31, 2018: 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter (in thousands) $ 680,627 698,719 716,426 715,427 703,167 4,026,317 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,540,683 The following tables summarize the significant transactions that occurred in 2018. 2018 Acquisitions and Other Number of Facilities Period SNF ALF/ILF Country/ State Total Investment(4) Land Building & Site Improvements Furniture & Fixtures Initial Annual Cash Yield(3) (in millions) Q1 . . . . . . . . . — Q1 . . . . . . . . . — 1 Q1 . . . . . . . . . 1 Q1 . . . . . . . . . 5 Q2 . . . . . . . . . 3 Q4 . . . . . . . . . 1 Q4 . . . . . . . . . 1 Q4 . . . . . . . . . 12 Total . . . . . . . . UK UK PA VA TX PA IN OH 1 1 — — — 1 — — 3 $ 4.0(1) 5.7(2) 7.4 13.2 22.8 35.1 8.3 9.2 $105.7 $ 0.9 1.4 1.6 2.4 0.5 4.1 1.7 0.8 $13.4 $ 2.9 4.1 5.4 10.5 20.4 29.2 6.0 7.9 $86.4 $0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.9 1.8 0.6 0.5 $5.9 8.50% 8.50% 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% (1) We recorded a non-cash deferred tax liability of approximately $0.4 million in connection with this acquisition. (2) We recorded a non-cash deferred tax liability of approximately $0.2 million in connection with this acquisition. (3) The cash yield is based on the purchase price. (4) All of the aforementioned acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. F-29 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued During 2018, we acquired two parcels of land (not reflected in the table above) for approximately $3.5 million with the intent of building new facilities for our existing operators. During 2018, we transitioned 21 SNFs and one ALF subject to direct financing leases (not reflected in the table above) with a net carrying value of approximately $184.5 million from an existing operator to five other existing operators subject to single or master operating leases with an initial annual cash yield of approximately 9%. We recorded approximately $184.5 million of real estate investments consisting of land ($11.2 million), building and site improvements ($159.1 million) and furniture and fixtures ($14.2 million) in partial satisfaction of the direct financing lease. In connection with these transitions, we provided the new operators with working capital loans with a maximum borrowing capacity of $45.7 million, commitments to fund capital improvements up to $10.6 million and indemnities with a maximum funding of $7.4 million. Claims against these indemnities must occur within 18 months to 36 months of the transition date. These indemnities were provided to the new operators upon transition and would be utilized in the event that the prior operator does not perform under their transition agreements. The Company does not expect to fund a material amount under these indemnity agreements. 2017 Acquisitions and Other Number of Facilities Period SNF ALF/ILF Country/ State Total Investment(4) Land Building & Site Improvements Furniture & Fixtures Initial Annual Cash Yield(3) Q1 . . . . . . . . . — 1 Q2 . . . . . . . . . Q2 . . . . . . . . . — Q3 . . . . . . . . . — 15 Q3 . . . . . . . . . 9 Q3 . . . . . . . . . 6 Q4 . . . . . . . . . 31 Total . . . . . . . . VA NC UK TX IN TX TX 1 — 18 1 — — — 20 (in millions) $ 7.6 8.6 124.2(1) 2.3 211.0 19.0(3) 40.0 $412.7 $ 0.5 0.7 34.1 0.7 18.0 1.7 1.0 $56.7 $ 6.8 7.3 85.1 1.5 180.2 15.5 35.1 $331.5 $ 0.3 0.6 5.0 0.1 12.8 1.8 3.9 $24.5 7.50% 9.50% 8.50% 9.25% 9.50% 18.60% 9.25% (1) We recorded a non-cash deferred tax liability and acquisition costs of approximately $8.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, (2) (3) in connection with this acquisition. The cash yield is based on the purchase price. In July 2017, we transitioned nine SNFs formerly subject to a direct financing lease to another operator. As a result of terminating the direct financing lease, we wrote down the facilities to our original cost basis and recorded an impairment on the direct financing lease of approximately $1.8 million. See Note 4 — Direct Financing Leases for additional information. (4) All of the aforementioned acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. During 2017, we acquired three parcels of land (not reflected in the table above) for approximately $6.7 million with the intent of building new facilities for existing operators. F-30 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued 2016 Acquisitions and Other Number of Facilities Period SNF ALF/ILF Country/ State Total Investment(6) Land Building & Site Improvements Furniture & Fixtures Initial Annual Cash Yield(7) Q1 . . . . . . . . . — Q1 . . . . . . . . . — Q1 . . . . . . . . . 10 Q1 . . . . . . . . . — Q1 . . . . . . . . . 3 21 Q1 . . . . . . . . . Q2 . . . . . . . . . — Q2 . . . . . . . . . — 3 Q2 . . . . . . . . . Q3 . . . . . . . . . — Q3 . . . . . . . . . — Q3 . . . . . . . . . — 1 Q3 . . . . . . . . . 1 Q3 . . . . . . . . . 31 Q3 . . . . . . . . . 70 Total . . . . . . . . UK UK 1 1 — OH, VA, MI 2 — — 10 3 — 1 1 1 — — — FL, KY,TN 20 GA MD VA, NC UK TX CO, MO FL GA FL SC OH (in millions) $ 8.3 6.1 169.0(2) 20.2 25.0 212.5 111.9(3) 66.0(4) 31.8 4.3 2.5 16.5 10.1 9.0(5) 329.6(1) $1,022.8 $ 1.4 0.6 10.5 0.8 2.5 19.3 24.8 5.8 3.1 2.3 0.2 1.8 2.7 — 24.6 $100.4 $ 6.7 5.3 152.5 18.3 19.9 181.1 83.9 58.6 26.2 1.8 2.1 14.3 6.5 8.6 290.8 $876.6 $ 0.2 0.2 6.0 1.1 2.6 12.1 3.2 1.6 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.4 14.2 $45.8 7.00% 7.00% 8.50% 7.50% 8.50% 8.50% 7.00% 6.80% 9.00% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% 9.00% 9.00% 9.00% (1) Our investment includes a purchase option buyout obligation with a fair value of approximately $29.6 million. We also acquired a term loan with a fair value of approximately $37.0 million which is recorded in other investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In August 2017, the purchase option was terminated and the operator used the proceeds to repay certain other investments, refer to Note — 6 Other Investments for details. (2) Acquired from a related party. Refer to Note — 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Related Party Transactions. (3) We also recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $1.9 million in connection with the acquisition. (4) We paid $63.0 million in cash at closing to acquire the facilities. We paid an additional $1.5 million in April 2017 and the remaining $1.5 million in April 2018. The additional consideration paid was contractually determined and not contingent on other factors. (5) We paid approximately $3.5 million in cash to acquire the facility. The remainder of the purchase price (approximately $5.5 million) was funded with the redemption of an other investment note. (6) All of the aforementioned acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations. (7) The cash yield is based on the purchase price. During 2016, we acquired five parcels of land (not reflected in the table above) for approximately $8.3 million with the intent of building new facilities for existing operators. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized rental revenue of approximately $58.1 million and expensed approximately $9.6 million of acquisition related costs in connection with the aforementioned acquisitions. No goodwill was recorded in connection with these acquisitions. Asset Sales, Impairments and Other During the fourth quarter of 2018, we sold 14 facilities (nine previously held for sale at September 30, 2018) subject to operating leases for approximately $63.2 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $15.5 million. In addition, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $3.2 million on three facilities (two were subsequently reclassified to held for sale). In 2018, we sold 78 facilities (22 previously held for sale at December 31, 2017) subject to operating leases for approximately $309.6 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $24.8 million. In addition, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $35.0 million on 35 facilities. Our impairments were offset by $5.2 million of insurance proceeds received F-31 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued related to a facility destroyed in November 2017. The total net recorded investment in these properties after impairments (excluding facilities sold during the year) was approximately $14.8 million as of December 31, 2018, with approximately $1.0 million related to properties classified as held for sale. Of the 78 facilities sold during 2018, we sold 12 SNFs on June 1, 2018 secured by HUD mortgages to subsidiaries of an existing operator. The Company sold the 12 SNF facilities with carrying values of approximately $62 million for approximately $78 million which consisted of $25 million of cash consideration and their assumption of approximately $53 million of our HUD mortgages. See Note 13 — Borrowing Arrangements for additional details. Simultaneously, subsidiaries of the operator assumed our HUD restricted cash accounts, deposits and escrows. The Company recorded a gain on sale of approximately $11 million after approximately $5 million of closing and other transaction related costs. In connection with this sale, we provided a principal of an existing operator an unsecured loan of approximately $39.7 million. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we sold 32 facilities (two previously held for sale at September 30, 2017) subject to operating leases for approximately $188.0 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $46.4 million. In addition, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $63.5 million on 32 facilities (two were subsequently reclassified to held for sale). Of the $63.5 million impairment on real estate properties, $12.6 million related to one facility that was destroyed in a fire. In 2017, we sold 52 facilities (14 previously held for sale at December 31, 2016) subject to operating leases for approximately $257.8 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $53.9 million. In addition, we recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $99.1 million on 37 facilities including approximately $2.6 million of capitalized costs associated with the termination of construction projects with two of our operators. The total net recorded investment in these properties after impairments and excluding facilities previously sold was approximately $125.1 million as of December 31, 2017, with approximately $7.7 million related to properties classified as held for sale. Of the 52 facilities sold in 2017, the sale of ten of these facilities did not initially qualify for sale accounting under the full accrual method. The ten SNFs with a carrying value of approximately $23.2 million were sold to a third-party for approximately $43.3 million, resulting in a total gain of approximately $17.5 million after $2.6 million of closing costs. In connection with this sale, we provided the buyer a $10.0 million loan which was recorded in other investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognized a net gain of approximately $7.5 million in 2017. Upon our adoption of ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018, we recognized $10.0 million of deferred gain related to this sale through opening equity on January 1, 2018. In 2016, we sold 38 SNFs (three previously held for sale at December 31, 2015) subject to operating leases for total cash proceeds of approximately $169.6 million, generating a gain on sale of approximately $50.2 million. We also recorded impairments on real estate properties of approximately $58.7 million on 29 facilities. The 2018, 2017 and 2016 recorded impairments were primarily the result of decisions to exit certain non-strategic facilities and/or operators. We reduced the net book value of the impaired facilities to their estimated fair values or, with respect to the facilities reclassified to held for sale, to their estimated fair value less costs to sell. To estimate the fair value of the facilities, we utilized a market approach which considered binding sale agreements (a Level 1 input) and/or Level 3 inputs which generally consist of non-binding offers from unrelated third parties See also Note 4 — Direct Financing Leases and Note 9 — Assets Held For Sale for more details. F-32 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued NOTE 4 — DIRECT FINANCING LEASES The components of investments in direct financing leases consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Minimum lease payments receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 28,294 $ 64,893 Less unearned income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16,577) (37,633) Investment in non-Orianna direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,717 27,260 Investment in Orianna direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223,745 509,877 Less allowance for loss on Orianna direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (103,200) (172,172) Investment in direct financing leases – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 132,262 $ 364,965 Properties subject to direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3 41 5 The following table summarizes our investments in the direct financing leases by operator, net of allowance for loss: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Orianna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reliance Health Care Management, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sun Mar Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Markleysburg Healthcare Investors, LP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $120,545 — 11,491 226 $337,705 15,458 11,481 321 Investment in direct financing leases – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $132,262 $364,965 The following minimum rents are due under our direct financing leases for the next five years (in thousands): 2019(1) $1,177 2020(1) $1,170 2021(1) $1,084 2022(1) $1,106 2023(1) $1,128 (1) Amounts due from Orianna have been excluded from the contractual minimum rent payments due under our direct financing leases. See below for additional information and Note 24 — Subsequent Events. In 2018, we sold one SNF with a carrying value of approximately $15.4 million subject to a direct financing lease to an unrelated third-party for approximately $15.4 million. Orianna Direct Financing Lease and Operating Lease On November 27, 2013, we closed an aggregate $529 million purchase/leaseback transaction in connection with the acquisition of Ark Holding Company, Inc. (“Ark Holding”) by 4 West Holdings Inc. At closing, we acquired 55 SNFs and 1 ALF operated by Ark Holding and leased the facilities back to Ark Holding, now known as New Ark Investment Inc. (“New Ark” which does business as “Orianna Health Systems” and is herein referred to as “Orianna”), pursuant to four 50-year master leases with rental payments yielding 10.6% per annum over the term of the leases. The purchase/leaseback transaction is being accounted for as a direct financing lease. F-33 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued In addition to our direct financing leases with Orianna, we own three facilities and had leased them to Orianna under a master lease which was to expire in 2026. The remaining three facility lease is accounted for as an operating lease. Our recorded investment in the three facilities subject to this operating lease was $30.5 million as of December 31, 2018. On October 31, 2018, Orianna rejected the operating lease and as a result we transitioned the remaining three facilities to an existing operator during the first quarter of 2019. As of December 31, 2018, we also have a revolving working capital loan issued to Orianna with a balance outstanding as of December 31, 2018 of $15.2 million. In 2017, we sold eight facilities subject to direct financing leases with Orianna in the Northwest region and the Southeast region of the U.S. with a carrying value of approximately $36.4 million for approximately $33.3 million to unrelated third parties. These facilities were subject to direct financing leases with Orianna in the Northwest region and the Southeast region. We recorded approximately $3.3 million of impairment related to these sales. In addition, we transitioned nine SNFs, representing all of the facilities subject to another direct financing lease with Orianna in the Texas region, to an existing operator of ours pursuant to an operating lease. In connection with this transaction, we recorded the real estate properties at our original cost basis of approximately $19.0 million, eliminated our investment in the Texas region direct financing lease and recorded an impairment of approximately $1.8 million. In conjunction with this transaction, we also amended our Orianna Southeast region master lease to reduce the outstanding balance by $19.3 million. As a result of the lease amendment in 2017, we recorded impairment on our investment in direct financing lease of approximately $20.8 million in 2017. In the third quarter of 2017, we recorded an allowance for loss on direct financing leases of $172.2 million with Orianna covering 38 facilities in the Southeast region of the U.S. The amount of the allowance was determined based on the fair value of the facilities subject to the direct financing lease. To estimate the fair value of the underlying collateral, we utilized an income approach and Level 3 inputs. Our estimate of fair value assumed annual rents ranging between $32.0 million and $38.0 million, rental yields between 9% and 10%, current and projected operating performance of the facilities, coverage ratios and bed values. Our recorded investment in these direct financing leases, net of the $172.2 million of allowances, amounted to $337.7 million as of December 31, 2017. In March 2018, Orianna commenced voluntary Chapter 11 proceedings in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division (the “Bankruptcy Court”). As described in Orianna’s filings with the Bankruptcy Court, we entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (“RSA”) that was expected to form the basis for Orianna’s restructuring. The RSA provided for the recommencement, in April 2018, of partial rent payments at $1.0 million per month and established a specific timeline for the implementation of Orianna’s planned restructuring. The RSA provided for the transition of 23 facilities to new operators and the potential sale of the remaining 19 facilities subject to the plan of reorganization (the “Plan”), if approved by the Bankruptcy Court. To provide liquidity to Orianna during their Chapter 11 proceedings, we entered into a senior secured superpriority debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) credit agreement with Orianna for a revolving credit and term loan DIP financing of up to $30 million, which DIP financing was approved by the Bankruptcy Court on an interim basis on March 9, 2018 and on a final basis on May 14, 2018. On July 23, 2018, we notified Orianna that it was in default under the DIP credit agreement. On July 25, 2018, Omega terminated the RSA with its tenant, 4 West Holdings, and the sponsor of Orianna’s Plan. During the third quarter of 2018, we transitioned 22 facilities with a net carrying value of approximately $184.5 million from Orianna to five other existing operators with annual contractual rent of approximately $16.8 million. See Note 3 — Properties. In addition, during the second half of 2018, we sold Orianna’s headquarters and one SNF with a carrying value of approximately $5.5 million to unrelated third-parties for approximately $5.5 million. F-34 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Bankruptcy Court ruled that Orianna’s Plan, if confirmed, would allow Orianna to use the value of Orianna’s remaining facilities to pay the administrative costs of Orianna’s Chapter 11 cases and to pay certain other creditor claims, with the net amount of such value being paid to us. As a result, we recorded $27.2 million in additional allowance for loss to reduce the remaining investment in the direct financing lease covering the remaining 15 facilities located in the Southeast region of the U.S. As of December 31, 2018, our net investment in the Orianna direct financing lease is approximately $120.5 million, net of an allowance of $103.2 million. On January 11, 2019, pursuant to a Bankruptcy Court order, affiliates of Orianna purchased the remaining 15 SNFs subject to the direct financing lease with Orianna for $176 million of consideration, comprised of $146 million in cash received by Orianna and a $30.0 million seller note held by the Company. The $30.0 million note bears interest at 6% per annum and matures on January 11, 2026. Interest on the unpaid principal balance is due quarterly in arrears. Commencing on January 11, 2022, quarterly principal payments are due based on a 15-year amortization schedule on the then outstanding principal balance of the loan. On the same date, Orianna repaid the DIP financing, including all related interest. On January 16, 2019, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed Orianna’s Plan, creating a Distribution Trust (the “Trust”) to distribute the proceeds from Orianna’s sale of the remaining 15 SNFs, as well as the Trust’s collections of Orianna’s accounts receivable portfolio. Our remaining investment in the direct financing lease and the revolving working capital loan as of December 31, 2018 is expected to be recovered through liquidating payments made from the Trust. The Trust is comprised of $115.8 million of net cash proceeds from the sale by Orianna of the 15 SNFs on January 11, 2019 after repayment of the DIP financing, cash of $5.6 million, and accounts receivable, net of estimated allowance, of $21.3 million. We expect that the aggregate of such amounts will be used to pay the estimated costs of $26.9 million to other creditors and to wind down the Trust with the remainder paid to us under the direct financing leases and on account of the revolving working capital loan. The amount payable to us is contingent upon the collection of the accounts receivable balances and the estimated costs to wind down the Trust. These amounts are estimated and subject to change. Such changes could be significantly different than the currently estimated amounts and such differences could have a material impact on our financial statements. On February 13, 2019, we received $78.8 million from the Trust as a partial liquidation of the Trust. We will receive other payments from the Trust when the accounts receivable are collected and as the estimated creditor claims and costs to wind down the Trust are finalized. As a result of Orianna not satisfying the contractual payments due under the terms of the direct financing leases or the separate operating lease and the uncertainty of collection, we have not recognized any income from Orianna related to the direct financing leases or the operating lease for the period from July 1, 2017 through December 31, 2018. NOTE 5 — MORTGAGE NOTES RECEIVABLE As of December 31, 2018, mortgage notes receivable relate to six fixed rate mortgages on 54 long-term care facilities. The mortgage notes are secured by first mortgage liens on the borrowers’ underlying real estate and personal property. The mortgage notes receivable relate to facilities located in six states, operated by six independent healthcare operating companies. We monitor compliance with mortgages and when necessary have initiated collection, foreclosure and other proceedings with respect to certain outstanding loans. F-35 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued The principal amounts outstanding of mortgage notes receivable, net of allowances, were as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Mortgage note due 2027; interest at 10.18% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage notes due 2029; interest at 9.87%(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other mortgage notes outstanding(2) Mortgage notes receivable, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowance for loss on mortgage notes receivable(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total mortgages – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $112,500 537,515 $112,500 476,320 65,748 87,317 715,763 (4,905) 676,137 (4,905) $710,858 $671,232 (1) Approximates the weighted average interest rate on 39 facilities. Two notes totaling approximately $20.5 million are construction mortgages maturing in 2019. The remaining loan balance matures in 2029. (2) Other mortgage notes outstanding have a weighted average interest rate of 11.25% per annum and maturity dates between 2019 (3) and 2028. The allowance for loss on mortgage notes receivable relates to one mortgage with an operator. The carrying value and fair value of the mortgage note receivable is approximately $1.5 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. $112.5 Million of Mortgage Note due 2027 On January 17, 2014, we entered into a $112.5 million first mortgage loan with an existing operator. The loan is secured by seven SNFs and two ALFs located in Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively. The mortgage is cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with our existing master lease with the operator. In March 2018, we extended the maturity date to January 31, 2027 and provided an option to extend the maturity for a five year period through January 31, 2032 and a second option to extend the maturity through September 30, 2034. $537.5 Million of Mortgage Notes due 2029 On June 30, 2014, we entered into a mortgage loan agreement with Ciena Healthcare (“Ciena”) to refinance/consolidate $117 million in existing mortgages with maturity dates ranging from 2021 to 2023 on 17 facilities into one mortgage and simultaneously provide mortgage financing for an additional 14 facilities. The $415 million mortgage (the “Master Mortgage”) matures in 2029 and is secured by 30 facilities. The Master Mortgage note bore an initial interest rate of 9.0% per annum which increases by 0.225% per annum. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding principal balance of the Master Mortgage note is approximately $409.3 million and the interest rate is 9.9% per annum. Subsequent to June 30, 2014, the Company amended its Master Mortgage with Ciena to provide for additional borrowings in the form of incremental facility mortgages, construction and/or improvement mortgages with maturity dates in 2019 and 2029 with initial annual interest rates ranging between 8.5% and 10% and fixed annual escalators of 2% or 2.5% over the prior year’s interest rate, or a fixed increase of 0.225% per annum. As of December 31, 2018 the outstanding principal balance of these mortgage notes are approximately $84.1 million. In June 2018, we amended the Master Mortgage with Ciena to provide an additional $44.7 million mortgage note related to five SNFs located in Michigan. The mortgage note matures on June 30, 2029 and bears an initial annual interest rate of 9.5% which increases each year by 0.225%. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding principal balance of this mortgage note is approximately $44.2 million. Additionally, the Company committed to fund an additional $9.6 million to Ciena if certain performance metrics are achieved by the portfolio. The mortgage notes with Ciena are cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with our existing master lease and other investment notes with the operator. F-36 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Mortgage notes paid off In January 2018, one of our operators repaid two construction loans with a total outstanding balance of approximately $21.2 million. These construction loans bore interest at 8.75%. NOTE 6 — OTHER INVESTMENTS A summary of our other investments is as follows: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investment notes due 2018-2022; interest at 9.91%(1) Other investment note due 2019; interest at 9.35% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investment notes due 2020; interest at 13.06%(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investment notes due 2023; interest at 7.32%(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investment note due 2023; interest at 12.00% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investment notes due 2024-2025; interest at 8.38%(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investment notes outstanding(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investments, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowance for loss on other investments(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) $ 40,242 $ 15,115 131,452 71,036 65,000 59,454 46,287 91,155 504,626 — — 49,490 64,050 49,708 31,987 66,365 276,715 (373) $504,626 $276,342 (1) Approximate weighted average interest rate as of December 31, 2018. (2) Other investment notes have a weighted average interest rate of 8.06% and maturity dates through 2028. (3) The allowance for loss on other investments relates to one loan with an operator that has been fully reserved at December 31, 2017 and written off during 2018. Other investment notes due 2018 — 2022 In March 2018, we agreed to provide senior secured superpriority DIP financing to Orianna consisting of a $14.2 million term loan and a $15.8 million revolving credit facility. The DIP financing has been approved by the Bankruptcy Court. The DIP financing is secured by a security interest in and liens on substantially all of Orianna’s existing and future real and personal property. The $14.2 million term loan bears interest at 1-month LIBOR plus 5.5% per annum and matured on September 30, 2018. The $15.8 million revolving credit facility bears interest at 1-month LIBOR plus 9.0% per annum and matured on September 30, 2018. The borrowings under the revolving credit facility were used for general business expenses and other uses permitted under the loan documents. On July 23, 2018, Omega notified Orianna that it was in default under the DIP financing and, as a result of such default, Omega (a) declared the amounts owing under the DIP financing to be immediately due and payable, (b) terminated the DIP financing and any further commitment of Omega to extend credit to Orianna under the DIP financing, and (c) restricted Orianna’s use of cash collateral solely to payment of those amounts contained in a budget approved by Omega. Omega also informed Orianna that while Omega did not (as of such date) intend to immediately collect amounts owing under the DIP financing, Omega may at any time in the future exercise further rights and remedies under the DIP financing. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $14.2 million was outstanding on this term loan and $10.8 million was outstanding on this revolving credit facility. In January 2019, Orianna repaid the DIP financing and permanently terminated our commitment under the DIP. See Note 4 — Direct Financing Leases. In May 2017, we provided Orianna an $18.8 million maximum borrowing secured revolving working capital loan that bears interest at 9% per annum (with one-half (1/2) of all accrued interest to be paid-in-kind and added to the loan balance) and matures on April 30, 2022. This revolving working capital F-37 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued loan has a default rate of 5% per annum. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $15.2 million is outstanding on this revolving working capital loan. Pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court’s interim order approving the DIP financing, Orianna is obligated to pay one-half (1/2) of all accrued post-bankruptcy interest payable on this revolving working capital loan at the default rate. See Note 4 — Direct Financing Leases. As of December 31, 2018, our total other investments outstanding with Orianna was approximately $40.2 million. Other investment note due 2019 On September 28, 2018, we provided a $131.3 million secured term loan to an unrelated third party. The loan is secured by a collateral assignment of mortgages covering seven SNFs, three independent living facilities and one ALF. The loan bears interest at 9.35% per annum and matures on February 28, 2019, subject to a one-time 90-day extension. In February 2019, the loan was extended to May 31, 2019. The loan requires monthly interest payments with the principal balance due at maturity. The borrower used the proceeds to repay existing indebtedness and pay a one-time distribution to its equity holders. In connection with this loan we incurred approximately $0.4 million of origination costs which are deferred and recognized over the term of the loan. The outstanding balance on this loan was $131.5 million including origination costs at December 31, 2018. Other investment notes due 2020 On July 29, 2016, we provided Genesis HealthCare, Inc. (“Genesis”) a $48.0 million secured term loan bearing interest at LIBOR with a floor of 1% plus 13% maturing on July 29, 2020. The $48.0 million term loan (and the $16.0 million term loan discussed below) is secured by a perfected first priority lien on and security interest in certain collateral of Genesis. The term loan required monthly principal payments of $0.25 million through July 2019, and $0.5 million from August 2019 through maturity. In addition, a portion of the loan. In November 2017, we provided Genesis forbearance through February 2018. The forbearance allowed for the deferral of principal payments and permitted Genesis to accrue all interest due to the outstanding principal balance of the loan. the monthly interest accrued to the outstanding principal balance of On March 6, 2018, we amended certain terms of the $48.0 million secured term loan. As of February 22, 2018, the $48.0 million term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 14% per annum, of which 9% per annum will be paid-in-kind. Additionally, the amended term loan does not require monthly payments of principal. All principal and accrued and unpaid interest will be due at maturity on July 29, 2020. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $54.4 million is outstanding on this term loan. Also on March 6, 2018, we provided Genesis an additional $16.0 million secured term loan bearing interest at a fixed rate of 10% per annum, of which 5% per annum will be paid-in-kind and matures on July 29, 2020. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $16.6 million is outstanding on this term loan. As of December 31, 2018, our total other investments outstanding with Genesis was approximately $71.0 million. Other investment note due 2023 On June 30, 2015, we entered into a $50.0 million secured revolving credit facility with subsidiaries of an existing operator. The note bears interest at approximately 6.66% per annum and matures in 2023. As of December 31, 2018, $50.0 million has been drawn and remains outstanding. On May 17, 2017, we entered into a separate secured $15.0 million revolving credit facility with subsidiaries of an existing operator. The note bears interest at 9.5% per annum and matures in 2023. As of December 31, 2018, $15.0 million has been drawn and remains outstanding. Other investment note due 2023 On February 26, 2016, we acquired and funded a $50.0 million mezzanine loan at a discount of approximately $0.75 million. In May 2018, the Company amended the mezzanine loan with the borrower F-38 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued which is secured by an equity interest in subsidiaries of the borrower. As part of the refinancing, the Company increased the mezzanine loan by $10.0 million, extended the maturity date to May 31, 2023 and fixed the interest rate at 12% per annum. The mezzanine loan requires semi-annual principal payments of $2.5 million commencing December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our total other investments outstanding with this borrower was approximately $59.5 million. In connection with the amendment, the Company recognized fees of approximately $1.1 million of which $0.5 million was paid at closing with the remainder due at maturity. The discount and loan fees are deferred and are being recognized on an effective basis over the term of the loan. Other investment note due 2024-2025 On September 30, 2016, we acquired and amended a term loan with a fair value of approximately $37.0 million with Agemo Holdings LLC (“Agemo” an entity formed in May 2018 to silo the leases and loans formerly held by Signature Healthcare). A $5.0 million tranche of the term loan that bore interest at 13% per annum was repaid in August 2017. The remaining $32.0 million tranche of the term loan bears interest at 9% per annum and currently matures on December 31, 2024. The $32.0 million term loan (and the $25.0 million working capital loan discussed below) is secured by a security interest in the collateral of Agemo. On May 7, 2018, the Company provided Agemo a $25.0 million secured working capital loan bearing interest at 7% per annum that matures on April 30, 2025. The proceeds of the working capital loan were used to pay operating expenses, settlement payments, fees, taxes and other costs approved by the Company. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $14.3 million is outstanding on this working capital loan. Our total loans outstanding with Agemo at December 31, 2018 approximate $46.3 million. On May 7, 2018, the Company also provided principals of Agemo a one year unsecured $2.8 million loan. The proceeds were used to pay down the Company’s contractual receivables outstanding. NOTE 7 — VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES As of December 31, 2018, Orianna and Agemo are VIEs. Below is a summary of our assets and liabilities associated with each operator as of December 31, 2018: Operator Orianna Agemo (in thousands) Assets Real estate investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments in direct financing leases – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contractual receivables – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Straight-line rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lease inducement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Above market lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 30,459 120,545 40,242 249 — — — 191,495 $ 413,396 — 46,287 18,017 34,203 2,362 2 514,267 Collateral Letters of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal guarantee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other collateral Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum exposure to loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — (176,253) (176,253) $ 15,242 (9,253) (15,000) (413,396) (437,649) $ 76,618 F-39 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued In determining our maximum exposure to loss from these VIEs, we considered the underlying value of the real estate subject to leases with these operators and other collateral, if any, supporting our other letters of credit or personal investments, which may include accounts receivable, security deposits, guarantees, if any. See Note 4 — Direct Financing Leases regarding our relationship with Orianna, Note 6 — Other Investments regarding the terms of other investments with these two operators and Note 20 — Commitments and Contingencies regarding our commitment to provide capital expenditure funding to our operators which includes Agemo. The table below reflects our total revenues from Orianna and Agemo for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: Year Ended December 31, 2018 Operator Year Ended December 31, 2017 Operator Orianna Agemo Orianna Agemo (in thousands) Revenue Rental income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . Other investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — — 3,477 $3,477 $59,291 — 3,500 $62,791 $ 2,401 29,877 906 $33,184 $62,287 — 4,884 $67,171 (1) For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we received cash rental income and other investment income from Agemo of approximately $56.8 million and $39.8 million, respectively. NOTE 8 — INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURE On November 1, 2016, we invested approximately $50.0 million for an approximate 15% ownership interest in a joint venture operating as Second Spring Healthcare Investments. The other approximate 85% interest is owned by affiliates of Lindsey Goldberg LLC. We account for our investment in the joint venture using the equity method. On November 1, 2016, the joint venture acquired 64 SNFs for approximately $1.1 billion and leased them to Genesis. During 2018, the joint venture sold 13 SNFs subject to an operating lease for approximately $164.0 million in net cash proceeds and recognized a loss on sale of approximately $4.6 million. The joint venture also recorded $4.2 million of impairments on these real estate properties. We receive asset management fees from the joint venture for services provided. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized $1.8 million, $2.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of asset management fees. These fees are included in miscellaneous income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The accounting policies for the unconsolidated joint venture are the same as those of the Company. F-40 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued NOTE 9 — ASSETS HELD FOR SALE The following is a summary of our assets held for sale: December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties sold/other(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties added(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties sold/other(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties added(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 31, 2018(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties Held For Sale Number of Properties 20 (17) 19 22 (48) 29 3 Net Book Value (in thousands) $ 52,868 (39,299) 73,130 86,699 (171,938) 86,228 989 $ (1) (2) (3) (4) In 2017, we sold 13 SNFs and three ALFs for approximately $38.8 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $4.3 million. One SNF classified as an asset held for sale at December 31, 2016 was no longer considered held for sale during the first quarter of 2017 and was reclassified back to leased properties at approximately $5.1 million which represents the facility’s then carrying value adjusted for depreciation that was not recognized while classified as held for sale. In 2017, we reclassified one ALF, one specialty facility and 17 SNFs to assets held for sale. We recorded approximately $10.3 million of impairment charges to reduce one ALF, one specialty facility and three SNFs to their estimated fair value less costs to sell before they were reclassified to assets held for sale. In 2018, we sold 48 facilities for approximately $133.6 million in net proceeds recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $11.5 million. In 2018, we recorded approximately $13.0 million of impairments to reduce 26 facilities and one ancillary building’s book value to their estimated fair values less costs to sell before they were reclassified to assets held for sale. (5) We plan to sell the facilities classified as held for sale at December 31, 2018 within the next twelve months. NOTE 10 — INTANGIBLES The following is a summary of our intangibles as of December 31, 2018 and 2017: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Assets: Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Above market leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-place leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $643,950 $ 22,410 — (19,203) 3,207 $ $644,690 $ 22,426 167 (17,059) $ 5,534 Liabilities: Below market leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net intangible liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $143,669 (79,226) $ 64,443 $164,443 (83,824) $ 80,619 Above market leases and in-place leases, net of accumulated amortization, are included in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Below market leases, net of accumulated amortization, are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net amortization related to the above and below market leases is included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as an adjustment to rental income. F-41 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our net amortization related to intangibles was $10.7 million, $11.9 million and $14.0 million, respectively. The estimated net amortization related to these intangibles for the subsequent five years is as follows: 2019 — $7.4 million; 2020 — $7.2 million; 2021 — $7.0 million; 2022 — $6.7 million; 2023 — $6.4 million and $26.5 million thereafter. As of December 31, 2018, the weighted average remaining amortization period of both above market lease assets and below market lease liabilities is approximately nine years. The following is a summary of our goodwill as of December 31, 2018 and 2017: Balance as of December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $643,474 Add: foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,216 Balance as of December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644,690 Less: foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (740) Balance as of December 31, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $643,950 (in thousands) NOTE 11 — CONCENTRATION OF RISK As of December 31, 2018, our portfolio of real estate investments consisted of 924 healthcare facilities, located in 41 states and the U.K. and operated by 68 third-party operators. Our investment in these facilities, net of impairments and reserve for uncollectible loans, totaled approximately $8.6 billion at December 31, 2018, with approximately 99% of our real estate investments related to long-term care facilities. Our portfolio is made up of 735 SNFs, 116 ALFs, 14 specialty facilities, one medical office building, fixed rate mortgages on 51 SNFs and three ALFs, and four facilities that are closed/held for sale. At December 31, 2018, we also held other investments of approximately $504.6 million, consisting primarily of secured loans to third-party operators of our facilities and a $31.0 million investment in an unconsolidated joint venture. At December 31, 2018, we had investments with one operator that exceeded 10% of our total investments: Ciena. Ciena also generated approximately 11% and 10% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2018, the three states in which we had our highest concentration of investments were Florida (10%), Texas (10%) and Michigan (8%). NOTE 12 — LEASE AND MORTGAGE DEPOSITS We obtain liquidity deposits and other deposits, security deposits and letters of credit from most operators pursuant to our lease and mortgage agreements. These generally represent the rental and/or mortgage interest for periods ranging from three to six months with respect to certain of our investments or the required deposits in connection with our HUD borrowings. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we held $1.4 million and $10.9 million, respectively, in liquidity and other deposits, $38.5 million and $41.2 million, respectively, in security deposits and $55.1 million and $58.4 million, respectively, in letters of credit. The liquidity deposits and other deposits, security deposits and the letters of credit may be used in the event of lease and/or loan defaults, subject to applicable limitations under bankruptcy law with respect to operators filing under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Liquidity deposits and other deposits are recorded as restricted cash on our Consolidated Balance Sheets with the offset recorded as a liability in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Security deposits related to cash received from the operators are primarily recorded in cash and cash equivalents on our Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding offset in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additional security for rental and mortgage interest revenue from operators is provided by covenants regarding minimum working capital and net worth, liens on accounts receivable and other operating assets of the operators, provisions for cross default, provisions for cross-collateralization and by corporate or personal guarantees. F-42 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued NOTE 13 — BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS The following is a summary of our long-term borrowings: Secured borrowings: HUD mortgages assumed December 2011 . . . . . . . . Deferred financing costs – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total secured borrowings – net(1) Unsecured borrowings: Revolving line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. term loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sterling term loan(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omega OP term loan(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2015 term loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discounts and deferred financing costs – net(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total term loans – net 2023 notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025 notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2026 notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2027 notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2028 notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discount – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred financing costs – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total senior notes and other unsecured borrowings – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total unsecured borrowings – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total secured and unsecured borrowings – net(4) Annual Interest Rate as of December 31, 2018 Maturity — — $ December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) — $ — — 53,666 (568) 53,098 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2018 2021 3.67% 3.97% 2.18% 3.97% 3.80% 4.375% 4.950% 4.500% 5.250% 4.500% 4.750% — 9.000% 313,000 425,000 127,990 100,000 250,000 (4,264) 898,726 700,000 400,000 400,000 600,000 700,000 550,000 — 20,000 (18,523) (22,581) 290,000 425,000 135,130 100,000 250,000 (5,460) 904,670 700,000 400,000 400,000 600,000 700,000 550,000 1,500 20,000 (21,073) (26,037) 3,328,896 4,540,622 $4,540,622 3,324,390 4,519,060 $4,572,158 These amounts represent borrowings that were incurred by Omega OP or wholly owned subsidiaries of Omega OP. This borrowing is denominated in GBP. The amount includes $0.4 million of net deferred financing costs related to the Omega OP term loan as of December 31, 2018. (1) (2) (3) (4) All borrowing are direct borrowings of Omega unless otherwise noted. HUD Mortgage Disposition On June 1, 2018, subsidiaries of an existing operator assumed approximately $53 million of our indebtedness guaranteed by HUD that secured 12 separate facilities located in Arkansas. In connection with our disposition of the mortgages, we wrote-off approximately $0.6 million of unamortized deferred costs that are recorded in Gain on assets sold — net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. These fixed rate mortgages had a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.06% per annum and matured in July 2044. See Note 3 — Properties. Unsecured Borrowings 2017 Omega Credit Facilities On May 25, 2017, Omega entered into a credit agreement (the “2017 Omega Credit Agreement”) providing us with a new $1.8 billion senior unsecured revolving and term loan credit facility, consisting of a $1.25 billion senior unsecured multicurrency revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), a F-43 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued $425 million senior unsecured U.S. Dollar term loan facility (the “U.S. Term Loan Facility”), and a £100 million senior unsecured British Pound Sterling term loan facility (the “Sterling Term Loan Facility” and, together with the Revolving Credit Facility and the U.S. Term Loan Facility, collectively, the “2017 Omega Credit Facilities”). The 2017 Omega Credit Agreement contains an accordion feature permitting us, subject to compliance with customary conditions, to increase the maximum aggregate commitments under the 2017 Omega Credit Facilities to $2.5 billion. The 2017 Omega Credit Facilities replaced the previous $1.25 billion senior unsecured 2014 revolving credit facility, the previous $200 million Tranche A-1 senior unsecured term loan facility, and the previous $350 million Tranche A-3 senior unsecured incremental term loan facility established under our 2014 credit agreement, which has been terminated (the “2014 Omega Credit Agreement”). We had previously repaid and terminated the $200 million Tranche A-2 senior unsecured term loan facility established under the 2014 Omega Credit Agreement, with proceeds from our $550 million and $150 million unsecured senior notes issued in April 2017. The Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus an applicable percentage (with a range of 100 to 195 basis points) based on our ratings from Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and/or Fitch Ratings. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on May 25, 2021, subject to an option by us to extend such maturity date for two, six month periods. The 2017 Omega Credit Agreement provides for the Revolving Credit Facility to be drawn in Euros, British Pounds Sterling, Canadian Dollars (collectively, “Alternative Currencies”) or U.S. Dollars, with a $900 million tranche available in U.S. Dollars and a $350 million tranche available in U.S. Dollars or Alternative Currencies. For purposes of the 2017 Omega Credit Facilities, references to LIBOR include the Canadian dealer offered rates for amounts offered in Canadian Dollars and any other Alternative Currency rate approved in accordance with the terms of the 2017 Omega Credit Agreement for amounts offered in any other non-London interbank offered rate quoted currency, as applicable. The U.S. Term Loan Facility and the Sterling Term Loan Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an applicable percentage (with a range of 90 to 190 basis points) based on our ratings from Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and/or Fitch Ratings. The U.S. Term Loan Facility and the Sterling Term Loan Facility each mature on May 25, 2022. We recorded a non-cash charge of approximately $5.5 million relating to the write-off of deferred financing costs associated with the termination of the 2014 Omega Credit Agreement. 2017 Omega OP Term Loan Facility On May 25, 2017, Omega OP entered into a credit agreement (the “2017 Omega OP Credit Agreement”) providing it with a new $100 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the “2017 Omega OP Term Loan Facility”). The 2017 Omega OP Credit Agreement replaced the $100 million senior unsecured term loan facility obtained in 2015 (the “2015 Omega OP Term Loan Facility”) and the related credit agreement (the “2015 Omega OP Credit Agreement”). The 2017 Omega OP Term Loan Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus an applicable percentage (with a range of 90 to 190 basis points) based on our ratings from Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and/or Fitch Ratings. The 2017 Omega OP Term Loan Facility matures on May 25, 2022. Omega OP’s obligations in connection with the 2017 Omega OP Term Loan Facility are not currently guaranteed, but will be jointly and severally guaranteed by any domestic subsidiary of Omega OP that provides a guaranty of any unsecured indebtedness of Omega or Omega OP for borrowed money evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments in an amount of at least $50 million individually or in the aggregate. F-44 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility On May 25, 2017, Omega entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “Amended 2015 Credit Agreement”), which amended and restated our previous $250 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the “Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility”). The Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus an applicable percentage (with a range of 140 to 235 basis points) based on our ratings from Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and/or Fitch Ratings. The Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility continues to mature on December 16, 2022. The Amended 2015 Credit Agreement permits us, subject to compliance with customary conditions, to add one or more incremental tranches to the Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility in an aggregate principal amount not exceeding $150 million. Omega’s obligations under the 2017 Omega Credit Facilities and the Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility are jointly and severally guaranteed by Omega OP and any domestic subsidiary of Omega that provides a guaranty of any unsecured indebtedness of Omega for borrowed money evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments in an amount of at least $50 million individually or in the aggregate. As a result of exposure to interest rate movements associated with the Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility, on December 16, 2015, we entered into various forward-starting interest rate swap arrangements, which effectively converted $250 million of our variable-rate debt based on one-month LIBOR to an aggregate fixed rate of approximately 3.8005% effective December 30, 2016. The effective fixed rate achieved by the combination of the Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility and the interest rate swaps could fluctuate up by 55 basis points or down by 40 basis points based on future changes to our credit ratings. Each of these swaps began on December 30, 2016 and mature on December 15, 2022. On the date of inception, we designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges in accordance with accounting guidance for derivatives and hedges and linked the interest rate swaps to the Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility. Because the critical terms of the interest rate swaps and Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility coincided, the hedges are expected to exactly offset changes in expected cash flows as a result of fluctuations in 1-month LIBOR over the term of the hedges. The purpose of entering into the swaps was to reduce our exposure to future changes in variable interest rates. The interest rate swaps settle on a monthly basis when interest payments are made. These settlements will occur through the maturity date of the Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility. The interest rate for the Amended 2015 Term Loan Facility was not hedged for the portion of the term prior to December 30, 2016. $700 Million 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023 On July 12, 2016, we issued $700 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “2023 Notes”). The 2023 Notes were sold at an issue price of 99.739% of their face value before the underwriters’ discount. Our net proceeds from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and expenses, were approximately $692.0 million. The net proceeds from the offering were used to repay outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility, to purchase the $180.0 million mortgage term loan and for general corporate purposes. The 2023 Notes mature on August 1, 2023 and pay interest semi-annually. $400 Million 4.95% Senior Notes due 2024 On March 11, 2014, we sold $400 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.95% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”). These notes were sold at an issue price of 98.58% of the principal amount of the notes, before the initial purchasers’ discount resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $394.3 million. The 2024 Notes mature on April 1, 2024 and pay interest semi-annually. $400 Million 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025 On September 11, 2014, we sold $250 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”). The 2025 Notes were sold at an issue price of 99.131% of their face value before the initial purchasers’ discount resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $247.8 million. The 2025 Notes mature on January 15, 2025 and pay interest semi-annually. F-45 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued On April 4, 2017, we issued an additional $150 million aggregate principal amount of our existing 2025 Notes (the “additional $150 million 2025 Notes”). The additional $150 million 2025 Notes were sold at an issue price of 99.540% of their face value before the underwriters’ discount. Our net proceeds from the additional $150 million 2025 Notes, after deducting underwriting discounts and expenses, were approximately $149.9 million (inclusive of accrued interest). See $550 Million 4.75% Senior Notes due 2028 below for the use of these proceeds. $600 Million 5.25% Senior Notes due 2026 On September 23, 2015, we sold $600 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). The 2026 Notes were sold at an issue price of 99.717% of their face value before the initial purchasers’ discount. Our total net proceeds from the offering, after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and other offering expenses, were approximately $594.4 million. The 2026 Notes mature on January 15, 2026 and pay interest semi-annually. $700 Million 4.50% Senior Notes due 2027 On March 18, 2015, we sold $700 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.50% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes were sold at an issue price of 98.546% of their face value before the initial purchasers’ discount. Our total net proceeds from the offering, after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and other offering expenses, were approximately $683 million. The 2027 Notes mature on April 1, 2027 and pay interest semi-annually. $550 Million 4.75% Senior Notes due 2028 On April 4, 2017, we issued $550 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.75% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes”). The 2028 Notes mature on January 15, 2028. The 2028 Notes were sold at an issue price of 98.978% of their face value before the underwriters’ discount. Our net proceeds from the 2028 Notes offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and expenses, were approximately $540.8 million. The net proceeds from the 2028 Notes offering and the additional $150 million 2025 Notes offering were used to (i) redeem all of our outstanding $400 million 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “5.875% Notes”) on April 28, 2017, (ii) prepay the $200 million Tranche A-2 Term Loan Facility on April 5, 2017 that otherwise would have become due on June 27, 2017, and (iii) repay outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. General Certain of our other secured and unsecured borrowings are subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we were in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants, for our secured and unsecured borrowings. Omega OP, the guarantor of Parent’s outstanding senior notes, does not directly own any substantive assets other than its interest in non-guarantor subsidiaries. F-46 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued The required principal payments, excluding the premium or discount and deferred financing costs on our secured and unsecured borrowings, for each of the five years following December 31, 2018 and the aggregate due thereafter are set forth below: 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — 333,000 902,990 700,000 Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,650,000 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,585,990 (in thousands) The following summarizes the refinancing related costs: 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) 2016 Write off of deferred financing costs and unamortized premiums due to refinancing(1)(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepayment and other costs associated with refinancing(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total debt extinguishment costs $ — $10,195 — 11,770 $ — $21,965 $ 301 1,812 $2,113 (1) (2) (3) In 2017, we recorded (a) $4.7 million of write-offs of unamortized deferred costs associated with the early redemption of our 5.875% Notes and (b) $5.5 million of write-offs of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the termination of the 2014 Omega Credit Agreement. In 2016, we recorded $0.3 million of write-offs of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with three facilities that were acquired via a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. In 2017, we paid $11.8 million of prepayment penalties associated with the early redemption of our 5.875% Notes. In 2016, we purchased a $180 million mortgage term loan and paid a 1% premium of approximately $1.8 million to purchase the debt. NOTE 14 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The net carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and contractual receivables and accrued expenses and other liabilities reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments (Level 1). F-47 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the net carrying amounts and fair values of other financial instruments were as follows: December 31, 2018 Fair Value Carrying Amount December 31, 2017 Fair Value Carrying Amount (in thousands) Assets: Investments in direct financing leases – net . . . . . . Mortgage notes receivable – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investments – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total $ 132,262 710,858 504,626 $1,347,746 $ 132,262 735,892 503,907 $1,372,061 $ 364,965 671,232 276,342 $1,312,539 $ 364,965 686,772 281,031 $1,332,768 Liabilities: Revolving line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. term loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sterling term loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omega OP term loan(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2015 term loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.375% notes due 2023 – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.95% notes due 2024 – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50% notes due 2025 – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.25% notes due 2026 – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50% notes due 2027 – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.75% notes due 2028 – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUD debt – net(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subordinated debt – net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total $ 313,000 423,065 127,394 99,553 248,713 694,643 394,691 395,402 595,027 687,981 540,883 — 20,270 — $4,540,622 $ 313,000 425,000 127,990 100,000 250,000 700,062 406,386 392,122 605,700 671,555 537,508 — 22,589 — $4,551,912 $ 290,000 422,498 134,360 99,423 248,390 693,474 393,680 394,640 594,321 686,516 539,882 53,098 20,376 1,500 $4,572,158 $ 290,000 425,000 135,130 100,000 250,000 711,190 420,604 399,874 625,168 681,007 550,667 51,817 23,646 1,500 $4,665,603 (1) These amounts represent borrowings that were incurred by Omega OP or wholly owned subsidiaries of Omega OP. Fair value estimates are subjective in nature and are dependent on a number of important assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows, risks, discount rates and relevant comparable market information associated with each financial instrument (see Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). The use of different market assumptions and estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the reported estimated fair value amounts. The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments. • Direct financing leases: The fair value of the investments in direct financing leases, excluding those related to Orianna, are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates being offered for similar leases to borrowers with similar credit ratings (Level 3). For the Orianna direct financing lease as of December 31, 2018, the Company estimated the fair value of its investment based on the expected liquidating payments further described in Note 4 — Direct Financing Leases (Level 3). For the Orianna direct financing lease as of December 31, 2017, the Company estimated the fair value of its investment based on the collateral using an income approach considering inputs such as, current and projected operating performance of the facilities, projected rent, prevailing capitalization rates and/or coverages and bed values (Level 3). from the Trust as F-48 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued • Mortgage notes receivable: The fair value of the mortgage notes receivables are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates being offered for similar loans to borrowers with similar credit ratings (Level 3). • • • • Other investments: Other investments are primarily comprised of notes receivable. The fair values of notes receivable are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates being offered for similar loans to borrowers with similar credit ratings (Level 3). Revolving line of credit and term loans: The fair value of our borrowings under variable rate agreements are estimated using a present value technique based on expected cash flows discounted using the current market rates (Level 3). Senior notes and subordinated debt: The fair value of our borrowings under fixed rate agreements are estimated using a present value technique based on inputs from trading activity provided by a third party (Level 2). HUD debt: The fair value of our borrowings under HUD debt agreements are estimated using an expected present value technique based on quotes obtained by HUD debt brokers (Level 2). NOTE 15 — TAXES Omega is a REIT for United States federal income tax purposes, and Omega OP is a pass through entity for United States federal income tax purposes. Omega and Omega OP, including their wholly owned subsidiaries were organized, have operated, and intend to continue to operate in a manner that enables Omega to qualify for taxation as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. On a quarterly and annual basis we perform several analyses to test our compliance within the REIT taxation rules. In order to qualify as a REIT, in addition to other requirements, we must: (i) distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to (A) the sum of (a) 90% of our “REIT taxable income” (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain), and (b) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of non-cash income on an annual basis, (ii) ensure that at least 75% and 95%, respectively, of our gross income is generated from qualifying sources that are described in the REIT tax law, (iii) ensure that at least 75% of our assets consist of qualifying assets, such as real property, mortgages, and other qualifying assets described in the REIT tax law, (iv) ensure that we do not own greater than 10% in voting power or value of securities of any one issuer, (v) ensure that we do not own either debt or equity securities of another company that are in excess of 5% of our total assets and (vi) ensure that no more than 20% of our assets are invested in one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries (and with respect to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, no more than 25%). In addition to the above requirements, the REIT rules require that no less than 100 stockholders own shares or an interest in the REIT and that five or fewer individuals do not own (directly or indirectly) more than 50% of the shares or proportionate interest in the REIT during the last half of any taxable year. If we fail to meet the above or any other requirements for qualification as a REIT in any tax year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for the four subsequent years, unless we qualify for certain relief provisions that are available in the event we fail to satisfy any of these requirements. We are also subject to federal taxation of 100% of the net income derived from the sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that we held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We believe that we do not hold assets for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business and that none of the assets currently held for sale or that have been sold would be considered a prohibited transaction within the REIT taxation rules. So long as we qualify as a REIT under the Code, we generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on the REIT taxable income that we distribute to stockholders, subject to certain exceptions. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, we distributed dividends in excess of our taxable income. F-49 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Since the year 2000, the definition of foreclosure property has included any “qualified health care property,” as defined in Code Section 856(e)(6) acquired by us as the result of the termination or expiration of a lease of such property. We have from time to time operated qualified healthcare facilities acquired in this manner for up to two years (or longer if an extension was granted). Properties that we had taken back in a foreclosure or bankruptcy and operated for our own account were treated as foreclosure properties for income tax purposes, pursuant to Code Section 856(e). Gross income from foreclosure properties was classified as “good income” for purposes of the annual REIT income tests upon making the election on the tax return. Once made, the income was classified as “good” for a period of three years, or until the properties were no longer operated for our own account. In all cases of foreclosure property, we utilized an independent contractor to conduct day-to-day operations to maintain REIT status. In certain cases, we operated these facilities through a taxable REIT subsidiary. We have not held foreclosure property since 2011. As a result of the foregoing, we do not believe that our past participation in the operation of nursing homes increased the risk that we would fail to qualify as a REIT. Since 2015, we have owned, directly and indirectly, stock in a number of entities that have elected to be taxed as a REIT. Five wholly owned subsidiary entities elected to be taxed as REITs in 2015, and sixth wholly owned subsidiary REIT as of January 1, 2016. All of the subsidiary entities are required to individually satisfy all of the rules for qualification as a REIT qualification. We merged five of the wholly owned subsidiary REITs into a single wholly owned subsidiary REIT in December 2015, and then merged the sixth wholly owned subsidiary REIT into our other wholly owned subsidiary REIT in December 2016, which wholly owned subsidiary REIT remains subject to all of the REIT qualification rules set forth in the Code. Subject to the limitation under the REIT asset test rules, we are permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). We have elected for two of our active subsidiaries to be treated as TRSs. One of our TRSs is subject to federal, state and local income taxes at the applicable corporate rates and the other is subject to foreign income taxes. As of December 31, 2018, our TRS that is subject to federal, state and local income taxes at the applicable corporate rates had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $5.8 million. Up to 100% of the net operating loss carry-forwards arising in taxable years ending prior to January 1, 2018, may be used to reduce taxable income for any taxable year during the eligible carry-forward period. The net operating loss carry-forward arising in our taxable year ending December 31, 2018, may be used to reduce only 80% of taxable income for any taxable year during the eligible carry-forward period. Our net operating loss carry-forward is fully reserved as of December 31, 2018, with a valuation allowance due to uncertainties regarding realization. Under current law, our net operating loss carryforwards generated up through December 31, 2017 may be carried forward for no more than 20 years, and our net operating loss carryforward generated in our taxable year ended December 31, 2018 may be carried forward indefinitely. For the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recorded approximately $0.8 million, $2.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively, of federal, state and local income tax provision. For the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recorded a provision (benefit) for foreign income taxes of approximately $2.2 million, $0.8 million and $(1.9) million, respectively. The above amounts include any income or franchise taxes payable to certain states and municipalities. F-50 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued The following is a summary of deferred tax assets and liabilities: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Foreign deferred tax assets(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal net operating loss carryforward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total deferred assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ 2,341 1,213 1,213 1,142 3,483 Deferred tax liabilities: Foreign deferred tax liabilities (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,599 17,747 Total net deferred liabilities before valuation allowances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (12,386) (14,264) Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,213) (1,142) Net deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(13,599) $(15,406) (1) The deferred tax assets and liabilities primarily resulted from inherited basis differences resulting from our acquisition of entities in the U.K. Subsequent adjustments to these accounts result from GAAP to tax differences related to depreciation, indexation and revenue recognition. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted. The Tax Act includes numerous changes to existing U.S. tax law, including lowering the statutory U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Company has completed its assessment of these changes, and has determined that there is an immaterial impact to the financial statements. NOTE 16 — RETIREMENT ARRANGEMENTS Our Company has a 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan covering all eligible employees. Under this plan, employees are eligible to make contributions, and we, at our discretion, may match contributions and make a profit sharing contribution. In 2018, 2017 and 2016, amounts charged to operations with respect to these retirement arrangements totaled approximately $0.5 million in each period. In addition, we have a deferred stock compensation plan that allows employees and directors the ability to defer the receipt of stock awards (units). The deferred stock awards (units) participate in future dividends as well as the change in the value of the Company’s common stock. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had 403,427 and 423,296 deferred stock units outstanding. NOTE 17 — STOCKHOLDERS’/OWNERS’ EQUITY $500 Million Equity Shelf Program On September 3, 2015, we entered into separate Equity Distribution Agreements (collectively, the “Equity Shelf Agreements”) to sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $500 million (the “2015 Equity Shelf Program”) with several financial institutions, each as a sales agent and/or principal (collectively, the “Managers”). Under the terms of the Equity Shelf Agreements, we may sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, through or to the Managers having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $500 million. Sales of the shares, if any, are made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange at market prices, or as otherwise agreed with the applicable Manager. We pay each Manager compensation for sales of the shares equal to 2% of the gross sales price per share for shares sold through such Manager under the applicable Equity Shelf Agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we issued approximately 0.7 million shares under the 2015 Equity Shelf Program at an average price of $29.97 per share, net of issuance costs, generating net proceeds of approximately $19.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we issued approximately 0.7 million F-51 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued shares under the 2015 Equity Shelf Program, at an average price of $30.81 per share, net of issuance costs, generating net proceeds of approximately $22.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we issued approximately 2.3 million shares under the 2015 Equity Shelf Program, at an average price of $33.18 per share, net of issuance costs, generating net proceeds of approximately $75.5 million. Dividend Reinvestment and Common Stock Purchase Plan We have a Dividend Reinvestment and Common Stock Purchase Plan (the “DRSPP”) that allows for the reinvestment of dividends and the optional purchase of our common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we issued 7.2 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $240.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we issued 1.2 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $36.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we issued 1.5 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $46.8 million. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The following is a summary of our accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax where applicable: As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) 2016 2018 Foreign Currency Translation: Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Translation (loss) gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(26,033) $(54,948) $ (8,413) (46,303) 28,604 (232) 311 (54,948) (26,033) (21,703) 32 (47,704) Derivative Instruments: Cash flow hedges: Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,463 2,469 62 3,994 (1,420) 545 2,338 1,463 (718) (719) 17 (1,420) Net investment hedge: Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain (loss) Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total accumulated other comprehensive loss for Omega OP(2) . . . . . . . . . Add: portion included in noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total accumulated other comprehensive loss for Omega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7,070) 7,140 70 (43,640) 1,988 — — — (7,070) — (7,070) (56,368) (31,640) 2,541 1,490 $(41,652) $(30,150) $(53,827) (1) Recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (2) These amounts are included in owners’ equity. NOTE 18 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) are subject to forfeiture if the holder’s service to us terminates prior to vesting, subject to certain exceptions for certain qualifying terminations of employment or a change in control of the Company. Prior to vesting, ownership of the shares/Omega OP Units cannot be transferred. The restricted stock has the same dividend and voting rights as our common stock. RSUs accrue dividend equivalents but have no voting rights. Restricted stock and RSUs are valued at the price of our common stock on the date of grant. We expense the cost of these awards ratably over their vesting period. F-52 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued The following table summarizes the activity in restricted stock and RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018: Non-vested at December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted during 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cancelled during 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested during 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-vested at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted during 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cancelled during 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested during 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-vested at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted during 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cancelled during 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested during 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-vested at December 31, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Shares/Omega OP Units 413,628 158,506 (905) (235,176) 336,053 185,004 (1,000) (182,548) 337,509 217,717 (5,941) (190,412) 358,873 Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share $34.45 34.49 24.92 30.41 37.32 31.25 34.78 39.58 32.78 28.19 30.82 33.89 $29.44 Compensation Cost(1) (in millions) $5.5 $5.8 $6.1 (1) Total compensation cost to be recognized on the awards based on grant date fair value, which is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Performance Based Incentive Stock Units Performance restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) and LTIPs are subject to forfeiture if the performance requirements are not achieved or if the holder’s service to us terminates prior to vesting, subject to certain exceptions for certain qualifying terminations of employment or a change in control of the Company. The PRSUs awarded in January 2013, December 2013, January 2014, March 2015, April 2015, July 2015, March 2016, January 2017, and January 2018 and the LTIP Units awarded in March 2015, April 2015, July 2015, March 2016, January 2017, and January 2018 have varying degrees of performance requirements to achieve vesting, and each PRSU and LTIP Units award represents the right to a variable number of shares of common stock or partnership units. Each LTIP Unit once earned is convertible into one Omega OP Unit in Omega OP, subject to certain conditions). The vesting requirements are based on either the (i) total shareholders return (“TSR”) of Omega or (ii) Omega’s TSR relative to other real estate investment trusts in the MSCI U.S. REIT Index for awards before 2016 and in the FTSE Nareit Equity Health Care Index for awards granted in or after 2016 (both “Relative TSR”). We expense the cost of these awards ratably over their service period. Prior to vesting and the distribution of shares, ownership of the PRSUs cannot be transferred. Dividends on the PRSUs are accrued and only paid to the extent the applicable performance requirements are met. While each LTIP Unit is unearned, the employee receives a partnership distribution equal to 10% of the quarterly approved regular periodic distributions per Omega OP Unit. The remaining partnership distributions (which in the case of normal periodic distributions is equal to the total approved quarterly dividend on Omega’s common stock) on the LTIP Units accumulate, and if the LTIP Units are earned, the accumulated distributions are paid. F-53 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued We used a Monte Carlo model to estimate the fair value for the PRSUs and LTIP Units granted to the employees. The following are the significant assumptions used in estimating the value of the awards for grants made on the following dates: Closing price on date of grant Dividend yield Risk free interest rate at time of grant Expected volatility March 17, 2016 $34.78 6.56% 0.50% to 1.14% 23.92% to 24.88% January 1, 2017 $31.26 7.81% 0.66% to 1.58% 22.82% to 25.26% January 1, 2018 $27.54 9.44% 1.60% to 2.05% 21.03% to 23.24% The following table summarizes the activity in PRSUs and LTIP Units for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018: Non-vested at December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted during 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited during 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested during 2016(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-vested at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted during 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cancelled during 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited during 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested during 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-vested at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted during 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cancelled during 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited during 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested during 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-vested at December 31, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share $14.87 14.67 12.10 — 16.08 14.87 15.98 18.33 — 14.82 10.40 — 11.82 — $13.04 Number of Shares 913,087 679,549 (518,638) — 1,073,998 685,064 (5,361) (392,921) — 1,360,780 1,012,032 — (203,380) — 2,169,432 Compensation Cost(1) (in millions) $10.00 $10.20 $10.50 (1) (2) Total compensation cost to be recognized on the awards was based on the grant date fair value. PRSUs are shown as vesting in the year that the Compensation Committee determines the level of achievement of the applicable performance measures. F-54 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued The following table summarizes our total unrecognized compensation cost as of December 31, 2018 associated with restricted stock, restricted stock units, PRSU awards, and LTIP Unit awards to employees: Grant Date Average Fair Value Per Unit/ Share Total Compensation Cost (in millions)(1) Weighted Average Period of Expense Recognition (in months) Unrecognized Compensation Cost (in millions) Grant Year Shares/ Units RSUs 1/1/2017 RSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 1/1/2018 RSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018 Restricted Stock Units Total . . . . 140,416 169,900 310,316 $31.26 27.54 29.22 $ 4.40 4.70 9.10 TSR PRSUs and LTIP Units 3/17/2016 2018 LTIP Units . . . . . . 2016 370,152 13.21 1/1/2017 2019 LTIP Units . . . . . . 2017 399,726 12.61 1/1/2018 2020 LTIP Units . . . . . . 2018 677,488 7.31 4.90 5.00 5.00 TSR PRSUs & LTIP Total . . . . 1,447,366 10.28 14.90 Relative TSR PRSUs 3/17/2016 2018 Relative TSR . . . . . 2016 305,563 16.44 1/1/2017 2019 Relative TSR . . . . . 2017 285,338 18.04 1/1/2018 2020 Relative TSR . . . . . 2018 334,544 16.65 5.00 5.10 5.60 Relative TSR PRSUs Total . . . . Grand Total . . . . . . . . . . . 925,445 2,683,127 17.01 $14.79 15.70 $39.70 36 36 45 48 48 45 48 48 $ 1.50 3.10 4.60 1.30 2.50 3.70 7.50 1.30 2.60 4.20 8.10 $20.20 Performance Period Vesting Dates N/A N/A 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 1/1/2016 – 12/31/2018 1/1/2017 – 12/31/2019 1/1/2018 – 12/31/2020 Quarterly in 2019 Quarterly in 2020 Quarterly in 2021 1/1/2016 – 12/31/2018 1/1/2017 – 12/31/2019 1/1/2018 – 12/31/2020 Quarterly in 2019 Quarterly in 2020 Quarterly in 2021 (1) (2) Total shares/units and compensation costs are net of shares/units cancelled. This table excludes approximately $0.7 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to our directors. Tax Withholding for Stock Compensation Plans Stock withheld to pay minimum statutory tax withholdings for equity instruments granted under stock-based payment arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, was $1.7 million, $2.1 million and $23.4 million, respectively. Shares Available for Issuance for Compensation Purposes On June 8, 2018, at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders, our stockholders approved the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), which amended and restated the Company’s 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”). The 2018 Plan is a comprehensive incentive compensation plan that allows for various types of equity-based compensation, including restricted stock units (including performance-based restricted stock units), stock awards (including restricted stock), deferred restricted stock units, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, rights, performance unit awards, certain cash-based awards (including performance-based cash awards) and other stock-based awards. The 2018 Plan increased the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2013 Plan by 4.5 million. stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent As of December 31, 2018, approximately 5.1 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance to our employees, directors and consultants under our stock incentive plans. F-55 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued NOTE 19 — DIVIDENDS Common Dividends The Board of Directors has declared common stock dividends as set forth below: Record Date January 31, 2018 April 30, 2018 July 31, 2018 October 31, 2018 January 31, 2019 Payment Date February 15, 2018 May 15, 2018 August 15, 2018 November 15, 2018 February 15, 2019 Dividend per Common Share $0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 On the same dates listed above, Omega OP Unit holders received the same distributions per unit as those paid to the common stockholders of Omega. Per Share Distributions Per share distributions by our Company were characterized in the following manner for income tax purposes (unaudited): Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2018 Common Ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Return of capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.691 0.931 0.018 $2.640 $1.571 0.932 0.037 $2.540 $1.968 0.322 0.070 $2.360 For additional information regarding dividends, see Note 15 — Taxes. NOTE 20 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Litigation On November 16, 2017, a purported securities class action complaint captioned Dror Gronich v. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., C. Taylor Pickett, Robert O. Stephenson, and Daniel J. Booth was filed against the Company and certain of its officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”), Case No. 1:17-cv-08983-NRB. On November 17, 2017, a second purported securities class action complaint captioned Steve Klein v. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., C. Taylor Pickett, Robert O. Stephenson, and Daniel J. Booth was filed against the Company and the same officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Case No. 1:17-cv-09024-NRB. Thereafter, the Court considered a series of applications by various shareholders to be named lead plaintiff, consolidated the two actions and designated Royce Setzer as the lead plaintiff. Pursuant to a Scheduling Order entered by the Court, lead plaintiff Setzer and additional plaintiff Earl Holtzman filed a Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint on May 25, 2018 (the “Securities Class Action”). The Securities Class Action purports to be a class action brought on behalf of shareholders who acquired the Company’s securities between May 3, 2017 and October 31, 2017. The Securities Class Action alleges that the defendants violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), by making materially false and/or misleading statements, and by failing to disclose material adverse facts about the Company’s business, operations, and prospects, including the financial and operating results of one of the Company’s operators, the ability of such operator to make timely rent payments, and the impairment of certain of the Company’s leases and the uncollectibility of certain F-56 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued receivables. The Securities Class Action, which purports to assert claims for violations of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, as well as Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act, seeks an unspecified amount of monetary damages, interest, fees and expenses of attorneys and experts, and other relief. The Company and the officers named in the Securities Class Action filed a Motion to Dismiss on July 17, 2018. Briefing on the Motion to Dismiss is complete, and the Court heard Oral Argument on February 13, 2019. Although the Company denies the material allegations of the Securities Class Action and intends to vigorously pursue its defense, we are in the early stages of this litigation and are unable to predict the outcome of the case or to estimate the amount of potential costs. The Board of Directors received a demand letter, dated April 9, 2018, from an attorney for Phillip Swan (“Swan”), a purported current shareholder of the Company relating to the subject matter covered by the Securities Class Action (the “Shareholder Demand”). The letter demanded that the Board of Directors conduct an investigation into the statements and other matters at issue in the Securities Class Action and commence legal proceedings against each party identified as being responsible for the alleged activities. After due consideration, and in the exercise of its business judgment, the Board determined that it is not in the best interests of the Company to commence litigation against any current or former officers or directors based on the matters raised in the Shareholder Demand. The Board has also received shareholder demands from two additional purported shareholders, each represented by the same counsel, that were substantively identical to the Shareholder Demand and reached the same conclusion with respect to those demands. On August 22, 2018, Stourbridge Investments LLC, a purported shareholder of ours, filed a derivative action purportedly on behalf of the Company in the Court against the current directors of the Company as well as certain officers alleging violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and fiduciary duty. Stourbridge Investments LLC v. Callen et al., state-law claims including breach of No. 1:18-cv-07638. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants are responsible for the the alleged failure to disclose the financial condition of Orianna Health Systems, Company’s non-disclosures that are also the subject of the Securities Class Action described above. The defendants in the action are the three individual defendants named in the Securities Class Action (Messrs. Pickett, Booth and Stephenson), as well as the Company’s non-management directors. The plaintiff did not make a demand on the Company to bring the action prior to filing it, but rather alleges that demand would have been futile. The parties have entered into a stipulation in which they agreed to stay the case, including any response by defendants, pending the entry of judgment or a voluntary dismissal with prejudice in the Securities Class Action. The agreed-upon stipulation and order to stay the case were entered by the Court on October 25, 2018. In addition, on January 30, 2019, Swan filed a derivative action in the Baltimore City Circuit Court of Maryland, purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain current and former directors of the Company as well as certain officers, asserting claims for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment. Swan v. Pickett, et al.,No. 24-C-19-000573. Swan alleges that the Derivative Demand was wrongfully refused. No response date for the defendants has yet come due. In addition, we are subject to various other legal proceedings, claims and other actions arising out of the normal course of business. While any legal proceeding or claim has an element of uncertainty, management believes that the outcome of each lawsuit, claim or legal proceeding that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. F-57 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued Commitments We have committed to fund the construction of new leased and mortgaged facilities and other capital improvements. We expect the funding of these commitments to be completed over the next several years. Our remaining commitments at December 31, 2018, are outlined in the table below (in thousands): Total commitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amounts funded(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remaining commitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 586,800 (373,696) $ 213,104 (1) Includes finance costs. Environmental Matters As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had identified conditional asset retirement obligations primarily related to the future removal and disposal of asbestos that is contained within certain of our real estate investment properties. The asbestos is appropriately contained, and we believe we are compliant with current environmental regulations. If these properties undergo major renovations or are demolished, certain environmental regulations are in place, which specify the manner in which asbestos must be handled and disposed. We are required to record the fair value of these conditional liabilities if they can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, no liability for conditional asset retirement obligations was recorded on our accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. F-58 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued NOTE 21 — SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE TO CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS The following are supplemental disclosures to the consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10,300 $ 85,937 $ 93,687 Restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,371 10,871 13,589 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period . . . . . . . . . . $ 11,671 $ 96,808 $107,276 Supplemental information: Interest paid during the period, net of amounts capitalized . . . . . . . . . . $ 211,863 $182,832 $148,326 Taxes paid during the period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,772 $ 4,141 $ 4,922 Non cash investing activities Non cash acquisition of real estate (See Note 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(185,592) $ (27,170) $ Non cash proceeds from sale of real estate investments (See Note 3) . . . . Non cash acquisition of business (See Note 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non cash surrender of mortgage (See Note 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non cash investment in other investments (See Note 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . Non cash proceeds from other investments (See Note 3 and Note 6) . . . . Non cash settlement of direct financing lease (See Note 3 and Note 4) . . 53,118 — — (16,153) 7,000 184,462 — — — — (60,079) — 25,000 — 5,500 — (6,353) 30,187 18,989 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 42,835 $ 15,653 $ (29,579) Non cash financing activities Purchase option buyout obligation (see Note 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Non cash disposition of other long-term borrowings (see Note 13) . . . . Change in fair value of cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remeasurement of debt denominated in a foreign currency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other unsecured long term borrowing (see Note 3) — $ (53,118) 2,531 (7,140) — — $ 29,579 — — 764 2,970 — 7,070 3,000 — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (57,727) $ 10,040 $ 33,343 F-59 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued NOTE 22 — SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS (UNAUDITED) The following summarizes the Omega and Omega OP’s quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: Omega 2018 Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income available to common stockholders . . . . . . . Net income available to common per share: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income per share: Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss)(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss) available to common stockholders . . . Net income (loss) available to common per share: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss) per share: Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omega OP 2018 Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income available to Omega OP Unit holders: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income per unit: Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss)(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss) available to Omega OP Unit holders: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss) per unit: Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (in thousands, except per share amounts) $220,199 $ 87,933 $ 84,220 $219,881 $ 81,986 $ 78,536 $ 221,852 $ 59,062 $ 56,606 $ $ 0.42 0.42 $ $ 0.39 0.39 $ $ 0.28 0.28 $219,750 $ 64,903 $ 62,216 $ $ 0.31 0.31 $231,744 $109,112 $104,440 $235,797 $ 68,157 $ 65,257 $ 219,638 $(137,515) $(131,678) $221,206 $ 65,156 $ 62,400 $ $ 0.53 0.53 $ $ 0.33 0.33 $ $ (0.67) (0.67) $ $ 0.31 0.31 March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (in thousands, except per share amounts) $220,199 $ 87,933 $219,881 $ 81,986 $ 221,852 $ 59,062 $219,750 $ 64,903 $ $ 0.42 0.42 $ $ 0.39 0.39 $ $ 0.28 0.28 $ $ 0.31 0.31 $231,744 $109,112 $235,797 $ 68,157 $ 219,638 $(137,515) $221,206 $ 65,156 $ $ 0.53 0.53 $ $ 0.33 0.33 $ $ (0.67) (0.67) $ $ 0.31 0.31 (1) Amounts reflect provisions (recovery) for uncollectible accounts and impairment (recovery) losses on real estate properties and direct financing leases of $12.7 million, $(0.5) million, $20.9 million and $30.6 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018, September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Amounts also reflect net gain (loss) on assets sold of $17.5 million, $(2.9) million, $(5.4) million and $15.5 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018, September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018, respectively. F-60 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued (2) Amounts reflect provisions for uncollectible accounts and impairment losses on real estate properties and direct financing leases of $10.0 million, $12.8 million, $224.4 million and $64.6 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017, September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Amounts also reflect net gain (loss) on assets sold of $7.4 million, $(0.6) million, $0.7 million and $46.4 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017, September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2017, respectively. NOTE 23 — EARNINGS PER SHARE/UNIT The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share/unit: Omega Omega OP Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts) $293,884 $104,910 $383,367 $293,884 $104,910 $383,367 Numerator: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests . . . . . . (12,306) (4,491) (16,952) — — — Net income available to common stockholders/Omega OP Unit holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denominator: Denominator for basic earnings $281,578 $100,419 $366,415 $293,884 $104,910 $383,367 per share/unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,279 197,738 191,781 209,020 206,521 200,679 Effect of dilutive securities: Common stock equivalents . . . Noncontrolling interest – 691 269 956 Omega OP Units . . . . . . . . . 8,741 8,783 8,898 691 — 269 — 956 — 209,711 206,790 201,635 209,711 206,790 201,635 Denominator for diluted earnings per share/unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . Earnings per share – basic: Net income available to common stockholders/Omega OP Unit holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Earnings per share/unit – diluted: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.40 $ 0.51 $ 1.90 $ 1.41 $ 0.51 $ 1.91 $ $ 1.41 $ 0.51 1.40 $ 0.51 $ $ 1.91 1.90 NOTE 24 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On January 2, 2019, Omega and Omega OP entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with MedEquities Realty Trust, Inc. (“MedEquities”) and its subsidiary operating partnership and the general partner of its subsidiary operating partnership. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Omega will acquire MedEquities and MedEquities will be merged with and into Omega (the “Merger”) at the effective time of the Merger with Omega continuing as the surviving company. At the effective time, each outstanding share of MedEquities common stock will be converted into the right to receive (i) 0.235 of a share of Omega common stock, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares, and (ii) $2.00 in cash, without interest, subject to adjustments as set forth in the Merger Agreement under certain limited F-61 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Continued circumstances. As of December 31, 2018, the total consideration expected to be exchanged in the merger, including the assumption of debt is approximately $600 million. The Merger Agreement also provides that MedEquities will declare a special dividend of $0.21 per share of MedEquities common stock (the “Pre-Closing Dividend”) payable to the holders of record of MedEquities common stock as of the trading day immediately prior to the closing date of the Merger, which dividend will be payable following the effective time of the Merger together with the cash consideration under the Merger Agreement. F-62 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (in thousands) December 31, 2018 Description Year Ended December 31, 2018: Allowance for doubtful accounts: Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Provision Accounts Deductions or Other(1) Balance at End of Period Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8,463 $ 6,736 $ 14,124 $ 1,075 Mortgage notes receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,905 373 — (47) — 326 4,905 — Direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,172 27,168 96,140 103,200 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $185,913 $ 33,857 $110,590 $109,180 Year Ended December 31, 2017: Allowance for doubtful accounts: Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage notes receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 357 3,934 4,798 $ 13,392 971 217 — 198,199 $ 5,286 — 4,642 26,027 $ 8,463 4,905 373 172,172 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,089 $212,779 $ 35,955 $185,913 Year Ended December 31, 2016: Allowance for doubtful accounts: Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage notes receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 309 — 2,960 $ 4,246 3,934 1,665 $ 4,198 — (173) $ 357 3,934 4,798 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,269 $ 9,845 $ 4,025 $ 9,089 (1) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries or adjustments. F-63 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (in thousands) December 31, 2018 Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period(2)(4) Initial Cost to Company Description(1) Maplewood Real Estate Holdings, LLC: Land Buildings and Improvements Improvements Carrying Cost Other(5) Land Buildings and Improvements Total Accumulated Depreciation(3) Date of Construction Date Acquired . . . Connecticut (AL) . Massachusetts (AL, SNF) . . New York (AL) . . Ohio (AL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 25,063 $ 216,538 113,728 . — . 27,628 . 19,041 118,606 3,683 $ 28,040 15,963 93,146 35 $ 643 $ — 13,835 — — $ 25,063 $ 245,221 129,011 106,981 27,663 19,041 118,606 3,683 (680) — — $270,284 148,052 225,587 31,346 $27,505 1968–2015 2010–2017 16,531 1988–2017 2014 2015 3,454 1999–2016 2013–2014 30 years to 33 years N/A — 33 years 30 years to 33 years N/A Total Maplewood Real Estate Holdings, LLC . $166,393 $ 357,894 $137,184 $14,478 $ (680) $166,393 $ 508,876 $675,269 $47,490 Life on Which Depreciation in Latest Income Statements is Computed Agemo Holdings LLC: . . Florida (SNF) . . Georgia (SNF) . Kentucky (SNF) . . Maryland (SNF) Tennessee (AL, SNF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Agemo Holdings LLC . Saber Health Group: Florida (SNF) . . . North Carolina (SNF) Ohio (SNF, AL) . . Pennsylvania (SNF) Virginia (SNF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Saber Health Group . CommuniCare Health Services, Inc.: Indiana (SNF) . Maryland (SNF) . . . . Ohio (SNF, SH, ALF) Pennsylvania (SNF) Virginia (SNF) . . West Virginia (SNF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total CommuniCare Health Services, Inc. Ciena Healthcare: Indiana (SNF) . . . Michigan (SNF, AL) . . . . . North Carolina (ILF, SNF) Ohio (SNF, AL) . Virginia (SNF) . . . . . . . . . Total Ciena Healthcare Genesis HealthCare: Alabama (SNF) . Arizona (SNF, AL) California (SNF) . . Colorado (SNF, ILF) Idaho (SNF) . . . Massachusetts (SNF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire (SNF, AL) . . New Mexico (SNF) . . . North Carolina (SNF) . Ohio (SNF) . . . . Rhode Island (SNF) . . Tennessee (SNF) . Vermont (SNF) . Washington (SNF) . . West Virginia (SNF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Genesis HealthCare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 14,077 $ 166,901 10,847 . 84,321 . 19,663 . 179,849 . 3,833 13,153 1,480 7,664 $ 22,877 3,949 3,422 1,183 — $ 630 $ — — — — — $ 14,077 $ 190,408 14,796 — 87,743 — 20,846 — 179,849 — 3,833 13,153 1,480 7,664 $204,485 18,629 100,896 22,326 187,513 $55,551 1940–1997 1996–2016 3 years to 39 years 2007 10,200 1964–1970 25,436 1964–1980 1999–2016 20 years to 33 years 29 years to 30 years 2010 8,542 1959–1977 20,724 1966–2016 2014–2016 25 years to 30 years 20 years . $ 40,207 $ 461,581 $ 31,431 $ 630 $ — $ 40,207 $ 493,642 $533,849 $120,453 . $ 423 $ 4,422 $ 283 $ — $ — $ 423 $ 4,705 . . . . 10,077 3,028 7,134 12,175 108,680 82,070 124,476 106,336 25,230 5,392 5,036 3,359 736 — — — — (268) — — 10,077 3,028 7,134 12,175 134,646 87,194 129,512 109,695 $5,128 144,723 90,222 136,646 121,870 $776 2009 2011 33 years 18,865 1930–2018 2013–2016 3 years to 30 years 12,436 1979–2000 2011–2016 30 years to 33 years 18,345 1873–2002 2007–2011 12,341 1964–2013 2013–2016 33 years 30 years . $ 32,837 $ 425,984 $ 39,300 $ 736 $ (268) $ 32,837 $ 465,752 $498,589 $62,763 39 years 30 years 35 years 33 years 33 years 33 years . $ 20,029 $ 202,647 $ — $ — $ . . . . . 7,190 5,206 1,753 2,408 450 74,029 83,288 18,533 10,757 14,759 4,660 5,567 11,281 9 184 — — — — — 294 — (702) — — — 7,190 5,206 1,753 2,408 450 78,689 88,153 29,814 10,766 14,943 85,879 93,359 31,567 13,174 15,393 21,124 1921–1985 2010–2011 25 years to 30 years 31,675 1962–1988 2005–2018 30 years to 39 years 13,817 1950–1964 447 3,568 1979 1963 2005 2018 2011 $ 20,029 $ 202,941 $222,970 $13,356 1963–2015 2013–2018 20 years to 30 years . $ 37,036 $ 404,013 $ 21,701 $ — $ (408) $ 37,036 $ 425,306 $462,342 $83,987 . $ 321 $ 7,703 $ — $ — $ — $ 321 $ 7,703 . . . . 4,087 4,097 10,343 6,300 115,547 60,275 159,847 87,772 107 1,112 72 90 — — — — — — (80) (174) 4,087 4,097 10,343 6,126 115,654 61,387 159,839 87,862 $8,024 119,741 65,484 170,182 93,988 $1,229 1973 16,711 1964–1997 8,945 1927–1992 2014 2014 2014 23,287 1960–2007 2010–2016 20 years to 33 years 10,240 1979–2007 2016 30 years . $ 25,148 $ 431,144 $ 1,381 $ — $ (254) $ 24,974 $ 432,445 $457,419 $60,412 . $ 1,179 $ 22,406 $ 6,522 $ — $ — $ 1,179 $ 28,928 $30,107 $20,082 1964–1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,847 781 5,331 3,021 5,389 1,782 6,008 1,460 382 3,658 453 318 500 1,238 23,084 14,837 33,011 16,171 35,826 19,837 45,285 21,193 11,271 35,083 7,452 6,005 9,500 43,040 — 27 5,444 974 2,160 1,463 — 3,550 21 4,793 2,538 602 1,799 6,528 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (2) — — — — — — — — — — 4,847 781 5,331 3,019 5,389 1,782 6,008 1,460 382 3,658 453 318 500 1,238 23,084 14,864 38,455 17,145 37,986 21,300 45,285 24,743 11,292 39,876 9,990 6,607 11,299 49,568 27,931 15,645 43,786 20,164 43,375 23,082 51,293 26,203 11,674 43,534 10,443 6,925 11,799 50,806 3,802 1973–1997 9,538 1927–1972 16,189 1963–1975 1997 2005 1997 2006 33 years 33 years 33 years 39 years 7,307 1920–1987 1997–2006 25 years to 39 years 21,025 1964–1993 1997–2010 20 years to 39 years 9,674 1963–1999 1998–2006 33 years to 39 years 2005 6,297 1960–1985 33 years 19,411 1964–1986 1994–1997 30 years to 33 years 1997 7,247 1968–1983 33 years 19,172 1965–1981 7,767 1984–1985 2,767 11,114 1971 1965 2006 1994 2004 1995 39 years 30 years 39 years 20 years 29,158 1961–1986 1997–2008 25 years to 33 years . $ 36,347 $ 344,001 $ 36,421 $ — $ (2) $ 36,345 $ 380,422 $416,767 $190,550 F-64 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (continued) (in thousands) December 31, 2018 Description(1) Other: Initial Cost to Company Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period(2)(4) Land Buildings and Improvements Improvements Carrying Cost Other(5) Land Buildings and Improvements Total Accumulated Depreciation(3) Date of Construction Date Acquired Life on Which Depreciation in Latest Income Statements is Computed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama (SNF) . . . Arizona (TBI, SNF, AL) . . Arkansas (SNF, AL) . . . California (SNF, TBI) . Colorado (SNF) . . . Connecticut (land only) . . . Florida (SNF, AL) . . . Georgia (SNF, AL) . . Idaho (SNF, AL) . Illinois (SNF) . . . . Indiana (SNF, ILF, AL, MOB, SH) . . Iowa (SNF, AL) . . . Kansas (SNF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky (SNF) . Louisiana (SNF) Michigan (SNF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota (SNF, AL, ILF) Mississippi (SNF) Missouri (SNF) . Montana (SNF) . Nebraska (SNF) . . . . . . . . . Nevada (SNF, SH, TBI) New Mexico (SNF) . North Carolina (SNF) Ohio (SNF, SH) . . Oklahoma (SNF, AL) Oregon (AL, SNF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania (SNF, AL, ILF) South Carolina (SNF) Tennessee (SNF) Texas (AL, SNF) . . . . United Kingdom (AL) Virginia (SNF, AL) . . . . . . Washington (SNF, AL) . West Virginia (SNF) Wisconsin (SNF) Total Other Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 $ 6,149 2,893 72,685 5,949 879 61,684 3,740 3,604 382 25,781 2,485 4,153 5,611 4,925 830 10,502 7,925 6,063 1,319 1,600 5,501 1,222 2,338 10,950 63,783 59,094 393,364 55,819 4,446 486,947 47,689 46,182 8,228 335,737 60,406 43,482 123,995 52,869 30,921 52,585 177,825 105,351 11,698 23,142 50,472 8,638 39,399 12,348 161,815 4,650 3,641 36,247 45,218 14,912 210,906 7,800 4,349 68,515 84,119 3,021 11,219 285 2,419 59,782 74,420 732,374 353,800 37,129 128,555 9,148 23,241 $ 6,393 — 8,516 5,103 2,346 980 88,259 769 348 — 435 — 14,219 9,851 4,878 — 5,971 827 693 1 — 8,350 — — 2,880 — 4,009 — 443 2,361 27,814 1,791 — 937 348 6,122 $ — $ — $ — — — (36) — (703) — — — (5,426) 2,535 (9,737) — — — (14,690) — — (1,841) — — — — — — — — — — — (449) — — — — (30,351) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (9,660) (711) — — — (5) — — 162 (2,532) — (44,567) — — — — — (2) — (6,249) 638 $ 6,149 2,893 72,685 5,949 879 61,684 3,740 3,604 382 25,760 2,485 4,153 5,611 4,925 830 10,502 7,925 6,055 1,319 1,600 5,501 200 2,338 12,348 4,650 3,641 17,343 63,783 67,574 397,764 58,165 — 568,004 48,458 31,840 8,228 334,352 60,406 57,701 133,846 57,298 30,921 58,556 $17,981 69,932 70,467 470,449 64,114 879 629,688 52,198 35,444 8,610 360,112 62,891 61,854 139,457 62,223 31,751 69,058 — N/A 31 years $14,986 1960–1982 1992 12,367 1949–1999 2012–2015 35 years to 40 years 33,435 1967–1988 1992–2014 25 years to 31 years 74,708 1938–2013 1997–2014 5 years to 35 years 21,066 1925–1973 1998–2016 20 years to 33 years 1999 186,128 1933–2017 1992–2017 2 years to 40 years 7,892 1967–1997 1998–2016 30 years to 40 years 7,377 1911–2008 1999–2014 30 years to 33 years 1,216 2005 94,223 1942–2008 1992–2013 20 years to 40 years 11,957 1961–1998 2010–2014 12 years to 33 years 11,938 1957–1977 2005–2011 25 years to 33 years 33 years 1963 N/A 31,384 1917–2002 1994–2014 33 years 21,598 1957–1983 1997–2018 22 years to 39 years 7,138 1964–1975 2005–2011 25 years to 33 years 9,236 1966–1983 2014 33 years 178,652 186,577 21,137 1962–2008 2009–2013 20 years to 40 years 75,701 11,699 23,142 58,822 — 38,688 164,695 36,247 49,227 81,756 13,018 24,742 64,323 200 41,026 177,043 40,897 52,868 12,434 1955–1994 1999–2016 30 years to 33 years 1,736 1963–1971 2005 33 years 5,025 1963–1969 2012–2015 20 years to 33 years 15,703 1972–2004 2009–2012 26 years to 33 years — 1984 2005 33 years 11,940 1969–1987 2010–2017 25 years to 36 years 31,910 1920–1998 1994–2013 22 years to 39 years 11,525 1965–2013 2010–2013 20 years to 33 years 7,553 1959–2004 2005–2014 25 years to 33 years 14,906 210,907 225,813 60,875 1942–2012 2004–2018 16 years to 39 years 7,800 4,349 68,515 77,529 3,021 11,218 285 2,313 60,225 76,781 757,818 317,614 37,129 129,491 9,496 23,220 68,025 81,130 826,333 395,143 40,150 140,709 9,781 25,533 11,910 1959–2007 2014–2016 20 years to 33 years 38,056 1974–2008 1992–2013 20 years to 31 years 152,877 1949–2016 1997–2018 20 years to 40 years 32,691 1750–2012 2015–2018 30 years 4,328 1989–1995 2010–2017 30 years to 40 years 21,333 1930–2004 1999–2015 30 years to 33 years 5,465 1961–1996 1994–2004 33 years to 39 years 3,817 1974–1994 2005–2012 30 years to 33 years . $456,136 $4,165,657 $204,644 $ 2,697 $(126,959) $448,382 $4,253,793 $4,702,175 $996,964 . $794,104 $6,590,274 $472,062 $18,541 $(128,571) $786,174 $6,960,236 $7,746,410 $1,562,619 The real estate included in this schedule is being used in either the operation of skilled nursing facilities (“SNF”), assisted living facilities (“ALF”), independent living facilities (“ILF”), traumatic brain injury (“TBI”), medical office building (“MOB”) or specialty hospitals (“SH”) located in the states or country indicated. (1) (2) Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Balance at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,743,958 $7,566,358 $7,655,960 Acquisitions through foreclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisitions(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,000 1,017,761 (53,717) 95,807 Disposals/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (262,451) — 419,333 (98,672) 116,786 (347,845) — 294,202 (35,014) 187,408 (356,146) Balance at close of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,566,358 $7,655,960 $7,746,410 (a) Includes approximately $35.1 million, $27.2 million and $185.6 million of noncash consideration exchanged during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. F-65 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (continued) (in thousands) December 31, 2018 (3) Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Balance at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,019,150 $1,240,336 $1,376,828 Provisions for depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dispositions/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,904 (45,718) 287,189 (150,697) 280,871 (95,080) Balance at close of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,240,336 $1,376,828 $1,562,619 (4) The reported amount of our real estate at December 31, 2018 is greater than the tax basis of the real estate by approximately $0.6 billion. (5) Reflects bed sales, impairments (including the write-off of accumulated depreciation), land easements and impacts from foreign currency exchange rates. (6) None of the facilities in the table above are encumbered. F-66 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP SCHEDULE IV — MORTGAGE LOANS ON REAL ESTATE (in thousands) December 31, 2018 Grouping Description(1) First Mortgages Interest Rate Fixed/ Variable Final Maturity Date Periodic Payment Terms Prior Liens Face Amount of Mortgages Carrying Amount of Mortgages(2)(3)(5) Carrying Amount of Loans Subject to Delinquent Principal or Interest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Maryland (3 SNF facilities) . . . 13.75% V 2028 Michigan (1 SNF facility) . . . . 11.31% V 2029 Michigan (1 SNF facility) . . . . 11.04% V 2029 Michigan (8 SNF facilities) . . . 10.77% V 2029 Michigan (8 SNF facilities) . . . 9.98% V 2029 Michigan (30 SNF facilities) . . 9.90% V 2029 Michigan (3 SNF facilities) . . . 9.73% V 2029 Michigan (1 SNF facility) . . . . 9.74% V 2029 Michigan (1 SNF facility) . . . . 8.84% V 2029 10 Michigan (5 SNF facilities) . . . 9.50% V 2029 Michigan (3 SNF facilities) . . . 9.50% V 2029 Ohio (2 SNF facilities) and Pennsylvania (5 SNF and 2 AL facilities) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.18% V 2027 Ohio (1 SNF facility) . . . . . . 12.15% V 2019 Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest plus approximately $126.0 of principal payable monthly with $382,127 due at maturity Interest plus approximately $2.0 of principal payable monthly with $10,466 due at maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest plus approximately $8.0 of principal payable monthly with $42,364 due at maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest payable monthly until maturity None $ 74,928 $ 35,964 $ — None 4,141 None 4,112 4,141 4,112 None 12,113 12,113 None 17,698 17,698 None 415,000 409,256 None 11,000 10,961 None 455 455 None 14,045 14,045 None 44,200 44,159 None 124 124 None 112,500 112,500 None 11,874 11,874 — — — — — — — — — — — — Tennessee (1 SNF facility) . . . . 8.35% F 2015 Past due None 6,997 1,472 1,472(4) Construction Mortgages Michigan (1 SNF facility) . . . . 9.73% V 2019 Michigan (1 SNF facility) . . . . 9.73% V 2019 Interest payable monthly until maturity Interest accrues monthly until maturity None 6,518 6,518 None 13,931 13,931 Virginia (1 AL facility) . . . . . 8.75% F 2018 Past due None 11,622 11,535 $761,258 $710,858 — — 11,535 $13,007 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 (1) Loans included in this schedule represent first mortgages and construction mortgages on facilities used in the delivery of long-term healthcare of which such facilities are located in the states indicated. (2) The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes is approximately $716.4 million. F-67 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP SCHEDULE IV — MORTGAGE LOANS ON REAL ESTATE (continued) (in thousands) December 31, 2018 (3) Balance at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions during period – new mortgage loans or additional fundings (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deductions during period – collection of principal/other (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Ended December 31, 2016 $679,795 48,722 (89,174) 2017 $639,343 34,643 (2,754) 2018 $671,232 65,841 (26,215) Balance at close of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $639,343 $671,232 $710,858 (a) The 2018 amount includes $0.5 million of non-cash interest paid-in-kind. (b) The 2016 amount includes $29.2 million of non-cash deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, reserves and amortization of premium. The 2017 amount includes $1.2 million of reserves and amortization of premium. The 2018 amount includes $0.1 million of amortization of premium. (4) Mortgage written down to the fair value of the underlying collateral. (5) Mortgages included in the schedule which were extended during 2018 aggregated approximately $144.8 million. F-68 EXHIBIT NUMBER 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.0 4.1 4.1A 4.1B INDEX TO EXHIBITS TO 2018 FORM 10-K DESCRIPTION Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 30, 2014, by and among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., OHI Healthcare Properties Holdco, Inc., OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership, L.P., Aviv REIT, Inc., and Aviv Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 5, 2014). Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 2, 2019, by and among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership, MedEquities Realty Trust, Inc., MedEquities OP GP, LLC and MedEquities Realty Operating Partnership, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 4, 2019). Amended and Restated Bylaws of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. as of June 8, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 9, 2017). Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., as amended. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3ASR filed on September 3, 2015). Certificate of Limited Partnership of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.121 to the Company’s Form S-4 filed with the SEC on April 16, 2015). Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership by and among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., OHI Healthcare Properties Holdco, Inc., and Aviv Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 3, 2015). See Exhibits 3.1 to 3.4. Indenture, dated as of March 11, 2014, by and among Omega, the guarantors named therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 11, 2014). First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 27, 2014, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 6, 2014). Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2014, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto and that certain Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 23, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4B to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 27, 2015). I-1 4.1C 4.1D 4.1E 4.1F 4.1G 4.1H 4.1I 4.1J 4.1K Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated effective as of March 2, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3B to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 8, 2015). Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 1, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3C to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 8, 2015). Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 4, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 6, 2015). Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 9, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2F to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 29, 2016). Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 29, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 6, 2016). Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 5, 2016). Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 8, 2016). Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 10, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2J to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2017). Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 17, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 5, 2017). I-2 4.1L 4.1M 4.2 4.2A 4.2B 4.2C 4.2D 4.2E Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.950% Senior Notes due 2024, including the Form of 4.950% Senior Notes and Form of Partial Release of Subsidiary Guarantors related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1A to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Indenture, dated as of September 11, 2014, by and among Omega, the subsidiary guarantors named therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 11, 2014). First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2014, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto and that certain Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 23, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5A to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 27, 2015). Third Supplemental Indenture, dated effective as of March 2, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2B to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on April 16, 2015). Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 1, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2B to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on April 16, 2015). Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 4, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 6, 2015). Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 9, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3E to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 29, 2016). I-3 4.2F 4.2G 4.2H 4.2I 4.2J 4.2K 4.2L 4.3 4.3A Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 29, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 6, 2016). Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 5, 2016). Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 8, 2016). Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 10, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3I to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2017). Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 17, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 5, 2017). Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025, including the Form of 4.50% Senior Notes and Form of Partial Release of Subsidiary Guarantors related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2A to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Indenture, dated as of March 18, 2015, by and among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 24, 2015). First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 1, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5A to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 8, 2015). I-4 4.3B 4.3C 4.3D 4.3E 4.3F 4.3G 4.3H 4.3I 4.3J Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 4, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2A to Omega’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on October 6, 2015). Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 9, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2B to the Amendment to Omega’s Registration Statement on Form S-4/ A filed on November 12, 2015). Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 29, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 6, 2016). Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 5, 2016). Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 8, 2016). Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 10, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4G to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2017 Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 17, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 5, 2017). Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2027, including the Form of 4.500% Senior Notes and Form of Partial Release of Subsidiary Guarantors related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3A to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). I-5 4.4 4.4A 4.4B 4.4C 4.4D 4.4E 4.4F 4.4G 4.4H Indenture, dated as of September 23, 2015, by and among Omega, the subsidiary guarantors named therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Omega’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with SEC on September 29, 2015). First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 9, 2015, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026, including the Form of 5.250% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1A to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on November 12, 2015). Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 29, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026, including the Form of 5.250% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 6, 2016). Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026, including the Form of 5.250% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 5, 2016). Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026, including the Form of 5.250% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 8, 2016). Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 10, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026, including the Form of 5.250% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5E to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2017). Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 17, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026, including the Form of 5.250% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 5, 2017). Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2017 among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026, including the Form of 5.250% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 25, 2017 among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2026, including the Form of 5.250% Senior Notes and Form of Partial Release of Subsidiary Guarantors related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4A to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). I-6 4.5 4.5A 4.5B 4.5C 4.5D 4.5E 4.6 4.6A 4.6B Indenture, dated as of July 12, 2016, by and among Omega, the subsidiary guarantors named therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 12, 2016). First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023, including the Form of 4.375% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6A to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 8, 2016). Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 10, 2016, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023, including the Form of 4.375% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6B to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2017). Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 17, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023, including the Form of 4.375% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 5, 2017). Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023, including the Form of 4.375% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.375% Senior Notes due 2023, including the Form of 4.375% Senior Notes and Form of Partial Release of Subsidiary Guarantors related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5A to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Indenture, dated as of April 4, 2017, by and among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 4, 2017). First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2028, including the Form of 4.750% Senior Notes and Form of Subsidiary Guarantee related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6A to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, related to the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2028, including the Form of 4.750% Senior Notes and Form of Partial Release of Subsidiary Guarantors related thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6B to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 9, 2017). I-7 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3A 10.4 10.4A 10.5 10.5A 10.6 10.7 Form of Directors and Officers Indemnification Agreement. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on February 23, 2018). Amended and Restated Deferred Stock Plan, dated October 16, 2012, and forms of related agreements (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed November 7, 2012). Credit Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., certain subsidiaries of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. identified therein as guarantors, the lenders named therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for such lenders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 31, 2017). First Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership and Bank of America, N.A. dated as of February 1, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2019). Credit Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2017, among OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership, the lenders named therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for such lenders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 31, 2017). First Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated as of May 25, 2017, among OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership and Bank of America, N.A. dated as of February 1, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2019). Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., certain subsidiaries of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. identified therein as guarantors, the lenders named therein and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as administrative agent for such lenders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 31, 2017). First Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated as of May 25, 2017, among Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership and MUFG Bank, LTD. (F/K/A The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, LTD.) dated as of February 1, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2019). Form of Equity Distribution Agreement dated September 3, 2015, entered into by and between Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and each of BB&T Capital Markets, a division of BB&T Securities, LLC, Capital One Securities, Inc., Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (USA), Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Omega’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 4, 2015). Form of Amendment dated September 7, 2018 to Equity Distribution Agreement dated September 3, 2015, entered into by and between Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and each of BB&T Capital Markets, a division of BB&T Securities, LLC, Capital One Securities, Inc., Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc., JPMorgan Securities LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, MUFG Securities Americas Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Omega’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 7, 2018). I-8 10.8 10.8A 10.8B 10.8C 10.8D 10.8E 10.8F 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 11, 2018).+ Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Units Agreement pursuant to the Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.+* Form of Time-Based Profits Interest Units Agreement pursuant to the Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.+* Form of TSR-Based Performance Restricted Stock Units Agreement pursuant to the Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.+* Form of TSR-Based Performance Profits Interest Units Agreement pursuant to the Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.+* Form of Relative TSR-Based Performance Restricted Stock Units Agreement pursuant to the Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.+* Form of Relative TSR-Based Performance Profits Interest Units Agreement pursuant to the Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.+* Form of Officer Deferred Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 5, 2013).+ Employment Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2015, between Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and C. Taylor Pickett (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 3, 2015).+ Employment Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2015, between Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and Daniel J. Booth (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 3, 2015).+ Employment Agreement, dated April 1, 2015, between Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and Steven J. Insoft (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 3, 2015).+ 10.12A Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective as of April 27, 2018, among OHI Asset Management LLC, the Company and Steven J. Insoft (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 1, 2018).+ 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 Employment Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2015, between Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and Robert O. Stephenson (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 3, 2015).+ Employment Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2015, between Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and Michael Ritz (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 3, 2015).+ Form of 2016 Employment Agreement Amendments for the Company’s executive officers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2016).+ Form of 2017 Employment Agreement Amendment for the Company’s executive officers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 13, 2017).+ Form of 2018 Employment Agreement Amendments for the Company’s executive officers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 22, 2017).+ Form of Employment Agreement Amendments effective January 1, 2019 for the Company’s executive officers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 20, 2018).+ I-9 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.24 10.25 21 23.1 23.2 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Grants made 2016, 2017 and 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2016).+ Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Grants made 2016, 2017 and 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2016).+ Form of Performance-Based LTIP Unit Agreement for Grants made 2016, 2017 and 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2016).+ Amended and Restated Phantom Partnership Unit Award Agreement, dated as of September 17, 2010, among Aviv Asset Management, L.L.C., Steven J. Insoft and Aviv Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Aviv REIT, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on May 2, 2011).+ Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Deferred Cash Compensation Plan with form of Deferral Agreement pursuant to the Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Deferred Cash Compensation Plan (June 30, 2018) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Omega Healthcare Investor Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2018).+ Subsidiaries of the Registrants.* Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.* Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership.* Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.* Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.* Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership.* Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership.* Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.* Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.* Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership.* Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership.* 101.INS XBRL Instance Document. 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. Exhibits that are filed herewith. * + Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement. I-10 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: February 26, 2019 Date: February 26, 2019 OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. Registrant By: /s/ C. Taylor Pickett C. Taylor Pickett Chief Executive Officer OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP Co-Registrant By: Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., its General Partner By: /s/ C. Taylor Pickett C. Taylor Pickett Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., for itself and in its capacity as General Partner of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership, and in the capacities on the date indicated. Signatures Title Date /s/ C. Taylor Pickett C. Taylor Pickett /s/ Robert O. Stephenson Robert O. Stephenson /s/ Michael D. Ritz Michael D. Ritz /s/ Craig R. Callen Craig R. Callen /s/ Kapila K. Anand Kapila K. Anand /s/ Norman Bobins Norman Bobins /s/ Barbara B. Hill Barbara B. Hill /s/ Edward Lowenthal Edward Lowenthal /s/ Ben W. Perks Ben W. Perks /s/ C. Taylor Pickett C. Taylor Pickett Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) February 26, 2019 February 26, 2019 Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) February 26, 2019 Chairman of the Board February 26, 2019 Director Director Director Director Director Director I-11 February 26, 2019 February 26, 2019 February 26, 2019 February 26, 2019 February 26, 2019 February 26, 2019 Signatures Title Date /s/ Stephen D. Plavin Stephen D. Plavin /s/ Burke W. Whitman Burke W. Whitman Director Director February 26, 2019 February 26, 2019 I-12 Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Form S-8 Registration Statements (File Nos. 333-22595, 333-189144 and 333-117656) related to the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (formerly known as the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan and 2004 Stock Incentive Plan) of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; (2) Form S-3 Registration Statement (File No. 333-215424) related to Dividend Reinvestment and Common Stock Purchase Plan of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; (3) Form S-3 Registration Statement (File No. 333-227148) related to the registration of preferred stock, common stock, warrants, and units of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; (4) Form S-3 Registration Statement (File No. 333-228321) pertaining to the debt securities and guarantees of debt securities of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; and (5) Form S-4 Registration Statement (File No. 333-229594) relating to common stock issuable in connection with the acquisition of MedEquities Realty Trust, Inc. of our reports dated February 26, 2019, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedules of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Baltimore, Maryland February 26, 2019 Exhibit 23.2 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Form S-8 Registration Statements (File Nos. 333-22595, 333-189144 and 333-117656) related to the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (formerly known as the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan and 2004 Stock Incentive Plan) of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; (2) Form S-3 Registration Statement (File No. 333-215424) related to Dividend Reinvestment and Common Stock Purchase Plan of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; (3) Form S-3 Registration Statement (File No. 333-227148) related to the registration of preferred stock, common stock, warrants, and units of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; (4) Form S-3 Registration Statement (File No. 333-228321) pertaining to the debt securities and guarantees of debt securities of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; and (5) Form S-4 Registration Statement (File No. 333-229594) relating to common stock issuable in connection with the acquisition of MedEquities Realty Trust, Inc. of our reports dated February 26, 2019, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedules of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership, included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Baltimore, Maryland February 26, 2019 RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Exhibit 31.1 I, C. Taylor Pickett, certify that: Certification 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 26, 2019 /S/ C. TAYLOR PICKETT C. Taylor Pickett Chief Executive Officer RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Exhibit 31.2 I, Robert O. Stephenson, certify that: Certifications 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 26, 2019 /S/ ROBERT O. STEPHENSON Robert O. Stephenson Chief Financial Officer RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Exhibit 31.3 I, C. Taylor Pickett, certify that: Certification 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 26, 2019 /S/ C. TAYLOR PICKETT C. Taylor Pickett Chief Executive Officer RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Exhibit 31.4 I, Robert O. Stephenson, certify that: Certifications 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 26, 2019 /S/ ROBERT O. STEPHENSON Robert O. Stephenson Chief Financial Officer Exhibit 32.1 SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER I, C. Taylor Pickett, Chief Executive Officer of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 26, 2019 /S/ C. TAYLOR PICKETT C. Taylor Pickett Chief Executive Officer Exhibit 32.2 SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER I, Robert O. Stephenson, Chief Financial Officer of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that, to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 26, 2019 /S/ ROBERT O. STEPHENSON Robert O. Stephenson Chief Financial Officer Exhibit 32.3 SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER I, C. Taylor Pickett, Chief Executive Officer of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (the “Partnership”), hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Partnership for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Partnership. Date: February 26, 2019 /S/ C. TAYLOR PICKETT C. Taylor Pickett Chief Executive Officer Exhibit 32.4 SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER I, Robert O. Stephenson, Chief Financial Officer of OHI Healthcare Properties Limited Partnership (the “Partnership”), hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that, to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Partnership for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Partnership. Date: February 26, 2019 /S/ ROBERT O. STEPHENSON Robert O. Stephenson Chief Financial Officer OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVESTORS, INC. AND OHI HEALTHCARE PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN Comparison of Cumulative Total Return* OHI NAREIT COMPOSITE ALL REITS S&P 500 Russell 2000 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 - 12/31/2013 12/31/2014 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 * $100 invested on December 31, 2013 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION Executive Officers and Directors as of April 24, 2019 C. Taylor Pickett(1) Chief Executive Officer Director Daniel J. Booth Chief Operating Officer Steven J. Insoft Chief Corporate Development Officer Robert O. Stephenson Chief Financial Officer Michael D. Ritz Chief Accounting Officer Kapila K. Anand(3) Director Norman R. Bobins(1) Director Craig R. Callen(1), (3) Chairman of the Board Barbara B. Hill(2) Director Edward Lowenthal(2), (3), (4) Director Ben W. Perks(3) Director Stephen D. Plavin(2), (4) Director Burke W. Whitman Director (1) Member of Investment Committee (2) Member of Compensation Committee (3) Member of Audit Committee (4) Member of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan The Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan provides investors and shareholders with a convenient method for reinvesting dividends and purchasing shares of Common Stock directly from the Company without paying any service charges or brokerage commissions. Please see www.omegahealthcare.com and click on “Stock Purchase Plan” for plan features. Please call 800-368-5948 for information the Plan, and to request a prospectus Plan enrollment at about and materials www.computershare.com/investor. forms. Alternatively, downloaded directly can be Auditors Ernst & Young LLP Baltimore, Maryland Transfer Agent and Registrar Postal correspondence should be mailed to: Computershare P.O. Box 505000 Louisville, KY 40233 Overnight correspondence should be sent to: Computershare 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600 Louisville, KY 40202 Exchange Listing New York Stock Exchange (Symbol: OHI) Corporate Office 303 International Circle Suite 200 Hunt Valley, MD 21030 (410) 427-1700 Phone (410) 427-8800 Fax Annual Meeting The Annual Meeting of the Stockholders will be held at 10:00 A.M. EDT June 7, 2019 at the Company’s at 303 International Circle, Suite 200, Hunt Valley, Maryland. All stockholders are invited to attend. executive principal offices Publications Available To view a copy of press releases or the most recent financial results, please visit the Company’s web site at www.omegahealthcare.com. Member National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. NYSE Certification Executive Officer’s annual The Chief certification pursuant the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual was submitted to the New York Stock Exchange on June 22, 2018. There are no qualifications to that certification. to §303.12(a) of 303 International Circle, Suite 200 Hunt Valley, MD 21030 Phone (410) 427-1700 Fax (410) 427-8800