Ooma
Annual Report 2021

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☐☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 OR For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-37493 Ooma, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 06-1713274 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) Title of each class Common Stock, par value $0.0001 525 Almanor Avenue, Suite 200, Sunnyvale, California 94085 (Address of principal executive offices and zip code) Registrant’s telephone number (650) 566-6600 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Trading Symbol OOMA Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Name of each exchange on which registered The New York Stock Exchange Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: Large Accelerated Filer Non-Accelerated Filer   ☐     ☐   Accelerated Filer Small reporting company Emerging growth company   ☒   ☐   ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of July 31, 2020 was approximately $315 million based upon the closing price reported for such date on the New York Stock Exchange. 23.2 million shares of common stock were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021. Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE                               Ooma, Inc. Table of Contents Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Consolidated Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules PART I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. PART II Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. PART III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. PART IV Item 15. Exhibits Signatures Page 2 11 40 40 40 40 41 42 43 55 56 83 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 85 86 88                                                                                                                                                   FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 (“Form 10-K”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The words “believe,” “will,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “could,” “potentially” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, which may include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • our ability to effectively manage any disruptions to our business and/or any negative impact to our financial performance caused by the economic and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; our future financial performance, including trends in revenue, cost of revenue, operating expenses and income taxes; our estimates of the size of our market opportunity and forecasts of market growth; changes to our business resulting from increased competition or changes in market trends; our ability to develop, launch or acquire new products and services, improve our existing products and services and increase the value of our products and services; our ability to increase our revenue and our revenue growth rate, anticipate demand for our products, and effectively manage our future growth; our ability to successfully maintain our relationships with our key retailers and resellers; our ability to attract and retain customers, including our ability to maintain adequate customer care and manage increases in our churn rate; our ability to improve local number portability provisioning and obtain direct inward dialing numbers; our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our brand and intellectual property; government regulation, including compliance with regulatory requirements and changes in market rules, rates and tariffs; our ability to comply with applicable FCC regulations, including those regarding E-911 services; increasing regulation of our services and the imposition of federal, state and municipal sales and use taxes, fees or surcharges on our services; the effects of industry trends on our results of operations; server or system failures that could affect the quality or disrupt the services we provide and our ability to maintain data security; our ability to borrow additional funds and access capital markets, as well as our ability to comply with the terms of our indebtedness and the possibility that we may incur additional indebtedness in the future; the differences between our services, including emergency calling, compared to traditional phone services; the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements; our ability to successfully enter new markets, manage our international expansion, and identify, evaluate and consummate acquisitions; the future trading prices of our common stock; and other risk factors included under the section titled “Risk Factors” You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Such statements are based on management’s expectations as of the date of this filing and involve many risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results, events or circumstances to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements, in particular the substantial risks and uncertainties related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Such risks and uncertainties include those described throughout this report and particularly in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider all of the information in this Form 10-K and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-K to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this filing or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make. When we use the terms “Ooma,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” in this report, we are referring to Ooma, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context requires otherwise. Ooma, Ooma Premier, Ooma Telo, Ooma Office, Ooma Home, Broadsmart, Talkatone and the Ooma logo referred to or displayed herein are trademarks of Ooma, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All other company and product names referred to herein may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated.   Item 1. Business Overview PART I Ooma creates powerful connected experiences for businesses and consumers. Our smart software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) and unified-communications-as-a-service (“UCaaS”) platforms offer cloud-based communications solutions, smart security and other connected services. Our business and residential solutions deliver PureVoice high-definition voice quality, advanced functionality and integration with mobile devices, at competitive pricing and value. Our platforms help create smart workplaces and homes by providing communications, monitoring, security, automation, productivity and networking infrastructure applications. We drive the adoption of our platforms by providing communications solutions to the large and growing markets for business, residential and mobile users, and then facilitate growth by offering new and innovative connected services to our user base. Our customers typically adopt our platforms by making a purchase or rental of our on-premise appliances, connecting to the internet and activating services, for which they primarily pay on a monthly basis. We believe we have achieved high levels of customer satisfaction, retention and loyalty. Our business and residential phone service solutions are each ranked #1 by our customers according to surveys by PC Mag and Consumer Reports, respectively. Our services rely upon the following main elements: our multi-tenant cloud service, on-premise appliances, desktop and mobile applications, end-point devices and calling platform. Ooma’s cloud provides a high- quality, secure, managed, and reliable connection integrating every element of our platforms. Our on-premise appliances incorporate both a custom-designed, Linux-based computer and a high-speed network router, with several key features, including wireless connectivity to end-point devices and custom firmware and software applications that are remotely upgradable and extensible to new services. Our desktop and mobile applications enable customers to access our product features from anywhere, and our end-point devices enable additional functionality and services. Our calling platform provides a high-volume, low-cost infrastructure for all our calling applications. Our platforms power all aspects of our business, providing the infrastructure for the communications portion of our business and enabling a number of other current and future productivity, automation, monitoring, safety, security and networking infrastructure applications and services. We generate revenues primarily from the sale of subscriptions and other services for our business and residential communications solutions. We primarily offer our solutions in the U.S. and Canada. We believe that our differentiated platforms and our long-term customer relationships uniquely position us to add new connected services and exploit adjacent markets, all without significant capital investment or high customer acquisition costs to drive their adoption. We believe that our platforms are particularly well-suited to enable the delivery of connected services because it is always on, monitored and interactive. We have experienced strong revenue and user growth in recent periods, growing our combined Ooma Business and Ooma Residential core users from approximately 976,000 as of January 31, 2019 to approximately 1,074,000 as of January 31, 2021. Our total revenue was $168.9 million, $151.6 million and $129.2 million in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” below for additional information, including non-GAAP reconciliations. We were incorporated in 2003 as a Delaware corporation and our stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “OOMA.” Our corporate headquarters is located in Sunnyvale, California. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 2 Our Solutions Ooma Business Our mission is providing business communications services that are simple, easy to use, and deliver excellent value to small, medium-sized and large companies. We offer a range of solutions to fit each business’ needs, along with personalized support to resolve any issues in deploying and maintaining Ooma services. We refer to Ooma Office and Ooma Enterprise collectively as Ooma Business. Ooma Office Ooma Office is a cloud-based multi-user communications system for small and medium-sized businesses designed to manage communications in and out of the office with a suite of powerful features at an affordable price. Ooma Office is simple and intuitive to setup and use, mobile-friendly, scalable, and provides a variety of configurations to meet our customers’ specific needs. Customers have their choice of equipment for voice service, including IP phones, smartphones, PCs and traditional analog phones. The Ooma Office mobile app for iOS and Android allows virtual deployment without hardware. Ooma Office provides a curated set of advanced features, managed through an online portal, including a virtual receptionist, video text messaging, remote extension dialing, ring groups, call park, conferencing, music-on-hold, overhead paging, and voicemail forwarding to e-mail. The Ooma Office Mobile app allows users to make, receive and transfer phone calls, listen to voicemails, text, and manage their Ooma account on the go from any iOS or Android device. Ooma Office Pro provides a set of additional features that are designed for businesses whose needs are above and beyond our standard Ooma Office service, including: HD video meetings (Ooma Meetings), call recording, enhanced call blocking and voicemail transcription. The Office Pro desktop app conveniently enables users to have their complete business communications system on their PCs and Macs to make and receive calls, host and join video meetings, use SMS and MMS texting, access company directories and other capabilities. The app works anywhere the computer has an internet connection, keeping employees and teams connected while working from home, on the road, or in the office. Ooma Meetings is our new video collaboration platform included as part of Ooma Office Pro that makes it easy for multiple users to share their screens simultaneously. We also offer the following additional services to our Ooma Office customers: Ooma Connect delivers both fixed wireless internet connectivity and Ooma Office phone service to replace or back-up slow, costly DSL, satellite and cable services. The solution consists of the Ooma Connect Base Station and the Ooma LTE antenna, which provides wireless internet through a nationwide LTE-Advanced network. Ooma Managed Wi-Fi is a plug-and-play enterprise-grade Wi-Fi solution that takes the complexity and high cost out of wireless networking for small and medium-sized businesses. Ooma Wi-Fi enables businesses in industries such as retail, restaurant, and hospitality to provide secure Wi-Fi to guests and for online payment systems while maintaining separate connectivity for cloud-based back-end solutions, such as Microsoft Office, Google Workspace or CRM systems. Ooma Enterprise Ooma Enterprise is a highly customizable, flexible, and scalable UCaaS solution that complements Ooma Office and allows us to meet the needs of organizations of all sizes. Telecommunications and networking services available through Ooma Enterprise include: mobile and softphone telephony, presence and instant messaging, multiparty audio, video and web conferencing, and call center capabilities with full Application Programming Interface (“API”) support. Our enterprise UCaaS platform enables easy drag-and-drop call flow management, using modular applications that can be selectively enabled to suit customer needs. Some applications include WebRTC, Call Center, Mobile and Desktop applications, Team Chat, and a distinctive reporting portal for end users and administrators. Additionally, for call center customers, we offer agents and call center managers the ability to visualize their performance through their day or over time with custom reporting solutions. Our global cloud-based network provides business-class security, redundancy, and failover, as well as uniquely routes calls through the shortest path to provide the highest voice quality. Our platform is built on an open API architecture that enables agility, customizations, and integrations into back-end solutions such as CRM, predictive analytics, accounting and customer renewal systems, either internally or via third party developers. This gives Ooma Enterprise customers the ability to streamline business processes and ensure their customers are serviced faster, boosting satisfaction, repeat orders, referrals, and revenues in addition to enabling their users to improve productivity. In addition, we now offer Direct Routing for Microsoft Teams. Through our global network, every device enabled with the Teams app – desktops, laptops, smart phones and tablets – becomes a fully functional business phone that connects Teams users to external phone lines. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 3 Ooma Residential Ooma Residential includes Ooma Telo basic and premier services as well as our smart security solutions. Our residential phone service provides PureVoice HD voice quality, advanced functionality and integration with mobile devices. Home Phone Services Ooma Basic provides unlimited calling within the U.S. and features such as: voicemail access, call waiting, caller ID, network address book and 911 calling, with text alerts when 911 is dialed from the home. Our Ooma Mobile HD app allows users to make and receive phone calls and access Ooma features and settings with any iOS or Android device over a Wi-Fi or cellular data connection. The app includes unlimited mobile domestic calls, subject to normal residential usage limitations, and enables users to make international calls on their mobile devices using Ooma’s attractive international calling plan. Ooma Premier offers a suite of over 25 advanced calling features on a monthly or annual subscription basis. Ooma Premier helps our users enhance their privacy via custom and anonymous call blocking, stay connected on the go, better manage and access their voicemail, expand calling options, and connect with a variety of devices and services to enable new functionality and automation. We also offer other premium subscription services to our customers, independent of Ooma Premier, including an international calling plan and voicemail transcription service. Home Phone Products We offer three ways to connect to our residential phone services: Ooma Telo is a complete home communications solution designed to serve as the primary phone line in the home, delivering high-quality voice communications, advanced calling features and connected services that are not offered by traditional landlines. Users make a one-time purchase of an Ooma Telo and plug it into a high-speed internet connection and standard home phone devices. Users have the option to transfer their existing phone number for a one-time fee or to select a new number at no cost. Once set up, users have access to free nationwide calling, international calling with low rates and the features described above. Ooma Telo Air is an Ooma Telo with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity that connects to the internet wirelessly using the home’s Wi-Fi network and can be paired with mobile phones to answer incoming mobile calls from any phone in the home. Ooma Telo 4G is an Ooma Telo with back-up internet service that runs on a high-speed wireless LTE network. The Ooma Telo 4G combines the Ooma Telo base station with the Ooma 4G Adapter and battery back-up to deliver an always-on home phone solution with all of the advanced features provided by our unique cloud-based residential platform. Overall, our residential platform enables an ecosystem for connected services by integrating with other automation solutions to enable innovative and valuable features. Home Security Ooma Smart Security is an innovative security and monitoring platform that utilizes the Ooma Telo device to provide do-it-yourself home security and awareness through a range of sensors including door and window, motion, garage door, water, siren, smoke, and a keypad that acts as a physical control panel for the security system. Ooma Smart Security also offers professional monitoring services, remote 911 features and multi- user geofencing capabilities to automatically arm and disarm the security system. The Ooma Smart Security mobile app for iOS and Android is the interface through which users interact with the system to pair sensors, toggle between home, away and vacation modes, check activity logs and manage and receive notifications. Talkatone Our Talkatone mobile app is available to anyone with an iOS or Android mobile device. Users download the app from the Apple App Store or Google Play for free. Users select a phone number that they can use to make calls and texts to most U.S. and Canada numbers using a Wi-Fi or cellular data connection within and out of network. Advertising is displayed within the Talkatone mobile app and users can purchase premium services such as ad-free usage and international calling plans. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 4 Sales and Marketing Our sales and marketing objective is to grow our customer base and sell to our existing customers additional services using an integrated and multi-channel marketing approach. We continually test and refine our marketing and sales tactics to drive sales at a low customer acquisition cost. Marketing and Advertising Online. We use online marketing including search engine marketing, search engine optimization, online video, digital display advertising and social media to attract customers as they do online research for the products and services we offer. We continue to reach out to our prospect leads over time using e-mail and telemarketing until they purchase or the lead is retired. Traditional. We use radio advertising to build awareness and interest for our products and services, which benefits both Ooma Business and Ooma Residential. We believe that radio advertising provides an opportunity to build the Ooma brand cost-effectively, educate prospects on Ooma’s unique combination of quality and value, and capture prospects’ attention. Businesses and consumers who hear our ads are directed to our web site, our inbound sales personnel, and/or to key retail partners. Word-of-mouth. We actively mobilize our customers and brand advocates to spread word-of-mouth marketing by sharing Ooma news and information through social media and e-mail. We sell additional services to our existing customer base by offering free trials and promotional offers, as well as sending e-mail communications and leaving messages on their Ooma voicemail service. Sales, Customers and Backlog Our business and residential products are sold through direct channels, retail, value-added resellers and other resellers. The direct channel and value-added resellers are our primary distribution channels for business customers and the direct and retail channel is our primary distribution channel for residential customers. Our direct sales force is focused on business sales and includes highly trained sales representatives located in the U.S. and Canada responding to inbound telephone calls and sales leads generated through marketing activity and our website and third-party web sites. Our retail distribution includes national and regional consumer electronics, big box retailers and leading online retailers, including Amazon, Best Buy, Costco.com, Walmart.com and others. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019. Our service plans are generally sold as monthly subscriptions; however, certain plans are also offered as annual and multi-year subscriptions. Products are generally shipped and billed shortly after receipt of an order. We do not believe that our product backlog at any particular time is meaningful because it is not necessarily indicative of future revenue in any given period as such orders may be rescheduled or cancelled without penalty prior to shipment. The majority of our product revenue comes from orders that are received and shipped in the same quarter. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 5   Customer Support Our primary customer support objective is to satisfy our customers and educate them on the features and benefits of our products to optimize the overall user experience. We employ an active customer management strategy in which we drive incremental revenue through cross-selling of products and services. Our customer support teams also manage the porting process for our customers as well as billing and payment activities. We maintain two customer contact centers: one operated by us in Newark, California, which primarily supports our business customers, and the other operated by a third-party provider in Manila, Philippines, which primarily supports our residential customers. In addition, our offices located in Vancouver, British Columbia and Boca Raton, Florida support our enterprise customers. We utilize a variety of communication media to serve the needs of our customers including telephone, online chat, online tutorials and e-mail. Engineering, Research and Development We take an integrated approach to the development of our technology. Our extensive engineering resources span both hardware and software, and our business scope encompasses the entire platform from user devices such as handsets to cloud infrastructure, giving us the ability to create unique features and services for our customers. We believe our integrated engineering and business strategy is a significant competitive advantage and makes it feasible for us to leverage our platforms to deliver a broad range of productivity, automation and infrastructure connected services. We have invested significant time and resources into developing our engineering, research and development team, resulting in a group with diverse skills, ranging from digital and radio frequency hardware design to embedded software, network software, telecommunications, database architecture, operations support systems, billing, security, web design and mobile app development. Because our team develops and integrates our solutions, we are able to offer a solution that works seamlessly between software and hardware and respond to customer feedback to add in additional features and services that work across our platforms. Our team consists of a core set of engineers located primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area, augmented by development teams in a number of international locations. Operations and Manufacturing We currently serve the majority of our customers from three separate data center facilities located in Northern California, Texas and Virginia, where we lease space from Equinix, Inc. While our service operations are partially redundant, account provisioning and billing are operated out of the San Jose facility for most of our customers. Our network operations and carrier operations teams are responsible for designing our core routing and switching infrastructure, managing growth and maintenance (including the introduction of new services) and orchestrating vendor relationships for hosted services, IP transit and carrier services and daily operation of our cloud and other services. The design of these services, and the tools for monitoring and managing them, are developed in combination with our engineering team. We primarily contract with manufacturers in China and other Asian countries to produce our on-premise appliances and end-point devices. We configure and ship to our channel partners and end users through our internal manufacturing and logistics team based in Newark, California. Our internal logistics team also manages reverse logistics for channel and warranty returns and works closely with our engineering team to develop tooling and processes that bring new products into production. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 6   Competition The market for communications solutions and other connected services for business, home and mobile users is very large, complex, fragmented and defined by changing technology and customer demands. We expect competition to continue to increase in the future. We believe that the defining factors driving competition in our market include: • • • • • • • • • Quality and consistency of communications services; Lifetime value of initial investment and ongoing cost of services; Breadth of features and capabilities; System reliability, availability and performance; Speed and ease of activation, setup, and configuration; Ownership and control of the proprietary technology; Integration with multiple end-point devices and mobile solutions; Customer satisfaction and brand loyalty; and Ability to effectively access reseller channels We believe that we generally compete favorably on the basis of the factors listed above. We face competition from a broad range of providers of communications solutions and other connected services for business, home and mobile users. Some of these competitors include: • • • Established communications providers, such as AT&T Inc., Comcast Corporation, Verizon Communications Inc. and Rogers Communications Inc; Other cloud-based communications companies such as RingCentral Inc., Vonage Holdings Corp, 8x8 Inc., Coredial LLC, Evolve IP LLC, Intermedia.net Inc., Dialpad Inc., Microsoft Corporation, Zoom Video Communications, Inc., and Alphabet Inc. (Google Voice); and Traditional on-premise hardware business communications providers such as Avaya Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc. and Mitel, Inc. All of these companies currently or may in the future host their solutions through the cloud. We also face competition in the home security market from several established providers. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 7                           Human Capital People and Culture. We view our people and our company culture as key to our success. We aim to attract and retain talented people representing diverse perspectives and skills, who are driven by our common Ooma values: We care that everyone loves their Ooma experience. We think big to innovate and revolutionize markets. We create smarter solutions that uniquely deliver both superior experiences and superior value. We embrace diversity of thought to make the best decisions. We respect that problems are best solved by fact-based discussions and positive intent. We choose to be a force for good in the world. From time-to-time, we conduct confidential company-wide surveys to capture our employees’ views of the organization, company goals and job satisfaction, which our senior leadership team reviews and acts upon, as appropriate. Our employees are encouraged to engage with company leadership and openly raise concerns and questions, including via our quarterly employee communications meeting with the CEO and senior management team. Our management team also regularly hosts “Ask and Answer” sessions across the organization to create more opportunities for employees to communicate, share ideas and learn about Ooma. In calendar year 2020, we were named one of the Bay Area’s “Best Places to Work” by the Silicon Valley Business Journal and the San Francisco Business Times. Diversity, Equity, Inclusion (“DEI”) and Racial Justice. Our commitment to DEI and racial justice is more than the policies and practices we develop and adhere to – it is an integral part of who we are and how we operate. We believe it is our responsibility to embrace a diverse employee workforce, build a strong and caring culture of inclusion and lead with both passion and compassion. During fiscal 2021, we formed an internal committee led by our Chief Financial Officer, as well as joined the Silicon Valley Leadership Group’s DEI committee, to continue to support and enhance our practice of DEI and racial justice values. For example, we increased gender and ethnic diversity on our Board of Directors in January 2021. We believe a diverse and inclusive workforce serves to enrich our employee experience. Compensation and Benefits. We aim to provide our employees competitive salaries and benefit programs that help meet the varying needs of our workforce. These programs include an employee stock purchase plan, equity awards and bonuses, a 401(k) retirement plan with a company match, healthcare benefits, paid time off and family leave, and flexible work arrangements. We conduct annual benchmarking to assess our compensation and benefit programs against those of our peers. Workplace Health and Safety. We are committed to providing a safe and healthy workplace for our workforce. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented significant changes in compliance with local regulations. This includes currently requiring most of our employees to work from home, while implementing additional safety measures for personnel continuing critical on-site work. Community Support. We believe in giving back and promoting community outreach through corporate giving and employee volunteerism. Through our “Ooma Giving Back” program, we partner with certain non-profit organizations to help support several local communities. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 8     Intellectual Property We rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants and other third parties, as well as other contractual protections to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. We control access to our software, documentation and other proprietary information, and our software is protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. As of January 31, 2021, we had 34 issued patents and 14 patent applications pending in the U.S. and 7 patent applications pending in foreign jurisdictions, all of which are associated with U.S. applications. Our issued patents will expire approximately between 2031 and 2038. We cannot assure you whether any of our patent applications will result in the issuance of a patent or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims. Any issued patents may be contested, circumvented, found unenforceable or invalidated, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing them. We are also a party to various license agreements with third parties who typically grant us the right to use certain third-party technology in conjunction with our products and services, or to integrate software into our products, including open source software and other software available on commercially reasonable terms. Despite the foregoing protections, unauthorized parties may attempt to misappropriate our rights or to copy or obtain and use our proprietary technology to develop products and services with the same functionality as ours. Policing unauthorized use of our technology and intellectual property rights is difficult and enforcing our intellectual property rights is expensive and uncertain. Although our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary technology and other intellectual property rights, we believe the technological and creative skills of our personnel, the development of new features and functionality and frequent enhancements to our products and services are the primary methods of establishing and maintaining our technology leadership position. Employees and Contractors As of January 31, 2021, we had a total of 357 full-time employees, the majority of whom are located in the U.S. and Canada. None of our employees is represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. Additionally, we utilize third party contractors and temporary personnel to supplement our workforce. Regulatory Matters Traditional telephone service historically has been subject to extensive federal and state regulation, while Internet services generally have been subject to less regulation. Because some elements of VoIP resemble the services provided by traditional telephone companies and others resemble the services provided by internet service providers. The Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), the U.S. Congress, and various regulatory bodies in the states and in foreign countries have imposed regulations on VoIP providers and are continuing to consider new regulatory requirements on VoIP services. Federal Regulation As a provider of internet communications services, we are subject to a number of FCC regulations. Among others, these regulatory obligations include: contributing to the Federal Universal Service Fund (“USF”), the Telecommunications Relay Service Fund and federal programs related to phone number administration; providing access to E-911 services; protecting customer information; and porting phone numbers upon a valid customer request. If we do not comply with any current or future rules or regulations that apply to our business, we could be subject to substantial fines and penalties, may have to restructure our service offerings, exit certain markets or raise the price of our services, any of which could ultimately harm our business and results of operations. State Regulation The FCC has preempted much regulation of internet voice communications services. However, a number of states have ruled that non-nomadic internet voice communications services may or do fall within the definition of “telecommunications services” or are otherwise within state telecommunications regulatory jurisdiction and therefore those states assert that they have authority to regulate the service. Although no states currently require certification for nomadic internet voice communications service providers, a number of states have imposed certain traditional telecommunications requirements on such services. For example, a number of states require us to contribute to state USF and E-911 and pay other surcharges, which are passed through to our customers, while others are actively considering extending their public policy programs to include the services we provide. We expect that state public utility commissions will continue their attempts to apply state telecommunications regulations to internet voice communications services like ours. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 9   International Regulation As we expand internationally, we are subject to laws and regulations in the countries in which we offer our services. Regulatory treatment of internet communications services outside the U.S. varies from country to country, is often unclear, and may be more onerous than imposed on our services in the U.S. In Canada, our service is regulated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (“CRTC”) which, among other things, imposes requirements similar to the U.S. related to the provision of E-911 services in all areas of Canada where the traditional telephone carrier offers such 911 services. Our regulatory obligations in foreign jurisdictions could have a material adverse effect on our ability to expand internationally, and on the use of our services in international locations. See “Risks Related to Regulatory and Tax Matters” in Item 1A. Risk Factors below for more information. Available Information Our headquarters are located at 525 Almanor Avenue Suite 200, Sunnyvale, California 94085, and our telephone number is (650) 566-6600. Our corporate website address is www.ooma.com. We use the Investor Relations page of our website for purposes of compliance with Regulation FD and as a routine channel for distribution of important information, including news releases, analyst presentations, financial information and corporate governance practices. Our filings with the SEC such as our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports are posted on our website and available free of charge as soon as reasonably practical after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The SEC’s website, www.sec.gov, contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The content on any website referred to in this Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K unless expressly noted. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 10     ITEM 1A. Risk Factors Our current and prospective investors should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” before making investment decisions regarding our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below may not be the only ones we face but include the most significant factors currently known by us. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, also may become important factors that affect us. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. Risk Factor Summary Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and the following is a summary of key risk factors when considering an investment. This summary should be read together with the more detailed description of each risk factor contained in the subheadings further below and should not be relied upon as an exhaustive summary of the material risks facing our business. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: Risks Related to Our Business and Industry • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could disrupt and cause harm to our business, operating results or financial condition. If we are unable to attract new users of our services on a cost-effective basis, our business will be materially and adversely affected. Our customers may terminate their subscriptions for our service in most cases without penalty, and increased customer turnover, or costs we incur to retain our customers and induce them to add users and/or functionality could materially and adversely affect our financial performance. We face competition in our markets by our competitors (including mergers or other strategic transactions involving our competitors) and may lack sufficient financial or other resources to compete successfully. We rely significantly on retailers and reseller partnerships to sell our products; our failure to effectively develop, manage and maintain these sales channels could materially and adversely affect our revenue and business. We depend on a sole supplier to provide the components for, and a small number of vendors to manufacture, certain on-premise appliances, end-point devices and security systems we sell, and any delay or interruption in manufacturing, configuring and delivering by these third parties would result in delayed or reduced shipments to our customers and may harm our business. To deliver our services, we rely on third parties for our network connectivity and co‑location facilities for certain features in our services and for certain elements of providing our services. Interruptions in our services could harm our reputation, result in significant costs to us and impair our ability to sell our services. We rely on third parties to provide the majority of our customer service and support representatives. If these third parties do not provide our customers with reliable, high‑quality service, our reputation and our business will be harmed. Our business could suffer if we cannot obtain or retain direct inward dialing numbers, or DIDs, are prohibited from obtaining local or toll-free numbers, or are limited to distributing local or toll-free numbers to only certain customers. If we are unable to effectively process local number and toll-free number portability provisioning in a timely manner, our growth may be negatively affected. We may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future. If we fail to continue developing our brand or our reputation is harmed, our business may suffer. Our quarterly and annual results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to do so. As a result, we may fail to meet or to exceed the expectations of research analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to fluctuate. If additional tariffs or other restrictions are placed on our goods imported from other countries, our revenue, gross margin, and results of operations may be materially harmed. A significant portion of our revenues today come from small and medium-sized businesses, which may have fewer financial resources to weather an economic downturn. If we are not able to manage our inventory levels effectively, we may experience excess inventory levels, inventory obsolescence, or shortages of inventory that could adversely affect our results of operations. We may expand through acquisitions of, or investments in, other companies, each of which may divert our management’s attention, disrupt our operations and harm our results of operations. We may not be able to secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet our future capital needs. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 11   • Shifts in trends or the emergence of new technologies may render our solutions obsolete or require us to expend significant resources to develop, license, or acquire new products, services or applications on a timely and cost-effective basis in order to remain competitive. Risks Related to Security, IT Systems and Intellectual Property • • • • • • A security breach could delay or interrupt service to our customers, compromise the integrity of our systems or data that we collect, result in the loss of our intellectual property or confidential information, harm our reputation, or subject us to significant liability. We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant costs to protect against security breaches. We may incur significant additional costs in the future to address problems caused by any actual or perceived security breaches. Failures in internet infrastructure or interference with broadband access could cause current or potential customers to believe that our systems are unreliable, leading our current customers to switch to our competitors or potential customers to avoid using our services. The success of our business relies on customers’ continued and unimpeded access to broadband service. Providers of broadband services may block or degrade our services, which could adversely affect our revenue and growth. If we experience excessive fraudulent activity or cannot meet evolving credit card association merchant standards, we could incur substantial costs and lose the right to accept credit cards for payment, which could cause our customer base to decline significantly. Our limited ability to protect our intellectual property rights could materially and adversely affect our business. Risks Related to Regulatory and Tax Matters • • • • • • • • • Our services are subject to regulation and future legislative or regulatory actions could adversely affect our business and expose us to liability. The adoption of additional 911 requirements by the FCC could increase our costs that could make our service more expensive, decrease our profit margins, or both. If we cannot comply with the FCC’s rules imposing call signaling requirements on VoIP providers like us, we may be subject to fines, cease and desist orders, or other penalties. Failure to comply with communications and telemarketing laws could result in significant fines or place significant restrictions on our business. The FCC has continued to increase regulation of interconnected VoIP services and may at any time determine certain VoIP services are telecommunications services subject to traditional common carrier regulation. Reform of federal and state Universal Service Fund programs could increase the cost of our service to our customers, diminishing or eliminating our pricing advantage. We process, store, and use personal information and other data, which subjects us and our customers to a variety of evolving industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal rules related to privacy, which may increase our costs, decrease adoption and use of our products and services, and expose us to liability. Use or delivery of our services may become subject to new or increased regulatory requirements, taxes or fees. We may be unable to use some or all of our net operating loss carryforwards, which could materially and adversely affect our reported financial condition and results of operations. Risks Related to Being a Public Company • If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner. Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock • Our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile and could fluctuate or decline, resulting in a substantial loss of your investment. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 12       Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could disrupt and cause harm to our business, operating results, or financial condition. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a material impact on the United States and global economies and could materially impact our business in a number of ways. The U.S. federal government, as well as state and local governments, implemented numerous evolving mandates and public health measures to contain or mitigate the outbreak of the virus, including “stay at home” orders and advisories, business limitations or closures, restrictions on public gatherings, travel restrictions and quarantines. For example, in California, where our corporate headquarters, local sales office and warehouse are located, we are requiring the majority of our employees to work from home until further notice, which could adversely impact the efficiency and effectiveness of our organization. Our employees' business travel has been suspended except where necessary and properly authorized. Our customers and business partners also may be subject to various shelter-in-place and other social distancing orders, which have changed the way we interact with our clients and business partners. We cannot anticipate the extent to which the pandemic and government mandates will continue to affect our operations. In the first half of fiscal 2021, the rate of customer terminations or service cancellations or failures to renew, which we refer to as churn, increased, which we believe was primarily attributable to the effects of the pandemic, such as increased price competition and a reduction in customer or partner spending. Although we have seen some stabilization during the second half of the fiscal year, our churn rate could again increase in future periods as a result of the continuing effects of the pandemic. The effects of the pandemic have also caused delays in providing professional installation services to one large customer. Moreover, current or potential customers may delay or decrease spending with us, or may not pay us or may delay paying us for previously performed services, given the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on their business. Given that a significant portion of our revenues today comes from small and medium-sized businesses, these customers may be especially susceptible to negative economic impact stemming from the pandemic and government mandates, which could reduce their demand for our products and services. Current or potential customers and partners may also not be interested in taking sales meetings or cancel existing sales meetings with our sales representatives, which could materially lengthen our sales cycle and slow our sales growth. Traditional “brick-and-mortar” retailers have reduced, and could continue to reduce, purchases of our products as retailers shift focus to online channels, and reduced foot traffic in their stores may continue to negatively affect sales. In addition, the pandemic could continue to impact our global supply chain network and cause extended shutdowns of businesses. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on our business depends on future developments that cannot be accurately forecasted at this time, such as the transmission rate and geographic spread of the disease, the extent and effectiveness of containment actions, including vaccination efforts, and the impact of these and other factors on our employees, customers, partners, and vendors. If we are not able to respond to and manage the impact of such events effectively and if the macroeconomic conditions of the general economy or the industry in which we operate do not improve, or worsen from present levels, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be adversely affected. Please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Position and Results of Operations” for additional information regarding the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated economic disruptions. If we are unable to attract new users of our services on a cost-effective basis, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our business will be materially and adversely affected. In order to grow our business, we must continue to attract new users on a cost-effective basis. We use and periodically adjust the mix of advertising and marketing programs to promote our services. Significant increases in the pricing of one or more of our advertising channels could increase our advertising costs or may cause us to choose less expensive and perhaps less effective channels to promote our services. As we add to or change the mix of our advertising and marketing strategies, we may need to expand into channels with significantly higher costs than our current programs, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. We will incur advertising and marketing expenses in advance of when we anticipate recognizing any revenue generated by such expenses, and we may fail to experience an increase in revenue or brand awareness as a result of such expenditures. We have made in the past, and may make in the future, significant expenditures and investments in new advertising campaigns, and we cannot assure you that any such investments will lead to the cost-effective acquisition of additional customers. New users are drawn to our products and services by rankings circulated by organizations such as Amazon, Apple and Google app stores and highly regarded publications such as PCMag. If we are unable to maintain effective advertising programs and garner favorable rankings, our ability to attract new customers could be materially and adversely affected, which could lead us to increase our advertising and marketing expenditures substantially, and our results of operations may suffer. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 13 We market our products and services principally to businesses and households. Some of these business customers and consumers tend to be less technically knowledgeable and may be resistant to new technologies such as our cloud-based communications solutions and our connected services. Because our potential customers need to connect additional hardware at their location and take other technical steps not required for the use of traditional communications services such as telephone, fax and e-mail, these customers may be reluctant to use our service. These customers may also lack sufficient resources, financial or otherwise, to invest in learning about our services, and therefore may be unwilling to adopt them. Moreover, factors such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could cause these customers to delay or cancel buying decisions. If these customers choose not to adopt our services, our ability to grow our business could be negatively affected. Our customers may terminate their subscriptions for our service in most cases without penalty, and increased customer turnover, or costs we incur to retain our customers and encourage them to add users and, in the future, to purchase additional functionalities and premium services, could materially and adversely affect our financial performance. Our service plans are generally sold as monthly subscriptions and our customers may terminate their monthly subscription for convenience without any penalty. Certain of our service plans are also sold as annual and multi-year subscriptions, typically ranging up to 3 years. However, our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions for such services and may elect to terminate their subscription for any number of reasons. As a result, we have no assurance that the revenue stream associated with a particular customer account will continue beyond the initial subscription term. Additionally, our Ooma Business customers may choose to reduce the number of lines or remove some of the solutions to which they subscribe. Given Ooma Business customers generally pay more for their subscriptions than residential or mobile customers, any increased churn in business customers could materially and adversely affect our financial performance and user churn, resulting in a significant impact on our results of operations, and increase the costs we incur in our efforts to retain our customers and encourage them to upgrade their services and increase their number of users. Our core user churn rate could increase significantly in the future if customers are not satisfied with our service, the value proposition of our services, our ability to otherwise meet their needs and expectations, and/or other factors beyond our control. The economic downturn that has resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic could cause further financial hardship for some of our customers, decrease technology spending and negatively impact our customers’ willingness to enter into or renew subscriptions with us, and/or cause our customers to seek a decrease in the number of users or solutions for which they subscribe. As a result, we may have to acquire new customers or new users within our existing customer base on an ongoing basis simply to maintain our existing level of revenue. If a significant number of customers terminate, reduce or fail to renew their subscriptions, we may need to incur significantly higher marketing expenditures than anticipated to maintain or increase our revenue, which could harm our business and results of operations. Our business is susceptible to a broad array of market forces, and our efforts to mitigate risk of customer churn due to any factor may divert management’s time and focus away from efforts to address customer churn due to other factors. This broad-based susceptibility to churn could materially and adversely affect our financial performance. Our future success also depends in part on our ability to sell additional subscriptions and functionalities to our current customer base, which may require increasingly sophisticated, costlier sales efforts and a longer sales cycle. Any increase in the costs necessary to upgrade, expand and retain existing customers could materially and adversely affect our financial performance. Such increased costs could cause us to increase our subscription rates, which could increase our customer turnover rate. If our efforts to convince customers to add users and, in the future, to purchase additional functionalities are not successful, our business may suffer. We face competition in our markets by our competitors and may lack sufficient financial or other resources to compete successfully. Mergers or other strategic transactions involving our competitors could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively and harm our results of operations. The cloud-based communications and connected services industries are highly competitive and we expect that competition will continue to be intense in the future. We face continued competition from established communications providers, such as AT&T Inc., Comcast Corporation, Verizon Communications Inc. and Rogers Communications Inc; as well as traditional on-premise, hardware business communications providers, mobile communications app companies providing “over-the-top” solutions, large internet companies that offer services with features that compete with some of what we offer, and certain other communications companies. These companies currently or may in the future host their solutions through the cloud. In addition, some of our competitors have been acquired, and may in the future consolidate with or be acquired by, other companies and competitors. Some of our competitors may enter into new alliances with each other or may establish or strengthen cooperative relationships with systems integrators, third-party consulting firms or other parties. Any such consolidation, acquisition, alliance or cooperative relationship could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively and Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 14 lead to pricing pressure and our loss of market share, and could result in a competitor with greater financial, technical, marketing, service and other resources, all of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, increased competition may result in aggressive business tactics by our competitors, including: offering products similar to our platforms and solutions on a bundled basis at no charge; announcing competing products combined with extensive marketing efforts; providing financial incentives to consumers; and asserting intellectual property rights irrespective of the validity of the claims. Our retail partners may offer the products and services of competing companies, which would adversely affect our business. Competition from other companies may also adversely affect our negotiations with service providers and suppliers, including, in some cases, requiring us to lower our prices. We may not be able to compete successfully with the offerings and sales tactics of other companies, which could result in the loss of customers and, as a result, our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected. We rely significantly on retailers and reseller partnerships to sell our products; our failure to effectively develop, manage and maintain these sales channels could materially and adversely affect our revenue and business. We currently sell Ooma Residential and Ooma Business through a combination of direct sales and leading retailers such as Amazon, Costco.com, Best Buy and Walmart, as well as reseller partnerships. A significant portion of our product sales are made through our retail and reseller partnership channels. Our future success depends on our ability to effectively maintain, develop and expand our retail channel and reseller partnership sales as we seek to grow and expand our customer base. We generally do not have long-term contracts with our retailers and reseller partners, and we have in the past and may in the future experience a loss of or reduction in sales through any of these third parties, which could materially reduce our revenue and profit margins. Our competitors may in some cases be effective in causing our current and potential retailers, and reseller partners to favor their services or prevent or reduce sales of our services. If we fail to maintain or develop new relationships with retailers and reseller partners in new markets or expand the number of retailers and reseller partners in existing markets, fail to manage, train, or provide appropriate incentives to our existing retailers and reseller partners, or if they are not successful in their sales efforts, sales of our products and services may decrease and our results of operations would suffer. Furthermore, to the extent these retailers or reseller partners are negatively impacted by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including declaring bankruptcy, or otherwise affected by strategic transactions, our sales may also be adversely impacted as a result. In addition, our Talkatone application relies significantly on the Apple and Google app stores for distribution. Its future success depends on our continued ability to distribute Talkatone through these app stores and increase its visibility therein. If Apple or Google determine that Talkatone is non-compliant with their app store vendor policies, they may revoke our rights to sell Talkatone through their app store at any time, which could adversely affect our revenue. We depend on a sole supplier to provide the components for, and a small number of vendors to manufacture, certain on-premise appliances, end-point devices and security systems we sell, and any delay or interruption in manufacturing, configuring and delivering by these third parties would result in delayed or reduced shipments to our customers and may harm our business. We primarily contract with manufacturers in China and other Asian countries to produce our on-premise appliances and end-point devices and our results of operations could be affected by slowdowns in manufacturing due to external factors such as the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, the Chinese government has from time to time imposed certain restrictions on movement of people and goods to limit the spread of COVID-19. Further, many other countries have imposed or are imposing certain restrictions on the movement of people and goods and may continue to lift and reimpose such restrictions as needed. We currently do not have long-term contracts with our contract manufacturers and they are not obligated to provide products to or perform services for us for any specific period, in any specific quantities or at any specific price, except as may be provided in a particular purchase order. If these third parties are unable to deliver products of acceptable quality or in a timely manner, our ability to bring services to market, the reliability of our services and our reputation could suffer. We expect that it could take several months to effectively transition to new third-party manufacturers or fulfillment agents. We may also decide to switch to or bring on additional contract manufacturers in order to better meet our needs. Switching to or bringing on a new contract manufacturer and commencing production is expensive and time-consuming and may cause delays in order fulfillment at our existing contract manufacturers or cause other disruptions. Additionally, several components used in our on-premise appliances and end-point devices are “single sourced” and any interruption in the supplier of such components could cause our business to suffer as we identify alternative sources of components. For example, public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or the occurrence of other events outside our control, such as natural disasters, could impact our suppliers’ facilities and component providers, many of which are located in China and other countries in Asia. Worldwide travel restrictions have been imposed by many countries, including air travel and transport, that have caused and are likely to continue to cause delays in shipment of our products as well as increased logistics costs. If our supply chain is disrupted, this could also materially and adversely impact the availability or cost of components used in our on-premise appliances and end-point devices, and to the extent these challenges continue Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 15 for a prolonged period, we may not be able to provide our customers and channel partners with a sufficient supply of products and devices at price points or with functional characteristics and reliability that meet our customers’ needs. Future repetition of such delays could negatively affect our ability to deliver product to our customers in a timely manner and may harm our business and hinder our growth. To deliver our services, we rely on third parties for our network connectivity and co‑‑location facilities for certain features in our services and for certain elements of providing our services. We expect that we will continue to rely on third-party service providers for hosting, internet access and other services that are vital to our service offering for the foreseeable future. Equinix, Inc. and others provide data center facilities; Comcast, NTT Inc. and others provide backbone internet access; and Inteliquent and others provide origination services. Inteliquent is also our primary provider of 911 services. We also rely on third-party services for our SMS and speech-to-text services which are sole-sourced. If any of these network service providers stop providing us with access to their infrastructure, fail to provide these services to us on a cost-effective basis, cease operations, or otherwise terminate these services, the delay caused by qualifying and switching to another third-party network service provider, if one is available, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We may be required to transfer our servers to new data center facilities if we are unable to renew our leases on acceptable terms, if at all, or the owners of the facilities decide to close their facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with doing so. Any financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy or foreclosure, faced by our third-party data center operators or any of the service providers with which we or they contract, may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict. Additionally, if our data centers are unable to keep up with our increasing needs for capacity, our ability to grow our business could be materially and adversely impacted. If problems occur with any of these third-party network or service providers, it may cause errors or reduced quality in our services, and we could encounter difficulty identifying the source of the problem. These third-party network or service providers could be adversely impacted or overloaded by the large increase in traffic caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which could increase our exposure to damage from service interruptions. The occurrence of errors or reduced quality in our service, whether caused by our systems or a third-party network or service provider, may result in the loss of our existing customers, delay or loss of market acceptance of our services, termination of our relationships and agreements with our resellers or liability for failure to meet service level agreements, and may seriously harm our business and results of operations. We rely on purchased or leased hardware and software licensed from third parties in order to offer our service. In some cases, we integrate third-party licensed software components into our platforms. This hardware and software may not continue to be available at reasonable prices or on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any of this hardware or software could significantly increase our expenses and otherwise result in delays in the provisioning of our service until equivalent technology is either developed by us, or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated. Any errors or defects in third-party hardware or software could result in errors or a failure of our service which could harm our business. We also contract with one or more third parties to provide enhanced 911, or E-911, services, including assistance in routing emergency calls and terminating E-911 calls. Our providers operate a national call center that is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to receive certain emergency calls and maintain public service answering point, or PSAP, databases for the purpose of deploying and operating E-911 services. On mobile devices, we generally rely on the underlying cellular or wireless carrier to provide E-911 services. Any failure to perform, including interruptions in service, by our vendors, could cause failures in our customers’ access to E-911 services and expose us to significant liability and damage our reputation. Interruptions in our services could harm our reputation, result in significant costs to us and impair our ability to sell our services. Because our technology platforms are complex, incorporate a variety of new computer hardware, and the platforms continue to evolve, our services may have errors or defects that are identified after customers begin using such services, which could result in unanticipated service interruptions. Although we test our services to detect and correct errors and defects before their initial release and before we make updates or other changes to such services, we have occasionally experienced significant service interruptions as a result of undetected errors or defects and may experience future interruptions of service if we fail to detect and correct errors and defects. Furthermore, the costs incurred in correcting root causes for service outages may be substantial and these and other related consequences could negatively impact our results of operations. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 16 We currently serve the majority of our customers from data centers located in Northern California, Texas and Virginia, where we lease space from Equinix, Inc. These facilities and the procedures we have implemented to restore services quickly in the event of a service outage, by themselves, will not prevent future outages. Any damage to, or failure of, these facilities, the communications network providers with whom we or they contract or with the systems by which our communications providers allocate capacity among their customers, including us, could result in interruptions in our service. Additionally, in connection with the expansion or consolidation of our existing data center facilities, we may move or transfer our data and our customers’ data to other data centers. Despite precautions we take during this process, any unsuccessful data transfers may impair or cause disruptions in the delivery of our service. Despite precautions taken at our hosting facilities, the occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism or other unanticipated problems at these facilities could result in lengthy interruptions in our service. In addition, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of our technical specialists tasked with managing disruptions are operating under work-from-home arrangements, which could increase the time necessary to remedy service outages. Even with the disaster recovery arrangements that we have in place, our service could be interrupted. Any defects in, or unavailability of, the components of our platforms that cause interruptions of our services could, among other things: cause a reduction in revenue or a delay in market acceptance of our services; require us to issue refunds to our customers or expose us to claims for damages; cause us to lose existing customers and make it more difficult to attract new customers; divert our development resources or require us to make extensive changes to our software, which would increase our expenses and slow innovation; increase our technical support costs; and harm our reputation and brand. We rely on third parties for some of our software development, quality assurance and operations, and anticipate we will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. We outsource certain of our software development and design, quality assurance and operations activities to third-party contractors that have employees and consultants in a number of international locations. Our dependence on third-party contractors creates numerous risks, in particular, the risk that we may not maintain control or effective management with respect to these business operations. Our agreements with these third-party contractors are either not terminable by them (other than at the end of the term or upon an uncured breach by us) or require at least 30 days’ prior written notice of termination. If we experience problems with our third-party contractors, the costs charged by our third-party contractors increase, or our agreements with our third-party contractors are terminated, we may not be able to develop new solutions, enhance or operate existing solutions or provide customer support in an alternate manner that is equally or more efficient and cost-effective. If we are unsuccessful in maintaining existing and, if needed, establishing new relationships with third parties, our ability to efficiently operate existing services or develop new services and provide adequate customer support could be impaired, and as a result, our competitive position or our results of operations could suffer. We rely on third parties to provide the majority of our customer service and support representatives. If these third parties do not provide our customers with reliable, high‑‑quality service, our reputation and our business will be harmed, and we may be exposed to significant liability. We offer customer support through both our online account management website and our toll-free customer support number. Our customer support is currently provided via a third-party provider located in the Philippines, as well as our employees in the U.S. The ability to support our customers has been disrupted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and may be in the future disrupted by other natural disasters, inclement weather conditions, civil unrest, strikes, acts of terrorism, breaches of data security, and other adverse events in the Philippines. Furthermore, as we expand our operations internationally, we will need to make significant expenditures and investments in our customer service and support to adequately address the complex needs of international customers, such as support in multiple foreign languages. We currently offer support almost exclusively in English. In addition, a significant service outage may cause a high volume of customer support inquiries, and our third‑party customer service center may not be able to respond to such inquiries in a timely manner. Industry consolidation among providers of services to us may impact our ability to obtain these services or increase our costs for these services. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 17 We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and the increased complexity of our business, which could negatively impact our brand, financial performance and increase the risk of investing in our stock. We have experienced substantial growth in our business, including an increase in the number of customers we consider to be our core users. This growth has placed and may continue to place significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. As our operations grow in size, scope and complexity, we will need to increase our sales and marketing efforts, add additional sales and marketing personnel worldwide and improve and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to attract, service, and retain an increasing number of users. For example, we expect the volume of simultaneous calls to increase significantly as our user base grows. Our network hardware and software may not be able to accommodate this additional simultaneous call volume. The expansion of our systems and infrastructure will require us to commit substantial financial, operational and technical resources in advance of an increase in the volume of business, with no assurance that the volume of business will increase. Any such additional capital investments will increase our cost base. Continued growth could also strain our ability to maintain reliable service levels for our users, develop and improve our operational, financial and management controls, enhance our reporting systems and procedures and recruit, train, and retain highly skilled personnel. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as we grow, and if the current and future members of our management team do not effectively scale with this growth, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. Our rates of growth may decline in the future. Our user growth and revenue growth rates may decline over time as the size of our active user base increases, and it is possible that the size of our active user base may fluctuate or decline in one or more markets, particularly as we achieve greater market penetration. Our revenue growth rate may generally decline over time as our revenue increases to higher levels. As our growth rates decline, investors' perceptions of our business may be adversely affected and the trading price of our common stock could decline. Our business could suffer if we cannot obtain or retain direct inward dialing numbers, or DIDs, are prohibited from obtaining local or toll-free numbers, or are limited to distributing local or toll-free numbers to only certain customers. Our future success depends on our ability to procure large quantities of local and toll-free DIDs in the U.S. and foreign countries in desirable locations at a reasonable cost and without restrictions. Our ability to procure and distribute DIDs depends on factors outside of our control, such as applicable regulations, the practices of the communications carriers that provide DIDs, the cost of these DIDs, and the level of demand for new DIDs. Due to their limited availability, there are certain popular area code prefixes we generally cannot obtain. Our inability to acquire DIDs for our operations would make our services less attractive to potential customers in the affected local geographic areas. In addition, future growth in our customer base and the customer bases of our competitors will increase our dependence on needing sufficiently large quantities of DIDs. If we are unable to effectively process local number and toll-free number portability provisioning in a timely manner, our growth may be negatively affected. We support local number and toll-free number portability, which allows our customers to transfer to us and thereby retain their existing phone numbers when subscribing to our services. During the number transfer process, our new customers must maintain both our service and their existing phone service. We depend on third-party carriers to transfer phone numbers, a process we do not control, and these third-party carriers may refuse or substantially delay the transfer of these numbers to us. Local number portability is considered an important feature by many potential customers, and if we fail to reduce any related delays, we may experience increased difficulty in acquiring new customers. Moreover, the FCC requires us to comply with specified number porting timeframes when customers leave our service for the services of another provider. In Canada, the CRTC has imposed a similar number portability requirement on service providers like us. If we, or our third-party carriers, are unable to process number portability requests within the requisite timeframes, we could be subject to fines and penalties. Additionally, in the U.S., both customers and carriers may seek relief from the relevant state public utility commission, the FCC, or in state or federal court for violation of local number portability requirements. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 18 We may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future. We have incurred substantial net losses since our inception, including net losses of approximately $2.4 million in fiscal 2021. We have expended significant resources to develop, market, promote, and sell our products and solutions and we expect to continue investing for future growth. Although we generated cash from operations of $4.4 million for fiscal 2021, we cannot assure you that our operating cash flow would remain positive in the future as a result of our increased expenditures and the adverse impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Achieving profitability will require us to increase revenue, manage our cost structure and avoid significant liabilities. Revenue growth may slow, revenue may decline or we may incur significant losses in the future for a number of possible reasons, including general macroeconomic conditions, increasing competition (including competitive pricing pressures), a decrease in the growth of the markets in which we compete, or failure for any reason to continue capitalizing on growth opportunities. Additionally, we may encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, service delivery and quality problems and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods. If these losses exceed our expectations or our revenue growth expectations are not met in future periods, our financial performance will be harmed and our stock price could be volatile or decline. If we fail to continue developing our brand or our reputation is harmed, our business may suffer. We believe that continuing to strengthen our current brand will be critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our services and will require continued focus on active marketing efforts. The demand for and cost of online and traditional advertising have been increasing and may continue to increase. Accordingly, we may need to increase our investment in, and devote greater resources to, advertising, marketing, and other efforts to create and maintain brand loyalty among users. Brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses incurred in building our brands. If we fail to promote and maintain our brand, or if we incur substantial expense in an unsuccessful attempt to promote and maintain our brands, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Our services, as well as those of our competitors, are regularly reviewed and commented upon by online and social media sources, as well as computer and other business publications. Negative reviews, or reviews in which our competitors’ products and services are rated more highly than our solutions, could negatively affect our brand and reputation. From time to time, our customers have expressed dissatisfaction with our services, including dissatisfaction with our customer support, our billing policies and the way our services operate. If we do not handle customer complaints effectively, our brand and reputation may suffer, we may lose our customers’ confidence, and they may choose to terminate, reduce or not to renew their subscriptions. In addition, many of our customers participate in social media and online blogs about internet-based services, including our services, and our success depends in part on our ability to minimize negative and generate positive customer feedback through such online channels where existing and potential customers seek and share information. If actions we take or changes we make to our services upset these customers, their blogging could negatively affect our brand and reputation. Complaints or negative publicity about our services or customer service could materially and adversely impact our ability to attract and retain customers and our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our quarterly and annual results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to do so in the future. As a result, we may fail to meet or to exceed the expectations of research analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to fluctuate. Our quarterly and annual results of operations and cash flows, have varied historically from period to period, and we expect that they will continue to fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including: • • • • • • • • • • • our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers, sell premium solutions to our existing customers and introduce new solutions; the actions of our competitors, including pricing changes or the introduction of new solutions; our ability to effectively manage our growth and successfully penetrate the communications and connected services markets for businesses, residential and mobile; the number of monthly, annual and multi-year subscriptions at any given time; the timing, cost and effectiveness of our advertising and marketing efforts; the timing, operating cost and capital expenditures related to the operation, maintenance, and expansion of our business; the timing of our decisions with regard to product resource allocation; seasonality of consumers’ purchasing patterns and seasonality of advertising patterns; service outages or security breaches and any related impact on our reputation; our ability to accurately forecast revenue and appropriately plan our expenses; quarantines, travel limitations, or business disruptions in regions affecting our operations, including our field sales and installation services teams, or the operations of third parties upon which we rely, stemming from the actual, imminent or perceived outbreaks of epidemics or pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic; Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 19                       • • • • • costs associated with defending and resolving intellectual property infringement and other claims; changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting rules; the timing and cost of developing or acquiring technologies, services or businesses and our ability to successfully manage any such acquisitions; how well we execute on our strategy and operating plans and the impact of changes in our business model that could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition; and the impact of worldwide economic, industry, and market conditions. Any one of the factors above, or the cumulative effect of some or all of the factors referred to above, may result in significant fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results of operations and cash flows. This variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet our internal operating plan or the expectations of securities analysts or investors for any period, which could cause our stock price to decline. In addition, a significant percentage of our operating expenses is fixed in nature and is based on forecasted revenue trends. Accordingly, in the event of revenue shortfalls, we may not be able to mitigate the negative impact on net income (loss) and margins in the short term. If we fail to meet or exceed the expectations of research analysts or investors, the market price of our shares could fall substantially and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class-action suits. If additional tariffs or other restrictions are placed on our goods imported from other countries, or if the United States were to withdraw from or modify existing trade agreements or regulations, our revenue, gross margin, and results of operations may be materially harmed. During 2019, the U.S. Administration announced new and increased tariffs on certain Chinese imported goods, and China has imposed tariffs in response to the actions of the U.S. Such actions subject a wide range of our products to tariffs and increased existing tariffs on certain of our products, which have negatively impacted, and could continue to negatively impact our gross margins. If additional tariffs or other restrictions are placed on goods imported into the United States from China or other countries, or any related counter-measures are taken by China or other countries, our revenue and results of operations may be materially harmed. Although the U.S. Administration announced on January 15, 2020 the reduction of certain tariffs on Chinese imported goods and delayed certain other related tariffs, we cannot assure you that the new U.S. Administration will not continue to increase tariffs on imports from China or alter trade agreements and terms between China and the United States, which may include limiting trade with China. Trade restrictions, including tariffs, quotas, embargoes, safeguards and customs restrictions, could increase the cost or reduce the supply of products available to us, or could increase the lead times of certain raw material and equipment that we may purchase from foreign vendors located in China and other countries, or may require us to modify our supply chain organization or other current business practices, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, the U.S. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, imposed a ban on the use of certain surveillance, telecommunications, and other equipment manufactured in China, to help protect critical infrastructure and other sites deemed to be sensitive for national security purposes in the U.S. While this ban has not had a direct effect on our supply chain, any expansion to this ban or imposition of any similar bans by the U.S. federal government may require us to find new sources of system assembly, which may result in higher costs and disruption to our business. We are dependent on international trade agreements and regulations, such as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or USMC, which became effective on July 1, 2020 and superseded the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA. If the United States were to withdraw from or materially modify certain international trade agreements or regulations, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected and our customer relationships in Canada and other countries could be harmed. A significant portion of our revenues today come from small and medium-sized businesses, which may have fewer financial resources to weather an economic downturn. A significant portion of our revenues today comes from small and medium-sized businesses. These customers may be more susceptible to negative impact from economic downturns (including short- to intermediate-term economic disruption caused by catastrophic events such as the COVID-19 pandemic) than larger, more established businesses as these businesses typically have fewer financial resources than larger entities. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse effects on economies and financial markets globally, which have particularly impacted many small and medium sized businesses. The economic downturn resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased technology spending for certain customers and segments of the economy, and could adversely affect demand for our offerings and harm our business and results of operations. Although the U.S. government and others throughout the world have taken steps to provide monetary and fiscal assistance to individuals and businesses affected by the pandemic, it is unclear whether government actions will successfully avert or mitigate any economic downturn. As the majority of our customers pay for our subscriptions through credit and debit cards, weakness in certain segments of the credit markets and in the U.S. and global economies has resulted in and may in the future result in increased numbers of rejected credit and debit card payments and business failures, which could materially affect our business by increased customer default or cancellations. If small Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 20           and medium-sized businesses experience financial hardship or declare bankruptcy as a result of a weak economy or for any other reason, the overall demand for our subscriptions could be materially and adversely affected. If we are not able to manage our inventory levels effectively, we may experience excess inventory levels, inventory obsolescence, or shortages of inventory that could adversely affect our results of operations. Our vendor-supplied on-premise appliances and end-point devices have lead times of up to several months for delivery and are built based on our estimates of future demand. Our ability to accurately forecast demand is affected by many factors, including an increase or decrease in customer demand for our products and services, changes in consumer preferences, market acceptance of new product and service introductions by us and our competitors, levels of inventory held by channel partners, sales promotional activities by us or our competitors, and unanticipated changes in general market demand and macro-economic conditions. In addition, because we rely on third-party contract manufacturers and other vendors for the supply of our devices, our inventory levels are subject to the conditions regarding the timing of purchase orders and delivery dates not within our control. It is likely that from time to time we will have either an excess or shortage of product inventory. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-down charges, the sale of inventory at discounted prices, and other actions, which may cause our gross margin to decline and harm our reputation and brand. Conversely, insufficient levels of inventory may negatively affect relations with customers. For instance, our customers rely upon our ability to meet committed delivery dates, and any disruption in the supply of our services, including any disruptions caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, could result in loss of customers or harm to our ability to attract new customers. Retailers may elect to return any unsold inventory without any penalty, which could result in excess inventory charges. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We may expand through acquisitions of, or investments in, other companies, each of which may divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders, increase expenses, disrupt our operations and harm our results of operations. Our business strategy may, from time to time, include acquiring or investing in complementary services, technologies or businesses. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by users, customers or investors. If we fail to successfully integrate such acquisitions, or the technologies associated with such acquisitions, the revenue and operating results of the combined company could be adversely affected. Acquisitions may disrupt our ongoing operations, divert management from their primary responsibilities, subject us to additional liabilities, increase our expenses and adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology and accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could affect our financial condition or the value of our capital stock. The sale of equity to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our stockholders. If we incur debt it would result in increased fixed obligations and could also subject us to covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. In addition, our future operating results may be impacted by performance earnouts or contingent payments. Furthermore, acquisitions may require large one-time charges and can result in increased debt or contingent liabilities, adverse tax consequences, additional stock-based compensation expense and the recording and subsequent amortization or impairments of amounts related to certain purchased intangible assets, any of which could negatively impact our future results of operations. When we enter into strategic transactions in which we acquire other companies, we cannot guarantee we will be able to successfully integrate the teams, assets or business of these target companies into our business, that we will be able to fully recover the costs of such transactions, that we will retain existing key customer and partner relationships, that we will be successful in leveraging such strategic transactions into increased business for our products, or that we will otherwise be able to achieve the intended results of the acquisitions. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 21 We may not be able to secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet our future capital needs. We intend to continue making expenditures and investments to support the growth of our business. In the future, we may require additional capital to pursue our business objectives and to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances, including the need to develop new solutions or enhance our existing solutions, enhance our operating infrastructure, and acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may decide to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities to secure additional funds. However, additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms acceptable to us, or at all. For example, our recent credit facility contains affirmative and negative covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, including covenants which may limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness and liens, make certain investments, merge or consolidate with other entities and make certain dispositions. Any debt financing we secure in the future could involve further restrictive covenants, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, volatility in the credit markets may have an adverse effect on our ability to obtain debt financing. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and the trading price of our common stock would likely decline. Additionally, any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing under our credit facility or alternative sources on terms satisfactory to us, our ability to continue pursuing our business objectives and to respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances could be significantly limited, and our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock would likely decline. In the event additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. Shifts in trends or the emergence of new technologies may render our solutions obsolete or require us to expend significant resources to develop, license, or acquire new products, services or applications on a timely and cost-effective basis in order to remain competitive. The cloud-based communications and connected services industries are emerging markets characterized by rapid changes in customer requirements, frequent introductions of new and enhanced services, and continuing and rapid technological advancement. To compete successfully in these emerging markets, we must anticipate and adapt to unpredictable technological changes and evolving industry standards and continue to design, develop, manufacture and sell new and enhanced services and products that provide increasingly higher levels of performance and reliability at lower cost. For fiscal 2021, we derived approximately 54% and 44% of our revenue from Ooma Residential and Ooma Business, respectively, and expect they will continue to account for a majority of our revenue for the foreseeable future. However, our future success will also depend on our ability to introduce and sell new services, products, features and functionality that enhance or are beyond the voice, fax, text and connected services we currently offer, as well as to improve usability and support and increase customer satisfaction. Our failure to develop solutions that satisfy customer preferences in a timely and cost-effective manner may harm our ability to renew our subscriptions with existing customers and to create or increase demand for our services and products and may materially and adversely impact our results of operations. The introduction or announcement of new services and technologies by our competitors could make our existing solutions obsolete, cause customers to defer purchases of our products and services, or otherwise adversely affect our business and results of operations. Further, we may experience higher product returns from retailers or reseller partners and may face challenges managing the inventory of new or existing products, which could lead to excess inventory charges and/or discounting of such products. In addition, new products may have varying selling prices and costs compared to legacy products, which could negatively impact our gross margins and operating results. We may experience difficulties with software development, operations, design or marketing that could delay or prevent the introduction or implementation of new or enhanced products, services and applications. We have in the past experienced delays in the planned release dates of new features and upgrades and have discovered defects in new services and applications after their introduction. We cannot assure you that new products, or new features or upgrades to existing products and services, will be released according to schedule, or that, when released, they will not contain defects. Either of these situations could result in adverse publicity, loss of revenue, higher than expected costs, delay in market acceptance or claims by customers brought against us, all of which could harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, the development of new or enhanced products, services or applications may require substantial investment, and we must continue to invest a significant amount of resources in our research and development efforts to remain competitive. We do not know whether these investments will be successful. If we are unable to develop, license or acquire new or enhanced products, services and applications on a timely and cost‑effective basis, or if such new or enhanced products, services and applications do not achieve adequate market acceptance, we may not be able to realize a return on our investments and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 22 Our success depends, in part, on increased public acceptance of our connected services, applications and products. Our future growth depends on our ability to significantly increase revenue generated from our Ooma Business and Ooma Residential communications solutions and other connected services. The markets for cloud-based communications, smart security services and connected services are evolving rapidly and are characterized by an increasing number of market entrants. If these markets fail to develop, develop more slowly than we anticipate or develop in a manner different than we expect, our services could fail to achieve market acceptance, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business. Our future growth in the small and medium-sized business and enterprise markets depends on the continued use of voice communications by businesses, as compared to e-mail and other data-based methods. A decline in the overall rate of voice communications by businesses would harm our business. Furthermore, our continued growth depends on future demand for and adoption of internet voice communications systems and services and on future demand for connected communications services. Although the number of broadband subscribers worldwide has grown significantly in recent years, only a small percentage of businesses have adopted internet voice communications services to date. For demand and adoption of internet voice communications services by businesses to increase, internet voice communications networks must improve the quality of their service for real-time communications by managing the effects of and reducing packet loss, packet delay, and packet jitter, as well as unreliable bandwidth, so that high-quality service can be consistently provided. Additionally, the cost and feature benefits of internet voice communications must be sufficient to cause customers to switch from traditional phone service providers. We must devote substantial resources to educate potential customers about the benefits of internet voice communications solutions, in general, and of our services in particular. If any or all of these factors fail to occur, our business may be materially and adversely affected. Our Ooma Residential product and services are being sold to individuals and families. With the growth of mobile technologies, many consumers have chosen to eliminate their home telephone service. Our ability to continue growing our user base depends on our ability to convince our customers and potential customers that our service is sufficiently useful and cost-effective, that it makes sense to maintain or establish home telephone services with us. Our growth could slow and our financial condition could be adversely affected if the trend of eliminating home telephone service continues or accelerates. Additionally, our smart security products and services face significant competition in a market segment where the Ooma brand is relatively unknown, and where there are several established large providers with significantly greater resources than ours. If we fail to create sufficient recognition of the Ooma brand in the smart security market, fail to provide features or benefits in our smart security products and services seen as desirable by consumers, or fail to convince consumers of the relative benefits of our smart security products and services when compared to those of our competitors, our products and services could fail to achieve market acceptance and therefore not generate significant increases to our revenue. Our mobile platform, available to any consumer with a Wi-Fi or cellular data connected mobile device, operates in a market that is fragmented and where it is difficult to gain consumer awareness. Many of our competitors in this market have been able to establish a significant user base and reputation in the market, which may make it more difficult for our products to be adopted. Furthermore, as new mobile devices are released, we may encounter difficulties supporting these devices and services, and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support, and maintenance of our mobile applications. Additionally, our competitors may allocate additional resources to marketing and promotion of their products, making it even more difficult to be noticed. It is also unclear how the adoption of “over-the-top” based communications will continue to grow. If the number of consumers using “over-the-top” based communications stagnates or declines, such movement may result in an intensified competition for consumers in this space. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 23 We are expanding our international operations, which may expose us to significant risks. To date, we have not generated significant revenue from outside of the U.S. and Canada, but we have expanded operations outside North America as we ramp up to provide services in certain countries internationally. For example, our subsidiary Voxter Communications, Inc. (“Voxter”) operates in Canada, and its customers have operations in Canada and certain other countries outside of the U.S. The future success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to expand our operations and customer base worldwide. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks different from those in the U.S. Because of our limited experience with international operations and developing and managing sales and distribution channels in international markets, our international expansion efforts may not be successful. In addition, we will face risks in doing business internationally that could materially and adversely affect our business, including: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • our ability to comply with differing technical and environmental standards, data privacy and telecommunications regulations, and certification requirements outside the U.S.; potential contractual and other liability to our business partners if we fail to meet their aggressive expansion schedules in new locations; difficulties and costs associated with staffing and managing foreign operations; potentially greater difficulty collecting accounts receivable and longer payment cycles; the need to adapt and localize our services for specific countries; the need to offer customer care in various native languages; reliance on third parties over which we have limited control, including international resellers, for marketing and reselling our services; availability of reliable broadband connectivity and wide area networks in targeted areas for expansion; lower levels of adoption of credit or debit card usage for internet related purchases by foreign customers and compliance with various foreign regulations related to credit or debit card processing and data privacy requirements; difficulties in understanding and complying with local laws, regulations, and customs in foreign jurisdictions; export controls and trade and economic sanctions administered by the Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security and the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control; tariffs and other non-tariff barriers, such as quotas and local content rules; tariffs imposed by the U.S. on goods from other countries and tariffs imposed by other countries on U.S. goods, including the tariffs implemented and additional tariffs that have been proposed by the U.S. government on various imports from China, Canada, Mexico and the EU, and by the governments of these jurisdictions on certain U.S. goods, and any other possible tariffs that may be imposed on services such as ours, the scope and duration of which, if implemented, remain uncertain; compliance with various anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or the FCPA; limited protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; adverse tax consequences; fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could increase the price of our services outside of the U.S., increase the expenses of our international operations, including expenses related to foreign contractors, and expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk; exchange control regulations, which might restrict or prohibit our conversion of other currencies into U.S. Dollars; restrictions on the transfer of funds; public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could worsen a slowdown in the global economy and demand for our products and services and limit the ability of our field sales teams to conduct sales efforts; deterioration of political relations between the U.S. and other countries; and political or social unrest or economic instability in a specific country or region, which could have an adverse impact on our third-party software development and quality assurance operations there. Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our future international operations and our overall business. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 24                                               Risks Related to Security, IT Systems and Intellectual Property A security breach could delay or interrupt service to our customers, compromise the integrity of our systems or data that we collect, result in the loss of our intellectual property or confidential information, harm our reputation, or subject us to significant liability. Our operations depend on our ability to protect our network from interruption or damage resulting from unauthorized access or entry, computer viruses or malware or other events beyond our control, and our ability to detect any such events. In the past, we may have been subject to undetected distributed denial-of-service, or DDOS cyberattacks, or other forms of attacks by hackers intent on bringing down our services or accessing confidential information, and we may be subject to DDOS and other forms of attacks in the future, especially as a result of a reported increase in the incidents of cybersecurity attacks in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. We cannot assure you that our backup systems, regular data backups, physical, technological and organizational security protocols and measures and other procedures that are currently in place, or that may be in place in the future, will be adequate to detect or prevent unauthorized access to our systems, significant damage, system interruption, degradation or failure, or data loss or to respond to a cyberattack once launched. Additionally, hackers may attempt to directly gain access to a customer's on-premise appliance, or their mobile phone, which may delay or interrupt services, or may subject our customers to further security risks, including in relation to any connected household devices a customer might have now or in the future, such as our connected smart security sensors and our partner's connected devices, such as Nest's devices, or to our network more generally. Also, our services are web-based, and the amount of data we store for our users on our servers has been increasing as our business has grown. Despite our ongoing efforts to enhance the implementation of security measures, our infrastructure may be vulnerable to hackers, phishing, computer viruses, worms, other malicious software programs or similarly disruptive problems caused by our customers, employees, consultants or other internet users who attempt to invade public and private data networks. In some cases, we do not have in place disaster recovery facilities for certain ancillary services, such as email delivery of messages. Currently, nearly all our customers authorize us to bill their credit or debit card accounts directly for all transaction fees that we charge. We rely on encryption and authentication technology to ensure secure transmission of confidential information, including customer credit and debit card numbers. Despite our efforts to encrypt and secure transmission of confidential customer information, hackers with sufficiently sophisticated technology or methods may still be able to infiltrate our systems to gain unauthorized access to payment card information. Further, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in a compromise or breach of the technology we use to protect transaction data. In addition, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to the information systems change frequently, and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Additionally, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce domestic and international employees, consultants or customers into disclosing sensitive information, such as user names, passwords or customer proprietary network information, or CPNI, or other information in order to gain access to our customers' data or to our data. CPNI includes information such as the phone numbers called by a customer, the frequency, duration, and timing of such calls, and any services purchased by the customer, such as call waiting, call forwarding and caller ID, in addition to other information that may appear on a customer's bill. Third parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees, consultants or customers into disclosing sensitive information regarding our intellectual property and other confidential business information, or our information technology systems. In addition, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any compromise or perceived compromise of our security could damage our reputation with our end-customers, and could subject us to significant liability, as well as regulatory action, including financial penalties, which would materially adversely affect our brand, results of operations, financial condition, business and prospects. We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant costs to protect against security breaches. We may incur significant additional costs in the future to address problems caused by any actual or perceived security breaches. Any system failure or security breach that causes interruptions or data loss in our operations or in the computer systems of our customers or leads to the misappropriation of our or our customers' CPNI could result in significant liability to us. Such failure or breach could cause our service to be perceived as not being secure, subject us to regulatory requirements such as FCC notification, result in significant monetary costs, such as fines, legal fees and expenditures to improve and enhance our security measures, cause considerable harm to us and our reputation (including requiring notification to customers, regulators or the media) and deter current and potential customers from using our services. Additionally, we could incur significant costs, both monetary and with respect to management's time and attention, to investigate and remediate a data security breach. Because our onboarding and billing functions are conducted primarily through a single data center, any security breach in that data center may cause an interruption in our business operations. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 25   If any of these events occurs, or is believed to occur, our reputation and brand could be damaged, our business may suffer, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such actual or perceived breaches, we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation or regulatory action and possible liability, and our ability to operate our business, including our ability to provide maintenance and support services to our channel partners and end-customers, may be impaired. If current or prospective channel partners and end-customers believe that our systems and solutions do not provide adequate security for their businesses' needs, our business and our financial results could be harmed. Actual, potential or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees and engage third-party experts and consultants. Although we maintain privacy, data breach and network security liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all. Any actual or perceived compromise or breach of our security measures, or those of our third-party service providers, or any unauthorized access to, misuse or misappropriation of personally identifiable information, channel partners' or end-customers information, or other information, could violate applicable laws and regulations, contractual obligations or other legal obligations and cause significant legal and financial exposure, adverse publicity and a loss of confidence in our security measures, any of which could have an material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Failures in internet infrastructure or interference with broadband access could cause current or potential customers to believe that our systems are unreliable, leading our current customers to switch to our competitors or potential customers to avoid using our services. Many of our services depend on our customers’ broadband access to the internet, usually provided through a cable or digital subscriber line, or DSL, connection. In addition, users who access our services and applications through mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, must have a high-speed connection, such as Wi-Fi®, 3G, 4G, 5G or LTE, to use our services and applications. Currently, this access is provided by companies that have significant and increasing market power in the broadband and internet access marketplace, including incumbent phone companies, cable companies and wireless companies. Increasing numbers of users and increasing bandwidth requirements may degrade the performance of internet and mobile infrastructure, resulting in outages or deteriorations in connectivity and negatively impacting the quality with which we can deliver our solutions. As our customer base grows and their usage of communications capacity increases, we will be required to make additional investments in network capacity to maintain adequate data transmission speeds, the availability of which may be limited, or the cost of which may be on terms unacceptable to us. If adequate capacity is not available to us as our customers’ usage increases, our network may be unable to achieve or maintain sufficiently high data transmission capacity, reliability or performance. Furthermore, as the rate of adopting new technologies increases, the networks on which our services and applications rely may not be able to sufficiently adapt to the increased demand for these services, including ours. In the past, we have experienced disruptions to our service and were able to restore service without incurring material expenses. Outages to date have not materially affected our results of operations. However, the costs incurred in correcting root causes for service outages may be substantial and these and other related consequences could negatively impact our results of operations. Frequent or persistent interruptions could cause current or potential users to believe that our systems or services are unreliable, leading them to switch to our competitors or to avoid our services, and could permanently harm our reputation and brands. Because some of our services rely on integration between features that use both wired and wireless infrastructures, any of the aforementioned problems with either wired or wireless infrastructure may result in the inability of customers to take advantage of our integrated services and therefore may decrease the attractiveness of our collective services to current and potential customers. The success of our business relies on customers’ continued and unimpeded access to broadband service. Providers of broadband services may block or degrade our services or charge their customers more for using our services, which could adversely affect our revenue and growth. Some of the providers of broadband internet access and high-speed mobile access, such as AT&T and Verizon, market and sell products and services to our current and potential customers that directly compete with our own offerings, which can potentially give such providers a competitive advantage. Broadband providers also may take measures that affect their customers’ ability to use our service, such as degrading the quality of the data packets we transmit over their lines, giving those packets low priority, giving other packets higher priority than ours, blocking our packets entirely or attempting to charge their customers more for also using our services. In the past, actions like these taken by U.S. providers would violate the net neutrality rules adopted by the FCC and described below. However, the FCC has largely reversed the net neutrality rules, and most foreign countries have not adopted formal net neutrality or open internet rules, creating an increased risk broadband providers will engage in such anti-competitive measures against the Company in the United States and elsewhere. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 26 Also, a number of states have enacted or are considering legislation or executive actions that would regulate the conduct of broadband providers. For example, on September 30, 2018, California enacted the California Internet Consumer Protection and Net Neutrality Act of 2018, making California the fourth state to enact a state-level net neutrality law since the FCC repealed its nationwide regulations, mandating that all broadband services in California must be provided in accordance with state net neutrality requirements. The U.S. Department of Justice sued to block the law going into effect, and California had agreed to delay enforcement until the resolution of the FCC’s repeal of the federal rules. However, on February 8, 2021, the Department of Justice dropped the lawsuit, clearing the way for California to enforce the law. We cannot predict whether the FCC orders or state initiatives will be modified, overturned, or vacated by legal action of the court, federal or state legislation, or the FCC. The FCC’s orders could affect the market for broadband internet access service in a way that impacts our business, for example by increasing the cost of broadband internet service and thereby depressing demand for our services, by increasing the costs of services we purchase or by creating tiers of internet access service and by either charging us for or prohibiting us from being available through these tiers, and we cannot predict the impact of these events upon our business and results of operations. If we experience excessive fraudulent activity or cannot meet evolving credit card association merchant standards, we could incur substantial costs and lose the right to accept credit cards for payment, which could cause our customer base to decline significantly. Nearly all of our customers authorize us to bill their credit card accounts directly for service fees that we charge. If people pay for our services with stolen credit cards, we could incur substantial third-party vendor costs for which we may not be reimbursed. Further, our customers provide us with credit card billing information online or over the phone, and we do not review the physical credit cards used in these transactions, which increases our risk of exposure to fraudulent activity. We also incur charges, which we refer to as chargebacks, from the credit card companies’ claims that the customer did not authorize the credit card transaction to purchase our service, something we have experienced in the past. If the number of unauthorized credit card transactions becomes excessive, we could be assessed substantial fines for excess chargebacks and we could lose the right to accept credit cards for payment. We have also been affected by the credit card breaches at various retail stores, which have caused millions of consumers to cancel credit cards as a result of the breach. We have found that some consumers do not renew their services after a card cancellation, which can have a material negative impact on our revenue. In addition, credit card issuers may change merchant standards, including data protection and documentation standards, required to utilize their services from time to time. We are currently not in compliance with all of the applicable technical requirements of the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI, but we are working to become fully compliant as soon as is practicable. If we fail to become compliant or maintain compliance with current merchant standards, such as PCI, or fail to meet new standards, the credit card associations may fine us or, while unusual, may impose certain restrictions on our ability to accept credit cards or terminate our agreements with them, rendering us unable to accept credit cards as payment for our services. Our services have been in the past, and may also be in the future, subject to fraudulent or abusive usage in violation of applicable law or our acceptable use policies, including but not limited to revenue share fraud, domestic traffic pumping, subscription fraud, premium text message scams, and other fraudulent schemes, any of which could result in our incurring substantial costs for the completion of calls. Although our customers are required to set passwords and Personal Identification Numbers, or PINs, to protect their accounts and may configure in which destinations international calling is enabled from their extensions, third parties have accessed and used our customers’ accounts and extensions through fraudulent means in the past, and they may do so in the future, which also could result in substantial call completion and other costs for us. In addition, third parties may have attempted in the past, and may attempt in the future, to fraudulently induce domestic and international employees or consultants into disclosing customer credentials and other account information. Communications fraud can result in unauthorized access to customer accounts and customer data, unauthorized use of customers’ services, and charges to customers for fraudulent usage and expenses we must pay to carriers. We may be required to pay for these charges and expenses with no reimbursement from the customer, and our reputation may be harmed if our services are subject to fraudulent usage. Although we implement multiple fraud prevention and detection controls, we cannot assure you that these controls will be adequate to protect against fraud. Substantial losses due to fraud or our inability to accept credit card payments, which could cause our paid customer base to significantly decrease, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to grow our business. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 27 Accusations of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights could materially and adversely affect our business. There has been substantial litigation in the areas in which we operate regarding intellectual property rights. In the past, we have been sued by third parties claiming infringement of their intellectual property rights and we may be sued for infringement from time to time in the future. In the past, we have settled infringement litigation brought against us; however, we cannot assure you that we will be able to settle any future claims or, if we are able to settle any such claims, that the settlement will be on terms favorable to us. Our broad range of technology may increase the likelihood that third parties will claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights. We have in the past received, and may in the future receive, notices of claims of infringement, misappropriation or misuse of other parties’ proprietary rights. Notwithstanding their merits, accusations and lawsuits like these often require significant time and expense to defend, may negatively affect customer relationships, may divert management’s attention away from other aspects of our operations and, upon resolution, may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Certain technology necessary for us to provide our services may, in fact, be patented by other parties either now or in the future. If such technology were validly patented by another person, we would have to negotiate a license for the use of that technology. We may not be able to negotiate such a license at a price that is acceptable to us or at all. The existence of such a patent, or our inability to negotiate a license for any such technology on acceptable terms, could force us to cease using the technology and cease offering products and services incorporating the technology, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. If we were found to be infringing on the intellectual property rights of any third party, we could be subject to liability for such infringement, which could be material. We could also be prohibited from using or selling certain products or services, prohibited from using certain processes, or required to redesign certain products or services, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. These and other outcomes may: • • • • • • • • • • result in the loss of a substantial number of existing customers or prohibit the acquisition of new customers; cause us to pay license fees for intellectual property we are deemed to have infringed; cause us to incur costs and devote valuable technical resources to redesigning our services; cause our cost of revenue to increase; cause us to accelerate expenditures to preserve existing revenue; cause existing or new vendors to require prepayments or letters of credit; materially and adversely affect our brand in the marketplace and cause a substantial loss of goodwill; cause us to change our business methods or services; require us to cease certain business operations or offering certain products, services or features; and lead to our bankruptcy or liquidation. Our limited ability to protect our intellectual property rights could materially and adversely affect our business. We rely, in part, on patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret law to protect our intellectual property in the U.S. and abroad. We cannot assure you that the particular forms of intellectual property protection we seek, including business decisions about when to file patents and when to maintain trade secrets, will be adequate to protect our business. We seek to protect our technology, software, documentation and other information under trade secret and copyright law, which afford only limited protection. For example, we typically enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, third-party contractors, customers and vendors in an effort to control access to use and distribution of our technology, software, documentation and other information. These agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of such unauthorized use or disclosure, and it may be possible for a third party to legally reverse engineer, copy or otherwise obtain and use our technology without authorization. In addition, improper disclosure of trade secret information by our current or former employees, consultants, third-party contractors, customers or vendors to the public or others who could make use of the trade secret information would likely preclude that information from being protected as a trade secret. We cannot predict whether our pending patent applications will result in issued patents or whether any issued patents will effectively protect our intellectual property. Even if a pending patent application results in an issued patent, the patent may be circumvented or its validity may be challenged in various proceedings in U.S. District Court, before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or before their foreign equivalents, such as reexamination, which may require legal representation and involve substantial costs and diversion of management time and resources. In addition, we cannot assure you that every significant feature of our solutions is protected by our patents, or that we will mark our products with any or all patents they embody. As a result, we may be prevented from seeking damages in whole or in part for infringement of our patents. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 28                     The unlicensed use of our brand, including domain names, by third parties could harm our reputation, cause confusion among our customers and impair our ability to market our products and services. To that end, we have registered numerous trademarks and service marks, have applied for registration of additional trademarks and service marks and have acquired a number of domain names in and outside the U.S. to establish and protect our brand names as part of our intellectual property strategy. If our applications receive objections or are successfully opposed by third parties, it will be difficult for us to prevent third parties from using our brand without our permission. Moreover, successful opposition to our applications might encourage third parties to make additional oppositions or commence trademark infringement proceedings against us, which could be costly and time consuming to defend against. There have been in the past, and may be in the future, instances where third parties have used our trade names, or have adopted confusingly similar trade names to ours. If we are not successful in protecting our trademarks, our trademark rights may be diluted and subject to challenge or invalidation, which could materially and adversely affect our brand. Despite our efforts to implement our intellectual property strategy, we may not be able to protect or enforce our proprietary rights in the U.S. or internationally (where effective intellectual property protection may be unavailable or limited). For example, we have entered into agreements containing confidentiality and invention assignment provisions in connection with the outsourcing of certain software development, quality assurance and development activities to third-party contractors in a number of international locations. We have also entered into an agreement containing a confidentiality provision with a third-party contractor located in the Philippines, where we have outsourced a significant portion of our customer support function. Such agreements may not adequately protect our proprietary rights in the applicable jurisdictions and foreign countries, as their respective laws may not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. In addition, our competitors may independently develop technologies similar or superior to our technology, duplicate our technology in a manner that does not infringe our intellectual property rights or design around any of our patents. Furthermore, detecting and policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and resource-intensive. Moreover, litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation, whether successful or not, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management time and resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We license technology from third parties we do not control and cannot be assured of retaining such licenses. We rely upon certain technology, including hardware and software, licensed from third parties. These licenses are typically offered on standard commercial terms made generally available by the companies providing the licenses. There can be no assurance that the technology licensed by us will continue to provide competitive features and functionality or that the licenses for technology currently utilized by us or other technology which we may seek to license in the future, will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The loss of, or inability to maintain, existing licenses could result in shipment delays or reductions until equivalent technology or suitable alternative products are developed, identified, licensed and integrated, and could harm our business. Potential problems with our information systems could interfere with our business and operations. We rely on our information systems and those of third parties for processing customer orders, distribution of our services, billing our customers, processing credit card transactions, customer relationship management, supporting financial planning and analysis, accounting functions and financial statement preparation and otherwise running our business. Information systems may experience interruptions, including interruptions of related services from third-party providers, which may be beyond our control. Such business interruptions could cause us to fail to meet customer requirements. All information systems, both internal and external, are potentially vulnerable to damage or interruption from a variety of sources, including without limitation, computer viruses, security breaches, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war, telecommunication failures, and employee or other theft, as well as third-party provider failures. Our exposure to these vulnerabilities may increase due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Any disruption in our information systems and those of the third parties upon which we rely could have a significant impact on our business. We may implement enhanced information systems in the future to meet the demands resulting from our growth and to provide additional capabilities and functionality. The implementation of new systems and enhancements is frequently disruptive to the underlying business of an enterprise, and can be time-consuming and expensive, increase management responsibilities and divert management attention. Any disruptions relating to our systems enhancements or any problems with the implementation, particularly any disruptions impacting our operations or our ability to accurately report our financial performance on a timely basis during the implementation period, could materially and adversely affect our business. Even if we do not encounter these material and adverse effects, the implementation of these enhancements may be much costlier than we anticipated. If we are unable to successfully implement the information systems enhancements as planned, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be negatively impacted. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 29 Our use of open source technology could impose limitations on our ability to commercialize our services. We use open source software in our platforms on which our services operate. There is a risk that the owners of the copyrights in such software may claim that such licenses impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market or provide our services. If such owners prevail in such claim, we could be required to make the source code for our proprietary software (which contains our valuable trade secrets) generally available to third parties, including competitors, at no cost, to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our services, to re-engineer our technology, or to discontinue offering our services in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or at all, any of which could cause us to discontinue our services, harm our reputation, result in customer losses or claims, increase our costs or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. If a copyright holder of such open source software were to allege we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our solutions that contained the open source software and required to comply with the foregoing conditions, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our solutions. Regulatory and Tax Matters Our services are subject to regulation and future legislative or regulatory actions could adversely affect our business and expose us to liability. Federal Regulation. Our business is regulated by the FCC. As a communication services provider, we are subject to FCC regulations relating to privacy, disability access, law enforcement access, porting of numbers, revenue reporting, Federal USF contributions and other regulatory assessments, E‑911, and other matters. If we do not comply with FCC rules and regulations, we could be subject to FCC enforcement actions, substantial fines, loss of licenses, and possibly restrictions on our ability to operate or offer certain of our services. Any enforcement action by the FCC, which may include a public process, would hurt our reputation in the industry, possibly impair our ability to sell our services to customers and could have a materially adverse impact on our revenue. State Regulation. We are also subject to state consumer protection laws, as well as U.S. state, municipal and local sales, use, excise, utility user and ad valorem taxes, fees or surcharges. The imposition of such regulatory obligations or the imposition of additional taxes on our services could increase our cost of doing business and limit our growth. International Regulation. As we expand internationally, we may be subject to telecommunications, consumer protection, data privacy and other laws and regulations in the foreign countries where we offer our services. For example, we are subject to regulation in Canada by the CRTC, subject to Canadian federal privacy laws and provincial consumer protection legislation. Our international operations are potentially subject to country-specific governmental regulation and related actions that may increase our costs and prevent us from offering or providing our products and services in certain countries. Certain of our services may be used by customers located in countries where VoIP and other forms of IP communications may be illegal or require special licensing. In countries where local laws and regulations prohibit (or come to prohibit) the use of our products, users may continue to use our products and services, which could subject us to costly penalties or governmental action adverse to our business and damaging to our brand and reputation, our international expansion efforts, or our business and operating results. The adoption of additional 911 requirements by the FCC could increase our costs that could make our service more expensive, decrease our profit margins, or both. The FCC has adopted additional 911 requirements for interconnected VoIP providers, providers of enterprise telephone services, non-interconnected VoIP providers and texting providers. We may or may not be able to comply with these obligations. For example, beginning January 6, 2022, providers of non-fixed interconnected VoIP services must supply automated dispatchable location, if technically feasible, or either registered location information obtained by the customer or alternative location information. At present, we have no means to automatically identify the physical location of our customers. Our compliance with the FCC’s VoIP E-911 order and related costs puts us at a competitive disadvantage to VoIP service providers who are either not subject to the requirements or have chosen not to comply with the FCC’s mandates. We cannot guarantee emergency calling service consistent with the VoIP E‑911 order will be available to all of our customers, especially those accessing our services on a mobile device or from outside of the U.S. The FCC’s current E-911 requirements and changes to those requirements, including their impact on our customers due to service price increases or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 30 If we cannot comply with the FCC’s rules imposing call signaling requirements on VoIP providers like us, we may be subject to fines, cease and desist orders, or other penalties. The FCC’s rules regarding the system of compensation for various types of traffic require, among other things, interconnected VoIP providers like us, who originate interstate or intrastate traffic destined for the PSTN, to transmit the telephone number associated with the calling party to the next provider in the call path. Intermediate providers must pass unaltered calling party number or charge number signaling information they receive from other providers to subsequent providers in the call path. In addition, the Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act (TRACED Act), which was signed into law on December 31, 2019, required the FCC to implement regulations for interconnected VoIP providers to implement the “STIR/SHAKEN” framework to authenticate caller-ID information by June 30, 2021 to combat illegal robocalling. To the extent that we pass traffic that does not have appropriate calling party number or charge number information, we could be subject to fines, cease and desist orders, or other penalties. Similarly, to the extent that we cannot authenticate our customers, their traffic may be more likely to be blocked or adversely labeled. Additionally, as a VoIP provider we rely on the FCC to design rules that do not disadvantage our service relative to those of incumbent local exchange carriers and competitive local exchange carriers. Should the FCC decide to do so, it could result in an inferior user experience for Ooma’s service, which may negatively impact our business. We may not be able to comply with FCC rules governing completion of calls to rural areas and related reporting requirements. The FCC’s rules governing the completion of calls to rural areas and related reporting requirements require us, among other things, to monitor the performance of our intermediate providers – telecom companies we use to help complete telephone calls to rural areas and take steps to prevent rural call completion problems that may be caused by our intermediate providers, such as persistent low answer or completion rates, unexplained anomalies in performance, or repeated complaints to the FCC. Under certain circumstances, if our routing choices, meaning the intermediate providers we chose to help us complete calls to rural areas, result in lower quality service, we may be held liable for the actions taken by our intermediate providers. If we cannot comply with these rules, we could be subject to investigation and enforcement action and could be exposed to substantial liability. The FCC also has increased enforcement activity related to completion of calls to rural customers, and we could be subject to substantial fines and to conduct requirements that could increase our costs if we are the subject of an enforcement proceeding and cannot demonstrate calls from our customers to rural customers are completed at a satisfactory rate. Failure to comply with communications and telemarketing laws could result in significant fines or place significant restrictions on our business. We rely on a variety of marketing techniques in connection with our sales efforts, including telemarketing and email marketing campaigns. We also record certain telephone calls between our customers or potential customers and our sales and service representatives for training and quality assurance purposes. These activities are subject to a variety of state and federal laws such as the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (also known as the Federal Do-Not-Call law, or the TCPA), the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (also known as the CAN- SPAM Act) and various U.S. state laws regarding telemarketing and telephone call recording. These laws are subject to varying interpretations by courts and governmental authorities and often require subjective interpretation, making it difficult to predict their application and therefore making our compliance efforts more challenging. We cannot be certain our efforts to comply with these laws, rules and regulations will be successful, or, if they are successful, that the cost of such compliance will not be material to our business. Changes to these or similar laws, or to their application or interpretation, or new laws, rules and regulations governing our communication and marketing activities could adversely affect our business. In the event that any of these laws, rules or regulations significantly restricts our business, we may not be able to develop adequate alternative communication and marketing strategies. Further, non-compliance with these laws, rules and regulations carries significant financial penalties and the risk of class action litigation, which would adversely affect our financial performance and significantly harm our reputation and our business. The FCC has continued to increase regulation of interconnected VoIP services and may at any time determine certain VoIP services are telecommunications services subject to traditional common carrier regulation. The FCC is considering, in various proceedings, issues arising from the transition from traditional copper networks to IP networks. The FCC is also considering whether interconnected VoIP services should be treated as telecommunications services, which could subject interconnected VoIP services to additional common carrier regulation. The FCC’s efforts may result in additional regulation of IP network and service providers, which may negatively affect our business. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 31 Reform of federal and state Universal Service Fund programs could increase the cost of our service to our customers, diminishing or eliminating our pricing advantage. The FCC and a number of states are considering reform or other modifications to Universal Service Fund programs, including the manner in which companies, like us, contribute to the federal USF program, and whether certain non-interconnected VoIP providers and broadband providers, among others, should contribute to the USF. If the FCC or certain states adopt new contribution mechanisms or otherwise modify contribution obligations that continue to increase our contribution burden, we will either need to absorb the increased costs or raise the amount we currently collect from some of our customers to cover these obligations, which would either reduce our profit margins or diminish our price advantage. A number of states require us to contribute funds to state USF programs, while others are actively considering extending their programs to include the services we provide. We currently charge our customers certain fees and other surcharges, which may result in our services becoming less competitive as compared to those provided by others. If our pricing advantage is diminished or eliminated, or if we are required to absorb these increased costs and not pass-through to our customers, our results of operations would be negatively impacted. Our products must comply with industry standards, FCC regulations, state, local, country‑‑specific and international regulations, and changes may require us to modify existing products and/or services. In addition to reliability and quality standards, the market acceptance of telephony over broadband IP networks is dependent upon the adoption of industry standards so that products from multiple manufacturers are able to communicate with each other. Our unique hybrid SaaS connectivity platforms rely on communication standards such as SIP, SRTP and network standards such as TCP/IP and UDP to interoperate with other vendors’ equipment. There is currently a lack of agreement among industry leaders about which standard should be used for a particular application and about the definition of the standards themselves. We also must comply with certain rules and regulations of the FCC regarding electromagnetic radiation and safety standards established by Underwriters Laboratories, as well as similar regulations and standards applicable in other countries. As standards evolve, we may be required to modify our existing products or develop and support new versions of our products. We must comply with certain federal, state and local requirements regarding how we interact with our customers, including marketing practices, consumer protection, privacy, and billing issues, the provision of 9-1-1 emergency service and the quality of service we provide to our customers. The failure of our products and services to comply, or delays in compliance, with various existing and evolving standards could delay or interrupt volume production of our VoIP telephony products, subject us to fines or other imposed penalties, or harm the perception and adoption rates of our service, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. We process, store, and use personal information and other data, which subjects us and our customers to a variety of evolving industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal rules related to privacy, which may increase our costs, decrease adoption and use of our products and services, and expose us to liability. There are numerous U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations and industry standards, that provide for certain obligations and restrictions with respect to data privacy and security, and the collection, storage, retention, protection, use, processing, transmission, sharing, disclosure, and protection of personal information and other customer data. The scope of these obligations and restrictions is changing, subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among countries or conflict with other rules, and their status remains uncertain. In the U.S. and in other jurisdictions, a variety of regulations are currently being proposed that would increase restrictions on online service providers in the field of data privacy and security, and we believe that the adoption of such increasingly restrictive regulation is likely. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”) regulates the processing of personal data, which could result in civil penalties for violations. Aspects of the CCPA remain uncertain, and we may be required to make modifications to our policies or practices in order to comply. In addition, a new privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) was recently approved by California voters and will take effect on January 1, 2023 (with certain provisions having retroactive effect to January 1, 2022). The CPRA’s implementing regulations are expected on or before July 1, 2022, and enforcement is scheduled to begin July 1, 2023. We will continue to monitor developments related to the CPRA. The full impact of the CPRA on our business is yet to be determined. The CPRA modifies the CCPA, potentially resulting in further uncertainty and requiring us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. In Canada, penalties for non-compliance with certain Canadian anti-spam legislation are considerable, including administrative monetary penalties of up to $10 million and a private right of action. Within the EU, strict laws apply in connection with the collection, storage, retention, use, processing, transmission, sharing, disclosure and protection of personal information, and other customer data. Data protection regulators within the EU and other jurisdictions have the power to fine non-compliant organizations significant amounts and seek injunctive relief, including the cessation of certain data processing activities. For example, the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which became effective in May 2018, comprehensively regulates the processing of personal data of any individual residing in the EU. The GDPR provides for significant penalties in the event of violations, including fines of up to 4% of the violating company’s worldwide revenue. We have taken administrative, contractual and other measures designed to achieve Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 32 compliance with the GDPR, but we cannot guarantee these measures are sufficient. While the United Kingdom enacted a Data Protection Act in May 2018 that substantially implements the GDPR, the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union has created regulatory uncertainty, including the cross-border transfer of data. Such uncertainty may adversely impact the operations of our U.K. subsidiary by adding operational complexities and expenses. In addition, on July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union invalidated the Privacy Shield program, which allowed transfers of EU personal data to the U.S. for participating companies consistent with European privacy requirements for transfer of such data to non-EU countries. The Court also raised concerns about transfer of personal data to the U.S. under standard contractual clauses. The decision has created uncertainty about data transfer to the U.S., and it is likely that European regulators will provide further guidance on the use of standard contractual clauses for data transfers to the U.S. Obligations and restrictions imposed by current and future applicable laws, regulations, contracts and industry standards, in particular as we continue to expand our international operations, may increase the cost of our operations, affect our ability to provide all the current features of our business, residential and mobile products and services and our customers’ ability to use our products and services, and could require us to modify the features and functionality of our products and services. Such obligations and restrictions may limit our ability to collect, store, process, use, transmit and share data, and to allow our customers to collect, store, retain, protect, use, process, transmit, share and disclose data with others through our products and services. Compliance with such obligations and restrictions could increase the cost of our operations. Failure to comply with obligations and restrictions related to data privacy and security could subject us to lawsuits, fines, criminal penalties, statutory damages, consent decrees, injunctions, adverse publicity and other losses that could harm our business. Our customers can use our services to store contact and other personal or identifying information, and to process, transmit, receive, store and retrieve a variety of communications and messages, including, for our Ooma Business customers, information about their own customers and other contacts. In addition, customers may use our services to transmit and store protected health information, or PHI, that is protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA. Noncompliance with laws and regulations relating to privacy such as HIPAA, as amended, and the HIPAA regulations, may lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities. Our actual compliance, our customers’ perception of our compliance, costs of compliance with such regulations and customer concerns regarding their own compliance obligations (whether factual or in error) may limit the use and adoption of our service and reduce overall demand. Furthermore, privacy concerns, including the inability or impracticality of providing advance notice to customers of privacy issues related to the use of our services, may cause our customers’ customers to resist providing the personal data necessary to allow our customers to use our services effectively. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our service in certain industries. In addition to government activity, privacy advocacy groups and industry groups have adopted and are considering the adoption of various self-regulatory standards and codes of conduct that may place additional burdens on us and our customers, which may further reduce demand for our services and harm our business. While we try to comply with all applicable data protection laws, regulations, standards, and codes of conduct, as well as our own posted privacy policies and contractual commitments to the extent possible, any failure by us to protect our users’ privacy and data, including as a result of our systems being compromised by hacking or other malicious or surreptitious activity, could result in a loss of user confidence in our services and ultimately in a loss of users, which could materially and adversely affect our business. Our customers may also accidentally disclose their passwords, store them on a mobile device that is lost or stolen, or otherwise fall prey to attacks outside our system, creating the perception that our systems are not secure against third-party access. If our third-party contractors or vendors violate applicable laws or our policies, such violations may also put our customers’ information at risk and could in turn have a material and adverse effect on our business. Use or delivery of our services may become subject to new or increased regulatory requirements, taxes or fees. The increasing growth and popularity of internet voice communications heighten the risk that governments will regulate or impose new or increased fees or taxes on internet voice communications services. To the extent the use of our services continues to grow, regulators may be more likely to seek to regulate or impose new or additional taxes, surcharges or fees on our services. Similarly, advances in technology, such as improvements in locating the geographic origin of internet voice communications, could cause our services to become subject to additional regulations, fees or taxes, or could require us to invest in or develop new technologies, which may be costly. In addition, as we continue to expand our user base and offer more services, we may become subject to new regulations, taxes, surcharges or fees. Increased regulatory requirements, taxes, surcharges or fees on internet voice communications services, which could be assessed by governments retroactively or prospectively, would substantially increase our costs, and, as a result, our business would suffer. In addition, the tax status of our services could subject us to conflicting taxation requirements and complexity with regard to the collection and remittance of applicable taxes. Any such additional taxes could harm our results of operations. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 33 We are subject to anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws with respect to our operations and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to criminal and/or civil liability and harm our business. We are subject to the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, and possibly other anti-bribery and anti‑money laundering laws in countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies and their employees and third-party intermediaries from authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or benefits to recipients in the public or private sector. We use third-party representatives for product testing, customs, export, and import matters outside of the U.S. As we increase our international sales and business, we may engage with business partners and third-party intermediaries to sell our products and services abroad and to obtain necessary permits, licenses, and other regulatory approvals. We or our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, partners, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. Noncompliance with anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, other enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, suspension and/or debarment from contracting with certain persons, the loss of export privileges, reputational harm, adverse media coverage, and other collateral consequences. If any subpoenas or investigations are launched, or governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a materially significant diversion of management’s attention and resources, significant defense costs and other professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could further harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We are subject to governmental export and import controls, economic embargoes and trade sanctions that could impair our ability to expand our business to, and compete in, international markets and could subject us to liability if we are not in compliance with applicable laws. Our products and services are subject to export and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions programs generally prohibit the export of certain products and services to countries, governments and persons subject to U.S. economic embargoes and trade sanctions unless a license, approval, or other authorization is obtained from the U.S. Government. Obtaining the necessary authorizations and licenses for a particular sale may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export or import privileges, government investigations, reputational harm, fines which may be imposed on us and responsible employees or managers, and, in extreme cases, the incarceration of responsible employees or managers. In addition, any changes in our products or services, or changes in applicable export, import, embargo and trade sanctions regulations, may create delays in the introduction and sale of our products and services in international markets or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products and services to certain countries, governments, or persons altogether. Any change in export, import, embargo, or trade sanctions regulations, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could also result in decreased use of our products and services, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products and services to existing or potential customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our products and services or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products and services would likely adversely affect our business. We may be subject to liabilities on past services for taxes, surcharges and fees. We collect and remit state or municipal sales, use, excise, utility user and ad valorem taxes, fees, or surcharges on the charges to our customers for our services or goods in only those jurisdictions where we believe we have a legal obligation to do so or for business reasons to reduce risk. In addition, we have historically substantially complied with the collection of certain California sales/use taxes and financial contributions to the California 9-1-1 system (the Emergency Telephone Users Surcharge) and federal USF. With limited exception, we believe we are generally not subject to taxes, fees, or surcharges imposed by other state and municipal jurisdictions or that such taxes, fees, or surcharges do not apply to our service. There is uncertainty as to what constitutes sufficient “in state presence” for a state or local municipality to levy taxes, fees and surcharges for sales made over the internet. Taxing authorities have in the past, and likely will in the future, challenge our position on the lack of enforceability of such taxes, fees and surcharges where we have no relevant presence, and audit our business and operations with respect to sales, use, telecommunications and other taxes, which could result in increased tax liabilities for us or our customers, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and our relationships with our customers. We have seen an increase in the number and frequency of such state and local tax authority challenges, audits and related demands, which we are defending against vigorously. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 34 Finally, the application of other indirect taxes (such as sales and use tax, value added tax, or VAT, goods and services tax, business tax, and gross receipt tax) to e-commerce businesses, such as ours, is a complex and evolving area. In 2016, the U.S. federal government enacted legislation indefinitely extending the moratorium on states and other local authorities imposing access or discriminatory taxes. This moratorium does not prohibit federal, state, or local authorities from collecting taxes on our income or from collecting taxes due under existing tax rules. The application of existing, new, or future laws, whether in the U.S. or internationally, could have adverse effects on our business, prospects, and results of operations. There have been, and will continue to be, substantial ongoing costs associated with complying with the various indirect tax requirements in the numerous markets in which we conduct or will conduct business. Changes in effective tax rates, or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns, could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including: • • • • • • • • changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; expiration of, or lapses in, the research and development tax credit laws; expiration or non-utilization of net operating loss carryforwards; tax effects of share-based compensation; certain non-deductible expenses as a result of acquisitions; expansion into new jurisdictions; potential challenges to and costs related to implementation and ongoing operation of our intercompany arrangements; and changes in tax laws and regulations and accounting principles, or interpretations or applications thereof. As we expand our operations outside the U.S. and Canada, certain changes to U.S. tax laws, including limitations on the ability to defer U.S. taxation on earnings outside of the U.S. until those earnings are repatriated to the U.S. could affect the tax treatment of our foreign earnings. Any changes in our effective tax rate could adversely affect our results of operations. We may be unable to use some or all of our net operating loss carryforwards, which could materially and adversely affect our reported financial condition and results of operations. As of January 31, 2021, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, of $123.3 million and $70.2 million, respectively, available to offset future taxable income, which will begin to expire in 2030 if not utilized. We also have federal and research and development tax credit carryforwards that will begin to expire in 2030 and California research and development tax credit carryforwards with no expiration date. Realization of these net operating loss and research tax credit carryforwards depends on future income, and there is a risk that our existing carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. No deferred tax assets have been recognized on our balance sheet related to these NOLs, as they are fully reserved by a valuation allowance. If we have previously had, or have in the future, one or more Section 382 “ownership changes”, or if we do not generate sufficient taxable income, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of our NOLs, even if we achieve profitability. If we are limited in our ability to use our NOLs in future years in which we have taxable income, we will pay more taxes than if we were able to fully utilize our NOLs. This could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 35                 Risks Related to Being a Public Company If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock. Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we are required to make a formal assessment and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase our compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly, and place significant demands on our financial and operational resources, as well as IT systems. Our control environment may not be sufficient to remediate or prevent future material weaknesses or significant deficiencies from occurring. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Due to the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and all instances of fraud will be detected. Our independent registered public accounting firm is required to and has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, because we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as of January 31, 2021, as defined by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and reliability of our financial reports, which would cause the price of our common stock to decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, including the SEC and NYSE. Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance. From time to time, we plan to release earnings guidance in our quarterly earnings conference calls, quarterly earnings releases, or otherwise, regarding our future performance that represents our management’s estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which will include forward‑looking statements, will be based on projections prepared by our management. Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. We intend to state possible outcomes as high and low ranges which are intended to provide a sensitivity analysis as variables are changed but are not intended to imply that actual results could not fall outside of the suggested ranges. The principal reason that we release guidance is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors. Accordingly, we do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any such third parties. Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions underlying the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date of release. Actual results may vary from our guidance and the variations may be material. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged not to rely upon our guidance in making an investment decision regarding our common stock. Any failure to successfully implement our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances set forth in this “Risk Factors” section in this report could result in the actual operating results being different from our guidance, and the differences may be adverse and material. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 36   Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, or may fluctuate or decline, resulting in a substantial loss of your investment. Our stock price may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, such as quarterly operating results; changes in our financial projections provided to the public or our failure to meet those projections; our operating and financial performance and prospects and the performance of other similar companies; the public's reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC; significant transactions, or new features, products or services by us or our competitors; changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts; failure of securities analysts to cover or track our common stock; media coverage of our business and financial performance; trends in our industry; any significant change in our management; sales of common stock by us, our investors or members of our management team; and changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the U.S. and global economies or financial markets, including as a result of public health crises, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to, among other things, the factors described in this “Risk Factors” section or otherwise, and other factors beyond our control, such as fluctuations in the valuations of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us. In addition, the stock market in general, and the market prices for companies in our industry, have experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to operating performance. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our stock, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, many companies that have experienced volatility in their stock price have become subject to securities class action litigation. We have been subject to this type of litigation in the past and may continue to be a target in the future. Securities litigation against us has resulted and could result in substantial costs and has and would divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, any of which could harm our business. If we fail to meet expectations related to future growth, profitability, or other market expectations, our stock price may decline significantly, which could have a material adverse impact on investor confidence and employee retention. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception these sales might occur, could cause our stock price to decline. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception these sales might occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. In addition, we have registered shares of common stock which we may issue under our employee stock plans and they may be sold freely in the public market upon issuance. We may issue our shares of common stock or securities convertible into our common stock from time to time in connection with a financing, acquisition, and investments or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. If securities analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about our business or if they publish negative evaluations of our stock, the price of our stock could decline. We expect that the trading price for our common stock will be affected by any research or reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who elect to cover us downgrade their evaluations of our stock or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company, our stock may lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause its price to decline. We have never paid cash dividends and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. If we do not pay cash dividends, you would receive a return on your investment in our common stock only if the market price of our common stock increases before you sell your shares. Our charter documents and Delaware law could prevent a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also reduce the market price of our stock. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions include: • • • providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms; authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board of directors could issue to increase the number of outstanding shares to discourage a takeover attempt; prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors; Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 37         • • • • providing that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum; prohibiting stockholder action by written consent; limiting the persons who may call special meetings of stockholders; and requiring advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals. These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporate Law may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a certain period of time without the consent of our board of directors. These and other provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts, reduce the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock and result in the market price of our common stock being lower than it would be without these provisions. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. While the Delaware Supreme Court determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring such a claim arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, against us, our directors, officers, or other employees in a venue other than in the federal district courts of the United States of America. In such instance, we would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, and this may require significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions. We were subject to a securities class action litigation in connection with our initial public offering and may be subject to similar securities litigation in the future. The Company, its directors, and certain officers were named as defendants in a consolidated securities class action. On May 30, 2019, the parties filed with the Court a Stipulation of Settlement, and on October 18, 2019, the Court entered final approval of the settlement. As part of the final settlement approval, the Court dismissed the class action lawsuit with prejudice and the plaintiff released all claims against the Company and all other defendants relating to the allegations in the class action. In the future, especially following periods of volatility in the market price of our shares, other purported class action or derivative complaints may be filed against us. The outcome of the pending and potential future litigation is difficult to predict and quantify and the defense of such claims or actions can be costly. In addition to diverting financial and management resources and general business disruption, we may suffer from adverse publicity that could harm our brand or reputation, regardless of whether the allegations are valid or whether we are ultimately held liable. A judgment or settlement that is not covered by or is significantly in excess of our insurance coverage for any claims, or our obligations to indemnify the underwriters and the individual defendants, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 38           General Risk Factors We depend largely on the continued services of our senior management and other key employees, the loss of any of whom could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our future performance depends on the continued services and contributions of our senior management and other key employees to execute on our business plan, and to identify and pursue opportunities and services innovations. The loss of services of senior management or other key employees could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our development and strategic objectives. All of our executive officers and senior management may terminate employment with us at any time with no advance notice. The replacement of any of these senior management personnel would likely involve significant time and costs, and such loss could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. Many members of our senior management have been our employees for many years and therefore have significant experience and understanding of our business that would be difficult to replace. Our inability to attract and retain the necessary personnel could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of business. We do not maintain key person insurance for any of our personnel. If we are unable to hire, retain and motivate qualified personnel, our business will suffer. Our future success depends, in part, on our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel. We believe there is, and will continue to be, intense competition for highly skilled technical and other personnel with experience in our industry in the San Francisco Bay Area, where our headquarters is located, and in other locations, such as Vancouver, Canada and Boca Raton, Florida where we maintain offices. We must provide competitive compensation packages and a high-quality work environment to hire, retain and motivate employees. If we are unable to retain and motivate our existing employees or attract qualified personnel to fill key positions, we may be unable to manage our business effectively, including the development, marketing and sale of existing and new services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. To the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations such personnel have been improperly solicited or divulged proprietary or other confidential information. Catastrophic events or political instability could disrupt and cause harm to our business, operating results, or financial condition. Our corporate headquarters, offices and one of our data center facilities are located in Northern California, a region that frequently experiences earthquakes. We also maintain an office in Boca Raton, Florida, an area that has been prone to severe weather events, such as hurricanes. In addition, our third-party contract manufacturer facilities in China and our sole third-party customer service and support facility in the Philippines are located on the Pacific Rim near known earthquake fault zones that are vulnerable to damage from earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and/or typhoons. We and our contractors are also vulnerable to other types of disasters, such as power loss, fire, floods, pandemics (including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has disrupted and is expected to continue to disrupt our operations, including our sales activities), cyber-attack, war, political or civil unrest and terrorist attacks and similar events that are beyond our control. If any disasters were to occur, our ability to operate our business could be seriously impaired, and we may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, loss of intellectual property, delays in our services development, lengthy interruptions in our services, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, all of which could harm our future results of operations. Such events may also reduce demand for our products and services because of reduced global or national economic activity and can cause disruptions and extreme volatility in global financial markets, increase rates of default and bankruptcy, and impact levels of business and consumer spending. In addition, we do not carry earthquake insurance and we may not have adequate insurance to cover our losses resulting from other disasters or other similar significant business interruptions. Any significant losses not recoverable under our insurance policies could seriously impair our business and financial condition. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 39   ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. ITEM 2. Properties Our corporate headquarters are located in Sunnyvale, California and consists of leased office space totaling approximately 33,400 square feet. We lease additional office and warehouse space in the San Francisco Bay Area for various product development, operational and customer support purposes. We also lease offices in Boca Raton, Florida and several other locations throughout the U.S. as well as Vancouver, British Columbia. We lease space from third-party data centers under co-location agreements in Northern California, Texas and Virginia that support our cloud infrastructure. We believe our existing facilities are adequate to meet our current requirements. If we were to require additional space, we believe that we will be able to obtain such space on acceptable, commercially reasonable terms. See Note 7: Operating Leases of the accompanying notes of our consolidated financial statements for more information about our lease commitments. ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings For a discussion of legal proceedings, see Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies – Legal Proceedings in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K, which information is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 40       ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information for Common Stock. Our common stock has been trading on the NYSE under the symbol “OOMA” since July 17, 2015. PART II Holders of Record. As of January 31, 2021, there were approximately 66 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders. Dividend Policy. We have not declared or paid, and do not anticipate declaring or paying in the foreseeable future, any cash dividends on our capital stock. Stock Price Performance Graph. The graph below compares the cumulative total return on our common stock with that of the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index and the NYSE. The graph assumes $100 was invested at the close of market on the last trading day of fiscal 2016 in our common stock, the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index and the NYSE, and its relative performance is tracked through January 29, 2021, the last trading day of our fiscal year 2021. This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or incorporated by reference into any filing of Ooma, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. The stock price performance on this performance graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. Sales of Unregistered Securities. Not applicable. Use of Proceeds. Not applicable. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 41 ITEM 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data The information set forth below for the five years ended January 31, 2021 is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with MD&A and the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Form 10-K (in thousands, except share and per share data): Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Revenue Gross margin Net loss Basic and diluted net loss per share Weighted-average common shares outstanding Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments Working capital Total assets Deferred revenue, current and non-current Total liabilities Total stockholders' equity 2021 2020 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 168,947 104,804 (2,441) (0.11) 22,361,312 2021 28,311 9,338 89,097 16,501 49,546 39,551 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 151,593 89,381 (18,801) (0.89) 21,051,039 2020 26,064 1,144 80,611 15,971 52,196 28,415 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 129,231 76,491 $ (14,572) $ (0.74) $ $ 114,490 68,092 $ (13,121) $ (0.71) $ 19,799,781 18,570,128 104,524 59,329 (12,949) (0.74) 17,490,448 As of January 31, 2019 2018 2017 42,623 17,191 78,388 15,750 45,341 33,047 $ $ $ $ $ $ 51,790 29,338 73,431 15,984 36,363 37,068 $ $ $ $ $ $ 53,201 34,299 73,338 16,030 33,518 39,820 The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on February 1, 2019 and ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) on February 1, 2018. Both standards were adopted using the modified retrospective method. Therefore, comparative prior period amounts have not been adjusted for Topics 842 and 606 and continue to be reported under the historic accounting standards in effect for the periods presented. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 42                 ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The last day of our fiscal year is January 31, and we refer to our fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 as fiscal 2021, our fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 as fiscal 2020 and our fiscal year ended January 31, 2019 as fiscal 2019. All other references to years are references to calendar years. This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses fiscal 2021 and 2020 items and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal 2021 and 2020. Discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal 2020 as compared to 2019 is included in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on April 14, 2020. Executive Overview Ooma creates powerful connected experiences for businesses and consumers. Our smart SaaS and UCaaS platforms serve as a communications hub, which offers cloud-based communications solutions, smart security and other connected services. Our business and residential solutions deliver our proprietary PureVoice high-definition voice quality, advanced functionality and integration with mobile devices, at competitive pricing and value. Our platforms help create smart workplaces and homes by providing communications, monitoring, security, automation, productivity and networking infrastructure applications. We generate subscription and services revenue by selling subscriptions and other services for our communications services, as well as other connected services. We generate our product and other revenue from the sale of our on-premise appliances and end-point devices, as well as from porting fees to enable customers to transfer their existing phone numbers to the Ooma service. We primarily offer our solutions in the U.S. and Canada. We refer to Ooma Office and Ooma Enterprise collectively as Ooma Business. Ooma Residential includes Ooma Telo basic and premier services as well as our smart security solutions. See Item 1. Business above for additional information regarding our business, including products and services offered, competitive market and regulatory matters. Fiscal 2021 Financial Performance • • • • • • • • Total revenue was $168.9 million, up 11% year-over-year, primarily driven by the continued growth of Ooma Business. Subscription and services revenue increased as a percentage of our total revenue over the last three years, from approximately 90% in fiscal 2019 to 93% in fiscal 2021. Subscription and services revenue from Ooma Business and Ooma Residential grew 27% and 3% year-over-year, respectively. Total gross margin was 62%, compared to 59% in fiscal 2020, primarily driven by the growth of Ooma Business and associated benefits of economies of scale, and cost savings associated with the discontinuation of Ooma Smart Cam in October 2019. GAAP net loss was $2.4 million, improved from a net loss of $18.8 million in fiscal 2020, largely driven by our revenue growth, higher gross margins, and due to lower travel and other expenses. Non-GAAP net income was $11.5 million, compared to a non-GAAP net loss of $0.7 million in fiscal 2020. Adjusted EBITDA was $14.0 million, compared to $1.0 million in fiscal 2020. As of January 31, 2021, we had total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $28.3 million, up $2.2 million from $26.1 million as of January 31, 2020. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 43                   COVID-19 Update In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 was reported and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. During the global pandemic, we have continued to remain focused on executing our growth strategy while also adapting to the changes in our market environment and business activities driven by COVID-19. Since mid-March 2020, we have required our employees to work from home and suspended all non-essential business travel, which changed how we operate our business. Inside sales and online sales functions were less affected, but sales through face-to-face channels and through retailers became more challenging. In the first half of fiscal 2021, we saw our customer churn rate increase from pre-pandemic levels and experienced some delays in installation services, which we believe was primarily attributable to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the second half of fiscal 2021, we have seen some stabilization in our churn rate. While our revenue can be relatively predictable as a result of our subscription-based business model, the severity and duration of the pandemic and its impact on our operations continues to remain uncertain and may not be fully reflected in our results of operations and overall financial performance until future periods. A prolonged pandemic could adversely impact the efficiency and effectiveness of our organization, further disrupt our global supply chain network, result in delays or decreases in customer collections, reduce demand for our products and services, increase churn, and inhibit our sales efforts, any of which could materially impact our revenues, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. For more information on risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, please see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A above. Key Factors Affecting Our Performance Our historical financial performance and key business metrics have been, and we expect that our financial performance and key business metrics in the future will be, primarily driven by the following factors: Core user growth. Our growth in the number of core users, a key business metric defined below, is a key indicator of our market penetration, the growth of our business and our anticipated future subscription and services revenue, especially Ooma Business. Low core user churn. We believe that maintaining our current low core user churn is an important factor in our ability to continue to improve our financial performance and is a distinguishing advantage over many of our competitors. We focus on providing high-quality services and support to our users so they are motivated to remain with us. Our core user churn rate is higher for Ooma Business customers than Ooma Residential customers, which is driven in part by the failure rate of small businesses as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we expect that our overall core user churn rate will increase as sales of our business products increase relative to sales of residential products. Growth in additional services. We believe that there is significant opportunity for us to increase the additional subscription and services that our customers purchase from us in both the business and residential markets. Customers who purchase additional subscription and services from us generate more value to Ooma over the life of our customer relationship. In order to drive adoption of additional services, we will need to continue to enhance our existing solutions and develop new connected services. For example, we intend to invest in Ooma Business to launch additional features to continue our momentum serving larger businesses and further increase our average revenue per user. We also plan to evolve our Ooma Connect and Wi-Fi solutions as part of our longer-term strategy to provide a more complete solution for small and medium-sized businesses. Investing in long-term revenue growth. We believe that our total addressable market opportunity is large and we intend to continue significantly investing in sales and marketing to grow our user base. We expect the domestic and international markets in which we conduct our business will remain highly competitive. We expect to continue investing in research and development to enhance our platforms and develop additional connected services. We may evaluate additional possible acquisitions of businesses, products and technologies that are complementary to our business. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 44   Key Business Metrics We review the key metrics below to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions. The following table sets forth our key metrics for each of the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages): 2021 As of January 31, 2020 2019 Core users Annualized exit recurring revenue (AERR) Net dollar subscription retention rate Adjusted EBITDA $ $ 1,074 160,528 $ 96% $ 14,013 1,048 143,190 $ 100% $ 966 976 119,102 99% (1,859) Core Users increased year-over-year, which was primarily driven by growth in business users. As of January 31, 2021, Ooma Business users comprised approximately 25% of our total core users, up from 22% as of January 31, 2020. We believe that the number of our core users is an indicator of our market penetration, the growth of our business and our anticipated future subscription and services revenue. We define our core users as the number of active residential user accounts and office user extensions. We believe that the relationship that we establish with our core users positions us to sell additional premium communications services and other new connected services to them. Annualized Exit Recurring Revenue grew year-over-year due to an increase in the average revenue per core user, which was largely driven by an increase in business users. We believe that AERR is an indicator of recurring subscription and services revenue for near-term future periods. We estimate our AERR by dividing our recurring quarterly subscription revenue (excluding Talkatone revenue) by the average number of core users each quarter and annualize by multiplying by four. We then multiply that result by the number of core users at the end of the period to calculate AERR. Net Dollar Subscription Retention Rate declined year-over-year primarily due to increased user churn related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that our net dollar subscription retention rate provides insight into our ability to retain and grow our subscription and services revenue, and is an indicator of the long-term value of our customer relationships and the stability of our revenue base. It measures the percentage year- over-year change in our recurring subscription revenue per core user (excluding Talkatone revenue), which is then adjusted by factoring in the percentage of our core users we have retained during the same period. Our net dollar subscription retention rate is affected by changes in average amounts that our core users pay to us, fluctuations in the number of our core users, and our core user churn rate. We calculate our estimated net dollar subscription retention rate for our core users by multiplying: (i) our year-over-year percentage change in annual recurring revenue per core user, which is calculated by: ▪ ▪ by: (ii) ▪ ▪ ▪ determining the annual recurring revenue per core user by dividing annual recurring revenue for the period ended by the number of core users at the end of that particular period; and calculating the year-over-year percentage change in annual recurring revenue per core user by dividing the current period recurring revenue per core user by the annual recurring revenue per core user for the same period in the prior year. our core user annual retention rate, which is calculated by: determining our core user churn, by identifying the number of paying core users who terminate service during a month, excluding infant churn, which we define as office extensions and home users who terminate service prior to the end of the second full calendar month after their activation date; calculating our monthly churn rate by dividing our churn in a month by the number of core users at the beginning of that month; and calculating our annual retention rate as one minus the sum of our monthly churn rates for the preceding 12-month period. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 45                 Adjusted EBITDA In addition, we use Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest Tax and Depreciation and Amortization) to manage our business, evaluate our performance and make planning decisions. We consider this measure to be a useful measure of our operating performance, because it contains adjustments for unusual events or factors that do not directly affect what management considers being the core operating performance, and are used by our management for that purpose. We also believe this measure enables us to better evaluate our performance by facilitating a meaningful comparison of our core operating results in a given period to those in prior and future periods. In addition, investors often use similar measures to evaluate the operating performance with competitors. Adjusted EBITDA represents net income (loss) before interest and other income, income tax provision or benefit, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation and related taxes, amortization of acquired intangible assets and other acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges and certain litigation costs that are not representative of the ordinary course of our business. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are: • • • • Adjusted EBITDA does not consider any expenses for assets being depreciated and amortized that are necessary to our business; Adjusted EBITDA does not consider the impact of income tax provisions or benefits, stock-based compensation and related taxes, amortization of acquired intangible assets and other acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges and certain litigation costs that are not recurring in nature; Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect other non-operating expenses, net of other non-operating income, including net interest and other income/expense; and other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including net loss and our other GAAP results. The following table provides a reconciliation of net loss (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure) to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated (in thousands): GAAP net loss Reconciling items: Interest and other income, net Income tax provision (benefit) Depreciation and amortization of capital expenditures Amortization of acquired intangible assets and acquisition-related costs Stock-based compensation and related taxes Restructuring charges Litigation costs Adjusted EBITDA Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2021 2020 2019 (2,441) $ (18,801) $ (14,572) (419) 85 2,877 1,304 12,607 — — 14,013 $ (780) (130) 2,548 1,289 13,149 3,085 606 966 $ (830) (384) 2,269 821 10,695 — 142 (1,859) $ $ Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 46       Components of Results of Operations Revenue Subscription and services revenue is derived primarily from recurring subscription fees related to service plans such as Ooma Business, Ooma Residential and other communications services, and to a lesser extent from payments associated with our Talkatone mobile application, prepaid international calls and installation-related services. We expect our subscription and services revenue to grow as we expand our core user base, driven primarily by growth in Ooma Business. Product and other revenue consists primarily of sales of our on-premise appliances and end-point devices used in connection with our services, including shipping and handling fees for our direct customers and to a lesser extent from porting fees. We expect our product and other revenue to remain relatively unchanged on a year-over-year basis. Cost of revenue and gross margin Cost of subscription and services revenue includes payments made for third-party network operations and telecommunications services, certain telecom taxes and fees (including Federal USF contributions), credit card processing fees, costs to build out and maintain data centers, depreciation and maintenance of servers and equipment, personnel costs associated with customer care and network operations support and allocated overhead costs. Cost of product and other revenue includes the costs associated with the manufacturing of our on-premise appliances and end-point devices, as well as personnel costs for employees and contractors, costs related to porting our customers’ phone numbers to our service, shipping and handling costs, tariffs imposed on imported product and allocated overhead costs. Subscription and services gross margin may fluctuate from period-to-period based on the interplay of a number of factors, including revenue mix and fluctuations in the costs described above. We expect our subscription and services gross margin to increase over the long-term, primarily as we achieve scale efficiencies and as Ooma Business revenue becomes a larger portion of total subscription revenue. Product and other gross margin may fluctuate from period-to-period based on a number of factors, including total units shipped as compared to the direct costs of production and relatively fixed personnel costs incurred. We sell our on-premise appliances at aggressive price points to facilitate the adoption of our platforms and services. We expect our product and other gross margin to continue to be negative for the foreseeable future. Our subscription and services gross margin is significantly higher than product and other gross margin. As a result, any significant change in revenue mix will cause our total gross margin to change. For example, in periods where we sell significantly more on-premise appliances, we would expect our total gross margin to be impacted. Operating expenses Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for employees and contractors, advertising and marketing costs, amortization of sales commissions paid to internal sales personnel and third parties, amortization of acquired intangible assets, travel expenses and allocated overhead costs. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to grow our business. Research and development expenses are focused on developing new and expanded features for our services and improvements to our platforms and backend architecture. Research and development consists primarily of personnel costs for employees and contractors, as well as costs for supplies, software tools, product certification and allocated overhead costs. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars. General and administrative expenses consist of personnel costs for our finance, legal, human resources and other administrative employees and contractors, as well as professional service fees, legal fees, acquisition-related transaction costs and allocated overhead costs. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 47   Consolidated Results of Operations The tables in this section set forth selected consolidated statements of operations data for each of the periods indicated (dollars in thousands): Revenue: Subscription and services Product and other Total revenue Cost of revenue: Subscription and services Product and other Total cost of revenue Gross profit Operating expenses: Sales and marketing Research and development General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest and other income, net Loss before income taxes Income tax (provision) benefit Net loss 2021 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 156,873 12,074 168,947 $ 139,499 12,094 151,593 46,134 18,009 64,143 104,804 50,919 36,079 20,581 107,579 (2,775) 419 (2,356) (85) (2,441) $ 43,748 18,464 62,212 89,381 50,497 37,770 20,825 109,092 (19,711) 780 (18,931) 130 (18,801) $ $ Costs and expenses included stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes as follows (in thousands): Cost of revenue Sales and marketing Research and development General and administrative Total stock-based compensation and related taxes 2021 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 1,054 1,978 4,387 5,188 12,607 $ $ 1,311 2,004 4,773 5,061 13,149 $ $ Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 48 116,429 12,802 129,231 36,108 16,632 52,740 76,491 40,761 33,903 17,613 92,277 (15,786) 830 (14,956) 384 (14,572) 957 1,501 3,906 4,331 10,695                       Revenue Revenue: Subscription and services Product and other Total revenue Percentage of revenue: Subscription and services Product and other Total NM = not meaningful Fiscal 2021 Compared to Fiscal 2020 2021 2020 2019 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, $ $ 156,873 12,074 168,947 $ $ 93% 7% 100% 139,499 12,094 151,593 $ $ 92% 8% 100% 116,429 12,802 129,231 $ $ 90% 10% 100% Change 2021 vs. 2020 17,374 (20) 17,354 12% NM 11% We derived approximately 54% and 58% of our total revenue from Ooma Residential and approximately 44% and 39% from Ooma Business in fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Subscription and services revenue increased $17.4 million or 12% year-over-year, primarily attributable to an increase in our core users and an increase in the average revenue per user, driven by the growth of Ooma Business. Product and other revenue was comparable to the prior year. Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin Cost of revenue: Subscription and services Product and other Total cost of revenue Gross margin: Subscription and services Product and other Total Fiscal 2021 Compared to Fiscal 2020 2021 2020 2019 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, Change 2021 vs. 2020 $ $ 46,134 18,009 64,143 $ 71% (49)% 62% 43,748 18,464 62,212 $ 69% (53)% 59% 36,108 16,632 52,740 $ $ 69% (30)% 59% 2,386 (455) 1,931 5% (2)% 3% Subscription and services gross margin of 71% increased year-over-year from 69% reflecting the continued growth of Ooma Business and associated benefits of economies of scale. Cost of subscription and services revenue for fiscal 2021 increased $2.4 million or 5% year-over-year, primarily due to a $1.5 million increase in telecom and network infrastructure costs as well as increased regulatory costs. Overall, the year-over-year increase in the cost of subscription and services reflects both organic and acquisition-related growth of our business. Product and other revenue gross margin of negative 49% improved year-over-year from negative 53% due to the non-recurrence of $2.1 million in restructuring charges associated with the discontinuation of Smart Cam, which was partly offset by an increase in freight costs and promotional activities. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 49             Operating Expenses Sales and marketing Research and development General and administrative Total operating expenses Fiscal 2021 Compared to Fiscal 2020 2021 2020 2019 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, $ $ 50,919 36,079 20,581 107,579 $ 50,497 37,770 20,825 109,092 $ 40,761 33,903 17,613 92,277 $ $ Change 2021 vs. 2020 422 (1,691) (244) (1,513) 1% (4)% (1)% (1)% Sales and marketing expenses increased $0.4 million year-over-year, reflecting a $1.8 million increase in amortization of deferred sales commissions that was largely offset by a $1.0 million decrease in travel related costs and a $0.5 million decrease in personnel related costs. Research and development expenses decreased $1.7 million or 4% year-over-year, primarily due to a $1.0 million decrease in consultant costs and the non-recurrence of $0.6 million in severance and other charges associated with our October 2019 restructuring actions. Overall, the year-over-year decrease in research and development expenses was largely driven by the cost savings associated with the discontinuation of Smart Cam. General and administrative expenses decreased slightly year-over-year, primarily reflecting a $1.1 million decrease in legal costs that was largely offset by a $1.0 million increase in personnel related costs, driven by higher headcount. The decrease in legal costs was primarily attributable to the non-recurrence of costs associated with certain litigation proceedings that were settled in fiscal 2020. Interest and Other Income, net Interest and other income, net decreased $0.4 million year-over-year to $0.4 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $0.8 million in fiscal 2020, mainly due to a decrease in investment income that resulted from lower interest rates and a higher proportion of cash equivalents in our investment portfolio during fiscal 2021. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 50         Non-GAAP Financial Measures This Form 10-K contains certain non-GAAP financial measures, including non-GAAP net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA (see “Key Metrics” above). These non-GAAP financial measures exclude non-cash stock- based compensation expense and related taxes, amortization of acquired intangible assets and other acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges and certain litigation costs that are not representative of the ordinary course of our business. These non-GAAP financial measures are presented to provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results and core business operations. We consider these non-GAAP financial measures to be useful measures of the operating performance of the Company, because they contain adjustments for unusual events or factors that do not directly affect what management considers to be our core operating performance, and are used by our management for that purpose. We also believe that these non-GAAP financial measures allow for a better evaluation of our performance by facilitating a meaningful comparison of our core operating results in a given period to those in prior and future periods. In addition, investors often use similar measures to evaluate the operating performance of a company. Non-GAAP financial measures are presented for supplemental informational purposes only to aid an understanding of our operating results and should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures presented by other companies. A limitation of the non-GAAP financial measures presented is that the adjustments relate to items that the Company generally expects to continue to recognize. The adjustment of these items should not be construed as an inference that the adjusted expenses or gains are unusual, infrequent or non-recurring. Therefore, both GAAP financial measures of Ooma’s financial performance and the respective non-GAAP measures should be considered together. The following table presents a reconciliation of GAAP net loss to non-GAAP net income (loss) for each of the periods indicated (in thousands): GAAP net loss Stock-based compensation and related taxes Amortization of acquired intangible assets and acquisition-related costs Restructuring charges Litigation costs Non-GAAP net income (loss) Quarterly Results of Operations 2021 2020 2019 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, $ $ (2,441) 12,607 1,304 — — 11,470 $ $ (18,801) $ 13,149 1,289 3,085 606 (672) $ The following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly financial data for each of the eight quarterly periods ended January 31, 2021 (in thousands, except percentages): January 31 October 31 July 31 April 30 Three Months Ended Fiscal 2021 Total revenue Gross profit Gross margin Total operating expenses Net loss Fiscal 2020 Total revenue Gross profit Gross margin Total operating expenses Net loss $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 44,262 27,440 $ $ 62% $ $ 27,999 (595) 40,648 24,588 $ $ 60% $ $ 27,060 (2,294) 42,967 26,687 $ $ 62% $ $ 27,209 (413) 39,595 22,040 $ $ 56% $ $ 28,980 (6,784) 41,412 25,502 $ $ 62% $ $ 26,051 (367) 37,343 22,320 $ $ 60% $ $ 27,599 (4,983) (14,572) 10,695 752 — 142 (2,983) 40,306 25,175 62% 26,320 (1,066) 34,007 20,433 60% 25,453 (4,740) Our total revenue has grown sequentially each quarter due to the continued growth in our subscriber base driven by an increase in our core users. Our results for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 were negatively affected by $3.1 million in total restructuring charges associated with the discontinuation of Ooma Smart Cam in October 2019 and a small reduction-in- force.  Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 51     Liquidity and Capital Resources As of January 31, 2021, we had $28.3 million of total cash, cash equivalents and investments, which we believe will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next 12 months. In January 2021, we entered into a credit and security agreement with certain banks that provided for a secured revolving credit facility under which we may borrow up to an aggregate of $25 million and, subject to certain conditions, may be increased to up to $45 million. We currently have no outstanding borrowings. See Note 12: Financing Arrangements of the accompanying notes of our consolidated financial statements for more information. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the introduction of new and enhanced offerings, the timing and extent of our sales and marketing activities and research and development expenditures, the expansion of our business internationally, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on these or other factors. We may in the future make investments in or acquisitions of businesses or technologies, which may require the use of cash. The table below provides selected cash flow information, for the periods indicated (in thousands): Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Net cash provided by investing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Operating Activities The table below provides selected cash flow information, for the periods indicated (in thousands): Net loss Non-cash charges Changes in operating assets and liabilities: (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable (Increase) decrease in inventories Increase in other assets (Decrease) increase in accounts payable and other liabilities Increase in deferred revenue Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 2021 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 4,367 229 1,022 5,618 $ $ (7,564) $ 2,866 1,008 (3,690) $ 2021 $ Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 2019 (2,441) 19,700 $ (18,801) 19,645 $ (637) (3,378) (5,496) (3,911) 530 135 407 (4,965) (4,089) 104 $ 4,367 $ (7,564) $ (3,926) 14,853 (40) 10,887 (14,572) 12,321 (1,050) (4,213) (5,334) 8,150 772 (3,926) For fiscal 2021, our net loss of $2.4 million included non-cash charges primarily related to stock-based compensation, operating lease expense and depreciation and amortization expense. Operating asset and liability changes for fiscal 2021 included: • • • an increase of $5.5 million in other current and non-current assets primarily due to the capitalization of sales commissions costs under Topic 606 a decrease of $3.9 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities due to the timing of payments an increase of $3.4 million in inventories to scale our business and mitigate the risk of longer lead times and supplier shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic Cash provided by operating activities for fiscal 2021 increased $11.9 million year-over-year, which primarily reflected a significant decrease in net loss as well as working capital impacts resulting from the timing of payments. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 52               Investing Activities Cash provided by investing activities was $0.2 million for fiscal 2021, which consisted of proceeds of $23.5 million from maturities and sales of short-term investments, offset in part by $20.1 million used for purchases of short-term investments and $3.2 million used for capital expenditures. Cash provided by investing activities decreased $2.6 million year-over-year, which reflected lower net proceeds associated with short-term investments and the absence of business acquisition activity in fiscal 2021. Financing Activities Cash provided by financing activities was $1.0 million for fiscal 2021, which consisted of proceeds of $2.9 million from the issuance of common stock related to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and stock option exercises, offset in part by payments of $1.6 million related to shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs, as well as payments of $0.2 million in connection with securing our new revolving credit facility. Cash provided by financing activities was comparable year-over-year. Contractual Obligations and Commitments As of January 31, 2021, our total future expected payment obligations under non-cancelable operating leases with terms longer than one year were approximately $7.0 million. See Note 7: Operating Leases in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a table of contractual obligations, including payments due by period. As of January 31, 2021, non-cancelable purchase commitments with our contract manufacturers totaled approximately $5.4 million. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any material relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities such as structured finance or special purpose entities that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 53 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, cash flows and the related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Note 2 to the notes to consolidated financial statements of this Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance as these policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Revenue Recognition Subscription and services revenue is derived primarily from recurring subscription fees related to service plans such as Ooma Business, Ooma Residential and other communications services. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual service term. Product and other revenue is generated from the sale of on-premise appliances and end-point devices, including shipping and handling fees for our direct customers, and to a lesser extent from porting fees that enable customers to transfer their existing phone numbers. We recognize revenue from sales to direct end-customers and channel partners at the point in time that control transfers which is typically when we deliver the product or when all customer contractual provisions have been met, if any. Our contracts with customers typically contain multiple performance obligations that consist of product(s) and related communications services. Judgment is required to properly identify the accounting units of multiple performance obligations and to determine the manner in which revenue should be allocated among the obligations. Individual performance obligations are accounted for separately if they are distinct. The contract transaction price is then allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) basis. We determine the SSP for our communications services based on observable historical stand-alone sales to customers, for which we require that a substantial majority of selling prices fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range. We establish SSP for our on-premise appliances and end-point devices based upon our best estimates and judgments, considering company-specific factors such as pricing strategies, discounting practices, and estimated product and other costs. The determination of SSP is made through consultation with and approval by our management. As our business offerings evolve over time, we may be required to modify our estimated selling prices in subsequent periods, and the timing of our revenue recognition could be affected. Our distribution agreements with channel partners typically contain clauses for price protection and right of return. We record reductions to revenue for estimated product returns from end users and customer sales incentives at the time the related revenue is recognized. Product returns and customer sales incentives are estimated based on our historical experience, current trends and expectations regarding future experience. Trends are influenced by product life cycles, new product introductions, market acceptance of products, the type of customer, seasonality and other factors. Product return and sales incentive rates may fluctuate over time but are sufficiently predictable to allow our management to estimate expected future amounts. If actual future returns and sales incentives differ from past experience, additional reserves may be required. To date, actual results have not been materially different from our estimates. Inventories Inventories consist of raw materials and finished goods and are stated at the lower of actual cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis. Our assessment of market value requires the use of estimates regarding the net realizable value of our inventory balances, including an assessment of excess or obsolete inventory. At each balance sheet date, we determine excess or obsolete inventory write-downs based on multiple factors, including: forecast demand for our products within a specified time horizon, generally 12 months, product acceptance and competitiveness in the marketplace, product life cycles, product development plans, and current and historical sales levels. Inventory write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory are recorded in cost of goods sold within the consolidated statement of operations during the period in which such write-downs are determined as necessary by management. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. This would have a negative impact on our gross margin in that period. If in any period we are able to sell inventories that were not valued or that had been written down in a previous period, related revenues would be recorded without any offsetting charge to cost of sales resulting in a net benefit to our gross margin in that period. For fiscal 2020, we recorded write-downs of $1.4 million for excess inventory and non-cancelable purchase commitments related to the discontinuation of Ooma Smart Cam in October 2019. Inventory write-downs recorded for fiscal 2021 and 2019 were not material. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 54   ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Interest Rates Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our cash equivalents and investments are held in money market funds, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency debt securities, commercial papers, corporate debt securities and asset-backed securities. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, we do not believe that an immediate 10% shift in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair value of our investment portfolio. We did not have any debt as of January 31, 2021 and 2020. Foreign Currencies To date, our revenue has been primarily denominated in U.S. dollars with a small portion denominated in Canadian dollars. As a result, some of our revenue is subject to fluctuations due to changes in the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar. Substantially all of our operating expenses have been denominated in U.S. dollars. The functional currency for all of our entities is the U.S. dollar. To date, gains and losses from foreign currency transactions have not been material to our consolidated financial statements, and we have not engaged in any foreign currency hedging transactions. A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in overall foreign currency rates would not have had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to managing the risks relating to fluctuations in currency rates. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 55       ITEM 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 56 57 60 61 62 63 64                                           REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Ooma, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ooma, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of January 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated April 7, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Change in Accounting Principle Effective February 1, 2019, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases due to the adoption of ASC Topic 842, Leases. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Revenue – Refer to Note 2 and 3 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from recurring subscription fees related to service plans such as Ooma Business, Ooma Residential and other communications services. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual service term. The Company’s service plans are generally sold as monthly subscriptions and these transactions are processed through the Company's internally developed operation support system, which is custom-built and interfaces with other systems for sales tax and usage tracking. The processing and recording of subscription revenue is highly automated and is based on contractual terms with its customers. Total Subscription and Services revenue for the year ended January 31, 2021 was $156.9 million. Given the complexity of the operation support system and the required involvement of professionals with expertise in IT to identify, test, and evaluate the revenue data flows, systems, and automated controls, we considered the audit of the Company’s revenue generating transactions to be a critical audit matter. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 57   How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the Company’s revenue generating transactions included the following, among others: • • • • • With the assistance of our IT specialists, we: – – Identified the significant systems used to process revenue transactions and tested the general IT controls over each of these systems, including testing of user access controls, change management controls, and IT operations controls. Performed testing of system interface controls and automated controls within the relevant revenue streams, as well as the controls designed to ensure the accuracy and completeness of revenue. Within the relevant revenue business processes, we tested internal controls that evaluate customer usage data output from the operation support system, for completeness and accuracy. We evaluated trends in the transactional and revenue activity data. We utilized customer usage data from the operation support system to develop an estimate of total subscription revenue and compared it to the amount recorded to test accuracy and completeness. We tested the accuracy of the usage data from the operation support system by comparing selected transactions to relevant supporting documents. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Jose, California April 7, 2021 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2012. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 58                   REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Ooma, Inc. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Ooma, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of January 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended January 31, 2021, of the Company and our report dated April 7, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Jose, California April 7, 2021 Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 59         OOMA, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Short-term investments Accounts receivable, net Inventories Other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Intangible assets, net Goodwill Other assets Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Deferred revenue Total current liabilities Long-term operating lease liabilities Other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock $0.0001 par value: 10 million shares authorized; none issued and outstanding Common stock $0.0001 par value: 100 million shares authorized; 22.9 million and 21.7 million shares issued and outstanding, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive income Accumulated deficit Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity See notes to consolidated financial statements. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 60 January 31, 2021 January 31, 2020 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 17,298 11,013 5,228 12,233 10,222 55,994 5,071 6,045 5,513 4,264 12,210 89,097 7,499 22,731 16,426 46,656 2,815 75 49,546 — 4 166,577 7 (127,037) 39,551 89,097 $ 11,680 14,384 4,591 8,369 8,992 48,016 5,270 8,057 6,818 4,264 8,186 80,611 8,499 22,576 15,797 46,872 5,150 174 52,196 — 4 152,993 14 (124,596) 28,415 80,611           Revenue: Subscription and services Product and other Total revenue Cost of revenue: Subscription and services Product and other Total cost of revenue Gross profit Operating expenses: Sales and marketing Research and development General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest and other income, net Loss before income taxes Income tax (provision) benefit Net loss Net loss per share of common stock: Basic and diluted Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding: Basic and diluted OOMA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Amounts in thousands, except shares and per share data) 2021 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 156,873 12,074 168,947 $ 139,499 12,094 151,593 46,134 18,009 64,143 104,804 50,919 36,079 20,581 107,579 (2,775) 419 (2,356) (85) (2,441) $ 43,748 18,464 62,212 89,381 50,497 37,770 20,825 109,092 (19,711) 780 (18,931) 130 (18,801) $ 116,429 12,802 129,231 36,108 16,632 52,740 76,491 40,761 33,903 17,613 92,277 (15,786) 830 (14,956) 384 (14,572) (0.11) $ (0.89) $ (0.74) 22,361,312 21,051,039 19,799,781 $ $ See notes to consolidated financial statements. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 61                 BALANCE - January 31, 2018 Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs Issuance of common stock for business acquisition Stock-based compensation Other comprehensive income Cumulative adjustment upon adoption of Topic 606 Net loss BALANCE - January 31, 2019 Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs Stock-based compensation Other comprehensive income Net loss BALANCE - January 31, 2020 Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs Stock-based compensation Other comprehensive loss Net loss BALANCE - January 31, 2021 OOMA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Amounts in thousands, except shares and share data) Common Stock and Additional Paid-In Capital Shares Amount Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Deficit Stockholders' Equity 19,115,434 $ 128,083 $ (84) $ (90,931) $ 1,374,336 (213,181) 35,513 — — — — 20,312,102 1,515,111 (111,085) — — — 21,716,128 1,279,820 (122,928) — — — 22,873,020 $ 2,935 (2,926) 390 10,370 — — — 138,852 2,951 (1,523) 12,717 — — 152,997 2,950 (1,641) 12,275 — — 166,581 $ See notes to consolidated financial statements. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 62 — — — — 74 — — (10) — — — 24 — 14 — — — (7) — 7 $ — — — — — (292) (14,572) (105,795) — — — — (18,801) (124,596) — — — — (2,441) (127,037) $ 37,068 2,935 (2,926) 390 10,370 74 (292) (14,572) 33,047 2,951 (1,523) 12,717 24 (18,801) 28,415 2,950 (1,641) 12,275 (7) (2,441) 39,551                 OOMA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Amounts in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Stock-based compensation expense Depreciation and amortization of capital expenditures Amortization of intangible assets and non-cash acquisition-related items Non-cash operating lease expense Non-cash restructuring charges Deferred income taxes Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net Inventories Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable and other liabilities Deferred revenue Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of short-term investments Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments Proceeds from sales of short-term investments Capital expenditures Business acquisition, net of cash assumed Payment for purchase of convertible note Net cash provided by investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common stock Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs Payment of credit facility issuance costs Payment of acquisition-related holdback Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at end of period Non-cash investing and financing activities: Capital expenditures included in accounts payable at period-end Acquisition-related consideration accrued at period-end Shares issued for business acquisition and related earn-out 2021 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 2019 $ (2,441) $ (18,801) $ (14,572) 12,275 2,877 1,304 3,198 — — 46 (637) (3,378) (5,496) (3,911) 530 4,367 (20,077) 22,866 600 (3,160) — — 229 2,905 (1,641) (242) — 1,022 5,618 11,680 17,298 $ 12,761 2,548 1,027 1,997 1,603 (144) (147) 135 407 (4,965) (4,089) 104 (7,564) (31,234) 38,522 5,924 (3,273) (7,073) — 2,866 2,951 (1,523) — (420) 1,008 (3,690) 15,370 11,680 $ 1 — — $ $ $ 413 — — $ $ $ 10,370 2,269 398 — — (384) (332) (1,050) (4,213) (5,334) 8,150 772 (3,926) (38,485) 53,736 5,225 (1,921) (2,402) (1,300) 14,853 2,886 (2,926) — — (40) 10,887 4,483 15,370 201 1,011 390 $ $ $ $ See notes to consolidated financial statements. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 63             Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1: Overview and Basis of Presentation Ooma, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Ooma” or the “Company”) create new communications experiences for businesses and consumers, delivered from its smart cloud-based SaaS and UCaaS platforms. The Company is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. Principles of Presentation and Consolidation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. Fiscal Year. The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 refer to the fiscal years ended January 31, 2021, January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019, respectively. Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, deferred commissions, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, operating lease assets and liabilities, regulatory fees and indirect tax accruals, loss contingencies, stock-based compensation, income taxes (including valuation allowances) and fair value measurements. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, where applicable, and other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, including but not limited to the potential impacts arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and assumptions are inherently subjective in nature. Therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates. Comprehensive Loss. For all periods presented, comprehensive loss approximated net loss in the consolidated statements of operations and differences were not material. Therefore, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss have been omitted. Segment Reporting. The chief operating decision maker for the Company is the chief executive officer, who reviews the Company’s financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company operates in a single reportable segment. Revenue was principally derived from customers located in the United States for all periods presented, with a small portion attributable to customers located in Canada and other countries. Long-lived assets located outside of the United States were not significant. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 64         Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 2: Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition The Company derives its revenue from two sources: (1) subscription and services revenue, which is derived primarily from the sale of subscription plans for communications services and other connected services; and (2) product and other revenue. Subscriptions and services are sold directly to end-customers. Products are sold to end-customers through several channels, including but not limited to distributors, retailers and resellers (collectively “channel partners”), and Ooma sales representatives. Under Topic 606, the Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: • • • • • identification of the contract(s) with a customer; identification of the performance obligations in the contract; determination of the transaction price; allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation Subscription and Services Revenue. Most of the Company’s revenue is derived from recurring subscription fees related to service plans such as Ooma Business, Ooma Residential and other communications services. Service plans are generally sold as monthly subscriptions; however, certain plans are also offered as annual or multi-year subscriptions. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual service term. A small portion of total revenue is recognized on an over-time basis from installation-related services and on a point-in-time basis from services such as: prepaid international calls, directory assistance, and advertisements displayed through its Talkatone mobile application. Product and Other Revenue. Product and other revenue is generated from the sale of on-premise appliances and end-point devices, and to a lesser extent from porting fees that enable customers to transfer their existing phone numbers. The Company recognizes revenue from sales to direct end-customers and channel partners at the point-in-time that control transfers, which is typically when it delivers the product or when all customer contractual provisions have been met, if any. The Company’s distribution agreements with channel partners typically contain clauses for price protection and right of return. Credits and/or rebates issued for expected product returns and sales incentives are deemed to be variable consideration under Topic 606, which the Company estimates and records as a reduction to revenue at the point of sale. Product returns and customer sales incentives are estimated based on the Company’s historical experience, current trends and expectations regarding future experience. As of January 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had total reserves for product returns and sales incentives of approximately $1.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Revenue is recorded net of any sales and telecommunications taxes collected from customers to be remitted to government authorities. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as product and other revenue. Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and classified as cost of revenue. Multiple performance obligations. The Company’s contracts with customers typically contain multiple performance obligations that consist of product(s) and related communications services. For these contracts, individual performance obligations are accounted for separately if they are distinct. The contract transaction price is then allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The Company determines the SSP for its communications services based on observable historical stand-alone sales to customers, for which a substantial majority of selling prices must fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range. The Company establishes SSP for its on-premise appliances and end-point devices based upon management’s best estimates and judgments, considering company-specific factors such as pricing strategies, discounting practices, and estimated product and other costs. Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments. All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive income. The cost of securities sold is based upon the specific identification method. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 65               Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The Company estimates and categorizes the fair value of its financial assets by applying the following hierarchy: ▪ ▪ ▪ Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2: Observable prices based on inputs not quoted in active markets but are corroborated by market data. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity Transfers among Level classifications are recognized as of the actual date of the events or change in circumstances that caused the transfers. The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and other current assets and current liabilities approximates fair value due to their short maturities. Concentration of Credit Risk. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and convertible note receivable. The Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments are held by financial institutions that management believes are of high-credit quality. Such investments and deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company performs credit evaluations of its channel partners’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral for sales made on credit. As of January 31, 2021, one customer accounted for 10% of the Company’s net accounts receivable balance. As of January 31, 2020, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net accounts receivable balance. Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated credit losses. Allowances are recorded based upon the Company’s assessment of several factors, including historical experience, aging of receivable balances and economic conditions. As of January 31, 2021 and 2020, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Bad debt expense recorded in the consolidated statement of operations was not material for the periods presented. Inventories. Inventories, which consist of raw materials and finished goods, include the cost to purchase manufactured products, allocated labor and overhead. Inventories are stated at the lower of actual cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company’s assessment of market value requires the use of estimates regarding the net realizable value of its inventory balances, including management’s assessment of excess or obsolete inventory based upon forecast demand and market conditions. Adjustments to reduce inventory to net realizable value are recognized as a component of cost of revenue in the consolidated statement of operations. Customer Acquisition Costs. Sales commissions and other costs paid to internal sales personnel, third-party sales entities and value-added resellers are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining customer contracts. (The resellers are selling agents for the Company and earn sales commissions that are directly tied to the value of the contracts that the Company enters with the end-user customers.) In accordance with Topic 606, these costs are capitalized and amortized on a systematic basis over the expected period of benefit of five years, or customer contractual term for multi-year contracts, calculated based on both qualitative and quantitative factors, such as expected subscription term and expected renewal periods of its customer contracts, product life cycles and customer attrition. Amortization expense is recorded in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company pays sales commissions on initial contracts and contracts for increased purchases with existing customers (expansion contracts) and does not pay commissions for contract renewals. The Company periodically evaluates whether there have been any changes in its business, the market conditions in which it operates or other events which would indicate that its amortization period should be changed or if there are potential indicators of impairment. To date, there have been no material impairment losses related to the costs capitalized. Internal-Use Website Development Costs. The Company capitalizes certain costs to develop its websites when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Such costs primarily include payroll-related costs for engineers and contractors directly associated with the development project. Capitalized website development costs are included in property and equipment and are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of two years. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 66   Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Property and Equipment, net. Property and equipment, net is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets, generally two to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Repairs and maintenance costs that do not extend the life or improve the asset are expensed as incurred. Operating Leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company’s leases primarily consist of real property and are classified as operating leases. The Company does not have any finance leases nor material arrangements as a lessor. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based upon the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease terms may include options to renew or extend when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single component. Short-term leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Financial results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after February 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported under Topic 840. Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment arise. The Company has a single reporting unit and consequently evaluates goodwill for impairment based on an evaluation of the fair value of the Company as a whole. No impairment has been recognized for any of the periods presented. Intangible Assets. Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill, which primarily consist of developed technology and customer relationships, are amortized over their useful lives unless the lives are determined to be indefinite. For intangible assets acquired in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish their recorded values. Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used to measure fair value. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, capitalized website development costs, and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. During fiscal 2020, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.7 million to cost of product revenue for abandoned developed technology and trade names associated with the Ooma Smart Cam, which was acquired through the fiscal 2018 acquisition of Butterfleye, Inc. and discontinued in October 2019. The Company did not record any material impairment charges for fiscal 2021 or fiscal 2019. Research and Development. Research and development costs are charged to operating expenses as incurred in the consolidated statements of operations, except for internal-use website development costs that qualify for capitalization, as per above. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for employees and contractors, including stock-based compensation, as well as license and product certification fees, and allocated costs of facilities and information technology. Advertising. Advertising costs are included in sales and marketing and expensed as incurred, except for production costs associated with television and radio advertising, which are expensed on the first date of airing. Advertising costs were $12.2 million, $13.6 million and $13.7 million for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Advertising payments to the Company’s channel partners recorded as a reduction in revenue totaled $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 67   Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and non-employee directors is measured at the grant date fair value of the equity award. The fair value of options granted and purchase rights under the Company’s ESPP are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model. The fair value of each RSU granted is determined using the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are recorded in the period in which they occur. Income Taxes. Income taxes are recorded using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income (loss) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. A tax position is recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. A tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as income tax expense. The Company had no interest or penalty accruals associated with uncertain tax benefits in its consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations for any periods presented. Foreign currency. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. Remeasurement and transaction gains and losses are included in interest and other income, net and were not material for any periods presented. Adopted Accounting Standards Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. On February 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaced the legacy incurred loss impairment model with an expected credit loss model. The Company’s accounts receivable, convertible note receivable and available-for-sale debt securities were subject to this standard. The standard was adopted using the modified retrospective transition method, with no adjustment to accumulated deficit. Adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company will continue to actively monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its estimate of expected credit losses. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies certain aspects of the accounting for income as well as clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The Company is adopting the new guidance on February 1, 2021 and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 68       Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 3: Revenue and Deferred Revenue Disaggregated revenue Revenue disaggregated by revenue source consisted of the following (in thousands): Subscription and services revenue Product and other revenue Total revenue 2021 2020 2019 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, $ $ 156,873 12,074 168,947 $ $ 139,499 12,094 151,593 $ $ 116,429 12,802 129,231 The Company derived approximately 54%, 58% and 68% of its total revenue from Ooma Residential and approximately 44%, 39% and 28% from Ooma Business in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. No individual country outside of the United States represented 10% or more of total revenue for the periods presented. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the periods presented. Deferred revenue Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of meeting revenue recognition criteria. Deferred services revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the term of the contract as the services are provided. Subscription and services Product and other Total deferred revenue Less: current deferred revenue Non-current deferred revenue included in other long-term liabilities January 31, 2021 As of 16,433 68 16,501 16,426 75 $ $ $ $ $ January 31, 2020 15,892 79 15,971 15,797 174 During fiscal 2021, the Company recognized revenue of approximately $15.7 million pertaining to amounts deferred as of January 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2021, the Company’s deferred revenue balance was primarily composed of subscription contracts that were invoiced during fiscal 2021. Remaining performance obligations As of January 31, 2021, contract revenue that has not yet been recognized for open contracts with an original expected length of greater than one year was approximately $8.0 million. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 54% of this amount over the next 12 months, with the balance to be recognized thereafter. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 69                     Note 4: Fair Value Measurements The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the fair value hierarchy were as follows (in thousands): Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Cash and cash equivalents: Money market funds U.S. agency securities U.S. treasury securities Total cash equivalents Cash Total cash and cash equivalents Short-term investments: U.S. treasury securities Corporate debt securities Asset-backed securities Commercial paper Total short-term investments Level 1 Balance as of January 31, 2021 Level 2 Total Level 1 Balance as of January 31, 2020 Level 2 Total $ $ $ $ 1,657 — 250 1,907 $ $ 9,782 — — — 9,782 $ $ — 1,000 — 1,000 — 929 302 — 1,231 $ $ $ $ $ 1,657 1,000 250 2,907 14,391 17,298 9,782 929 302 — 11,013 $ $ $ $ 4,822 — — 4,822 $ $ 4,492 — — — 4,492 $ $ — — — — — 3,504 906 5,482 9,892 $ $ $ $ $ 4,822 — — 4,822 6,858 11,680 4,492 3,504 906 5,482 14,384 The Company classifies its cash equivalents and short-term investments as Level 1 or Level 2 because it uses quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine their fair value. For the periods presented, the amortized cost of cash equivalents and marketable securities approximated their fair value and there were no material realized or unrealized gains or losses, either individually or in the aggregate. The Company had no material Level 3 assets or liabilities and there have been no transfers between levels. The contractual maturities of short-term investments as of January 31, 2021 were all less than one year in duration. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 70             Note 5: Balance Sheet Components The following sections and tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in thousands): Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Inventories Finished goods Raw materials Total inventory Property and equipment, net Computer hardware and software Network and engineering equipment Website development costs Customer premise equipment Office furniture and fixtures Leasehold improvements Total property and equipment Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization Property and equipment, net $ $ $ Estimated life (in years) 3-4 3-5 2 3 5 1-5 January 31, 2021 As of 11,057 1,176 12,233 $ $ January 31, 2020 January 31, 2021 January 31, 2020 As of $ 6,944 4,164 3,191 2,041 124 418 16,882 (11,811) $ 5,071 $ Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment totaled $2.9 million, $2.5 million and $2.3 million in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other current and non-current assets Deferred sales commissions, current Prepaid expenses Convertible note receivable, including accrued interest Deferred inventory costs Other current assets Total other current assets Deferred sales commissions, non-current Other non-current assets Total other non-current assets January 31, 2020 January 31, 2021 As of $ 4,689 3,152 1,605 381 395 10,222 $ 11,474 736 $ 12,210 $ $ $ $ $ 6,988 1,381 8,369 7,046 3,479 2,689 691 124 420 14,449 (9,179) 5,270 2,525 2,739 1,453 867 1,408 8,992 7,412 774 8,186 Customer Acquisition Costs. Amortization expense for total deferred sales commissions was $3.9 million, $2.2 million and $0.7 million for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Global Telecom Corporation (“GTC”). In December 2018, the Company invested $1.3 million in cash in GTC, a privately-held technology company, in exchange for a convertible promissory note that will convert to shares of GTC stock upon the occurrence of certain future events. The convertible note and related interest is currently payable upon the Company’s demand. The Company has also partnered with GTC on certain research and development and inventory procurement activities. GTC is a variable interest entity for accounting purposes and the Company does not consolidate GTC into its financial statements because the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss is equal to the carrying value of the convertible note receivable, including accrued interest. Additionally, as of January Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 71                       31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s non-cancelable purchase commitments with GTC were zero and $2.2 million, respectively. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Payroll and related expenses Regulatory fees and taxes Short-term operating lease liabilities Customer sales incentives Other Total accrued expenses January 31, 2021 As of 11,062 4,141 3,831 1,016 2,681 22,731 $ $ $ $ January 31, 2020 Note 6: Acquired Intangible Assets The gross value, accumulated amortization and carrying values of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands): As of January 31, 2021 Customer relationships Developed technology Trade names Total intangible assets Estimated life (in years) 5-7 5 5 $ $ Gross Value 6,735 1,809 564 9,108 Amortization expense was $1.3 million, $1.2 million and $0.7 million in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At January 31, 2021, the estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ending January 31, 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter Total Accumulated Amortization $ (1,908) $ (1,385) (302) (3,595) $ $ As of January 31, 2020 Carrying Value Carrying Value 4,827 424 262 5,513 $ $ Total $ $ 8,942 4,777 3,263 1,293 4,301 22,576 5,841 622 355 6,818 1,305 1,305 940 852 833 278 5,513 Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 72                   Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 7: Operating Leases The Company leases its headquarters located in Sunnyvale, California, as well as office and data center space in several locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements, with expiration dates through fiscal 2025. The lease agreements often include escalating rent payments, renewal provisions and other provisions which require the Company to pay common area maintenance costs, property taxes and insurance. The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands): Assets Operating lease right-of-use assets Total leased assets Liabilities Short-term operating lease liabilities Long-term operating lease liabilities Total lease liabilities Weighted-average remaining lease term Weighted-average discount rate As of January 31, 2021 January 31, 2020 $ $ $ $ 6,045 6,045 3,831 2,815 6,646 $ $ $ $ 8,057 8,057 3,263 5,150 8,413 2.2 years 4.62% 2.6 years 5.36% Operating lease right-of-use assets and long-term operating lease liabilities are included on the face of the consolidated balance sheet. Short-term operating lease liabilities are presented within accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The components of lease expense under Topic 842 were as follows (in thousands): Operating lease costs (1) Variable lease costs (2) Total lease cost (1) Recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Includes rent for leases with initial terms of twelve months or less, which were not material. (2) Primarily included common area maintenance, utilities and property taxes and insurance, which were expensed as incurred. Total lease costs for fiscal 2019 were $3.4 million under Topic 840. Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2021 2020 $ $ 3,947 948 4,895 $ $ 2,796 1,062 3,858 In October 2017, the Company entered into an office sublease agreement with Fiserv Solutions, LLC (“Fiserv”) to lease approximately 33,400 rentable square feet of an office building located in Sunnyvale, California, the Company’s corporate headquarters. During the lease term, one of the members of the Company’s board of directors was also a member of Fiserv’s board of directors. The Company incurred total lease costs under this sublease agreement of approximately $1.0 million and $1.2 million for fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, which were included in total lease costs above. This sublease expired at the end of November 2019. In the third quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company entered into a new sublease agreement with an unrelated third party to lease its current corporate headquarters in Sunnyvale, California from December 1, 2019 through January 31, 2022. Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands): Cash payments for operating leases Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new operating lease obligations Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2021 2020 $ $ 3,343 1,196 $ $ 2,148 5,856 Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 73                       As of January 31, 2021, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Fiscal Years Ending January 31, 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total lease payments Less: imputed interest Present value of lease liabilities Note 8: Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance The Company had shares of common stock reserved for issuance as follows (in thousands): Restricted stock units outstanding Options to purchase common stock Shares available for future issuance under stock plans Shares reserved under ESPP Total shares reserved for issuance January 31, 2021 $ $ January 31, 2021 As of 1,441 1,366 1,887 1,131 5,825 January 31, 2020 3,919 1,628 1,242 200 6,989 (343) 6,646 1,657 1,416 1,530 903 5,506 Stock Options. Under the Company's 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2015 Plan, options to purchase shares of common stock may be granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. These options vest from the date of grant to up to four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. Options may be exercised anytime during their term in accordance with the vesting/exercise schedule specified in the recipient’s stock option agreement and in accordance with the 2015 plan provisions. Stock option activity for fiscal 2021 was as follows: Balance as of January 31, 2020 Granted Exercised Canceled Balance as of January 31, 2021 Vested and exercisable as of January 31, 2021 Shares (in thousands) Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) $ 1,416 133 $ (171) $ (12) $ $ $ 1,366 1,179 7.35 10.61 5.26 5.11 7.95 7.31 $ $ $ 8,530 7,803 7,427 The aggregate intrinsic value of vested options exercised during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $1.4 million, $2.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $4.72, $7.13 and $5.28, respectively. Restricted Stock Units. Under the 2015 Plan, RSUs may be granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. These RSUs vest ratably over a period ranging from one to four years, and are subject to the participant’s continuing service to the Company over that period. Until vested, RSUs do not have the voting and dividend participation rights of common stock and the shares underlying the awards are not considered issued and outstanding. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 74                   RSU activity for fiscal 2021 and 2020 was as follows: Balance as of January 31, 2019 Granted Vested Canceled Balance as of January 31, 2020 Granted Vested Canceled Balance as of January 31, 2021 Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Shares (in thousands) Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share 1,925 1,035 (1,038) (265) 1,657 769 (904) (81) 1,441 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 10.49 14.91 10.64 12.56 12.82 11.04 11.76 12.83 12.54 Vested RSUs included shares of common stock that the Company withheld on behalf of certain employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements, as defined by the Company. The Company withheld an aggregate amount of $1.6 million, $1.5 million and $2.9 million in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which were classified as financing cash outflows in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company canceled and returned these shares to the 2015 Plan, which are available under the plan terms for future issuance. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation (subject to plan limitations). The ESPP provides for a 24- month offering period comprised of four purchase periods of approximately six months. Employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of the first date or the ending date of each six-month offering period. The offering periods are scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after March 15 and September 15 of each year. During fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, employees purchased 0.2 million, 0.2 million and 0.3 million shares, respectively, at a weighted purchase price of $9.98, $9.97 and $6.82 per share, respectively. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 75             Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 9: Stock-Based Compensation Total stock-based compensation recognized for stock-based awards in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands): Cost of revenue Sales and marketing Research and development General and administrative Total stock-based compensation expense 2021 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 1,015 1,910 4,267 5,083 12,275 $ $ 1,262 1,929 4,610 4,960 12,761 $ $ 920 1,442 3,762 4,246 10,370 The income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense was zero for all periods presented due to a full valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets (see Note 10: Income Taxes below). As of January 31, 2021, there was $18.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, stock options and ESPP that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2 years. The fair value of employee stock options and ESPP was estimated using the Black–Scholes model with the following assumptions, as applicable: Stock Options: Expected volatility Expected term (in years) Risk-free interest rate Dividend yield ESPP: Expected volatility Expected term (in years) Risk-free interest rate Dividend yield 2021 47% 6.1 0.6% NA 2021 46%-83% 0.5-2.0 0.1%-0.4% NA Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 44% 6.1 2.5% NA Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 40%-51% 0.5-2.0 1.7%-2.5% NA 2019 43% 6.1 2.7 NA 2019 39%-56% 0.5-2.0 2.0%-2.8% NA The expected term of options granted to employees is based on the simplified method as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data, and the expected term of the ESPP is based on the contractual term. Expected volatility is derived from a combination of the average historical volatility of the Company’s own common stock and a group of comparable publicly traded companies. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 76                     Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 10: Income Taxes Loss before income taxes consisted of the following components (in thousands): United States Foreign Loss before income taxes 2021 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2020 2019 $ $ (120) $ (2,236) (2,356) $ (17,051) $ (1,880) (18,931) $ (13,497) (1,459) (14,956) Income tax provision (benefit) differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax loss as a result of the following (dollars in thousands): 2021 Rate 2020 Rate 2019 Rate Fiscal Year Ended January 31, Federal tax at statutory rate State taxes, net of federal benefit Foreign income and withholding taxes Permanent tax adjustment Section 162(m) Stock-based compensation Change in valuation allowance Research and development credit Other $ Income tax provision (benefit) at effective tax rate $ (495) 75 (87) 163 598 (251) 185 (243) 140 85 21% $ (3)% 3% (7)% (25)% 11% (8)% 10% (6)% (4)% $ (3,975) 12 (98) 114 606 (624) 5,445 (1,279) (331) (130) 21% $ — 1% (1)% (3)% 3% (29)% 7% 2% 1% $ (3,141) (494) (105) 352 491 (991) 5,603 (2,155) 56 (384) The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands): Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards Tax credit carryover Operating lease right-of-use assets Stock-based compensation Acquired intangible assets Deferred revenue Other Gross deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Net deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Operating lease liabilities Accruals and reserves Fixed assets depreciation Gross deferred tax liabilities Net deferred taxes 2021 2020 As of January 31, $ $ $ $ $ 40,624 8,963 1,686 1,101 53 19 14 52,460 (49,566) 2,894 (1,533) (1,265) (96) (2,894) — $ $ $ $ $ 21% 3% 1% (2)% (4)% 7% (37)% 14% — 3% 38,407 8,171 2,131 1,167 (16) 44 184 50,088 (47,792) 2,296 (2,042) (130) (124) (2,296) — Management believes that, based upon the available evidence, both positive and negative, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized, such that a full valuation allowance has been recorded. The net change in the total valuation allowance for fiscal 2021 and 2020 were increases of $1.8 million and $13.5 million, respectively. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 77                       Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements As of January 31, 2021, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $123.3 million and $70.2 million, respectively, available to offset future taxable income. If not utilized, these available carryforward losses will expire in various amounts for federal and state tax purposes beginning in 2030. In addition, the Company had research and development tax credits for federal and state purposes of approximately $8.4 million and $8.3 million, respectively, available to offset future taxes. If not utilized, the available federal credits will begin to expire in 2030. California state research and development tax credits can be carried forward indefinitely. Uncertain Tax Positions The Company has unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $6.6 million as of January 31, 2021. Deferred tax assets associated with these unrecognized tax benefits are fully offset by a valuation allowance. If recognized, these benefits would not affect the effective tax rate before consideration of the valuation allowance. The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): Balance at January 31, 2019 Increase related to current year tax positions Balance at January 31, 2020 Decrease related to prior year positions Increase related to current year tax positions Balance at January 31, 2021 $ $ 4,425 1,592 6,017 (362) 987 6,642 The Company had no interest or penalty accruals associated with uncertain tax benefits in its balance sheets and statements of operations. The Company does not have any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible the total amount of gross unrecognized benefits will increase or decrease within 12 months of the year ended January 31, 2021. Because the Company has net operating loss and credit carryforwards, there are open statutes of limitations in which federal, state and foreign taxing authorities may examine the Company’s tax returns for all years from 2009 through the current period. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and the Consolidated Appropriations Act (“CAA”), were enacted on March 27, 2020 and December 27, 2020, respectively, to respond to the economic challenges due to COVID-19. The Company reviewed the tax law changes included in the CARES Act and the CAA, and determined there was no material impact to its effective tax rate. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 78           Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies Purchase Commitments As of January 31, 2021 and 2020, non-cancelable purchase commitments with the Company’s contract manufacturers and other parties were $5.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively. Legal Proceedings In addition to the litigation matters described below, from time to time, the Company may be involved in a variety of other claims, lawsuits, investigations, and proceedings relating to contractual disputes, intellectual property rights, employment matters, regulatory compliance matters, and other litigation matters relating to various claims that arise in the normal course of business. Defending such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees, the Company may receive unfavorable preliminary or interim rulings in the course of litigation, and there can be no assurances that favorable final outcomes will be obtained. The Company determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company assesses its potential liability by analyzing specific litigation and regulatory matters using reasonably available information. The Company develops its views on estimated losses in consultation with inside and outside counsel, which involves a subjective analysis of potential results and outcomes, assuming various combinations of appropriate litigation and settlement strategies. Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. As of January 31, 2021, the Company does not have any accrued liabilities recorded for loss contingencies in its consolidated financial statements. Oregon Tax Litigation On August 30, 2016, the Oregon Department of Revenue (the “DOR”) issued tax assessments against the Company for the Oregon Emergency Communications Tax (the “Tax”), which the DOR alleges Ooma should have collected from its subscribers in Oregon and remitted to the DOR during the period between January 1, 2013 and March 31, 2016 (collectively, the “Assessments”). The Company believes that the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution bars the application of the Tax and the Assessments to the Company, since the Company has no employees, property or other indicia of a “substantial nexus” with the State of Oregon. On March 2, 2020, Oregon Tax Court issued a decision upholding the Assessments. On April 1, 2020, the Company filed a Notice of Appeal with the Supreme Court of the State of Oregon. However, litigation is unpredictable and there can be no assurances that the Company will obtain a favorable final outcome or that it will be able to avoid further unfavorable interim rulings in the course of litigation that may significantly add to the expense of its defense and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. Through January 31, 2020, the Company recorded and paid cumulative charges of $0.6 million as its best estimate of probable loss related to the Assessments. No additional charges were recorded during the year ended January 31, 2021. Chiu Litigation On February 3, 2021, plaintiff Fiona Chiu filed a class action complaint against the Company and Ooma Canada Inc. in the Federal Court of Canada, alleging violations of Canada’s Trademarks Act and Competition Act. The complaint seeks monetary and other damages and/or injunctive relief enjoining the Company to cease describing and marketing its Basic Home Phone using the word “free” or otherwise representing that it is free. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously against this complaint. Based on the Company’s current knowledge, the Company has determined that the amount of any loss resulting from the Chiu Litigation is not estimable. Indemnification The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for certain losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. In some cases, the term of these indemnification agreements is perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future but have not yet been made. The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 79     other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has director and officer insurance coverage that reduces the Company’s exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. To date the Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. No liability associated with such indemnifications has been recorded to date. Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 12: Financing Arrangements Revolving Credit Facility On January 8, 2021, the Company, as borrower, entered into a credit and security agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with KeyBank National Association as Administrative Agent (the “Agent”) and lender, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. as sole lead arranger and sole book runner. The Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) under which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $25 million, which includes a $10 million sub-facility for letters of credit. The Company and its lenders may increase the total commitments under the Credit Facility to up to an aggregate amount of $45 million, subject to certain conditions. Funds borrowed under the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. Loans under the Credit Agreement will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either a rate equal to the “Base Rate” (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or (b) “Eurodollar Rate” (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 2.50%. The Base Rate is the highest of (i) the Agent’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%, and (iii) the Eurodollar Rate with an interest period of one month plus 1%. The Eurodollar Rate is the London Interbank Offered Rate with various interest periods as may be selected by the Company but shall not be less than 0.75%. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the interest rate on any borrowings increases by 2.0%. The Credit Agreement also contains customary provisions for the replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate/Eurodollar Rate. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Credit Facility of 0.25% per annum. The Credit Agreement will terminate and all amounts owing thereunder will be due and payable on the earlier of January 7, 2024 or 90 days prior to the scheduled maturity of any convertible debt securities, unless the commitments are terminated earlier, either at the request of the Company or, if an event of default occurs, by the lenders (or automatically in the case of certain bankruptcy-related events). The Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and indemnification provisions in favor of the Agent, lenders and their affiliates. Among other covenants, the Credit Agreement includes restrictive financial covenants that require the Company to meet minimum recurring revenue levels and maintain specified amounts of available liquidity on a quarterly basis. As of January 31, 2021, the Company had zero outstanding borrowings and was in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement. Accordingly, $25 million of borrowing capacity was available for the purposes permitted by the Credit Agreement. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 80     Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 13: Business Acquisitions Broadsmart Global, Inc. On May 24, 2019, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of Broadsmart, a provider of cloud-based UCaaS solutions based in Florida. The cash consideration transferred for Broadsmart was $7.1 million, net of cash assumed of $0.6 million. The Company acquired Broadsmart to provide scale for the Ooma Office and Ooma Enterprise platforms, which aligns with the Company’s overall enterprise growth strategy. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition was as follows (in thousands): Cash Accounts receivable Other current and non-current assets Intangible assets Goodwill Accounts payable and other liabilities Net assets acquired $ $ Fair Value 649 1,003 639 6,107 366 (1,043) 7,721 Intangible assets acquired consisted of customer relationships of $5.8 million and trade names of $0.3 million. The goodwill recognized was attributable to the assembled workforce and expanded market opportunities when integrating Broadsmart’s offerings with Ooma Business. The acquisition of Broadsmart was treated as an asset purchase for income tax purpose, and therefore, the transaction did not result in the recording of deferred taxes as the Company's tax basis in the acquired assets equaled its book basis. The resulting goodwill from this acquisition was deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. Broadsmart revenue included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from the May 24, 2019 acquisition date through January 31, 2020 was approximately $7.0 million. On an unaudited pro forma basis, had the Broadsmart acquisition been included in the Company’s consolidated results of operations beginning February 1, 2018, the Company’s total revenue for fiscal 2020 and 2019 would have approximated $153 million and $138 million, respectively. These pro forma revenue amounts were adjusted to exclude revenue associated with a legacy Broadsmart customer that was not expected to be a continuing customer for the combined entity. These pro forma revenue amounts do not necessarily represent what would have occurred if the business combination had taken place on February 1, 2018, nor do these amounts represent the results that may occur in the future. Actual and pro forma net loss for the Broadsmart acquisition have not been presented because the impact was not material to the Company's consolidated statement of operations. Voxter Communications, Inc. On March 12, 2018, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of Voxter, a provider of UCaaS offerings based in Vancouver, British Columbia. The acquisition date fair value consideration transferred for Voxter was approximately $3.9 million, which primarily consisted of cash and common stock. The final purchase price allocation included identifiable intangible assets of approximately $2.1 million, net assets acquired of approximately $0.4 million, deferred tax liabilities of approximately $0.4 million and residual goodwill of approximately $2.0 million, based on the best estimates of management. The goodwill recognized was attributable primarily to expected synergies in the acquired technologies that may be leveraged by the Company in future Ooma Business offerings. Goodwill was not deductible for U.S. or Canadian income tax purposes. Actual and pro forma results of operations for the Voxter acquisition have not been presented because the impact was not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 81             Ooma, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 14: Net Loss Per Share Basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing the net loss allocable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is the same as basic net loss per share because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive because the Company reported net losses for all periods presented. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data): Numerator Net loss Denominator Weighted-average common shares Basic and diluted net loss per share 2021 2020 2019 Fiscal Year Ended January 31, $ $ (2,441) $ (18,801) $ (14,572) 22,361,312 (0.11) $ 21,051,039 (0.89) $ 19,799,781 (0.74) Potentially dilutive securities of approximately 3.3 million, 3.2 million and 3.9 million were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These shares include the Company’s outstanding RSUs, outstanding stock options and shares to be purchased under the ESPP at the end of the respective purchase period. In the event the Company reported net income for the periods presented, a portion of these outstanding securities would be reflected in weighted-average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury method. Note 15: Retirement Plan The Company offers a qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan to eligible full-time employees that provides for discretionary employer matching and profit-sharing contributions. The Company matches the lower of 50% of employee contributions or 50% of the first 6% of each employee’s eligible compensation that is contributed to the 401(k) plan. Contributions made by the Company vest 100% upon contribution and are expensed as incurred as compensation costs. The Company’s matching contributions to the plan were $0.7 million for each of the fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019. Note 16: Subsequent Event (unaudited) On April 6, 2021, the Company entered into a sublease amendment for its corporate headquarters in Sunnyvale, California, which remains subject to the consent of the master landlord. The amendment extends the term of the existing sublease from January 2022 until March 2029. The total rental payments associated with the sublease extension are approximately $11.1 million for February 2022 onwards. The Company is also required to pay common area maintenance costs, property taxes and insurance, in accordance with the terms of the existing sublease. As a result of the sublease amendment, the Company will remeasure its operating lease right-of-use asset and corresponding operating lease liability to account for the estimated rental payments associated with the extended sublease term. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 82           ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our Management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of January 31, 2021. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of January 31, 2021, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on the assessment, management has concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 31, 2021 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended January 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness. Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. ITEM 9B. Other Information On April 6, 2021, we entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to our Sublease Agreement, dated as of August 6, 2019, with Alibaba Group (U.S.) Inc. for our corporate headquarters in Sunnyvale, California. Subject to the consent of the master landlord, the Amendment extends the term of the existing sublease from January 2022 until March 2029. The total rental payments associated with the sublease extension are approximately $11.1 million for February 2022 onwards. The Company is also required to pay common area maintenance costs, property taxes and insurance, in accordance with the terms of the existing sublease. The foregoing description of the Amendment is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amendment, which will be filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2021. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 83             ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance PART III The information required by this item will be included under the caption “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” in our Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, which we refer to as our 2021 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference. The Company has a “Code of Ethics and Business Conduct for Employees, Officers and Directors” that applies to all of our employees, including our Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and our Board of Directors. A copy of this code is available on our website at http://investors.ooma.com. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct for Employees, Officers and Directors by posting such information on our investor relations website under the heading “Corporate Governance—Governance Documents” at http://investors.ooma.com. ITEM 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this item will be included under the captions “Executive Compensation” and under the subheadings “Board’s Role in Risk Oversight, “Outside Director Compensation,” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” under the heading “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” in the 2021 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by this item will be included under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and under the subheading “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” under the heading “Executive Compensation” in the 2021 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by this item will be included under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—Director Independence” in the 2021 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information required by this item will be included under the caption “Proposal Two: Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accountants” in the 2021 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 84         ITEM 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Documents filed as part of this report are as follows: (a) Consolidated Financial Statements PART IV Our Consolidated Financial Statements are listed in the “Index” Under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (b) Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules All financial statement schedules are omitted because the information called for is not required or is shown either in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto. (c) Exhibits The exhibits filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed in the Exhibit Index below. We have identified in the Exhibit Index each management contract and compensation plan filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K in response to Item 15(a)(3) of Form 10-K. The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this report are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K). ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary None. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 85             EXHIBITS Filed / Furnished / Incorporated by Reference from Form Incorporated by Reference from Exhibit Number Exhibit Number 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 10.1+ 10.2+ 10.3+ 10.4+ 10.5+   Amended and Restated Certification of Incorporation Description   Amended and Restated Bylaws   Form of common stock certificate.   Fourth Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders dated as of April 24, 2015.   Form of Senior Indenture   Form of Subordinated Indenture   Description of Securities   2005 Stock Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder.   2015 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder.   2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of agreement thereunder.   Executive Incentive Bonus Plan.   Executive Change in Control and Severance Agreement by and between the Company and Eric B. Stang, dated June 9, 2015. 10.6+   Form of Executive Change in Control and Severance Agreement 10.7+   Offer Letter by and between the Company and James A. Gustke, dated July 30, 2010. 10.8   Change in Control Letter Agreement between the Company and James A. Gustke, dated August 31, 2016. 10.9   Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers. 10.10+   Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (effective for grants made on or after March 14, 2018). Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 86 10-Q 10-Q S-1/A S-1 S-3 S-3 10-K S-1 S-1/A S-1/A S-1 S-1 S-1 S-1 10-K S-1 10-Q 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.1 Date Filed 9/11/2015 9/11/2015 7/6/2015 6/15/2015 12/23/2019 12/23/2019 4/14/2020 6/15/2015 7/6/2015 7/6/2015 6/15/2015 6/15/2015 6/15/2015 6/15/2015 4/11/2017 6/15/2015 06/08/2018                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Exhibit Number Description Filed / Furnished / Incorporated by Reference from Form Incorporated by Reference from Exhibit Number Date Filed 10.11   Sublease Agreement dated as of August 6, 2019 by and among the Company and Alibaba Group 10-Q 10.1 12/06/2019 (U.S.) Inc. 10.12**   Credit and Security Agreement by and among the Company and KeyBank National Association, Filed herewith. 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 dated as of January 8, 2021   List of subsidiaries of the Registrant.   Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.   Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Rule 13(a)‑14(a)/15d- 14(a), by President and Chief Executive Officer.   Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Rule 13(a)‑14(a)/15d- 14(a), by Chief Financial Officer. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. 32.1   Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Furnished herewith. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by President and Chief Executive Officer. 32.2   Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Furnished herewith. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Chief Financial Officer. 101.INS   Inline XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104   Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) + Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. ** Pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K, certain confidential portions of this exhibit were omitted by means of marking such portions with an asterisk because the identified confidential portions (i) are not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed. Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 87                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES April 7, 2021 Ooma, Inc.  By:  /s/ Eric B. Stang  Eric B. Stang  President and Chief Executive Officer POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Eric B. Stang, Ravi Narula and Jenny C. Yeh, and each of them individually, as his or her attorney-in-fact, each with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same with, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his or her substitute, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Signature /s/ Eric B. Stang Eric B. Stang /s/ Ravi Narula Ravi Narula /s/ Susan Butenhoff Susan Butenhoff /s/ Andrew Galligan Andrew Galligan /s/ Peter J. Goettner Peter J. Goettner /s/ Judi A. Hand Judi A. Hand /s/ Russell Mann Russell Mann /s/ William D. Pearce William D. Pearce /s/ Jenny Yeh Jenny Yeh Title President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors (Principal Executive Officer) Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Director Director Director Director Director Lead Director Vice President, General Counsel and Director Ooma | FY2021 Form 10-K | 88 Date April 7, 2021 April 7, 2021 April 7, 2021 April 7, 2021 April 7, 2021 April 7, 2021 April 7, 2021 April 7, 2021 April 7, 2021                                                                                                                         Pursuant to 17 CFR 229.601, certain identified information marked “[***]” has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed. ========================================================================================================================================== Exhibit 10.12 CREDIT AND SECURITY AGREEMENT among OOMA, INC. as Borrower THE LENDERS NAMED HEREIN as Lenders and KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION as Administrative Agent and Issuing Lender KEYBANC CAPITAL MARKETS INC. as Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Book Runner _____________________ dated as of January 8, 2021 _____________________ ==========================================================================================================================================                                                     TABLE OF CONTENTS Interest   Amount and Nature of Credit   Revolving Credit Commitment   Definitions   Accounting Terms   Terms Generally   Divisions   Certain Collateral Matters   Evidence of Indebtedness   Notice of Loans; Funding of Loans   Payment on Loans and Other Obligations   Prepayment   Commitment and Other Fees   Modifications to Commitment   Computation of Interest and Fees   Mandatory Payments   Cash Collateral   Swap Obligations Keepwell Provision ARTICLE I.  DEFINITIONS Section 1.1. Section 1.2.   Section 1.3.   Section 1.4.   Section 1.5.   ARTICLE II.  AMOUNT AND TERMS OF CREDIT Section 2.1.   Section 2.2.   Section 2.3.   Section 2.4.   Section 2.5.   Section 2.6.   Section 2.7.   Section 2.8.   Section 2.9.   Section 2.10.   Section 2.11.   Section 2.12.   Section 2.13.   ARTICLE III.  ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO EURODOLLAR LOANS; INCREASED CAPITAL; TAXES Section 3.1.   Section 3.2.   Section 3.3.   Section 3.4.   Section 3.5.   Section 3.6.   Section 3.7.   Section 3.8.   ARTICLE IV.  CONDITIONS PRECEDENT Section 4.1.   Section 4.2.   Section 4.3.   ARTICLE V.  COVENANTS Section 5.1.   Section 5.2.   Section 5.3. Section 5.4.   Section 5.5.   Section 5.6.   Section 5.7.   Section 5.8.   Section 5.9.   Section 5.10.   Section 5.11.   Section 5.12.   Section 5.13.   Section 5.14.     Requirements of Law   Taxes   Funding Losses   Change of Lending Office   Eurodollar Rate Lending Unlawful; Inability to Determine Rate   Replacement of Lenders   Discretion of Lenders as to Manner of Funding   Benchmark Replacement Setting   Money Obligations   Financial Statements and Information   Financial Records   Franchises; Change in Business   ERISA Pension and Benefit Plan Compliance   Financial Covenants   Borrowing   Liens   Regulations T, U and X   Conditions to Each Credit Event   Conditions to the First Credit Event   Post-Closing Conditions   Merger and Sale of Assets   Acquisitions   Notice Investments, Loans and Guaranties Insurance i Page 1 1 33 34 34 34 34 34 35 39 40 40 41 42 42 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 51 52 52 53 53 54 56 56 56 58 59 59 60 60 62 62 62 63 63 65 68 68 71 72 73                                                                                                                     TABLE OF CONTENTS Page   Restricted Payments   Environmental Compliance   Affiliate Transactions   Use of Proceeds   Corporate Names and Locations of Collateral   Subsidiary Guaranties, Security Documents and Pledge of Stock or Other Ownership Interest   Collateral   Property Acquired Subsequent to the Closing Date and Right to Take Additional Collateral   Restrictive Agreements   Amendment of Organizational Documents   Fiscal Year   Further Assurances   Beneficial Ownership Section 5.15.   Section 5.16.   Section 5.17.   Section 5.18.   Section 5.19.   Section 5.20.   Section 5.21.   Section 5.22.   Section 5.23.   Section 5.24.   Section 5.25.   Section 5.26.   Section 5.27.   ARTICLE VI.  REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES Section 6.1.   Section 6.2.   Section 6.3.   Section 6.4.   Section 6.5.   Section 6.6.   Section 6.7.   Section 6.8.   Section 6.9.   Section 6.10.   Section 6.11.   Section 6.12.   Section 6.13.   Section 6.14.   Section 6.15.   Section 6.16.   Section 6.17.   Section 6.18.   Section 6.19.   Section 6.20.   Section 6.21.   Section 6.22.   Section 6.23.   ARTICLE VII. SECURITY Section 7.1.   Section 7.2.   Section 7.3.   Section 7.4.   Section 7.5.   Section 7.6.   ARTICLE VIII.  EVENTS OF DEFAULT   Payments Section 8.1.     Special Covenants Section 8.2.     Defaults   Beneficial Ownership   Corporate Existence; Subsidiaries; Foreign Qualification   Corporate Authority   Compliance with Laws and Contracts   Litigation and Administrative Proceedings   Title to Assets   Liens and Security Interests   Tax Returns   Environmental Laws   Locations   Continued Business   Employee Benefits Plans   Consents or Approvals   Solvency   Financial Statements   Regulations   Material Agreements Intellectual Property Insurance   Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts   Accurate and Complete Statements Investment Company; Other Restrictions   Security Interest in Collateral   Collections and Receipt of Proceeds by the Borrower   Collections and Receipt of Proceeds by Administrative Agent   Administrative Agent’s Authority Under Pledged Notes   Commercial Tort Claims   Use of Inventory and Equipment ii 73 74 75 75 76 76 77 79 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 82 83 83 83 83 84 84 84 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 88 89 90 90 90 91 91                                                                                                                 TABLE OF CONTENTS   Other Covenants   Representations and Warranties   Cross Default   ERISA Default   Change in Control   Security   Validity of Loan Documents   Solvency   Optional Defaults   Automatic Defaults   Letters of Credit   Offsets   Equalization Provisions   Collateral   Other Remedies   Application of Proceeds Judgments Section 8.3.   Section 8.4.   Section 8.5.   Section 8.6.   Section 8.7.   Section 8.8.   Section 8.9.   Section 8.10.   Section 8.11.   ARTICLE IX.  REMEDIES UPON DEFAULT Section 9.1.   Section 9.2.   Section 9.3.   Section 9.4.   Section 9.5.   Section 9.6.   Section 9.7.   Section 9.8.   ARTICLE X.  THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT Section 10.1.   Section 10.2.   Section 10.3.   Section 10.4.   Section 10.5.   Section 10.6.   Section 10.7.   Section 10.8.   Section 10.9.   Section 10.10.   Section 10.11.   Section 10.12.   Section 10.13.   Section 10.14.   ARTICLE XI.  MISCELLANEOUS Section 11.1.   Section 11.2.   Section 11.3.   Section 11.4.   Section 11.5.   Section 11.6.   Section 11.7.   Section 11.8.   Section 11.9.   Section 11.10.   Section 11.11.   Section 11.12.   Section 11.13.   Section 11.14.   Section 11.15.     Entire Agreement   Confidentiality   Lenders’ Independent Investigation   No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies   Amendments, Waivers and Consents   Notices   Costs and Expenses Indemnification   Obligations Several; No Fiduciary Obligations   Execution in Counterparts   Successors and Assigns   Defaulting Lenders   Patriot Act Notice   Severability of Provisions; Captions; Attachments Investment Purpose   Appointment and Authorization   Rights as a Lender   Exculpatory Provisions.   Reliance by the Administrative Agent   Delegation of Duties   Resignation of Administrative Agent   Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders   Other Agents   Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim Indemnification of Administrative Agent Issuing Lender   No Reliance on Administrative Agent’s Customer Identification Program   Platform   Release of Collateral or Guarantor of Payment iii Page 91 91 91 91 91 91 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 94 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 100 100 101 101 101 102 102 103 103 103 104 104 104 104 106 106 107 108 108 108 112 115 115 115 116 116                                                                                                                         Section 11.16.   Section 11.17.   Section 11.18.   Section 11.19.   Section 11.20.   Section 11.21.   Section 11.22.   Section 11.23.   Jury Trial Waiver Exhibit A Exhibit B Exhibit C Exhibit D Exhibit E Exhibit F Exhibit G‑1 Exhibit G‑2 Exhibit G‑3 Exhibit G‑4 Schedule 1 Schedule 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS   Limitations on Liability of the Issuing Lender   General Limitation of Liability   No Duty   Legal Representation of Parties   Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions   Certain ERISA Matters   Acknowledgement Regarding Any Supported QFCs   Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction   Form of Revolving Credit Note   Form of Notice of Loan   Form of Notice of Conversion and Continuation of Loan   Form of Compliance Certificate   Form of Assignment and Assumption Agreement   Form of Additional Lender Assumption Agreement   Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)   Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)   Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)   Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)   Commitments of Lenders   Guarantors of Payment iv Page 116 117 117 118 118 118 119 120 Signature Page 1                                         This CREDIT AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (as the same may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified, this “Agreement”) is dated January 8, 2021 among: (a) (b) OOMA, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”); the lenders listed on Schedule 1 hereto and each other Eligible Assignee, as hereinafter defined, that from time to time becomes a party hereto pursuant to Section 2.9(b) or 11.9 hereof (collectively, the “Lenders” and, individually, each a “Lender”); and (c) KEYBANK  NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION,  a  national  banking  association,  as  the  administrative  agent  for  the  Lenders  under  this  Agreement  (the “Administrative Agent”) and the Issuing Lender. WHEREAS, the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders desire to contract for the establishment of credits in the aggregate principal amounts hereinafter set forth, to be made available to the Borrower upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth; WITNESSETH: NOW, THEREFORE, it is mutually agreed as follows: Section 1.1.  Definitions.  As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: “Account” means an account, as that term is defined in the U.C.C. ARTICLE I.  DEFINITIONS “Account Debtor” means an account debtor, as that term is defined in the U.C.C., or any other Person obligated to pay all or any part of an Account in any manner and includes (without limitation) any Guarantor thereof. “Acquired  Indebtedness”  means  Indebtedness  of  any  Person  existing  at  the  time  such  Person  becomes  a  Subsidiary  in  a  transaction  permitted  hereunder  (or  of  any  Person  not previously a Subsidiary that is merged or consolidated with or into a Company in a transaction permitted hereunder) after the Closing Date, or Indebtedness of any Person that is assumed by a Subsidiary in connection with an Acquisition of assets by such Subsidiary permitted hereunder; provided that such Indebtedness exists at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary (or is so merged or consolidated) or such assets are acquired and such Indebtedness is not created in contemplation of such Person becoming a Subsidiary (or such merger or consolidation) or such assets being acquired. “Acquisition” means any transaction or series of related transactions for the purpose of or resulting, directly or indirectly, in (a) the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets of any                                   Person (other than a Company), or any business or division of any Person (other than a Company), (b) the acquisition of in excess of fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding capital stock (or other equity interest) of any Person (other than a Company), or (c) the acquisition of another Person (other than a Company) by a merger, amalgamation or consolidation or any other combination with such Person. “Additional Commitment” means that term as defined in Section 2.9(b)(i) hereof. “Additional Lender” means an Eligible Assignee that shall become a Lender pursuant to Section 2.9(b) hereof. “Additional Lender Assumption Agreement” means an additional lender assumption agreement, in substantially the form of Exhibit F, wherein an Additional Lender shall become a Lender. “Additional Lender Assumption Effective Date” means that term as defined in Section 2.9(b)(ii) hereof. “Administrative Agent” means that term as defined in the first paragraph of this Agreement. “Administrative Agent Fee Letter” means the Fee Letter among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., dated as of August 11, 2020.   “Advantage” means any payment (whether made voluntarily or involuntarily, by offset of any deposit or other indebtedness or otherwise) received by any Lender in respect of the Obligations, if such payment results in that Lender having less than its pro rata share (based upon its Commitment Percentage) of the Obligations then outstanding. “Affected Financial Institution” means (a) any EEA Financial Institution or (b) any UK Financial Institution. “Affiliate” means any Person, directly or indirectly, controlling, controlled by or under common control with a Company and “control” (including the correlative meanings, the terms “controlling”, “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the power, directly or indirectly, to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Company, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. “Agreement” means that term as defined in the first paragraph of this agreement. “Anti-Corruption Laws” means all laws, rules, and regulations of any jurisdiction applicable to the Companies from time to time concerning or relating to bribery or corruption (including, without limitation, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) (15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1, et seq.), as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder). 2                           “Applicable Commitment Fee Rate” means twenty-five (25.00) basis points. “Applicable Margin” means two hundred fifty (250.00) basis points for Eurodollar Loans and zero (0.00) basis points for Base Rate Loans. “Approved Fund” means any Person (other than a natural Person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans, bonds and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its activities that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an affiliate of a Lender, or (c) an entity or an affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender. “Assignment Agreement” means an Assignment and Assumption Agreement entered into by a Lender and an Eligible Assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is required by Section 11.9 hereof), and accepted by the Administrative Agent, in substantially the form of Exhibit E, or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent. “Authorized  Officer”  means  (a)  a  Financial  Officer of  a  Credit  Party,   (b)  solely  for  purposes  of  the  delivery  of  certificates  pursuant  to  Section  4.2(f)  hereof  and  any  similar deliverables, the secretary or any assistant secretary of a Credit Party, and (c) solely for purposes of notices given pursuant to Article II hereof, any other officer or employee of the applicable Credit Party so designated by any Financial Officer in a written notice to the Administrative Agent, with such officer or employee to be reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent. [***] “Available Tenor” means, as of any date of determination and with respect to the then-current Benchmark, as applicable, any tenor for such Benchmark or payment period for interest calculated with reference to such Benchmark, as applicable, that is or may be used for determining the length of an Interest Period pursuant to this Agreement as of such date and not including, for the avoidance of doubt, any tenor for such Benchmark that is then-removed from the definition of “Interest Period” pursuant to Section 3.8(d). “Bail-In  Action”  means  the  exercise  of  any  Write-Down  and  Conversion  Powers  by  the  applicable  Resolution  Authority  in  respect  of  any  liability  of  an  Affected  Financial Institution. “Bail-In Legislation” means (a) with respect to any EEA Member Country implementing Article 55 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, the implementing law, regulation rule or requirement for such EEA Member Country from time to time which is described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, Part I of the United Kingdom Banking Act 2009 (as amended from time to time) and any other law, regulation or rule applicable in the United Kingdom relating to the resolution of unsound or failing banks, investment firms or other financial institutions or their affiliates (other than through liquidation, administration or other insolvency proceedings). 3                     “Bank  Product  Agreements”  means  those  certain  cash  management  services  and  other  agreements  entered  into  from  time  to  time  between  a  Company  and the Administrative Agent or a Lender (or an affiliate of a Lender) in connection with any of the Bank Products. “Bank Product Obligations” means all obligations, liabilities, contingent reimbursement obligations, fees and expenses owing by a Company to the Administrative Agent or any Lender (or an affiliate of a Lender) pursuant to or evidenced by the Bank Product Agreements. “Bank Products” means a service or facility extended to a Company by the Administrative Agent or any Lender (or an affiliate of a Lender) for (a) credit cards and credit card processing services, (b) debit cards, purchase cards and stored value cards, (c) ACH transactions, and (d) cash management, including controlled disbursement, accounts or services.   “Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United States Code entitled “Bankruptcy”, as now or hereafter in effect, or any successor thereto, as hereafter amended. “Base Rate” means, for any day, a rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Prime Rate, (b) one‑half of one percent (0.50%) in excess of the Federal Funds Effective Rate, and (c) one percent (1%) in excess of the Eurodollar Rate with an Interest Period of one month, or comparable Benchmark Replacement if the Eurodollar Rate has been replaced pursuant to Section 3.8 hereof (or, if such day is not a Business Day, such rate as calculated on the most recent Business Day).  Any change in the Base Rate shall be effective immediately from and after such change in the Base Rate.   “Base Rate Loan” means a Revolving Loan described in Section 2.2(a) hereof, that shall be denominated in Dollars and on which the Borrower shall pay interest at the Derived Base Rate. “Benchmark”  means,  initially,  the  Eurodollar  Rate;  provided  that  if  a  Benchmark  Transition  Event  or  an  Early  Opt-in  Election,  as  applicable,  and  its  related  Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to the Eurodollar Rate or the then-current Benchmark, then “Benchmark” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement to the extent that such Benchmark Replacement has replaced such prior benchmark rate pursuant to Section 3.8(a) hereof. “Benchmark Replacement” means, for any Available Tenor, the first alternative set forth in the order below that can be determined by the Administrative Agent for the applicable Benchmark Replacement Date: (a) (b) the sum of: (i) Term SOFR and (ii) the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment; the sum of: (i) Daily Simple SOFR and (ii) the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment; or 4                       (c) the sum of: (i) the alternate benchmark rate that has been selected by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower as the replacement for the then-current Benchmark for the  applicable  Corresponding  Tenor  giving  due  consideration  to  (1)  any  selection  or  recommendation  of  a  replacement  benchmark  rate  or  the  mechanism  for  determining  such  a  rate  by  the Relevant  Governmental  Body  or  (2)  any  evolving  or  then-prevailing  market  convention  for  determining  a  benchmark  rate  as  a  replacement  for  the  then-current  Benchmark  for  Dollar- denominated syndicated credit facilities at such time and (ii) the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment; provided that, in the case of clause (a), such Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement is displayed on a screen or other information service that publishes such rate from time to time as selected by the  Administrative  Agent  in  its  reasonable  discretion.    If  the  Benchmark  Replacement  as  determined  pursuant  to  clause  (a),  (b)  or  (c)  above  would  be  less  than  the  Floor,  the  Benchmark Replacement will be deemed to be the Floor for the purposes of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. “Benchmark Replacement Adjustment” means, with respect to any replacement of the then-current Benchmark with an Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for any applicable Interest Period and Available Tenor for any setting of such Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement: (a) for  purposes  of  clauses  (a)  and  (b)  of  the  definition  of  “Benchmark  Replacement,”  the  first  alternative  set  forth  in  the  order  below  that  can  be  determined  by  the Administrative Agent: (i) the spread  adjustment,  or method  for calculating  or determining  such spread  adjustment,  (which  may be a positive  or negative  value  or zero) as of the Reference Time such Benchmark Replacement is first set for such Interest Period that has been selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body for the replacement of such Benchmark with the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for the applicable Corresponding Tenor; or (ii) the spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) as of the Reference Time such Benchmark Replacement is first set for such Interest Period that would apply to the fallback rate for a derivative transaction referencing the ISDA Definitions to be effective upon an index cessation event with respect to such Benchmark for the applicable Corresponding Tenor; and (b) for  purposes  of  clause  (c)  of  the  definition  of  “Benchmark  Replacement,”  the  spread  adjustment,  or  method  for  calculating  or  determining  such  spread  adjustment, (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that has been selected by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower for the applicable Corresponding Tenor giving due consideration to (i) any selection or recommendation of a spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, for the replacement of such Benchmark with the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement by the Relevant Governmental Body on the applicable Benchmark Replacement Date or (ii) any evolving or then-prevailing market convention for determining a spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, for the 5             replacement of such Benchmark with the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for Dollar-denominated syndicated credit facilities; provided that, in the case of clause (a) above, such adjustment is displayed on a screen or other information service that publishes such Benchmark Replacement Adjustment from time to time as selected by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion. “Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes” means, with respect to any Benchmark Replacement, any technical, administrative or operational changes (including changes to the  definition  of  “Base  Rate,”  the  definition  of  “Business  Day,”  the  definition  of  “Interest  Period,”  timing  and  frequency  of  determining  rates  and  making  payments  of  interest,  timing  of borrowing requests or prepayment, conversion or continuation notices, length of lookback periods, the applicability of breakage provisions, and other technical, administrative or operational matters) that the Administrative Agent decides may be appropriate to reflect the adoption and implementation of such Benchmark Replacement and to permit the administration thereof by the Administrative  Agent  in  a  manner  substantially  consistent  with  market  practice  (or,  if  the  Administrative  Agent  decides  that  adoption  of  any  portion  of  such  market  practice  is  not administratively feasible or if the Administrative Agent determines that no market practice for the administration of such Benchmark Replacement exists, in such other manner of administration as the Administrative Agent decides is reasonably necessary in connection with the administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents). “Benchmark Replacement Date” means the earliest to occur of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark: (a)  in  the  case  of  clause  (a)  or  (b)  of  the  definition  of  “Benchmark  Transition  Event,”  the  later  of  (i)  the  date  of  the  public  statement  or  publication  of information  referenced  therein  and  (ii)  the  date  on  which  the  administrator  of  such  Benchmark  (or  the  published  component  used  in  the  calculation  thereof)  permanently  or indefinitely ceases to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); (b) in  the  case  of  clause  (c)  of  the  definition  of  “Benchmark  Transition  Event,”  the  date  of  the  public  statement  or  publication  of  information  referenced therein; or (c) in the case of an Early Opt-in Election, the sixth (6th) Business Day after the date notice of such Early Opt-in Election is provided to the Lenders, so long as the Administrative Agent has not received, by 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the fifth (5th) Business Day after the date notice of such Early Opt-in Election is provided to the Lenders, written notice of objection to such Early Opt-in Election from Lenders comprising the Required Lenders. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) if the event giving rise to the Benchmark Replacement Date occurs on the same day as, but earlier than, the Reference Time in respect of any determination, the Benchmark Replacement Date will be deemed to have occurred prior to the Reference Time for such determination and (ii) the “Benchmark Replacement Date” will be deemed to have 6                 occurred in the case of clause (a) or (b) with respect to any Benchmark upon the occurrence of the applicable event or events set forth therein with respect to all then-current Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof). “Benchmark Transition Event” means the occurrence of one or more of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark: (a) a  public  statement  or  publication  of  information  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  administrator  of  such  Benchmark  (or  the  published  component  used  in  the calculation thereof) announcing that such administrator has ceased or will cease to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof), permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); (b) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in  the  calculation  thereof),  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the  Federal  Reserve  System,  the  Federal  Reserve  Bank  of  New  York,  an  insolvency  official  with  jurisdiction  over  the administrator for such Benchmark (or such component), a resolution authority with jurisdiction over the administrator for such Benchmark (or such component) or a court or an entity with similar insolvency or resolution authority over the administrator for such Benchmark (or such component), which states that the administrator of such Benchmark (or such component) has ceased or will cease to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); or (c) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) or a Relevant Governmental Body announcing that all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) are no longer representative. For the avoidance of doubt, a “Benchmark Transition Event” will be deemed to have occurred with respect to any Benchmark if a public statement or publication of information set forth above has occurred with respect to each then-current Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof). “Benchmark Unavailability Period” means the period (if any) (a) beginning at the time that a Benchmark Replacement Date pursuant to clauses (a) or (b) of that definition has occurred if, at such time, no Benchmark Replacement has replaced the then-current Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Loan Document in accordance with Section 3.8 hereof, and (b) ending at the time that a Benchmark Replacement has replaced the then-current Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Loan Document in accordance with Section 3.8 hereof. 7               “Beneficial Ownership Certification” means a certification regarding beneficial ownership required by the Beneficial Ownership Regulation. “Beneficial Ownership Regulation” means 31 C.F.R. § 1010.230. “Benefit Plan” means any of (a) an “employee benefit plan” (as defined in ERISA) that is subject to Title I of ERISA, (b) a “plan” as defined in and subject to Section 4975 of the Code or (c) any Person whose assets include (for purposes of ERISA Section 3(42) or otherwise for purposes of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) the assets of any such “employee benefit plan” or “plan”. “BHC Act Affiliate” of a party means an “affiliate” (as such term is defined under, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 1841(k)) of such party. “Borrower” means that term as defined in the first paragraph of this Agreement. “Business Day” means a day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday or another day of the year on which national banks are authorized or required to close in Cleveland, Ohio, and, in addition, if the applicable Business Day relates to a Eurodollar Loan, is a day of the year on which dealings in Dollar deposits are carried on in the London interbank Eurodollar market. “Capital Distribution” means a payment made, liability incurred or other consideration given by a Company to any Person that is not a Company, (a) for the purchase, acquisition, redemption, repurchase, payment or retirement of any capital stock or other equity interest of such Company, or (b) as a dividend, return of capital or other distribution (other than any stock dividend, stock split, restricted stock award under any such Company’s equity compensation plans, stock distribution in connection with an Acquisition permitted by Section 5.13 hereof, or other equity distribution, in each case payable only in capital stock or other equity of such Company) in respect of such Company’s capital stock or other equity interest. “Capitalized  Lease  Obligations”  means  obligations  of  the  Companies  for  the  payment  of  rent  for  any  real  or  personal  property  under  leases  or  agreements  to  lease  that,  in accordance  with  GAAP,  have  been  or  should  be  capitalized  on  the  books  of  the  lessee  and,  for  purposes  hereof,  the  amount  of  any  such  obligation  shall  be  the  capitalized  amount  thereof determined in accordance with GAAP.   “Cash Collateral Account” means a commercial Deposit Account designated as a “cash collateral account” and maintained by one or more Credit Parties with the Administrative Agent, without liability by the Administrative Agent or the Lenders to pay interest thereon, from which account the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Lenders, shall have the exclusive right to withdraw funds until all of the Secured Obligations are Paid in Full. “Cash Collateralize” means to pledge and deposit with or deliver to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Issuing Lender or one or more Lenders, as collateral for the Letter of Credit Exposure or obligations of Lenders to fund participations in respect of the Letter of Credit Exposure, cash or deposit account balances or, if the Administrative Agent and the Issuing 8                     Lender shall agree in its sole discretion, other credit support, in each case pursuant to documentation in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender.  “Cash Collateral” shall have a meaning analogous to the foregoing and shall include the proceeds of such cash collateral and other credit support. “Cash Equivalent” means cash equivalent as determined in accordance with GAAP. “Cash Security” means all cash, instruments, Deposit Accounts, Securities Accounts and Cash Equivalents, in each case whether matured or unmatured, whether collected or in the process of collection, upon which a Credit Party presently has or may hereafter have any claim or interest, wherever located, including but not limited to any of the foregoing that are presently or may hereafter be existing or maintained with, issued by, drawn upon by, or in the possession of the Administrative Agent or any Lender. “CFC” means a Controlled Foreign Corporation, as such term is defined in Section 957(a) of the Code. “Change in Control” means:   (a) the acquisition of ownership or voting control, directly or indirectly, beneficially (within the meaning of Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 of the Exchange Act) or of  record,  after  the  Closing  Date,  by  any  Person  or  group  (within  the  meaning  of  Sections  13d  and  14d  of the  Exchange  Act),  of  shares  representing  more  than  [***]  of  the aggregate ordinary Voting Power represented by the issued and outstanding equity interests of the Borrower; and (b) if, at any time  during  any  period  of twelve  (12)  consecutive  months,  a majority  of the members  of the board  of directors  of the Borrower  cease  to be composed of individuals (i) who were members of that board of directors on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board of directors was approved by individuals referred to in subpart (i) above that constituted, at the time of such election or nomination, at least a majority of that board of directors, or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board of directors was approved by individuals referred to in subparts (i) and (ii) above that constituted, at the time of such election or nomination, at least a majority of that board of directors. “Change in Law” means the occurrence, after the Closing Date, of any of the following: (a) the adoption or taking effect of any Law, rule, regulation or treaty, (b) any change in any Law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation, implementation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority, or (c) the making or issuance of any request, rule, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority; provided that, notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (i) the Dodd-Frank Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder, or issued in connection therewith, and (ii) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) 9                 or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a “Change in Law”, regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued. “Closing Date” means January 8, 2021. “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. “Collateral” means (a) all of the Borrower’s existing and future (i) personal property, (ii) Accounts, Investment Property, instruments, contract rights, chattel paper, documents, supporting obligations, letter‑of‑credit rights, Pledged Securities, Pledged Notes (if any), Commercial Tort Claims, General Intangibles, Inventory and Equipment, (iii) funds now or hereafter on deposit in the Cash Collateral Account, if any, and (iv) Cash Security; and (b) Proceeds and products of any of the foregoing; provided that Collateral shall not include Excluded Property. “Commercial  Tort  Claim”  means  a  commercial  tort  claim,  as  that  term  is  defined  in  the  U.C.C.    (Schedule 7.5 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter lists all Commercial  Tort Claims of the Credit Parties in existence as of the Closing Date for which the amount in controversy exceeds [***]. “Commitment” means the obligation hereunder of the Lenders, during the Commitment Period, to make Loans and to participate in the issuance of Letters of Credit pursuant to the Revolving Credit Commitment, up to the Total Commitment Amount. “Commitment  Percentage”  means,  for  each  Lender,  the  percentage,  if  any,  set  forth  opposite  such  Lender’s  name  under  the  column  headed  “Revolving  Credit  Commitment Percentage”, as set forth on Schedule 1 hereto, subject to assignments of interests pursuant to Section 11.9 hereof, reductions pursuant to Section 2.9(a) hereof and increases pursuant to Section 2.9(b) hereof. “Commitment Period” means the period from the Closing Date to the earlier of (a) January 7, 2024, (b) ninety (90) days prior to the scheduled maturity of any Convertible Debt Securities, or (c) such earlier date on which the Commitment shall have been terminated pursuant to Article IX hereof. “Commodity  Exchange  Act”  means  the  Commodity  Exchange  Act  (7  U.S.C.  §  1  et  seq.),  as  amended  from  time  to  time,  together  with  the  rules  and  regulations  promulgated thereunder. “Companies” means the Borrower and all Subsidiaries. “Company” means the Borrower or a Subsidiary. “Compliance Certificate” means a Compliance Certificate in substantially the form of the attached Exhibit D. 10                           “Confidential Disclosure Letter” means the disclosure letter from the Borrower to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders delivered on the Closing Date, as the same may from time to time be supplemented, amended, restated or otherwise modified. “Confidential Information” means all information about the Companies that has been furnished by any Company to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, whether furnished before or after the Closing Date and regardless of the manner in which it is furnished, but does not include any such information that (a) is or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure by the Administrative Agent or such Lender not permitted by this Agreement, (b) was available to the Administrative Agent or such Lender on a nonconfidential basis prior to its disclosure to the Administrative Agent or such Lender, or (c) becomes available to the Administrative Agent or such Lender on a nonconfidential basis from a Person other than any Company  that  is  not,  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Administrative  Agent  or  such  Lender,  acting  in  violation  of  a  confidentiality  agreement  with  a  Company  or  is  not  otherwise  prohibited  from disclosing the information to the Administrative Agent or such Lender.   “Connection Income Taxes” means Other Connection Taxes that are imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated) or that are franchise Taxes or branch profits Taxes. “Consideration”  means,  in  connection  with  an  Acquisition,  the  aggregate  consideration  paid  or  to  be  paid,  including  borrowed  funds,  cash,  deferred  payments,  the  issuance  of notes, the assumption or incurring of liabilities (direct or contingent), the payment of consulting fees or fees for a covenant not to compete and any other consideration paid or to be paid for such Acquisition; provided that Consideration shall not include payments made or to be made in equity, options, warrants or other similar issuances by the Companies. “Consignee” has the meaning given in Section 9102(a)(19) of the UCC. “Consignment” has the meaning given in Section 9102(a)(20) of the UCC. “Consolidated” means the resultant consolidation of the financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP, including principles of consolidation consistent with those applied in preparation of the consolidated financial statements referred to in Section 6.14 hereof. “Consolidated Net Worth” means, at any date, the stockholders’ equity of the Borrower, determined as of such date on a Consolidated basis. “Control Agreement” means a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement. “Controlled Group” means a Company and each Person required to be aggregated with a Company under Code Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o). 11                       “Convertible  Debt  Securities”  means  debt  securities,  the  terms  of  which  provide  for  conversion  into,  or  exchange  for,  equity  interests  of  the  Borrower,  cash  (in  an  amount determined by reference to the price of such equity interests) or a combination of equity interests and/or cash (in an amount determined by reference to the price of such equity interests). “Corresponding Tenor” with respect to any Available Tenor means, as applicable, either a tenor (including overnight) or an interest payment period having approximately the same length (disregarding business day adjustment) as such Available Tenor. “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (i) (ii) (iii) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b). “Credit Event” means the making by the Lenders of a Loan, or the issuance (or amendment or renewal) by the Issuing Lender of a Letter of Credit. “Credit Party” means the Borrower, and any Subsidiary or other Affiliate of the Borrower that is a Guarantor of Payment. “Daily Simple SOFR” means, for any day, SOFR, with the conventions for this rate (which will include a lookback) being established by the Administrative Agent in accordance with  the  conventions  for  this  rate  selected  or  recommended  by  the  Relevant  Governmental  Body  for  determining  “Daily  Simple  SOFR”  for  syndicated  business  loans;  provided,  that  if  the Administrative  Agent  decides  that  any  such  convention  is  not  administratively  feasible  for  the  Administrative  Agent,  then  the  Administrative  Agent  may  establish  another  convention  in  its reasonable discretion. “Debtor  Relief  Laws”  means  the  Bankruptcy  Code,  and  all  other  liquidation,  conservatorship,  bankruptcy,  assignment  for  the  benefit  of  creditors,  moratorium,  rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief Laws of the United States or other applicable jurisdictions, from time to time in effect. “Default” means an event or condition that constitutes, or with the lapse of any applicable grace period or the giving of notice or both would constitute, an Event of Default, and that has not been waived by the Required Lenders (or, if required hereunder, all of the Lenders) in writing. “Default Rate” means (a) with respect to any Loan or other Obligation for which a rate is specified, a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) in excess of the rate otherwise applicable 12                         thereto, and (b) with respect to any other amount, if no rate is specified or available, a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) in excess of the Derived Base Rate from time to time in effect. “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. “Defaulting  Lender”  means,  subject  to  Section  11.10(b)  hereof,  any  Lender  that  (a)  has  failed  to  (i)  fund  all  or  any  portion  of  its  Loans  or  participations  in  Letters  of  Credit required to be funded by it hereunder within two Business Days of the date such Loans or participations were required to be funded hereunder, unless such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower in writing that such failure is the result of such Lender’s determination that one or more conditions precedent to funding (each of which conditions precedent, together with  any  applicable  default,  shall be  specifically  identified  in  such  writing)  has not  been  satisfied, or  (ii)  pay  to  the  Administrative  Agent,  the  Issuing Lender  or  any  other  Lender  any  other amount  required  to  be  paid  by  it  hereunder  (including  in  respect  of  its  participation  in  Letters  of  Credit)  within  two  Business  Days  of  the  date  when  due,  (b)  has  notified  the  Borrower,  the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender in writing that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations under this Agreement, or has made a public statement to that effect (unless such writing or public statement relates to such Lender’s obligation to fund a Loan hereunder and states that such position is based on such Lender’s determination that a condition precedent to funding  (which  condition  precedent,  together  with  any  applicable  default,  shall  be  specifically  identified  in  such  writing  or  public  statement)  cannot  be  satisfied),  (c)  has  failed,  within  three Business Days after written request by the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, to confirm in writing to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that it will comply with its prospective funding obligations hereunder (provided that such Lender shall cease to be a Defaulting Lender pursuant to this subpart (c) upon receipt of such written confirmation by the Administrative Agent and  the  Borrower),  or  (d)  has,  or  has  a  direct  or  indirect  parent  company  that  has,  (i)  become  the  subject  of  a  proceeding  under  any  Debtor  Relief  Law,  (ii)  had  appointed  for  it  a  receiver, custodian, conservator, trustee,  administrator, assignee for the benefit  of creditors or similar Person charged with reorganization or liquidation  of its business or assets, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other state or federal regulatory authority acting in such a capacity, or (iii) become the subject of a Bail-In Action; provided that, a Lender shall not be a Defaulting Lender solely by virtue of the ownership or acquisition of any equity interest in that Lender, or any direct or indirect parent company thereof, by a Governmental Authority, so long as such  ownership  interest  does  not  result  in  or  provide  such  Lender  with  immunity  from  the  jurisdiction  of  courts  within  the  United  States,  or  from  the  enforcement  of  judgments  or  writs  of attachment  on  its  assets,  or  permit  such  Lender  (or  such  Governmental  Authority)  to  reject,  repudiate,  disavow  or  disaffirm  any  contracts  or  agreements  made  with  such  Lender.    Any determination by the Administrative Agent that a Lender is a Defaulting Lender under any one or more of subparts (a) through (d) above shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error, and such Lender shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender (subject to Section 11.10(b) hereof) upon delivery of written notice of such determination to the Borrower, the Issuing Lender and each Lender. “Deposit Account” means a deposit account, as that term is defined in the U.C.C. 13           “Deposit  Account  Control  Agreement”  means  each  Deposit  Account  Control  Agreement  (or  similar  agreement  with  respect  to  a  Deposit  Account)  among  a  Credit  Party,  the Administrative Agent and a depository institution, dated on or after the Closing Date, to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, as the same may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified. “Derived Base Rate” means a rate per annum equal to the sum of the Applicable Margin for Base Rate Loans plus the Base Rate. “Derived Eurodollar Rate” means a rate per annum equal to the sum of the Applicable Margin for Eurodollar Loans plus the Eurodollar Rate. “Dodd-Frank Act” means the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Pub.L. 111-203, H.R. 4173) signed into law on July 21, 2010, as amended from time to time. “Dollar” or the $ sign means lawful currency of the United States. “Domestic Subsidiary” means a Subsidiary that is not a Foreign Subsidiary. “Dormant Subsidiary” means a Company that (a) is not a Credit Party or the direct or indirect equity holder of a Credit Party, (b) has aggregate assets of less than [***], and (c) has no direct or indirect Subsidiaries with aggregate assets, for such Company and all such Subsidiaries, of more than [***]. “Early Opt-in Election” means, if the then-current Benchmark is the Eurodollar Rate, the occurrence of: (a) (i) a notification by the Administrative Agent to (or the request by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent to notify) each of the other parties hereto that at  least five  currently  outstanding  Dollar-denominated  syndicated credit  facilities  at  such time  contain  (as  a  result of  amendment  or  as originally  executed)  a  SOFR-based  rate (including  SOFR,  a  term  SOFR  or  any  other  rate  based  upon  SOFR)  as  a  benchmark  rate  (and  such  syndicated  credit  facilities  are  identified  in  such  notice  and  are  publicly available for review), and (b) the joint election by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower to trigger a fallback from the Eurodollar Rate and the provision by the Administrative Agent of written notice of such election to the Lenders. “EEA Financial Institution” means (a) any credit institution or investment firm established in any EEA Member Country which is subject to the supervision of an EEA Resolution Authority, (b) any entity established in an EEA Member Country which is a parent of an institution described in subpart (a) of this definition, or (c) any financial institution established in an EEA Member Country that is a subsidiary of an institution described in subparts (a) or (b) of this definition and is subject to consolidated supervision with its parent. 14                     “EEA Member Country” means any of the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. “EEA Resolution Authority” means any public administrative authority or any person entrusted with public administrative authority of any EEA Member Country (including any delegee) having responsibility for the resolution of any EEA Financial Institution. “Eligible Assignee” means any Person that meets the requirements to be an assignee under Section 11.9(b)(iii), (v) and (vi) hereof (subject to such consents, if any, as may be required under Section 11.9(b)(iii) hereof). “Environmental Laws” means all provisions of law (including the common law), statutes, ordinances, codes, rules, guidelines, policies, procedures, orders-in-council, regulations, permits, licenses, judgments, writs, injunctions, decrees, orders, authorizations, certificates, approvals, registrations, awards and standards promulgated by a Governmental Authority or by any court, agency, instrumentality, regulatory authority or commission of any of the foregoing concerning environmental health or safety and protection of natural resources, or regulation of the discharge of substances into, the environment. “Environmental  Permits”  means  all  permits,  licenses,  authorizations,  certificates,  approvals  or  registrations  required  by  any  Governmental  Authority  under  any  Environmental Laws. “Equipment” means equipment, as that term is defined in the U.C.C. “ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. “ERISA Event” means any of the following situations, occurrences or events, but only if it has a Material Adverse Effect: (a) the existence of a condition or event with respect to an ERISA Plan that presents a significant risk of the imposition of an excise tax or any other material liability on a Company or of the imposition of a Lien on the assets of a Company; (b) the engagement by a Company in a non-exempt “prohibited transaction” (as defined under ERISA Section 406 or Code Section 4975) or a breach of a fiduciary duty under ERISA that could result in liability to a Company; (c) the application by a Controlled Group member for a waiver from the minimum funding requirements of Code Section 412 or ERISA Section 302 or a Controlled Group member is required to provide security under Code Section 401(a)(29) or ERISA Section 306; (d) the occurrence of a Reportable Event with respect to any Pension Plan administered by a Company or a Controlled Group member as to which notice is required to be provided to the PBGC; (e) the withdrawal by a Controlled Group member from a Multiemployer Plan in a “complete withdrawal” or a “partial withdrawal” (as such terms are defined in ERISA Sections 4203 and 4205, respectively); (f) the involvement of, or occurrence or existence of any event or condition that makes likely the involvement of, a Multiemployer Plan in any reorganization under Title IV of ERISA; (g) the failure of an ERISA Plan administered by a Company or a Controlled Group member (and any related trust) that is intended to be qualified 15                   under Code Sections 401 and 501 to be so qualified or the failure of any “cash or deferred arrangement” under any such ERISA Plan to meet the requirements of Code Section 401(k); (h) a Company having actual knowledge of the taking by the PBGC of any steps to terminate a Pension Plan or appoint a trustee to administer a Pension Plan, or the taking by a Controlled Group member of any steps to terminate a Pension Plan; (i) the failure by a Controlled Group member or an ERISA Plan to satisfy any requirements of law applicable to an ERISA Plan; or (j) the commencement, existence or threatening of a claim, action, suit, audit or investigation with respect to an ERISA Plan, other than a routine claim for benefits.   “ERISA Plan” means an “employee benefit plan” (within the meaning of ERISA Section 3(3)) that a Controlled Group member at any time sponsors, maintains, contributes to, has liability with respect to or has an obligation to contribute to such plan. “EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule” means the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor entity), as in effect from time to time. “Eurocurrency Liabilities” shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Regulation D of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as in effect from time to time. “Eurodollar” means a Dollar-denominated deposit in a bank or branch outside of the United States. “Eurodollar Loan” means a Revolving Loan described in Section 2.2(a) hereof, that shall be denominated in Dollars and on which the Borrower shall pay interest at the Derived Eurodollar Rate. “Eurodollar Rate” means, with respect to a Eurodollar Loan, for any Interest Period, a rate per annum equal to the quotient obtained (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest 1/100th of 1%) by dividing (a) the rate of interest, determined by  the Administrative Agent in accordance with its usual procedures (which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error) as of approximately 11:00 A.M. (London time) two Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period pertaining to such Eurodollar Loan, as listed as the London interbank offered rate, as published by Thomson Reuters or Bloomberg (or, if for any reason such rate is unavailable from Thomson Reuters or Bloomberg, from any other similar company or service that provides  rate  quotations  comparable  to  those  currently  provided  by  Thomson  Reuters  or  Bloomberg)  for  Dollar  deposits  in  immediately  available  funds  with  a  maturity  comparable  to  such Interest Period;  by  (b) 1.00  minus the  Reserve  Percentage.    Notwithstanding the  foregoing,  if  at  any  time  the  Eurodollar Rate,  as  determined  above,  is less than three-fourths of  one  percent (0.75%), it shall be deemed to be three-fourths of one percent (0.75%) for purposes of this Agreement. “Event of Default” means an event or condition that shall constitute an event of default as defined in Article VIII hereof. “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 16                     “Excluded  Accounts”  means  (a)  accounts  used  exclusively  for  payroll,  payroll  taxes  or  other  employee  benefit  or  wage  payments,  (b)  any  fiduciary  or  trust  account  held exclusively for the benefit of an unaffiliated third party, (c) any escrow account or similar arrangement used exclusively in connection with any past, present or future acquisition, including in connection  with  indemnification  obligations  of  any  Company  with  respect  to  the  applicable  acquisition,  (d)  accounts  acquired  pursuant  to  an  Acquisition  that  are  used  exclusively  to  secure applicable Acquired Indebtedness (and only so long as such Acquired Indebtedness remains outstanding), (e) zero balance accounts, (f) any accounts that may not be pledged as collateral under applicable law and (g) such other accounts as may be agreed to in writing by the Administrative Agent in its sole discretion.  For the avoidance of doubt, an Excluded Account may be a Deposit Account or a Securities Account. “Excluded Property” means (a) licenses and contracts which by the terms of such licenses and contracts prohibit liens on, or the assignment of, such agreements (to the extent such prohibition is enforceable at law and is in effect); (b) any trademark applications for which a statement of use has not been filed (but only until such statement is filed); (c) any rights or interest in any  contract,  lease,  permit,  license,  or  license  agreement  covering  personal  property  of  any  Credit  Party  if  under  the  terms  of  such  contract,  lease,  permit,  license,  or  license  agreement,  or applicable Law or regulation with respect thereto, the grant of a security interest or lien therein is prohibited as a matter of law or under such regulation or under the terms of such contract, lease, permit, license, or license agreement and such prohibition or restriction has not been waived or the consent of the other party to such contract, lease, permit, license, or license agreement has not been obtained (provided that, (i) the foregoing exclusions shall in no way be construed (A) to apply to the extent that any described prohibition or restriction is unenforceable or ineffective under Section  9-406,  9-407,  9-408,  or  9-409  of  the  U.C.C.  or  other  applicable  Law  or  regulation,  or  (B)  to  apply  to  the  extent  that  any  consent  or  waiver  has  been  obtained  that  would  permit Administrative Agent’s security interest or lien to attach thereto notwithstanding the prohibition or restriction contained in such contract, lease, permit, license, or license agreement or under applicable Law or regulation, and (ii) the foregoing exclusions shall in no way be construed to limit, impair, or otherwise affect Administrative Agent’s continuing security interests in and liens upon any rights or interests of any Credit Party in or to (1) monies due or to become due under or in connection with any described contract, lease, permit, license, license agreement, or equity interests  (including  any Accounts),  or (2) any proceeds  from  the collection,  sale, license,  lease,  or other dispositions  of any such contract,  lease,  permit,  license,  license  agreement,  or equity interests); (d) any United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability, or result in the abandonment, voiding or cancellation, of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law, provided that upon submission and acceptance by the USPTO of an amendment to allege use pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 1060(a) (or any successor provision), such intent-to-use trademark application shall be considered Collateral; (e) real property with a fair market value of less than [***] in the aggregate; (f) shares of voting capital stock or other voting equity interests in any Foreign Subsidiary or FSHCO in excess of sixty-five percent (65%) of the total outstanding shares of each class of voting capital stock or other voting equity interest of such Foreign Subsidiary or FSHCO; (g) Excluded Accounts; (h) motor vehicles and other assets subject to a certificate of title statute, except to the extent perfection of a security interest therein may be accomplished by 17     filing  of  financing  statements  in  appropriate  form  in  a  central  filing  office  located  in  the  jurisdiction  in  which  the  granting  Credit  Party  is  organized  and  (i)  any  “margin  stock”  (within  the meaning of Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States); provided that “Excluded Property” shall not include any Proceeds or products of any Excluded Property (unless such Proceeds or products would constitute Excluded Property).   “Excluded Subsidiary” means each Dormant Subsidiary and Immaterial Subsidiary. “Excluded Swap Obligations” means, with respect to any Credit Party, any Swap Obligation if, and to the extent that, all or a portion of the guarantee of such Credit Party of, or the grant by such Credit Party of a security interest to secure, such Swap Obligation (or any guarantee thereof) is or becomes illegal under the Commodity Exchange Act or any rule, regulation or order  of  the  Commodity  Futures  Trading  Commission  (or  the  application  or  official  interpretation  of  any  thereof)  by  virtue  of  such  Credit  Party’s  failure  to  constitute  an  “eligible  contract participant”  as  defined  in  the  Commodity  Exchange  Act  (determined  after  giving  effect  to  any  “keepwell,  support  or  other  agreement”  for  the  benefit  of  such  Credit  Party  and  any  and  all guarantees of such Credit Party’s Swap Obligations by other Credit Parties), at the time such guarantee or grant of security interest of such Credit Party becomes, or would become, effective with respect to such Swap Obligation.  If a Swap Obligation arises under a master agreement governing more than one swap, such exclusion shall apply only to the portion of such Swap Obligation that is attributable to swaps for which such guarantee or security interest is, or becomes, illegal.   “Excluded Taxes” means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to a Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to a Recipient, (a) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), branch profits Taxes, and franchise Taxes, in each case (i) imposed by the jurisdiction (or any political subdivision thereof) under the laws of which such Recipient is organized or in which its principal office is located, or, in the case of any Lender, in which its applicable lending office is located or (ii) that otherwise are Other Connection Taxes, (b) in the case of a Lender, United States federal withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a Loan or Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender acquires such interest in the Loan or Commitment, or (ii) such Lender changes its lending office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 3.2, amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender’s assignor immediately before such Lender became a party hereto, or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office, (c) Taxes attributable to such Recipient’s failure to comply with Section 3.2(c), (d), (e) and (f), or to deliver the documentation described in Section 3.2(e), and (d) any withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA. “FATCA”  means  Sections  1471  through  1474  of  the  Code,  as  in  effect  on  the  Closing  Date  (or  any  amended  or  successor  version  that  is  substantively  comparable  and  not materially more onerous to comply with), and any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof and any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code, any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection with the implementation of such sections of the Code, and any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules, or practices adopted pursuant 18           to any intergovernmental agreement, treaty or convention among Governmental Authorities implementing such Sections of the Code. “Federal  Funds  Effective  Rate”  means,  for  any  day,  the  rate  per  annum  (rounded  upward  to  the  nearest  one  one-hundredth  of  one  percent  (1/100th of 1%))  announced by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (or any successor) on such day as being the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions arranged by federal funds brokers on the previous trading day, as computed and announced by such Federal Reserve Bank (or any successor) in substantially the same manner as such Federal Reserve Bank computes and announces the weighted average it refers to as the “Federal Funds Effective Rate” as of the Closing Date. “Financial  Officer”  means  any  of  the  following  officers:  chief  executive  officer,  president,  chief  financial  officer  or  treasurer.    Unless  otherwise  qualified,  all  references  to  a Financial Officer in this Agreement shall refer to a Financial Officer of the Borrower. “Floor”  means  the  benchmark  rate  floor,  if  any,  provided  in  this  Agreement  initially  (as  of  the  execution  of  this  Agreement,  the  modification,  amendment  or  renewal  of  this Agreement or otherwise) with respect to the Eurodollar Rate. “Foreign Lender” means (a) if the Borrower is a U.S. Person, a Lender that is not a U.S. Person, and (b) if the Borrower is not a U.S. Person, a Lender that is resident or organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than that in which the Borrower is resident for tax purposes. “Foreign Subsidiary” means a Subsidiary that is organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia. “Fronting Exposure” means, at any time there is a Defaulting Lender, with respect to the Issuing Lender, such Defaulting Lender’s outstanding Letter of Credit Exposure (to the extent  of such Defaulting  Lender’s  Commitment  Percentage  of the Revolving  Credit  Commitment)  with respect to Letters of Credit  issued by the Issuing Lender,  other than Letter of Credit Exposure as to which such Defaulting Lender’s participation obligation has been reallocated to other Lenders or Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof. “FSHCO” means any Domestic Subsidiary (including any disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes), substantially all of the assets of which consist of, directly or indirectly, equity interests in (or equity interests in and indebtedness of) one or more CFCs. “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as then in effect, which shall include the official interpretations thereof by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, applied on a basis consistent with the past accounting practices and procedures of the Borrower. “General Intangibles” means (a) general intangibles, as that term is defined in the U.C.C.; and (b) choses in action, causes of action, intellectual property, customer lists, corporate or other business records, inventions, designs, patents, patent applications, service marks, registrations, 19                     trade names, trademarks, copyrights, licenses, goodwill, computer software, rights to indemnification and tax refunds. “Governmental Authority” means any nation or government, any state, province or territory, or any local or other political subdivision thereof, any governmental agency, including state  public  utility  commissions,  department,  authority,  instrumentality,  regulatory  body,  court,  central  bank  or  other  governmental  entity  exercising  executive,  legislative,  judicial,  taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank). “Guarantor” means a Person that shall have pledged its credit or property in any manner for the payment or other performance of the indebtedness, contract or other obligation of another and includes (without limitation) any guarantor (whether of payment or of collection), surety, co-maker, endorser or Person that shall have agreed conditionally or otherwise to make any purchase, loan or investment in order thereby to enable another to prevent or correct a default of any kind. “Guarantor  of  Payment”  means  each  of  the  Companies  designated  a  “Guarantor  of  Payment”  on  Schedule 2 hereto,  each  of  which  is  executing  and  delivering  a  Guaranty  of Payment on the Closing Date, and any other Subsidiary that shall execute and deliver a Guaranty of Payment (or Guaranty of Payment Joinder) to the Administrative Agent subsequent to the Closing Date. “Guaranty of Payment” means each Guaranty of Payment executed and delivered on or after the Closing Date in connection with this Agreement by one or more Guarantors of Payment, as the same may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified. “Guaranty of Payment Joinder” means each Guaranty of Payment Joinder in substantially the form attached as an exhibit to the Guaranty of Payment, executed and delivered by a Guarantor of Payment for the purpose of adding such Guarantor of Payment as a party to a previously executed Guaranty of Payment. “Hedge Agreement” means any (a) hedge agreement, interest rate swap, cap, collar or floor agreement, or other interest rate management device entered into by a Company with any  Person  in  connection  with  any  Indebtedness  of  such  Company,  or  (b)  currency  swap  agreement,  forward  currency  purchase  agreement  or  similar  arrangement  or  agreement  designed  to protect against fluctuations in currency exchange rates entered into by a Company.  For the avoidance of doubt, Permitted Equity Derivatives shall not constitute Hedge Agreements. “Immaterial Subsidiaries” means, [***].   “Indebtedness” means, for any Company, without duplication, (a) all obligations to repay borrowed money, direct or indirect, incurred, assumed, or guaranteed, (b) all obligations in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than (i) trade accounts payable and accrued expenses, in each case incurred in the ordinary course of business, (ii) operating leases, (iii) licenses entered into in the ordinary course of business, and (iv) 20                   deferred compensation earned in the ordinary course of business payable to directors, officers and employees of the Borrower or any Subsidiary), (c) all obligations under conditional sales or other title retention agreements (other than customary reservations or retentions of title under agreements with suppliers entered into in the ordinary course of business and non-exclusive licenses and operating leases arising in the ordinary course of business), (d) all obligations (contingent or otherwise) under any letter of credit or banker’s acceptance, (e) all net obligations under any currency swap agreement, interest rate swap, cap, collar or floor agreement or other interest rate management device or any Hedge Agreement, (f) all synthetic leases, (g) all Capitalized Lease Obligations, (h) all obligations of such Company with respect to asset securitization financing programs to the extent that there is recourse against such Company or such Company is liable (contingent or otherwise) under any such program, (i) all obligations to advance funds to, or to purchase assets, property or services from, any other Person in order to maintain the financial condition of such Person, (j) all indebtedness of the types referred to in subparts (a) through (i) above of any partnership or joint venture (other than a joint venture that is itself a corporation or limited liability company) in which such Company is a general partner or joint venturer, unless such indebtedness is expressly made non-recourse to such Company, (k) any other transaction (including forward sale or purchase agreements) having the commercial effect of a borrowing of money entered into by such Company to finance its operations or capital requirements, and (l) any guaranty of any obligation described in subparts (a) through (k) above.  For the avoidance of doubt, “Indebtedness” shall not include Permitted Equity Derivatives. “Indemnified Taxes” means (a) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of any Credit Party under any Loan Document, and (b) to the extent not otherwise described in the foregoing subpart (a), Other Taxes. “Intellectual Property Security Agreement” means each Intellectual Property Security Agreement, executed and delivered on or after the Closing Date by a Credit Party, wherein such Credit Party, as the case may be, has granted to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a security interest in all intellectual property owned by such Credit Party, as the same may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified. “Interest Adjustment Date” means the last day of each Interest Period. “Interest Period” means, with respect to a Eurodollar Loan, the period commencing on the date such Eurodollar Loan is made and ending on the last day of such period, as selected by the Borrower pursuant to the provisions hereof, and, thereafter (unless such Eurodollar Loan is converted to a Base Rate Loan), each subsequent period commencing on the last day of the immediately  preceding  Interest  Period  and  ending  on  the  last  day  of  such  period,  as  selected  by  the  Borrower  pursuant  to  the  provisions  hereof.    The  duration  of  each  Interest  Period  for  a Eurodollar Loan  shall  be  one  month,  two  months,  three  months  or  six  months,  in  each  case  as  the  Borrower  may  select  upon  notice,  as  set  forth  in  Section  2.5  hereof;  provided  that,  if  the Borrower shall fail to so select the duration of any Interest Period at least three Business Days prior to the Interest Adjustment Date applicable to such Eurodollar Loan, the Borrower shall be deemed to have converted such Eurodollar Loan to a Base Rate Loan at the end of the then 21           current Interest Period.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Interest Period shall extend beyond the last day of the Commitment Period. “Inventory” means inventory, as that term is defined in the U.C.C. “Investment Policy” means that certain investment policy of the Borrower, provided to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders prior to the Closing Date and attached to the Confidential Disclosure Letter, as the same may be amended, restated or otherwise supplemented with the consent of the Administrative Agent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. “Investment Property” means investment property, as that term is defined in the U.C.C., unless the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in another jurisdiction would govern the perfection and priority of a security interest in investment property, and, in such case, “investment property” shall be defined in accordance with the law of that jurisdiction as in effect from time to time.   “ISDA  Definitions”  means  the  2006  ISDA  Definitions  published  by  the  International  Swaps  and  Derivatives  Association,  Inc.  or  any  successor  thereto,  as  amended  or supplemented from time to time, or any successor definitional booklet for interest rate derivatives published from time to time by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. or such successor thereto. “Issuing Lender” means, as to any Letter of Credit transaction hereunder, the Administrative Agent as issuer of the Letter of Credit, or, in the event that the Administrative Agent either shall be unable to issue or the Administrative Agent shall agree that another Revolving Lender may issue, a Letter of Credit, such other Revolving Lender as shall be acceptable to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower and shall agree to issue the Letter of Credit in its own name, but in each instance on behalf of the Revolving Lenders. “KeyBank” means KeyBank National Association, and its successors and assigns. “Landlord’s Waiver” means a landlord’s waiver in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, delivered by a Credit Party in connection with this Agreement, as such waiver may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified. “Laws”  means,  collectively,  all  international,  foreign,  federal,  state  and  local  statutes,  treaties,  rules,  guidelines,  regulations,  ordinances,  codes  and  administrative  or  judicial precedents or authorities, including the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority charged with the enforcement, interpretation or administration thereof, and all applicable administrative orders, directed duties, requests, licenses, authorizations and permits of, and agreements with, any Governmental Authority, in each case whether or not having the force of law. “Lender” means that term as defined in the first paragraph of this Agreement and, as the context requires, shall include the Issuing Lender. 22                       “Letter of Credit” means a commercial documentary letter of credit or standby letter of credit that shall be issued by the Issuing Lender for the account of the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries, including amendments thereto, if any, and shall have an expiration date no later than the earlier of (a) three hundred sixty‑four (364) days after its date of issuance (provided that such Letter of Credit may provide for the renewal thereof for additional one year periods), or (b) thirty (30) days prior to the last day of the Commitment Period. “Letter of Credit Commitment” means the commitment of the Issuing Lender, on behalf of the Revolving Lenders, to issue Letters of Credit in an aggregate face amount of up to Ten Million Dollars ($10,000,000). “Letter of Credit Exposure” means, at any time, the sum of (a) the aggregate undrawn amount of all issued and outstanding Letters of Credit, and (b) the aggregate amount of the draws made on Letters of Credit that have not been reimbursed by the Borrower or converted to a Revolving Loan pursuant to Section 2.2(b)(v) hereof. “Letter  of  Credit  Fee”  means,  with  respect  to  any  Letter  of  Credit,  for  any  day,  an  amount  equal  to  (a)  the  undrawn  amount  of  such  Letter  of  Credit,  multiplied  by  (b)  the Applicable Margin for Revolving Loans that are Eurodollar Loans divided by three hundred sixty (360). “Lien” means any mortgage, deed of trust, security interest, lien (statutory or other), charge, assignment, hypothecation, encumbrance on, pledge or deposit of, or conditional sale, lease (other than operating leases), sale with a right of redemption or other title retention agreement and any capitalized lease with respect to any property (real or personal) or asset. “Loan” means a Revolving Loan. “Loan  Documents”  means,  collectively,  this  Agreement,  the  Confidential  Disclosure  Letter,  each  Note,  each  Guaranty  of  Payment,  each  Guaranty  of  Payment  Joinder,  all documentation  relating  to  each  Letter  of  Credit,  each  Security  Document  and  the  Administrative  Agent  Fee  Letter,  as  any  of  the  foregoing  may  from  time  to  time  be  amended,  restated  or otherwise modified or replaced, and any other document delivered pursuant thereto. “Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse effect on (a) the business, assets, operations or financial condition of the Companies taken as a whole, (b) the ability of any Credit Party to perform its material obligations under any Loan Document to which it is a party, or (c) the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability against any Credit Party of any Loan Document to which it is a party; provided that the impacts of COVID-19 on the business, assets, operations or financial condition of the Companies that have occurred and were disclosed to or discussed with the Administrative Agent prior to the Closing Date or otherwise general public knowledge prior to the Closing Date will be disregarded. “Material  Indebtedness  Agreement”  means  the  Convertible  Debt  Securities  and  any  debt  instrument,  lease  (capital,  operating  or  otherwise),  guaranty,  contract,  commitment, agreement or other arrangement evidencing or entered into in connection with any Indebtedness of any Company or the Companies equal to or in excess of the principal amount of [***]. 23                   “Maximum Amount” means, for each Lender, the amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name under the column headed “Maximum Amount” as set forth on Schedule 1 hereto, subject  to  (a)  decreases  pursuant  to  Section  2.9(a)  hereof,  (b)  increases  pursuant  to  Section  2.9(b)  hereof,  and  (c)  assignments  of  interests  pursuant  to  Section  11.9  hereof;  provided  that  the Maximum Amount of the Issuing Lender shall exclude the Letter of Credit Commitment (other than its pro rata share thereof). “Maximum Rate” means that term as defined in Section 2.3(c) hereof. “Minimum  Collateral  Amount”  means,  at  any  time,  with  respect  to  Cash  Collateral  consisting  of  cash  or  deposit  account  balances,  an  amount  equal  to  one  hundred  three percent (103%) of the Fronting Exposure of the Issuing Lender with respect to Letters of Credit issued and outstanding at such time. [***] “Multiemployer Plan” means a Pension Plan that is subject to the requirements of Subtitle E of Title IV of ERISA. “Non‑Consenting Lender” means that term as defined in Section 11.3(c) hereof. “Non-Defaulting Lender” means, at any time, each Lender that is not a Defaulting Lender at such time. “Non-Guarantor Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Borrower that is not a Guarantor. “Note” means a Revolving Credit Note, or any other promissory note delivered pursuant to this Agreement. “Notice of Loan” means, (a) with respect to a request for a new Loan, a Notice of Loan in substantially the form of the attached Exhibit B, and (b) with respect to a conversion or continuation of a Loan, a Notice of Conversion and Continuation of Loan, in substantially the form of the attached Exhibit C. “Obligations” means, collectively, (a) all Indebtedness and other obligations now owing or hereafter incurred by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, or any Lender  pursuant  to this Agreement  and the other  Loan Documents,  and includes  the  principal  of and interest  on all Loans,  and all obligations  of the Borrower  or any other Credit  Party pursuant to Letters of Credit; (b) each extension, renewal, consolidation or refinancing of any of the foregoing, in whole or in part; (c) the commitment and other fees, and any prepayment fees, payable  pursuant  to  this  Agreement  or  any  other  Loan  Document;  (d)  all  fees  and  charges  in  connection  with  Letters  of  Credit;  (e)  every  other  liability,  now  or  hereafter  owing  to  the Administrative Agent or any Lender by any Company pursuant to this Agreement or any other Loan Document; and (f) all Related Expenses. 24                         “Organizational Documents” means, with respect to any Person (other than an individual), such Person’s Articles (Certificate) of Incorporation, operating agreement or equivalent formation documents, and Regulations (Bylaws), or equivalent governing documents, and any amendments to any of the foregoing. “Other Connection Taxes” means, with respect to any Recipient, Taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between the Administrative Agent or such Recipient and the jurisdiction  imposing such Taxes (other than connections  arising solely from such Recipient  having executed,  delivered,  become a party to, performed its obligations  under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to, or enforced, any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan, Letter of Credit, or any Loan Document). “Other Taxes” means any and all present or future stamp or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes arising from any payment made hereunder or under any other  Loan  Document,  or  from  the  execution,  delivery  or  enforcement  of,  or  otherwise  with  respect  to,  this  Agreement  or  any  other  Loan  Document,  except  any  such  Taxes  that  are  Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 3.6 hereof). “Paid in Full” and “Payment in Full” means, with respect to the Obligations or the Secured Obligations, the satisfaction of the following conditions: (a) the payment in full in cash of all of the Loans, unreimbursed Letter of Credit draws, accrued, but unpaid commitment fees, costs, expenses and other amounts that are then due and payable under Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 11.5 and 11.6 hereof (which for the avoidance of doubt, do not include contingent indemnification obligations to the extent no claim giving rise thereto has been asserted), together with interest that is accrued, but unpaid with respect to any of the foregoing, (b) the termination of the commitments under this Agreement, (c) the termination of all outstanding Letters of Credit unless the Borrower has  complied  with  the  requirements  of  Section  2.2(b)(viii)  hereof  and  (d)  with  respect  to  any  Hedge  Agreement  constituting  Secured  Obligations,  such  Hedge  Agreement  shall  have  been terminated,  Cash  Collateralized  or  other  arrangements  reasonably  acceptable  to  the  Lender  or  the  entity  that  is  an  affiliate  of  a  then  existing  Lender  that  is  the  counterparty  to  such  Hedge Agreement shall have been made.   For the avoidance of doubt, no action is required with respect to Bank Product Obligations owing to a Lender (or an entity that is an affiliate of a then existing Lender) under Bank Product Agreements. “Participant” means that term as defined in Section 11.9(d) hereof. “Participant Register” means that term as defined in Section 11.9(d) hereof. “Patriot Act” means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, USA Patriot Act, Title III of Pub. L. 107-56, signed into law October 26, 2001, as amended from time to time. “PBGC” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, and its successor. 25                   “Pension Plan” means an ERISA Plan that is a “pension plan” (within the meaning of ERISA Section 3(2)). “Permitted Acquisition” means an Acquisition permitted by the terms of this Agreement. “Permitted  Equity  Derivatives”  means  any  forward  purchase  agreement,  accelerated  share  purchase  agreement,  call  option,  capped  call,  warrant  transaction  or  other  equity derivative transaction relating to the equity interests of the Borrower (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Borrower) executed in connection with the issuance of any Convertible Debt Securities (or deemed executed therewith). “Person” means any individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, joint venture, unincorporated organization, corporation, limited liability company, unlimited liability company, institution, trust, estate, Governmental Authority or any other entity. “Platform” means Debt Domain, Intralinks, Syndtrak or a substantially similar electronic transmission system selected by the Administrative Agent. “Pledge  Agreement”  means  each  of  the  Pledge  Agreements,  relating  to  the  Pledged  Securities,  executed  and  delivered  by  a  Credit  Party,  as  applicable,  in  favor  of  the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, dated on or after the Closing Date, as any of the foregoing may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified. “Pledged Notes” means the promissory notes payable to a Credit Party, as described on Schedule 7.4 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter, and any additional or future promissory notes that may hereafter from time to time be payable to a Credit Party. “Pledged Securities” means all of the shares of capital stock or other equity interests of a direct Subsidiary of a Credit Party, whether now owned or hereafter acquired or created, and all proceeds thereof; provided that Pledged Securities shall exclude shares of voting capital stock or other voting equity interests in any Foreign Subsidiary or any FSHCO in excess of sixty- five percent (65%) of the total outstanding shares of each class of voting capital stock or other voting equity interest of such Foreign Subsidiary or any FSHCO, whether held directly or indirectly through a disregarded entity.  (Schedule 3 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter lists, as of the Closing Date, all of the Pledged Securities.)   “Prime Rate” means the interest rate established from time to time by the Administrative Agent as the Administrative Agent’s prime rate, whether or not such rate shall be publicly announced; the Prime Rate may not be the lowest interest rate charged by the Administrative Agent for commercial or other extensions of credit. Each change in the Prime Rate shall be effective immediately from and after such change. “Proceeds” means (a) proceeds, as that term is defined in the U.C.C., and any other proceeds, and (b) whatever is received upon the sale, exchange, collection or other disposition of Collateral or proceeds, whether cash or non-cash.  Cash proceeds include, without limitation, 26                       moneys, checks and Deposit Accounts.  Proceeds include, without limitation, any Account arising when the right to payment is earned under a contract right, any insurance payable by reason of loss or damage to the Collateral, and any return or unearned premium upon any cancellation of insurance.  Except as expressly authorized in this Agreement, the right of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to Proceeds specifically set forth herein, or indicated in any financing statement, shall never constitute an express or implied authorization on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender to a Company’s sale, exchange, collection or other disposition of any or all of the collateral securing the Secured Obligations. “PTE” means a prohibited transaction class exemption issued by the United States Department of Labor, as any such exemption may be amended from time to time. “QFC” has the meaning assigned to the term “qualified financial contract” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 5390(c)(8)(D). “Recipient” means, as applicable (a) any Lender, or (b) the Issuing Lender. “Recurring Revenue” means, for any period, an amount equal to recurring revenue of the Borrower for such period, as determined on a Consolidated basis, from subscriptions and services, calculated in a manner consistent with past business practices and as each category is reported in the financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 5.3(a) and (b) hereof; provided that [***].   “Recurring Revenue Adjustment Amount” means, [***]. “Reference Time” with respect to any setting of the then-current Benchmark means (1) if such Benchmark is the Eurodollar Rate, 11:00 a.m. (London time) on the day that is two London banking days preceding the date of such setting, and (2) if such Benchmark is not the Eurodollar Rate, the time determined by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion. “Register” means that term as described in Section 11.9(c) hereof. “Regularly Scheduled Payment Date” means the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December of each year.   “Related  Expenses”  means  any  and  all  documented  reasonable  out‑of‑pocket  costs,  liabilities  and  expenses  (including,  without  limitation,  losses,  damages,  penalties,  claims, actions, judgments, suits and attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses (as attorneys’ fees may be limited by Section 11.5 hereof)) (a) incurred by the Administrative Agent, or imposed upon or asserted against  the  Administrative  Agent,  in  any  attempt  by  the  Administrative  Agent  to  (i)  enforce  this  Agreement  or  any  other  Loan  Document  or  obtain,  preserve,  perfect  or  enforce  any  Loan Document or any security interest evidenced by any Loan Document; (ii) obtain payment, performance or observance of any and all of the Secured Obligations; or (iii) after the occurrence and during  the  continuance  of  an  Event  of  Default,  maintain,  insure,  audit,  collect,  preserve,  repossess  or  dispose  of  any  of  the  collateral  securing  the  Secured  Obligations  or  any  part  thereof, including, without limitation, documented reasonable out‑of‑pocket costs and expenses for appraisals, assessments and audits of any Company or any such collateral; or (b) incidental or related to subpart (a) above. 27                     “Related Parties” means, with respect to any Person, such Person’s affiliates and the partners, directors, officers, employees, agents, trustees, administrators, managers, advisors and representatives of such Person and of such Person’s affiliates. “Relevant Governmental Body” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or a committee officially endorsed or convened by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or any successor thereto including without limitation the Alternative Reference Rates Committee. “Removal Effective Date” means that term as defined in Section 10.6(b) hereof. “Reportable Event” means a “reportable event” as that term is defined in Section 4043 of ERISA, except an event for which the thirty day notice period is waived. “Required Lenders” means the holders of more than fifty percent (50%), based upon each Lender’s Commitment Percentage, of an amount equal to (a) during the Commitment Period, the Total Commitment Amount, and (b) after the Commitment Period, the Revolving Credit Exposure; provided that (i) any portion held or deemed to be held by any Defaulting Lender shall be excluded for purposes of making a determination of Required Lenders, and (ii) if there shall be two or more unaffiliated Lenders (that are not Defaulting Lenders), Required Lenders shall constitute at least two unaffiliated Lenders. “Reserve Percentage” means, for any day, that percentage (expressed as a decimal) that is in effect on such day, as prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System  (or any  successor)  for  determining  the  maximum  reserve  requirement  (including,  without  limitation,  all basic,  supplemental,  marginal  and  other  reserves  and  taking  into  account  any transitional adjustments or other scheduled changes in reserve requirements) for a member bank of the Federal Reserve System in Cleveland, Ohio, in respect of Eurocurrency Liabilities.  The Eurodollar Rate shall be adjusted automatically on and as of the effective date of any change in the Reserve Percentage. “Resignation Effective Date” means that term as defined in Section 10.6(a) hereof. “Resolution Authority” means an EEA Resolution Authority or, with respect to any UK Financial Institution, a UK Resolution Authority. “Restricted Payment” means, with respect to any Company, (a) any Capital Distribution paid in cash, (b) any amount paid in cash by such Company in repayment, redemption, retirement, conversion or repurchase, directly or indirectly, (i) of any Subordinated Indebtedness or (ii) Indebtedness under Convertible Debt Securities, or (c) any amount paid in cash by such Company in respect of any management, consulting or other similar arrangement with any equity holder (other than a Company) of a Company or an Affiliate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, 28                     and for the avoidance of doubt, (A) a payment by a Company to another Credit Party is not a Restricted Payment, (B) any delivery of equity interests due upon conversion of any Convertible Debt Securities (plus cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share) shall not constitute a Restricted Payment and (C) any payment (including payment of any premium) or delivery with respect to, or early unwind, settlement or termination of, any Permitted Equity Derivative shall not constitute a Restricted Payment. “Revolving Amount” means Twenty-Five Million Dollars ($25,000,000), as such amount may be increased pursuant to Section 2.9(b) hereof or reduced pursuant to Section 2.9(a) hereof. “Revolving Credit Commitment” means the obligation hereunder, during the Commitment Period, of (a) the Revolving Lenders (and each Revolving Lender) to make Revolving Loans,  and (b) the Issuing  Lender  to issue,  and each Revolving  Lender  to participate  in, Letters  of Credit  pursuant  to the Letter  of Credit  Commitment;  up to an aggregate  principal  amount outstanding at any time equal to the Revolving Amount. “Revolving Credit Exposure” means, at any time, the sum of (a) the aggregate principal amount of all Revolving Loans outstanding, and (b) the Letter of Credit Exposure. “Revolving Credit Note” means a Revolving Credit Note, in substantially the form of the attached Exhibit A, executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2.4(a) hereof. “Revolving  Lender” means a Lender with a percentage  of the Revolving  Credit Commitment  as set forth on Schedule 1 hereto, or that acquires a percentage  of the Revolving Credit Commitment pursuant to Section 2.9(b) or 11.9 hereof. “Revolving Loan” means a loan made to the Borrower by the Revolving Lenders in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof. “Sanctions” means any sanctions administered or enforced from time to time by (a) the U.S. government, including those administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control or the U.S. Department of State or (b) the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or Her Majesty’s Treasury of the United Kingdom. “SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or any governmental body or agency succeeding to any of its principal functions. “Secured Obligations” means, collectively, (a) the Obligations, (b)  all  obligations  and  liabilities  of  the  Companies  owing  to  a Lender  (or  an  entity  that  is an  affiliate  of  a then existing Lender) under Hedge Agreements, and (c) the Bank Product Obligations owing to a Lender (or an entity that is an affiliate of a then existing Lender) under Bank Product Agreements; provided that Secured Obligations of a Credit Party shall not include Excluded Swap Obligations owing from such Credit Party.  For the avoidance of doubt, Permitted Equity Derivatives shall not constitute Secured Obligations. “Securities Account” means a securities account, as that term is defined in the U.C.C.   29                       “Securities Account Control Agreement” means each Securities Account Control Agreement (or similar agreement with respect to a Securities Account) among a Credit Party, the Administrative Agent and a Securities Intermediary, dated on or after the Closing Date, to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, as the same may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified. “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. “Securities Intermediary” means a clearing corporation or a Person, including, without limitation, a bank or broker, that in the ordinary course of its business maintains Securities Accounts for others and is acting in that capacity. “Security Agreement” means each Security Agreement, executed and delivered by one or more Guarantors of Payment in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, dated as of the Closing Date, and any other Security Agreement executed on or after the Closing Date, as the same may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified. “Security  Agreement Joinder” means each Security Agreement Joinder in substantially  the form attached as an exhibit to the Security Agreement, executed and delivered by a Guarantor of Payment for the purpose of adding such Guarantor of Payment as a party to a previously executed Security Agreement. “Security Document” means each Security Agreement, each Security Agreement Joinder, each Pledge Agreement, each Intellectual Property Security Agreement, each Landlord’s Waiver, each Control Agreement, each U.C.C. Financing Statement or similar filing as to a jurisdiction located outside of the United States filed in connection herewith or perfecting any interest created in any of the foregoing documents, and any other document pursuant to which any Lien is granted by a Company or any other Person to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, as security for the Secured Obligations, or any part thereof, and each other agreement executed or provided to the Administrative Agent in connection with any of the foregoing, as any of the foregoing may from time to time be amended, restated or otherwise modified or replaced. “SOFR” means, with respect to any Business Day, a rate per annum equal to the secured overnight financing rate for such Business Day published by the SOFR Administrator on the SOFR Administrator’s Website on the immediately succeeding Business Day. “SOFR Administrator” means the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (or a successor administrator of the secured overnight financing rate). “SOFR Administrator’s Website” means the website of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, currently at http://www.newyorkfed.org, or any successor source for the secured overnight financing rate identified as such by the SOFR Administrator from time to time. “Solvent” means, with respect to any Person, that (a) the fair value of such Person’s assets is in excess of the total amount of such Person’s debts, as determined in accordance with 30                       the Bankruptcy Code, (b) the present fair saleable value of such Person’s assets is in excess of the amount that will be required to pay such Person’s debts as such debts become absolute and matured, (c) such Person is able to realize upon its assets and pay its debts and other liabilities (including disputed, contingent and unliquidated liabilities) as such liabilities mature in the normal course of business, (d) such Person does not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or liabilities beyond its ability to pay as such debts and liabilities mature, and (e) such Person is not engaged in business or a transaction, and is not about to engage in business or a transaction, for which its property would constitute an unreasonably small amount of capital.  As used in this definition, the term “debts” includes any legal liability, whether matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, absolute, fixed or contingent, as determined in accordance with the Bankruptcy Code. “Stock Buyback Amount” means that term as defined in Section 5.15(e) hereof. “Subordinated Indebtedness” means Indebtedness that shall have been subordinated (by written terms or written agreement being, in either case, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent) in favor of the prior payment in full of the Obligations. “Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (a) a corporation more than fifty percent (50%) of the Voting Power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more other subsidiaries of such Person or by such Person and one or more subsidiaries of such Person, (b) a partnership, limited liability company or unlimited liability company of which such Person, one or more other subsidiaries of such Person or such Person and one or more subsidiaries of such Person, directly or indirectly, is a general partner or managing member, as the case may be, or otherwise has an ownership interest greater than fifty percent (50%) of all of the ownership interests in such partnership, limited liability company or unlimited liability company, or (c) any other Person (other than a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or unlimited liability company) in which such Person, one or more other subsidiaries of such Person or such Person and one or more subsidiaries of such Person, directly or indirectly, has at least a majority interest in the Voting Power or the power to elect or direct the election of a majority of directors or other governing body of such Person.  Unless the context otherwise requires, Subsidiary herein shall be a reference to a Subsidiary of the Borrower. “Supporting Letter of Credit” means a standby letter of credit, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender, issued by an issuer satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender. “Swap  Obligations”  means,  with  respect  to  any  Company,  any  obligation  to  pay  or  perform  under  any  agreement,  contract  or  transaction  that  constitutes  a  “swap”  within  the meaning of section 1a(47) of the Commodity Exchange Act.  For the avoidance of doubt, Permitted Equity Derivatives shall not constitute Swap Obligations. “Tax Benefit” means that term as defined in Section 3.2(f) hereof. 31                 “Taxes” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto. “Term  SOFR”  means,  for  the  applicable  Corresponding  Tenor  as  of  the  applicable  Reference  Time,  the  forward-looking  term  rate  based  on  SOFR  that  has  been  selected  or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body. “Total Commitment Amount” means the principal amount of Twenty-Five Million Dollars ($25,000,000), as such amount may be increased pursuant to Section 2.9(b) hereof, or decreased pursuant to Section 2.9(a) hereof. “Treasury Stock” means shares of the Borrower’s capital stock that are issued but not outstanding (i.e., held in treasury), including shares of the Borrower’s capital stock that have been repurchased by the Borrower but not retired. “U.C.C.” means the Uniform Commercial Code, as in effect from time to time in the State of New York. “U.C.C. Financing Statement” means a financing statement filed or to be filed in accordance with the Uniform Commercial Code, as in effect from time to time, in the relevant state or states. “U.S. Person” means any Person that is a “United States Person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code. “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate” means that term as defined in Section 3.2(e) hereof. “UK Financial Institution” means any BRRD Undertaking (as such term is defined under the PRA Rulebook (as amended form time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Prudential  Regulation  Authority)  or  any  person  falling  within  IFPRU  11.6  of  the  FCA  Handbook  (as  amended  from  time  to  time)  promulgated  by  the  United  Kingdom  Financial  Conduct Authority, which includes certain credit institutions and investment firms, and certain affiliates of such credit institutions or investment firms. “UK Resolution Authority” means the Bank of England or any other public administrative authority having responsibility for the resolution of any UK Financial Institution. “Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement excluding the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment. “United States” means the United States of America. “USPTO” means the United States Patent and Trademark Office in Alexandria, Virginia. 32                             “Voting Power” means, with respect to any Person, the exclusive ability to control, through the ownership of shares of capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests or otherwise, the election of members of the board of directors or other similar governing body of such Person.  The holding of a designated percentage of Voting Power of a Person means the ownership of shares of capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests or other interests of such Person sufficient to control exclusively the election of that percentage of the members of the board of directors or similar governing body of such Person. “Withholding Agent” means any Credit Party and the Administrative Agent. “Write‑Down and Conversion Powers” means, (a) with respect to any EEA Resolution Authority, the write-down and conversion powers of such EEA Resolution Authority from time to time under the Bail-In Legislation for the applicable EEA Member Country, which write-down and conversion powers are described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule, and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, any powers of the applicable Resolution Authority under the Bail-In Legislation to cancel, reduce, modify or change the form of a liability of any UK Financial Institution or any contract or instrument under which that liability arises, to convert all or part of that liability into shares, securities or obligations of that person or any other person, to provide that any such contract or instrument  is to have effect as if a right had been exercised under it or to suspend any obligation  in respect of that liability or any of the powers under that Bail-In Legislation that are related to or ancillary to any of those powers. Section 1.2.  Accounting Terms.   (a) Any accounting term not specifically defined in this Article I shall have the meaning ascribed thereto by GAAP. (b) If any change in the rules, regulations, pronouncements, opinions or other requirements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (or any successor thereto or agency with similar function) is made with respect to GAAP, or if the Borrower adopts the International Financial Reporting Standards, and such change or adoption results in a change in the calculation of any component (or components in the aggregate) of the financial covenants set forth in Section 5.7 hereof or the related financial definitions, at the option of the Administrative Agent, the Required Lenders or the Borrower, the parties hereto will enter into good faith negotiations to amend such financial covenants and financial definitions in such manner as the parties shall agree, each acting reasonably, in order to reflect fairly such change or adoption so that the criteria for evaluating the financial condition of the Borrower shall be the same in commercial effect after, as well as before, such change or adoption is made (in which case the method and calculating  such financial covenants and definitions hereunder shall be determined  in the manner so agreed); provided that, until so amended, such calculations shall continue to be computed in accordance with GAAP as in effect prior to such change or adoption. (c) Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  all  financial  covenants  contained  herein  shall  be  calculated,  and  compliance  with  negative  covenants  contained  herein  shall  be determined, without giving effect to Accounting Standards Codification 842 (or any other Accounting Standards Codification having similar result or effect) (and related interpretations) to the extent 33               any lease (or similar arrangement) would be required to be treated as a capital lease thereunder where such lease (or arrangement) would have been treated as an operating lease under GAAP as in effect immediately prior to the effectiveness of such Accounting Standards Codification.   Section 1.3.  Terms Generally.  The foregoing definitions shall be applicable to the singular and plural forms of the foregoing defined terms.  Unless otherwise defined in this Article I, terms that are defined in the U.C.C. are used herein as so defined.  For the avoidance of doubt, the term “equity interests” shall not include Convertible Debt Securities. Section 1.4.  Divisions.  For all purposes under the Loan Documents, in connection with any division or plan of division under Delaware law (or any comparable event under a different jurisdiction’s laws): (a) if any asset, right, obligation or liability of any Person becomes the asset, right, obligation or liability of a different Person, then it shall be deemed to have been transferred from the original Person to the subsequent Person, and (b) if any new Person comes into existence, such new Person shall be deemed to have been organized on the first date of its existence by the holders of its equity interests at such time. Section 1.5.  Certain Collateral Matters.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement or any other Loan Document, no foreign law (outside of the United States) documentation will be required for the creation or perfection of any Lien granted or to be granted by a Credit Party. Section 2.1.  Amount and Nature of Credit. ARTICLE II.  AMOUNT AND TERMS OF CREDIT (a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Lenders, on and after the Closing Date and during the remainder of the Commitment Period and to the extent hereinafter provided, shall make Loans to the Borrower, and participate in Letters of Credit (or, if the Issuing Lender, issue Letters of Credit) at the request of the Borrower, in such aggregate amount  as  the  Borrower  shall  request  pursuant  to  the  Commitment;  provided  that  in  no  event  shall  the  aggregate  principal  amount  of  all  Loans  and  Letters  of  Credit  outstanding  under  this Agreement be in excess of the Total Commitment Amount. (b) Each Lender, for itself and not one for any other, agrees to make Loans, and participate in Letters of Credit (or, if the Issuing Lender, issue Letters of Credit), during the Commitment Period, on such basis that, immediately after the completion of any borrowing by the Borrower or the issuance of a Letter of Credit: (i) the aggregate  outstanding  principal  amount  of Loans  made  by such Lender,  when  combined  with  such Lender’s  pro rata  share,  if any,  of the Letter  of Credit Exposure, shall not be in excess of the Maximum Amount for such Lender; and 34                       (ii) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of Loans shall represent that percentage of the aggregate principal amount then outstanding on all Loans that shall be such Lender’s Commitment Percentage. Each borrowing from the Lenders shall be made pro rata according to the respective Commitment Percentages of the Lenders. (c) The Loans may be made as Revolving Loans as described in Section 2.2(a) hereof, and Letters of Credit may be issued in accordance with Section 2.2(b) hereof. Section 2.2.  Revolving Credit Commitment. (a) Revolving  Loans.    Subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  this  Agreement,  on  and  after  the  Closing  Date  and  during  the  remainder  of  the  Commitment  Period,  the Revolving Lenders shall make a Revolving Loan or Revolving Loans to the Borrower in such amount or amounts as the Borrower, through an Authorized Officer, may from time to time request, but  not  exceeding  in  aggregate  principal  amount  at  any  time  outstanding  hereunder  the  Revolving  Credit  Commitment,  when  such  Revolving  Loans  are  combined  with  the  Letter  of  Credit Exposure.  The Borrower shall have the option, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, to borrow Revolving Loans, maturing on the last day of the Commitment Period, by means of any combination of Base Rate Loans or Eurodollar Loans.  Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Borrower shall be entitled under this Section 2.2(a) to borrow Revolving Loans, repay the same in whole or in part and re-borrow Revolving Loans hereunder at any time and from time to time during the Commitment Period.  The aggregate outstanding amount of all Revolving Loans shall be payable in full on the last day of the Commitment Period. (b) Letters of Credit. (i) Generally.  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on and after the Closing Date and during the remainder of the Commitment Period, the Issuing Lender shall, in its own name, on behalf of the Revolving Lenders, issue such Letters of Credit for the account of the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries (so long as such Subsidiary shall have delivered and complied with customary requirements of the Issuing Lender, including but not limited to documentation and other information reasonably requested in connection with applicable “know your customer” and anti‑money‑laundering rules and regulations, including the PATRIOT Act), as the Borrower may from time to time request.  The Borrower shall not request any Letter of Credit (and the Issuing Lender shall not be obligated to issue any Letter of Credit) if, after giving effect thereto, (1) the Letter of Credit Exposure would exceed the Letter of Credit Commitment, or (2) the Revolving Credit Exposure would exceed the Revolving Credit Commitment.  The issuance of each Letter of Credit shall confer upon each Revolving Lender the benefits and liabilities of a participation consisting of an undivided pro rata interest in the Letter of Credit to the extent of such Revolving Lender’s Commitment Percentage. 35                 (ii) Request for Letter of Credit.  Each request for a Letter of Credit shall be delivered to the Administrative Agent (and to the Issuing Lender, if the Issuing Lender is a Lender other than the Administrative Agent) by an Authorized Officer not later than 12:00 P.M. (Eastern time) three Business Days prior to the date of the proposed issuance  of  the  Letter  of  Credit  (or  such  shorter  period  as  may  be  acceptable  to  the  Issuing  Lender).    Each  such  request  shall  be  in  a  form  reasonably  acceptable  to  the Administrative Agent (and the Issuing Lender, if the Issuing Lender is a Lender other than the Administrative  Agent) and shall specify  the face  amount  thereof,  whether  such Letter of Credit is a commercial documentary or a standby Letter of Credit, the account party, the beneficiary, the requested date of issuance, amendment, renewal or extension, the expiry date thereof, and the nature of the transaction or obligation to be supported thereby.  Concurrently with each such request, the Borrower shall execute and deliver to the Issuing Lender an appropriate application and agreement, being in the standard form of the Issuing Lender for such letters of credit, as amended to conform to the provisions of this Agreement if required by the Administrative Agent, and such other documentation reasonably deemed necessary by the Administrative Agent from any other Company for whose account the Letter of Credit is to be issued.  The Administrative Agent shall give the Issuing Lender and each Revolving Lender notice of each such request for a Letter of Credit. (iii) Commercial Documentary Letters of Credit Fees.  With respect to each Letter of Credit that shall be a commercial documentary letter of credit and the drafts thereunder, whether issued for the account of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, the Borrower agrees to (A) pay to the Administrative Agent, for the pro rata benefit of the  Revolving  Lenders,  a  non-refundable  commission  based  upon  the  undrawn  amount  of  such  Letter  of  Credit,  which  shall  be  paid  quarterly  in  arrears,  on  each  Regularly Scheduled Payment Date, in an amount equal to the aggregate sum of the Letter of Credit Fee for such Letter of Credit for each day of such quarter; (B) pay to the Administrative Agent, for the sole benefit of the Issuing Lender, an additional Letter of Credit fee, which shall be paid on each date that such Letter of Credit is issued, amended or renewed, at the rate of one-eighth percent (1/8%) of the  face  amount  of  such  Letter  of  Credit;  and  (C)  pay  to  the  Administrative  Agent,  for  the  sole  benefit  of  the  Issuing  Lender,  such  other issuance, amendment, renewal, negotiation, draw, acceptance, telex, courier, postage and similar transactional fees as are customarily charged by the Issuing Lender in respect of the issuance and administration of similar letters of credit under its fee schedule as in effect from time to time. (iv) Standby Letters of Credit Fees.  With respect to each Letter of Credit that shall be a standby letter of credit and the drafts thereunder, if any, whether issued for the account of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, the Borrower agrees to (A) pay to the Administrative Agent, for the pro rata benefit of the Revolving Lenders, a non-refundable commission based upon the undrawn amount of such Letter of Credit, which shall be paid quarterly in arrears, on each Regularly Scheduled Payment Date, in an amount equal to the aggregate sum of the Letter of Credit Fee for such Letter of Credit for each day of such quarter; (B) pay to the Administrative Agent, for the sole benefit of the Issuing Lender, an additional Letter of Credit fee, which shall be paid on each date that such 36       Letter of Credit is issued, amended or renewed at the rate of one-eighth percent (1/8%) of the face amount of such Letter of Credit; and (C) pay to the Administrative Agent, for the sole benefit of the Issuing Lender, such other issuance, amendment, renewal, negotiation, draw, acceptance, telex, courier, postage and similar transactional fees as are customarily charged by the Issuing Lender in respect of the issuance and administration of similar letters of credit under its fee schedule as in effect from time to time. (v) Refunding of Letters of Credit with Revolving Loans.  Whenever a Letter of Credit shall be drawn, the Borrower shall promptly reimburse the Issuing Lender for the amount drawn.  In the event that the amount drawn shall not have been reimbursed  by the Borrower within one Business Day of the drawing of such Letter of Credit,  the  Borrower  shall  be  deemed  to  have  requested  a  Revolving  Loan,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  Sections  2.2(a)  and  2.5  hereof  (other  than  the  requirement  set  forth  in Section 2.5(d) hereof), in the amount drawn.  Such Revolving Loan shall be evidenced by the Revolving Credit Notes (or, if a Lender has not requested a Revolving Credit Note, by  the  records  of  the  Administrative  Agent and  such  Lender).    Each  Revolving  Lender  agrees  to  make  a  Revolving  Loan  on  the  date  of  such  notice,  subject  to  no  conditions precedent whatsoever.  Each Revolving Lender acknowledges and agrees that its obligation to make a Revolving Loan pursuant to Section 2.2(a) hereof when required by this subpart  (v)  shall  be  absolute  and  unconditional  and  shall  not  be  affected  by  any  circumstance  whatsoever,  including,  without  limitation,  the  occurrence  and  continuance  of  a Default or Event of Default, and that its payment to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Issuing Lender, of the proceeds of such Revolving Loan shall be made without any  offset,  abatement,  recoupment,  counterclaim,  withholding  or  reduction  whatsoever  and  whether  or  not  the  Revolving  Credit  Commitment  shall  have  been  reduced  or terminated.  The Borrower irrevocably authorizes and instructs the Administrative Agent to apply the proceeds of any borrowing pursuant to this subpart (v) to reimburse, in full (other than the Issuing Lender’s pro rata share of such borrowing), the Issuing Lender for the amount drawn on such Letter of Credit.  Each such Revolving Loan shall be deemed to be a Base Rate Loan unless otherwise requested by and available to the Borrower hereunder.  Each Revolving Lender is hereby authorized to record on its records relating to its Revolving Credit Note (or, if such Revolving Lender has not requested a Revolving Credit Note, its records relating to Revolving Loans) such Revolving Lender’s pro rata share of the amounts paid and not reimbursed on the Letters of Credit. (vi) Participation in Letters of Credit.  If, for any reason, the Administrative Agent (and the Issuing Lender if the Issuing Lender is a Revolving Lender other than the Administrative Agent) shall be unable to or, in the opinion of the Administrative Agent, it shall be impracticable to, convert any amount drawn under a Letter of Credit to a  Revolving  Loan  pursuant  to  the  preceding  subsection,  the  Administrative  Agent (and  the  Issuing  Lender  if  the  Issuing  Lender  is  a  Revolving  Lender  other  than  the Administrative  Agent)  shall  have  the  right  to  request  that  each  Revolving  Lender  fund  a  participation  in  the  amount  due  with  respect  to  such  Letter  of  Credit,  and  the Administrative  Agent shall  promptly  notify  each  Revolving  Lender  thereof  (by  facsimile  or  email  (in  each  case  confirmed  by  telephone)  or  telephone  (confirmed  in writing)).  Upon such notice, but without further action, the Issuing Lender hereby agrees to grant to each Revolving 37       Lender, and each Revolving Lender hereby agrees to acquire from the Issuing Lender, an undivided participation interest in the amount due with respect to such Letter of Credit in an amount equal to such Revolving Lender’s Commitment Percentage of the principal amount due with respect to such Letter of Credit.  In consideration and in furtherance of the foregoing, each Revolving Lender hereby absolutely and unconditionally agrees, upon receipt of notice as provided above, to pay to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the  Issuing  Lender,  such  Revolving  Lender’s  ratable  share  of  the  amount  due  with  respect  to  such  Letter  of  Credit  (determined  in  accordance  with  such  Revolving  Lender’s Commitment Percentage).  Each Revolving Lender acknowledges and agrees that its obligation to acquire participations in the amount due under any Letter of Credit that is drawn but  not  reimbursed  by the  Borrower  pursuant  to  this  subsection  (vi)  shall  be  absolute  and  unconditional  and  shall  not  be  affected  by  any  circumstance  whatsoever,  including, without  limitation,  the  occurrence  and  continuance  of  a  Default  or  Event  of  Default,  and  that  each  such  payment  shall  be  made  without  any  offset,  abatement,  recoupment, counterclaim, withholding or reduction whatsoever and whether or not the Revolving Credit Commitment shall have been reduced or terminated.  Each Revolving Lender shall comply  with  its  obligation  under  this  subsection  (vi) by  wire  transfer  of  immediately  available  funds,  in  the  same  manner  as  provided  in  Section  2. 5 hereof  with  respect  to Revolving Loans.   (vii) Auto-Renewal Letters of Credit.  If the Borrower so requests, a Letter of Credit shall have an automatic renewal provision; provided that any Letter of Credit  that  has  an  automatic  renewal  provision  must  permit  the  Administrative  Agent (or  the  applicable  Issuing  Lender  if  the  Issuing  Lender  is  a  Lender  other  than  the Administrative Agent)  to  prevent  any  such  renewal  by  giving  prior  notice  to  the  beneficiary  thereof  not  later  than  thirty  (30)  days  prior  to  the  renewal  date  of  such  Letter  of Credit.  Once any such Letter of Credit that has automatic renewal provisions has been issued, the Revolving Lenders shall be deemed to have authorized (but may not require) the Administrative  Agent (and  the  Issuing  Lender)  to  permit  at  any  time  the  renewal  of  such  Letter  of  Credit  to  an  expiry  date  not  later  than  one  year  after  the  last  day  of  the Commitment Period. (viii) Letters of Credit Outstanding Beyond the Commitment Period.  If any Letter of Credit is outstanding upon the termination of the Commitment, then, prior to such termination, the Borrower shall deposit with the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Issuing Lender, with respect to all outstanding Letters of Credit, either cash or a Supporting Letter of Credit, which, in each case, is (A) in an amount equal to one hundred three percent (103%) of the undrawn amount of the outstanding Letters of Credit,  and  (B)  free  and  clear  of  all  rights  and  claims  of  third  parties.    The  cash  shall  be  deposited  in  an  escrow  account  at  a  financial  institution  designated  by  the  Issuing Lender.  The Issuing Lender shall be entitled to withdraw (with respect to the cash) or draw (with respect to the Supporting Letter of Credit) amounts necessary to reimburse the Issuing  Lender  for  payments  to  be  made  under  the  Letters  of  Credit  and  any  customary  fees  and  reasonable  out-of-pocket  expenses  associated  with  such  Letters  of  Credit,  or incurred pursuant to the reimbursement agreements with respect to such Letters of Credit.  The Borrower shall also execute such documentation as the Administrative Agent or the 38       Issuing Lender may reasonably require in connection with the survival of the Letters of Credit beyond the Commitment or this Agreement.  After expiration of all undrawn Letters of Credit, the Supporting Letter of Credit or the remainder of the cash, if any, as the case may be, shall promptly be returned to the Borrower. Section 2.3.  Interest. (a) Revolving Loans.   (i) Base Rate Loan.  The Borrower shall pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of a Revolving Loan that is a Base Rate Loan outstanding from time to time from the date thereof until paid at the Derived Base Rate from time to time in effect.  Interest on such Base Rate Loan shall be payable, commencing March 31, 2021, and continuing on each Regularly Scheduled Payment Date thereafter and at the maturity thereof. (ii) Eurodollar Loans.  The Borrower shall pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Revolving Loan that is a Eurodollar Loan outstanding from time to time, with the interest rate to be fixed in advance on the first day of the Interest Period applicable thereto through the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, at the Derived Eurodollar Rate.  Interest on such Eurodollar Loan shall be payable on each Interest Adjustment Date with respect to an Interest Period (provided that, if an Interest Period shall exceed three months, the interest must also be paid every three months, commencing three months from the beginning of such Interest Period). (b) Default Rate.  Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, if an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, upon the election of the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders (i) the principal of each Loan and the unpaid interest thereon shall bear interest, until paid, at the Default Rate, and (ii) in the case of any other amount not paid when due from the Borrower hereunder or under any other Loan Document, such amount shall bear interest at the Default Rate; provided that, during an Event of Default under Section 8.1 or 8.11 hereof, the applicable Default Rate shall apply without any election or action on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender. (c) Limitation on Interest.  In no event shall the rate of interest hereunder exceed the maximum rate allowable by law.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any Loan Document, the interest paid or agreed to be paid under the Loan Documents shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest permitted by applicable Law (the “Maximum Rate”).  If the Administrative Agent or any Lender shall receive interest in an amount that exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the principal of the Loans or, if it exceeds such unpaid principal, refunded to the Borrower.  In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged, or received by the Administrative Agent or a Lender exceeds the Maximum Rate, such Person may, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, (i) characterize any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee, or premium rather than interest, (ii) exclude voluntary prepayments and the effects thereof, and (iii) amortize, prorate, allocate, and spread in equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout the contemplated term of the Obligations. 39               Section 2.4.  Evidence of Indebtedness.   (a) Revolving Loans.    Upon  the  request  of  a  Revolving  Lender,  to  evidence  the  obligation  of  the  Borrower  to  repay  the  portion  of  the  Revolving  Loans  made  by  such Revolving  Lender  and  to  pay  interest  thereon,  the  Borrower  shall  execute  a  Revolving  Credit  Note,  payable  to  such  Revolving  Lender  in  the  principal  amount  equal  to  its  Commitment Percentage of the Revolving Amount, or, if less, the aggregate unpaid principal amount of Revolving Loans made by such Revolving Lender; provided that the failure of a Revolving Lender to request a Revolving Credit Note shall in no way detract from the Borrower’s obligations to such Revolving Lender hereunder. Section 2.5.  Notice of Loans; Funding of Loans. (a) Notice of Loans.  The Borrower, through an Authorized Officer, shall provide to the Administrative Agent a Notice of Loan prior to (i) 12:00 P.M. (Eastern time) on the proposed date of borrowing of, or conversion of a Loan to, a Base Rate Loan, and (ii) 12:00 P.M. (Eastern time) three Business Days prior to the proposed date of borrowing of, continuation of, or conversion of a Loan to, a Eurodollar Loan.  An Authorized Officer of the Borrower may verbally request a Loan, so long as a Notice of Loan is received by the end of the same Business Day, and, if the Administrative Agent or any Lender provides funds or initiates funding based upon such verbal request, the Borrower shall bear the risk with respect to any information regarding such funding that is later determined to have been incorrect.  The Borrower shall comply with the notice provisions set forth in Section 2.2(b) hereof with respect to Letters of Credit. (b) Funding of Loans.  The Administrative Agent shall notify the appropriate Lenders of the date, amount and Interest Period (if applicable) promptly upon the receipt of a Notice of Loan, and, in any event, by 2:00 P.M. (Eastern time) on the date such Notice of Loan is received.  On the date that the borrowing, conversion or continuation of a Loan, set forth in such Notice of Loan is to occur, each such Lender shall provide to the Administrative Agent, not later than 3:00 P.M. (Eastern time), the amount in Dollars, in federal or other immediately available funds, required of it.  If the Administrative Agent shall elect to advance the proceeds of such Loan prior to receiving funds from such Lender, the Administrative Agent shall have the right, upon prior notice to the Borrower, to debit any account of the Borrower or otherwise receive such amount from the Borrower, promptly after written demand therefor, in the event that such Lender shall fail to reimburse the Administrative Agent in accordance with this subsection (b).  The Administrative  Agent shall also have the right to receive interest from such Lender at the Federal Funds Effective Rate in the event that such Lender shall fail to provide its portion of the Loan on the date requested and the Administrative Agent shall elect to provide such funds. (c) Conversion and Continuation of Loans.   (i) At the request of the Borrower to the Administrative Agent, subject to the notice and other provisions of this Agreement, the appropriate Lenders shall convert a 40                 Base Rate Loan to one or more Eurodollar Loans at any time and shall convert a Eurodollar Loan to a Base Rate Loan on any Interest Adjustment Date applicable thereto.   (ii) At the request of the Borrower to the Administrative Agent, subject to the notice and other provisions of this Agreement, the appropriate Lenders shall continue one or more Eurodollar Loans as of the end of the applicable Interest Period as a new Eurodollar Loan with a new Interest Period. (d) Minimum Amount for Loans.  Each request for: (i) (ii) a Base Rate Loan shall be in an amount of not less than [***], increased by increments of [***]; and a Eurodollar Loan shall be in an amount of not less than [***].   (e) Interest Periods.  The Borrower shall not request that Eurodollar Loans be outstanding for more than six different Interest Periods at the same time. Section 2.6.  Payment on Loans and Other Obligations. (a) Payments Generally.  Each payment made hereunder or under any other Loan Document by a Credit Party shall be made without any offset, abatement, recoupment, counterclaim, withholding or reduction whatsoever. (b) Payments  from  the  Borrower.    All  payments  (including  prepayments)  to  the  Administrative  Agent of  the  principal  of  or  interest  on  each  Loan  or  other  payment, including but not limited to principal, interest, fees or any other amount owed by the Borrower under this Agreement, shall be made in Dollars.  All payments described in this subsection (b) shall be remitted to the Administrative Agent, at the address of the Administrative Agent for notices referred to in Section 11.4 hereof for the account of the appropriate Lenders (or the Issuing Lender, as appropriate) not later than 1:00 P.M. (Eastern time) on the due date thereof in immediately available funds.  Any such payments received by the Administrative Agent (or the Issuing Lender) after 1:00 P.M. (Eastern time) shall be deemed to have been made and received on the next Business Day. (c) Payments to Lenders.  Upon the Administrative Agent’s receipt of payments hereunder, the Administrative Agent shall immediately distribute to the appropriate Lenders (except with respect to Letters of Credit, certain of which payments shall be paid to the Issuing Lender) their respective ratable shares, if any, of the amount of principal, interest, and commitment and other fees received by the Administrative Agent for the account of such Lender.  Payments received by the Administrative Agent shall be delivered to the Lenders in immediately available funds.  Each appropriate Lender shall record any principal, interest or other payment, the principal amounts of Base Rate Loans, Eurodollar Loans and Letters of Credit, all prepayments and the applicable dates, including Interest Periods, with respect to the Loans made, and payments received by such Lender, by such method as such Lender may generally employ; provided that failure to make any such entry shall in no way detract from the obligations of the 41                     Borrower under this Agreement or any Note.  The aggregate unpaid amount of Loans, types of Loans, Interest Periods and similar information with respect to the Loans and Letters of Credit set forth on the records of the Administrative Agent shall, absent manifest error, be rebuttably presumptive evidence with respect to such information, including the amounts of principal, interest and fees owing to each Lender. (d) Timing of Payments.  Whenever any payment to be made hereunder, including, without limitation, any payment to be made on any Loan, shall be stated to be due on a day that is not a Business Day, such payment shall be made on the next Business Day and such extension of time shall in each case be included in the computation of the interest payable on such Loan; provided that, with respect to a Eurodollar Loan, if the next Business Day shall fall in the succeeding calendar month, such payment shall be made on the preceding Business Day and the relevant Interest Period shall be adjusted accordingly. Section 2.7.  Prepayment. (a) Right to Prepay.  The Borrower shall have the right at any time or from time to time to prepay, on a pro rata basis for all of the Lenders, all or any part of the principal amount of the Loans then outstanding, as designated by the Borrower.  Such payment shall include interest accrued on the amount so prepaid to the date of such prepayment and any amount payable under Article III hereof with respect to the amount being prepaid.  Prepayments of Base Rate Loans shall be without any premium or penalty.   (b) Notice of Prepayment.  The Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent written notice of prepayment of (i) a Base Rate Loan by no later than 12:00 P.M. (Eastern time) on the Business Day on which such prepayment is to be made, and (ii) a Eurodollar Loan by no later than 3:00 P.M. (Eastern time) three Business Days before the Business Day on which such prepayment is to be made; provided that if such prepayment is conditioned on the occurrence of certain events, the Borrower shall identify such events in such notice of prepayment and may revoke such notice of prepayment if such events do not occur. (c) Minimum Amount for Eurodollar Loans.  Each prepayment of a Eurodollar Loan shall be in the principal amount of not less than the lesser of [***], or the principal amount of such Loan, except in the case of a mandatory payment pursuant to Section 2.11 or Article III hereof. Section 2.8.  Commitment and Other Fees. (a) Commitment Fee.  The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable account of the Revolving Lenders, as a consideration for the Revolving Credit Commitment, a commitment fee, for each day from the Closing Date through the last day of the Commitment Period, in an amount equal to (i) (A) the Revolving Amount at the end of such day, minus  (B)  the  Revolving  Credit  Exposure  at  the  end  of  such  day,  multiplied  by  (ii)  the  Applicable  Commitment  Fee  Rate  in  effect  on  such  day  divided  by  three  hundred  sixty  (360).    The commitment fee shall be payable quarterly in arrears, commencing on March 31, 2021 and 42                 continuing on each Regularly Scheduled Payment Date thereafter, and on the last day of the Commitment Period.   (b) Administrative Agent Fee.  The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent, for its sole benefit, the fees set forth in the Administrative Agent Fee Letter. Section 2.9.  Modifications to Commitment. (a) Optional  Reduction  of  Revolving  Credit  Commitment.    The  Borrower  may  at  any  time  and  from  time  to  time  permanently  reduce  in  whole  or  ratably  in  part  the Revolving Amount to an amount not less than the then existing Revolving Credit Exposure, by giving the Administrative Agent not fewer than three (3) Business Days’ written notice of such reduction, provided that any such partial reduction shall be in an aggregate amount, for all of the Lenders, of not less than [***].  The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Revolving Lender of the date of each such reduction and such Revolving Lender’s proportionate share thereof.  After each such partial reduction, the commitment fees payable hereunder shall be calculated upon the Revolving Amount as so reduced.  If the Borrower reduces in whole the Revolving Credit Commitment, on the effective date of such reduction (the Borrower having prepaid in full the unpaid principal balance, if any, of the Loans, together with all interest (if any) and commitment and other fees accrued and unpaid with respect thereto, and provided that no Letter of Credit Exposure shall exist), all of the Revolving Credit Notes shall be delivered to the Administrative Agent marked “Canceled” and the Administrative Agent shall redeliver such Revolving Credit Notes to the Borrower.  Any partial reduction in the Revolving Amount shall be effective during the remainder of the Commitment Period.  Upon each decrease of the Revolving Amount, the Total Commitment Amount shall be decreased by the same amount.  Nothing in this Section 2.9(a) shall limit the provisions of Section 2.9(b). (b) Increase in Commitment. (i) At any time prior to the end of the Commitment Period, the Borrower may request that the Administrative Agent increase the Total Commitment Amount by increasing the Revolving Amount; provided that the aggregate amount of all increases made pursuant to this subsection (b) shall not exceed [***].  Each such request for an increase  shall  be  in  an  amount  [***],  and  may  be  made  by  either  (A)  increasing,  for  one  or  more  Lenders,  with  their  prior  written  consent,  their  respective  Revolving  Credit Commitments, or (B) including one or more Additional Lenders, each with a new commitment (in a minimum amount of at [***]) under the Revolving Credit Commitment, as a party to this Agreement (each an “Additional Commitment” and, collectively, the “Additional Commitments”).  For clarification purposes, nothing contained in this Section 2.9(b) shall  be  construed  as  a  commitment  by  any  Lender  to  make  any  Additional  Commitment  and  any  such  commitment  by  a  Lender  shall  be  at  such  Lender’s  sole  and  absolute discretion. (ii) All  of  the  Lenders  agree  that  at  any  time  prior  to  the  end  of  the  Commitment  Period  the  Administrative  Agent shall  permit  one  or  more  Additional Commitments upon satisfaction of the following requirements: (A) each Additional 43               Lender, if any, shall execute an Additional Lender Assumption Agreement, (B) the Administrative Agent shall provide to the  Borrower and each Lender a revised  Schedule 1 to this Agreement,  including  revised  Commitment Percentages  for  each  of  the  Lenders,  if  appropriate,  at  least  three Business  Days  prior  to  the  date  of  the  effectiveness  of  such Additional Commitments (each an “Additional Lender Assumption Effective Date”), and (C) the Borrower shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent and the applicable Lenders such appropriate replacement  or additional  Revolving  Credit Notes as shall be required  by  the Administrative Agent (if Notes have been requested by such Lender or Lenders).  The Lenders hereby authorize the Administrative Agent to execute each Additional Lender Assumption Agreement on behalf of the Lenders. (iii) On each Additional Lender Assumption Effective Date, the Lenders shall make adjustments among themselves with respect to the Revolving Loans then outstanding and amounts of principal, interest, commitment fees and other amounts paid or payable with respect thereto as shall be necessary, in the opinion of the Administrative Agent, in order to reallocate among such Lenders such outstanding amounts, based on the revised Commitment Percentages and to otherwise carry out fully the intent and terms of this Section 2.9(b) (and the Borrower shall pay to the Lenders any amounts that would be payable pursuant to Section 3.3 hereof if such adjustments among the Lenders would cause a prepayment of one or more Loans).  In connection therewith, it is understood and agreed that the Maximum Amount of any Lender will not be increased (or decreased except pursuant to subsection (a) hereof) without the prior written consent of such Lender.  The Borrower shall not request any increase in the Revolving Amount pursuant to this subsection  2.9(b)  if  a  Default  or  an  Event  of  Default  shall  then  exist,  or,  after  giving  pro  forma  effect  to  any  such  increase  (including  a  pro  forma  calculation  of  the  financial covenants set forth in Section 5.7 hereof), would exist.  Upon each increase of the Revolving Amount, the Total Commitment Amount shall be increased by the same amount. Section 2.10.  Computation of Interest and Fees.  With the exception of Base Rate Loans, interest on Loans, Letter of Credit fees, Related Expenses and commitment and other fees and charges hereunder shall be computed on the basis of a year having three hundred sixty (360) days and calculated for the actual number of days elapsed.  With respect to Base Rate Loans, interest shall be computed on the basis of a year having three hundred sixty-five (365) days or three hundred sixty-six (366) days, as the case may be, and calculated for the actual number of days elapsed. Section 2.11.  Mandatory Payments.  If, at any time, the Revolving Credit Exposure shall exceed the Revolving Credit Commitment, the Borrower shall, not later than the next Business Day, pay an aggregate principal amount of the Revolving Loans sufficient to bring the Revolving Credit Exposure within the Revolving Credit Commitment.  Each mandatory payment hereof shall be applied in the following order: (a) first, to the outstanding Base Rate Loans, and (b) second, to the outstanding Eurodollar Loans, provided that, in each case, if the outstanding principal amount of any Eurodollar Loan shall be reduced to an amount less than the minimum amount set forth in Section 2.7(c) hereof as a result of such prepayment, then such Eurodollar Loan shall be converted into a Base Rate Loan on the date of such prepayment.  Any prepayment 44         of a Eurodollar Loan pursuant to this Section 2.11 shall be subject to the prepayment provisions set forth in Article III hereof.     Section 2.12.  Cash Collateral.  At any time that there shall exist a Defaulting Lender, within one Business Day following the written request of the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), the Borrower shall Cash Collateralize the Issuing Lender’s Fronting Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender (determined after giving effect to Section 11.10(a)(iv) hereof and any Cash Collateral provided by such Defaulting Lender) in an amount not less than the Minimum Collateral Amount. (a) Grant of Security Interest.  The Borrower, and to the extent provided by any Defaulting Lender, such Defaulting Lender, hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Issuing Lender, and agrees to maintain, a first priority security interest in all such Cash Collateral as security for the Defaulting Lender’s obligation to fund participations in respect of the Letter of Credit Exposure, to be applied pursuant to subsection (b) below.  If, at any time, the Administrative Agent determines that Cash Collateral is subject to any right or claim of any Person other than the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender as herein provided, or that the total amount of such Cash Collateral is less than the Minimum Collateral Amount, the Borrower  will,  promptly  after  written  demand  by  the  Administrative  Agent,  pay  or  provide  to  the  Administrative  Agent  additional  Cash  Collateral  in  an  amount  sufficient  to  eliminate  such deficiency (after giving effect to any Cash Collateral provided by such Defaulting Lender).   (b) Application.   Notwithstanding anything  to the  contrary contained  in this Agreement, Cash  Collateral provided  under this  Section 2.12  or Section  11.10 in  respect of Letters  of  Credit  shall  be  applied  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Defaulting  Lender’s  obligation  to  fund  participations  in  respect  of  the  Letter  of  Credit  Exposure  (including,  as  to  Cash  Collateral provided by a Defaulting Lender, any interest accrued on such obligation) for which the Cash Collateral was so provided, prior to any other application of such property as may otherwise be provided for herein.   (c) Termination of Requirement.  Cash Collateral (or the appropriate portion thereof) provided to reduce the Issuing Lender’s Fronting Exposure shall no longer be required to be held  as Cash Collateral  pursuant  to this Section  2.12 following  (i) the elimination  of the  applicable  Fronting  Exposure  (including  by the  termination  of Defaulting  Lender  status of the applicable Lender), or (ii) the determination by the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender that there exists excess Cash Collateral; provided that (A) subject to Section 11.10 hereof, the Person providing Cash Collateral and the Issuing Lender may agree that Cash Collateral shall be held to support future anticipated Fronting Exposure or other obligations, and (B) the extent that such Cash Collateral was provided by the Borrower, such Cash Collateral shall remain subject to any security interest granted pursuant to the Loan Documents. Section 2.13.  Swap Obligations Keepwell Provision.  The Borrower, to the extent that it is an “eligible contract participant” as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act, hereby absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably undertakes to provide such funds or other support as may be needed from time to time by each other Credit Party in order for such Credit Party to 45             honor its obligations under the Loan Documents in respect of the Swap Obligations.  The obligations of the Borrower under this Section 2.13 shall remain in full force and effect until all Secured Obligations are Paid in Full. The Borrower intends that this Section 2.13 constitute, and this Section 2.13 shall be deemed to constitute, a “keepwell, support, or other agreement” for the benefit of each other Credit Party for all purposes of Section 1a(18)(A)(v)(II) of the Commodity Exchange Act. ARTICLE III.  ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO EURODOLLAR LOANS; INCREASED CAPITAL; TAXES Section 3.1.  Requirements of Law. (a) If any Change in Law shall: (i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender (except any reserve requirement reflected in the Eurodollar Rate) or the Issuing Lender; (ii) subject any Recipient to any Taxes (other than (A) Indemnified Taxes, (B) Taxes described in subparts (b) through (d) of the definition of Excluded Taxes and (C) Connection Income Taxes) on any Loan, Letter of Credit, or commitment or other obligation hereunder, or its deposits, reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto; or (iii) impose  on  any  Lender  or  the  Issuing  Lender  or  the  London  interbank  market  any  other  condition,  cost  or  expense  (other  than  Taxes)  affecting  this Agreement or Loans made by such Lender or any Letter of Credit or participation therein; (b) If any Lender shall have determined that, after the Closing Date, any Change in Law regarding capital adequacy or liquidity, or liquidity requirements, or compliance by such Lender or any corporation controlling such Lender with any request or directive regarding capital adequacy or liquidity (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority shall have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s or such corporation’s capital as a consequence of its obligations hereunder, or under or in respect of any Letter of Credit, to a level below that which such Lender or such corporation could have achieved but for such Change in Law or compliance (taking into consideration the policies of such Lender or such corporation  with  respect  to capital  adequacy  and  liquidity),  then  from  time  to time,  upon  submission  by such  Lender  to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of a written request therefor (which shall include the method for calculating such amount and reasonable detail with respect to such calculation), the Borrower shall promptly pay or cause to be paid to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such corporation for such reduction. (c) [Reserved.] 46                     (d) A  certificate  as  to  any  additional  amounts  payable  pursuant  to  this  Section  3.1  together  with  a  reasonably  detailed  calculation  and  description  of  such  amounts contemplated by this Section 3.1, submitted by any Lender to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) shall be rebuttably presumptive evidence as to such additional amounts. In determining any such additional amounts, such Lender may use any method of averaging and attribution that it (in its reasonable credit judgment) shall deem applicable.  The obligations of the Borrower pursuant to this Section 3.1 shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder. (e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Lender shall be entitled to any indemnification or reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3.1 to the extent such Lender has not made a written  demand  therefore  (as  set  forth  above)  within  nine  months  after  the  occurrence  of  the  event  giving  rise  to  such  entitlement  (except  that,  if  the  Change  in  Law  giving  rise  to  such indemnification or reimbursement is retroactive, then the nine-month period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof). Section 3.2.  Taxes. (a) Payments Free of Taxes; Obligation to Withhold; Payments on Account of Taxes. (i) Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of any Credit Party under any Loan Document shall be made without deduction or withholding for  any  Taxes,  except  as  required  by  applicable  Laws.    If  any  applicable  Laws  (as  determined  in  the  good  faith  discretion  of  an  applicable  Withholding  Agent)  require  the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by the applicable Withholding Agent, then the applicable Withholding Agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding. (ii) If  any  Withholding  Agent  shall  be  required  by  any  applicable  Laws  to  withhold  or  deduct  any  Taxes  from  any  payment,  then  (A)  such  Withholding Agent, as required by such Laws, shall withhold or make such deductions,  (B) such Withholding  Agent, to the extent required by such Laws, shall timely pay the full amount withheld  or  deducted  to  the  relevant  Governmental  Authority  in  accordance  with  such  Laws,  and  (C)  to  the  extent  that  the  withholding  or  deduction  is  made  on  account  of Indemnified Taxes, the sum payable by the applicable Credit Party shall be increased as necessary so that, after any required withholding or deductions for Indemnified Taxes have been made (including deductions for Indemnified Taxes applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 3.2), the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such withholding or deduction for Indemnified Taxes been made. (b) Payment of Other Taxes by the Credit Parties.  Without limiting the provisions of subsection (a) above, the Credit Parties shall timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Law, or, at the option of the Administrative Agent, timely reimburse it for the payment of, any Other Taxes. 47                   (c) Tax Indemnifications. (i) Each of the Credit Parties shall, and does hereby, jointly and severally indemnify each Recipient, and shall make payment in respect thereof within ten days after written demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this  Section  3.2)  payable  or  paid  by  such  Recipient,  or  required  to  be  withheld  or  deducted  from  a  payment  to  such  Recipient,  and  any  documented  reasonable  out-of-pocket expenses  arising  therefrom  or  with  respect  thereto,  whether  or  not  such  Indemnified  Taxes  were  correctly  or  legally  imposed  or  asserted  by  the  relevant  Governmental Authority.  A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender or the Issuing Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender or the Issuing Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error.   (ii) Each Lender and the Issuing Lender shall, and does hereby, severally indemnify, and shall make payment in respect thereof within ten days after demand therefor, (A) the Administrative Agent against any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender or the Issuing Lender (but only to the extent that any Credit Party has not already indemnified the Administrative Agent for such Indemnified Taxes and, without limiting the obligation of the Credit Parties to do so), (B) the Administrative Agent and the Credit Parties, as applicable, against any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 11.9(d) hereof relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register, and (C) the Administrative Agent and the Credit Parties, as applicable, against any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender or the Issuing Lender, in each case, that are  payable  or  paid  by  the  Administrative  Agent  or  a  Credit  Party  in  connection  with  any  Loan  Document,  and  any  documented  reasonable  out-of-pocket  expenses  arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority.  A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Administrative Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error.  Each Lender and the Issuing Lender hereby authorize the Administrative Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender or the Issuing lender, as the case may be, under this Agreement or any other Loan Document against any amount due to the Administrative Agent under this subpart (ii). (d) Evidence of Payments.  As soon as practicable after any payment of Taxes by any Credit Party to a Governmental Authority pursuant to this Section 3.2, the Borrower or such Credit Party shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of any return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (e) Status of Lenders; Tax Documentation. 48             (i) Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Loan Document shall deliver to the Borrower  and the Administrative Agent, at  the time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or  the Administrative Agent, such properly  completed and executed documentation  reasonably  requested  by  the  Borrower  or  the  Administrative  Agent  as  will  permit  such  payments  to  be  made  without  withholding  or  at  a  reduced  rate  of withholding.  In addition, any Lender, if reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable Law or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to  backup  withholding  or  information  reporting  requirements.    Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  in  the  preceding  two  (2)  sentences,  the  completion,  execution  and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Section 3.2(e)(ii)(A), (ii)(B) and (ii)(D) below) shall not be required if, in the Lender’s reasonable judgment,  such  completion,  execution  or  submission  would  subject  such  Lender  to  any  material  unreimbursed  cost  or  expense,  or  would  materially  prejudice  the  legal  or commercial position of such Lender. (ii) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is a U.S. Person, (A) any Lender that is a U.S. Person shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes  a  Lender  under  this  Agreement  (and  from  time  to  time  thereafter  upon  the  reasonable  request  of  the  Borrower  or  the  Administrative  Agent),  executed copies of IRS Form W-9 certifying that such Lender is exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding tax; (B) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), whichever of the following is applicable: (1) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party (y) with respect  to  payments  of  interest  under  any  Loan  Document,  executed  copies  of  IRS  Form  W-8BEN-E  (or  W-8BEN,  as  applicable)  establishing  an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty, and (z) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Loan Document, IRS Form W-8BEN-E (or W-8BEN, as applicable)  establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty; 49             (2) executed originals of IRS Form W-8ECI; (3) in  the  case  of  a  Foreign  Lender  claiming  the  benefits  of  the  exemption  for  portfolio  interest  under  Section  881(c)  of  the Code, (y) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit G-1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A)  of  the  Code,  a  “10  percent  shareholder”  of  the  Borrower  within  the  meaning  of  Section  881(c)(3)(B)  of  the  Code,  or  a  “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate”), and (z) executed copies of IRS Form W- 8BEN-E (or W-8BEN, as applicable); or (4) to  the  extent  a  Foreign  Lender  is  not  the  beneficial  owner,  executed  copies  of  IRS  Form  W-8IMY,  accompanied  by  IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8BEN-E (or W-8BEN, as applicable), a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit  G-2 or Exhibit G-3, IRS Form W-9, and other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if, the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate, substantially in the form of Exhibit G-4 hereto on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner; (C) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed copies (or originals, as required) of any other form prescribed by applicable  Law  as  a  basis  for  claiming  exemption  from  or  a  reduction  in  U.S.  federal  withholding  Tax,  duly  completed,  together  with  such  supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable Law to permit the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made; and (D) if a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender  were  to  fail  to  comply  with  the  applicable  reporting  requirements  of  FATCA  (including  those  contained  in  Section  1471(b)  or  1472(b)  of  the  Code,  as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent at the time or times prescribed by Law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent such documentation prescribed by applicable Law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the  Code)  and  such  additional  documentation  reasonably  requested  by  the  Borrower  or  the  Administrative  Agent  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  Borrower  and  the Administrative Agent to comply with their obligations 50           under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment.  Solely for purposes of this subpart (D), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement. (iii) Each Lender agrees that if, any form or certification it previously delivered pursuant to this Section 3.2 expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so. (f) Treatment of Certain Refunds.  If any Recipient determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it has received a refund of, or deduction or credit with respect to, any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by any Credit Party or with respect to which any Credit Party has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section 3.2 (any such refund, deduction or credit, a “Tax Benefit”), it shall pay to such Credit Party an amount equal to such Tax Benefit (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by such Credit Party under this Section 3.2 with respect to the Taxes giving rise to such Tax Benefit); net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) incurred by such Recipient, as the case may be, and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such Tax Benefit), provided that each Credit Party, upon the request of the Recipient, agrees  to  repay  the  amount  paid  over  to  such  Credit  Party  (plus  any  penalties,  interest  or  other  charges  imposed  by  the  relevant  Governmental  Authority)  to  the  Recipient  in  the  event  the Recipient  is  required  to  repay  such  Tax  Benefit  to  such  Governmental  Authority.    Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  in  this  subsection,  in  no  event  will  the  applicable  Recipient  be required to pay any amount to such Credit Party pursuant to this subsection the payment of which would place the Recipient in a less favorable net after-Tax position than such Recipient would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such Tax Benefit had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid.  This subsection shall not be construed to require any Recipient to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its taxes that it deems confidential) to any Credit Party or any other Person. (g) Survival.  Each party’s obligations under this Section 3.2 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender or the Issuing Lender, the termination of the Commitment and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all other Obligations. (h) Defined Terms.  For purposes of this Section 3.2, the term “applicable Law” includes FATCA. Section 3.3.  Funding Losses.  The Borrower agrees to indemnify each Lender, promptly after receipt of a written request therefor, and to hold each Lender harmless from, any loss or  documented  out-of-pocket  expense  that  such  Lender  may  sustain  or  incur  as  a  consequence  of  (a)  default  by  the Borrower in  making  a  borrowing  of,  conversion  into  or  continuation  of Eurodollar  Loans after  the  Borrower has  given  a  notice  (including  a  written  or  verbal  notice  that  is  subsequently  revoked)  requesting  the  same  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this Agreement, 51             (b) default by the Borrower in making any prepayment of or conversion from  Eurodollar Loans after the Borrower has given a notice (including a written or verbal notice that is subsequently revoked unless such revocation is otherwise permitted hereunder) thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, (c) the making of a prepayment of a Eurodollar Loan on a day that is not  the  last  day  of  an  Interest  Period  applicable  thereto, or  (d) any  conversion  of  a  Eurodollar Loan to  a  Base  Rate  Loan  on  a  day  that  is  not  the  last  day  of  an  Interest  Period  applicable thereto.  Such indemnification shall be in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the amount of interest that would have accrued on the amounts so prepaid, or not so borrowed, converted or continued, for the period from the date of such prepayment or of such failure to borrow, convert or continue to the last day of such Interest Period (or, in the case of a failure to borrow, convert or continue, the Interest Period that would have commenced on the date of such failure) in each case at the applicable rate of interest for such Loans provided for herein (excluding, however, the Applicable Margin included therein, if any) over (ii) the amount of interest (as reasonably determined by such Lender) that would have accrued to such Lender on such amount by placing such amount on deposit for a comparable period with leading banks in the appropriate London interbank market, along with any customary administration fee charged by such Lender (that shall be consistent  with  those  charged  to  other  borrowers  in  similar  situations).    A  certificate  as  to  any  amounts  payable  pursuant  to  this  Section  3.3  submitted  to  the Borrower (with  a  copy  to  the Administrative  Agent)  by  any  Lender,  together  with  a  reasonably  detailed  calculation  and  description  of  such  amounts,  shall  be  rebuttably  presumptive  evidence  as  to  such  amounts.   The obligations of the Borrower pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder. Section 3.4. Change of Lending Office.  Each Lender agrees that, upon the occurrence of any event giving rise to the operation of Section 3.1 or 3.2(a) hereof with respect to such Lender, it will, if requested by the Borrower, use reasonable efforts (subject to overall policy considerations of such Lender) to designate another lending office (or an affiliate of such Lender, if practical for such Lender) for any Loans affected by such event with the object of avoiding the consequences of such event; provided, that such designation is made on terms that, in the sole judgment of such Lender, cause such Lender and its lending office(s) to suffer no economic, legal or regulatory disadvantage; and provided, further, that nothing in this Section 3.4 shall affect or postpone any of the obligations of the Borrower or the rights of any Lender pursuant to Section 3.1 or 3.2(a) hereof. Section 3.5.  Eurodollar Rate Lending Unlawful; Inability to Determine Rate. (a) If any Lender shall determine (which determination shall, upon notice thereof to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, be conclusive and binding on the Borrower) that, after the Closing Date, (i) the introduction of or any change in or in the interpretation of any Law makes it unlawful, or (ii) any Governmental Authority asserts that it is unlawful, for such Lender to make or continue any Loan as, or to convert (if permitted pursuant to this Agreement) any Loan into, a Eurodollar Loan, the obligations of such Lender to make, continue or convert into any such Eurodollar Loan shall, upon such determination, be suspended until such Lender shall notify the Administrative Agent that the circumstances causing such suspension no longer exist, and all outstanding Eurodollar Loans payable to such Lender shall automatically convert (if conversion is permitted under this Agreement) into a Base Rate Loan, or be repaid (if no 52         conversion is permitted) at the end of the then current Interest Periods with respect thereto or sooner, if required by Law or such assertion. (b) Except with respect to the cessation of the Eurodollar Rate as contemplated by Section 3.8 hereof, if the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders determine that for any other reason adequate and reasonable means do not exist for determining the Eurodollar Rate for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Eurodollar Loan, or that the Eurodollar  Rate  for  any  requested  Interest  Period  with  respect  to  a  proposed  Eurodollar  Loan  does  not  adequately  and  fairly  reflect  the  cost  to  the  Lenders  of  funding  such  Loan,  the Administrative Agent will promptly so notify the Borrower and each Lender.  Thereafter, the obligation of the Lenders to make or maintain such Eurodollar Loan shall be suspended until the Administrative  Agent  (upon  the  instruction  of  the  Required  Lenders)  revokes  such  notice.    Upon  receipt  of  such  notice,  the  Borrower  may  revoke  any  pending  request  for  a  borrowing  of, conversion to or continuation of such Eurodollar Loan or, failing that, will be deemed to have converted such request into a request for a borrowing of a Base Rate Loan in the amount specified therein. Section 3.6.  Replacement of Lenders.  The Borrower shall be permitted to replace any Lender that requests reimbursement for amounts owing pursuant to Section 3.1 or 3.2(a) hereof, or asserts its inability  to make a Eurodollar  Loan pursuant to Section 3.5 hereof; provided  that (a) such replacement  does not conflict  with any Change in Law, (b) prior to any such replacement, such Lender shall have taken no action under Section 3.4 hereof so as to eliminate the continued need for payment of amounts owing pursuant to Section 3.1 or 3.2(a) hereof or, if it has taken any action, such request has still been made, (c) the replacement financial institution shall purchase, at par, all Loans and other amounts owing to such replaced Lender on or prior to the date of replacement and assume all commitments and obligations of such replaced Lender, (d) the Borrower shall be liable to such replaced Lender under Section 3.3 hereof if any Eurodollar Loan owing to such replaced Lender shall be purchased other than on the last day of the Interest Period relating thereto, (e) the replacement Lender, if not already a Lender, shall be reasonably satisfactory  to  the  Administrative  Agent,  (f)  the  replaced  Lender  shall  be  obligated  to  make  such  replacement  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Section  11.9  hereof  (provided  that  the Borrower (or the succeeding Lender, if such Lender is willing) shall be obligated to pay the assignment fee referred to therein), and (g) until such time as such replacement shall be consummated, the  Borrower  shall  pay  all  additional  amounts  (if  any)  required  pursuant  to  Section  3.1  or  3.2(a)  hereof,  as  the  case  may  be;  provided  that  a  Lender  shall  not  be  required  to  make  any  such assignment if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Lender or otherwise, the circumstances entitling the Borrower to replace such Lender cease to apply. Section 3.7.  Discretion of Lenders as to Manner of Funding.  Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, each Lender shall be entitled to fund and maintain its funding of all or any part of such Lender’s Loans in any manner such Lender deems to be appropriate; it being understood, however, that for the purposes of this Agreement all determinations hereunder shall be made as if such Lender had actually funded and maintained each Eurodollar Loan during the applicable Interest Period for such Loan through the purchase of deposits having a maturity corresponding to such Interest Period and bearing an interest rate equal to the Eurodollar Rate for such Interest Period. 53           Section 3.8.  Benchmark Replacement Setting. (a) Benchmark Replacement.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, if a Benchmark Transition Event or an Early Opt-in Election, as  applicable,  and  its  related  Benchmark  Replacement  Date  have  occurred  prior  to  the  Reference  Time  in  respect  of  any  setting  of  the  then-current  Benchmark,  then  (i)  if  a  Benchmark Replacement is determined in accordance with clause (a) or (b) of the definition of “Benchmark Replacement” for such Benchmark Replacement Date, such Benchmark Replacement will replace such Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Loan Document in respect of such Benchmark setting and subsequent Benchmark settings without any amendment to, or further action or consent of any other party to, this Agreement or any other Loan Document and (ii) if a Benchmark Replacement is determined in accordance with clause (c) of the definition of “Benchmark Replacement” for such Benchmark Replacement Date, in each instance notwithstanding the requirements of Section 11.3 hereof or anything else contained herein or in any other Loan Document, such Benchmark Replacement will replace such Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Loan Document in respect of any Benchmark setting at or after 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the fifth (5th) Business Day after the date notice of such Benchmark Replacement is provided to the Lenders without any amendment to, or further action or consent of any other party to, this Agreement  or  any  other  Loan  Document  so  long  as  the  Administrative  Agent  has  not  received,  by  such  time,  written  notice  of  objection  to  such  Benchmark  Replacement  from  Lenders comprising the Required Lenders. (b) Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes.  In connection with the implementation of a Benchmark Replacement, the Administrative Agent will have the right to make Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes from time to time and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, any amendments implementing such Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement or any other Loan Document. (c) Notices; Standards for Decisions and Determinations.  The Administrative Agent will promptly notify the Borrower and the Lenders in writing of (i) any occurrence of a Benchmark  Transition  Event  or  an  Early  Opt-in  Election,  as  applicable,  and  its  related  Benchmark  Replacement  Date,  (ii)  the  implementation  of  any  Benchmark  Replacement,  (iii)  the effectiveness of any Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes, (iv) the removal or reinstatement of any tenor of a Benchmark pursuant to clause (d) below and (v) the commencement or conclusion of any Benchmark Unavailability Period.  Any determination, decision or election that may be made by the Administrative Agent or, if applicable, any Lender (or group of Lenders) pursuant  to  this  Section  3.8,  including,  without  limitation,  any  determination  with  respect  to  a  tenor,  rate  or  adjustment,  or  implementation  of  any  Benchmark  Replacement  Conforming Changes,  or of the occurrence or non-occurrence of an event, circumstance or date and any decision to take or refrain from taking any action or any selection, will be conclusive and binding on all parties hereto absent manifest error and may be made in its or their sole discretion and without consent from any other party to this Agreement or any other Loan Document, except, in each case, as expressly required pursuant to this Section 3.8 and shall not be a basis of any claim of liability of any kind or nature by any party hereto, all such claims being hereby waived individually be each party hereto. 54         (d) Unavailability of Tenor of Benchmark.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, at any time (including in connection with the implementation of a Benchmark Replacement), (i) if the then-current Benchmark is a term rate (including Term SOFR or the Eurodollar Rate) and either (A) any tenor for such Benchmark is not displayed on a screen or other information service that publishes such rate from time to time as selected by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion or (B) the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark or a Relevant Governmental Body has provided a public statement or publication of information announcing that any tenor for such Benchmark is or will be no longer representative, then the Administrative Agent may modify the definition of “Interest Period” for any Benchmark settings at or after such time to remove such unavailable or non- representative  tenor  and  (ii)  if  a  tenor  that  was  removed  pursuant  to  clause  (i)  above  either  (A)  is  subsequently  displayed  on  a  screen  or  information  service  for  a  Benchmark  (including  a Benchmark Replacement) or (B) is not, or is no longer, subject to an announcement that it is or will no longer be representative for a Benchmark (including a Benchmark Replacement), then the Administrative Agent may modify the definition of “Interest Period” for all Benchmark settings at or after such time to reinstate such previously removed tenor. (e) Benchmark Unavailability Period.  Upon the Borrower’s receipt of notice of the commencement of a Benchmark Unavailability Period, the Borrower may revoke any request for a borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurodollar Loans to be made, converted or continued during any Benchmark Unavailability Period and, failing that, the Borrower will be deemed to have converted any such request into a request for a borrowing of or conversion to Base Rate Loans.  During any Benchmark Unavailability Period or at any time that a tenor for the then-current Benchmark is not an Available Tenor, the component of Base Rate based upon the then-current Benchmark or such tenor for such Benchmark, as applicable, will not be used in any determination of the Base Rate.   (f) Eurodollar Rate Notification.   The  interest  rate  on  Eurodollar  Loans  is  determined  by  reference  to  the Eurodollar Rate,  which  is  derived  from  the  London  interbank offered  rate.    The  London  interbank  offered  rate  is  intended  to  represent  the  rate  at  which  contributing  banks  may  obtain  short-term  borrowings  from  each  other  in  the  London  interbank market.  In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced that, after the end of 2021, it would no longer persuade or compel contributing banks to make rate submissions to the ICE Benchmark Administration (together with any successor to the ICE Benchmark Administrator, the “IBA”) for purposes of the IBA setting the London interbank offered rate.  As a result, it is possible that commencing in 2022, the London interbank offered rate may no longer be available or may no longer be deemed an appropriate reference rate upon which to determine the interest rate on Eurodollar Loans.  In light of this eventuality, public and private sector industry initiatives are currently underway to identify new or alternative reference rates to be used in place of the London interbank offered rate.  In the event that the London interbank offered rate is no longer available or in certain other circumstances as set forth in this Section 3.8, this Section 3.8 provides a mechanism for determining an alternative rate of interest.  The Administrative Agent will notify the Borrower, pursuant to this Section 3.8, in advance of any change to the reference rate upon which the interest rate on Eurodollar Loans is based.  However, the Administrative Agent does not warrant or accept any responsibility for, and shall not have any liability with 55         respect to, the administration, submission or any other matter related to the London interbank offered rate or other rates in the definition of “Eurodollar Rate”, or with respect to any alternative or successor rate thereto, or replacement rate therefor or thereof, including, without limitation, whether the composition or characteristics of any such alternative, successor or replacement reference rate, as it may or may not be adjusted pursuant to this Section 3.8, will be similar to, or produce the same value or economic equivalence of, the Eurodollar Rate or has the same volume or liquidity as did the London interbank offered rate prior to its discontinuance or unavailability. ARTICLE IV.  CONDITIONS PRECEDENT Section 4.1.  Conditions to Each Credit Event.  The obligation of the Lenders and the Issuing Lender to participate in any Credit Event shall be conditioned, in the case of each Credit Event, upon the following: (a) all conditions precedent as listed in Section 4.2 hereof required to be satisfied prior to the first Credit Event after the Closing Date shall have been satisfied prior to or as of such Credit Event; (b) complied with Section 2.5 hereof; the Borrower shall  have  submitted  a  Notice  of  Loan  (or  with  respect  to  a  Letter  of  Credit,  complied  with  the  provisions  of  Section  2.2(b)(ii)  hereof)  and  otherwise (c) (d) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or immediately after such Credit Event would result therefrom; and each of the representations and warranties contained in Article VI hereof shall be true in all material respects as if made on and as of the date of such Credit Event, except to the extent that any thereof expressly relate to an earlier date. Each request by the Borrower for a  Credit Event shall be deemed  to be a representation and  warranty by  the Borrower as  of  the  date  of  such  request  as  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  conditions precedent specified in subsections (c) and (d) above. Section 4.2.  Conditions to the First Credit Event.  The Borrower shall cause the following conditions to be satisfied on or prior to the Closing Date.  The obligation of the Lenders and the Issuing Lender to participate in the first Credit Event is subject to the Borrower satisfying each of the following conditions prior to or concurrently with such Credit Event: (a) (b) Notes as Requested.  The Borrower shall have executed and delivered to each Lender requesting a Revolving Credit Note such Lender’s Revolving Credit Note. Subsidiary Documents.  Each Guarantor of Payment shall have executed and delivered to the Administrative Agent (i) a Guaranty of Payment, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, and (ii) a Security Agreement and such other 56                         documents or instruments, as may be required by the Administrative Agent to create or perfect the Liens of the Administrative Agent in the assets of such Guarantor of Payment, all to be in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (c) Pledge Agreements.  Each Credit Party that has a Subsidiary shall have (i) executed and delivered to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a Pledge Agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, with respect to the Pledged Securities, (ii) executed and delivered to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit  of  the  Lenders, appropriate  transfer powers  for  each  of  the Pledged  Securities that  are  certificated,  and  (iii)  delivered to  the  Administrative Agent,  for  the  benefit of  the  Lenders,  the Pledged Securities (to the extent such Pledged Securities are certificated). (d) Intellectual Property Security Agreements.  Each Credit Party that owns U.S. registered  intellectual  property  shall have executed  and delivered  to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, an Intellectual Property Security Agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (e) Lien Searches.  With respect to the property  owned or leased by each Credit Party, and any other property  securing the Obligations located in the United States, the Administrative Agent shall have received (i) the results of Uniform Commercial Code lien searches, reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, (ii) the results of federal and state tax lien and judicial lien searches and pending litigation and bankruptcy searches, in each case satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and (iii) Uniform Commercial Code termination statements reflecting termination of all U.C.C. Financing Statements previously filed by any Person and not expressly permitted pursuant to Section 5.9 hereof.   (f) Officer’s Certificate, Resolutions, Organizational Documents.  The Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent an officer’s or secretary’s certificate (or comparable domestic or foreign documents) certifying the names of the officers of each Credit Party authorized to sign the Loan Documents, together with the true signatures of such officers and certified copies of (i) the resolutions of the board of directors (or comparable domestic or foreign documents) of such Credit Party evidencing approval of the execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents to which such Credit Party is a party, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, and (ii) the Organizational Documents of such Credit Party. (g) Good Standing Certificates.  The Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent a good standing certificate or full force and effect certificate (or comparable document, if neither certificate is available in the applicable jurisdiction), as the case may be, for each Credit Party, issued on or about the Closing Date by the Secretary of State in the state or states where such Credit Party is incorporated or formed or qualified as a foreign entity. (h) Legal  Opinion.    The  Borrower  shall  have  delivered  to  the  Administrative  Agent  an  opinion  of  counsel  for  each  Credit  Party  (excluding  corporate  and  Florida  law opinions with 57               respect to Broadsmart Global, Inc.), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders. (i) KYC Information.  Upon the request of any Lender made at least ten days prior to the Closing Date, the Borrower shall have provided to such Lender the documentation and other information so requested in connection with applicable “know your customer” and anti‑money‑laundering rules and regulations, including the PATRIOT Act, in each case at least five days prior to the Closing Date. (j) Advertising Permission Letter.  The Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent an advertising permission letter, authorizing the Administrative Agent to publicize the transaction and specifically to use the name of the Borrower in connection with “tombstone” advertisements in one or more publications selected by the Administrative Agent. (k) Closing and Solvency Certificate.  The Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent an officer’s certificate certifying that, as of the Closing Date, (i) all conditions precedent set forth in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 have been satisfied, (ii) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or immediately after the first Credit Event would result therefrom, (iii) each of the representations and warranties contained in Article VI hereof are true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date, and (iv) the Borrower (on a consolidated basis) is Solvent as of the Closing Date. (l) Administrative Agent Fee Letter and Other Fees.  The Borrower shall have (i) substantially concurrently on the Closing Date paid to the Administrative Agent, for its sole account, the fees stated in the Administrative Agent Fee Letter, and (ii) subject to any agreed upon limitation, paid all documented reasonable out-of-pocket legal fees and expenses of the Administrative Agent (to the extent invoiced at least three (3) Business Days prior to the Closing Date) in connection with the preparation and negotiation of the Loan Documents. (m) Insurance  Certificates.    The  Borrower  shall  have  delivered  to  the  Administrative  Agent certificates  of  insurance  on  ACORD  25  and  27  or  28  form  and  proof  of endorsements reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, providing for adequate personal property and liability insurance for each Company, with  the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Lenders, listed as, lender’s loss payee and additional insured. (n) No  Material  Adverse  Change.    No  material  adverse  change  shall  have  occurred  in  the  financial  condition  or  operations  of  the  Companies  since  January  31,  2020; provided that the impact of COVID-19 on the Borrower and its Subsidiaries that have occurred and were disclosed to or discussed with the Administrative Agent prior to the Closing Date or is otherwise general public knowledge prior to the Closing Date shall be disregarded. Section 4.3.  Post-Closing Conditions.  On or before each of the dates specified in this Section 4.3 (unless a longer period is agreed to in writing by the Administrative Agent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld), the Borrower shall satisfy each of the following items specified in the subsections below: 58                   (a) Control  Agreements.    No  later  than  ninety  (90)  days  after  the  Closing  Date,  the  Borrower shall  have  delivered  to  the  Administrative  Agent  an  executed  Control Agreement,  in  form  and  substance  satisfactory  to  the  Administrative  Agent,  for  each  Deposit  Account  (other  than  Excluded  Accounts)  and  each  Securities  Account  (other  than  Excluded Accounts) maintained by the Borrower or a Guarantor of Payment. (b) Landlords’ Waivers.  No later than ninety (90) days after the Closing Date, the Borrower shall have delivered a Landlord’s Waiver, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, for each domestic location of the Borrower or a Guarantor of Payment where any of the collateral (with a net book value in excess of [***] securing any part of the Obligations is located, unless such location is owned by the Company that owns the collateral located there. (c) Deposit  Account  and  U.C.C.  Termination  Statement.    No  later  than  thirty  (30)  days  after  the  Closing  Date,  (a)  the  Credit  Parties  shall  close  the  Deposit  Account maintained at Banc of California, N.A. and (b) the Administrative Agent shall have received a Uniform Commercial Code termination statement reflecting termination of the U.C.C. Financing Statements previously filed by Banc of California, N.A.   ARTICLE V.  COVENANTS Section 5.1.  Insurance.  Each Company shall at all times maintain insurance upon its Inventory, Equipment and other personal and real property (including, if applicable, insurance required by the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994) in such form, written by such companies, in such amounts, for such periods, and against such risks as is customarily maintained by comparable  companies  engaged  in  the  same  or  similar  lines  of  business  (it  being  agreed  that  the  insurance  in  place  on  the  Closing  Date  satisfies  the  forgoing  conditions),  with  provisions reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent for, with respect to Credit Parties, payment of all losses thereunder to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, and such Credit Party as their interests may appear (with lender’s loss payable and additional insured endorsements, as appropriate, in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders), and, if required by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall furnish copies of the policies to the Administrative Agent.  Any such policies of insurance shall provide for no fewer than thirty (30) days prior written notice of cancellation to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders.  Any sums received by the Administrative Agent in payment of insurance losses, returns, or unearned premiums under such policies shall be promptly delivered to the Borrower; provided that, during the continuance of an Event of Default, such sums may, at the option of the Administrative Agent, be applied upon the Obligations whether or not the same are then due and payable, or be delivered to the Borrower, including for the purpose of replacing, repairing, or restoring the insured  property.    The  Administrative  Agent  is  hereby  authorized  to  act  as  attorney-in-fact  for  the  Companies,  after  the  occurrence  and  during  the  continuance  of  an  Event  of  Default,  in obtaining, adjusting and settling such insurance and indorsing any drafts.  Within ten days of the Administrative Agent’s written request, which so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing may not be made more than twice a year, the Borrower shall furnish to the Administrative Agent such information about the insurance of the Companies as the 59             Administrative Agent may from time to time reasonably request, which information shall be prepared in form and detail reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and certified by a Financial Officer. Section 5.2.  Money Obligations.  Each Company shall pay in full (a) prior in each case to the date when penalties would attach, all material taxes, assessments and governmental charges and levies (except only those so long as and to the extent that the same shall be contested in good faith by appropriate and timely proceedings and for which adequate provisions have been established in accordance with GAAP) for which it may be or become liable or to which any or all of its properties may be or become subject; (b) all of its material wage obligations to its employees in compliance with the Fair Labor Standards Act (29 U.S.C. §§ 206‑207) or any comparable provisions (except for non-compliance being contested in good faith by appropriate and timely proceedings); and (c) all of its other material obligations calling for the payment of money (except in the case of any of the foregoing obligations described in this Section 5.2, only those so long as and to the extent that nonpayment of the same would not cause a Material Adverse Effect) before such payment becomes overdue. Section 5.3.  Financial Statements and Information. (a) Quarterly  Financials.    The  Borrower  shall  deliver  to  the  Administrative  Agent  and  the  Lenders,  within  forty-five  (45)  days  after  the  end  of  the  first  three  quarterly periods of each fiscal year of the Borrower (or, if earlier, within five days after the date on which the Borrower shall be required to submit its Form 10-Q), balance sheets of the Companies as of the end of such period and statements of income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flow for the quarter and fiscal year to date periods, all prepared on a Consolidated basis, in form and detail reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders and certified by a Financial Officer. (b) Annual Audit Report.  The Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, within ninety (90) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower (or, if earlier, within five days after the date on which the Borrower shall be required to submit its Form 10-K), an annual audit report of the Companies for that year prepared on a Consolidated basis, in form and detail reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders and certified by an unqualified opinion of an independent public accountant reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, which report shall include balance sheets and statements of income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash-flow for that period. (c) Compliance Certificate.  The Borrower shall deliver a Compliance Certificate to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, concurrently with the delivery (or deemed delivery) of the financial statements set forth in subsections (a) and (b) above. (d) Annual Budget.  The Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, within sixty (60) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower, an annual budget of the Companies for the then current fiscal year, to be in form and detail reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, it being agreed that an annual budget that substantially follows the format and level of detail of the annual budget provided to the Administrative Agent prior to the Closing 60               Date and attached as Exhibit A to the Confidential Disclosure Letter, shall be deemed to be in form and detail reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (e) SEC Filings. Promptly after the same are publicly available, to the extent not publicly accessible through the Securities and Exchange Commission’s or the Borrower’s website, copies of all annual, regular, periodic and special reports, proxy statements and registration statements which the Borrower files with the SEC or with any Governmental Authority that may be substituted therefor or with any national securities exchange, as the case may be (other than amendments to any registration statement (to the extent such registration statement, in the form it became effective, is delivered to the Administrative Agent), exhibits to any registration statement and, if applicable, any registration statement on Form S-8), and in any case not otherwise required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to any other clause of this Section 5.3. (f) Financial Information of the Companies.  The Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, promptly upon the written request of the Administrative Agent, such other information about the financial condition, properties and operations of any Company as the Administrative Agent may from time to time reasonably request, which information shall be submitted in form and detail reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.   Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  herein  (including  clause  (f)  above  and  Section  5.21),  none  of  the  Administrative  Agent,  the  Lenders  or  any  Affiliates  thereof  shall  be  entitled  to examine,  access,  audit,  check,  inspect  or  make  abstracts  and  copies  with  respect  to  any  items  (and  no  Company  shall  be  required  to  furnish  any  such  items)  (i)  as  to  which  legal  counsel reasonably determines that the receipt or inspection of such item would jeopardize or otherwise impair the attorney-client privilege or constitutes attorney work product, (ii) if the item relates to any Credit Party’s  or any of their respective  Subsidiaries’  strategy,  negotiating  position  or similar  matters  relating  to this Agreement,  the Loan Documents  and the transactions  contemplated therein, or (iii) if access or the provision of such item would violate any Laws or breach or violate an agreement to which any Company is bound (so long as such agreement was not entered into in contemplation of this Agreement or any Loan Document). Documents  required  to  be  delivered  pursuant  to  Section  5.3(a),  (b)  or  (e)  above  (to  the  extent  any  such  documents  are  included  in  materials  otherwise  filed  with  the  SEC)  may  be  delivered electronically and shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which the Borrower posts such documents, or provides a link thereto on the Borrower’s website on the Internet; (ii) on which such documents are posted on the Borrower’s behalf on an Internet or intranet website, if any, to which each Lender and the Administrative Agent have access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether sponsored by the Administrative Agent); or (iii) on which the Borrower files such documents with the SEC and such documents are publicly available on the SEC’s  EDGAR  filing  system  or  any  successor  thereto;  provided  that,  other  than  routine  quarterly  and  annual  financial  statements,  in  each  case  the  Borrower  shall  have  provided  the Administrative Agent with written notice of such posting or filing.  Notwithstanding anything contained herein, the Borrower shall be required to provide copies of the Compliance Certificates required by Section 5.3(c) hereof only if the documents referred to in the previous sentence are not delivered in the manner set forth in such sentence, in which case such Compliance 61           Certificates shall be provided to the Administrative Agent in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 11.4 hereof.  The Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to request the delivery or to maintain copies of the documents referred to above, and in any event shall have no responsibility to monitor compliance by the Borrower with any such request for delivery, and each Lender shall be solely responsible for requesting delivery to it or maintaining its copies of such documents. Section 5.4.  Financial Records.  Each Company shall at all times maintain true and complete, in all material respects, records and books of account, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, appropriate provisions for possible losses and liabilities, all in accordance with GAAP, and at all reasonable times (during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice to the Borrower) permit the Administrative Agent, or any representative of the Administrative Agent, to examine the Borrower’s books and records and to make excerpts therefrom and transcripts thereof; provided that, unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or unless otherwise reasonably agreed by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent (and its designated representatives) shall be limited to one such inspection during each fiscal year of the Borrower.   Section 5.5.  Franchises; Change in Business.   (a) Each Credit Party shall preserve and maintain at all times its existence (except as otherwise permitted pursuant to Section 5.12 hereof) and foreign qualifications (except where the failure to preserve and maintain would not result in an Material Adverse Effect). (b) No Company shall engage in any business if, as a result thereof, the general nature of the businesses of the Companies taken as a whole would be substantially changed from the general nature of the businesses the Companies are engaged in on the Closing Date, together with businesses that are similar to, or related to, incidental to, or a reasonable expansion or extension thereof. Section 5.6.  ERISA Pension and Benefit Plan Compliance.  No Company shall incur any material accumulated funding deficiency within the meaning of ERISA, or any material liability to the PBGC in connection with any ERISA Plan.  The Borrower shall furnish to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders (a) as soon as practicable and in any event within thirty (30) days after any Company knows or has reason to know that any material Reportable Event with respect to any ERISA Plan has occurred, a statement of a Financial Officer of such Company setting forth details as to such Reportable Event and the action that such Company proposes to take with respect thereto, together with a copy of the notice of such Reportable Event given to the PBGC if a copy of such notice is available to such Company, and (b) promptly after receipt thereof, a copy of any material notice such Company, or any member of the Controlled Group may receive from the PBGC or the Internal Revenue Service with respect to any ERISA Plan administered by such Company; provided that this latter clause shall not apply to notices of general application promulgated by the PBGC or the Internal Revenue Service or to letters or notices with respect to an ERISA Plan, which do not threaten a material liability of any Company. The Borrower shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent of any material taxes assessed, proposed to be assessed or that the Borrower has reason to believe may be assessed 62             against  a  Company  by  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  with  respect  to  any  ERISA  Plan.    As  used  in  this  Section  5.6  and  in  Section  6.11  hereof,  “material”  means  the  measure  of  a  matter  of significance that shall be determined as being an amount equal to five percent (5%) of Consolidated  Net Worth.  As soon as practicable,  and in any event within twenty (20) days, after any Company shall become aware that an ERISA Event shall have occurred, such Company shall provide the Administrative Agent with notice of such ERISA Event with a statement by a Financial Officer of such Company setting forth the details of the event and the action such Company or another Controlled Group member proposes to take with respect thereto.  The Borrower shall, at the reasonable request of the Administrative Agent or any Lender, deliver or cause to be delivered to the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, true and correct copies of any documents  relating  to  the  ERISA  Plan,  excluding  any  documents  providing  information  regarding  individual  participants  or  the  disclosure  of  which  would  reasonably  be  expected  to  violate applicable Law. Section 5.7.  Financial Covenants. [***] Section 5.8.  Borrowing.  No Company shall create, incur or have outstanding any Indebtedness of any kind; provided that this Section 5.8 shall not apply to the following:   (a) the Loans, the Letters of Credit and any other Indebtedness under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents; (b) any  loans  granted  to,  or  Capitalized  Lease  Obligations entered  into  by,  any  Company  for  the  purchase  or  lease  of  fixed  assets  (and  refinancings  of  such  loans  or Capitalized Lease Obligations), which loans and Capitalized Lease Obligations shall only be secured by the fixed assets being purchased or leased, so long as the aggregate principal amount of all such loans and Capitalized Lease Obligations for all Companies shall not exceed [***] at any time outstanding; (c) the Indebtedness existing on the Closing Date as set forth in Schedule 5.8 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter (and any extension, renewal or refinancing thereof but only to the extent that the principal amount thereof does not increase after the Closing Date); (d) (e) Section 5.11 hereof; loans to, and guaranties of Indebtedness of, a Company from a Company so long as each such Company is a Credit Party; loans  to,  and  guaranties  of  Indebtedness  of,  a  Company  that  is  not  a  Credit  Party  from  a  Credit  Party  so  long  as  such  loans  and  guaranties  are  permitted  under (f) Indebtedness under any Hedge Agreement, so long as such Hedge Agreement  shall have been entered into in the ordinary  course of business and not for speculative purposes; 63                       (g) Indebtedness  resulting  from  the  financing  of  insurance  premiums  (with  the  insurance  company  providing  such  financing)  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  and consistent with past business practices of such Company; (h) unsecured  Indebtedness  of  the  Borrower  arising  under  (i)  Convertible  Debt  Securities  issued  on  or  after  the  Closing  Date,  so  long  as  (A)  the  aggregate  outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness does not exceed [***] at any time outstanding, (B) the stated maturity date for such Indebtedness shall be no earlier than ninety (90) days after the end of the  Commitment  Period,  and  (C)  the  principal  amount  of  such  Indebtedness  shall  not  be  subject  to  any  regularly  scheduled  amortization  or  sinking  fund  payments  prior  to  the  maturity  date described in clause (B) above, and (ii) and any extension, renewal or refinancing of the such Convertible Debt Securities but only to the extent that the principal amount thereof does not exceed [***]; (i) Indebtedness arising in connection with endorsement of instruments for deposit or owed in respect of business credit card programs and any netting services, overdrafts and related liabilities arising from treasury, depository and cash management services, in each case arising in the ordinary course of business;   (j) contingent  liabilities  arising  with  respect  to  (i)  customary  indemnification  obligations  by  any  of  the  Credit  Parties  and  their  Subsidiaries  in  favor  of  purchasers  in connection with dispositions permitted under Section 5.12 hereof and (ii) the guaranty by any of the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries of a lease, sublease, license, or sublicense entered into in the ordinary course of business by another Credit Party thereof;   (k) Indebtedness  incurred  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  in  respect  of  credit  cards,  credit  card  processing  services,  debit  cards,  stored  value  cards,  commercial  cards (including so-called “purchase cards”, “procurement cards” or “p-cards”), or cash management services in an amount not to exceed [***] outstanding at any one time;   (l) (m) Acquired Indebtedness in an amount not to exceed [***] outstanding at any one time; unsecured  Indebtedness  owing  to  sellers  of  assets  or  equity  to  a  Company  that  is  incurred  by  such  Company  in  connection  with  the  consummation  of  one  or  more Acquisitions permitted by Section 5.13 so long as the aggregate principal amount for all such unsecured Indebtedness does not exceed [***] at any one time outstanding; (n) (o)  loans to, and guaranties of Indebtedness of, a Company from a Company so long as each such Company is not a Credit Party; Indebtedness  arising  from  the  honoring  by  a  bank  or  other  financial  institution  of  a  check,  draft  or  other  similar  instrument  drawn  against  insufficient  funds  in  the ordinary course of business; 64                     (p) Indebtedness consisting of promissory notes issued to current or former officers, directors and employees (or their respective family members, estates or trusts or other entities for the benefit of any of the foregoing) of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries to purchase or redeem Equity Interests or options of the Borrower permitted pursuant to Section 5.15(c) in an aggregate amount not to exceed [***] any time outstanding; (q)  to the extent constituting Indebtedness, obligations in respect of purchase price adjustments, earn-outs, non-competition agreements, and other similar arrangements, representing Consideration and incurred in connection with any Permitted Acquisition; provided that to the extent such purchase price adjustment or earn-out is subject to a contingency, such purchase  price  adjustment  or  earn-out  shall  be  valued  at  the  amount  of  reserves,  if  any,  required  under  GAAP,  and  to  the  extent  that  the  amount  payable  pursuant  to  such  purchase  price adjustment and earn-out is reflected, or would otherwise be required to be reflected, on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP, it shall be valued at such reflected amount; (r)  Indebtedness under performance bonds, surety bonds, release, appeal and similar bonds, statutory obligations or with respect to workers’ compensation claims, in each case incurred in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past business practices, and reimbursement obligations in respect of any of the foregoing; or (s)  other  unsecured  Indebtedness,  in  addition  to  the  Indebtedness  listed  above,  in  an  aggregate  principal  amount  for  all  Companies  not  to  exceed  [***] at  any  time outstanding. Section 5.9.  Liens.  No Company shall create, assume or suffer to exist (upon the happening of a contingency or otherwise) any Lien upon any of its property or assets, whether now owned or hereafter acquired; provided that this Section 5.9 shall not apply to the following:   (a) Liens for taxes, assessments and other governmental charges or levies not yet delinquent or that are being actively contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves shall have been established in accordance with GAAP; (b) other  statutory  Liens,  including,  without  limitation,  statutory  Liens  of  landlords,  carriers,  warehousemen,  utilities,  mechanics,  repairmen,  workers  and  materialmen, incidental to the conduct of its business or the ownership of its property and assets that (i) were not incurred in connection with the incurring of Indebtedness or the obtaining of advances or credit, and (ii) do not in the aggregate materially detract from the value of its property or assets or materially impair the use thereof in the operation of its business; (c) (d) any Lien granted to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders (and affiliates thereof); the  Liens  existing  on  the  Closing  Date  as  set  forth  in  Schedule  5.9  of  the  Confidential  Disclosure  Letter and  replacements,  extensions,  renewals,  refundings  or refinancings thereof, but only to the extent that the amount of principal debt secured thereby, and the amount and description of the property subject to such Liens, shall not be increased; 65                     (e) Liens on deposits and purchase money Liens on fixed assets securing the loans and Capitalized Lease Obligations pursuant to Section 5.8(b) hereof, provided that such Lien is limited to the purchase price and only attaches to the property being acquired and deposits made in connection with such purchases; (f) encumbrances in the nature of zoning restrictions, easements and rights, restrictions of record on the use of real property or minor defects or irregularities in title of real property not interfering in any material respect with the use of such property in the business of any Company; (g) (h) any interest or title of, or Liens created by, a lessor under any leases or subleases entered into by any Company, as tenant, in the ordinary course of business; Liens arising solely by virtue of any statutory or common law provision relating to banker’s liens, rights of set-off, recoupment or similar rights, including Liens of a collecting bank arising in the ordinary course of business under Section 4-208 or Section 4-210 of the U.C.C.; (i) Liens  solely  on  earnest  money  deposits  made  by  the  Borrower  or  any  of  its  Subsidiaries  in  connection  with  any  letter  of  intent  or  purchase  agreement  executed  in connection with a transaction permitted by this Agreement; (j) Liens arising from precautionary U.C.C. Financing Statement filings regarding operating leases entered into by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business; (k) (l) Liens on insurance policies and the proceeds thereof securing the financing of the premiums with respect thereto; pledges,  deposits  and  other  Liens  securing  liability  for  reimbursement  or  indemnification  obligations  of  (including  obligations  in  respect  of  letters  of  credit  or  bank guarantees for the benefit of) insurance carriers providing property, casualty, workmen’s compensation or liability insurance in the ordinary course of business;   (m) an agreement to transfer any property in a disposition permitted under Section 5.12 hereof, to the extent that such an agreement may constitute a Lien, and Liens on earnest money deposits of cash or Cash Equivalents made by the Companies in connection with any disposition permitted under Section 5.12 hereof; (n) any encumbrance or restriction with respect to the equity interests of any joint venture or similar arrangement created after the Closing Date and pursuant to the joint venture or similar agreements with respect to such joint venture or similar arrangements permitted under this Agreement; 66                       (o) Liens arising from judgments, decrees or attachments in circumstances not constituting an Event of Default under Section 8.8 hereof or securing appeal or other surety bonds relating to such judgments, decrees or attachments; (p) Liens assumed by a Company in connection with an Acquisition that secures Acquired Indebtedness that is permitted by Section 5.8(l) hereof, but only so long as such Lien is limited to the assets being acquired by such Acquisition; (q) Liens incurred to secure cash management services or to implement cash pooling arrangements in the ordinary course of business, in the aggregate for all Companies, not to exceed [***]; (r) non-exclusive licenses of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights in the ordinary course of business; (s) deposits  or  pledges  made  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  in  connection  with,  or  to  secure  payment  of,  obligations  under  workers’  compensation,  unemployment insurance and other types of social security or similar legislation, or to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts and leases (other than Indebtedness), statutory obligations, surety bonds (other than bonds related to judgments or litigation), performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business; (t)  (u) Liens arising out of conditional sale, title retention, consignment or similar arrangements for the sale of any assets or property in the ordinary course of business; Liens solely on any cash earnest money deposits or escrow arrangements made by the Borrower or any Subsidiary in connection with any letter of intent or purchase or merger agreement for any Acquisition permitted under this Agreement; (v) Liens in the nature of: (i) customary setoff rights in favor of any counterparty to any Hedge Agreements expressly permitted under this Agreement, and (ii) setoff rights granted to third parties pursuant to trade and other similar contracts with the Borrower or any Subsidiary and limited to payments owed to the Borrower or any Subsidiary under such contracts that do not constitute Indebtedness, and such contracts are not secured by any property of the Borrower or any Subsidiary; (w) reasonable customary initial deposits and margin deposits which secure Indebtedness under Hedge Agreements permitted under Section 5.8(f) hereof, but only to the extent such deposits are mandated by applicable Law and are not specific to the Company entering into such Hedge Agreements; (x) interests or purported interests of creditors of any Consignee related to Liens granted by any such Consignee on inventory of a Company delivered to a third party under a Consignment or other similar arrangement; or 67                       (y)  not to exceed [***] at any time. other Liens, in addition to the Liens listed above, not incurred in connection with the incurring of Indebtedness, securing amounts, in the aggregate for all Companies, Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  herein,  this  Section  5.09  shall  not  apply  to  Treasury  Stock  to  the  extent  it  would  result  in  non-compliance  of  the  Loans  or  Letters  of  Credit  with Regulation U or Regulation X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States. Section 5.10.  Regulations T, U and X.  No Company shall take any action that would result in any non‑compliance of the Loans or Letters of Credit with Regulations T, U or X, or any oth9er applicable regulation, of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Section 5.11.  Investments, Loans and Guaranties.  No Company shall (a) create, acquire or hold any Subsidiary, (b) make or hold any investment in any stocks, bonds or securities of any kind, (c) be or become a party to any joint venture or other partnership, (d) make or keep outstanding any advance or loan to any Person, or (e) be or become a Guarantor of any kind (other than (A) a Guarantor of Payment under the Loan Documents and (B) as permitted in Section 5.8 hereof); provided that this Section 5.11 shall not apply to the following: (i) any endorsement of a check or other medium of payment for deposit or collection through normal banking channels or similar transaction in the normal course of business; (ii)  (iii)  investments in Cash Equivalents; investments made in compliance with the Investment Policy; (iv) the holding of each of the Subsidiaries listed on Schedule 6.1 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter, and the creation, acquisition and holding of and any investment  in any newly  formed  or acquired  Subsidiary  after  the Closing  Date so long  as such Subsidiary  shall  have  been  created,  acquired  or held,  and investments  made,  in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; provided that in any event the Companies may form Subsidiaries required to be created in order to operate outside the United States (so long as any investments in the creation of such Subsidiaries that are foreign is permitted by subpart (viii) below); (v) such Company is a Credit Party; loans to, investments in and guaranties of the Indebtedness (permitted under Section 5.8(d) hereof) of, a Company from or by a Company so long as each (vi) any loans by a Company (that is not a Credit Party) to, investments by a Company (that is not a Credit Party) in, and guaranties by a Company (that is not a Credit Party) of Indebtedness of, another Company; 68                       (vii) any advance or loan to an officer or employee of a Company as an advance on commissions, travel and other items in the ordinary course of business, so long as all such advances and loans (other than through use of company credit cards or similar purchase cards) from all Companies aggregate not more than the maximum principal sum of [***] at any time outstanding; (viii) any loans by a Credit Party to, investments by a Credit Party in, and guaranties by a Credit Party of Indebtedness of, a Company that is not a Credit Party, so long as the aggregate amount thereof shall not exceed [***] per fiscal year; (ix) the holdings of any stock or equity interest that remains following the sale or other disposition of a Company (or a majority interest therein) permitted by Section 5.12 hereof; (x) to the extent constituting an investment, Indebtedness permitted under Section 5.8 hereof; (xi) accounts  receivable  arising  and  trade  credit  granted  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  (including,  for  the  avoidance  of  doubt,  pursuant  to  cost  plus arrangements)  and  securities  of  account  debtors  received  in  satisfaction  or  partial  satisfaction  thereof  from  financially  troubled  account  debtors  or  pursuant  to  any  plan  of reorganization or similar arrangement upon the bankruptcy or insolvency of such account debtors; (xii) guaranties by a Company of operating leases (other than Capitalized Lease Obligations) or of other obligations that do not constitute Indebtedness, in each case entered into by a Company in the ordinary course of business; (xiii) the entering into Hedge Agreements permitted under Section 5.8(f) hereof, and the purchase of any Permitted Equity Derivatives in connection with the issuance of Convertible Debt Securities permitted under Section 5.8(h) hereof (and the replacement of any such Permitted Equity Derivatives) provided that the purchase price for such  Permitted  Equity  Derivatives,  net  of  any  proceeds  relating  to  any  concurrent  sale  or  termination  of  any  Permitted  Equity  Derivatives,  in  respect  of  any  Convertible  Debt Securities does not exceed the net cash proceeds from such issuance of Convertible Debt Securities;   (xiv) investments in the nature of Acquisitions to the extent permitted under Section 5.13 hereof; (xv) investments existing on the Closing Date (other than investments in Subsidiaries existing on the Closing Date) and described on Schedule 5.11 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter and any modification, replacement, renewal or extension thereof so long as such modification, renewal or extension thereof does not increase the amount of such investment except as otherwise permitted by this Section 5.11; 69                     (xvi) Section 5.9 hereof; deposits  made  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  to  secure  the  performance  of  leases,  the  payment  of  rent  or  other  obligations  as  permitted  by (xvii)  investments in the form of Restricted Payments permitted pursuant to Section 5.15 hereof; (xviii) investments  in  joint  ventures,  corporate  collaborations,  or  strategic  alliances,  including,  without  limitation,  in  connection  with  the  licensing  of technology,  the development  of technology and/or the providing of technical support; provided, that the aggregate amount of all such investments shall not at any time exceed [***]; (xix) non-cash consideration received in connection with transactions permitted by Section 5.12 hereof; (xx) investments  by  any  Credit  Party  in  any  Company  that  is  not  a  Credit  Party  arising  from  customary  cost-plus  services  agreements  entered  into  in  the ordinary course of business and on terms that are, when taken as a whole and in the good faith judgment of the Borrower, no less favorable to the Credit Parties than would be obtained in arm’s length transaction with a nonaffiliated third party; provided, that the aggregate amount of all such investments shall not at any time exceed [***]; (xxi) investments held by a Person acquired in a Permitted Acquisition; provided that such investments are held by such Person or are made pursuant to a binding commitment of such Person in effect as of the date of such Permitted Acquisition and not acquired or entered into in contemplation of such Permitted Acquisition; (xxii) investments  consisting  of  extensions  of  credit  to  the  customers  of  the  Borrower  or  of  any  of  its  Subsidiaries  in  the  nature  of  accounts  receivable, prepaid royalties, or notes receivable, arising from the grant of trade credit or licensing activities of the Borrower or such Subsidiary, in each case in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past business practices; (xxiii) investments (including debt obligations) received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of customers or suppliers and in settlement of litigation, delinquent obligations of, and other disputes with, customers, suppliers or other Persons arising in the ordinary course of business (including investments received upon foreclosure of any secured customer leases or licenses) and consistent with past business practices; or (xxiv) other investments in an amount not to exceed [***] in any fiscal year. For purposes of this Section 5.11, the amount of any investment in equity interests shall be based upon the initial amount invested and shall not include any appreciation in value or return on such investment but shall take into account repayments, redemptions and return of capital. 70                       Section 5.12.  Merger and Sale of Assets.  No Company shall merge, amalgamate or consolidate with any other Person, or sell, lease or transfer or otherwise dispose of any assets to any Person other than in the ordinary course of business (including the sale of inventory in the ordinary course of business), except that: (a) a Company (other than the Borrower) may merge with (i) the Borrower (provided that the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving Person) or (ii) any one or more Guarantors of Payment (provided that at least one Guarantor of Payment shall be the continuing or surviving Person); (b) (c) a Company (other than the Borrower) may sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of its assets to (i) the Borrower or (ii) any Guarantor of Payment; a Company (other than a Credit Party) may (i) merge with or sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of its assets to any other Company and (ii) may, following the transfer of substantially all of its assets to another Company, voluntarily dissolve or liquidate; (d) a Company may sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of any assets that are obsolete or no longer useful in such Company’s business, including by way of (i) the lapse of registered patents, trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual property of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to the extent not economically desirable in the conduct of its business or (ii) the abandonment of patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights in the ordinary course of business so long as (in each case under clauses (i) and (ii)) all such assets are not material revenue generating assets; (e) (f) Acquisitions may be effected in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.13 hereof; a Company may terminate licenses, leases, and other contractual rights that are not necessary for the ordinary course of business, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and does not result from a Company’s default; Derivatives; (g) (h) (i) (j)  (k) the  unwinding,  settlement  or  termination  of  any  obligations  under  or  in  respect  of  any  Hedge  Agreements (including  Swap  Obligations)  and  Permitted  Equity the licensing, on a non-exclusive basis, of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights in the ordinary course of business;   to the extent constituting investments, the granting of Liens permitted by Section 5.9 hereof and the making of Restricted Payments permitted by Section 5.15 hereof; the sale or issuance of equity interests by of the Borrower;   dispositions of assets acquired by the  Borrower  and  its Subsidiaries  pursuant  to  an Acquisition  consummated  after  the Closing  Date,  so long  as  (i)  the  consideration received for the assets to be so disposed is at least equal to the fair market value of such assets, (ii) the assets to 71                         be so disposed are not necessary in connection with the business of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries, and (iii) the assets to be so disposed are readily identifiable as assets acquired pursuant to the subject Acquisition; (l)  the write-off, discount, sale or other disposition of defaulted or past-due receivables and similar obligations in the ordinary course of business and not undertaken as part of an accounts receivable financing transaction; (m) leases, subleases, licenses or sublicenses of real or personal property granted by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to others in the ordinary course of business not detracting from the value of such real or personal property or interfering in any material respect with the business of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries; (n)  any involuntary loss, damage or destruction of property or any involuntary condemnation, seizure or taking, by exercise of the power of eminent domain or otherwise, or confiscation or requisition of use of property; (o) (p) dispositions of specifically identified assets disclosed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders prior to the Closing Date; and sales and other dispositions of any other assets in an aggregate amount not to exceed [***] in any fiscal year.   Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  herein,  this  Section  5.12  shall  not  apply  to  Treasury  Stock  to  the  extent  it  would  result  in  non-compliance  of  the  Loans  or  Letters  of  Credit  with Regulation U or Regulation X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States. Section 5.13.  Acquisitions.  No Company shall effect an Acquisition; provided that a Company may effect an Acquisition so long as such Acquisition meets all of the following requirements:   (a) (b) surviving entity; (c) (d) in the case of an Acquisition that involves a merger, amalgamation or other combination including the Borrower, the Borrower shall be the surviving entity; in the case of an Acquisition that involves a merger, amalgamation or other combination including a Credit Party (other than the Borrower), a Credit Party shall be the the business to be acquired shall be similar to, or related to, incidental to, or a reasonable expansion or extension of the line of business(es) of the Companies; no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or, after giving pro forma effect to such Acquisition, result therefrom; 72                           (e) such  Acquisition  is not  actively  opposed  by  the  board  of  directors  (or  similar  governing  body)  of  the  selling  Persons  or  the  Persons  whose  equity interests are to be acquired; (f) with respect to an Acquisition with Consideration equal to or less than [***], the Borrower shall have provided to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, on or prior to such Acquisition, (i) copies of the Acquisition documents and related disclosure schedules, and (ii) historical financial statements of the target entity and a pro forma financial statement of the Companies accompanied by a certificate of a Financial Officer showing pro forma compliance with Section 5.7 hereof, both before and after giving effect to the proposed Acquisition;   (g) with respect to an Acquisition with Consideration in excess of [***], the Borrower shall have provided to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, at least five (5) business  days  prior  to  such  Acquisition, (i)  copies  of  the  Acquisition  documents  and  related  disclosure  schedules,  and  (ii)  historical  financial  statements  of  the  target  entity  and  a  pro  forma financial  statement  of  the  Companies  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  a  Financial  Officer  showing  pro  forma  compliance  with  Section  5.7  hereof,  both  before  and  after  giving  effect  to  the proposed Acquisition;   (h) after giving pro forma effect to such Acquisition, the [***] shall be no less than the sum of (i) [***] plus (ii) [***] of the net cash proceeds of any Convertible Debt Securities issued after the Closing Date; and (i) the aggregate cash Consideration paid for such Acquisition, when combined with all cash Consideration paid for Acquisitions for all Companies during the Commitment Period, does not exceed the sum of (i) [***] plus, (ii) [***] of the net cash proceeds of any Convertible Debt Securities issued after the Closing Date, minus, (iii) the Stock Buyback Amount as of such date. Section 5.14.  Notice.  The Borrower shall cause a Financial Officer of the Borrower to promptly notify the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, in writing, whenever any of the following shall occur: (a) a Default or Event of Default has occurred hereunder or any representation or warranty made in Article VI hereof or elsewhere in this Agreement or in any other Loan Document for any reason ceases in any material respect to be true and complete; (b) the Borrower learns of a litigation or proceeding against the Borrower before a court, administrative agency or arbitrator that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; or (c) the Borrower learns that there has occurred or begun to exist any event, condition or thing that is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. Section 5.15.  Restricted Payments.  No Company shall make or commit itself to make any Restricted Payment at any time, except: 73                       (a) its common stock; the Borrower may declare and pay dividends with respect to its equity interests, and make other Restricted Payments, in each case payable solely in additional shares of (b) the Borrower may make Restricted Payments constituting share repurchases or redemptions pursuant to and in accordance with stock option plans or other benefit plans for management or employees of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in a manner consistent with past business practices; (c) so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would arise after giving effect (including pro forma effect) thereto, the Borrower and any Subsidiaries may repurchase equity interests from any current or former officer, director, employee or consultant (or family member or trust (or other similar entity) established for the benefit of any of the foregoing) upon the grant or award of such equity interests (or upon vesting thereof) in a manner consistent with past business practices; (d) the Borrower and any Subsidiaries may purchase equity interests from present or former officers, directors or employees of the Borrower or any Subsidiary upon the death, disability, retirement or termination of employment or service of such officer, director or employee in a manner consistent with past business practices and in an aggregate amount not to exceed [***] in any fiscal year of the Borrower; (e) the Borrower may purchase or repurchase any equity interests (including prepayments, redemptions and repurchases of Convertible Debt Securities) of the Borrower  in an aggregate amount during the Commitment Period not to exceed (i) [***] of the net cash proceeds of any Convertible Debt Securities issued after the Closing Date, minus (ii) the net cash proceeds of such Convertible Debt Securities in excess of [***] used for Acquisitions in accordance with 5.13(j) hereof (the aggregate purchases under this subsection (e) to be referred to as the “Stock Buyback Amount”); (f) the Borrower may make (i) interest payments on Convertible Debt Securities, (ii) so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would arise after giving effect (including pro forma effect) thereto, cash settlement payments upon any conversion of Convertible Debt Securities in accordance with the terms thereof in an aggregate amount not to exceed the principal amount thereof and (iii) extend, renew or refinance Convertible Debt Securities to the extent that the Indebtedness resulting from such extension, renewal or refinancing is permitted under Section 5.8 hereof; and (g) the Borrower may purchase Permitted Equity Derivatives in connection with the issuance of any Convertible Debt Securities permitted under Section 5.9 hereof. Section  5.16.    Environmental  Compliance.    Each  Company  shall  comply  with  any  and  all  Environmental  Laws  and  Environmental  Permits  including,  without  limitation,  all Environmental Laws in jurisdictions in which such Company owns or operates a facility or site, arranges for disposal or treatment of hazardous substances, solid waste or other wastes, accepts for transport any hazardous substances, solid waste or other wastes or holds any interest in real property or 74                 otherwise, except for such non-compliance that could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  The Borrower shall furnish to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, promptly  after  receipt  thereof,  a  copy  of  any  notice  any  Company  may  receive  from  any  Governmental  Authority  or  private  Person,  or  otherwise,  that  any  material  litigation  or  proceeding pertaining to any environmental, health or safety matter has been filed or is threatened against such Company, any real property in which such Company holds any interest or any past or present operation of such Company.  No Company shall allow the release or disposal of hazardous waste, solid waste or other wastes on, under or to any real property in which any Company holds any ownership interest or performs any of its operations, in violation of any material provision of Environmental Law.  As used in this Section 5.16, “litigation or proceeding” means any demand, claim, notice, suit, suit in equity action, administrative action, investigation or inquiry whether brought by any Governmental Authority or private Person, or otherwise.   Section 5.17.  Affiliate Transactions.  No Company shall, directly or indirectly, enter into or permit to exist any transaction or series of transactions (including, without limitation, the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any property or the rendering of any service) with any Affiliate (other than a Company that is a Credit Party) on terms that shall be less favorable to such Company than those that might be obtained at the time in a transaction with a Person that is not an Affiliate; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit (a) the payment of customary and reasonable directors’ fees to directors who are not employees of a Company or an Affiliate; (b) any employment agreement, employee benefit plan, stock option plan, officer, director, consultant or employee indemnification agreement (and the payment of indemnities and fees pursuant to such arrangements) or any similar arrangement entered into by a Company in the ordinary course of business; (c) loans and advances to employees or officers to the extent permitted under this Agreement; (d) any transaction or series of related transactions involving consideration paid by a Company or the transfer of assets by a Company so long as the consideration or value for all such transactions or series of related transactions is not in excess of [***] during the Commitment Period;  (e)  transactions  permitted  under  Sections  5.8(c),  (e)  and  (n),  5.11(vi)  and  (viii),  5.12(c),  (d),  (f),  (h)  and  (m),  or  5.15  hereof;  and  (f)  transactions  that  exist  on  the  Closing  Date  and described on Schedule 5.17 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter. Section  5.18.    Use  of  Proceeds.    The  Borrower’s  use  of  the  proceeds  of  the  Loans  shall  be  for  working  capital  and  other  general  corporate  purposes  of  the  Companies,  for Acquisitions  permitted  hereunder,  and  for  certain  fees  and  expenses  associated  with  the  transactions  contemplated  by  this  Agreement.    The  Borrower  will  not,  directly  or  indirectly,  use  the proceeds of the Loans and Letters of Credit, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person, (a) (i) to fund activities or business of or with any Person, or in any country or territory, that, at the time of such funding, is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions, or (ii) in any other manner that would result in a  violation  of  Sanctions  by  any  Person  (including  any  Person  participating  in  the  Loans,  whether  as  underwriter,  advisor,  investor,  or  otherwise);  or  (b)  in  furtherance  of  an  offer,  payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of Anti-Corruption Laws. 75         Section 5.19.  Corporate Names and Locations of Collateral.  No Credit Party shall (a) change its corporate name, or (b) change its state, province or other jurisdiction, or form of organization, or extend or continue its existence in or to any other jurisdiction (other than its jurisdiction of organization at the date of this Agreement); unless, in each case, the Borrower shall have provided the Administrative Agent with at least thirty (30) days prior written notice thereof.  The Borrower shall also provide the Administrative Agent with at least thirty (30) days prior written notification of (i) any change in any location where any material amount of a Credit Party’s Inventory or Equipment is maintained, and any new locations where any material amount of a Credit Party’s Inventory or Equipment is to be maintained; (ii) any change in the location of the office where any Credit Party’s records pertaining to its Accounts are kept; and (iii) any change in the location of any Credit Party’s chief executive office.  In the event of any of the foregoing or if otherwise deemed reasonably appropriate by the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent is hereby authorized to file new U.C.C. Financing Statements describing the Collateral and otherwise in form and substance sufficient for recordation wherever necessary or appropriate, as determined in the Administrative Agent’s sole discretion, to perfect or continue perfected the security interest of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, in the Collateral.   Section 5.20.  Subsidiary Guaranties, Security Documents and Pledge of Stock or Other Ownership Interest. (a) Guaranties  and  Security  Documents.    Each  Domestic  Subsidiary  (other  than  (i)  a  Subsidiary  that  is  an  Excluded  Subsidiary,  (ii)  a  Subsidiary  that  is  held  directly  or indirectly by a CFC, or (iii) a FSHCO) created, acquired or held subsequent to the Closing Date, shall promptly (and in any event within 30 days or such later date reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a Guaranty of Payment (or a Guaranty of Payment Joinder) of all of the Obligations and a Security  Agreement  (or  a  Security  Agreement  Joinder),  such  agreements  to  be  prepared  by  the  Administrative  Agent  and  in  form  and  substance  reasonably  acceptable  to  the  Administrative Agent, along with any such other supporting documentation, Security Documents, corporate governance and authorization documents, and an opinion of counsel as may reasonably be deemed necessary or advisable by the Administrative Agent.  With respect to a Domestic Subsidiary that has been classified as an Excluded Subsidiary, at such time that such Subsidiary no longer meets the requirements of an Excluded Subsidiary, the Borrower shall provide to the Administrative Agent prompt written notice thereof, and shall provide, with respect to such Subsidiary, all of the documents referenced in the foregoing sentence. (b) Pledge of Stock or Other Ownership Interest.  With respect to the creation or acquisition of a Subsidiary (other than an Excluded Subsidiary or any direct or indirect Subsidiary of a CFC) after the Closing Date, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, all of the share certificates (or other evidence of equity) owned by a Credit Party pursuant to the terms of a Pledge Agreement prepared by the Administrative Agent and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, and executed by the appropriate Credit Party; provided that (i) no such pledge shall include shares of voting capital stock or other voting equity interests of any Foreign Subsidiary or any FSHCO in excess of sixty-five percent (65%) of the total outstanding shares of voting 76         capital stock or other voting equity interest of such Foreign Subsidiary or FSHCO, whether held directly or indirectly through a disregarded entity, and (ii) perfection of liens in foreign equity interests will only be made pursuant to New York law. Section 5.21.  Collateral.  Each Credit Party shall: (a) once per fiscal year, at reasonable times and, except after the occurrence of an Event of Default, upon reasonable notice, allow the Administrative Agent by or through any of the Administrative Agent’s officers, agents, employees, attorneys or accountants to (i) examine, inspect and make extracts from such Credit Party’s books and other records, including, without  limitation,  the  tax  returns  of  such  Credit  Party,  (ii)  arrange  for  verification  of  such  Credit  Party’s  Accounts,  under  reasonable  procedures,  directly  with  Account  Debtors  or  by  other methods, and (iii) examine and inspect such Credit Party’s Inventory and Equipment, wherever located; (b) promptly  furnish  to  the  Administrative  Agent  upon  reasonable  request  (i)  additional  statements  and  information  with  respect  to  the  Collateral,  and  all  writings  and information  relating  to or evidencing  any of such Credit Party’s Accounts (including,  without limitation,  computer printouts  or typewritten  reports listing the mailing addresses of all present Account Debtors), and (ii) any other writings and information as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request; (c) promptly notify the Administrative Agent in writing of the existence of any Deposit Account or Securities Account of any Credit Party, and promptly (or prior to or simultaneously  with  the  creation  of  any  new  Deposit  Account  or  Securities  Account)  provide  for  the  execution  of  a  Deposit  Account  Control  Agreement  or  Securities  Account  Control Agreement with respect thereto, if required by the Administrative Agent; provided that no Credit Party shall be required to deliver a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement (i) with respect to any Excluded  Account, or (ii) so long as (A) the aggregate balance in each Deposit Account  (that is not an Excluded Account)  that is not subject to a Control Agreement does not exceed [***] at any time, and (B) the aggregate balance in all Deposit Accounts (that are not Excluded Accounts) that are not subject to a Control Agreement does not exceed [***] at any time; (d) promptly  notify  the  Administrative  Agent  in  writing  whenever  the  Equipment  or  Inventory  of  a  Company,  with  a  net  book  value  in  excess  of  [***],  is  located  at  a domestic  location  of  a  third  party  (other  than  another  Company)  that  is  not  covered  by  an  executed  Landlord’s  Waiver  or  similar  document  with  respect  thereto,  and  in  good  faith  use commercially  reasonable  best  efforts  to  deliver  to  the  Administrative  Agent  an  executed  Landlord’s  Waiver  or  similar  document  with  respect  thereto  or  notice  that  may  be  required  by  the Administrative Agent; (e) promptly notify the Administrative Agent in writing of any information that the Credit Parties have or may receive with respect to the Collateral that might reasonably be determined to materially and adversely affect the value thereof or the rights of the Administrative Agent with respect thereto; 77                 (f) maintain such Credit Party’s Equipment (other than Equipment that is obsolete or no longer useful in the Borrower’s business) in good operating condition and repair, ordinary  wear  and  tear  excepted,  making  all  necessary  replacements  in  management’s  reasonable  judgment  and  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  thereof  so  that  the  value  and  operating efficiency thereof shall at all times be maintained and preserved; (g) deliver to the Administrative Agent, to hold as security for the Secured Obligations, all certificated Investment Property with  a value in excess  of [***] owned  by a Credit  Party  and constituting  Collateral,  in  suitable  form  for  transfer  by delivery,  or  accompanied  by duly  executed  instruments  of transfer  or assignment  in  blank,  all in form  and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, or in the event such Investment Property is in the possession of a Securities Intermediary or credited to a Securities Account (other than an Excluded Account), execute with the related Securities Intermediary a Securities Account Control Agreement over such Securities Account in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; (h) provide to the Administrative Agent, on a quarterly basis to the extent there have been material changes from the most recent list delivered to the Administrative Agent), a list of any patents, trademarks or copyrights that have been federally registered by a Credit Party during such fiscal quarter, and provide for the execution of an appropriate Intellectual Property Security Agreement; and (i) upon request of the Administrative Agent, promptly take such action and promptly make, execute and deliver all such additional and further items, deeds, assurances, instruments and any other writings as the Administrative Agent may from time to time deem reasonably necessary or appropriate, including, without limitation, chattel paper, to carry into effect the intention of this Agreement, or so as to completely vest in and ensure to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders their respective rights hereunder and in or to the Collateral. Each Credit Party hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Lenders, to file U.C.C. Financing Statements or other appropriate notices with respect to the Collateral; provided that prior to filing any such U.C.C. Financing Statements or other appropriate notices with respect to the Collateral in a jurisdiction (such as Florida) that charges a tax or other charge in addition to routine filing fees, the Administrative Agent shall provide the Borrower with reasonable advance notice thereof and reasonably cooperate with the Borrower to mitigate the obligation to pay such tax or other charges.  If certificates of title or applications for title are issued or outstanding with respect to any of the Inventory or Equipment of any Credit Party constituting Collateral, such Credit Party shall, upon written request from the Administrative Agent, (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent a short form security agreement, prepared by the Administrative Agent and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, and (ii) deliver such certificate or application to the Administrative Agent and cause the interest of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, to be properly noted thereon.  Each Credit Party hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent or the Administrative Agent’s designated agent (but without obligation by the Administrative Agent to 78           do so) to incur Related Expenses.  If any Credit Party fails to keep and maintain its Equipment (other than Equipment that is obsolete or no longer useful in the Borrower’s business) in good operating condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, the Administrative Agent may (but shall not be required to) so maintain or repair all or any part of such Credit Party’s Equipment and the documented reasonable out-of-pocket cost thereof shall be a Related Expense reimbursable pursuant to Section 11.5. Section 5.22.  Property  Acquired  Subsequent  to the Closing Date and Right to Take Additional  Collateral.  The Borrower shall provide the Administrative Agent with prompt written notice with respect to any personal property (other than in the ordinary course of business and excluding Accounts, Inventory, Equipment and General Intangibles and other property acquired in the ordinary course of business and Permitted Acquisitions for which notice has already been provided) acquired by any Company subsequent to the Closing Date.  In addition to any other right that the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may have pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise, upon written request of the Administrative Agent, whenever made, the Borrower shall, and shall cause each Guarantor of Payment to, grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, as additional security for the Secured Obligations, a Lien on any personal property of the Borrower and each Guarantor of Payment (other than for (x) leased equipment or equipment subject to a purchase money security interest in which the lessor or purchase money lender of such equipment holds a first priority security interest, in which case, the Administrative Agent shall have the right to obtain a security interest junior only to such lessor or purchase money lender and (y) Excluded Property), acquired subsequent to the Closing Date, in which the Administrative Agent does not have a Lien.  The Borrower agrees that, within ten Business Days after the date of such written request and delivery of drafts of the requested documentation, which shall be consistent with Loan Documents previously provided to the Administrative Agent, to secure  all  of  the  Secured  Obligations  by  delivering  to  the  Administrative  Agent  security  agreements,  intellectual  property  security  agreements,  pledge  agreements,  or  other  documents, instruments or agreements or such thereof as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require with respect to any of the Credit Parties. Section 5.23.  Restrictive Agreements.   (a) Except as set forth in this Agreement, the Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist  or  become  effective  any  encumbrance  or  restriction  on  the  ability  of  any  Subsidiary  to  (a)  make,  directly  or  indirectly,  any  Capital  Distribution  to  the  Borrower,  (b)  make,  directly  or indirectly, loans or advances or capital contributions to the Borrower or (c) transfer, directly or indirectly, any of the properties or assets of such Subsidiary to the Borrower; except for such encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of (i) applicable Law, (ii) customary non-assignment provisions in leases, licenses or other agreements entered in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practices, (iii) customary restrictions in security agreements or mortgages securing Indebtedness, or capital leases, of a Company to the extent such restrictions shall only restrict the transfer of the property subject to such security agreement, mortgage or lease, (iv) any encumbrance or restriction with respect to the equity interests of any joint venture or similar arrangement created after the Closing Date and pursuant to the joint venture or similar agreements with respect to such joint venture or similar arrangements permitted under this 79         Agreement,  (v)  customary restrictions contained  in  the  organizational  documents of  any  Non-Guarantor  Subsidiary,  (vi)  any  agreement,  document,  or  instrument  of  any  Subsidiary imposing restrictions or requirements with respect to any property in existence at the time such Subsidiary or property was acquired, so long as such restrictions or requirements are not entered into in contemplation of  such person becoming a  subsidiary or the  acquisition of  such property  (and any amendment,  modification, or  extension thereof  that does not  expand the  scope of  any such restriction or requirement), (vii) customary restrictions and conditions contained in an agreement related to the sale or other disposition of any property that limit the transfer of such property pending the consummation of such sale or disposition, solely as to property being sold or disposed of and (viii) customary restrictions on Liens on deposit and security accounts subject to, and pursuant to, cash management agreements.   (b) No Company shall enter into any contract or agreement that would prohibit the Administrative Agent or the Lenders from acquiring a security interest, mortgage or other Lien on, or a collateral assignment of, any of the property or assets of such Company (other than (i) a contract or agreement entered into in connection with the purchase or lease of fixed assets that  prohibits  Liens  on  such  fixed  assets,  (ii)  customary  provisions  in  joint  venture  agreements  restricting  liens  on  joint  venture  assets  (to  the  extent  joint  ventures  are  permitted  by  this Agreement), (iii) customary provisions in licenses of intellectual property that restrict the creation of liens entered into in the ordinary course of business, (iv) customary provisions restricting subletting or assignment of any lease governing a leasehold interest entered into in the ordinary course of business, and (v) customary restrictions and conditions contained in any agreement relating to the sale of any asset permitted under Section 5.12 hereof pending the consummation of such sale). Section  5.24.    Amendment  of  Organizational  Documents.    Without  the  prior  written  consent  of  the  Administrative  Agent,  no  Credit  Party  shall  (a)  amend  its  Organizational Documents in any manner materially adverse to the Lenders, or (b) amend its Organizational Documents to change its name or state, province or other jurisdiction of organization, or its form of organization. Section  5.25.    Fiscal  Year.    The  Borrower  shall  not  change  the  date  of  its  fiscal  year-end  without  the  prior  written  consent  of  the  Administrative  Agent  and  the  Required Lenders.  As of the Closing Date, the fiscal year end of the Borrower is January 31 of each year.   Section 5.26.  Further Assurances.  The Borrower shall, and shall cause each other Credit Party to, promptly upon request by the Administrative Agent, or the Required Lenders through the Administrative Agent, (a) correct any material defect or error that may be discovered in any Loan Document or in the execution, acknowledgment, filing or recordation thereof, and (b) do, execute, acknowledge, deliver, record, re-record, file, re-file, register and re-register any and all such further acts, deeds, certificates, assurances and other instruments related to any of the collateral securing the Secured Obligations as the Administrative Agent, or the Required Lenders through the Administrative Agent, may reasonably require from time to time in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Loan Documents. 80             Section  5.27.    Beneficial  Ownership.    Promptly  following  any  request  therefor,  the  Borrower  shall  provide  information  and  documentation  reasonably  requested  by  the Administrative  Agent  or  any  Lender  for  purposes  of  compliance  with  applicable  “know  your  customer”  and  anti-money-laundering  rules  and  regulations,  including,  without  limitation,  the PATRIOT Act and the Beneficial Ownership Regulation. ARTICLE VI.  REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES Section 6.1.  Corporate  Existence;  Subsidiaries;  Foreign Qualification.  Each Company is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing (or comparable concept in the applicable jurisdiction) under the laws of its state or jurisdiction of incorporation or organization, and is duly qualified and authorized to do business and is in good standing (or comparable concept  in  the  applicable  jurisdiction)  as  a  foreign  entity  in  the  jurisdictions  set  forth  opposite  its  name  on  Schedule 6.1 of  the  Confidential  Disclosure  Letter,  which  are  all  of  the  states  or jurisdictions where the character of its property or its business activities makes such qualification necessary, except where a failure to so qualify would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  Schedule 6.1 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter sets forth, as of the Closing Date, each Subsidiary of the Borrower (and whether such Subsidiary is an Excluded Subsidiary), its state (or jurisdiction) of formation, its relationship to the Borrower, including the percentage of each class of stock or other equity interest owned by a Company, each Person that owns the stock or other equity interest of each Company (other than the Borrower).  Schedule 6.1 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter sets forth the tax identification number and the location of its chief  executive  office  and  principal  place of business  each  Credit  Party.   Except  as set forth  on Schedule 6.1 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter, as of the Closing  Date,  the Borrower, directly or indirectly, owns all of the equity interests of each of its Subsidiaries. Section 6.2.  Corporate Authority.  Each Credit Party has the right and power and is duly authorized and empowered to enter into, execute and deliver the Loan Documents to which it is a party and to perform and observe the provisions of the Loan Documents.  The Loan Documents to which each Credit Party is a party have been duly authorized and approved by such  Credit  Party’s  board  of  directors  or  other  governing  body,  as  applicable,  and  are  the  legal,  valid  and  binding  obligations  of  such  Credit  Party,  enforceable  against  such  Credit  Party  in accordance  with  their  respective  terms,  except  as  enforceability  thereof  may  be  limited  by  bankruptcy,  insolvency,  reorganization,  moratorium  or  similar  laws  affecting  the  enforcement  of creditors’ rights generally and by equitable principles (regardless of, whether enforcement is sought in equity or at law).  The execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents do not conflict with, result in a breach in any of the provisions of, constitute a default under, or result in the creation of a Lien (other than Liens permitted under Section 5.9 hereof) upon any assets or property of any Credit Party under the provisions of, such Company’s Organizational Documents or any agreement to which such Company is a party where such conflict with, breach of any of the provisions of, or default under, any such agreement would result in a Material Adverse Effect. Section 6.3.  Compliance with Laws and Contracts.  Each Company: 81               (a) holds permits, certificates, licenses, orders, registrations, franchises, authorizations, and other approvals from any Governmental Authority necessary for the conduct of its business and is in compliance with all applicable Laws relating thereto, except where the failure to do so would not have a Material Adverse Effect; (b) is  in  compliance  in  all  material  respects  with  all  federal,  state,  local,  or  foreign  applicable  statutes,  rules,  regulations,  and  orders  including,  without  limitation,  those relating to environmental protection, occupational safety and health, and equal employment practices, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect; (c) is not, to its knowledge, in violation of or in default under any agreement to which it is a party or by which its assets are subject or bound, except with respect to any violation or default that would not have a Material Adverse Effect; (d) has ensured that no Company, or to the knowledge of any Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or Affiliate of a Company, is a Person that is, or is owned or controlled by Persons that are (i) the subject of any Sanctions, or (ii) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions; (e) is in material compliance with all applicable Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”) and anti-money laundering laws and regulations; (f) has ensured that no Company or, to the knowledge of any Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or other person acting on behalf of a Company has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of Anti-Corruption Laws, and the Credit Parties have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure continued compliance therewith; and (g) is in compliance, in all material respects, with the Patriot Act. Section 6.4.  Litigation and Administrative Proceedings.  Except as disclosed on Schedule 6.4 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter (and for matters disclosed by the Borrower on its periodic public filings), there are (a) no lawsuits, actions, investigations, examinations or other proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Companies, threatened against any Company, or in respect of which any Company may have any liability, in any court or before or by any Governmental Authority, arbitration board, or other tribunal that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (b) no orders, writs, injunctions, judgments, or decrees of any court or Governmental Authority to which any Company is a party or by which the property or assets of any Company are bound that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (c) no grievances, disputes, or controversies outstanding with any union or other organization of the employees of any Company, or threats of work stoppage, strike, or pending demands for collective bargaining that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 82                   Section  6.5.    Title to Assets.    Each  Credit  Party  has  good  title  to  and  ownership  of  all  property  it  purports  to  own,  which  property  is  free  and  clear  of  all  Liens,  except  those permitted under Section 5.9 hereof.  As of the Closing Date, the Credit Parties do not own any real estate. Section 6.6.  Liens and Security Interests.  On and after the Closing Date, except for Liens permitted pursuant to Section 5.9 hereof, (a) there is and will be no U.C.C. Financing Statement or similar notice of Lien outstanding covering any personal property of any Credit Party; (b) there is and will be no mortgage or charge outstanding covering any real property of any Credit Party; and (c) no real or personal property of any Credit Party is subject to any Lien of any kind.  The Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, upon the filing of the U.C.C. Financing  Statements  and  taking  such  other  actions  necessary  to  perfect  its  Lien  against  collateral  of  the  corresponding  type  as  authorized  hereunder  will  have  a  valid  and  enforceable  first priority Lien on the collateral securing the Secured Obligations to the extent such Lien may be perfected by the filing of a U.C.C. Financing Statement, subject to Liens permitted pursuant to Section 5.9.  Except as permitted in Sections 5.9 and 5.23, no Company has entered into any contract or agreement that would prohibit the Administrative Agent or the Lenders from acquiring a Lien on, or a collateral assignment of, any of the property or assets of any Credit Party that is described in the definition of Collateral. Section 6.7.  Tax Returns.  All federal, state and local tax returns and other reports required by law to be filed in respect of the income, business, properties and employees of each Company  have  been  timely  filed  (subject  to  valid  extensions)  and  all  taxes,  assessments,  fees  and  other  governmental  charges  that  are  due  and  payable  have  been  timely  paid  or  are  being contested  in  good  faith  by  appropriate  proceedings  diligently  conducted  and  for  which  adequate  reserves  are  being  maintained  in  accordance  with  GAAP,  in  each  case,  except  as  otherwise permitted herein or where the failure to do so does not and will not cause or result in a Material Adverse Effect. Section 6.8.  Environmental Laws.  Each Company is in compliance with all Environmental Laws, including, without limitation, all Environmental Laws in all jurisdictions in which any Company owns or operates, or has owned or operated, a facility or site, arranges or has arranged for disposal or treatment of hazardous substances, solid waste or other wastes, accepts or has accepted for transport any hazardous substances, solid waste or other wastes or holds or has held any interest in real property or otherwise, except for such non-compliance that could not reasonably  be  expected  to  have  a  Material  Adverse  Effect.    No  litigation  or  proceeding  arising  under,  relating  to  or  in  connection  with  any  Environmental  Law  or  Environmental  Permit  is pending or, to the best knowledge of each Company, threatened, against any Company, any real property in which any Company holds or has held an interest or any past or present operation of any  Company  that  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  have  a  Material  Adverse  Effect.    No  material  release,  threatened  release  or  disposal  of  hazardous  waste,  solid  waste  or  other  wastes  is occurring, or has occurred (other than those that are currently being remediated in accordance with Environmental Laws), on, under or to any real property in which any Company holds any interest or performs any of its operations, in violation in any material respect of any Environmental Law, in each case, except for such items that could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  As used in this Section 6.8, “litigation or proceeding” means 83         any demand, claim, notice, suit, suit in equity, action, administrative action, investigation or inquiry whether brought by any Governmental Authority or private Person, or otherwise. Section 6.9.  Locations.  As of the Closing Date, the Credit Parties have places of business or maintain their books and records, Accounts, Inventory and Equipment at the locations (including third party locations) set forth on Schedule 6.9 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter, and each Credit Party’s chief executive office is set forth on Schedule 6.1 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter.  Schedule 6.9 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter further specifies whether each location, as of the Closing Date, (a) is owned by a Credit Party, or (b) is leased by a Credit Party from a third party, and, if leased by a Credit Party from a third party, if a Landlord’s Waiver is required to be delivered pursuant to the terms hereof.  As of the Closing Date, Schedule 6.9 hereto correctly identifies the name and address of each third-party location where assets of a Credit Party are located. Section 6.10.  Continued Business.  There exists no actual, pending, or, to the Borrower’s knowledge, any threatened termination, cancellation or limitation of, or any modification or change (other than consistent with past business practices of the Companies and at the election of the Companies) in the business relationship of any Company and any customer or supplier, or any group of customers or suppliers, whose purchases or supplies, individually or in the aggregate, are material to the business of any Company, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and there exists no other present condition or state of facts or circumstances that would have a Material Adverse Effect or prevent a Company from conducting such business or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in substantially the same manner in which it was previously conducted other than the effects of COVID-19. Section 6.11.  Employee Benefits Plans.  Schedule 6.11 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter identifies each ERISA Plan as of the Closing Date.  No ERISA Event has within the six (6) years prior hereto occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to an ERISA Plan.  Disregarding any matters which do not have a Material Adverse Effect: (a) full payment has been made of all amounts that a Controlled Group member is required, under applicable Law or under the governing documents, to have paid as a contribution to or a benefit under each ERISA Plan; (b) the liability of each Controlled Group member with respect to each ERISA Plan has been appropriately funded based upon reasonable and proper actuarial assumptions, has been fully insured, or has been appropriately reserved for on its financial statements; and (c) no changes have occurred or are expected to occur that would cause a material increase in the cost of providing benefits under the ERISA Plan.  To the knowledge of the Borrower, with respect to each ERISA Plan administered by a Company or a Controlled Group member that is intended to be qualified under Code Section 401(a), (i) the ERISA Plan and any associated trust operationally comply with the applicable requirements of Code Section 401(a), (ii) the ERISA Plan and any associated trust  have  been  amended  to  comply  with  all  such  requirements  as  currently  in  effect,  other  than  those  requirements  for  which  a  retroactive  amendment  can  be  made  within  the  “remedial amendment period” available under Code Section 401(b) (as extended under Treasury Regulations and other Treasury pronouncements upon which taxpayers may rely), (iii) the ERISA Plan and any associated trust have received or are otherwise entitled to rely upon a favorable determination letter or opinion letter from the Internal Revenue Service stating that the ERISA Plan (or a prototype or volume submitter plan utilized as the plan document for 84         such ERISA Plan) qualifies under Code Section 401(a), that the associated trust qualifies under Code Section 501(a) and, if applicable, that any cash or deferred arrangement under the ERISA Plan qualifies under Code Section 401(k), unless the ERISA Plan was first adopted at a time for which the above-described “remedial amendment period” has not yet expired, (iv) the ERISA Plan currently satisfies the requirements of Code Section 410(b), without regard to any retroactive amendment that may be made within the above-described “remedial amendment period”, and (v) no contribution made to the ERISA Plan is subject to an excise tax under Code Section 4972.  With respect to any Pension Plan, the “accumulated benefit obligation” of Controlled Group members with respect to the Pension Plan (as determined in accordance with Statement of Accounting Standards No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”) does not exceed the fair market value of Pension Plan assets. Section 6.12.  Consents or Approvals.  Except as set forth on Schedule 6.12 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter, no consent, approval or authorization of, or filing, registration or qualification with, any Governmental Authority or any other Person is required to be obtained or completed by any Credit Party in connection with the execution, delivery or performance of any of the Loan Documents, that has not already been obtained or completed, except the filing and recording of financing statements and other documents necessary in order to perfect the Liens created by this Agreement or the Security Documents. Section  6.13.    Solvency.    The  Borrower,  on  a  consolidated  basis,  has  received  consideration  that  is  the  reasonably  equivalent  value  of  the  obligations  and  liabilities  that  the Borrower has incurred to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders under the Loan Documents.  The Borrower, on a consolidated basis, is not insolvent as defined in any applicable state, federal or  relevant  foreign  statute,  nor  will  the  Borrower,  on  a  consolidated  basis,  be  rendered  insolvent  by  the  execution  and  delivery  of  the  Loan  Documents  to  the  Administrative  Agent  and  the Lenders.  The Borrower, on a consolidated basis, is not engaged or about to engage in any business or transaction for which the assets retained by it are or will be an unreasonably small amount of capital, taking into consideration the obligations to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders incurred hereunder.  The Borrower, on a consolidated basis, does not intend, nor does it believe that it will, incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. Section 6.14.  Financial Statements.  The audited Consolidated financial statements of the Borrower for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 and the unaudited Consolidated financial statements of the Borrower for the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2020, furnished to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders are true and complete in all material respects, have been prepared  in  accordance  with  GAAP,  and  fairly  present  in  all  material  respects  the  financial  condition  of  the  Companies  as  of  the  dates  of  such  financial  statements  and  the  results  of  their operations for the periods then ending (subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of footnotes).  Since the dates of such statements, there has been no material adverse change in any Company’s financial condition, properties or business (provided that the impact of COVID-19 on the Borrower and its Subsidiaries that have occurred and were disclosed to or discussed with the Administrative Agent prior to the Closing Date or are otherwise general public knowledge prior to the Closing Date shall be disregarded) or any change in any Company’s accounting procedures, other than as permitted or required by GAAP.   85         Section 6.15.  Regulations.  No Company is engaged principally or as one of its important activities, in the business of extending credit for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any “margin stock” (within the meaning of Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States).  Neither the granting of any Loan (or any conversion thereof) or Letter of Credit nor the use of the proceeds of any Loan or Letter of Credit will violate, or be inconsistent with, the provisions of Regulation T, U or X or any other Regulation of such Board of Governors. Section 6.16.  Material Agreements.  Except as disclosed on Schedule 5.8 and Schedule 6.16 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter, as of the Closing Date, no Company is a party to any  (a)  debt  instrument  (excluding  the  Loan  Documents);  (b)  lease  (capital,  operating  or  otherwise),  whether  as  lessee  or  lessor  thereunder;  (c)  contract,  commitment,  agreement,  or  other arrangement involving the purchase or sale of any inventory by it, or the license of any right to or by it other than such contracts and agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business; (d) contract, commitment, agreement, or other arrangement with any of its “Affiliates” (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) other than a Company; (e) management or employment contract  or  contract  for  personal  services  with  any  of  its  Affiliates  that  is  not  otherwise  terminable  at  will  or  on  less  than  ninety  (90)  days’  notice  without  liability;  (f)  collective  bargaining agreement; or (g) other contract, agreement, understanding, or arrangement with a third party; that, as to subparts (a) through (g) above, if violated, breached, or terminated for any reason, would have or would be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Section 6.17.  Intellectual Property.  Each Credit Party owns, or has the right to use, all of the material patents, patent applications, industrial designs, designs, trademarks, service marks, copyrights and licenses, and rights with respect to the foregoing, necessary for the conduct of its business without any known infringement alleged by a third party against such Credit Party that would be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  Schedule 6.17 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter sets forth all license agreements (excluding off-the-shelf licenses available to the public) and federally registered patents, trademarks, copyrights and service marks owned by each Credit Party as of the Closing Date. Section 6.18.  Insurance.  Each Credit Party maintains with financially sound and reputable insurers insurance with coverage (including, if applicable, insurance coverage required by the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994) and limits as required by law and as is customary with Persons engaged in the same businesses as the Companies.  Schedule 6.18 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter sets forth all insurance carried by the Companies on the Closing Date, setting forth in detail the amount and type of such insurance. Section  6.19.    Deposit  Accounts  and  Securities  Accounts.    Schedule  6.19  of  the  Confidential  Disclosure  Letter lists  all  banks,  other  financial  institutions  and  Securities Intermediaries at which any Credit Party maintains Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts as of the Closing Date, and Schedule 6.19 of the Confidential Disclosure Letter identifies the name, address and telephone number of each such financial institution or Securities Intermediary, the name in which the account is held, a description of the purpose of the account, and the complete account number therefor. 86             Section  6.20.    Accurate  and  Complete  Statements.    Neither  the  Loan  Documents  nor  any  certification  made  by  any  Company  in  connection  with  any  of  the  Loan  Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or, taken as a whole, omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained therein or in the Loan Documents not seriously misleading; provided that with respect to projected financial information, such Company represents only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time (it being understood that such projections and forecasts are subject to uncertainties and contingencies and no assurances can be given that such projections or forecasts will be realized).  There is no known fact that any Company has not disclosed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that has or is likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. Section 6.21.  Investment Company; Other Restrictions.  No Company is (a) an “investment company” or a company “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or (b) subject to any foreign, federal, state or local statute or regulation limiting its ability to incur Indebtedness. Section 6.22.  Defaults.  No Default or Event of Default exists, nor will any begin to exist immediately after the execution and delivery of this Agreement. Section 6.23.  Beneficial Ownership.  The information included in each Beneficial Ownership Certification most recently delivered to each Lender (if any) is true and correct in all respects. ARTICLE VII. SECURITY Section 7.1.  Security Interest in Collateral.  In consideration of and as security for the full and complete payment of all of the Secured Obligations, the Borrower hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders (and affiliates thereof that hold Secured Obligations), a security interest in the Collateral. Section 7.2.  Collections and Receipt of Proceeds by the Borrower.   (a) Upon written notice to the Borrower from the Administrative Agent after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, a Cash Collateral Account shall be opened by the Borrower at the main office of the Administrative Agent (or such other office as shall be designated by  the Administrative Agent) and all such lawful collections of the Borrower’s Accounts and such Proceeds of the Borrower’s Accounts and Inventory shall be remitted daily by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent in the form in which they are received by the Borrower, either by mailing or by delivering such collections and Proceeds to the Administrative Agent, appropriately endorsed for deposit in the Cash Collateral Account.  In the event that such notice is given to the Borrower from the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall not commingle such collections or Proceeds with any of the Borrower’s other funds or property, but shall hold such collections and Proceeds separate and apart therefrom upon an express trust for the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders.  In such case, the 87                     Administrative Agent may, in its sole discretion, and shall, at the request of the Required Lenders, at any time and from time to time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of  Default,  apply  all  or  any  portion  of  the  account  balance  in  the  Cash  Collateral  Account  as  a  credit  against  (i)  the  outstanding  principal  or  interest  of  the  Loans,  or  (ii)  any  other  Secured Obligations in accordance with this Agreement.  If any remittance shall be dishonored, or if, upon final payment, any claim with respect thereto shall be made against the Administrative Agent on its warranties of collection, the Administrative Agent may charge the amount of such item against the Cash Collateral Account or any other Deposit Account (other than an Excluded Account) maintained by the Borrower with the Administrative Agent or with any other Lender, and, in any event, retain the same and the Borrower’s interest therein as additional security for the Secured Obligations.  The Administrative Agent may, in its sole discretion, at any time and from time to time, release funds from the Cash Collateral Account to the Borrower for use in the Borrower’s business.  The balance in the Cash Collateral Account may be withdrawn by the Borrower upon termination of this Agreement and Payment in Full of all of the Secured Obligations. (b) After  the  occurrence  and  during  the  continuance  of  an  Event  of  Default,  at  the  Administrative  Agent’s  written  request,  the  Borrower  shall  cause  all  remittances representing collections and Proceeds of Collateral to be mailed to a lockbox at a location acceptable to the Administrative Agent, to which the Administrative Agent shall have access for the processing of such items in accordance with the provisions, terms and conditions of the customary lockbox agreement of the Administrative Agent. (c) The Administrative Agent, or the Administrative Agent’s  designated  agent,  is  hereby  constituted  and  appointed  attorney‑in‑fact  for  the  Borrower  with  authority  and power to endorse, after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, any and all instruments, documents, and chattel paper upon the failure of the Borrower to do so.  Such authority and power, being coupled with an interest, shall be (i) irrevocable until all of the Secured Obligations are Paid in Full, (ii) exercisable by the Administrative Agent at any time and without any request upon the Borrower by the Administrative Agent to so endorse, and (iii) exercisable in the name of  the Administrative Agent or the Borrower.  To the extent permitted by applicable Law, the Borrower hereby waives presentment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, notice of protest, and any and all other similar notices with respect thereto, regardless of the form of any endorsement thereof.  Neither the Administrative Agent nor the Lenders shall be bound or obligated to take any action to preserve any rights therein against prior parties thereto. Section 7.3.  Collections and Receipt of Proceeds by Administrative Agent.  Each Credit Party hereby constitutes and appoints the Administrative Agent, or the Administrative Agent’s designated agent, as such Credit Party’s attorney-in-fact to exercise, at any time, after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, all or any of the following powers which, being coupled with an interest, shall be irrevocable until the Secured Obligations are Paid in Full: (a) to receive, retain, acquire, take, endorse, assign, deliver, accept, and deposit, in the name of the Administrative Agent or such Credit Party, any and all of such Credit Party’s cash, instruments, chattel paper, documents, Proceeds of Accounts, Proceeds of Inventory, 88           collection of Accounts, and any other writings relating to any of the Collateral.  To the extent permitted by applicable Law, each Credit Party hereby waives presentment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, notice of protest, and any and all other similar notices with respect thereto, regardless of the form of any endorsement thereof.  The Administrative Agent shall not be bound or obligated to take any action to preserve any rights therein against prior parties thereto; (b) to transmit to Account Debtors, on any or all of such Credit Party’s Accounts, notice of assignment to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, thereof and the security interest therein, and to request from such Account Debtors at any time, in the name of the Administrative Agent or such Credit Party, information concerning such Credit Party’s Accounts and the amounts owing thereon; (c) to transmit to purchasers of any or all of such Credit Party’s Inventory, notice of the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein, and to request from such purchasers at any time, in the name of the Administrative Agent or such Credit Party, information concerning such Credit Party’s Inventory and the amounts owing thereon by such purchasers; (d) to notify and require Account Debtors on such Credit Party’s Accounts and purchasers of such Credit Party’s Inventory to make payment of their indebtedness directly to the Administrative Agent; (e) to enter into or assent to such amendment, compromise, extension, release or other modification of any kind of, or substitution for, the Accounts, or any thereof, as the Administrative Agent, in its sole discretion, may deem to be advisable; (f) to enforce the Accounts or any thereof, or any other Collateral, by suit or otherwise, to maintain any such suit or other proceeding in the name of the Administrative Agent or one or more Credit Parties, and to withdraw any such suit or other proceeding.  The Credit Parties agree to lend every assistance reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent in respect of the foregoing, all at no cost or expense to the Administrative Agent and including, without limitation, the furnishing of such witnesses and of such records and other writings as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require in connection with making legal proof of any Account; (g) to take or bring, in the name of the Administrative Agent or such Credit Party, all steps, actions, suits, or proceedings deemed by the Administrative Agent necessary or appropriate to effect the receipt, enforcement, and collection of the Collateral; and (h) to accept all collections in any form relating to the Collateral, including remittances that may reflect deductions, and to deposit the same into the Cash Collateral Account or, at the option of the Administrative Agent, to apply them as a payment against the Loans or any other Secured Obligations in accordance with this Agreement. Section  7.4.    Administrative Agent’s Authority  Under Pledged Notes.    For  the  better  protection  of  the  Administrative  Agent  and  the  Lenders  hereunder,  each  Credit  Party,  as appropriate, will execute, with respect to any existing or future Pledged Notes an appropriate 89                   endorsement on (or separate from) each Pledged Note and with respect to Pledged Notes in the original principal amount in excess of [***], or upon request after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, has deposited (or will deposit, with respect to future Pledged Notes) such Pledged Notes with the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders.  Such Credit Party irrevocably authorizes and empowers the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, to, after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, (a) ask for, demand, collect and receive all payments of principal of and interest on the Pledged Notes; (b) compromise and settle any dispute arising in respect of the foregoing; (c) execute and deliver vouchers, receipts and acquittances in full discharge of the foregoing; (d) exercise, in the Administrative Agent’s discretion, any right, power or privilege granted to the holder of any Pledged Note by the provisions thereof including, without limitation, the right to demand security or to waive any default thereunder; (e) endorse such Credit Party’s name to each check or other writing received by the Administrative Agent as a payment or other proceeds of or otherwise in connection with any Pledged Note; (f) enforce delivery and payment of the principal and/or interest on the Pledged Notes, in each case by suit or otherwise as the Administrative Agent may desire; and (g) enforce the security, if any, for the Pledged Notes by instituting foreclosure proceedings, by conducting public or other sales or otherwise, and to take all other steps as the Administrative Agent, in its discretion, may deem advisable in connection with the forgoing; provided that nothing contained or implied herein or elsewhere shall obligate the Administrative Agent to institute any action, suit or proceeding or to make or do any other act or thing contemplated by this Section 7.4 or prohibit the Administrative Agent from settling, withdrawing or dismissing any action, suit or proceeding or require the Administrative Agent to preserve any other right of any kind in respect of the Pledged Notes and the security, if any, therefor. Section 7.5.  Commercial Tort Claims.  If any Credit Party shall at any time hold or acquire a Commercial Tort Claim in excess of [***], such Credit Party shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent thereof in a writing signed by such Credit Party, that sets forth the details thereof and grants to the Administrative Agent (for the benefit of the Lenders) a Lien thereon and on the Proceeds thereof, all upon the terms of this Agreement, with such writing to be prepared by and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. Section 7.6.  Use of Inventory and Equipment.  Until the exercise by the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders of their rights under Article IX hereof, each Credit Party may  (a)  retain  possession  of  and  use  its  Inventory  and  Equipment  in  any  lawful  manner  not  inconsistent  with  this  Agreement  or  with  the  terms,  conditions,  or  provisions  of  any  policy  of insurance thereon; (b) sell or lease its Inventory or Equipment in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise permitted by this Agreement; and (c) use and consume any raw materials or supplies, the use and consumption of which are necessary in order to carry on such Credit Party’s business. Any of the following specified events shall constitute an Event of Default (each an “Event of Default”):   ARTICLE VIII.  EVENTS OF DEFAULT 90             Section 8.1.  Payments.  If (a) the interest on any Loan, any commitment or other fee, or any other Obligation not listed in subpart (b) hereof, shall not be paid in full within five (5) Business Days of any applicable date when due and payable, or (b) the principal of any Loan, or any reimbursement obligation under any Letter of Credit that has been drawn, or any amount owing pursuant to Section 2.11 hereof shall not be paid in full when due and payable.   Section 8.2.  Special Covenants.  If any Company shall fail or omit to perform and observe Section 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.15, or 5.18 hereof. Section 8.3.  Other Covenants. (a)  If any Company shall fail or omit to perform and observe Section 5.3(a), (b), (c) or (d) and that Default shall not have been fully corrected within [***] Business Days thereafter; or (b)If any Company shall fail or omit to perform and observe any agreement or other provision (other than those referred to in Section 8.1 or 8.2 hereof) contained or referred to in this Agreement or any other Loan Document that is on such Company’s part to be complied with, and that Default shall not have been fully corrected within [***] days after the earlier of (a) any Financial Officer of such Company becomes aware of the occurrence thereof, or (b) the giving of written notice thereof to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders that the specified Default is to be remedied. Section 8.4.  Representations and Warranties.  If any representation, warranty or statement made by a Credit Party in or pursuant to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or any other certification furnished in writing by any Company to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders, or any thereof, shall be false or erroneous, in any material respect when made or deemed made. Section 8.5.  Cross Default.  If any Company shall default in the payment of principal or interest due and owing under any Material Indebtedness Agreement beyond any period of grace provided with respect thereto or in the performance or observance of any other agreement, term or condition contained in such Material Indebtedness Agreement beyond any period of grace provided with respect thereto, if the effect of such default is to allow the acceleration of the maturity of such Indebtedness or to permit the holder thereof to cause such Indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity. Section 8.6.  ERISA Default.  The occurrence of one or more ERISA Events or the imposition of a Lien on the assets of a Credit Party in accordance with Section 430(k) of the Code of any Company. Section 8.7.  Change in Control.  If any Change in Control shall occur. Section 8.8.  Judgments.  There is entered against any Company: 91                         (a) a final judgment or order for the payment of money by a court of competent jurisdiction, that remains unpaid or unstayed and undischarged for a period (during which execution shall not be effectively stayed) of forty-five (45) days after the date on which the right to appeal has expired, provided that such occurrence shall constitute an Event of Default only if the aggregate  of all such judgments  for all such Companies,  shall exceed [***] (excluding  any amount that will be covered by the proceeds of insurance  and is not subject to dispute by the insurance provider); or (b) any one or more non-monetary final judgments that are not covered by insurance, or, if covered by insurance, for which the insurance company has not agreed to or acknowledged coverage, and that, in either case, the Required Lenders reasonably determine have, or could be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect and, in either case, (i) enforcement proceedings are commenced by the prevailing party or any creditor upon such judgment or order, or (ii) there is a period of ten consecutive Business Days during which a stay of enforcement of such judgment, by reason of a pending appeal or otherwise, is not in effect. Section 8.9.  Security.  If any Lien as to any material amount of Collateral (as reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent) granted by a Credit Party in this Agreement or any other Loan Document in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, shall be determined to be (a) void, voidable or invalid, or is subordinated or not otherwise given the priority contemplated by this Agreement and the Borrower (or the appropriate Credit Party) has failed to promptly execute appropriate documents provided by the Administrative Agent to correct such matters, or (b) (i) unperfected as to any material amount of Collateral (as reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent) except to the extent resulting from the act or omission of the Administrative  Agent,  any  Lender  or  any  Affiliate  thereof  and  (ii)  the  Borrower  (or  the  appropriate  Credit  Party)  has  failed  to  promptly  execute  appropriate  documents  provided  by  the Administrative Agent to correct such matters. Section 8.10.  Validity of Loan Documents.  If (a) any material provision of any Loan Document shall at any time cease to be valid, binding and enforceable against any Credit Party; (b) the validity, binding effect or enforceability of any Loan Document against any Credit Party shall be contested in writing by any Credit Party; (c) any Credit Party shall deny in writing that it has any or further liability or obligation under any Loan Document; or (d) any Loan Document shall be terminated, invalidated or set aside, or be declared ineffective or inoperative or in any way cease to give or provide to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders any material benefits purported to be created thereby. Section 8.11.  Solvency.  If any Company (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) shall (a) except as permitted pursuant to Section 5.12 hereof, discontinue business; (b) generally not pay its debts as such debts become due; (c) make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; (d) apply for or consent to the appointment of an interim receiver, a receiver, a receiver and manager, an administrator, a sequestrator, a monitor, a custodian, a trustee, an interim trustee, a liquidator, an agent or any other similar official of all or a substantial part of its assets or of such Company; (e) be adjudicated a debtor or insolvent or have entered against it an order for relief under the Bankruptcy Code, or under any other bankruptcy insolvency, liquidation, winding-up, corporate or similar statute or law, foreign, federal, state or provincial, in any applicable 92           jurisdiction, now or hereafter existing, as any of the foregoing may be amended from time to time, or other applicable statute for jurisdictions outside of the United States, as the case may be; (f) file a voluntary petition under the Bankruptcy Code or seek relief under any bankruptcy or insolvency or analogous law in any jurisdiction outside of the United States, or file a proposal or notice of  intention  to  file  such  petition;  (g)  have  an  involuntary  proceeding  under  the  Bankruptcy  Code  filed  against  it  and  the  same  shall  not  be  controverted  within  ten  days,  or  shall  continue undismissed for a period of ninety (90) days from commencement of such proceeding or case; (h) file a petition, an answer, an application or a proposal seeking reorganization or an arrangement with creditors or seeking to take advantage of any other law (whether federal, provincial or state, or, if applicable, other jurisdiction) relating to relief of debtors, or admit (by answer, by default or otherwise) the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency or other proceeding (whether federal, provincial or state, or, if applicable, other jurisdiction) relating to relief of debtors; (i) suffer or permit to continue unstayed and in effect for ninety (90) consecutive days any judgment, decree or order entered by a court of competent jurisdiction, that approves a petition or an application or a proposal seeking its reorganization or appoints an interim receiver, a receiver and manager, an administrator, custodian, trustee, interim trustee or liquidator of all or a substantial part of its assets, or of such Company; (j) have an administrative receiver appointed over the whole or substantially the whole of its assets, or of such Company; or (k) have a moratorium declared in respect of any of its Indebtedness, or any analogous procedure or step is taken in any jurisdiction.   Notwithstanding any contrary provision or inference herein or elsewhere: ARTICLE IX.  REMEDIES UPON DEFAULT Section  9.1.    Optional  Defaults.    If  any  Event  of  Default  referred  to  in  Section  8.1,  8.2,  8.3,  8.4,  8.5,  8.6,  8.7,  8.8,  8.9  or  8.10  hereof  shall  occur  and  be  continuing,  the Administrative Agent may, with the consent of the Required Lenders, and shall, at the written request of the Required Lenders, give written notice to the Borrower to: (a) terminate  the  Commitment,  if  not  previously  terminated,  and,  immediately  upon  such  election,  the  obligations  of  the  Lenders,  and  each  thereof,  to  make  any  further Loan, and the obligation of the Issuing Lender to issue any Letter of Credit, immediately shall be terminated; and/or (b) accelerate the maturity of all of the Obligations (if the Obligations are not already due and payable), whereupon all of the Obligations shall become and thereafter be immediately due and payable in full without any presentment or demand and without any further or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Borrower. Section 9.2.  Automatic Defaults.  If any Event of Default referred to in Section 8.11 hereof shall occur: 93                   (a) all of the Commitment shall automatically and immediately terminate, if not previously terminated, and no Lender thereafter shall be under any obligation to grant any further Loan, nor shall the Issuing Lender be obligated to issue any Letter of Credit; and (b) the principal of and interest then outstanding on all of the Loans, and all of the other Obligations, shall thereupon become and thereafter be immediately due and payable in full (if the Obligations are not already due and payable), all without any presentment, demand or notice of any kind, which are hereby waived by the Borrower. Section 9.3.  Letters of Credit.    If  the  maturity  of  the  Obligations  shall  be  accelerated  pursuant  to  Section  9.1  or  9.2  hereof,  the  Borrower  shall  immediately  deposit  with  the Administrative Agent, as security for the obligations of the Borrower to reimburse the Administrative Agent and the Revolving Lenders for any then outstanding Letters of Credit, cash equal to one hundred three percent (103%) of the sum of the aggregate undrawn balance of any then outstanding Letters of Credit.  The Administrative Agent and the Lenders are hereby authorized, at their option, to deduct any and all such amounts from any deposit balances then owing by any Lender (or any affiliate of such Lender, wherever located) to or for the credit or account of any Company, as security for the obligations of the Borrower to reimburse the Administrative Agent and the Lenders for any then outstanding Letters of Credit. Section 9.4.  Offsets.  If there shall occur or exist, and be continuing, any Event of Default referred to in Section 8.11 hereof or if the maturity of the Obligations is accelerated pursuant to Section 9.1 or 9.2 hereof, each Lender and the Issuing Lender and each of their respective Affiliates shall have the right, with the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, to set‑off against, and to appropriate and apply toward the payment of, any and all of the Obligations then owing by the Borrower or a Guarantor of Payment to such Lender or the Issuing Lender (including,  without  limitation,  any  participation  purchased  or  to  be  purchased  pursuant  to  Section  2.2(b),  2.2(c)  or  9.5  hereof),  whether  or  not  the  same  shall  then  have  matured,  any  and  all deposit (general or special) balances and all other indebtedness then held or owing by such Lender or the Issuing Lender (including, without limitation, by branches and agencies of such Lender, wherever located) to or for the credit or account of the Borrower or any Guarantor of Payment, all without notice to or demand upon the Borrower or any other Person, all such notices and demands being hereby expressly waived by the Borrower.  Each Lender and the Issuing Lender agrees to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such set‑off and application (provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such set‑off and application).  In the event that any Defaulting Lender shall exercise any such right of set‑off,  (a) all amounts  so set‑off shall be paid over immediately to the Administrative Agent for further application in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.6(c) and (d) hereof, and, pending  such  payment,  shall  be  segregated  by  such  Defaulting  Lender  from  its  other  funds  and  deemed  held  in  trust  for  the  benefit  of  the  Administrative  Agent,  the  Issuing  Lender  and  the Lenders, and (b) such Defaulting Lender shall provide promptly to the Administrative Agent a statement describing in reasonable detail the Obligations owing to such Defaulting Lender as to which it exercised such right of set‑off.   Section 9.5.  Equalization Provisions.  Each Lender agrees with the other Lenders that, if it at any time shall obtain any Advantage over the other Lenders, or any thereof, in respect of the 94           Obligations (except as to Letters of Credit prior to the Administrative Agent’s giving of notice to participate and except under Article III hereof), it shall purchase from the other Lenders, for cash and at par, such additional participation in the Obligations as shall be necessary to nullify such Advantage.  If any such Advantage resulting in the purchase of an additional participation as aforesaid shall be recovered in whole or in part from the Lender receiving such Advantage, each such purchase shall be rescinded, and the purchase price restored (but without interest unless the Lender receiving such Advantage is required to pay interest on such Advantage to the Person recovering such Advantage from such Lender) ratably to the extent of the recovery.  Each Lender further agrees with the other Lenders that if it at any time shall receive any payment for or on behalf of the Borrower (or through any Guarantor of Payment) on any Indebtedness owing by the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement (whether by voluntary payment, by realization upon security, by reason of offset of any deposit or other indebtedness, by counterclaim or cross-action, by the enforcement  of any right  under  any Loan  Document,  or otherwise),  it will apply  such payment  first  to any and all Obligations  owing  by the Borrower to that Lender (including, without limitation,  any  participation  purchased  or  to  be  purchased  pursuant  to  this  Section  9.5  or  any  other  section  of  this  Agreement).    Each  Credit  Party  agrees  that  any  Lender  so  purchasing  a participation from the other Lenders or any thereof pursuant to this Section 9.5 may exercise all of its rights of payment (including the right of set‑off) with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of such Credit Party in the amount of such participation.   Section 9.6.  Collateral.  The Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall at all times have the rights and remedies of a secured party under the U.C.C., in addition to the rights and remedies of a secured party provided elsewhere within this Agreement, in any other Loan Document, or otherwise provided in law or equity; provided that any exercise thereof shall be by the Administrative  Agent  or  a  designee  thereof.    Upon  the  occurrence  and  during  the  continuance  of  an  Event  of  Default,  the  Administrative  Agent  may  require  the  Borrower  to  assemble  the collateral securing the Secured Obligations, which the Borrower agrees to do, and make it available to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders at a reasonably convenient place to be designated in writing by the Administrative Agent.  The Administrative Agent may, with or without notice to or demand upon the Borrower and with or without the aid of legal process, make use of such force as may be necessary to enter any premises where such collateral, or any thereof, may be found and to take possession thereof (including anything found in or on such collateral that is not specifically described in this Agreement, each of which findings shall be considered to be an accession to and a part of such collateral) and for that purpose may pursue such collateral wherever the  same  may  be  found,  without  liability  for  trespass.    After  any  delivery  or  taking  of  possession  of  the  collateral  securing  the  Secured  Obligations,  or  any  portion  thereof,  pursuant  to  this Agreement, then, with or without resort to the Borrower personally or any other Person or property, all of which the Borrower hereby waives, and upon such terms and in such manner as the Administrative Agent may deem advisable, the Administrative Agent, in its discretion, may sell, assign, transfer and deliver any of such collateral at any time, or from time to time.  No prior notice need be given to the Borrower or to any other Person in the case of any sale of such collateral that the Administrative Agent determines to be perishable or to be declining speedily in value or that is customarily sold in any recognized market, but in any other case the Administrative Agent shall give the Borrower not fewer than ten days prior notice of either the time and place of any public sale of such collateral or of the time after which any private sale or other intended disposition thereof is to be made.  The Borrower waives 95     advertisement of any such sale and (except to the extent specifically required by the preceding sentence and applicable Law) waives notice of any kind in respect of any such sale.  At any such public sale, the Administrative Agent or the Lenders may purchase such collateral, or any part thereof, free from any right of redemption, all of which rights the Borrower hereby waives and releases.  After paying all claims, if any, secured by Liens having precedence over this Agreement, the Administrative Agent shall promptly apply the net proceeds of each such sale to or toward the payment of the Secured Obligations, whether or not then due, as set forth in Section 9.8 hereof.  Any excess, to the extent permitted by law, shall be paid to the Borrower, and the Borrower shall remain liable for any deficiency.  In addition, if the maturity of the Obligations is accelerated pursuant to Section 9.1 or 9.2 hereof, the Administrative Agent shall at all times have the right to obtain new appraisals of the Borrower or any collateral securing the Secured Obligations, the documented reasonable out-of-pocket cost of which shall be paid by the Borrower pursuant to Section 11.5 hereof. Section 9.7.  Other Remedies.  The remedies in this Article IX are in addition to, and not in limitation of, any other right, power, privilege, or remedy, either in law, in equity, or otherwise, to which the Lenders may be entitled.  The Administrative Agent shall exercise the rights under this Article IX and all other collection efforts on behalf of the Lenders and no Lender shall act independently with respect thereto, except as otherwise specifically set forth in this Agreement.  In addition, the Administrative Agent shall be entitled to exercise remedies, pursuant to the Loan Documents, against collateral securing the Secured Obligations, on behalf of any affiliate of a Lender that holds Secured Obligations, and no affiliate of a Lender shall act independently with respect thereto, except as otherwise specifically set forth in this Agreement. Section 9.8.  Application of Proceeds. (a) Payments Prior to Exercise of Remedies.  Prior to the exercise by the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Lenders, of remedies under this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, all monies received by the Administrative Agent in connection with the Revolving Credit Commitment shall be applied, unless otherwise required by the terms of the other Loan Documents or by applicable Law; to the Loans and Letters of Credit, as appropriate; provided that the Administrative Agent shall have the right at all times to apply any payment received from the Borrower first to the payment of all obligations then due and payable (to the extent not paid by the Borrower) incurred by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 11.5 hereof. (b) Payments Subsequent to Exercise of Remedies.  After the exercise by the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders of remedies under this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, all monies received by the Administrative Agent including payments under any Guaranty of Payment shall be applied, unless otherwise specifically required by the terms of the other Loan Documents or by applicable Law, as follows: (i) first, to the payment of all costs, expenses and other amounts (to the extent not paid by the Borrower) incurred by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Sections 11.5 and 11.6 hereof to the Administrative Agent; 96               (ii) second,  to  the  payment  pro  rata  of  (A)  interest  then  accrued  and  payable  on  the  outstanding  Loans,  (B)  any  fees  then  accrued  and  payable  to  the Administrative Agent, (C) any fees then accrued and payable to the Issuing Lender or the holders of the Letter of Credit Commitment in respect of the Letter of Credit Exposure, (D) any commitment fees, amendment fees and similar fees shared pro rata among the Lenders entitled thereto under this Agreement that are then accrued and payable, and (E) to the extent not paid by the Borrower, to the obligations incurred by the Lenders (other than the Administrative Agent) pursuant to Sections 11.5 and 11.6 hereof; (iii) third, for payment of (A) principal outstanding on the Loans and the Letter of Credit Exposure, on a pro rata basis to the Lenders, based upon each such Lender’s Commitment Percentage, provided that the amounts payable in respect of the Letter of Credit Exposure shall be held and applied by the Administrative Agent as security for the reimbursement obligations in respect thereof, and, if any Letter of Credit shall expire without being drawn, then the amount with respect to such Letter of Credit shall be distributed to the Lenders, on a pro rata basis in accordance with this subpart (iii), (B) the Indebtedness under any Hedge Agreement with a Lender (or an entity that is an affiliate of a then existing Lender), such amount to be based upon the net termination obligation of the Borrower under such Hedge Agreement, and (C) the Bank Product Obligations owing to a Lender (or an entity that is an affiliate of a then existing Lender) under Bank Product Agreements; with such payment to be pro rata among (A), (B) and (C) of this subpart (iii); (iv) (v) thereto. fourth, to any remaining Secured Obligations; and finally, any remaining surplus after all of the Secured Obligations have been Paid in Full, to  the Borrower or to whomsoever shall be lawfully entitled Each Lender hereby agrees to promptly provide all information reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent regarding any Bank Product Obligations owing to such Lender (or affiliate of such Lender) or any Hedge Agreement entered into by a Company with such Lender (or affiliate of such Lender), and each such Lender, on behalf of itself and any of its affiliates, hereby agrees to promptly provide notice to the Administrative Agent upon such Lender (or any of its affiliates) entering into any such Hedge Agreement or cash management services agreement. Section 10.1.  Appointment and Authorization.   ARTICLE X.  THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT (a) General.    Each  of  the  Lenders  and  the  Issuing  Lender  hereby  irrevocably  appoints  KeyBank  National  Association  to  act  on  its  behalf  as  the  Administrative  Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms 97                     hereof or thereof, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. Except as otherwise provided in Section 10.6(a) and (b) hereof, the provisions of this Article are solely  for  the  benefit  of  the  Administrative  Agent,  the  Lenders  and  the  Issuing  Lender,  and  the  Borrower  shall  not  have  rights  as  a  third-party  beneficiary  of  any  of  such  provisions.  It  is understood and agreed that the use of the term “agent” herein or in any other Loan Documents (or any other similar term) with reference to the Administrative Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable Law. Instead such term is used as a matter of market custom, and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between contracting parties. (b) Bank Products and Hedging Products.  Each Lender that is providing Bank Products or products in connection with a Hedge Agreement (or whose affiliate is providing such products)  hereby  irrevocably  authorizes  the  Administrative  Agent  to  take  such  action  as  agent  on  its  behalf  (and  its  affiliate’s  behalf)  with  respect  to  the  collateral  securing  the  Secured Obligations  and  the  realization  of  payments  with  respect  thereto  pursuant  to  Section  9.8(b)(iii)  hereof.    The  Borrower  and  each  Lender  agree  that  the  indemnification  and  reimbursement provisions  of  this  Agreement  shall  be  equally  applicable  to  the  actions  of  the  Administrative  Agent  pursuant  to  this  subsection  (b).    Each  Lender  hereby  represents  and  warrants  to  the Administrative Agent that it has the authority to authorize the Administrative Agent as set forth above. Section 10.2.  Rights as a Lender.  The Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and  may  exercise  the  same  as  though  it  were  not  the  Administrative  Agent,  and  the  term  “Lender”  or  “Lenders”  shall,  unless  otherwise  expressly  indicated  or  unless  the  context  otherwise requires, include the Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder in its individual capacity. Such Person and its affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to, own securities of, act as the financial advisor or in any other advisory capacity for, and generally engage in any kind of business with, the Borrower or any Subsidiary or other Affiliate thereof as if such Person were not the Administrative Agent hereunder and without any duty to account therefor to the Lenders. Section 10.3.  Exculpatory Provisions.   (a)  The Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or obligations except those expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, and its duties hereunder shall be administrative in nature. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent: (i) shall not be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether a Default has occurred and is continuing; shall  not  have  any  duty  to  take  any  discretionary  action  or  exercise  any  discretionary  powers,  except  discretionary  rights  and  powers  expressly contemplated hereby or by the other Loan Documents that the Administrative Agent is required to exercise as directed in writing by the Required Lenders (or such other number or (ii) 98               percentage of the Lenders as shall be expressly provided for herein or in the other Loan Documents); provided that the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any action that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Administrative Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or applicable Law, including for the  avoidance  of  doubt  any  action  that  may  be  in  violation  of  the  automatic  stay  under  any  Debtor  Relief  Law  or  that  may effect a  forfeiture,  modification  or  termination  of property of a Defaulting Lender in violation of any Debtor Relief Law; and (iii) shall  not,  except  as  expressly  set  forth  herein  and  in  the  other  Loan  Documents,  have  any  duty  to  disclose,  and  shall  not  be  liable  for  the  failure  to disclose, any information relating to the Borrower or any of its Affiliates that is communicated to or obtained by the Person serving as the Administrative Agent or any of its affiliates in any capacity. (b) The Administrative Agent shall not be liable to the Issuing Lenders, the Lenders or any affiliate thereof for any action taken or not taken by it (i) with the consent or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent shall believe in good faith shall be necessary, under the circumstances as provided in Sections 11.3 and Article IX hereof), or (ii) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by  final  and  nonappealable  judgment.  The  Administrative  Agent  shall  be  deemed  not  to  have  knowledge  of  any  Default  unless  and  until  notice  describing  such  Default  is  given  to  the Administrative Agent in writing by the Borrower, a Lender or an Issuing Lender. (c) The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (iii) the performance  or  observance  of  any  of  the  covenants,  agreements  or  other  terms  or  conditions  set  forth  herein  or  therein  or  the  occurrence  of  any  Default,  (iv)  the  validity,  enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document, or (v) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article IV hereof or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent. Section 10.4.  Reliance by the Administrative Agent.  The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely upon, and shall not incur any liability for relying upon, any notice, request, certificate, consent, statement, instrument, document or other writing (including any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or otherwise authenticated by the proper Person. The Administrative Agent also may rely upon any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to have been made by the proper Person, and shall not incur any liability for relying thereon. In determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of a Loan, or the issuance, extension, increase, reinstatement or renewal of a Letter of Credit, that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of a Lender or the Issuing Lender, the Administrative Agent may presume that such condition is satisfactory to such Lender or the 99           Issuing Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from such Lender or Issuing Lender prior to the making of such Loan or the issuance of such Letter of Credit. The Administrative Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be counsel for the Borrower), independent accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in accordance with the advice of any such counsel, accountants or experts. Section  10.5.    Delegation  of  Duties.    The  Administrative  Agent  may  perform  any  and  all  of  its  duties  and  exercise  its  rights  and  powers  hereunder  or  under  any  other  Loan Document  by  or  through  any  one  or  more  sub‑agents  appointed  by  the  Administrative  Agent.  The  Administrative  Agent  and  any  such  sub‑agent  may  perform  any  and  all  of  its  duties  and exercise  its  rights  and  powers  by  or  through  their  respective  Related  Parties.  The  exculpatory  provisions  of  this  Article  shall  apply  to  any  such  sub‑agent  and  to  the  Related  Parties  of  the Administrative Agent and any such sub‑agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities herein as well as activities as Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any sub-agents except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines in a final and nonappealable judgment that the Administrative Agent acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct in the selection of such sub‑agents. Section 10.6.  Resignation of Administrative Agent.   (a)  The  Administrative  Agent  may  at  any  time  give  notice  of  its  resignation  to  the  Lenders,  the  Issuing  Lender  and  the  Borrower.    Upon  receipt  of  any  such  notice  of resignation, the Required Lenders shall have the right to appoint a successor and if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at such time, such successor shall be reasonably acceptable to the Borrower.  If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days after the retiring Administrative Agent gives notice of its resignation (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the “Resignation Effective Date”), then the retiring Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to), on behalf of the Lenders and the Issuing Lender, appoint a successor Administrative Agent; provided that in no event shall any such successor Administrative Agent be a Defaulting Lender.  Whether or not a successor has been appointed, such resignation shall become effective in accordance with such notice on the Resignation Effective Date.   (b) If the Person serving as Administrative Agent is a Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (d) of the definition thereof, the Required Lenders may, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, by notice in writing to the Borrower and such Person remove such Person as Administrative Agent and appoint a successor and if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at such time, such successor shall be reasonably acceptable to the Borrower.  If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the “Removal Effective Date”), then such removal shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice on the Removal Effective Date. 100             (c)  With effect from the Resignation Effective Date or the Removal Effective Date (as applicable) (i) the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its  duties  and  obligations  hereunder  and  under  the  other  Loan  Documents  and  (ii)  except  for  any  indemnity  payments  owed  to  the  retiring  or  removed  Administrative  Agent,  all  payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through the Administrative Agent shall instead be made by or to each Lender and the Issuing Lender directly, until such time, if any,  as  the  Required  Lenders  appoint  a  successor  Administrative  Agent  as  provided  for  above.  Upon  the  acceptance  of  a  successor’s  appointment  as  Administrative  Agent  hereunder,  such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring or removed Administrative Agent (other than any rights to indemnity payments owed to the retiring or removed Administrative Agent), and the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents. The fees payable by the Borrower to a successor Administrative Agent shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between the Borrower and such  successor. After  the  retiring  or  removed  Administrative  Agent’s  resignation  or  removal  hereunder  and  under  the  other  Loan  Documents,  the  provisions  of  this  Article  and  Section  11.5 hereof shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring or removed Administrative Agent, its sub agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring or removed Administrative Agent was acting as Administrative Agent. Section 10.7.  Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders.  Each Lender and the Issuing Lender acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the  Administrative  Agent  or  any  other  Lender  or  any  of  their  Related  Parties  and  based  on  such  documents  and  information  as  it  has  deemed  appropriate,  made  its  own  credit  analysis  and decision to enter into this Agreement. Each Lender and the Issuing Lender also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, continue to make its own decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder. Section 10.8.  Other Agents.  The Administrative Agent shall have the continuing right, in consultation with the Borrower, from time to time to designate one or more Lenders (or its  or  their  affiliates)  as  “syndication  agent”,  “co-syndication  agent”,  “documentation  agent”,  “co-documentation  agent”,  “book  runner”,  “lead  arranger”,  “joint  lead  arranger”,  “arrangers”  or other designations for purposes hereof.  Any such designation referenced in the previous sentence or listed on the cover of this Agreement shall have no substantive effect, and any such Lender and its affiliates so referenced or listed shall have no additional powers, duties, responsibilities or liabilities as a result thereof, except in its capacity, as applicable, as the Administrative Agent, a Lender or the Issuing Lender hereunder. Section 10.9.  Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim.  In case of the pendency of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law the Administrative Agent (irrespective of whether the principal of any Loan or Letter of Credit obligation shall then be due and payable as herein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Administrative 101         Agent shall have made any demand on the Borrower) shall be entitled and empowered (but not obligated) by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise: (a) to  file  and  prove  a  claim  for  the  whole  amount  of  the  principal  and  interest  owing  and  unpaid  in  respect  of  the  Loans,  Letter  of  Credit  obligations  and  all  other Obligations that are owing and unpaid and to file such other documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Lenders, the Issuing Lender and the Administrative Agent (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Lenders, the Issuing Lender and the Administrative Agent and their respective agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Lenders, the Issuing Lender and the Administrative Agent under the Loan Documents) allowed in such judicial proceeding; and (b) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Lender and the Issuing Lender to make such payments to the Administrative Agent and, in the event that the Administrative Agent shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Lenders and the Issuing Lender, to pay to the Administrative Agent any amount due for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Administrative Agent and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Administrative Agent under Sections 11.5 and 11.6 hereof. Section  10.10.    Indemnification  of  Administrative  Agent.    The  Lenders  agree  to  indemnify  the  Administrative  Agent  (to  the  extent  not  reimbursed  by  the  Borrower)  ratably, according  to  their  respective  Commitment  Percentages,  from  and  against  any  and  all  liabilities,  obligations,  losses,  damages,  penalties,  actions,  judgments,  suits,  costs,  expenses  (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever that may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent in its capacity as agent in any way relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or any action taken or omitted by the Administrative Agent with respect to this Agreement or any other Loan Document, provided that no Lender shall be liable for any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) or disbursements resulting from the Administrative Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, as determined by a final and non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction, or from any action taken or omitted by the Administrative Agent in any capacity other than as agent under this Agreement or any other Loan Document.  No action taken in accordance with the directions of the Required Lenders shall be deemed to constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct for purposes of this Section 10.10.  The undertaking in this Section 10.10 shall survive repayment of the Loans, cancellation of the Notes, if any, expiration or termination of the Letters of Credit, termination of the Commitment, any foreclosure under, or modification, release or discharge of, any or all of the Loan Documents, termination of this Agreement and the resignation or replacement of the agent. Section  10.11.    Issuing Lender.    The  Issuing  Lender  shall  act  on  behalf  of  the  Revolving  Lenders  with  respect  to  any  Letters  of  Credit  issued  by  the  Issuing  Lender  and  the documents 102             associated therewith.  The Issuing Lender shall have all of the benefits and immunities (a) provided to the Administrative Agent in this Article X with respect to any acts taken or omissions suffered  by  the  Issuing Lender  in  connection  with  the  Letters  of  Credit  and  the  applications  and  agreements  for  letters  of  credit  pertaining  to  such  Letters  of  Credit  as  fully  as  if  the  term “Administrative Agent”, as used in this Article X, included the Issuing Lender  with respect  to such acts or omissions,  and (b) as additionally  provided  in  this Agreement with respect to the Issuing Lender. Section 10.12.  No Reliance on Administrative Agent’s Customer Identification Program.  Each Lender acknowledges and agrees that neither such Lender, nor any of its affiliates, participants  or  assignees,  may  rely  on  the  Administrative  Agent  to  carry  out  such  Lender’s  or  its  affiliate’s,  participant’s  or  assignee’s  customer  identification  program,  or  other  obligations required  or  imposed  under  or  pursuant  to  the  Patriot  Act  or  the  regulations  thereunder,  including  the  regulations  contained  in  31  CFR  103.121  (as  hereafter  amended  or  replaced,  the  “CIP Regulations”), or any other anti‑terrorism law, including any programs involving any of the following items relating to or in connection with the Borrower, its respective Affiliates or agents, the Loan Documents or the transactions hereunder: (a) any identity verification procedures, (b) any record keeping, (c) any comparisons with government lists, (d) any customer notices or (e) any other procedures required under the CIP Regulations or such other laws. Section 10.13.  Platform. (a) Each Credit Party agrees that the Administrative Agent may, but shall not be obligated to, make the Communications (as defined below) available to the Issuing Lender and the other Lenders by posting the Communications on the Platform.   (b) The Platform is provided “as is” and “as available.”  The Agent Parties (as defined below) do not warrant the adequacy of the Platform and expressly disclaim liability for errors or omissions in the Communications.  No warranty of any kind, express, implied or statutory, including, without limitation, any warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement of third-party rights or freedom from viruses or other code defects, is made by any Agent Party in connection with the Communications or the Platform.  In no event shall the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties (collectively, the “Agent Parties”) have any liability to the Borrower or the other Credit Parties, any Lender or any other Person or entity for damages of any kind, including, without limitation, direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, losses or expenses (whether in tort, contract or otherwise) arising out of  the  Borrower’s,  any  Credit  Party’s  or  the  Administrative  Agent’s  transmission  of  communications  through  the  Platform.    “Communications”  means,  collectively,  any  notice,  demand, communication, information, document or other material provided by or on behalf of any Credit Party pursuant to any Loan Document or the transactions contemplated therein that is distributed to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Issuing Lender by means of electronic communications pursuant to this Section, including through the Platform. 10.14.  Release of Collateral or Guarantor of Payment.  In the event of a merger, transfer of assets or other transaction permitted pursuant to Section 5.12 hereof (or otherwise permitted pursuant to this Agreement or any other Loan Document) where the proceeds of such merger, 103             transfer or other transaction are applied in accordance with the terms of this Agreement to the extent required to be so applied, or in the event of a merger, consolidation, dissolution or similar event, permitted pursuant to this Agreement or any other Loan Document, the Administrative Agent, at the request and expense of the Borrower, is hereby authorized by the Lenders to (a) release the relevant Collateral from this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (b) release a Guarantor of Payment in connection with such permitted transfer or event, and (c) duly assign, transfer and deliver to the affected Person (without recourse and without any representation or warranty) such Collateral as is then (or has been) so transferred or released and as may be in the possession of the Administrative Agent and has not theretofore been released pursuant to this Agreement. ARTICLE XI.  MISCELLANEOUS Section  11.1.    Lenders’  Independent  Investigation.    Each  Lender,  by  its  signature  to  this  Agreement,  acknowledges  and  agrees  that  the  Administrative  Agent  has  made  no representation or warranty, express or implied, with respect to the creditworthiness, financial condition, or any other condition of any Company or with respect to the statements contained in any information memorandum furnished in connection herewith or in any other oral or written communication between the Administrative Agent and such Lender.  Each Lender represents that it has made and shall continue to make its own independent investigation of the creditworthiness, financial condition and affairs of the Companies in connection with the extension of credit hereunder, and agrees that the Administrative Agent has no duty or responsibility, either initially or on a continuing basis, to provide any Lender with any credit or other information with respect thereto (other  than  such  notices  as  may  be  expressly  required  to  be  given  by  the  Administrative  Agent  to  the  Lenders  hereunder),  whether  coming  into  its  possession  before  the  first  Credit  Event hereunder or at any time or times thereafter.  Each Lender further represents that it has reviewed each of the Loan Documents. Section 11.2.  No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies.  No omission or course of dealing on the part of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the holder of any Note (or, if there is no Note, the holder of the interest as reflected on the books and records of the Administrative Agent) in exercising any right, power or remedy hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or remedy preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or remedy hereunder or under any of the Loan Documents.  The remedies herein provided are cumulative and in addition to any other rights, powers or privileges held under any of the Loan Documents or by operation of law, by contract or otherwise. Section 11.3.  Amendments, Waivers and Consents.   (a) General Rule.  Except as set forth in Section 3.8 hereof, no amendment, modification, termination, or waiver of any provision of any Loan Document nor consent to any variance therefrom (other than pursuant to Section 2.9(b) hereof), shall be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Required Lenders and, other than with respect to 104               waivers and consents, the Borrower, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. (b) Exceptions to the General Rule.  Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) above, but subject to the provisions of Section 2.9(b) hereof: (i) Consent  of  Lenders  Affected  Required.    No  amendment,  modification,  waiver  or  consent  shall  (A)  extend  or  increase  the  Commitment  of  any  Lender without the written consent of such Lender, (B) extend the date scheduled for payment of any principal of or interest on the Loans or Letter of Credit reimbursement obligations or commitment fees payable hereunder without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby, (C) reduce the principal amount of any Loan, the stated rate of interest thereon (provided that the institution of the Default Rate or post default interest and a subsequent removal of the Default Rate or post default interest shall not constitute a decrease in interest rate pursuant to this Section 11.3(b)) or the stated rate of commitment fees payable hereunder, without the consent of each Lender directly affected thereby, (D) change the  manner  of  the  application  of  any  payments  made  by  the  Borrower  to  the  Lenders  hereunder,  without  the  consent  of  each  Lender  directly  affected  thereby,  (E)  without  the unanimous  consent  of  the  Lenders,  change  any  percentage  voting  requirement,  voting  rights,  or  the  Required  Lenders  definition  in  this  Agreement,  (F)  without  the  unanimous consent of the Lenders, release the Borrower or any Guarantor of Payment or release or subordinate any material amount of collateral securing the Secured Obligations, except in connection with a transaction specifically permitted hereunder, (G) without the unanimous consent of the Lenders, amend this Section 11.3 or Section 9.5 or 9.8 hereof, or (H) without the unanimous consent of the Lenders, permit the Borrower to assign its rights hereunder or any interest herein. (ii) Provisions Relating to Special Rights and Duties.  No provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document affecting the Administrative Agent in its capacity as such shall be amended, modified or waived without the consent of the Administrative Agent.  The Administrative Agent Fee Letter may be amended or modified by the Administrative  Agent  and  the  Borrower  without  the  consent  of  any  other  Lender.    No  provision  of  this  Agreement  relating  to  the  rights  or  duties  of  the  Issuing  Lender  in  its capacity as such shall be amended, modified or waived without the consent of the Issuing Lender. (iii) Technical and Conforming Modifications.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, technical and conforming modifications to the Loan Documents may be made with  the  prior  written  consent  of  the  Borrower  and  the  Administrative  Agent  (A)  if  such  modifications  are  not  adverse  to  the  Lenders  and  are  requested  by  Governmental Authorities, (B) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, or (C) to the extent necessary to integrate any increase in the Commitment or new Loans pursuant to Section 2.9(b) hereof. (c) Replacement of Non‑Consenting Lender.  If, in connection with any proposed amendment, waiver or consent hereunder, the consent of all Lenders is required, but only the 105             consent  of  Required  Lenders  is  obtained,  (any  Lender  withholding  consent  as  described  in  this  subsection  (c)  being  referred  to  as  a  “Non‑Consenting  Lender”),  then,  so  long  as  the Administrative  Agent  is  not  the  Non‑Consenting  Lender,  the  Administrative  Agent  may  (and  shall,  if  requested  by  the  Borrower),  at  the  sole  expense  of  the  Borrower,  upon  notice  to  such Non‑Consenting Lender and the Borrower, require such Non‑Consenting Lender to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with the restrictions contained in Section 11.9 hereof) all of its interests, rights and obligations under this Agreement to an Eligible Assignee reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that shall assume such obligations (which assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment); provided that such Non‑Consenting Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to the outstanding principal of its Loans, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder, from such Eligible Assignee (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower (in the case of all other amounts, including any breakage compensation under Article III hereof). (d) Generally.  Notice of amendments, waivers or consents ratified by the Lenders hereunder shall be forwarded by the Administrative Agent to all of the Lenders.  Each Lender or other holder of a Note, or if there is no Note, the holder of the interest as reflected on the books and records of the Administrative Agent (or interest in any Loan or Letter of Credit) shall be bound by any amendment, waiver or consent obtained as authorized by this Section 11.3, regardless of its failure to agree thereto. Section 11.4.  Notices.  All notices, requests, demands and other communications provided for hereunder shall be in writing and, if to the Borrower, mailed (via overnight mail) or delivered  to  it,  addressed  to  it  at  the  address  specified  on  the  signature  pages  of  this  Agreement,  if  to  the  Administrative  Agent  or  a  Lender,  mailed  (via  overnight  mail)  or  delivered  to  it, addressed  to  the  address  of  the  Administrative  Agent  or  such  Lender  specified  on  the  signature  pages  of  this  Agreement,  an  Assignment  Agreement  or  an  Assignment  and  Assumption Agreement, as applicable, or, as to each party, at such other address as shall be designated by such party in a written notice to each of the other parties.  All notices, statements, requests, demands and other communications provided for hereunder shall be deemed to be given or made when delivered (if received during normal business hours on a Business Day, such Business Day or otherwise the following Business Day), or three Business Days after being deposited in the mails with postage prepaid by registered or certified mail, addressed as aforesaid, or sent by facsimile or electronic communication, in each case of facsimile or electronic communication with telephonic confirmation of receipt.  All notices pursuant to any of the provisions hereof shall not be effective until received.   Section 11.5.  Costs and Expenses.  The Borrower agrees to pay all documented reasonable out‑of‑pocket costs and expenses of the Administrative Agent and all Related Expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, negotiation and closing of the Loan Documents and related due diligence or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions hereof or thereof, and the collection and disbursement of all funds hereunder and the other instruments and documents to be delivered hereunder, including but not limited to (a) documented reasonable out-of-pocket  syndication  and  administration  expenses,  including  but  not  limited  to  (i)  documented  reasonable  out‑of‑pocket  attorneys’  fees  and  expenses  of  a  single  counsel  to  the Administrative Agent, and (ii) all filing and recording fees and taxes charged in connection with the filing or recordation of U.C.C. Financing Statements and security interests with respect to the Credit Parties; provided that prior to filing any such U.C.C. Financing Statements or security interests in a jurisdiction (such as Florida) that charges a material tax or other material charge in addition to routine filing fees, the Administrative Agent shall provide the Borrower with reasonable advance notice thereof and reasonably cooperate with the Borrower to mitigate the obligation to  pay  such  tax  or  other  charges,  and  (b)  documented  reasonable  out-of-pocket  fees  and  expenses  of  one  local  counsel  for  each  applicable  jurisdiction  (if  reasonably  required)  for  the Administrative  Agent  with  respect  to  the  foregoing.    The  Borrower  also  agrees  to  pay  all  documented  reasonable  out‑of‑pocket  costs  and  expenses  (including  Related  Expenses)  of  the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in connection with the restructuring, amendment or enforcement of the Obligations or any Loan Document, including attorneys’ fees and expenses of a single counsel to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, as a whole, absent a conflict of interest (and, in the event of a conflict of interest, one additional counsel for the parties subject to such conflict) and one local counsel in each relevant jurisdiction for each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, taken as a whole.  The Borrower shall pay amounts due under this Section 11.5 no later than fifteen days after the Borrower has received written demand therefor together with reasonably detailed supporting documentation, including invoices.   All obligations provided for in this Section 11.5 shall survive any termination of this Agreement.   106         Section 11.6.  Indemnification.  The Borrower agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Lenders (and their respective affiliates,  officers,  directors,  attorneys,  agents  and  employees)  from  and  against  any  and  all  liabilities,  obligations,  losses,  damages,  penalties,  actions,  judgments,  suits  and  documented reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including documented reasonable out-of-pocket attorneys’ fees) or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever that is incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with any investigative, administrative or judicial proceeding (whether or not such Lender or the Administrative Agent shall be designated a party thereto) or any other claim by any Person (or any other Credit Party) relating to or arising out of any Loan Document or any actual or proposed use of proceeds of the Loans or any of the Obligations, or any activities of any Company or its Affiliates (including in connection with any breach of Environmental Laws); provided that no Lender nor the Administrative Agent shall have the right to be indemnified under this Section 11.6 for its own (or its respective affiliates’, officers’, directors’, attorneys’, agents’ or employees’) bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct, as determined by a final and non‑appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction.  All obligations provided for in this Section 11.6 shall survive any termination of this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the obligations provided for in this Section 11.6 shall not apply with respect to any Taxes other than Taxes that represent losses, claims, damages, etc., arising from any non-Tax claim.  The Borrower shall pay amounts due under this Section 11.6 no later than fifteen days after the Borrower has received written demand therefor together with reasonably detailed supporting documentation, including invoices.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event will the Borrower be liable for the documented reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses of more than one firm of legal counsel for all indemnitees (plus one local counsel in each applicable local jurisdiction to the extent necessary) unless representation by one such firm would present actual or potential conflicts of interest, in 107     which case the Borrower will be liable for the documented reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses of one firm of legal counsel for each affected party. Section 11.7.  Obligations Several; No Fiduciary Obligations.  The obligations of the Lenders hereunder are several and not joint.  Nothing contained in this Agreement and no action taken by the Administrative Agent or the Lenders pursuant hereto shall be deemed to constitute the Administrative Agent or the Lenders a partnership, association, joint venture or other entity.  No default by any Lender hereunder shall excuse the other Lenders from any obligation under this Agreement; but, except for the reallocation set forth in Section 10.10 hereof, no Lender shall have or acquire any additional obligation of any kind by reason of such default.  The relationship between the Borrower and the Lenders with respect to the Loan Documents is and shall be solely  that  of  debtors  and  creditors,  respectively,  and  neither  the  Administrative  Agent  nor  any  Lender  shall  have  any  fiduciary  obligation  toward  any  Credit  Party  with  respect  to  any  such documents or the transactions contemplated thereby. Section 11.8.  Execution in Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different parties hereto in separate counterparts, and by facsimile or other electronic signature, each of which counterparts when so executed and delivered shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute but one and the same agreement. Section 11.9.  Successors and Assigns. (a) Successors and Assigns Generally.  The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that neither the Borrower nor any other Credit Party may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and each Lender, and no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder except (i) to an assignee in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this Section 11.9, (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of this Section 11.9, or (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security  interest  subject  to the restrictions  of subsection  (e) of this Section  11.9 (and any other attempted  assignment  or transfer  by any party hereto  shall be null and void).   Nothing  in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in subsection (d) of this Section 11.9 and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement. (b) Assignments by Lenders.  Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including, without limitation (i) such Lender’s Commitment, (ii) all Loans made by such Lender, (iii) such Lender’s Notes (if any), and (iv) such Lender’s interest in any Letter of Credit); provided that any such assignment shall be subject to the following conditions:   108               (i) Minimum Amounts.   no  minimum  amount  is  required  to  be  assigned  in  the  case  of  (x)  an  assignment  of  the  entire  remaining amount  of  the  assigning  Lender’s  Commitment  (to  the  extent  the  Commitment  is  still  in  effect)  and  the  Loans  at  the  time  owing  to  such  Lender, (y) contemporaneous assignments to related Approved Funds (determined after giving effect to such assignments) that equal at least the amount specified in subpart (b)(i)(B) of this Section 11.9 in the aggregate, or (z) in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund; and (A) in  any  case  not  described  in  subpart  (b)(i)(A)  of  this  Section  11.9,  the  aggregate  amount  of  each  such assignment (determined as of the date the Assignment Agreement with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent (or, if “Trade Date” is specified in the Assignment Agreement, as of the Trade Date)) shall not be less than Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000), unless each of the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower otherwise consents (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed). (B) Proportionate Amounts.  Each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement with respect to the Loans or the portion of such Lender’s Commitment assigned, except that this subpart (ii) shall not prohibit any Lender from assigning all or a portion of its rights and obligations with respect to separate facilities on a non-pro rata basis. (ii) 11.9 and, in addition: (iii) Required Consents.  No consent shall be required for any assignment except to the extent required by subsection (b)(i)(B) of this Section the  consent  of  the Borrower  (such  consent  not  to  be  unreasonably  withheld  or  delayed)  shall  be  required unless (1) a Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of such assignment, or (2) such assignment is to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund; provided that the Borrower shall be deemed to have consented to any such assignment unless it shall object thereto by written notice to the Administrative Agent within five Business Days after having received notice thereof; (A) required for assignments to a Person that is not a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund; and (B) the consent of the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be Commitment. (C) the  consent  of  the  Issuing  Lender  shall  be  required  for  any  assignment  in  respect  of  the  Revolving  Credit 109                   Assignment Agreement.  The parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment Agreement, together with a processing and recordation fee of Three Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($3,500); provided that the Administrative Agent may, in its sole discretion, elect to waive such processing and recordation fee in the case of any assignment.  The assignee, if it is not a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an administrative questionnaire in a form supplied by the Administrative Agent. (iv) Subsidiaries, or (B) to any Defaulting Lender or any Person that, upon becoming a Lender, would constitute a Defaulting Lender. (v) No  Assignment  to  Certain  Persons.    No  such  assignment  shall  be  made  to  (A)  the  Borrower  or  any  of  the  Borrower’s  Affiliates  or trust for, or owned and operated for the primary benefit of, a natural Person). (vi) No Assignment to Natural Persons.  No such assignment shall be made to a natural Person (or a holding company, investment vehicle or (vii) Certain Additional Payments.  In connection with any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder, no such assignment shall be effective unless and until, in addition to the other conditions thereto set forth herein, the parties to the assignment shall make such additional payments to the Administrative Agent in an aggregate amount sufficient, upon distribution thereof as appropriate (which may be outright payment, purchases by the assignee of participations or subparticipations,  or  other  compensating  actions,  including  funding,  with  the  consent  of  the  Borrower  and  the  Administrative  Agent,  the  applicable  pro  rata  share  of  Loans previously requested but not funded by the Defaulting Lender, to each of which the applicable assignee and assignor hereby irrevocably consent), to (A) pay and satisfy in full all payment liabilities then owed by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and each other Lender hereunder (and interest accrued thereon), and (B) acquire (and fund as appropriate) its full pro rata share of all Loans and participations in Letters of Credit in accordance with its Commitment Percentage.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder shall become effective under applicable Law without compliance with the provisions of this subpart (vii), then the assignee of such interest shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender for all purposes of this Agreement until such compliance occurs. (viii) Treatment  as  Lenders.    Subject  to  acceptance  and  recording  thereof  by  the  Administrative  Agent  pursuant  to  subsection  (c)  of  this Section 11.9, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment Agreement, the assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement, and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment Agreement, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned  by  such  Assignment  Agreement,  be  released  from  its  obligations  under  this  Agreement  (and,  in  the  case  of  an  Assignment  Agreement  covering  all  of  the  assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto) but shall 110           continue  to  be  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  Article  III  and  Sections  11.5  and  11.6  hereof  with  respect  to  facts  and  circumstances  occurring  prior  to  the  effective  date  of  such assignment;  provided  that, except  to the extent  otherwise  expressly  agreed in writing by the affected  parties,  no assignment  by a Defaulting  Lender  will constitute  a waiver  or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lender’s having been a Defaulting Lender.  Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this subpart shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with subsection (d) of this Section 11.9. (c) Register.  The Administrative Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at one of its offices a copy of each Assignment Agreement delivered to it and a register (the “Register”) for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitment of, and principal amounts (and stated interest) of the Loans owing to, each Lender from time to time.  The entries in the Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall treat each Person  whose  name  is recorded  in the  Register  pursuant  to the terms  hereof  as a Lender  hereunder  for all purposes  of this Agreement.   The  Register  shall  be available  for inspection  by the Borrower and any Lender at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice. (d) Participations.  Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, sell participations to any Person (other than a natural Person, or a holding company, investment vehicle or trust for, or owned and operated for the primary benefit of, a natural Person, or the Borrower or any of the Borrower’s Affiliates or Subsidiaries) (each, a “Participant”) in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents (including, without limitation, all or a portion of the Commitment and the Loans and participations owing to it and the Notes, if any, held by it); provided that (i) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall remain unchanged, (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations, and (iii) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Lenders shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement and each of the other Loan  Documents.    For  the  avoidance  of  doubt,  each  Lender  shall  be  responsible  for  the  indemnity  under  Section  10.10  with  respect  to  any  payments  made  by  such  Lender  to  any  of  its Participants. Any  agreement  or  instrument  pursuant  to  which  a  Lender  sells  such  a  participation  shall  provide  that  such  Lender  shall  retain  the  sole  right  to  enforce  this  Agreement  and  to  approve  any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, modification or waiver with respect to the following (to the extent that it affects such Participant): (i) any increase in the portion of the participation amount of any Participant  over  the  amount  thereof  then  in  effect,  or  any  extension  of  the  Commitment  Period;  or  (ii)  any  reduction  of  the  principal  amount  of  or  extension  of  the  time  for  any  payment  of principal on any Loan, or the reduction of the rate of interest or extension of the time for 111         payment  of  interest  on  any  Loan,  or  the  reduction  of  the  commitment  fee.    The  Borrower  agrees that  each  Participant  shall  be  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  Article  III  hereof  (subject  to  the requirements and limitations therein, including the requirements under Section 3.2(e) hereof (it being understood that the documentation required under Section 3.2(e) hereof shall be delivered to the participating Lender)) to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to subsection (b) of this Section 11.9; provided that such Participant (A) agrees to be subject to the provisions of Sections 3.4 and 3.6 hereof as if it were an assignee under subsection (b) of this Section 11.9; and (B) shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Article III hereof, with respect to any participation, than its participating Lender would have been entitled to receive, except to the extent such entitlement to receive a greater payment results from a Change in Law that occurs after the Participant acquired the applicable participation.  Each Lender that sells a participation agrees, at the Borrower’s request and expense, to use reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Borrower to effectuate the provisions of Section 3.6 hereof with respect to any Participant.  To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 9.4 hereof as though it were a Lender; provided that such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 9.5 hereof as though it were a Lender.  Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each Participant’s interest in the Loans or other obligations under the Loan Documents (the “Participant Register”); provided that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant’s interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Loan Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations.  The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as Administrative Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register. (e) Certain Pledges.  Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.   Section 11.10.  Defaulting Lenders. (a) Defaulting Lender Adjustments.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then, until such time as such Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, to the extent permitted by applicable Law: respect to this Agreement shall be (i) Waivers  and  Amendments.    Such  Defaulting  Lender’s  right  to  approve  or  disapprove  any  amendment,  waiver  or  consent  with 112           restricted as set forth in the definition of Required Lenders.  Any amendment, waiver or consent requiring the consent of all the Lenders or each affected Lender that by its terms effects any Defaulting Lender more adversely than the other affected Lenders shall require the consent of such Defaulting Lender. (ii) Defaulting Lender Waterfall.  Any payment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts received by the Administrative Agent for the account of such Defaulting Lender (whether voluntary or mandatory, at maturity, pursuant to Article IX hereof or otherwise) or received by the Administrative Agent from a Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 9.5 hereof shall be applied at such time or times as may be determined by the Administrative Agent as follows: (A) first, to the payment of amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent hereunder; (B) second, to the payment on a pro rata basis of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Issuing Lender hereunder; (C) third, to Cash Collateralize the Issuing Lender’s Fronting Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender in accordance with Section 2.11 hereof; (D) fourth, as the Borrower may request (so long as no Default or Event of Default exists), to the funding of any Loan or funded participation in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has failed to fund its portion thereof as required by this Agreement, as determined by the Administrative Agent; (E) fifth, if so determined by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, to be held in a deposit account and released pro rata in order to (1) satisfy such Defaulting Lender’s potential future funding obligations with respect to Loans  and  funded  participations  under  this  Agreement,  and  (2)  Cash  Collateralize  the  Issuing  Lender’s  future  Fronting  Exposure  with  respect  to  such  Defaulting  Lender  with respect  to future  Letters  of Credit  issued under this Agreement,  in accordance  with Section  2.11 hereof;  (F) sixth, to the payment  of any amounts owing to the Lenders or the Issuing Lender as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by any Lender or the Issuing Lender against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement; (G) seventh, so long as no Default or Event of Default exists, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Borrower as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by the Borrower against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement; and (H) eighth, to such Defaulting Lender or as otherwise directed by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided that, if (y) such payment is a payment of the principal amount of any Loans or funded participations in Letters of Credit in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has not fully funded its appropriate share,  and  (z)  such  Loans  were  made  or  reimbursement  of  any  payment  on  any  Letters  of  Credit  were  made  or  the  related  Letters  of  Credit  were  issued  at  a  time  when  the conditions set forth in Section 4.1 hereof were satisfied or waived, such payment shall be applied solely to pay the Loans of, and the funded participations in Letters of Credit owed to, all Non-Defaulting Lenders on a pro rata basis prior to being applied to the payment of any Loans of, or funded participations in Letters of Credit owed to, such Defaulting Lender until such time as all Loans and funded and unfunded participations in Letters of Credit are held by the Lenders pro rata in accordance with the Commitment under the applicable facility without giving effect to Section 11.10(a)(iv) hereof.  Any payments, prepayments or other amounts paid or payable to a Defaulting Lender that are applied (or held) to pay amounts owed by a Defaulting Lender or to post 113     Cash Collateral pursuant to this Section 11.10(a)(ii) hereof shall be deemed paid to and redirected by such Defaulting Lender, and each Lender irrevocably consents hereto. (iii) Certain Fees. No Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive any commitment fee pursuant to Section 2.8(a) hereof for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender (and the Borrower shall not be required to pay any such fee that otherwise would have been required to have been paid to that Defaulting Lender). (A) Each Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive letter of credit fees, as set forth in Section 2.2(b) hereof for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender only to the extent allocable to its Commitment Percentage of the stated amount of Letters of Credit for which it has provided Cash Collateral pursuant to Section 2.12 hereof. (B) With  respect  to  any  fee  not  required  to  be  paid  to  any  Defaulting  Lender  pursuant  to  subpart  (A)  or  (B) above, the Borrower shall (1) pay to each Non-Defaulting Lender that portion of any such fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender with respect to such Defaulting Lender’s participation in the Letter of Credit Exposure that has been reallocated to such Non-Defaulting Lender pursuant to subpart (iv) below, (2) pay to the Issuing Lender, as applicable, the amount of any such fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender to the extent allocable to the Issuing Lender’s Fronting Exposure to such Defaulting Lender, and (3) not be required to pay the remaining amount of any such fee. (C) (iv) Reallocation  of  Participations  to  Reduce  Fronting  Exposure.    All  or  any  part  of  such  Defaulting  Lender’s  participation  in  the  Letter  of Credit  Exposure  shall  be  reallocated  among  the  Non-Defaulting  Lenders  in  accordance  with  their  respective  Commitment  Percentages  with  respect  thereto  (calculated  without regard to such Defaulting Lender’s Commitment) but only to the extent that such reallocation does not cause the aggregate Revolving Credit Exposure of any Non-Defaulting Lender to exceed such Non-Defaulting Lender’s Commitment Percentage with respect to the Revolving Credit Commitment.  No reallocation hereunder shall constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder against a Defaulting Lender arising from that Lender having become a Defaulting Lender, including any claim of a Non-Defaulting Lender as a result of such Non-Defaulting Lender’s increased exposure following such reallocation. (b) Defaulting  Lender  Cure.    If  the  Borrower,  the  Administrative  Agent  and  the  Issuing  Lender  agree  in  writing  that  a  Lender  is  no  longer  a  Defaulting  Lender,  the Administrative Agent will so notify the parties hereto, whereupon as of the effective date specified in such notice and subject to any conditions set forth therein (which may include arrangements with respect to any Cash Collateral), such Lender will, to the extent applicable, purchase at par that portion of outstanding Loans of the other Lenders or take such other actions 114               as the Administrative Agent may determine to be reasonably necessary to cause the Loans and funded and unfunded participations in the Letters of Credit to be held pro rata by the Lenders in accordance with the Commitments under the applicable facility (without giving effect to Section 11.10(a)(iv) hereof), whereupon such Lender will cease to be a Defaulting Lender; provided that (i) no adjustments will be made retroactively with respect to fees accrued or payments made by or on behalf of the Borrower while that Lender was a Defaulting Lender, and (ii) except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no change hereunder from Defaulting Lender to Non-Defaulting Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lender’s having been a Defaulting Lender. (c) New Letters of Credit.  So long as any Lender is a Defaulting Lender, the Issuing Lender shall not be required to issue, extend, renew or increase any Letter of Credit unless it is satisfied that it will have no Fronting Exposure after giving effect thereto. (d) Replacement of Defaulting Lenders.  Each Lender agrees that, during the time in which any Lender is a Defaulting Lender, the Administrative Agent shall have the right (and the Administrative Agent shall, if requested by the Borrower), at the sole expense of the Borrower, upon notice to such Defaulting Lender and the Borrower, to require that such Defaulting Lender assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with the restrictions contained in Section 11.9 hereof), all of its interests, rights and obligations under this Agreement to an Eligible Assignee, approved by the Borrower (unless an Event of Default shall exist) and the Administrative Agent, that shall assume such obligations. Section 11.11.  Patriot Act Notice.  Each Lender, and the Administrative Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any other party), hereby notifies the Credit Parties that, pursuant to the requirements of the Patriot Act, such Lender and the Administrative Agent are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Credit Parties, which information includes the name and address of each of the Credit Parties and other information that will allow such Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, to identify the Credit Parties in accordance with the Patriot Act.  The Borrower shall provide, to the extent commercially reasonable, such information and take such actions as are reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or a Lender in order to assist the Administrative Agent or such Lender in maintaining compliance with the Patriot Act. Section 11.12.  Severability of Provisions; Captions; Attachments.  Any provision of this Agreement that shall be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof or affecting the validity or enforceability of such provision in any other jurisdiction.   The several captions to sections and subsections herein are inserted for convenience  only and shall be ignored in interpreting  the provisions of this Agreement.   Each schedule or exhibit attached to this Agreement shall be incorporated herein and shall be deemed to be a part hereof. Section 11.13.  Investment Purpose.  Each of the Lenders represents and warrants to the Borrower that such Lender is entering into this Agreement with the present intention of acquiring any Note issued pursuant hereto (or, if there is no Note, the interest as reflected on the books and 115             records of the Administrative Agent) for investment purposes only and not for the purpose of distribution or resale, it being understood, however, that each Lender shall at all times retain full control over the disposition of its assets. Section 11.14.  Entire Agreement.  This Agreement, any Note and any other Loan Document or other agreement, document or instrument attached hereto or executed on or as of the Closing Date integrate all of the terms and conditions mentioned herein or incidental hereto and supersede all oral representations and negotiations and prior writings with respect to the subject matter hereof (except with respect to any provisions of the Administrative Agent Fee Letter or any commitment letter and fee letter between the Borrower and KeyBank that by their terms survive the termination of such agreements, in each case, which shall remain in full force and effect after the Closing Date). Section 11.15.  Confidentiality.  The Administrative Agent and each Lender shall hold (and shall cause their affiliates and Participants to hold) all Confidential Information in accordance with the customary procedures of the Administrative Agent or such Lender for handling confidential information of this nature, and in accordance with safe and sound banking and/or other applicable practices.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrative Agent or any Lender may in any event make disclosures of, and furnish copies of Confidential Information (a) to another agent under this Agreement or another Lender; (b) when reasonably required by any bona fide transferee or participant in connection with the contemplated  transfer of any Loans or Commitment or participation therein (provided that each such prospective transferee or participant shall have executed and delivered an agreement for the benefit of the Borrower with such prospective  transferor  Lender  or  participant  containing  substantially  similar  provisions  to  those  contained  in  this  Section  11.15);  (c)  to  the  parent  corporation  or  other  affiliates  of  the Administrative Agent or such Lender, and to their respective auditors, accountants and attorneys who are bound by confidential obligations at least as strict as those contained in this Section 11.15 or that are otherwise legally required to keep Confidential Information confidential in a manner consistent with this Section 11.15; and (d) as required or requested by any Governmental Authority  or representative  thereof,  or pursuant to  legal  process, provided,  that,  unless specifically prohibited  by applicable  Law  or court  order,  the  Administrative Agent  or  such Lender,  as applicable, shall notify the chief financial officer of the Borrower of any request by any Governmental Authority or representative thereof (other than any such request in connection with an examination of the financial condition of the Administrative Agent or such Lender by such Governmental Authority), and of any other request pursuant to legal process, for disclosure of any such non-public information prior to disclosure of such Confidential Information.  In no event shall the Administrative Agent or any Lender be obligated or required to return any materials furnished by or on behalf of any Company.  The Borrower hereby agrees that the failure of the Administrative Agent or any Lender to comply with the provisions of this Section 11.15 shall not relieve the Borrower of any of the obligations to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.   Section 11.16.  Limitations on Liability of the Issuing Lender.  The Borrower assumes all risks of the acts or omissions of any beneficiary or transferee of any Letter of Credit with respect to its use of such Letters of Credit.  Neither the Issuing Lender nor any of its officers or directors 116         shall be liable or responsible for (a) the use that may be made of any Letter of Credit or any acts or omissions of any beneficiary or transferee in connection therewith; (b) the validity, sufficiency or genuineness of documents,  or of any endorsement thereon, even if such documents should prove to be in any or all respects invalid, insufficient,  fraudulent  or forged; (c) payment by  the Issuing Lender against presentation of documents that do not comply with the terms of a Letter of Credit, including failure of any documents to bear any reference or adequate reference to such Letter of Credit; or (d) any other circumstances whatsoever in making or failing to make payment under any Letter of Credit, except that the account party on such Letter of Credit shall have a claim against the Issuing Lender, and the Issuing Lender shall be liable to such account party, to the extent of any direct, but not consequential, damages suffered by such account party that such account  party  proves  were  caused  by  (i)  the  Issuing Lender’s  bad  faith,  willful  misconduct  or  gross  negligence  (as  determined  by  a  final  judgment  of  a  court  of  competent  jurisdiction)  in determining whether documents presented under a Letter of Credit comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit, or (ii) the Issuing Lender’s willful failure to make lawful payment under any Letter of Credit after the presentation to it of documentation strictly complying with the terms and conditions of such Letter of Credit.  In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, the Issuing Lender may accept documents that appear on their face to be in order, without responsibility for further investigation. Section 11.17.  General Limitation of Liability.  No claim may be made by or against any party hereto or the affiliates, directors, officers, employees, attorneys or agents of any of them  for  any  damages  other  than  actual  compensatory  damages  in  respect  of  any  claim  for  breach  of  contract  or  any  other  theory  of  liability  arising  out  of  or  related  to  the  transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, or any act, omission or event occurring in connection therewith; the parties hereto, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable Law, waive, release and agree not to sue or counterclaim upon any such claim for any special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages, whether or not accrued and whether or not known or suspected to exist in their favor and regardless of whether advised of the likelihood of such loss of damage. Section  11.18.    No Duty.    All  attorneys,  accountants,  appraisers,  consultants  and  other  professional  persons  (including  the  firms  or  other  entities  on  behalf  of  which  any  such Person may act) retained by the Administrative Agent or any Lender with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Loan Documents shall have the right to act exclusively in the interest of the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, and shall have no duty of disclosure, duty of loyalty, duty of care, or other duty or obligation of any type or nature whatsoever to the Borrower, any other Companies, or any other Person, with respect to any matters within the scope of such representation or related to their activities in connection with such representation, in each  case  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  any  conflict  waiver(s)  provided  by  any  Company.    The  Borrower  agrees,  on  behalf  of  itself  and  its  Subsidiaries,  not  to  assert  any  claim  or counterclaim against any such persons with regard to such matters, all such claims and counterclaims, now existing or hereafter arising, whether known or unknown, foreseen or unforeseeable, being hereby waived, released and forever discharged so long as such persons have complied with all the terms and conditions of any conflict waiver(s) provided by any Company. 117         Section  11.19.    Legal  Representation  of  Parties.    The  Loan  Documents  were  negotiated  by  the  parties  with  the  benefit  of  legal  representation  and  any  rule  of  construction  or interpretation otherwise requiring this Agreement or any other Loan Document to be construed or interpreted against any party shall not apply to any construction or interpretation hereof or thereof. Section 11.20.  Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Loan Document or in any other agreement, arrangement or understanding among any such parties, each party hereto acknowledges that any liability of any Affected Financial Institution arising under any Loan Document, to the extent such liability is unsecured, may be subject to the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of the applicable Resolution Authority and agrees and consents to, and acknowledges and agrees to be bound by: (a) the application of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority to any such liabilities arising hereunder that may be payable to it by any party hereto that is an Affected Financial Institution; and (b) the effects of any Bail-in Action on any such liability, including, if applicable: (i) a reduction in full or in part or cancellation of any such liability; (ii) a  conversion  of  all,  or  a  portion  of,  such  liability  into  shares  or  other  instruments  of  ownership  in  such  Affected  Financial  Institution,  its  parent undertaking, or a bridge institution that may be issued to it or otherwise conferred on it, and that such shares or other instruments of ownership will be accepted by it in lieu of any rights with respect to any such liability under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; or (iii) the  variation  of  the  terms  of  such  liability  in  connection  with  the  exercise  of  the  Write-Down  and  Conversion  Powers  of  the  applicable  Resolution Authority. Section 11.21.  Certain ERISA Matters   (a)  Each Lender (x) represents and warrants, as of the date such Person became a Lender party hereto, to, and (y) covenants, from the date such Person became a Lender party hereto to the date such Person ceases being a Lender party hereto, for the benefit of, the Administrative Agent and not, for the avoidance of doubt, to or for the benefit of the Borrower or any other Credit Party, that at least one of the following is and will be true: (i) such Lender is not using “plan assets” (within the meaning of Section 3(42) of ERISA or otherwise) of one or more Benefit Plans with respect to such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments or this Agreement, (ii) the  transaction  exemption  set  forth  in  one  or  more  PTEs,  such  as  PTE  84-14  (a  class  exemption  for  certain  transactions  determined  by  independent qualified professional asset managers), PTE 95-60 (a class exemption for certain transactions 118                 involving insurance company general accounts), PTE 90-1 (a class exemption for certain transactions involving insurance company pooled separate accounts), PTE 91-38 (a class exemption for certain transactions involving bank collective investment funds) or PTE 96-23 (a class exemption for certain transactions determined by in-house asset managers), is applicable  with  respect  to  such  Lender’s  entrance  into,  participation  in,  administration  of  and  performance  of  the  Loans,  the  Letters  of  Credit,  the  Commitments  and  this Agreement, (iii) (A) such Lender is an investment fund managed by a “Qualified Professional Asset Manager” (within the meaning of Part VI of PTE 84-14), (B) such Qualified Professional Asset Manager made the investment decision on behalf of such Lender to enter into, participate in, administer and perform the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement, (C) the entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement satisfies the requirements of sub-sections (b) through (g) of Part I of PTE 8414 and (D) to the best knowledge of such Lender, the requirements of subsection (a) of Part I of PTE 84-14 are satisfied with respect to such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement, or (iv) such other representation, warranty and covenant as may be agreed in writing between the Administrative Agent, in its sole discretion, and such Lender. (b) In addition, unless either (1) sub-clause (i) in the immediately preceding clause (a) is true with respect to a Lender or (2) a Lender has provided another representation, warranty and covenant in accordance with sub-clause (iv) in the immediately preceding clause (a), such Lender further (x) represents and warrants, as of the date such Person became a Lender party hereto, to, and (y) covenants, from the date such Person became a Lender party hereto to the date such Person ceases being a Lender party hereto, for the benefit of, the Administrative Agent and not, for the avoidance of doubt, to or for the benefit of the Borrower or any other Credit Party, that the Administrative Agent is not a fiduciary with respect to the assets of such Lender involved in such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement (including in connection with the reservation or exercise of any rights by the Administrative Agent under this Agreement, any Loan Document or any documents related hereto or thereto). Section  11.22.    Acknowledgement  Regarding  Any  Supported  QFCs.    To  the  extent  that  the  Loan  Documents  provide  support,  through  a  guarantee  or  otherwise,  for  Hedge Agreements or any other agreement or instrument that is a QFC (such support, “QFC Credit Support” and each such QFC a “Supported QFC”), the parties acknowledge and agree as follows with respect  to  the  resolution  power  of  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Corporation  under  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Act  and  Title  II  of  the  Dodd-Frank  Wall  Street  Reform  and  Consumer Protection Act (together with the regulations promulgated thereunder, the “U.S. Special Resolution Regimes”) in respect of such Supported QFC and QFC Credit Support (with the provisions below applicable notwithstanding that the Loan Documents and any Supported QFC may in fact be stated to be governed by the laws of the State of New York and/or of the United States or any other state of the United States): 119       (a) In the event a Covered Entity that is party to a Supported QFC (each, a “Covered Party”) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer of such Supported QFC and the benefit of such QFC Credit Support (and any interest and obligation in or under such Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support, and any rights in property securing such Supported QFC or such QFC Credit Support) from such Covered Party will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support (and any such interest, obligation and rights in property) were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. In the event a Covered Party or a BHC Act Affiliate of a Covered Party becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under the Loan Documents that might otherwise apply to such Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support that may be exercised against  such  Covered  Party  are  permitted  to  be  exercised  to  no  greater  extent  than  such  Default  Rights  could  be  exercised  under  the  U.S.  Special  Resolution  Regime  if  the Supported QFC and the Loan Documents were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. Without limitation of the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that rights and remedies of the parties with respect to a Defaulting Lender shall in no event affect the rights of any Covered Party with respect to a Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support. Section 11.23.  Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction.   (a) Governing Law.  This Agreement and each of the Notes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York and the respective rights and obligations of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, and the Lenders shall be governed by New York law. (b) Submission  to Jurisdiction.    The  Borrower  hereby  irrevocably  submits  to  the  non‑exclusive  jurisdiction  of  any  New  York  state  or  federal  court  sitting  in  New  York County, New York, over any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement and the Obligations and the Borrower hereby irrevocably agrees that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York state or federal court.  The Borrower, on behalf of itself and its Subsidiaries, hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, any objection it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue in any action or proceeding in any such court as well as any right it may now or hereafter have to remove such action or proceeding, once commenced, to another court on the grounds of FORUM NON CONVENIENS or otherwise.  The Borrower agrees that a final, non-appealable judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by Law. 4832-8786-2211.13 [Remainder of page left intentionally blank] 120                   JURY TRIAL WAIVER.  TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE BORROWER, THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND EACH LENDER WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO  HAVE  A  JURY  PARTICIPATE  IN  RESOLVING  ANY  DISPUTE,  WHETHER  SOUNDING  IN  CONTRACT,  TORT  OR  OTHERWISE,  AMONG  THE  BORROWER,  THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND THE LENDERS, OR ANY THEREOF, ARISING OUT OF, IN CONNECTION WITH, RELATED TO, OR INCIDENTAL TO THE RELATIONSHIP ESTABLISHED  AMONG  THEM  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  THIS  AGREEMENT  OR  ANY  NOTE  OR  OTHER  INSTRUMENT,  DOCUMENT  OR  AGREEMENT  EXECUTED  OR DELIVERED IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR THE TRANSACTIONS RELATED THERETO. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Credit and Security Agreement as of the date first set forth above. Address:525 Almanor Avenue, Suite 200 Sunnyvale, California 94085 Attention:  Ravi Narula Address:127 Public Square Cleveland, Ohio  44114-1306 Attention:  Institutional Bank OOMA, INC. By: /s/ Ravi Narula Ravi Narula Chief Financial Officer KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION    as the Administrative Agent, the Issuing    Lender and as a Lender By: /s/ Thomas A. Crandell Thomas A. Crandell Senior Vice President Signature Page to Credit and Security Agreement                         Name Talkatone, LLC Ooma International Operations, LLC Ooma International Ltd. Ooma Australia Pty Ltd. Voxter Communications, Inc. Broadsmart Global, Inc. Ooma Canada, Inc. Ooma Ireland Limited List of Subsidiaries Jurisdiction of Incorporation Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Australia British Columbia, Canada Florida British Columbia, Canada Ireland Exhibit 21.1                                             We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-237662, 333-230693, 333-224086, 333-217254, 333-210717, and 333-205719 on Form S-8 of our reports dated April 7, 2021, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Ooma, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2021. CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Exhibit 23.1 /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Jose, California April 7, 2021             CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.1 I, Eric B. Stang, certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Ooma, Inc. for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) (b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: April 7, 2021 By: /s/ Eric B. Stang Eric B. Stang Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)                                           CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.2 I, Ravi Narula, certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Ooma, Inc. for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) (b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: April 7, 2021 By: /s/ Ravi Narula Ravi Narula Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)                                   CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 I, Eric B. Stang, certify pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Ooma, Inc. for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and that the information contained in such Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of Ooma, Inc. Date: April 7, 2021   By:   /s/ Eric B. Stang Eric B. Stang Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)                                   CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 I, Ravi Narula, certify pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Ooma, Inc. for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and that the information contained in such Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of Ooma, Inc. Date: April 7, 2021   By:   /s/ Ravi Narula Ravi Narula Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)                                   

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