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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-35992
Oracle Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
500 Oracle Parkway
Redwood City, California
(Address of principal executive offices)
54-2185193
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
94065
(Zip Code)
(650) 506-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
2.25% senior notes due January 2021
3.125% senior notes due July 2025
Name of each exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES x
NO ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES ¨
NO x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the
past 90 days. YES x
NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES x
NO ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be
contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the
definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer ¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Accelerated filer ¨
Smaller reporting company ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨
NO x
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $118,269,080,000 based on the number of shares held by non-affiliates
of the registrant as of May 31, 2016, and based on the closing sale price of common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange on November 30, 2015,
which is the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. This calculation does not reflect a determination that persons are
affiliates for any other purposes.
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 15, 2016: 4,122,730,000.
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2016 annual stockholders’ meeting are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K where indicated.
Table of Contents
PART I.
Item 1.
Business
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
ORACLE CORPORATION
FISCAL YEAR 2016
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Item 9.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Item 9B.
Other Information
PART III.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
PART IV.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Signatures
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36
36
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Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements
For purposes of this Annual Report, the terms “Oracle,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Oracle Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. This Annual Report on
Form 10-K contains statements that are not historical in nature, are predictive in nature, or that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or otherwise
contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. These include, among other things, statements regarding:
• our expectation that we will continue to acquire companies, products, services and technologies to further our corporate strategy;
• our belief that our acquisitions should allow us to grow and continue to make investments in research and development;
• our expectation that the total revenues of our cloud and on-premise software business generally will continue to increase due to continued demand for our
software products, expected growth in our cloud and software license updates and product support offerings, and contributions from acquisitions;
• our expectation that we will continue to place significant strategic emphasis on growing our cloud software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service
(PaaS) business, which will affect the growth of our cloud SaaS and PaaS revenues and our new software license revenues and the related expenses;
• our intention that we will renew our cloud SaaS and PaaS contracts when they are eligible for renewal;
• our belief that software license updates and product support revenues and margins will grow;
• our belief that our PaaS offerings are a large opportunity for us to expand our cloud and on-premise software business;
• our expectation that our hardware business will have lower operating margins as a percentage of revenues than our cloud and on-premise software
business;
• our expectation that we will continue to make significant investments in research and development and related product opportunities, including those
related to hardware products and services, and our belief that research and development efforts are essential to maintaining our competitive position;
• our international operations providing a significant portion of our total revenues and expenses;
• continued realization of gains or losses with respect to our foreign currency exposures;
• the sufficiency of our sources of funding for working capital, capital expenditures, contractual obligations, acquisitions, dividends, stock repurchases, debt
repayments and other matters;
• our expectation that we will continue paying comparable cash dividends on a quarterly basis;
• our belief that we have adequately provided under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for outcomes related to our tax audits and that the final
outcome of our tax-related examinations, agreements or judicial proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations, our assumptions
regarding the potential U.S. income tax liability associated with any repatriation of our undistributed earnings held by our foreign subsidiaries, and our
belief that our net deferred tax assets will be realized in the foreseeable future;
• our estimates and current intentions regarding potential future goodwill impairment losses, if any;
• our belief that the outcome of certain legal proceedings and claims to which we are a party will not, individually or in the aggregate, result in losses that
are materially in excess of amounts already recognized, if any;
• the timing and amount of our stock repurchases;
• our expectation that seasonal trends will continue in the future;
• our expectations regarding the impact of recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements;
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• our expectation that to the extent customers renew support contracts or cloud SaaS and PaaS contracts from companies that we have acquired, we will
recognize revenues for the full contracts’ values over the respective renewal periods;
• our ability to predict quarterly hardware revenues;
• the timing of customer orders and delays in our ability to manufacture or deliver a few large transactions substantially affecting the amount of hardware
products revenues, expenses and operating margins that we will report;
as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects, and business strategies. Forward-looking statements may be preceded
by, followed by or include the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “strives,” “estimates,” “will,” “should,” “is designed to” and
similar expressions. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for
all forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-
looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about our business that could affect our future results and could cause those results or other
outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include,
but are not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report and as may be updated in filings we make from time to time with
the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q to be filed by us in our fiscal year 2017, which runs from June 1,
2016 to May 31, 2017.
We have no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or risks, except to the
extent required by applicable securities laws. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional
updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. New information, future events or risks could cause the forward-looking events we discuss in
this Annual Report not to occur. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our expectations only as of the date of this
Annual Report.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Oracle Corporation provides products and services that address all aspects of corporate information technology (IT) environments—application, platform and
infrastructure. Our Oracle Cloud offerings provide a comprehensive and fully integrated stack of application, platform, compute and storage services in all three
primary layers of the cloud: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Our on-premise offerings include
Oracle database and middleware software, application software, hardware (Oracle Engineered Systems, servers, storage, networking and industry-specific
products), and related support and services. We provide our cloud and on-premise offerings to over 400,000 worldwide customers via deployment models that best
suit their needs.
Our comprehensive and fully integrated stack of SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings integrate the software, hardware and services on the customers’ behalf in IT
environments that we deploy, support and manage for the customer. Our integrated Oracle Cloud offerings are designed to be rapidly deployable to enable
customers shorter time to innovation; easily maintainable to reduce integration and testing work; connectable among differing deployment models to enable
interchangeability and extendibility between cloud and on-premise IT environments; compatible to easily move workloads between on-premise IT environments
and the Oracle Cloud; cost-effective by requiring lower upfront customer investment; and secure, standards-based and reliable. We are a leader in the core
technologies of cloud IT environments, including database and middleware software as well as enterprise applications, virtualization, clustering, large-scale
systems management and related infrastructure. Our products and services are the building blocks of our Oracle Cloud services, our partners’ cloud services and
our customers’ cloud IT environments.
In addition to providing a broad spectrum of cloud offerings, we develop and sell our products and services to our customers worldwide for use in their global data
centers and on-premise IT environments. An important element of our corporate strategy is to continue our investments in, and innovation with respect to, our
products and services that we offer through our cloud and on-premise software, hardware and services businesses. In fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, we invested $5.8
billion, $5.5 billion and $5.2 billion, respectively, in research and development to enhance our existing portfolio of offerings and products and to develop new
technologies and services. We have a deep understanding as to how all components within IT environments—application, platform and infrastructure—interact and
function with one another. We focus our development efforts on improving the performance, security, operation and integration of these differing technologies to
make them more cost-effective and easier to deploy, manage and maintain for our customers and to improve their computing performance relative to our
competitors. After the initial purchase of Oracle products and services, our customers can continue to take advantage of our research and development investments
and deep IT expertise by purchasing and renewing Oracle support offerings, which may include product enhancements that we periodically deliver to our Oracle E-
Business Suite, Siebel, PeopleSoft and JD Edwards application software products, among others, or by renewing their SaaS, PaaS and IaaS contracts with us.
As customers deploy with the Oracle Cloud, many are adopting a hybrid IT model whereby certain of their IT resources are deployed and managed through the
Oracle Cloud, while other of their IT resources are deployed and managed on-premise, and both sets of resources can be managed as one. Our recently introduced
Oracle Cloud at Customer provides an additional deployment model that customers may opt for and utilizes the Oracle Cloud Machine to bring certain Oracle
Cloud PaaS and IaaS offerings to a customer’s on-premise IT environment to meet data sovereignty, data residency, data protection and regulatory business policy
requirements, among others. We focus the engineering of our products and services to best connect different deployment models to enable flexibility, ease, agility,
compatibility, extensibility and seamlessness.
A selective and active acquisition program is another important element of our corporate strategy. We believe our acquisitions enhance the products and services
that we can offer to customers, expand our customer base, provide greater scale to accelerate innovation, grow our revenues and earnings, and increase stockholder
value. In recent years, we have invested billions of dollars to acquire a number of companies, products, services and technologies that add to, are complementary to,
or have otherwise enhanced our existing offerings. We expect to continue to acquire companies, products, services and technologies to further our corporate
strategy.
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We have three businesses that deliver our application, platform and infrastructure technologies: cloud and on-premise software, hardware and services. These
businesses can be further divided into certain operating segments (Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included elsewhere in this Annual
Report, provides additional information related to our operating segments):
• our cloud and on-premise software business is comprised of three operating segments: (1) cloud software and on-premise software, which includes our
SaaS and PaaS offerings, (2) cloud infrastructure as a service and (3) software license updates and product support. Our cloud and on-premise software
business represented 78%, 77% and 76% of our total revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively;
• our hardware business is comprised of two operating segments: (1) hardware products and (2) hardware support. Our hardware business represented 13%
of our total revenues in fiscal 2016, and 14% of our total revenues in each of fiscal 2015 and 2014; and
• our services business is comprised of the remainder of our operating segments and offers consulting services, enhanced support services and education
services. Our services business represented 9% of our total revenues in each of fiscal 2016 and 2015, and 10% of our total revenues in fiscal 2014.
Oracle Corporation was incorporated in 2005 as a Delaware corporation and is the successor to operations originally begun in June 1977.
Application, Platform and Infrastructure Technologies
Oracle’s comprehensive portfolio of application, platform and infrastructure technologies address an organization’s business, infrastructure and development IT
requirements. Our applications, platform and infrastructure technologies are based upon industry standards and are designed to be enterprise-grade, reliable,
scalable and secure. We offer these technologies through our cloud and on-premise software, hardware and services businesses and deliver them through flexible
and interoperable deployment models that enable customer choice and best meet customer IT needs.
Application and Platform Technologies
Our application and platform technologies consist of comprehensive on-premise and cloud software offerings including our SaaS and PaaS offerings, Oracle
Applications, Oracle Database, Oracle Fusion Middleware and Java, among others, and related support.
Our application and platform technologies are substantially built on standards-based architectures that are designed to help customers reduce the cost and
complexity of their IT infrastructure. Our commitment to industry standards results in software that works in customer environments with Oracle or non-Oracle
hardware or software components and that can be adapted to meet specific industry or business needs. This approach is designed to support customer choice and
reduce customer risk. Our software offerings are substantially designed to operate on both single server and clustered server configurations for cloud or on-premise
IT environments, and to support a choice of operating systems including Oracle Solaris, Oracle Linux, Microsoft Windows and third-party UNIX products, among
others.
Our application and platform technologies are marketed, sold and delivered through our cloud and on-premise software business, which includes our cloud software
and on-premise software segment and software license updates and product support segment, among others. Cloud software and on-premise software revenues
represented 25%, 26% and 28% of our total revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Software license updates and product support revenues
represented 51%, 49% and 47% of our total revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Application Technologies
Our application technologies are available through subscription to our Oracle Cloud SaaS offerings or by the purchase of an on-premise software license.
Regardless of the deployment model selected, our application technologies are designed to reduce the risk, cost and complexity of our customers’ IT
infrastructures, while supporting customer choice with flexible deployment models that readily enable agility, compatibility and extendibility.
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Our application technologies are generally designed using an industry standards-based architecture to manage and automate core business functions across the
enterprise, as well as to help customers differentiate and innovate in those processes unique to their industries or organizations. In addition to applications that are
deployable to meet a number of business automation requirements across a broad range of industries, we also offer industry-specific applications through a focused
strategy of investments in internal development and strategic acquisitions. Our industry-specific applications provide solutions to customers in the communications,
engineering and construction, financial services, healthcare, hospitality and retail, manufacturing, public and utilities sectors, among others. Our ability to offer
applications to address industry-specific complex processes provides us an opportunity to expand our customers’ knowledge of our broader product offerings and
address customer-specific technology challenges.
Oracle Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
Our broad spectrum of SaaS offerings provides customers a choice of software applications that are delivered via a cloud-based IT environment that we host,
manage and support. Our SaaS offerings are built upon open industry standards such as SQL, Java and HTML5 for easier application accessibility, integration and
development. Our SaaS offerings include a broad suite of modular, next-generation cloud software applications that span core business functions including human
capital management (HCM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer experience (CX), and supply chain management (SCM), among others. We also offer a
number of cloud-based industry solutions to address specific customer needs within certain industries.
We believe the comprehensiveness and breadth of our SaaS offerings provide greater benefit to our customers and differentiate us from many of our competitors
that offer more limited or specialized cloud-based applications. Our SaaS offerings are designed to be interoperable with one another, thereby limiting the
integration and tuning of multiple cloud applications from multiple vendors. Our SaaS offerings are designed to deliver secure data isolation and flexible upgrades,
self-service access controls for users, a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) for integration with on-premise systems, built-in social, mobile and business insight
capabilities, and a high performance, high availability infrastructure based on our infrastructure technologies including Oracle Engineered Systems. These SaaS
capabilities are designed to simplify IT environments and enable customers to focus resources on business growth opportunities.
Oracle
Human
Capital
Management
Cloud
Oracle HCM cloud applications are designed to be complete and integrated to help organizations find, grow and retain the best talent, enable collaboration, provide
complete workforce insights, increase operational efficiency and enable people to connect from any device. Oracle HCM Cloud includes:
• Oracle Recruiting Cloud, which is designed to provide customers the ability to identify, source, recruit, screen and hire applicants efficiently and
collaboratively;
• Oracle HR Cloud, which is designed to provide organizations a complete view of their employee base and permit employees to manage their profiles and
collaborate with other employees;
• Oracle Compensation and Benefits Cloud, which is designed to provide organizations the tools to manage employee compensation, benefits, and payroll;
• Oracle Performance Management Cloud, which is designed to provide customers with the ability to set meaningful performance management goals and
capture feedback about employees to help them develop;
• Oracle Learning Cloud, which is designed to provide customers with the ability to create and deliver personalized learning content to multiple audiences
and track compliance; and
• Oracle Workforce Management Cloud, which allows customers to track, monitor and increase accuracy of time reporting and implement absence and
leave policies globally or locally.
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Oracle
Enterprise
Resource
Planning
Cloud
Oracle Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud is designed to be complete, global and integrated to help organizations of all sizes optimize their back office operations.
A single data and security model and common user interface across the ERP cloud application portfolio are designed to deliver better decision-making and
improved workforce productivity. Thousands of customers use our integrated suite of ERP cloud applications that include, among others:
• Oracle Enterprise Performance Management Cloud, which is designed to help organizations of any size deliver predictable performance, generate
accurate reporting and connect around consistent information, and includes Enterprise Planning Cloud, Account Reconciliation Cloud, and Enterprise
Performance Reporting Cloud offerings;
• Oracle Financials Cloud, a financial management solution that is designed to be comprehensive, integrated and highly scalable for global companies in a
wide variety of industries;
• Oracle Procurement Cloud, which is designed to streamline the source-to-pay process through automation and social collaboration to help organizations
manage the procurement process and control costs; and
• Oracle Project Management Cloud, which is designed to optimize the project management process by using a comprehensive set of modern application
tools including role-based analytics, social collaboration, costing and controls.
Oracle
Customer
Experience
Cloud
Oracle Customer Experience Cloud is designed to be complete and integrated to help organizations deliver consistent and personalized customer experiences across
all channels, touch points and interactions. Our CX cloud applications include, among others:
• Oracle Marketing Cloud, which is designed to personalize customer experiences on a consistent platform and to increase customer engagement, advocacy
and revenue generating possibilities using cross-channel, content and social marketing solutions with integrated data management and activation;
• Oracle Sales Cloud, which is designed to enable sales teams to engage with their customers earlier and to generate customer orders more frequently via a
platform that equips sales teams with processes, tools, resources and intelligence to leverage as a part of the sales cycle;
• Oracle Commerce Cloud, which is designed to enable secure customer transactions through almost any device, to be scalable and to support personalized
customer experiences through customer search, merchandising, promotions and content management capabilities;
• Oracle Configure, Price and Quote Cloud, which is designed to help sales teams, channels and ecommerce sites sell faster, more easily and more
accurately through almost any device;
• Oracle Service Cloud, which is designed to provide a unified web, social, and contact center platform that is used to understand customer needs, to
resolve customer problems and to ensure the delivery of accurate information to users; and
• Oracle Field Service Cloud, which is designed to manage the efficient scheduling, dispatch and routing of field service technicians and spare parts to
resolve problems and deliver customer service at customer sites.
Oracle
Supply
Chain
Management
Cloud
Our Oracle Supply Chain Management Cloud is designed to help organizations optimize their supply chains and innovate products quickly. Oracle Supply Chain
Management Cloud applications include:
• Oracle Product Lifecycle Management Cloud, which provides a unified platform designed to help customers rapidly innovate, develop and commercialize
profitable products;
• Oracle Supply Chain Planning Cloud, which is designed to allow customers to interactively balance demand and supply to improve supply chain
responsiveness and optimize inventory;
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• Oracle Inventory Management Cloud, which is designed to provide visibility and management of material flows, warehouse work and product costs
across the supply chain;
• Oracle Order Management Cloud, which is designed to enable customer order management from order capture channels and to orchestrate the entire order
to cash process;
• Oracle Order Manufacturing Cloud, which is designed for customers to run manufacturing systems and streamline manufacturing processes; and
• Oracle Logistics Cloud, which is designed to enable management of all transportation modes within and across borders to reduce costs, increase
efficiency and ensure compliance.
Oracle
Cloud
Industry
Solutions
Oracle Cloud Industry Solutions are industry-specific SaaS applications that are designed to address the distinct requirements of the communications, financial
services, healthcare, hospitality and retail, manufacturing and utilities sectors, among others.
Oracle
Data
Cloud
Oracle Data Cloud is designed to enable organizations to leverage consumer data to inform and measure marketing strategies and programs. Oracle Data Cloud
includes Oracle Data as a Service (DaaS), which is an offering that provides a centralized way to source, manage and furnish external data to business users through
a cloud service for marketing and customer intelligence purposes.
Oracle Applications
We license Oracle Applications software for use in data centers and related on-premise IT environments to manage and automate core business functions across the
enterprise, including human capital and talent management; customer experience and customer relationship management; financial management and governance,
risk and compliance; procurement; project portfolio management; supply chain management; business analytics and enterprise performance management; and
industry-specific applications, among others. Our Oracle Applications software strategy is designed to provide customers with complete choice and a secure path to
benefit from the latest technological advances.
Our Oracle Applications Unlimited program is Oracle’s commitment to ongoing investment and innovation in our current application offerings including our
Oracle E-Business Suite, Siebel, PeopleSoft and JD Edwards application software products, among others. Since announcing the Oracle Applications Unlimited
program in 2005, we have delivered major releases of all application product lines by combining business functionality with innovative technologies, providing
customers with more adaptive industry processes, business intelligence and optimal end-user productivity.
Platform Technologies
Our comprehensive platform technologies include license and subscription-based database, middleware and development software offerings including Oracle
Database software, the world’s most popular enterprise database, and Java, the computer industry’s most widely-used software development language, among
others. Our platform technologies are designed to provide a cost-effective, standards-based, high-performance platform for running and managing business
applications for midsize businesses, as well as large, global enterprises. Our customers are increasingly focused on reducing the total cost of their IT infrastructure
and we believe that our platform technologies help them achieve this goal.
Our platform technologies are designed to accommodate demanding, non-stop business environments using clustered middleware and database servers and storage.
These clusters are designed to scale incrementally as required to address our customers’ IT capacity requirements, satisfy their planning and procurement needs,
support their business applications with a standardized platform architecture, reduce their risk of data loss and IT infrastructure downtime and efficiently utilize
available IT resources to meet quality of service expectations.
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Oracle Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Oracle Cloud Platform as a Service is designed to provide a broad suite of services to rapidly build and deploy applications—or extend Oracle Cloud SaaS
applications—using Oracle’s enterprise-grade platform technologies. Customers and partners can use our open, standards-based PaaS offerings that are based on
Java, Oracle Fusion Middleware, and our Oracle Database Cloud service, including tools for a variety of use cases across data management, application
development, enterprise integration, content sharing and collaboration, visual analysis reporting and IT operations management.
We believe our PaaS offerings are a large opportunity for us to expand our cloud and on-premise software business. We believe our customers increasingly
recognize the value of access to Oracle Database, Oracle Fusion Middleware and Java via a low cost, rapidly deployable, flexible and interoperable services model
that Oracle manages and maintains on their behalf. We believe that we can market and sell our PaaS offerings to our extensive installed base of database,
middleware, and applications customers, and reach a broader ecosystem of developers and partners. We also believe we can expand the market of our PaaS services
to small to medium-sized enterprises and non-IT lines of business purchasers.
Oracle
Data
Management
Cloud
Oracle Data Management Cloud is designed to provide a broad and integrated set of capabilities for building, deploying, and managing data-driven applications.
Our Oracle Data Management Cloud offerings include the following, among others:
• Oracle Database Cloud Service, which is designed to provide customers with access to the Oracle Database via a cloud computing IT model. It provides
customers with a choice of a dedicated database instance with direct network connections and full administrative control, or a dedicated schema with a
full development and deployment platform managed by Oracle. We also offer Oracle Exadata Cloud Service, which is a database cloud service that
combines the Oracle Database with the high performance and high availability of an Oracle Exadata Engineered System;
• Oracle Database Backup Cloud Service, which is designed as a secure, scalable, on-demand storage solution for backing up Oracle databases to an off-site
storage location within the Oracle Cloud;
• Oracle Big Data Cloud Service, which is a data management platform that is designed to run a variety of big data workloads and technologies while
simplifying operations and, when combined with Oracle Big Data SQL Cloud Service, enables organizations to analyze data across Hadoop, NoSQL and
Oracle SQL; and
• Oracle Big Data Preparation Cloud Service, which is designed to be an enterprise data processing and enrichment solution in the Oracle Cloud built
natively for Hadoop and Spark.
Oracle
Application
Development
Cloud
Oracle Application Development Cloud offerings are based upon an end-to-end Java EE framework and are designed to simplify application development by
providing out-of-the-box infrastructure services and visual and declarative development experiences. Our Oracle Application Development Cloud offerings include
the following, among others:
• Oracle Java Cloud Service, which is a platform and infrastructure cloud solution designed for building, deploying and managing Java EE applications
easily, rapidly and agilely;
• Oracle Developer Cloud Service, which is designed to be an easy-to-use, automatically provisioned enterprise development platform deployed in the
cloud that supports the complete software development lifecycle;
• Oracle Messaging Cloud Service, which is a cloud-based messaging service that is designed to enable reliable communication between software
components both in the Oracle Cloud and on-premise using standard interfaces;
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• Oracle Mobile Cloud Service, which is designed to assist developers in defining mobile application programming interfaces (APIs) and building mobile
applications that connect to enterprise systems quickly and securely;
• Oracle Application Builder Cloud Service, which is designed to enable the creation and hosting of business applications with a visual development
environment from a web browser that integrates with Oracle SaaS applications such as Oracle Sales Cloud; and
• Oracle Application Container Cloud, which is designed to enable the development of additional programming languages like Java SE and Node.JS within
the Oracle Cloud and provides additional lifecycle tools for continuous integration and deployment.
Oracle
Integration
Cloud
Oracle Integration Cloud is designed to provide organizations with a unified and comprehensive solution to integrate disparate cloud and on-premise applications.
Our Oracle Integration Cloud offerings include, among others:
• Oracle Integration Cloud Service, which is designed to simplify the connections of SaaS applications and on-premise systems using an intuitive user
interface;
• Oracle SOA Cloud Service, which is designed to provide an integration platform to enable organizations to develop and deploy APIs and integration
projects;
• Oracle API Catalog Cloud Service, which is a collection of machine-readable APIs from a collection of Oracle’s SaaS and PaaS applications that is
designed to facilitate integration between applications in the Oracle Cloud;
• Oracle Internet of Things (IoT) Cloud Service, which is designed to provide an end-to-end solution for developing IoT-based applications by connecting
existing sensors and devices to analytics engines in the Oracle Cloud; and
• Oracle GoldenGate Cloud Service, which is designed to be a real-time, high performance, scalable, and secure public cloud data integration and
replication solution.
Oracle
Content
and
Process
Cloud
Oracle Content and Process Cloud is designed to enable business users to easily collaborate, simplify business automation and communicate more effectively and
includes the following offerings, among others:
• Oracle Documents Cloud Service, which is an enterprise level, content collaboration solution that is designed to enable information to be accessed,
uploaded and shared via the Oracle Cloud;
• Oracle Sites Cloud Service, which is designed to enable the assembly of content, applications and processes to rapidly build and publish marketing and
community websites; and
• Oracle Process Cloud Service, which is designed to enable organizations to collaboratively model business processes, design forms, model decisions, and
implement and deploy a process application to automate business tasks that are typically repetitive and manual.
Oracle
Business
Analytics
Cloud
Oracle Business Analytics Cloud delivers business analytics across the entire enterprise and includes the following offerings, among others:
• Oracle Business Intelligence Cloud Service is a cloud-based, enterprise-class analytics platform for creating business intelligence applications that are
designed to convert data into business insight to optimize decision-making; and
• Oracle Data Visualization Cloud Service, which is designed to enable the exploration of data across multiple platforms and devices using self-service
discovery and visual analysis tools.
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Oracle
Management
Cloud
Oracle Management Cloud is a suite of integrated monitoring, management, and analytics cloud services that is designed to provide real-time analysis and technical
and business insights. Oracle Management Cloud includes the following offerings, among others:
• Oracle Application Performance Monitoring Cloud Service, which is designed to provide development and operations teams with information to find and
fix application issues including end user and application performance information (with associated application logs);
• Oracle IT Analytics Cloud Service, which is designed to provide insight into the performance, availability, and capacity of applications and infrastructure
to enable IT decision-making based on a complete set of analyses; and
• Oracle Log Analytics Cloud Service, which is designed to monitor, aggregate, index and analyze log data from applications and infrastructure and enable
users to search, explore, and correlate this data to troubleshoot problems faster, derive operational insight and make better decisions.
Oracle
Cloud
at
Customer
Oracle Cloud at Customer utilizes the Oracle Cloud Machine to bring certain Oracle Cloud PaaS and IaaS offerings to a customer’s on-premise IT environment on
a subscription basis. As an on-premise implementation of the Oracle Cloud, Oracle Cloud at Customer offerings are designed to enable customers to use certain
Oracle Cloud PaaS and IaaS offerings while meeting data sovereignty, data residency, data protection and regulatory business policy requirements, among others.
Oracle Database
We license to customers our Oracle Database software, which is designed to enable reliable and secure storage, retrieval and manipulation of all forms of data,
including: transactional data, business information and analytics; semi-structured and unstructured data in the form of weblogs, text, social media feeds, XML files,
office documents, images, video and spatial images; and other specialized forms of data, such as graph data. Oracle Database software is used for a variety of
purposes, including with packaged applications and custom applications for transaction processing, data warehousing and business intelligence and as a document
repository or specialized data store. Security continues to be a critical characteristic of the Oracle Database and the latest version includes a number of security
enhancements and new features including, among others, encryption of data in motion, conditional auditing, real application security, and transparent sensitive data
protection. All security capabilities available are compatible with the Oracle Multitenant architecture option, which enables customers to quickly and efficiently
address the unique security requirements of each of their database instances.
A number of optional add-on products are available with Oracle Database Enterprise Edition software to address specific customer requirements, including:
• a comprehensive portfolio of advanced defense, in-depth security solutions that safeguard data at the source including Oracle Advanced Security, Oracle
Database Vault and Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting, as well as detective security options including Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall.
Oracle Database security options are designed to ensure data privacy, protect against insider threats, and enable regulatory compliance for both Oracle and
non-Oracle databases;
• in the areas of cloud computing and consolidation, we offer the Oracle Multitenant software option that is designed to make it easier to consolidate
multiple databases quickly and manage them as a cloud service, which enables customers to easily consolidate multiple databases into one without
changing their applications. Our Oracle Multitenant architecture option offers the efficiency and cost savings of managing many databases at one time, yet
retains the isolation and resource prioritization of separate databases that is necessary for multitenant cloud services; and
• in the areas of performance and scalability, we offer Oracle Real Application Clusters, Oracle Database In-Memory, Oracle Advanced Compression and
Oracle Partitioning software options. Deploying the
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Oracle Database In-Memory option with virtually any existing Oracle Database compatible application requires no application changes as it is fully
integrated with Oracle Database’s scale-up, scale-out, storage tiering, availability and security technologies, which makes any Oracle in-memory database
enterprise-ready.
In addition to Oracle Database, we also offer a portfolio of specialized database software products to address particular customer requirements, including the
following:
• MySQL, the world’s most popular open source database, designed for high performance and scalability of web applications and embedded applications,
available in Enterprise, Standard, Classic, Cluster and Community editions;
• Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database, designed to deliver real-time data management and transaction processing speeds for performance-critical
applications. Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database can serve as a cache to accelerate Oracle Database and can work as a standalone database at the
application tier;
• Oracle Berkeley DB, a family of open source, embeddable, relational, XML and key-value (NoSQL) databases designed for developers to embed within
their applications and devices; and
• Oracle NoSQL Database, a distributed key-value database designed for high availability and massive scalability of high volume transaction processing
with predictable low-latency.
Big
Data
Oracle offers big data solutions to complement and extend its Oracle Database software offerings. Big data generally refers to a massive amount of unstructured,
streaming and structured data that is so large that it is difficult to process using traditional IT techniques. As businesses drive more of their critical operations and
information management through IT solutions, the volume of this data generated by businesses is increasing at unprecedented levels.
We believe most businesses view big data as a high-value source of business intelligence that can be used to gain new insights into customer behavior, anticipate
future demand more accurately, align workforce deployment with business activity forecasts and accelerate the pace of operations, among others. Oracle offers a
comprehensive portfolio of products and services to help enterprises capture, manage and analyze big data alongside an enterprise’s existing enterprise and
streaming data.
Oracle big data solutions for capturing unstructured, streaming and structured data complement existing Oracle Database environments and include Oracle NoSQL
Database and popular open source software such as the Hadoop File System. Oracle Data Integration and Oracle Big Data Connectors are designed to easily and
non-invasively integrate data from Hadoop file systems or Oracle NoSQL databases and Oracle databases to enable a data warehouse to further organize, analyze,
interpret, report on and act on information from these high volume data sources.
We offer Oracle Business Analytics products that are designed to leverage big data and enterprise data to enable organizations to analyze the data and discover new
ways to strategize, plan, optimize business operations and capture new market opportunities. Oracle Business Analytics products include data discovery software,
enterprise performance management and analytic application software, business intelligence software, and predictive analytics and self-learning decision
optimization software. The Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine, an Oracle Engineered System, is designed to run analytic environments at optimal performance
and scale, which is ideal for use with big data environments.
Oracle also offers certain of these big data capabilities via the Oracle Cloud, including, among others, Oracle Big Data Cloud Service, Oracle Big Data Discovery
Cloud Service, Oracle Big Data Appliance Cloud Service, Oracle Exadata Cloud Service, Oracle Data Visualization Cloud Service and Oracle GoldenGate Cloud
Service, which are designed to combine data integration, analytics and data management.
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Oracle Fusion Middleware
We license our Oracle Fusion Middleware software, which is a broad family of integrated application infrastructure software products. These products are designed
to form a reliable and scalable foundation on which customers can build, deploy, secure, access and integrate business applications and automate their business
processes. Built with our Java technology platform, Oracle Fusion Middleware products can be used as a foundation for custom, packaged and composite
applications—or applications that can be deployed in cloud environments including a set of capabilities that allow for better integration with the Oracle Cloud.
Oracle Fusion Middleware software is designed to protect customers’ IT investments and work with both Oracle and non-Oracle database, middleware and
application software through its open architecture and adherence to industry standards. Specifically, Oracle Fusion Middleware software is designed to enable
customers to integrate Oracle and non-Oracle business applications, automate business processes, scale applications to meet customer demand, simplify security
and compliance, manage lifecycles of documents and get actionable, targeted business intelligence; all while continuing to utilize their existing IT systems. In
addition, Oracle Fusion Middleware software supports multiple development languages and tools, which enables developers to build and deploy web services,
websites, portals and web-based applications.
Oracle Fusion Middleware software is available in various software products and suites, including the following:
• Oracle WebLogic Server and Oracle Cloud Application Foundation, designed to be the most complete, best-of-breed platform for developing cloud
applications;
• Oracle SOA Suite of software products, which are used to create, deploy and manage applications on an SOA;
• Oracle Data Integration software products, which are designed to enable pervasive and continuous access to timely and trusted data across heterogeneous
systems, including real-time and bulk data movement, transformation, bi-directional replication, data services and data quality for customer and product
domains;
• Oracle Business Process Management Suite software products, which are designed to enable businesses and IT professionals to design, implement,
automate and evolve business processes and workflows within and across organizations;
• Oracle WebCenter software products, a complete set of web experience management, portals, content management and social networks software, which
are designed to help people work together more efficiently through contextual collaboration tools that optimize connections between people, information
and applications and to ensure users have access to the right information in the context of the business process in which they are engaged;
• Oracle Business Intelligence Suite, a comprehensive set of analytic software products, which are designed to provide customers with the information they
need to make better business decisions;
• Oracle Identity Management software, which is designed to enable customers to manage internal and external users, to secure corporate information from
potential software threats and to streamline compliance initiatives while lowering the total cost of their security and compliance initiatives; and
• Development Tools for application development, database development and business intelligence, including Oracle JDeveloper, an integrated software
environment, which are designed to facilitate rapid development of applications using Oracle Fusion Middleware and popular open source technologies.
Mobile
Computing
Among its other middleware offerings, Oracle provides a wide range of software for mobile computing to address the development needs of businesses that are
increasingly focused on delivering mobile device applications to their customers. For example, Oracle Mobile Platform enables developers to build and extend
enterprise applications for popular mobile devices from a single code base. Oracle Mobile Platform supports access to native device services, enables offline
applications and is designed to protect enterprise investments from future technology shifts. Oracle Mobile Security offers comprehensive mobile identity and
application management for provisioning of trusted access. Oracle Business Intelligence Mobile provides business intelligence functionality, from interactive
dashboards to location intelligence, while enabling users to initiate business processes from a mobile device.
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Oracle also offers certain of these mobile development capabilities via the Oracle Cloud, including Oracle Mobile Cloud Service.
Java
Java is the computer industry’s most widely-used software development language and is viewed as a global standard. The Java programming language and platform
together represent one of the most popular and powerful development environments in the world, one that is used by millions of developers globally to develop
business applications. Oracle Fusion Middleware software products and certain of our Oracle Applications are built using our Java technology platform, which we
believe is a key advantage for our business. Customers may license the use of Java or access Java through Oracle Java Cloud Service.
Java is designed to enable developers to write software on a single platform and run it on many other different platforms, independent of operating system and
hardware architecture. Java has been adopted by both independent software vendors (ISV) that have built their products on Java and by enterprise organizations
building custom applications or consuming Java-based ISV products.
Software License Updates and Product Support
We seek to protect and enhance our customers’ current investments in Oracle application and platform technologies by offering proactive and personalized support
services, including Oracle Lifetime Support and product enhancements and upgrades. Software license updates provide on-premise new software license customers
with rights to unspecified product upgrades and maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period. Product support includes internet
and telephone access to technical support personnel located in our global support centers, as well as internet access to technical content through “My Oracle
Support.” Software license updates and product support contracts are generally priced as a percentage of the net new software license fees. Substantially all of our
customers purchase software license updates and product support contracts when they acquire on-premise new software licenses and renew their software license
updates and product support contracts annually.
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Our cloud infrastructure as a service segment, which is a part of our cloud and on-premise software business, represented 2% of total revenues in each of fiscal
2016 and 2015 and 1% of total revenues in fiscal 2014. Our cloud IaaS segment includes Oracle Cloud IaaS and Oracle Managed Cloud Services offerings.
Oracle Cloud IaaS is designed to deliver enterprise-grade, hosted and supported IT environments within the Oracle Cloud to perform elastic compute, storage and
networking services for enterprise workloads. Organizations can also deploy certain of these IaaS offerings locally at their data center through our Oracle Cloud at
Customer program. We continue to invest in IaaS technologies to simplify customer migration to the Oracle Cloud as well as to provide customers with flexibility
of running workloads on, and portability to shift workloads between, on-premise IT environments and the Oracle Cloud. Oracle Cloud IaaS offerings include,
among others:
• Oracle Compute Cloud Service, which is designed to allow organizations to quickly enable virtual compute environments and run them at scale on the
Oracle Cloud with predictable, consistent performance and network isolation;
• Oracle Storage Cloud Service, which is designed to be a secure and scalable object storage solution for storing and accessing data from any environment
connected to the internet; and
• Oracle Network Cloud Service, which offers site-to-site virtual private network secure extension and high bandwidth connection services.
Oracle Managed Cloud Services provide comprehensive software and hardware management and maintenance services for customer IT infrastructure for a fee for a
stated term that is hosted at our Oracle data center facilities, select partner data centers or physically on-premise at customer facilities.
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Infrastructure Technologies
Oracle infrastructure technologies consist of our hardware products including Oracle Engineered Systems, servers, storage, networking, industry-specific hardware,
virtualization software, operating systems, management software and related hardware services including support. These complement our Oracle Cloud IaaS
offerings described above.
Our infrastructure technologies help customers manage growing amounts of data and business requirements, meet increasing compliance and regulatory demands
and reduce energy, space and operational costs. Our infrastructure technologies support many of the world’s largest cloud and on-premise IT environments,
including the Oracle Cloud. Our infrastructure technologies are designed to seamlessly connect cloud and on-premise IT environments to further enable
interoperability, interchangeability and extendibility. We design our infrastructure technologies to work in customer environments that may include other Oracle or
non-Oracle hardware or software components. Our flexible and open approach provides Oracle customers with a broad range of choices in how they deploy our
infrastructure technologies, which we believe is a priority for our customers.
We focus the operation and integration of our infrastructure technologies to make them easier to deploy, manage and maintain for our customers and to improve
computing performance relative to our competitors’ offerings. For example, our Oracle Engineered Systems are designed to integrate multiple Oracle technology
components to work together to deliver improved performance, availability, security and operational efficiency relative to our competitors’ products. These same
Oracle technology components are tested together and supported together to streamline system deployment and maintenance cycles. We also engineer our hardware
products with virtualization and management capabilities to enable the rapid deployment and efficient management of cloud and on-premise IT infrastructures.
Our infrastructure technologies are substantially marketed, sold and delivered through our hardware business, which includes our hardware products segment and
hardware support segment. Our hardware products revenues represented 7% of our total revenues in fiscal 2016 and 8% of our total revenues in each of fiscal 2015
and 2014. Our hardware support revenues represented 6% of our total revenues in each of fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Oracle Engineered Systems
Oracle Engineered Systems are core to our hardware offerings and are important elements of our data center and cloud computing offerings including the Oracle
Cloud. These pre-integrated products are designed to integrate multiple Oracle technology components to work together to deliver improved performance,
availability, security and operational efficiency relative to our competitors’ products; to be upgraded effectively and efficiently; and to simplify maintenance cycles
by providing a single solution for software patching. Oracle Engineered Systems are tested before they are shipped to customers and delivered ready-to-run,
enabling customers to shorten deployment time to production. We offer certain of our Oracle Engineered Systems technologies through flexible deployment
options including as a cloud service and for on-premise IT environments. Oracle Engineered Systems include:
• Oracle Exadata Database Machine, a family of integrated software and hardware products that combines our database, storage and operating system
software with our server, storage and networking hardware and is designed to provide a high performance database system for online transaction
processing, database consolidation and data warehousing applications;
• Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, an engineered system that combines Oracle Fusion Middleware software with our server, storage and networking
hardware to run Java and non-Java applications and provide customers with an applications platform for cloud computing;
• Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine, a single server that is designed to be configured for in-memory analytics for business intelligence workloads;
• Oracle SuperCluster, a general purpose engineered system that combines the optimized database performance of Oracle Exadata storage and the
accelerated application performance on a SPARC/Solaris platform;
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• Oracle Private Cloud Appliance, an engineered system delivering converged infrastructure for virtualized environments that is designed to be simple to
use, rapidly deployable and capable of running almost any application built upon Linux, Microsoft Windows or Oracle Solaris operating systems;
• Oracle Database Appliance, which is designed to be a simple, reliable and cost-effective family of converged infrastructure solutions delivering an
optimized appliance for running Oracle Database;
• Oracle Big Data Appliance, a scalable, engineered system designed for acquiring, organizing and loading unstructured data into a Hadoop file system or
Oracle NoSQL Database and optionally integrating that data with Oracle Databases. The key components of a big data platform are integrated into the
Oracle Big Data Appliance to reduce deployment, integration and management risks in comparison to custom-built solutions; and
• Oracle Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, an engineered system that is integrated with Oracle Database and is designed to eliminate data loss exposure
for databases without impacting production environments.
Servers
We offer a wide range of server products using our SPARC microprocessor, which are designed to be differentiated by their reliability, security and scalability. Our
SPARC-based T7 mid-range servers and M7 high-end servers, for example, are designed to offer better performance and lower total cost of ownership than
competitive UNIX systems for business critical applications and for customers having more computationally intensive needs. Measurably increasing computing
performance and reliability, these servers are ideal platforms for building cloud computing IT environments. We also offer servers using microprocessors from Intel
Corporation (Intel). By offering customers a range of microprocessors, we intend to offer our customers maximum flexibility in choosing the types of hardware
products that they believe will be most appropriate and valuable for their particular IT environments.
Our SPARC servers run the Oracle Solaris operating system and are designed for mission critical enterprise environments. Our SPARC servers are also a core
component of the Oracle SuperCluster, one of our Oracle Engineered Systems.
Our Intel-based enterprise x86 servers are compatible with Oracle Solaris, Oracle Linux, Microsoft Windows and other operating systems. Our x86 servers are also
a core component of many of our Oracle Engineered Systems including Oracle Exadata Database Machine, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, Oracle Exalytics In-
Memory Machine and the Oracle Big Data Appliance.
Storage
Our storage products are engineered for the cloud and designed to securely store, manage, protect, archive, backup and recover customers’ mission critical data
assets. Our storage products consist of disk, flash, tape, virtual tape, and hardware-related software including file systems software, back-up and archive software,
hierarchical storage management software and networking for mainframe and heterogeneous systems environments. We also offer certain of our storage offerings
as a cloud service. Our storage products are designed to improve data availability by providing fast data access and dynamic data protection for back-up and
recovery, secure archiving for compliance and integration with the Oracle Cloud for low-cost access to capacity expansion. Our storage products are co-engineered
with Oracle software and designed to provide performance benefits for our customers in Oracle Database and Oracle Applications environments, as well as to work
with heterogeneous application and systems environments to maximize performance and efficiency while minimizing management overhead and lowering the total
cost of ownership.
Our Oracle ZFS Storage Appliance is designed to improve Network Attached Storage (NAS) performance and manageability and lower total cost of ownership by
combining our advanced storage operating system with a DRAM-centric architecture and leveraging high-performance controllers, flash-based caches and disks.
Our Oracle All Flash FS storage system, which is targeted at all-flash Storage Area Network (SAN) environments, is designed to deliver high performance with
low latency to meet business critical service level agreements for dynamic, multi-application workloads and enable customers to consolidate storage applications
into a single data center storage solution.
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Our tape storage product line includes Oracle StorageTek libraries, drives, virtualization systems, media and associated software packages that provide data
lifecycle management, deep analytics and file access through the familiar “drag-and-drop” paradigm. Oracle’s Virtual Storage Manager 7 offers the only storage for
mainframe environments with cloud access built in to significantly lower costs of storing and archiving mainframe data. In addition to serving in tape’s traditional
role as enterprise data backup, these products are intended to provide robust, scalable solutions at a lower total cost of ownership for long-term data archiving and
preservation in vertical industries such as communications, energy, healthcare and internet, among others.
Networking and Data Center Fabric Products
Our networking and data center fabric products, including Oracle Virtual Networking, and Oracle InfiniBand and Ethernet technologies, are used with our server
and storage products and are integrated into our management tools to help enterprise customers improve infrastructure performance, reduce cost and complexity
and simplify storage and server connectivity.
Industry-Specific Hardware Offerings
We offer hardware products and services designed for certain specific industries. Our point-of-sale hardware offerings include point-of-sale terminals and related
hardware that are designed for managing businesses within the food and beverage, hotel and retail industries, among others. Our hardware products and services for
communications networks include network signaling, policy control and subscriber data management solutions, and session border control technology, among
others.
Oracle Solaris and Oracle Linux Operating Systems, Virtualization and Other Hardware-Related Software
The Oracle Solaris operating system is designed to provide a reliable, secure and scalable operating system environment through significant kernel feature
development, networking, security, and file system technologies as well as close integration with hardware features. This design provides us with an ability to
combine Oracle Solaris with our own hardware components to achieve certain performance and efficiency advantages in comparison to our competitors. The
Oracle Solaris operating system is based on the UNIX operating system, but is unique among UNIX systems in that it is available on our SPARC servers and x86
servers. We also support Oracle Solaris deployed on other companies’ hardware products.
The Oracle Linux operating system is optimized for cloud computing and enterprise workloads including databases, middleware and applications. The operating
system offers technologies such as containers and OpenStack support. Oracle Linux also has unique features for the enterprise such as Ksplice, which enables users
to patch the Oracle Linux operating system while in use.
Oracle provides a broad portfolio of virtualization solutions from the desktop to the data center. Oracle VM is server virtualization software for both Oracle SPARC
and x86 servers and supports both Oracle and non-Oracle applications. Oracle VM software is designed to enable different applications to share a single physical
system for higher utilization and efficiency and simplify software deployment by enabling pre-configured software images to be created and rapidly deployed
without installation or configuration errors. In addition, Oracle Solaris 11 provides comprehensive, built-in virtualization capabilities for both SPARC and x86
servers, networking and storage resources.
In addition to Oracle Solaris and Oracle Linux operating systems and Oracle’s virtualization software, we also develop a range of other hardware-related software,
including development tools, compilers, management tools for servers and storage, diagnostic tools and file systems.
Management Software
Oracle invests in a range of management technologies and products in order to meet the needs of customers building and efficiently operating complex IT
environments, including both end users’ and service providers’ cloud environments. Oracle Enterprise Manager is a comprehensive management solution for all
Oracle infrastructure, platform and applications technologies and provides an integrated view of the entire IT lifecycle including deployment, monitoring and
lifecycle management. Oracle Enterprise Manager can be applied to
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cloud, traditional on-premise and hybrid cloud environments in a seamless manner via a single interface, which accelerates customer deployment of and transition
to the cloud with Oracle products. Oracle also enhances and integrates with certain key open technologies including OpenStack, which is broadly supported by
Oracle products for customers that require seamless integration with this method of cloud management and provisioning. The combination of Oracle’s
comprehensive solutions and investments in open standards allows Oracle customers to manage Oracle products efficiently across a range of IT offerings from
traditional on-premise environments to the most advanced cloud architectures.
Hardware Support
Our hardware support offerings provide customers with software updates for software components that are essential to the functionality of our hardware products,
such as Oracle Solaris and certain other software products, and can include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support services. We continue to
evolve hardware support processes that are intended to proactively identify and solve quality issues and to increase the amount of new and renewed hardware
support contracts sold in connection with the sales of our hardware products. Hardware support contracts are generally priced as a percentage of the net hardware
products fees.
Services
We offer services solutions to help customers and partners maximize the performance of their investments in Oracle application, platform and infrastructure
technologies. We believe our services are differentiated based on our focus on Oracle technologies, extensive experience and broad sets of intellectual property and
best practices. Our services business represented 9% of our total revenues in each of fiscal 2016 and 2015, and 10% of our total revenues in fiscal 2014. Our
services business, which is comprised of the remainder of our operating segments, offers the following:
• consulting services that are designed to help our customers and global system integrator partners more successfully architect and deploy our offerings,
including IT strategy alignment, enterprise architecture planning and design, initial software implementation and integration, and ongoing software
enhancements and upgrades. We utilize a global, blended delivery model to optimize value for our customers and partners, consisting of on-premise
consultants from local geographies, industry specialists and consultants from our global delivery and solution centers;
• advanced customer support services, which are provided on-premise and remotely to our customers to enable increased performance and higher
availability of their Oracle products and services and also include certain other services; and
• education services for Oracle products and services, including training and certification programs that are offered to customers, partners and employees
through a variety of formats, including instructor-led classes at our education centers, live virtual training, self-paced online training, private events and
custom training.
Marketing and Sales
We directly market and sell our products and services to businesses of many sizes and in many industries, government agencies and educational institutions. We
also market and sell our offerings through indirect channels. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 or 2014.
In the United States, our sales and services employees are based in our headquarters and in field offices throughout the country. Outside the United States, our
international subsidiaries sell, support and service our offerings in their local countries as well as within other foreign countries where we do not operate through a
direct sales subsidiary. Our geographic coverage allows us to draw on business and technical expertise from a global workforce, provides stability to our operations
and revenue streams to offset geography specific economic trends and offers us an opportunity to take advantage of new markets for our offerings. Our
international operations subject us to certain risks, which are more fully described in “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of
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this Annual Report. A summary of our domestic and international revenues and long-lived assets is set forth in Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
We also market our product offerings worldwide through indirect channels. The companies that comprise our indirect channel network are members of the Oracle
Partner Network. The Oracle Partner Network is a global program that manages our business relationships with a large, broad-based network of companies,
including independent software and hardware vendors, system integrators and resellers that deliver innovative solutions and services based upon our product
offerings. By offering our partners access to our product offerings, educational information, technical services, marketing and sales support, the Oracle Partner
Network program extends our market reach by providing our partners with the resources they need to be successful in delivering solutions to customers globally.
The majority of our hardware products are sold through indirect channels including independent distributors and value-added resellers.
Seasonality and Cyclicality
Our quarterly revenues have historically been affected by a variety of seasonal factors, including the structure of our sales force incentive compensation plans,
which are common in the technology industry. In each fiscal year, our total revenues and operating margins are typically highest in our fourth fiscal quarter and
lowest in our first fiscal quarter. The operating margins of our businesses (in particular, our cloud software and on-premise software and hardware segments) are
generally affected by seasonal factors in a similar manner as our revenues as certain expenses within our cost structure are relatively fixed in the short term. See
“Selected Quarterly Financial Data” in Item 7 of this Annual Report for a more complete description of the seasonality and cyclicality of our revenues, expenses
and margins.
Competition
We face intense competition in all aspects of our business. The nature of the IT industry creates a competitive landscape that is constantly evolving as firms
emerge, expand or are acquired, as technology evolves and as customer demands and competitive pressures otherwise change.
Our customers are demanding less complexity and lower total cost in the implementation, sourcing, integration and ongoing maintenance of their enterprise
software and hardware. Our enterprise cloud and on-premise software and hardware offerings compete directly with some offerings from some of the largest and
most competitive companies in the world, including Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft), International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), Intel, Hewlett-
Packard Enterprise, SAP SE and Amazon.com, Inc. and smaller companies like salesforce.com, inc. and Workday, Inc., as well as many others. In addition, due to
the low barriers to entry in many of our market segments, new technologies and new and growing competitors frequently emerge to challenge our offerings. Our
competitors range from companies offering broad IT solutions across many of our lines of business to vendors providing point solutions, or offerings focused on a
specific functionality, product area or industry. In addition, as we expand into new market segments, we face increased competition as we compete with existing
competitors, as well as firms that may be partners in other areas of our business and other firms with whom we have not previously competed. Moreover, we or our
competitors may take certain strategic actions—including acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures, or repositioning of product lines—which invite even greater
competition in one or more product offering categories.
Key competitive factors in each of the segments in which we currently compete and may compete in the future include: total cost of ownership, performance,
scalability, reliability, security, functionality, efficiency, speed to production and quality of technical support. Our product and service sales (and the relative
strength of our products and services versus those of our competitors) are also directly and indirectly affected by the following, among other things:
• the adoption of cloud-based IT offerings including SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings;
• ease of deployment, use and maintenance of our products and services offerings;
• compatibility between Oracle products and services deployed within on-premise IT environments and public cloud IT environments, including our Oracle
Cloud environments;
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• the adoption of commodity servers and microprocessors;
• the broader “platform” competition between our industry standard Java technology platform and the .NET programming environment of Microsoft;
• operating system competition among our Oracle Solaris and Linux operating systems, with alternatives including Microsoft’s Windows Server, and other
UNIX and Linux operating systems;
• the adoption of open source alternatives to commercial software by enterprise software customers;
• products, features and functionality developed internally by customers and their IT staff;
• products, features or functionality customized and implemented for customers by consultants, systems integrators or other third parties; and
• attractiveness of offerings from business processing outsourcers.
For more information about the competitive risks we face, refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Oracle Cloud Operations
Oracle Cloud Operations delivers our SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings to customers through the Oracle Cloud, which is a secure, reliable, scalable, enterprise grade
platform that is deployed upon Oracle’s application, platform and infrastructure products and is managed by Oracle employees within a global network of data
centers. The Oracle Cloud enables secure and isolated cloud-based instances for each of our customers to access the functionality of our SaaS, PaaS and IaaS
offerings via a broad spectrum of devices and leverages automated software lifecycle management to enable the rapid delivery of the latest cloud technology
capabilities as they become available.
Manufacturing
To produce our hardware products, we rely on both our internal manufacturing operations as well as third-party manufacturing partners. Our internal manufacturing
operations consist primarily of materials procurement, assembly, testing and quality control of our Oracle Engineered Systems and certain of our enterprise and
data center servers, storage products and networking products. For all other manufacturing, we generally rely on third-party manufacturing partners to produce our
hardware-related components and hardware products and we may involve our internal manufacturing operations in the final assembly, testing and quality control
processes for these components and products. We distribute most of our hardware products either from our facilities or partner facilities. Our manufacturing
processes substantially are based on standardization of components across product types, centralization of assembly and distribution centers and a “build-to-order”
methodology in which products generally are built only after customers have placed firm orders. Production of our hardware products requires that we purchase
materials, supplies, product subassemblies and full assemblies from a number of vendors. For most of our hardware products, we have existing alternate sources of
supply or such sources are readily available. However, we do rely on sole sources for certain of our hardware products. As a result, we continue to evaluate
potential risks of disruption to our supply chain operations. Refer to “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A within this Annual Report for additional discussion of the
challenges we encounter with respect to the sources and availability of supplies for our products and the related risks to our business.
Research and Development
We develop the substantial majority of our product offerings internally. In addition, we have extended our product offerings and intellectual property through
acquisitions of businesses and technologies. We also purchase or license intellectual property rights in certain circumstances. Internal development allows us to
maintain technical control over the design and development of our products. We have a number of United States and foreign patents and pending applications that
relate to various aspects of our products and technology. While we believe that our patents have value, no single patent is essential to us or to any of our principal
business segments. Research and development expenditures were $5.8 billion, $5.5 billion and $5.2 billion in fiscal 2016,
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2015 and 2014, respectively, or 16%, 14% and 13% of total revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Rapid technological advances in hardware and
software development, evolving standards in computer hardware and software technology, changing customer needs and frequent new product introductions,
offerings and enhancements characterize the cloud and on-premise software and hardware markets in which we compete. We plan to continue to dedicate a
significant amount of resources to research and development efforts to maintain and improve our current product and services offerings.
Employees
As of May 31, 2016, we employed approximately 136,000 full-time employees, including approximately 38,000 in sales and marketing, approximately 6,000 in our
cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS operations, approximately 10,000 in software license updates and product support, approximately 1,000 in the manufacturing of our
hardware products, approximately 5,000 in hardware support, approximately 23,000 in services, approximately 40,000 in research and development and
approximately 13,000 in general and administrative positions. Of these employees, approximately 51,000 were employed in the United States and approximately
85,000 were employed internationally. None of our employees in the United States is represented by a labor union; however, in certain foreign subsidiaries labor
unions or workers’ councils represent some of our employees.
Available Information
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Sections
13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available, free of charge, on our Investor Relations website at www.oracle.com/investor as
soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The information
posted on or accessible through our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Our executive officers are listed below.
Name
Lawrence J. Ellison
Safra A. Catz
Mark V. Hurd
Jeffrey O. Henley
Thomas Kurian
John F. Fowler
Dorian E. Daley
William Corey West
Office(s)
Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Technology Officer and Director
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director
President, Product Development
Executive Vice President, Systems
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Executive Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
Mr. Ellison, 71, has been our Chairman of the Board and Chief Technology Officer since September 2014. He served as our Chief Executive Officer from June
1977, when he founded Oracle, until September 2014. He has served as a Director since June 1977. He previously served as our Chairman of the Board from May
1995 to January 2004.
Ms. Catz, 54, has been our Chief Executive Officer since September 2014. She served as our President from January 2004 to September 2014, our Chief Financial
Officer most recently from April 2011 until September 2014 and a Director since October 2001. She was previously our Chief Financial Officer from November
2005 until September 2008 and our Interim Chief Financial Officer from April 2005 until July 2005. Prior to being named our President, she held various other
positions with us since joining Oracle in 1999. She also previously served as a director of HSBC Holdings plc.
Mr. Hurd, 59, has been our Chief Executive Officer since September 2014. He served as our President from September 2010 to September 2014 and a Director
since September 2010. Prior to joining us, he served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Hewlett-Packard Company from September 2006 to August 2010
and as Chief Executive Officer, President and a member of the Board of Directors of Hewlett-Packard Company from April 2005 to August 2010.
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Mr. Henley, 71, has served as our Vice Chairman of the Board since September 2014. He previously served as our Chairman of the Board from January 2004 to
September 2014 and has served as a Director since June 1995. He served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from March 1991 to July
2004.
Mr. Kurian, 49, has been our President, Product Development since January 2015. He served as our Executive Vice President, Product Development from July
2009 until January 2015. He served as our Senior Vice President of Development from February 2001 until July 2009. Mr. Kurian worked in Oracle Server
Technologies as Vice President of Development from March 1999 until February 2001. He also held various other positions with us since joining Oracle in 1996.
Mr. Fowler, 55, has been Executive Vice President, Systems since February 2010. Prior to Oracle’s acquisition of Sun Microsystems, Inc., Mr. Fowler served as
Sun’s Executive Vice President, Systems Group from May 2006 to February 2010, as Executive Vice President, Network Systems Group from May 2004 to May
2006 and as Chief Technology Officer, Software Group from July 2002 to May 2004.
Ms. Daley, 57, has been our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since April 2015 and was our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and
Secretary from October 2007 to April 2015. She served as our Vice President, Legal, Associate General Counsel and Assistant Secretary from June 2004 to
October 2007, as Associate General Counsel and Assistant Secretary from October 2001 to June 2004 and as Associate General Counsel from February 2001 to
October 2001. She held various other positions with us since joining Oracle’s Legal Department in 1992.
Mr. West, 54, has been our Executive Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since April 2015. He served as our Senior Vice President,
Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer from February 2008 to April 2015 and served as our Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief
Accounting Officer from April 2007 to February 2008. His previous experience includes 14 years with Arthur Andersen LLP, most recently as a partner.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We operate in rapidly changing economic and technological environments that present numerous risks, many of which are driven by factors that we cannot control
or predict. The following discussion, as well as our “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” discussion in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations (Item 7), highlights some of these risks. The risks described below are not exhaustive and you should carefully consider these
risks and uncertainties before investing in our securities.
Our Oracle Cloud strategy, including our Oracle Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Data as a
Service (DaaS) offerings, may adversely affect our revenues and profitability. We offer customers a full range of consumption models, including the
deployment of our products via our cloud-based SaaS, PaaS, IaaS and DaaS offerings. These business models continue to evolve, and we may not be able to
compete effectively, generate significant revenues or maintain the profitability of our cloud offerings. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of cloud and SaaS
delivery models offered by us and our competitors may unfavorably impact the pricing of our on-premise enterprise software offerings and our cloud offerings, and
has a dampening impact on overall demand for our on-premise software product and service offerings, which has reduced and could continue to reduce our
revenues and profitability, at least in the near term. If we do not successfully execute our cloud computing strategy or anticipate the cloud computing needs of our
customers, our reputation as a cloud services provider could be harmed and our revenues and profitability could decline.
As customer demand for our cloud offerings increases, we experience volatility in our reported revenues and operating results due to the differences in timing of
revenue recognition between our new software licenses and hardware arrangements relative to our cloud offering arrangements. Customers generally purchase our
cloud offerings on a subscription basis and revenues from these offerings are generally recognized ratably over the terms of the subscriptions. The deferred revenue
that results from sales of our cloud offerings may prevent any deterioration in sales activity associated with our cloud offerings from becoming immediately
observable in our consolidated statement of operations. This is in contrast to revenues associated with our new software licenses arrangements whereby new
software licenses revenues are generally recognized in full at the time of delivery of
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the related software licenses. We incur certain expenses associated with the infrastructures and marketing of our cloud offerings in advance of our ability to
recognize the revenues associated with these offerings.
We have also acquired a number of cloud computing companies, and the integration of these companies into our Oracle Cloud strategy may not be as efficient or
scalable as anticipated, which could adversely affect our ability to fully realize the benefits anticipated from these acquisitions.
Our success depends upon our ability to develop new products and services, integrate acquired products and services and enhance our existing products and
services. Rapid technological advances, changing delivery models and evolving standards in computer hardware and software development and communications
infrastructure, changing and increasingly sophisticated customer needs and frequent new product introductions and enhancements characterize the industries in
which we compete. If we are unable to develop new or sufficiently differentiated products and services, enhance and improve our product offerings and support
services in a timely manner or position and price our products and services to meet demand, customers may not purchase or subscribe to our software, hardware or
cloud offerings or renew software support, hardware support or cloud subscriptions contracts. Renewals of these contracts are important to the growth of our
business. In addition, we cannot provide any assurance that the standards on which we choose to develop new products will allow us to compete effectively for
business opportunities in emerging areas.
We have continued to refresh and release new offerings of our cloud and on-premise software and hardware products and services, including our Database
Multitenant, Database In-Memory, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, DaaS and Oracle Engineered Systems offerings. Our business may be adversely affected if:
• we do not continue to develop and release these or other new or enhanced products and services within the anticipated time frames;
• there is a delay in market acceptance of a new, enhanced or acquired product line or service;
• there are changes in information technology (IT) trends that we do not adequately anticipate or address with our product development efforts;
• we do not timely optimize complementary product lines and services; or
• we fail to adequately integrate, support or enhance acquired product lines or services.
If our security measures for our products and services are compromised and as a result, our data, our customers’ data or our IT systems are accessed
improperly, made unavailable, or improperly modified, our products and services may be perceived as vulnerable, our brand and reputation could be damaged,
the IT services we provide to our customers could be disrupted, and customers may stop using our products and services, all of which could reduce our revenue
and earnings, increase our expenses and expose us to legal claims and regulatory actions. We are in the IT business, and our products and services, including
our Oracle Cloud offerings, store, retrieve, manipulate and manage our customers’ information and data, external data, as well as our own data. We have a
reputation for secure and reliable product offerings and related services and we have invested a great deal of time and resources in protecting the integrity and
security of our products, services and the internal and external data that we manage.
At times, we encounter attempts by third parties to identify and exploit product and service vulnerabilities, penetrate or bypass our security measures, and gain
unauthorized access to our or our customers’, partners’ and suppliers’ software, hardware and cloud offerings, networks and systems, any of which could lead to the
compromise of personal information or the confidential information or data of Oracle or our customers. Computer hackers and others may be able to develop and
deploy IT related viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that could attack our products and services, exploit potential security vulnerabilities of our
products and services, create system disruptions and cause shutdowns or denials of service. This is also true for third-party data, products or services incorporated
into our own. Data may also be accessed or modified improperly as a result of customer, partner, employee or supplier error or malfeasance and third parties may
attempt to fraudulently induce customers, partners, employees or suppliers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information
in order to gain access to our data, our customers’, suppliers’ or partners’ data or the IT systems of Oracle, its customers, suppliers or partners.
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High-profile security breaches at other companies have increased in recent years, and security industry experts and government officials have warned about the
risks of hackers and cyber-attacks targeting IT products and businesses. Although this is an industry-wide problem that affects other software and hardware
companies, it affects Oracle in particular because computer hackers tend to focus their efforts on the most prominent IT companies, and they may focus on Oracle
because of our reputation for, and marketing efforts associated with, having secure products and services. These risks will increase as we continue to grow our
cloud offerings and store and process increasingly large amounts of data, including personal information and our customers’ confidential information and data and
other external data, and host or manage parts of our customers’ businesses in cloud-based IT environments, especially in customer sectors involving particularly
sensitive data such as health sciences, financial services and the government. We also have an active acquisition program and have acquired a number of
companies, products, services and technologies over the years. While we make significant efforts to address any IT security issues with respect to our acquired
companies, we may still inherit such risks when we integrate these companies within Oracle.
We could suffer significant damage to our brand and reputation if a cyber-attack or other security incident were to allow unauthorized access to or modification of
our customers’ or suppliers’ data, other external data, or our own data or our IT systems or if the services we provide to our customers were disrupted, or if our
products or services are perceived as having security vulnerabilities. Customers could lose confidence in the security and reliability of our products and services,
including our cloud offerings, and perceive them to be not secure. This could lead to fewer customers using our products and services and result in reduced revenue
and earnings. The costs we would incur to address and fix these security incidents would increase our expenses. These types of security incidents could also lead to
lawsuits, regulatory investigations and claims and increased legal liability, including in some cases contractual costs related to customer notification and fraud
monitoring.
Our business practices with respect to the collection, use and management of personal information could give rise to operational interruption, liabilities or
reputational harm as a result of governmental regulation, legal requirements or industry standards relating to consumer privacy and data protection. As
regulatory focus on privacy issues continues to increase and worldwide laws and regulations concerning the handling of personal information expand and become
more complex, potential risks related to data collection and use within our business will intensify. For example, in October 2015, the Court of Justice of the
European Union (EU) invalidated the EU-U.S. Safe Harbor Framework, which Oracle as well as many other global enterprises had relied on in certain contexts to
enable the transfer of EU personal data to the United States. While Oracle adapted to this judgment by implementing other transfer mechanisms permitted under
applicable law, the validity of these other mechanisms could also be challenged. If successful, this could require Oracle to make disruptive operational adjustments
to the delivery of certain services that could impact customers and sales in the region. In addition, U.S. and foreign governments have enacted or are considering
enacting legislation or regulations, or may in the near future interpret existing legislation or regulations, in a manner that could significantly impact the ability of
Oracle and our customers and data partners to collect, augment, analyze, use, transfer and share personal and other information that is integral to certain services
Oracle provides and data services. This could be true particularly in those jurisdictions where privacy laws or regulators take a broader view of how personal
information is defined, therefore subjecting the handling of such data to heightened restrictions that may be obstructive to the operations of Oracle and its
customers and data providers. This impact may be acute in countries that have passed or are considering passing legislation that requires data to remain localized
“in country,” as this imposes financial costs on any service provider that is required to store data in jurisdictions not of its choosing and nonstandard operational
processes that are difficult and costly to integrate with global processes.
Regulators globally are also imposing greater monetary fines for privacy violations, and the EU is considering legislation that would impose fines for privacy
violations based on a percentage of global revenues. Changes in laws or regulations associated with the enhanced protection of certain types of sensitive data, such
as healthcare data or other personal information, could greatly increase our cost of providing our products and services or even prevent us from offering certain of
our services in jurisdictions that we operate. Additionally, public perception and standards related to the privacy of personal information can shift rapidly, in ways
that may affect Oracle’s reputation or influence regulators to enact regulations and laws that may limit Oracle’s ability to provide certain
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products. Any failure, or perceived failure, by Oracle to comply with U.S. federal, state, or foreign laws and regulations, including laws and regulations regulating
privacy, data security, or consumer protection, or other policies, public perception, standards, self-regulatory requirements or legal obligations, could result in lost
or restricted business, proceedings, actions or fines brought against us or levied by governmental entities or others, or could adversely affect our business and harm
our reputation.
We might experience significant coding, manufacturing or configuration errors in our software, hardware and cloud offerings. Despite testing prior to the
release and throughout the lifecycle of a product or service, our software, hardware and cloud offerings sometimes contain coding or manufacturing errors that can
impact their function, performance and security, and result in other negative consequences. The detection and correction of any errors in released software,
hardware or cloud offerings can be time consuming and costly. Errors in our software, hardware or cloud offerings could affect their ability to properly function or
operate with other software, hardware or cloud offerings, could delay the development or release of new products or services or new versions of products or
services, could create security vulnerabilities in our products or services, and could adversely affect market acceptance of our products or services. This includes
third-party software products or services incorporated into our own. If we experience errors or delays in releasing our software, hardware or cloud offerings or new
versions thereof, our sales could be affected and revenues could decline. In addition, we run Oracle’s business operations as well as cloud and other services that
we offer to our customers on our products and networks. Therefore, any flaws could affect our ability to conduct our business operations and the operations of our
customers. Enterprise customers rely on our software, hardware and cloud offerings and services to run their businesses and errors in our software, hardware or
cloud offerings could expose us to product liability, performance and warranty claims as well as significant harm to our brand and reputation, which could impact
our future sales.
We may fail to achieve our financial forecasts due to inaccurate sales forecasts or other factors. Our revenues, particularly our new software licenses revenues
and hardware revenues, are difficult to forecast. As a result, our quarterly operating results can fluctuate substantially.
We use a “pipeline” system, a common industry practice, to forecast sales and trends in our business. Our sales personnel monitor the status of all proposals and
estimate when a customer will make a purchase decision and the dollar amount of the sale. These estimates are aggregated periodically to generate a sales pipeline.
Our pipeline estimates can prove to be unreliable both in a particular quarter and over a longer period of time, in part because the “conversion rate” or “closure
rate” of the pipeline into contracts can be very difficult to estimate. A reduction in the conversion rate, or in the pipeline itself, could cause us to plan or budget
incorrectly and adversely affect our business or results of operations. In particular, a slowdown in IT spending or economic conditions generally can unexpectedly
reduce the conversion rate in particular periods as purchasing decisions are delayed, reduced in amount or cancelled. The conversion rate can also be affected by
the tendency of some of our customers to wait until the end of a fiscal period in the hope of obtaining more favorable terms, which can also impede our ability to
negotiate, execute and deliver upon these contracts in a timely manner. In addition, for newly acquired companies, we have limited ability to predict how their
pipelines will convert into sales or revenues for a number of quarters following the acquisition. Conversion rates post-acquisition may be quite different from the
acquired companies’ historical conversion rates. Differences in conversion rates can also be affected by changes in business practices that we implement in our
newly acquired companies. These changes may negatively affect customer behavior.
A substantial portion of our new software licenses and hardware contracts is completed in the latter part of a quarter and a significant percentage of these are larger
orders. Because a significant portion of our cost structure is largely fixed in the short term, sales and revenue shortfalls tend to have a disproportionately negative
impact on our profitability. The number of large new software licenses transactions and, to a lesser extent, hardware products transactions increases the risk of
fluctuations in our quarterly results because a delay in even a small number of these transactions could cause our quarterly sales, revenues and profitability to fall
significantly short of our predictions.
We may experience foreign currency gains and losses. Changes in currency exchange rates can adversely affect customer demand and our revenue and
profitability. We conduct a significant number of transactions and hold cash in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Changes in the values of major foreign
currencies,
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particularly the Euro, Japanese Yen and British Pound, relative to the U.S. Dollar can significantly affect our total assets, revenues, operating results and cash
flows, which are reported in U.S. Dollars. In particular, the economic uncertainties relating to European sovereign and other debt obligations may cause the value
of the Euro to fluctuate relative to the U.S. Dollar. Fluctuations in foreign currency rates, most notably the recent strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro
and most other major international currencies, adversely affects our revenue growth in terms of the amounts that we report in U.S. Dollars after converting our
foreign currency results into U.S. Dollars and in terms of actual demand for our products and services as these products become relatively more expensive for
foreign currency-based enterprises to purchase. In addition, currency variations can adversely affect margins on sales of our products in countries outside of the
United States. Generally, our revenues and operating results are adversely affected when the dollar strengthens relative to other currencies and are positively
affected when the dollar weakens. In addition, our reported assets generally are adversely affected when the dollar strengthens relative to other currencies as a
significant portion of our consolidated cash and bank deposits, among other assets, are held in foreign currencies. The U.S. Dollar generally strengthened relative to
other currencies, including the Euro, in fiscal 2016, which is reflected in our results.
In addition, we incur foreign currency transaction gains and losses, primarily related to sublicense fees and other intercompany agreements among us and our
subsidiaries that we expect to cash settle in the near term, which are charged against earnings in the period incurred. We have a program which primarily utilizes
foreign currency forward contracts designed to offset the risks associated with certain foreign currency exposures. We may suspend the program from time to time.
As a part of this program, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts so that increases or decreases in our foreign currency exposures are offset at least in part
by gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts in an effort to mitigate the risks and volatility associated with our foreign currency transaction gains or
losses. A large portion of our consolidated operations are international, and we expect that we will continue to realize gains or losses with respect to our foreign
currency exposures, net of gains or losses from our foreign currency forward contracts. For example, we will experience foreign currency gains and losses in
certain instances if it is not possible or cost-effective to hedge our foreign currency exposures, if our hedging efforts are ineffective, or should we suspend our
foreign currency forward contract program. Our ultimate realized loss or gain with respect to currency fluctuations will generally depend on the size and type of
cross-currency exposures that we enter into, the currency exchange rates associated with these exposures and changes in those rates, whether we have entered into
foreign currency forward contracts to offset these exposures and other factors. All of these factors could materially impact our results of operations, financial
position and cash flows.
Certain of our international subsidiaries operate in economies that have been designated as highly inflationary. We have incurred foreign currency losses associated
with the devaluation of currencies in these highly inflationary economies relative to the U.S. Dollar and we may continue to incur such losses in these countries or
other emerging market countries where we do business.
Economic, political and market conditions can adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and
profitability, which in turn could adversely affect our stock price. Our business is influenced by a range of factors that are beyond our control and that we have
no comparative advantage in forecasting. These include:
• general economic and business conditions;
• overall demand for enterprise software, cloud offerings, hardware and services;
• governmental budgetary constraints or shifts in government spending priorities; and
• general political developments.
Macroeconomic developments like the continued slow pace of economic recovery in Europe and parts of the United States, Asia and South America could
negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and outlook, which, in turn, could adversely affect our stock price. Any general weakening of,
and related declining corporate confidence in, the global economy or the curtailment of government or corporate spending could cause current or potential
customers to reduce or eliminate their IT budgets and spending, which could cause customers to delay, decrease or cancel purchases of our products and services or
cause customers not to pay us or to delay paying us for previously purchased products and services.
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In addition, political unrest in places like Ukraine, Syria and Iraq and the related potential impact on global stability, terrorist attacks and the potential for other
hostilities in various parts of the world, potential public health crises and natural disasters continue to contribute to a climate of economic and political uncertainty
that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability. These factors generally have the
strongest effect on our sales of new software licenses, hardware products, hardware support and related services and, to a lesser extent, also may affect our renewal
rates for software license updates and product support and our subscription-based cloud offerings.
If we are unable to compete effectively, the results of operations and prospects for our business could be harmed. We face intense competition in all aspects of
our business. The nature of the IT industry creates a competitive landscape that is constantly evolving as firms emerge, expand or are acquired, as technology
evolves and as delivery models change. Many vendors develop and market databases, middleware products, application development tools, business applications,
collaboration products and business intelligence products, among others, that compete with our cloud and on-premise software offerings. These vendors include on-
premise software companies and companies that offer cloud-based SaaS, PaaS, IaaS and DaaS offerings and business process outsourcing (BPO) as competitive
alternatives to buying software and hardware. Our competitors that offer business applications and middleware products may influence a customer’s purchasing
decision for the underlying database in an effort to persuade potential customers not to acquire our products. We could lose customers if our competitors introduce
new competitive products, add new functionality, acquire competitive products, reduce prices, better execute on their sales and marketing strategies or form
strategic alliances with other companies. We may also face increasing competition from open source software initiatives in which competitors may provide
software and intellectual property for free. Existing or new competitors could gain sales opportunities or customers at our expense.
Our hardware business competes with, among others, (1) systems manufacturers and resellers of systems based on our own microprocessors and operating systems
and those of our competitors, (2) microprocessor/chip manufacturers, (3) providers of storage products, (4) certain industry-specific hardware manufacturers
including those serving communications, hospitality and retail industries and (5) certain cloud providers that build their own IT infrastructure. Our hardware
business causes us to compete with certain companies that historically have been partners. Some of these competitors may have more experience than we do in
managing a hardware business. A large portion of our hardware products are based on our SPARC microprocessor and Oracle Solaris operating system platform,
which has a smaller installed base than certain of our competitors’ platforms and which may make it difficult for us to win new customers that have already made
significant investments in our competitors’ platforms. Certain of these competitors also compete very aggressively on price. A loss in our competitive position
could result in lower revenues or profitability, which could adversely impact our ability to realize the revenue and profitability forecasts for our hardware business.
We may need to change our pricing models to compete successfully. The intense competition we face in the sales of our products and services and general
economic and business conditions can put pressure on us to change our prices. If our competitors offer deep discounts on certain products or services or develop
products that the marketplace considers more valuable, we may need to lower prices or offer other favorable terms in order to compete successfully. Any such
changes may reduce margins and could adversely affect operating results. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of cloud and SaaS delivery models offered by us
and our competitors may unfavorably impact the pricing of our on-premise enterprise software offerings and our cloud offerings, as well as overall demand for our
on-premise software product and service offerings, which could reduce our revenues and profitability. Our software license updates and product support fees and
hardware support fees are generally priced as a percentage of our net new software licenses fees and net new hardware products fees, respectively. Our competitors
may offer lower pricing on their support offerings, which could put pressure on us to further discount our offerings or support pricing.
Any broad-based change to our prices and pricing policies could cause our revenues to decline or be delayed as our sales force implements and our customers
adjust to the new pricing policies. Some of our competitors may bundle products for promotional purposes or as a long-term pricing strategy or provide guarantees
of prices and product implementations. These practices could, over time, significantly constrain the prices that we can charge for certain of our products. If we do
not adapt our pricing models to reflect changes in customer use of our
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products or changes in customer demand, our revenues could decrease. The increase in open source software distribution may also cause us to change our pricing
models.
Our international sales and operations subject us to additional risks that can adversely affect our operating results. We derive a substantial portion of our
revenues from, and have significant operations, outside of the United States. Our international operations include software and hardware development,
manufacturing, assembly, cloud operations, sales, customer support, consulting and other services and shared administrative service centers.
Compliance with international and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations increases our cost of doing business in foreign jurisdictions.
These laws and regulations include U.S. laws and local laws which include data privacy requirements, labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations,
prohibitions on payments to governmental officials, import and trade restrictions and export requirements. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in
fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any such violations could result in prohibitions
on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries, could delay or prevent potential acquisitions and could also materially damage our
reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business and our operating results. Compliance with these
laws requires a significant amount of management attention and effort, which may divert management’s attention from running our business operations and could
harm our ability to grow our business, or may increase our expenses as we engage specialized or other additional resources to assist us with our compliance efforts.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to anticipate these risks and manage these difficulties. We monitor our operations and investigate allegations of
improprieties relating to transactions and the way in which such transactions are recorded. Where circumstances warrant, we provide information and report our
findings to government authorities, but no assurance can be given that action will not be taken by such authorities.
We are also subject to a variety of other risks and challenges in managing an organization operating in various countries, including those related to:
• general economic conditions in each country or region;
• fluctuations in currency exchange rates and related impacts to customer demand and our operating results;
• difficulties in transferring funds from or converting currencies in certain countries such as Venezuela that have led to a devaluation of our net assets, in
particular our cash assets, in that country’s currency;
• regulatory changes, including government austerity measures in certain countries that we may not be able to sufficiently plan for or avoid that may
unexpectedly impair bank deposits or other cash assets that we hold in these countries or that impose additional taxes that we may be required to pay in
these countries;
• political unrest, terrorism and the potential for other hostilities, including those in Ukraine, Syria, and Iraq;
• common local business behaviors that are in direct conflict with our business ethics, practices and conduct policies;
• natural disasters;
• the effects of climate change (such as sea level rise, drought, flooding, wildfires and increased storm sensitivity);
• longer payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
• overlapping tax regimes;
• our ability to repatriate funds held by our foreign subsidiaries to the United States at favorable tax rates;
• public health risks, particularly in areas in which we have significant operations; and
• reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.
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The variety of risks and challenges listed above could also disrupt or otherwise negatively impact the supply chain operations for our hardware products segment
and the sales of our products and services in affected countries or regions.
As the majority shareholder of Oracle Financial Services Software Limited (OFSS), a publicly traded company in India, and Oracle Corporation Japan (NOKK), a
publicly traded company in Japan, we are faced with several additional risks, including being subject to local securities regulations and being unable to exert full
control that we would otherwise have if OFSS or NOKK were wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Acquisitions present many risks and we may not realize the financial and strategic goals that were contemplated at the time of a transaction. We continue to
invest billions of dollars to acquire companies, products, services and technologies. We have a selective and active acquisition program and we expect to continue
to make acquisitions in the future because acquisitions are an important element of our overall corporate strategy. Risks we may face in connection with our
acquisition program include:
• our ongoing business may be disrupted and our management’s attention may be diverted by acquisition, transition or integration activities;
• we may have difficulties (1) managing an acquired company’s technologies or lines of business; (2) entering new markets where we have no or limited
direct prior experience or where competitors may have stronger market positions; or (3) retaining key personnel from the acquired companies;
• an acquisition may not further our business strategy as we expected, we may not integrate an acquired company or technology as successfully as we
expected, we may impose our business practices or alter go-to-market strategies that adversely impact the acquired business or we may overpay for, or
otherwise not realize the expected return on, our investments, which could adversely affect our business or operating results and potentially cause
impairment to assets that we recorded as a part of an acquisition including intangible assets and goodwill;
• our operating results or financial condition may be adversely impacted by claims or liabilities that we assume from an acquired company or technology or
that are otherwise related to an acquisition, including, among others, claims from government agencies, terminated employees, current or former
customers, former stockholders or other third parties; pre-existing contractual relationships of an acquired company that we would not have otherwise
entered into, the termination or modification of which may be costly or disruptive to our business; unfavorable revenue recognition or other accounting
treatment as a result of an acquired company’s practices; and intellectual property claims or disputes;
• we may fail to identify or assess the magnitude of certain liabilities, shortcomings or other circumstances prior to acquiring a company or technology,
which could result in unexpected litigation or regulatory exposure, unfavorable accounting treatment, unexpected increases in taxes due, a loss of
anticipated tax benefits or other adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition;
• we may not realize the anticipated increase in our revenues from an acquisition for a number of reasons, including if a larger than predicted number of
customers decline to renew software or hardware support contracts or cloud-based subscription contracts, if we are unable to sell the acquired products or
service offerings to our customer base or if contract models of an acquired company do not allow us to recognize revenues on a timely basis;
• we may have difficulty incorporating acquired technologies, products, services and their related supply chain operations with our existing lines of
business and supply chain infrastructure and maintaining uniform standards, architecture, controls, procedures and policies;
• we may have multiple product lines or services offerings as a result of our acquisitions that are offered, priced and supported differently, which could
cause customer confusion and delays;
• we may have higher than anticipated costs in continuing support and development of acquired products or services, in general and administrative
functions that support new business models, or in compliance with associated regulations that are more complicated than we had anticipated;
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• we may be unable to obtain timely approvals from, or may otherwise have certain limitations, restrictions, penalties or other sanctions imposed on us by,
worker councils or similar bodies under applicable employment laws as a result of an acquisition, which could adversely affect our integration plans in
certain jurisdictions and potentially increase our integration and restructuring expenses;
• we may be unable to obtain required approvals from governmental authorities under competition and antitrust laws on a timely basis, if at all, which
could, among other things, delay or prevent us from completing a transaction, otherwise restrict our ability to realize the expected financial or strategic
goals of an acquisition or have other adverse effects on our current business and operations;
• our use of cash to pay for acquisitions may limit other potential uses of our cash, including stock repurchases, dividend payments and retirement of
outstanding indebtedness;
• we may significantly increase our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay for an acquisition and we
may have to delay or not proceed with a substantial acquisition if we cannot obtain the necessary funding to complete the acquisition in a timely manner
or on favorable terms;
• to the extent that we issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with future acquisitions, existing stockholders may be diluted and
earnings per share may decrease; and
• we may experience additional or unexpected changes in how we are required to account for our acquisitions pursuant to U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles, including arrangements that we assume from an acquisition.
The occurrence of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, particularly in the
case of a larger acquisition or several concurrent acquisitions.
Our hardware revenues and profitability could decline if we do not manage the risks associated with our hardware business. Our hardware business may
adversely affect our overall profitability if we do not effectively manage the associated risks. We may not achieve our estimated revenue, profit or other financial
projections with respect to our hardware business in a timely manner or at all due to a number of factors, including:
• demand for competing hardware technologies such as cloud infrastructure compute and storage services, which could adversely affect demand for our
hardware products offerings;
• our hardware business has higher expenses as a percentage of revenues, and thus has been less profitable, than our cloud and on-premise software
business;
• our focus on our more profitable Oracle Engineered Systems, such as our Oracle Exadata Database Machine, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, Oracle
Exalytics In-Memory Machine and Oracle SuperCluster products, which are in the relatively early stages of adoption by our customers, and the de-
emphasis of our lower profit margin commodity hardware products, which could adversely affect our hardware revenues because the lower profit
products have historically constituted a larger portion of our hardware revenues;
• as we develop and introduce new versions or next generations of our hardware products, customers may defer or delay purchases of existing hardware
products and wait for these new releases, all of which could adversely affect our hardware revenues in the short term;
• a greater risk of material charges that could adversely affect our operating results, such as potential write-downs and impairments of our inventories;
higher warranty expenses than what we experience in our cloud and on-premise software and services businesses; and amortization and potential
impairment of intangible assets associated with our hardware business;
• we may not be able to increase sales of hardware support contracts or such increase may take longer than we anticipate, which could result in lower
revenues and profitability, or slower than expected growth of such revenues and profitability; and
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• we may acquire hardware companies that are strategically important to us but (1) operate in hardware businesses with historically lower operating
margins than our own; (2) have different legacy business practices and go-to-market strategies than our own that we may alter as a part of our integration
efforts, which may significantly impact our estimated revenues and profits from the acquired company; (3) leverage different platforms or competing
technologies that we may encounter difficulties in integrating; or (4) utilize unique manufacturing processes that affect our ability to scale these acquired
products within our own manufacturing operations.
Our hardware offerings are complex products, and if we cannot successfully manage this complexity, the results of our hardware business will suffer.
Designing, developing, manufacturing and introducing new hardware products are complicated processes. The development process for our hardware products is
uncertain and requires a high level of innovation. After the development phase, we must be able to forecast customer demand and manufacture new hardware
products in sufficient volumes to meet this demand and do so in a cost-effective manner. Our “build-to-order” manufacturing model, in which our hardware
products generally are not built until after customers place orders, may from time to time experience delays in delivering our hardware products to customers in a
timely manner. These delays could cause our customers to purchase hardware products and services from our competitors. We must also manage new hardware
product introductions and transitions to minimize the impact of customer delayed purchases of existing hardware products in anticipation of new hardware product
releases. It is also possible that we could experience design or manufacturing flaws, which could delay or prevent the production of the components for which we
have previously committed to pay or need to fulfill orders from customers and could also prevent the production of our hardware products or cause our hardware
products to be returned, recalled or rejected resulting in lost revenues, increases in warranty costs or costs related to remediation efforts, damage to our reputation,
penalties and litigation.
We depend on suppliers to design, develop, manufacture and deliver on a timely basis the necessary technologies and components for our hardware products, and
there are some technologies and components that can only be purchased from a single vendor due to price, quality, technology, availability or other business
constraints. As a result, our supply chain operations could be disrupted or negatively impacted by industry consolidation, natural disasters, political unrest, port
stoppages or other transportation disruptions or slowdowns or other factors affecting the countries or regions where these single source component vendors are
located or where the products are being shipped. We may be unable to purchase these items from the respective single vendors on acceptable terms or may
experience significant delays or quality issues in the delivery of necessary technologies, parts or components from a particular vendor. If we had to find a new
supplier for these technologies, parts and components, hardware product shipments could be delayed, which would adversely affect our hardware revenues. We
could also experience fluctuations in component prices which, if unanticipated, could negatively impact our hardware business cost structure. Additionally, we
could experience changes in shipping and logistics of our hardware products, which could result in fluctuations in prices and negatively impact our hardware
margins. These factors may make it difficult for us to plan and procure appropriate component inventory levels in a timely fashion to meet customer demand for
our hardware products. Therefore, we may experience component inventory shortages which may result in production delays or customers choosing to purchase
fewer hardware products from us or hardware products from our competitors. We negotiate supply commitments with vendors early in the manufacturing process
to ensure we have sufficient technologies and components for our hardware products to meet anticipated customer demand. We must also manage our levels of
older component inventories used in our hardware products to minimize inventory write-offs or write-downs. If we have excess inventory, it may be necessary to
write-down the inventory, which would adversely affect our operating results. If one or more of the risks described above occurs, our hardware business and related
operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
We are susceptible to third-party manufacturing and logistics delays, which could result in the loss of sales and customers. We outsource the design,
manufacturing, assembly and delivery of certain of our hardware products to a variety of companies, many of which are located outside the United States. Our
reliance on these third parties reduces our control over the manufacturing and delivery process, exposing us to risks, including reduced control over quality
assurance, product costs, product supply and delivery delays as well as the political and economic uncertainties and natural disasters of the international locations
where certain of these third-party
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manufacturers have facilities and operations. Some countries may raise national security concerns or impose market access restrictions based on location of
manufacture or sourcing. Any manufacturing disruption or logistics delays by these third parties could impair our ability to fulfill orders for these hardware
products for extended periods of time. If we are unable to manage our relationships with these third parties effectively, or if these third parties experience delays,
disruptions, capacity constraints, regulatory issues or quality control problems in their operations, or fail to meet our future requirements for timely delivery, our
ability to ship and deliver certain of our hardware products to our customers could be impaired and our hardware business could be harmed.
We have simplified our supply chain processes by reducing the number of third-party manufacturing partners and the number of locations where these third-party
manufacturers build our hardware products. We therefore have become more dependent on a fewer number of these manufacturing partners and locations. If these
partners experience production problems or delays or cannot meet our demand for products, we may not be able to find alternate manufacturing sources in a timely
or cost-effective manner, if at all. If we are required to change third-party manufacturers, our ability to meet our scheduled hardware products deliveries to our
customers could be adversely affected, which could cause the loss of sales and existing or potential customers, delayed revenue recognition or an increase in our
hardware products expenses, all of which could adversely affect the margins of our hardware business.
These challenges and risks also exist when we acquire companies with hardware products and related supply chain operations. In some cases, we may be
dependent, at least initially, on these acquired companies’ supply chain operations that we are less familiar with and thus we may be slower to adjust or react to
these challenges and risks.
Our software and hardware indirect sales channel could affect our future operating results. Our software and hardware indirect channel network is comprised
primarily of resellers, system integrators/implementers, consultants, education providers, internet service providers, network integrators and independent software
vendors. Our relationships with these channel participants are important elements of our software and hardware marketing and sales efforts. Our financial results
could be adversely affected if our contracts with channel participants were terminated, if our relationships with channel participants were to deteriorate, if any of
our competitors enter into strategic relationships with or acquire a significant channel participant, if the financial condition or operations of our channel participants
were to weaken or if the level of demand for our channel participants’ products and services were to decrease. There can be no assurance that we will be successful
in maintaining, expanding or developing our relationships with channel participants. If we are not successful, we may lose sales opportunities, customers and
revenues.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights. We rely on copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures,
controls and contractual commitments to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our efforts, these protections may be limited. Unauthorized third parties
may try to copy or reverse engineer portions of our products or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property. Any patents owned by us may be invalidated,
circumvented or challenged. Any of our pending or future patent applications, whether or not being currently challenged, may not be issued with the scope of the
claims we seek, if at all. In addition, the laws of some countries do not provide the same level of protection of our intellectual property rights as do the laws and
courts of the United States. If we cannot protect our intellectual property rights against unauthorized copying or use, or other misappropriation, we may not remain
competitive.
Third parties have claimed and, in the future, may claim infringement or misuse of intellectual property rights and/or breach of license agreement provisions.
We periodically receive notices from, or have lawsuits filed against us by, others claiming infringement or other misuse of their intellectual property rights
and/or breach of our agreements with them. These third parties include entities that do not have the capabilities to design, manufacture, or distribute products or
services or that acquire intellectual property like patents for the sole purpose of monetizing their acquired intellectual property through asserting claims of
infringement and misuse. We expect to continue to receive such claims as:
• we continue to acquire companies and expand into new businesses;
• the number of products and competitors in our industry segments grows;
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• the use and support of third-party code (including open source code) becomes more prevalent in the industry;
• the volume of issued patents continues to increase; and
• the proliferation of non-practicing entities asserting intellectual property infringement claims increases.
Responding to any such claim, regardless of its validity, could:
• be time consuming, costly and result in litigation;
• divert management’s time and attention from developing our business;
• require us to pay monetary damages or enter into royalty and licensing agreements that we would not normally find acceptable;
• require us to stop selling or to redesign certain of our products;
• require us to release source code to third parties, possibly under open source license terms;
• require us to satisfy indemnification obligations to our customers; or
• otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Our periodic workforce restructurings, including reorganizations of our sales force, can be disruptive. We have in the past restructured or made other
adjustments to our workforce, including our direct sales force on which we rely heavily, in response to management changes, product changes, performance issues,
change in strategies, acquisitions and other internal and external considerations. In the past, these types of sales force restructurings have resulted in increased
restructuring costs, increased sales and marketing costs and temporary reduced productivity while the sales teams adjusted to their new roles and responsibilities. In
addition, we may not achieve or sustain the expected growth or cost savings benefits of these restructurings, or do so within the expected timeframe. These effects
could recur in connection with future acquisitions and other restructurings and our revenues and other results of operations could be negatively affected.
We may lose key employees or may be unable to hire enough qualified employees. We rely on hiring qualified employees and the continued service of our
senior management, including our Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Technology Officer and founder, our Chief Executive Officers, other members of our
executive team and other key employees. In the technology industry, there is substantial and continuous competition for highly skilled business, product
development, technical and other personnel. We may also experience increased compensation costs that are not offset by either improved productivity or higher
sales. We may not be successful in recruiting new personnel and in retaining and motivating existing personnel. With rare exceptions, we do not have long-term
employment or non-competition agreements with our employees. Members of our senior management team have left Oracle over the years for a variety of reasons,
and we cannot assure you that there will not be additional departures, which may be disruptive to our operations.
We continually focus on improving our cost structure by hiring personnel in countries where advanced technical expertise and other expertise are available at lower
costs. When we make adjustments to our workforce, we may incur expenses associated with workforce reductions that delay the benefit of a more efficient
workforce structure. We may also experience increased competition for employees in these countries as the trend toward globalization continues, which may affect
our employee retention efforts and increase our expenses in an effort to offer a competitive compensation program.
Our general compensation program includes restricted stock units, performance stock units and stock options, which are important tools in attracting and retaining
employees in our industry. If our stock price performs poorly, it may adversely affect our ability to retain or attract employees. We continually evaluate our
compensation practices and consider changes from time to time, such as reducing the number of employees granted equity awards or the number of equity awards
granted per employee and granting alternative forms of stock-based compensation, which may have an impact on our ability to retain employees and the amount of
stock-based compensation expense that we record. Any changes in our compensation practices or those of our competitors could affect our ability to retain and
motivate existing personnel and recruit new personnel.
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Our sales to government clients expose us to business volatility and risks, including government budgeting cycles and appropriations, early termination, audits,
investigations, sanctions and penalties. We derive revenues from contracts with the U.S. government, state and local governments, and foreign governments and
their respective agencies, which may terminate most of these contracts at any time, without cause. There is increased pressure on governments and their agencies,
both domestically and internationally, to reduce spending. Further, our U.S. federal government contracts are subject to the approval of appropriations made by the
U.S. Congress to fund the expenditures under these contracts. Similarly, our contracts with U.S. state and local governments, foreign governments and their
agencies are generally subject to government funding authorizations. Additionally, government contracts are generally subject to audits and investigations which
could result in various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, refund of a portion of fees received, forfeiture
of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspensions or debarment from future government business.
We may not receive significant revenues from our current research and development efforts for several years, if at all. Developing software, cloud and
hardware offerings is expensive and the investment in the development of these offerings often involves a long return on investment cycle. An important element of
our corporate strategy is to continue to make significant investments in research and development and related product and service opportunities both through
internal investments and the acquisition of intellectual property from companies that we have acquired. Accelerated product and service introductions and short
software and hardware life cycles require high levels of expenditures for research and development that could adversely affect our operating results if not offset by
revenue increases. We believe that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to our research and development efforts to maintain our
competitive position. However, we do not expect to receive significant revenues from these investments for several years, if at all.
Business disruptions could adversely affect our operating results. A significant portion of our critical business operations are concentrated in a few geographic
areas. We are a highly automated business and a disruption or failure of our systems could cause delays in completing sales and providing services, including some
of our cloud offerings. A major earthquake, fire or other catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business or IT systems
could severely affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and, as a result, our future operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
Adverse litigation results could affect our business. We are subject to various legal proceedings. Litigation can be lengthy, expensive and disruptive to our
operations, and can divert our management’s attention away from running our core business. The results of our litigation also cannot be predicted with certainty.
An adverse decision could result in monetary damages or injunctive relief that could affect our business, operating results or financial condition. Additional
information regarding certain of the lawsuits we are involved in is discussed under Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in
this Annual Report.
We may have exposure to additional tax liabilities. As a multinational corporation, we are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes, in both
the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax
liabilities. We are regularly under audit by tax authorities and those authorities often do not agree with positions taken by us on our tax returns.
Changes in tax laws or tax rulings may have a significantly adverse impact on our effective tax rate. For example, the United States, many countries in the EU, and
other countries where we do business, are actively considering or have enacted changes in relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations and interpretations,
including changes to tax laws applicable to corporate multinationals, which could have a significant adverse impact on our effective tax rate. Further, in the
ordinary course of a global business, there are many intercompany transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Our
intercompany transfer pricing has been and is currently being reviewed by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and by foreign tax jurisdictions and will likely
be subject to additional audits in the future. Although we have negotiated certain unilateral Advance Pricing Agreements with the IRS and certain selected bilateral
Advance Pricing Agreements that cover some of our intercompany transfer pricing issues and preclude the relevant tax authorities from making a transfer pricing
adjustment within the scope of these agreements, these agreements do not cover
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substantial elements of our transfer pricing. In recent periods, transfer pricing audits in many foreign jurisdictions have become increasingly contentious. Similarly,
certain jurisdictions are increasingly raising concerns about certain withholding tax matters. In addition, our provision for income taxes could be adversely affected
by earnings being lower than anticipated in jurisdictions which we consider to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States that have lower statutory tax rates
and earnings being higher than anticipated in jurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates.
We are also subject to non-income based taxes, such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, net worth, property and goods and services taxes, in both the United States
and various foreign jurisdictions. We are regularly under audit by tax authorities with respect to these non-income based taxes and may have exposure to additional
non-income based tax liabilities. Our acquisition activities have increased our non-income based tax exposures, particularly with our entry into the hardware
business, which increased the volume and complexity of laws and regulations that we are subject to and with which we must comply.
Although we believe that our income and non-income based tax estimates are reasonable, there is no assurance that the final determination of tax audits or tax
disputes will not be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals.
Charges to earnings resulting from acquisitions may adversely affect our operating results. Under business combination accounting standards pursuant to ASC
805, Business
Combinations
, we recognize the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interests in acquired companies
generally at their acquisition date fair values and, in each case, separately from goodwill. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess amount of
consideration transferred, which is also generally measured at fair value, and the net of the acquisition date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the
liabilities assumed. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable but which are inherently uncertain. After we complete an
acquisition, the following factors could result in material charges and adversely affect our operating results and may adversely affect our cash flows:
• costs incurred to combine the operations of companies we acquire, such as transitional employee expenses and employee retention, redeployment or
relocation expenses;
• impairment of goodwill, in particular within our consulting reporting unit, or impairment of intangible assets, both asset types of which have increased in
recent years due to our acquisitions and may continue to increase in the future;
• amortization of intangible assets acquired;
• a reduction in the useful lives of intangible assets acquired;
• identification of, or changes to, assumed contingent liabilities, both income tax and non-income tax related, after our final determination of the amounts
for these contingencies or the conclusion of the measurement period (generally up to one year from the acquisition date), whichever comes first;
• charges to our operating results to maintain certain duplicative pre-merger activities for an extended period of time or to maintain these activities for a
period of time that is longer than we had anticipated, charges to eliminate certain duplicative pre-merger activities, and charges to restructure our
operations or to reduce our cost structure;
• charges to our operating results due to expenses incurred to effect the acquisition; and
• charges to our operating results due to the expensing of certain stock awards assumed in an acquisition.
Substantially all of these costs will be accounted for as expenses that will decrease our net income and earnings per share for the periods in which those costs are
incurred. For example, we recognized a goodwill impairment loss in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 relating to our hardware reporting unit. Charges to our
operating results in any given period could differ substantially from other periods based on the timing and size of our future acquisitions and the extent of
integration activities. A more detailed discussion of our accounting for business combinations and other items is presented in the “Critical Accounting Policies and
Estimates” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Item 7).
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There are risks associated with our outstanding and future indebtedness. As of May 31, 2016, we had an aggregate of $43.9 billion of outstanding
indebtedness that will mature between calendar year 2016 and calendar year 2055 and we may incur additional indebtedness in the future. Our ability to pay
interest and repay the principal for our indebtedness is dependent upon our ability to manage our business operations, generate sufficient cash flows to service such
debt and the other factors discussed in this section. There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage any of these risks successfully.
We may also need to refinance a portion of our outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that we may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of
any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in
higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. Should we incur future increases in interest
expense, our ability to utilize certain of our foreign tax credits to reduce our U.S. federal income tax could be limited, which could unfavorably affect our provision
for income taxes and effective tax rate. In addition, changes by any rating agency to our outlook or credit rating could negatively affect the value of both our debt
and equity securities and increase the interest amounts we pay on certain outstanding or future debt. These risks could adversely affect our financial condition and
results of operations.
Environmental and other related laws and regulations subject us to a number of risks and could result in significant liabilities and costs. Some of our cloud
and hardware operations are subject to state, federal and international laws governing protection of the environment, proper handling and disposal of materials used
for these products, human health and safety, the use of certain chemical substances and the labor practices of suppliers. We endeavor to comply with these
environmental and other laws, yet compliance with these environmental and other laws could increase our product design, development, procurement,
manufacturing, delivery, cloud operations and administration costs, limit our ability to manage excess and obsolete non-compliant inventory, change our sales
activities, or otherwise impact future financial results of our cloud and hardware businesses. Any violation of these laws can subject us to significant liability,
including fines, penalties and possible prohibition of sales of our products and services into one or more states or countries and result in a material adverse effect on
the financial condition or results of operations of our cloud and hardware businesses.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted disclosure requirements for companies that use certain “conflict minerals” (commonly referred to as
tantalum, tin, tungsten and gold) in their products. Our supply chain is multi-tiered, global and highly complex. As a provider of hardware end products, we are
several steps removed from the mining and smelting or refining of any conflict minerals in our supply chain. Accordingly, our ability to determine with certainty
the origin and chain of custody of conflict minerals is limited. Our relationships with customers and suppliers could suffer if we are unable to describe our products
as “conflict-free.” We may also face increased costs in complying with conflict minerals disclosure requirements.
A significant portion of our hardware revenues come from international sales. Environmental legislation, such as the EU Directive on Restriction of Hazardous
Substances (RoHS), the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) and China’s regulation on Management Methods for
Controlling Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products, may increase our cost of doing business internationally and impact our hardware revenues from
the EU, China and other countries with similar environmental legislation as we endeavor to comply with and implement these requirements. The cumulative impact
of international environmental legislation could be significant.
Our stock price could become more volatile and your investment could lose value. All of the factors discussed in this section could affect our stock price. The
timing of announcements in the public market regarding new products, product enhancements or technological advances by our competitors or us and any
announcements by us of acquisitions, major transactions, or management changes could also affect our stock price. Changes in the amounts and frequency of share
repurchases or dividends could adversely affect our stock price. Our stock price is subject to speculation in the press and the analyst community, changes in
recommendations or earnings estimates by financial analysts, changes in investors’ or analysts’ valuation measures for our stock, our credit ratings and market
trends unrelated to our performance. A significant drop in our stock price could also expose us to the risk of securities class actions lawsuits, which could result in
substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
Our properties consist of owned and leased office facilities for sales, support, research and development, services, manufacturing, cloud operations and
administrative and other functions. Our headquarters facility consists of approximately 2.0 million square feet in Redwood City, California, substantially all of
which we own. We also own or lease other facilities for current use consisting of approximately 25.1 million square feet in various other locations in the United
States and abroad. Approximately 2.6 million square feet, or 10%, of our total owned and leased space is sublet or is being actively marketed for sublease or
disposition. We lease our principal internal manufacturing facility for our hardware products in Hillsboro, Oregon. Our cloud operations deliver our Oracle Cloud
offerings through the use of global data centers including those that we own and operate in Austin, Texas, West Jordan, Utah, and Linlithgow, Scotland and those
that we utilize through colocation suppliers. We believe our facilities are in good condition and suitable for the conduct of our business.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The material set forth in Note 15 (pertaining to information regarding contingencies related to our income taxes) and Note 18 (pertaining to information regarding
legal contingencies) of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
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PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ORCL.” According to the records of our transfer agent, we had 10,869
stockholders of record as of May 31, 2016. The following table sets forth the low and high sale prices per share of our common stock, based on the last daily sale,
in each of our last eight fiscal quarters.
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fiscal 2016
Fiscal 2015
Low Sale
Price
$ 37.76
$ 33.94
$ 35.44
$ 35.45
High Sale
Price
$ 41.61
$ 39.23
$ 40.62
$ 44.91
Low Sale
Price
$ 41.47
$ 39.95
$ 37.56
$ 39.61
High Sale
Price
$ 44.73
$ 46.23
$ 42.41
$ 42.81
We declared and paid cash dividends totaling $0.60 and $0.51 per outstanding common share over the course of fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively.
In June 2016, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share of our outstanding common stock payable on July 27, 2016 to
stockholders of record as of the close of business on July 6, 2016. We currently expect to continue paying comparable cash dividends on a quarterly basis; however,
future declarations of dividends and the establishment of future record and payment dates are subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors.
For equity compensation plan information, please refer to Item 12 in Part III of this Annual Report.
Stock Repurchase Programs
Our Board of Directors has approved a program for us to repurchase shares of our common stock. On March 15, 2016, we announced that our Board of Directors
approved an expansion of our stock repurchase program by an additional $10.0 billion. As of May 31, 2016, approximately $8.8 billion remained available for
stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program.
Our stock repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and the pace of our repurchase activity will depend on factors such as our working capital
needs, our cash requirements for acquisitions and dividend payments, our debt repayment obligations or repurchases of our debt, our stock price, and economic and
market conditions. Our stock repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan. Our stock
repurchase program may be accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time.
The following table summarizes the stock repurchase activity for the three months ended May 31, 2016 and the approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be
purchased pursuant to our stock repurchase program:
(in millions, except per share amounts)
March 1, 2016—March 31, 2016
April 1, 2016—April 30, 2016
May 1, 2016—May 31, 2016
Total
Average Price
Paid per
Share
$
$
$
$
39.50
40.80
39.69
39.98
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Program
16.9
15.8
16.5
49.2
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the Program
10,142.4
$
9,496.6
$
8,840.6
$
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased
16.9
15.8
16.5
49.2
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Stock Performance Graph and Cumulative Total Return
The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Index and the S&P
Information Technology Index for each of the last five fiscal years ended May 31, 2016, assuming an investment of $100 at the beginning of such period and the
reinvestment of any dividends. The comparisons in the graphs below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, future
performance of our common stock.
Oracle Corporation
S&P 500 Index
S&P Information Technology Index
*$100 INVESTED ON MAY 31, 2011 IN STOCK OR
INDEX-INCLUDING REINVESTMENT OF DIVIDENDS
5/11
5/12
5/13
5/14
5/15
5/16
100.00 77.98 100.48 126.70 132.75 124.63
100.00 99.59 126.75 152.67 170.69 173.62
100.00 107.57 123.83 153.42 182.29 187.97
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth selected financial data as of and for our last five fiscal years. This selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 15 of this Annual Report. Over our last five fiscal years, we have acquired a number of
companies, including MICROS Systems, Inc. in fiscal 2015, among others. The results of our acquired companies have been included in our consolidated financial
statements since their respective dates of acquisition and have contributed to our revenues, income, earnings per share and total assets.
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Total revenues
Operating income
Net income
Earnings per share—diluted
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
Cash dividends declared per common share
Consolidated Balance Sheets Data:
Working capital
(2)
Total assets
Notes payable and other borrowings
(3)
(2)
2016
(1)
As of and for the Year Ended May 31,
2013
2014
2015
(1)
$
$
$
$
$
37,047 $
12,604 $
8,901 $
2.07 $
4,305
0.60 $
38,226 $ 38,275 $ 37,180 $
13,871 $ 14,759 $ 14,684 $
9,938 $ 10,955 $ 10,925 $
2.26 $
2.38 $
2.21 $
4,844
4,604
4,503
0.30 $
0.48 $
0.51 $
2012
37,121
13,706
9,981
1.96
5,095
0.24
47,105 $
$
24,630
$ 112,180 $ 110,903 $ 90,266 $ 81,745 $ 78,274
16,421
$
41,958 $ 24,097 $ 18,427 $
47,892 $ 33,739 $ 28,813 $
43,855 $
(1)
(2)
(3)
Our results of operations for fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015, and fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014, were significantly impacted by movements in international currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar,
which decreased our fiscal 2016 and 2015 total revenues by 5 and 4 percentage points, respectively, total operating expenses by 4 and 3 percentage points, respectively, and total operating income by 7 and 6
percentage points, respectively, in comparison to the corresponding prior year periods.
Total working capital and total assets sequentially increased in nearly all periods presented primarily due to the favorable impacts to our net current assets resulting from our net income generated during all
periods presented and the issuances of long-term senior notes of $20.0 billion in fiscal 2015, €2.0 billion and $3.0 billion in fiscal 2014 and $5.0 billion in fiscal 2013. Our total assets were also favorably
impacted by the issuance of $3.8 billion of short term borrowings in fiscal 2016. These increases were partially offset by cash used for acquisitions, repurchases of our common stock, dividend payments and
capital expenditures made in all periods presented and the repayments of certain of our senior notes in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2013.
Our notes payable and other borrowings, which represented the summation of our notes payable, current and other current borrowings, and notes payable and other non-current borrowings as reported per our
consolidated balance sheets as of the dates listed in the table above, increased between fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2016 due to the issuances of $3.8 billion of short-term borrowings made pursuant to our revolving
credit agreements in fiscal 2016, and the issuances of long-term senior notes of $20.0 billion in fiscal 2015, €2.0 billion and $3.0 billion in fiscal 2014, and $5.0 billion in fiscal 2013. See Note 8 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information regarding our notes payable and other borrowings.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We begin Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations with an overview of our businesses, key operating segments
and significant trends. This overview is followed by a summary of our critical accounting policies and estimates that we believe are important to understanding the
assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results. We then provide a more detailed analysis of our results of operations and financial
condition.
Business Overview
Oracle Corporation provides products and services that address all aspects of corporate information technology (IT) environments—application, platform and
infrastructure. Our Oracle Cloud offerings provide a comprehensive and fully integrated stack of application, platform, compute and storage services in all three
primary layers of the cloud: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Our on-premise offerings include
Oracle database and middleware software, application software, hardware (Oracle Engineered Systems, servers, storage, networking and industry-specific
products), and related support and services. We provide our cloud and on-premise offerings to over 400,000 worldwide customers via deployment models that best
suit their needs.
Our comprehensive and fully integrated stack of SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings integrate the software, hardware and services on the customers’ behalf in IT
environments that we deploy, support and manage for the customer. Our integrated Oracle Cloud offerings are designed to be rapidly deployable to enable
customers shorter time to innovation; easily maintainable to reduce integration and testing work; connectable among differing deployment models to enable
interchangeability and extendibility between cloud and on-premise IT environments; compatible to easily move workloads between on-premise IT environments
and the Oracle Cloud; cost-effective by requiring lower upfront customer investment; and secure, standards-based and reliable. We are a leader in the core
technologies of cloud IT environments, including database and middleware software as well as enterprise applications, virtualization, clustering, large-scale
systems management and related infrastructure. Our products and services are the building blocks of our Oracle Cloud services, our partners’ cloud services and
our customers’ cloud IT environments.
In addition to providing a broad spectrum of cloud offerings, we develop and sell our products and services to our customers worldwide for use in their global data
centers and on-premise IT environments. An important element of our corporate strategy is to continue our investments in, and innovation with respect to, our
products and services that we offer through our cloud and on-premise software, hardware and services businesses. We have a deep understanding as to how all
components within IT environments—application, platform and infrastructure—interact and function with one another. We focus our development efforts on
improving the performance, security, operation and integration of these differing technologies to make them more cost-effective and easier to deploy, manage and
maintain for our customers and to improve their computing performance relative to our competitors. After the initial purchase of Oracle products and services, our
customers can continue to take advantage of our research and development investments and deep IT expertise by purchasing and renewing Oracle support
offerings, which may include product enhancements that we periodically deliver to our Oracle E-Business Suite, Siebel, PeopleSoft and JD Edwards application
software products, among others, or by renewing their SaaS, PaaS and IaaS contracts with us.
As customers deploy with the Oracle Cloud, many are adopting a hybrid IT model whereby certain of their IT resources are deployed and managed through the
Oracle Cloud, while other of their IT resources are deployed and managed on-premise, and both sets of resources can be managed as one. We focus the engineering
of our products and services to best connect these different deployment models to enable flexibility, ease, agility, compatibility, extensibility and seamlessness.
A selective and active acquisition program is another important element of our corporate strategy. We believe our acquisitions enhance the products and services
that we can offer to customers, expand our customer base, provide greater scale to accelerate innovation, grow our revenues and earnings, and increase stockholder
value. In recent years, we have invested billions of dollars to acquire a number of companies, products, services and
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technologies that add to, are complementary to, or have otherwise enhanced our existing offerings. We expect to continue to acquire companies, products, services
and technologies to further our corporate strategy.
We have three businesses that deliver our application, platform and infrastructure technologies: cloud and on-premise software, hardware and services. These
businesses can be further divided into certain operating segments (Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included elsewhere in this Annual
Report, provides additional information related to our operating segments). Each of our businesses and operating segments has unique characteristics and faces
different opportunities and challenges. Although we report our actual results in U.S. Dollars, we conduct a significant number of transactions in currencies other
than U.S. Dollars. Therefore, we present constant currency information to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding
the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations. An overview of our three businesses and related operating segments follows.
Cloud and On-Premise Software Business
Our cloud and on-premise software business, which represented 78%, 77% and 76% of our total revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, is comprised
of three operating segments: (1) cloud software and on-premise software, (2) cloud IaaS and (3) software license updates and product support. On a constant
currency basis, we expect that our cloud and on-premise software business’ total revenues generally will continue to increase due to continued demand for our
software products, expected growth in our cloud and software license updates and product support offerings, including the high percentage of customers that renew
their software license updates and product support contracts, and contributions from our acquisitions, which should allow us to grow and continue to make
investments in research and development.
Cloud Software and On-Premise Software: Our cloud software and on-premise software line of business markets, sells and delivers a broad spectrum of
application and platform technologies through our SaaS and PaaS offerings, which are certain of our software applications and platforms that are delivered via a
cloud-based IT environment that we host, manage and support, and through the licensing of our software products including Oracle Applications, Oracle Database,
Oracle Fusion Middleware and Java, among others.
We believe the comprehensiveness and breadth of our SaaS, PaaS and on-premise software offerings provides greater benefit to our customers and differentiates us
from many of our competitors that offer more limited or specialized software offerings. Our SaaS and PaaS offerings are designed to be interoperable with one
another, thereby limiting the integration and tuning of multiple cloud applications from multiple vendors. Our SaaS and PaaS offerings are designed to deliver
secure data isolation and flexible upgrades, self-service access controls for users, a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) for integration with on-premise systems,
and a high performance, high availability infrastructure based on our infrastructure technologies including Oracle Engineered Systems. Our on-premise software
offerings are substantially designed to operate on both single server and clustered server configurations for cloud or on-premise IT environments, and to support a
choice of operating systems including Oracle Solaris, Oracle Linux, Microsoft Windows and third-party UNIX products, among others. Our commitment to
industry standards results in software offerings that work in customer environments with Oracle or non-Oracle hardware or software components and that can be
adapted to meet specific industry or business needs. We focus the engineering of our products and services to best connect cloud and on-premise deployment
models to enable flexibility, ease, agility, compatibility, extensibility and seamlessness. All of these approaches are designed to support customer choice and reduce
customer risk. Our customers include businesses of many sizes, government agencies, educational institutions and resellers. We market and sell our software
offerings to these customers with a sales force positioned to offer the combinations that best fit customer needs. We enable customers to evolve and transform to
substantially any IT environment at whatever pace is most appropriate for them.
Our SaaS and PaaS revenues and new software licenses revenues are affected by the strength of general economic and business conditions, governmental budgetary
constraints, the strategy for and competitive position of our software offerings, our acquisitions, our ability to deliver and renew our SaaS and PaaS contracts with
our existing customers and foreign currency rate fluctuations. In recent periods, we have placed significant strategic emphasis on growing our cloud SaaS and PaaS
revenues, which has affected the growth of our cloud SaaS and
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PaaS revenues and our new software licenses revenues and the related expenses. We expect these trends will continue. Our SaaS and PaaS arrangements are
generally one to three years in duration and we strive to renew these contracts when they are eligible for renewal. The substantial majority of our new software
license transactions are characterized by long sales cycles and the timing of a few large software license transactions can substantially affect our quarterly new
software licenses revenues.
Cloud software and on-premise software revenues represented 25%, 26% and 28% of our total revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our cloud
software and on-premise software segment’s margin has historically trended upward over the course of the four quarters within a particular fiscal year due to the
historical upward trend of our new software licenses revenues over those quarterly periods and because the majority of our costs for this segment are predominantly
fixed in the short term. As discussed further below under “Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges,” our cloud software and on-premise software
segment’s margin has been and will continue to be affected by the fair value adjustments relating to the cloud SaaS and PaaS obligations that we assumed in our
business combinations and by the amortization of intangible assets associated with companies and technologies that we have acquired.
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service: Our cloud IaaS segment, which represented 2% of our total revenues in each of fiscal 2016 and 2015, and 1% of our total
revenues in fiscal 2014, provides infrastructure cloud services that are enterprise-grade, hosted and supported within the Oracle Cloud to perform elastic compute,
storage and networking services on a subscription basis. Our cloud IaaS segment also offers Oracle Managed Cloud Services, which are comprehensive software
and hardware management and maintenance services for customer IT infrastructure for a fee for a stated term that are hosted at our Oracle data center facilities,
select partner data centers or physically on-premise at customer facilities.
Software License Updates and Product Support: Software license updates and product support revenues are generated through the sale of software support
contracts relating to on-premise new software licenses purchased by our customers. Customers that purchase software license updates and product support are
granted rights to unspecified product upgrades and maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period, as well as technical support
assistance. Our software license updates and product support contracts are generally one year in duration. Substantially all of our on-premise software license
customers renew their software license updates and product support contracts annually. The growth of software license updates and product support revenues is
primarily influenced by three factors: (1) the percentage of our software support contract customer base that renews its software support contracts, (2) the amount
of new software support contracts sold in connection with the sale of new software licenses and (3) the amount of software support contracts assumed from
companies we have acquired.
Software license updates and product support revenues, which represented 51%, 49% and 47% of our total revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, is
our highest margin business unit. Our software support margins during fiscal 2016 were 91% and accounted for 86% of our total margins over the same period. Our
software license updates and product support margins have been affected by fair value adjustments relating to software support obligations assumed in business
combinations and by the amortization of intangible assets, both of which are discussed further below under “Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges.”
Over the longer term, we believe that software license updates and product support revenues and margins will grow for the following reasons:
• substantially all of our on-premise new software license customers, including customers from acquired companies, renew their software support contracts
when eligible for renewal;
• substantially all of our customers purchase software license updates and product support contracts when they buy new software licenses, resulting in a
further increase in our software support contract base. Even if new software licenses revenues growth was flat, software license updates and product
support revenues would continue to grow in comparison to the corresponding prior year periods assuming contract renewal and cancellation rates and
foreign currency rates remained relatively constant, since substantially all new software licenses transactions result in the sale of software license updates
and product support contracts, which add to our software support contract base; and
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• our acquisitions have increased our software support contract base, as well as the portfolio of products available to be licensed and supported.
Hardware Business
Our hardware business is comprised of two operating segments: (1) hardware products and (2) hardware support. Our hardware business represented 13% of our
total revenues in fiscal 2016, and 14% of our total revenues in each of fiscal 2015 and 2014. We expect our hardware business to have lower operating margins as a
percentage of revenues than our cloud and on-premise software business due to the incremental costs we incur to produce and distribute these products and to
provide support services, including direct materials and labor costs. We expect to make investments in research and development to improve existing hardware
products and services and to develop new hardware products and services.
Hardware Products: We provide a broad selection of hardware and related services, including Oracle Engineered Systems, servers, storage, networking,
workstations and related devices, industry-specific hardware, virtualization software, operating systems, and management software to support diverse IT
environments, including cloud computing environments. We engineer our hardware products with virtualization and management capabilities to enable the rapid
deployment and efficient management of cloud and on-premise IT infrastructures. Our hardware products support many of the world’s largest cloud infrastructures,
including the Oracle Cloud.
Our hardware products are designed to be easier to deploy, manage and maintain for our customers and to improve computing performance relative to our
competitors’ offerings. We design our hardware products to seamlessly connect cloud and on-premise IT environments to further enable interoperability,
interchangeability and extendibility and to work in customer environments that may include other Oracle or non-Oracle hardware or software components. Our
flexible and open approach provides Oracle customers with a broad range of choices in how they deploy our hardware products, which we believe is a priority for
our customers.
Oracle Engineered Systems are core to our hardware offerings and are important elements of our data center and cloud computing offerings including the Oracle
Cloud. These pre-integrated products are designed to integrate multiple Oracle technology components to work together to deliver improved performance,
availability, security and operational efficiency relative to our competitors’ products; to be upgraded effectively and efficiently; and to simplify maintenance cycles
by providing a single solution for software patching. Oracle Engineered Systems are tested before they are shipped to customers and delivered ready-to-run,
enabling customers to shorten deployment time to production. We offer certain of our Oracle Engineered Systems technologies through flexible deployment
options including as a cloud service and for on-premise IT environments.
We offer a wide range of server products using our SPARC microprocessor. Our SPARC servers run the Oracle Solaris operating system and are designed to be
differentiated by their reliability, security, and scalability. Our mid-size and large servers are designed to offer better performance and lower total cost of ownership
than competitive UNIX systems for business critical applications, for customers having more computationally intensive needs, and as platforms for building cloud
computing IT environments. Our SPARC servers are also a core component of the Oracle SuperCluster, one of our Oracle Engineered Systems.
We also offer enterprise x86 servers. These x86 servers are based on microprocessors from Intel Corporation and are compatible with Oracle Solaris, Oracle Linux,
Microsoft Windows and other operating systems. Our x86 servers are also a core component of many of our Oracle Engineered Systems including the Oracle
Exadata Database Machine, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine and the Oracle Big Data Appliance.
Our storage products are engineered for the cloud and designed to securely store, manage, protect, archive, backup and recover customers’ mission critical data
assets. Our storage products consist of disk, flash, tape, virtual tape and hardware-related software including file systems software, back-up and archive software,
hierarchical storage management software and networking for mainframe and heterogeneous systems environments. We also offer certain of our storage offerings
as a cloud service.
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Our networking and data center fabric products, including Oracle Virtual Networking, and Oracle InfiniBand and Ethernet technologies, are used with our server
and storage products and are integrated into our management tools to help enterprise customers improve infrastructure performance, reduce cost and complexity
and simplify storage and server connectivity.
We offer hardware products and services designed for certain specific industries. Our point-of-sale hardware offerings include point-of-sale terminals and related
hardware that are designed for managing businesses within the food and beverage, hotel and retail industries, among others. Our hardware products and services for
communications networks include network signaling, policy control and subscriber data management solutions, and session border control technology, among
others.
The majority of our hardware products are sold through indirect channels, including independent distributors and value-added resellers.
To produce our hardware products, we rely on both our internal manufacturing operations as well as third-party manufacturing partners. Our internal manufacturing
operations consist primarily of materials procurement, assembly, testing and quality control of our Oracle Engineered Systems and certain of our enterprise and
data center servers and storage products. For all other manufacturing, we generally rely on third-party manufacturing partners to produce our hardware-related
components and hardware products and we may involve our internal manufacturing operations in the final assembly, testing and quality control processes for these
components and products. We distribute most of our hardware products either from our facilities or partner facilities. We strive to reduce costs by simplifying our
manufacturing processes through increased standardization of components across product types and a “build-to-order” manufacturing process in which products
generally are built only after customers have placed firm orders.
Our hardware products revenues, cost of hardware products and hardware operating margins that we report are affected by our strategy for and the competitive
position of our hardware products, the strength of general economic and business conditions, governmental budgetary constraints, certain of our acquisitions and
foreign currency rate fluctuations. In addition, our operating margins for our hardware products segment have been and will be affected by the amortization of
intangible assets.
Our quarterly hardware products revenues are difficult to predict. The timing of customer orders and delays in our ability to timely manufacture or deliver a few
large hardware transactions, among other factors, could substantially affect the amount of hardware products revenues, expenses and operating margins that we
report.
Hardware Support: Our hardware support offerings provide customers with software updates for software components that are essential to the functionality of
our hardware products, such as Oracle Solaris and certain other software products, and can include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support
services. Typically, our hardware support contract arrangements are priced as a percentage of the net hardware products fees, are invoiced to the customer at the
beginning of the support period and are one year in duration. We continue to evolve hardware support processes that are intended to proactively identify and solve
quality issues and to increase the amount of new and renewed hardware support contracts sold in connection with the sales of our hardware products. Our hardware
support revenues that we report are influenced by a number of factors, including the volume of purchases of hardware products, the pricing and mix of hardware
products purchased, whether customers decide to purchase hardware support contracts at or in close proximity to the time of hardware product sale, the percentage
of our hardware support contract customer base that renews its support contracts and our acquisitions. Substantially all of these factors are heavily influenced by
our customers’ decisions to either maintain or upgrade their existing hardware infrastructure to newly developed technologies that are available.
Our hardware support margins have been and will be affected by certain of our acquisitions and related accounting, including fair value adjustments relating to
hardware support obligations assumed and by the amortization of intangible assets, both of which are discussed further below under “Supplemental Disclosure
Related to Certain Charges.”
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Services Business
Our services business, which represented 9% of our total revenues in each of fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively, and 10% of our total revenues in fiscal 2014, is
comprised of the remainder of our operating segments. Our services business has lower margins than our cloud and on-premise software and hardware businesses.
Our services revenues are impacted by our strategy for and the competitive position of our services, certain of our acquisitions, general economic conditions,
governmental budgetary constraints, personnel reductions in our customers’ IT departments, tighter controls over discretionary spending, our strategic emphasis on
growing our cloud revenues and the growth in our software and hardware offerings. Our services business’ offerings include:
• consulting services that are designed to help our customers and global system integrator partners more successfully architect and deploy our offerings,
including IT strategy alignment, enterprise architecture planning and design, initial software implementation and integration, and ongoing software
enhancements and upgrades. We utilize a global, blended delivery model to optimize value for our customers and partners, consisting of on-premise
consultants from local geographies, industry specialists and consultants from our global delivery and solution centers;
• advanced customer support services, which are provided on-premise and remotely to our customers to enable increased performance and higher
availability of their Oracle products and services and also include certain other services; and
• education services for Oracle products and services, including training and certification programs that are offered to customers, partners and employees
through a variety of formats, including instructor-led classes at our education centers, live virtual training, self-paced online training, private events and
custom training.
Acquisitions
A selective and active acquisition program is another important element of our corporate strategy. In recent years, we have invested billions of dollars to acquire a
number of complementary companies, products, services and technologies, including MICROS Systems, Inc. (MICROS) in fiscal 2015.
We believe our acquisition program strengthens our competitive position, enhances the products and services that we can offer to customers, expands our customer
base, provides greater scale to accelerate innovation, grows our revenues and earnings and increases stockholder value. We expect to continue to acquire
companies, products, services and technologies in furtherance of our corporate strategy. Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere
in this Annual Report provides additional information related to our recent acquisitions.
We believe that we can fund our future acquisitions with our internally available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, cash generated from operations,
additional borrowings or from the issuance of additional securities. We estimate the financial impact of any potential acquisition with regard to earnings, operating
margin, cash flow and return on invested capital targets before deciding to move forward with an acquisition.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as set forth in the Financial
Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), and we consider the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable
guidance issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. GAAP, as set forth within the ASC, requires us to make certain estimates, judgments and
assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that
these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of
the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent that there are differences
between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, our financial statements will be affected. The accounting policies that reflect our
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more significant estimates, judgments and assumptions and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported
financial results include:
• Revenue Recognition;
• Business Combinations;
• Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Impairment Assessments;
• Accounting for Income Taxes; and
• Legal and Other Contingencies.
In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application.
There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting among available alternatives would not produce a materially different result. Our senior
management has reviewed our critical accounting policies and related disclosures with the Finance and Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Revenue Recognition
Our sources of revenues include:
• cloud and on-premise software revenues, which include the sale of: new software licenses, which generally grant to customers a perpetual right to use our
database, middleware, applications and industry-specific software products; cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings, which grant customers access to a broad
range of our software and related support offerings on a subscription basis in a secure, standards-based cloud computing environment; cloud IaaS
offerings, which grant customers access to infrastructure cloud services to perform elastic compute, storage and networking services, and also provide
management services for software and hardware and related IT infrastructure, both generally on a subscription basis; and software license updates and
product support offerings (described further below);
• hardware revenues, which include the sale of hardware products including Oracle Engineered Systems, computer servers, storage products, networking
and data center fabric products, and industry-specific hardware; and hardware support revenues (described further below); and
• services revenues, which are earned from providing software and hardware related services including consulting, advanced customer support and
education services.
Revenues generally are recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
Revenue Recognition for Software Products and Software Related Services (Software Elements)
New software licenses revenues primarily represent fees earned from granting customers licenses to use our database, middleware, application and industry-specific
software products and exclude cloud SaaS and PaaS revenues and revenues derived from software license updates, which are included in software license updates
and product support revenues. The basis for our new software licenses revenue recognition is substantially governed by the accounting guidance contained in ASC
985-605, Software-Revenue
Recognition.
We exercise judgment and use estimates in connection with the determination of the amount of software and software
related services revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.
For software license arrangements that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, we recognize new software licenses
revenues when: (1) we enter into a legally binding arrangement with a customer for the license of software; (2) we deliver the products; (3) the sale price is fixed or
determinable and free of contingencies or significant uncertainties; and (4) collection is probable. Revenues that are not recognized at the time of sale because the
foregoing conditions are not met, are recognized when those conditions are subsequently met.
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Substantially all of our software license arrangements do not include acceptance provisions. However, if acceptance provisions exist as part of public policy (for
example, in agreements with government entities where acceptance periods are required by law, or within previously executed terms and conditions that are
referenced in the current agreement and are short-term in nature), we generally recognize revenues upon delivery provided the acceptance terms are perfunctory
and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. If acceptance provisions are not perfunctory (for example, acceptance provisions that are long-term in
nature or are not included as standard terms of an arrangement), revenues are recognized upon the earlier of receipt of written customer acceptance or expiration of
the acceptance period.
The vast majority of our software license arrangements include software license updates and product support contracts, which are entered into at the customer’s
option, and the related fees are recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement, typically one year. Software license updates provide customers with rights to
unspecified software product upgrades, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period. Product support includes internet access to
technical content, as well as internet and telephone access to technical support personnel. Software license updates and product support contracts are generally
priced as a percentage of the net new software licenses fees and are generally invoiced in full at the beginning of the support term. Substantially all of our
customers renew their software license updates and product support contracts annually.
Revenue
Recognition
for
Multiple-Element
Arrangements—Software
Products
and
Software
Related
Services
(Software
Arrangements)
We often enter into arrangements with customers that purchase both software related products and software related services from us at the same time, or within
close proximity of one another (referred to as software related multiple-element arrangements). Such software related multiple-element arrangements include the
sale of our software products, software license updates and product support contracts and other software related services whereby software license delivery is
followed by the subsequent or contemporaneous delivery of the other elements. For those software related multiple-element arrangements, we have applied the
residual method to determine the amount of new software license revenues to be recognized pursuant to ASC 985-605. Under the residual method, if fair value
exists for undelivered elements in a multiple-element arrangement, such fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred with the remaining portion of the
arrangement consideration generally recognized upon delivery of the software license. We allocate the fair value of each element of a software related multiple-
element arrangement based upon its fair value as determined by our vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE—described further below), with any remaining
amount allocated to the software license.
Revenue Recognition for Cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS Offerings, Hardware Products, Hardware Support and Related Services (Non-software Elements)
Our revenue recognition policy for non-software deliverables including cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings, hardware products, support and related services is
based upon the accounting guidance contained in ASC 605-25, Revenue
Recognition
, Multiple-Element
Arrangements,
and we exercise judgment and use
estimates in connection with the determination of the amount of cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS revenues, hardware products revenues, support and related services
revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.
Revenues from the sales of our non-software elements are recognized when: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) we deliver the products and
passage of the title to the buyer occurs; (3) the sale price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collection is reasonably assured. Revenues that are not recognized at the
time of sale because the foregoing conditions are not met are recognized when those conditions are subsequently met. When applicable, we reduce revenues for
estimated returns or certain other incentive programs where we have the ability to sufficiently estimate the effects of these items. Where an arrangement is subject
to acceptance criteria and the acceptance provisions are not perfunctory (for example, acceptance provisions that are long-term in nature or are not included as
standard terms of an arrangement), revenues are recognized upon the earlier of receipt of written customer acceptance or expiration of the acceptance period.
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Our cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings generally provide customers access to certain of our software within a cloud-based IT environment that we manage, host and
support and offer to customers on a subscription basis. Revenues for our cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings are generally recognized ratably over the contract term
commencing with the date the service is made available to customers and all other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied.
Our cloud IaaS offerings provide infrastructure cloud services and also include deployment and management offerings for software and hardware and related IT
infrastructure. Our cloud IaaS offerings are generally sold on a subscription basis and revenues for these cloud IaaS offerings are generally recognized ratably over
the contract term commencing with the date the service is made available to customers and all other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied.
Revenues from the sale of hardware products represent amounts earned primarily from the sale of our Oracle Engineered Systems, computer servers, storage,
networking and industry-specific hardware and are recognized upon the delivery of the hardware product to the customer provided all other revenue recognition
criteria have been satisfied.
Our hardware support offerings generally provide customers with software updates for the software components that are essential to the functionality of our
hardware products and can also include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support services. Hardware support contracts are generally priced as a
percentage of the net hardware products fees. Hardware support contracts are entered into at the customer’s option and are recognized ratably over the contractual
term of the arrangements, which is typically one year, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied.
Revenue
Recognition
for
Multiple-Element
Arrangements—Cloud
SaaS,
PaaS
and
IaaS
Offerings,
Hardware
Products,
Hardware
Support
and
Related
Services
(Non-software
Arrangements)
We enter into arrangements with customers that purchase non-software related products and services from us at the same time, or within close proximity of one
another (referred to as non-software multiple-element arrangements). Each element within a non-software multiple-element arrangement is accounted for as a
separate unit of accounting provided the following criteria are met: the delivered products or services have value to the customer on a standalone basis; and for an
arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered products or services, delivery or performance of the undelivered product or service is
considered probable and is substantially controlled by us. We consider a deliverable to have standalone value if the product or service is sold separately by us or
another vendor or could be resold by the customer. Further, our revenue arrangements generally do not include a general right of return relative to the delivered
products. Where the aforementioned criteria for a separate unit of accounting are not met, the deliverable is combined with the undelivered element(s) and treated
as a single unit of accounting for the purposes of allocation of the arrangement consideration and revenue recognition. For those units of accounting that include
more than one deliverable but are treated as a single unit of accounting, we generally recognize revenues over the contractual period of the arrangement, or in the
case of our cloud offerings, we generally recognize revenues over the contractual term of the cloud software subscription. For the purposes of revenue classification
of the elements that are accounted for as a single unit of accounting, we allocate revenue to the respective revenue line items within our consolidated statements of
operations based on a rational and consistent methodology utilizing our best estimate of relative selling prices of such elements.
For our non-software multiple-element arrangements, we allocate revenue to each element based on a selling price hierarchy at the arrangement’s inception. The
selling price for each element is based upon the following selling price hierarchy: VSOE if available, third-party evidence (TPE) if VSOE is not available, or
estimated selling price (ESP) if neither VSOE nor TPE are available (a description as to how we determine VSOE, TPE and ESP is provided below). If a tangible
hardware product includes software, we determine whether the tangible hardware product and the software work together to deliver the product’s essential
functionality and, if so, the entire product is treated as a non-software deliverable. The total arrangement consideration is allocated to each separate unit of
accounting for each of the non-software deliverables using the relative selling prices of each unit based on the aforementioned selling price hierarchy. We limit the
amount of revenue recognized for delivered elements to an amount that is not contingent upon future delivery of additional products or services or meeting of any
specified performance conditions.
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When possible, we establish VSOE of selling price for deliverables in software and non-software multiple-element arrangements using the price charged for a
deliverable when sold separately and for software license updates and product support and hardware support, based on the renewal rates offered to customers. TPE
is established by evaluating similar and interchangeable competitor products or services in standalone arrangements with similarly situated customers. If we are
unable to determine the selling price because VSOE or TPE does not exist, we determine ESP for the purposes of allocating the arrangement by reviewing
historical transactions, including transactions whereby the deliverable was sold on a standalone basis and considering several other external and internal factors
including, but not limited to, pricing practices including discounting, margin objectives, competition, contractually stated prices, the geographies in which we offer
our products and services, the type of customer (i.e., distributor, value-added reseller, government agency and direct end user, among others) and the stage of the
product lifecycle. The determination of ESP is made through consultation with and approval by our management, taking into consideration our pricing model and
go-to-market strategy. As our, or our competitors’, pricing and go-to-market strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could
result in changes to our determination of VSOE, TPE and ESP. As a result, our future revenue recognition for multiple-element arrangements could differ
materially from our results in the current period. Selling prices are analyzed on an annual basis or more frequently if we experience significant changes in our
selling prices.
Revenue Recognition Policies Applicable to both Software and Non-software Elements
Revenue
Recognition
for
Multiple-Element
Arrangements—Arrangements
with
Software
and
Non-software
Elements
We also enter into multiple-element arrangements that may include a combination of our various software related and non-software related products and services
offerings including new software licenses, software license updates and product support, cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings, hardware products, hardware
support, consulting, advanced customer support services and education. In such arrangements, we first allocate the total arrangement consideration based on the
relative selling prices of the software group of elements as a whole and to the non-software elements. We then further allocate consideration within the software
group to the respective elements within that group following the guidance in ASC 985-605 and our policies as described above. After the arrangement
consideration has been allocated to the elements, we account for each respective element in the arrangement as described above.
Other
Revenue
Recognition
Policies
Applicable
to
Software
and
Non-software
Elements
Many of our software arrangements include consulting implementation services sold separately under consulting engagement contracts and are included as a part of
our services business. Consulting revenues from these arrangements are generally accounted for separately from new software licenses revenues because the
arrangements qualify as services transactions as defined in ASC 985-605. The more significant factors considered in determining whether the revenues should be
accounted for separately include the nature of services (i.e., consideration of whether the services are essential to the functionality of the licensed product), degree
of risk, availability of services from other vendors, timing of payments and impact of milestones or acceptance criteria on the realizability of the software license
fee. Revenues for consulting services are generally recognized as the services are performed. If there is a significant uncertainty about the project completion or
receipt of payment for the consulting services, revenues are deferred until the uncertainty is sufficiently resolved. We estimate the proportional performance on
contracts with fixed or “not to exceed” fees on a monthly basis utilizing hours incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated hours to complete the project. If
we do not have a sufficient basis to measure progress towards completion, revenues are recognized when we receive final acceptance from the customer that the
services have been completed. When total cost estimates exceed revenues, we accrue for the estimated losses immediately using cost estimates that are based upon
an average fully burdened daily rate applicable to the consulting organization delivering the services. The complexity of the estimation process and factors relating
to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the proportional performance method of accounting affects the amounts of revenues and
related expenses reported in our consolidated financial statements. A number of internal and external factors can affect our estimates, including labor rates,
utilization and efficiency variances and specification and testing requirement changes.
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Our advanced customer support services are offered as standalone arrangements or as a part of arrangements to customers buying other software and non-software
products and services. We offer these advanced support services, both on-premise and remote, to Oracle customers to enable increased performance and higher
availability of their products and services. Depending upon the nature of the arrangement, revenues from these services are recognized as the services are
performed or ratably over the term of the service period, which is generally one year or less.
Education revenues are also a part of our services business and include instructor-led, media-based and internet-based training in the use of our software and
hardware products. Education revenues are recognized as the classes or other education offerings are delivered.
If an arrangement contains multiple elements and does not qualify for separate accounting for the product and service transactions, then new software licenses
revenues and/or hardware products revenues, including the costs of hardware products, are generally recognized together with the services based on contract
accounting using either the percentage-of-completion or completed-contract method. For the purposes of revenue classification of the elements that are accounted
for as a single unit of accounting, we allocate revenues to software and non-software elements based on a rational and consistent methodology utilizing our best
estimate of the relative selling price of such elements.
We also evaluate arrangements with governmental entities containing “fiscal funding” or “termination for convenience” provisions, when such provisions are
required by law, to determine the probability of possible cancellation. We consider multiple factors, including the history with the customer in similar transactions,
the “essential use” of the software or hardware products and the planning, budgeting and approval processes undertaken by the governmental entity. If we
determine upon execution of these arrangements that the likelihood of cancellation is remote, we then recognize revenues once all of the criteria described above
have been met. If such a determination cannot be made, revenues are recognized upon the earlier of cash receipt or approval of the applicable funding provision by
the governmental entity.
We assess whether fees are fixed or determinable at the time of sale and recognize revenues if all other revenue recognition requirements are met. Our standard
payment terms are net 30 days. However, payment terms may vary based on the country in which the agreement is executed. We evaluate non-standard payment
terms based on whether we have successful collection history on comparable arrangements (based upon similarity of customers, products, and license economics)
and, if so, generally conclude such payment terms are fixed and determinable and thereby satisfy the required criteria for revenue recognition.
While most of our arrangements for sales within our businesses include short-term payment terms, we have a standard practice of providing long-term financing to
creditworthy customers primarily through our financing division. Since fiscal 1989, when our financing division was formed, we have established a history of
collection, without concessions, on these receivables with payment terms that generally extend up to five years from the contract date. Provided all other revenue
recognition criteria have been met, we recognize new software licenses revenues and hardware products revenues for these arrangements upon delivery, net of any
payment discounts from financing transactions. We have generally sold receivables financed through our financing division on a non-recourse basis to third-party
financing institutions within 90 days of the contracts’ dates of execution and we classify the proceeds from these sales as cash flows from operating activities in our
consolidated statements of cash flows. We account for the sales of these receivables as “true sales” as defined in ASC 860, Transfers
and
Servicing
, as we are
considered to have surrendered control of these financing receivables.
Our customers include several of our suppliers and, occasionally, we have purchased goods or services for our operations from these vendors at or about the same
time that we have sold our products to these same companies (Concurrent Transactions). Software license agreements, sales of hardware or sales of services that
occur within a three-month time period from the date we have purchased goods or services from that same customer are reviewed for appropriate accounting
treatment and disclosure. When we acquire goods or services from a customer, we negotiate the purchase separately from any sales transaction, at terms we
consider to be at arm’s length and settle the purchase in cash. We recognize revenues from Concurrent Transactions if all of our revenue recognition criteria are met
and the goods and services acquired are necessary for our current operations.
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Business Combinations
We apply the provisions of ASC 805, Business
Combinations
, in accounting for our acquisitions. It requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the assets
acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred
over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately
value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain
and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets
acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of
assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.
Accounting for business combinations requires our management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date, including our
estimates for intangible assets, contractual obligations assumed, pre-acquisition contingencies and contingent consideration, where applicable. Although we believe
the assumptions and estimates we have made in the past have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information
obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain.
Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired include but are not limited to:
• future expected cash flows from software license sales, cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS contracts, hardware product sales, support agreements, consulting
contracts, other customer contracts, acquired developed technologies and patents;
• expected costs to develop the in-process research and development into commercially viable products and estimated cash flows from the projects when
completed;
• the acquired company’s brand and competitive position, as well as assumptions about the period of time the acquired brand will continue to be used in the
combined company’s product portfolio; and
• discount rates.
Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.
We estimate the fair values of our cloud SaaS and PaaS, software license updates and product support, and hardware support obligations assumed. The estimated
fair values of these performance obligations are determined utilizing a cost build-up approach. The cost build-up approach determines fair value by estimating the
costs related to fulfilling the obligations plus a normal profit margin. The estimated costs to fulfill the obligations are based on the historical direct costs related to
providing the services including the correction of any errors in the products acquired. The sum of these costs and operating profit approximates, in theory, the
amount that we would be required to pay a third party to assume the performance obligations. We do not include any costs associated with selling efforts or
research and development or the related fulfillment margins on these costs. Profit associated with any selling efforts is excluded because the acquired entities would
have concluded those selling efforts on the performance obligations prior to the acquisition date. We also do not include the estimated research and development
costs in our fair value determinations, as these costs are not deemed to represent a legal obligation at the time of acquisition. As a result of our fair value estimates
for these obligations, we did not recognize certain cloud SaaS and PaaS, software license updates and product support and hardware support revenue amounts that
would have been otherwise recorded by the acquired businesses as independent entities upon delivery of the contractual obligations (refer to “Supplemental
Disclosure Related to Certain Charges” below for further discussion). Historically, substantially all of our customers, including customers from acquired
companies, renew their software license updates and product support contracts when the contracts are eligible for renewal, and we strive to renew cloud SaaS and
PaaS contracts and hardware support contracts. To the extent
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customers to which these contractual obligations pertain renew these contracts with us, we expect to recognize revenues for the full contracts’ values over the
respective contracts’ renewal periods.
In connection with a business combination or other strategic initiative, we may estimate costs associated with restructuring plans committed to by our management.
Restructuring costs are typically comprised of employee severance costs, costs of consolidating duplicate facilities and contract termination costs. Restructuring
expenses are based upon plans that have been committed to by our management, but may be refined in subsequent periods. We account for costs to exit or
restructure certain activities of an acquired company separately from the business combination pursuant to ASC 420, Exit
or
Disposal
Cost
Obligations.
A liability
for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity is recognized and measured at its fair value in our consolidated statement of operations in the period in which
the liability is incurred. When estimating the fair value of facility restructuring activities, assumptions are applied regarding estimated sub-lease payments to be
received, which can differ materially from actual results. This may require us to revise our initial estimates which may materially affect our results of operations
and financial position in the period the revision is made.
For a given acquisition, we may identify certain pre-acquisition contingencies as of the acquisition date and may extend our review and evaluation of these pre-
acquisition contingencies throughout the measurement period in order to obtain sufficient information to assess whether we include these contingencies as a part of
the fair value estimates of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and, if so, to determine their estimated amounts.
If we cannot reasonably determine the fair value of a pre-acquisition contingency (non-income tax related) by the end of the measurement period, which is
generally the case given the nature of such matters, we will recognize an asset or a liability for such pre-acquisition contingency if: (1) it is probable that an asset
existed or a liability had been incurred at the acquisition date and (2) the amount of the asset or liability can be reasonably estimated. Subsequent to the
measurement period, changes in our estimates of such contingencies will affect earnings and could have a material effect on our results of operations and financial
position.
In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances assumed in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the
acquisition date. We reevaluate these items quarterly based upon facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date with any adjustments to our
preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill if identified within the measurement period. Subsequent to the measurement period or our final determination of
the tax allowance’s or contingency’s estimated value, whichever comes first, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances will
affect our provision for income taxes in our consolidated statement of operations and could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial
position.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Impairment Assessments
We review goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate its carrying value may not be recoverable in accordance
with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill
and
Other
. According to ASC 350, we can opt to perform a qualitative assessment to test a reporting unit’s goodwill for
impairment or we can directly perform the two-step impairment test. Based on our qualitative assessment, if we determine that the fair value of a reporting unit is
more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50 percent) to be less than its carrying amount, the two-step impairment test prescribed by ASC 350 will be
performed. In the first step, we compare the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of
the net assets assigned to that unit, goodwill is not considered impaired and we are not required to perform further testing. If the carrying value of the net assets
assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order to determine the
implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then we would record an
impairment loss equal to the difference.
Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth
rates and operating margins used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rates, future economic and market conditions and the determination
of appropriate market comparables. We base our fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable
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but that are inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. In addition, we make certain judgments and assumptions in allocating
shared assets and liabilities to determine the carrying values for each of our reporting units.
Our most recent annual goodwill impairment analysis, which was performed on March 1, 2016, did not result in a goodwill impairment charge, nor did we
recognize an impairment charge in fiscal 2014. In fiscal 2015, we recognized an impairment charge of $186 million in our hardware products reporting unit (refer
to Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information).
Other than our consulting reporting unit, all of our other reporting units had fair values that substantially exceeded their carrying values based on our most recent
annual goodwill impairment review. Our consulting reporting unit had $1.8 billion of goodwill on March 1, 2016, and experienced revenue and operating margin
declines in fiscal 2016. As of our most recent annual goodwill impairment review, our consulting reporting unit’s fair value was 11% in excess of its carrying
value. We estimate that should our consulting reporting unit’s projected margins and related cash flows unfavorably deviate from our projections by 20% or more
each year, our consulting reporting unit likely would incur a goodwill impairment loss.
We make judgments about the recoverability of purchased finite lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment
may exist. Each period we evaluate the estimated remaining useful lives of purchased intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a
revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Recoverability of finite lived intangible assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to
the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. We review indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually and whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of indefinite lived intangible assets is measured by comparison of the
carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the
carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset.
Assumptions and estimates about future values and remaining useful lives of our intangible assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by a variety of
factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts.
Although we believe the historical assumptions and estimates we have made are reasonable and appropriate, different assumptions and estimates could materially
impact our reported financial results. We did not recognize any intangible asset impairment charges in fiscal 2016, 2015 or 2014.
Accounting for Income Taxes
Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide income tax provision. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many transactions and
calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of revenue sharing and cost reimbursement
arrangements among related entities, the process of identifying items of revenues and expenses that qualify for preferential tax treatment and segregation of foreign
and domestic earnings and expenses to avoid double taxation. Although we believe that our estimates are reasonable, the final tax outcome of these matters could
be different from that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences could have a material effect on our income tax
provision and net income in the period in which such determination is made.
Our effective tax rate includes the impact of certain undistributed foreign earnings for which no U.S. taxes have been provided because such earnings are planned
to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. Remittances of foreign earnings to the United States are planned based on projected cash flow, working
capital and investment needs of our foreign and domestic operations. Based on these assumptions, we estimate the amount that will be distributed to the United
States and provide U.S. federal taxes on these amounts. Material changes in our estimates as to how much of our foreign earnings will be distributed to the United
States or tax legislation that limits or restricts the amount of undistributed foreign earnings that we consider indefinitely reinvested outside the United States could
materially impact our income tax provision and effective tax rate.
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We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In order for us to realize our deferred tax
assets, we must be able to generate sufficient taxable income in those jurisdictions where the deferred tax assets are located. We consider future growth, forecasted
earnings, future taxable income, the mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which we operate, historical earnings, taxable income in prior years, if carryback is
permitted under the law and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in determining the need for a valuation allowance. In the event we were to determine that
we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets valuation allowance would be charged
to earnings in the period in which we make such a determination, or goodwill would be adjusted at our final determination of the valuation allowance related to an
acquisition within the measurement period. If we later determine that it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets would be realized, we would reverse
the applicable portion of the previously provided valuation allowance as an adjustment to earnings at such time.
We calculate our current and deferred tax provision based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from the actual results reflected in income tax returns filed
during the subsequent year. Adjustments based on filed returns are generally recorded in the period when the tax returns are filed and the global tax implications are
known, which can materially impact our effective tax rate.
The amount of income tax we pay is subject to ongoing audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities, which often result in proposed assessments. Our estimate
of the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issue is highly judgmental. A description of our accounting policies associated with tax related contingencies
assumed as a part of a business combination is provided under “Business Combinations” above. For those tax related contingencies that are not a part of a business
combination, we account for these uncertain tax issues pursuant to ASC 740, Income
Taxes
, which contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring
uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The first step is to determine if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely
than not that the tax position will be sustained in an audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax
benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Although we believe that we have adequately reserved for our
uncertain tax positions, no assurance can be given with respect to the final outcome of these matters. We adjust reserves for our uncertain tax positions due to
changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit, judicial rulings, and refinement of estimates or realization of earnings or deductions that differ
from our estimates. To the extent that the final outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences generally will impact our provision
for income taxes in the period in which such a determination is made. Our provisions for income taxes include the impact of reserve provisions and changes to
reserves that are considered appropriate and also include the related interest and penalties.
In addition, as a part of our accounting for business combinations, intangible assets are recognized at fair values and goodwill is measured as the excess of
consideration transferred over the net estimated fair values of assets acquired. Impairment charges associated with goodwill are generally not tax deductible and
will result in an increased effective income tax rate in the period that any impairment is recorded. Amortization expenses associated with acquired intangible assets
are generally not tax deductible pursuant to our existing tax structure; however, deferred taxes have been recorded for non-deductible amortization expenses as a
part of the accounting for business combinations. We have taken into account the allocation of these identified intangibles among different taxing jurisdictions,
including those with nominal or zero percent tax rates, in establishing the related deferred tax liabilities.
Legal and Other Contingencies
We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Quarterly, we review the status of each significant matter and assess our potential financial
exposure. A description of our accounting policies associated with contingencies assumed as a part of a business combination is provided under “Business
Combinations” above. For legal and other contingencies that are not a part of a business combination, we accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss
from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination
of probability and the determination as to whether the amount of an exposure is reasonably estimable. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are
based only on the best information available at the time the accruals are made. As
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additional information becomes available, we reassess the potential liability related to our pending claims and litigation and may revise our estimates. Such
revisions in the estimates of the potential liabilities could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position.
Results of Operations
Impact of Acquisitions
The comparability of our operating results in fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015 and in fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014 was impacted by our recent
acquisitions. In our discussion of changes in our results of operations from fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014, we may
qualitatively disclose the impact of our acquired products and services (for the one-year period subsequent to the acquisition date) to the growth in certain of our
operating segments’ revenues where such qualitative discussions would be meaningful for an understanding of the factors that influenced the changes in our results
of operations. When material, we may also provide quantitative disclosures related to such acquired products and services. Expenses for each of the respective
period comparisons generally were not separately identifiable due to the integration of these businesses and operating segments into our existing operations, and/or
were insignificant to our results of operations during the periods presented.
We caution readers that, while pre- and post-acquisition comparisons, as well as any quantified amounts themselves, may provide indications of general trends, any
acquisition information that we provide has inherent limitations for the following reasons:
• any qualitative and quantitative disclosures cannot specifically address or quantify the substantial effects attributable to changes in business strategies,
including our sales force integration efforts. We believe that if our acquired companies had operated independently and sales forces had not been
integrated, the relative mix of products and services sold would have been different; and
• although substantially all of our on-premise software license customers, including customers from acquired companies, renew their software license
updates and product support contracts when the contracts are eligible for renewal, and we strive to renew cloud SaaS and PaaS contracts and hardware
support contracts, the amounts shown as cloud SaaS and PaaS deferred revenues, software license updates and product support deferred revenues, and
hardware support deferred revenues in our “Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges” (presented below) are not necessarily indicative of
revenue improvements we will achieve upon contract renewals to the extent customers do not renew.
Constant Currency Presentation
Our international operations have provided and are expected to continue to provide a significant portion of each of our segments’ revenues and expenses. As a
result, each segment’s revenues and expenses and our total revenues and expenses will continue to be affected by changes in the U.S. Dollar against major
international currencies. In order to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effects of foreign currency
fluctuations, we compare the percent change in the results from one period to another period in this Annual Report using constant currency disclosure. To present
this information, current and comparative prior period results for entities reporting in currencies other than U.S. Dollars are converted into U.S. Dollars at constant
exchange rates (i.e., the rates in effect on May 31, 2015, which was the last day of our prior fiscal year) rather than the actual exchange rates in effect during the
respective periods. For example, if an entity reporting in Euros had revenues of 1.0 million Euros from products sold on May 31, 2016 and 2015, our financial
statements would reflect reported revenues of $1.12 million in fiscal 2016 (using 1.12 as the month-end average exchange rate for the period) and $1.08 million in
fiscal 2015 (using 1.08 as the month-end average exchange rate for the period). The constant currency presentation, however, would translate the fiscal 2016 results
using the fiscal 2015 exchange rate and indicate, in this example, no change in revenues during the period. In each of the tables below, we present the percent
change based on actual, unrounded results in reported currency and in constant currency.
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Total Revenues and Operating Expenses
(Dollars in millions)
Total Revenues by Geography:
Americas
EMEA
(1)
Asia Pacific
(2)
Total revenues
Total Operating Expenses
Total Operating Margin
Total Operating Margin %
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Total Revenues by Business:
Cloud and on-premise software
Hardware
Services
Total revenues
% Revenues by Business:
Cloud and on-premise software
Hardware
Services
(1)
(2)
Comprised of Europe, the Middle East and Africa
The Asia Pacific region includes Japan
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
2016
Actual Constant
2015
Actual Constant
2014
$ 20,466
10,881
5,700
37,047
24,443
12,604
34%
$
-3%
-4%
-1%
-3%
0%
-9%
0% $ 21,107
11,380
3%
5,739
7%
38,226
2%
24,355
4%
13,871
-2% $
36%
4%
-5%
-4%
0%
4%
-6%
55%
29%
16%
55%
30%
15%
6% $ 20,323
11,946
4%
6,006
1%
38,275
4%
23,516
7%
14,759
0% $
39%
53%
31%
16%
$
$
28,990
4,668
3,389
37,047
-2%
-10%
-4%
-3%
3% $
-5%
2%
2% $
29,475
5,205
3,546
38,226
1%
-3%
-4%
0%
5% $
2%
0%
4% $
29,199
5,372
3,704
38,275
78%
13%
9%
77%
14%
9%
76%
14%
10%
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Our results of operations for fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015 were significantly impacted by movements in
international currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar, which decreased our total revenues by 5 percentage points, total operating expenses by 4 percentage points and
total operating margin by 7 percentage points.
Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations, our total revenues increased in fiscal 2016 due to constant currency growth in our cloud and on-
premise software business revenues and services business revenues. The constant currency growth in our cloud and on-premise software business revenues during
fiscal 2016 was attributable to growth in our software license updates and product support revenues, growth in our SaaS, PaaS and IaaS revenues, and revenue
contributions from our recent acquisitions and was partially offset by fiscal 2016 decreases in our new software licenses revenues. The constant currency growth in
our services business revenues was primarily attributable to our recent acquisitions. These constant currency increases in our revenues during fiscal 2016 were
partially offset by constant currency decreases in our hardware business revenues. In constant currency, the EMEA region and the Asia Pacific region contributed
approximately equal amounts to our fiscal 2016 total revenues growth and the Americas was flat.
Excluding the effects of favorable currency rate fluctuations, our total operating expenses increased during fiscal 2016 primarily due to increased sales and
marketing and research and development expenses resulting primarily from increased headcount, increased cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS expenses resulting from
increased headcount and infrastructure expenses to support the increase in our cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS revenues, higher restructuring expenses that were
recorded pursuant to the Fiscal 2015 Oracle Restructuring Plan (2015 Restructuring Plan; see Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included
elsewhere in this Annual Report), and higher general and administrative expenses due to higher headcount and higher professional services fees, primarily legal
related fees. These constant currency expense increases were partially offset by fiscal 2016 reductions in expenses associated with certain of our intangible assets
that became fully amortized during fiscal 2016 and lower acquisition related and other expenses, which primarily was attributable to higher expenses during fiscal
2015 as a result of a goodwill impairment loss of $186 million (see Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report
for additional information).
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Excluding the effects of unfavorable foreign currency rate fluctuations, our total operating margin and total operating margin as a percentage of revenues decreased
in fiscal 2016 as our total expenses increased at a faster rate than our total revenues.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: Our results of operations for fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014 were significantly impacted by movements in
international currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar, which decreased our total revenues by 4 percentage points, total operating expenses by 3 percentage points and
total operating income by 6 percentage points.
Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency variations, our total revenues increased in fiscal 2015 due to revenue increases in our cloud and on-premise software
and hardware businesses. The constant currency growth in our cloud and on-premise software revenues was attributable to similar reasons as noted above. The
constant currency growth in our hardware business was attributable to growth in our hardware support revenues, which were primarily attributable to revenue
contributions from our acquisitions. Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, the Americas region contributed 69%, the EMEA region contributed 28%
and the Asia Pacific region contributed 3% to the growth in our total revenues during fiscal 2015.
Excluding the effects of favorable currency variations, our total operating expenses increased during fiscal 2015 due to expense increases across all of our lines of
business, the largest of which were due to increased sales and marketing and research and development expenses resulting primarily from increased headcount,
increased cloud SaaS and PaaS expenses to support the increase in our cloud SaaS and PaaS revenues, and increased acquisition related and other expenses that was
primarily attributable to the goodwill impairment charge as noted above.
Excluding the effects of unfavorable foreign currency rate fluctuations, our fiscal 2015 operating margin was flat in comparison to the prior year, while our
operating margin as a percentage of revenues decreased in fiscal 2015 as our total operating expenses increased at a faster rate than our total revenues.
Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges
To supplement our consolidated financial information, we believe the following information is helpful to an overall understanding of our past financial
performance and prospects for the future. You should review the introduction under “Impact of Acquisitions” (above) for a discussion of the inherent limitations in
comparing pre- and post-acquisition information.
Our operating results included the following business combination accounting adjustments and expenses related to acquisitions, as well as certain other expense
and income items:
(in millions)
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service deferred revenues
Software license updates and product support deferred revenues
Hardware support deferred revenues
Amortization of intangible assets
Acquisition related and other
(3)(5)
Restructuring
(4)
Stock-based compensation
Income tax effects
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(5)
(1)
2016
$
7
2
1
1,638
42
458
1,034
(846)
$ 2,336
Year Ended May 31,
2015
$
12
11
4
2,149
211
207
928
(971)
$ 2,551
2014
17
$
3
11
2,300
41
183
795
(1,091)
$ 2,259
(1)
In connection with our acquisitions, we have estimated the fair values of the cloud SaaS and PaaS subscriptions, software support and hardware support obligations assumed. Due to our application of
business combination accounting rules, we did not recognize the cloud SaaS and PaaS, software license updates and product support and hardware support revenue amounts as presented in the above table
that would have otherwise been recorded by the acquired businesses as independent entities upon delivery of the contractual obligations. To the extent customers to which these contractual obligations pertain
renew these contracts with us, we expect to recognize revenues for the full contracts’ values over the respective contracts’ renewal periods.
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(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Represents the amortization of intangible assets, substantially all of which were acquired in connection with our acquisitions. As of May 31, 2016, estimated future amortization expenses related to intangible
assets were as follows (in millions):
Fiscal 2017
Fiscal 2018
Fiscal 2019
Fiscal 2020
Fiscal 2021
Thereafter
Total intangible assets, net
$
1,026
878
770
621
476
1,172
$ 4,943
Acquisition related and other expenses primarily consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees, stock-based compensation expenses, integration related professional services,
certain business combination adjustments including certain adjustments after the measurement period has ended and certain other operating items, net. Included in acquisition related and other expenses for
fiscal 2015 was a goodwill impairment loss of $186 million (see Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report).
Restructuring expenses during fiscal 2016 primarily related to employee severance in connection with our 2015 Restructuring Plan. Restructuring expenses during fiscal 2015 primarily related to costs
incurred pursuant to our 2015 Restructuring Plan and our Fiscal 2013 Oracle Restructuring Plan (2013 Restructuring Plan). Restructuring expenses during fiscal 2014 primarily related to costs incurred
pursuant to our 2013 Restructuring Plan. Additional information regarding certain of our restructuring plans is provided in Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this
Annual Report.
Stock-based compensation was included in the following operating expense line items of our consolidated statements of operations (in millions):
Sales and marketing
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service
Cloud infrastructure as a service
Software license updates and product support
Hardware products
Hardware support
Services
Research and development
General and administrative
Subtotal
Acquisition related and other
Total stock-based compensation
Year Ended May 31,
2016
$
220
17
4
23
7
5
29
609
120
1,034
3
$ 1,037
2015
180
$
10
5
21
6
6
30
522
148
928
5
$ 933
2014
165
$
8
4
22
5
6
29
385
171
795
10
$ 805
Stock-based compensation included in acquisition related and other expenses resulted from unvested stock options and restricted stock-based awards assumed from acquisitions whose vesting was
accelerated upon termination of the employees pursuant to the terms of those stock options and restricted stock-based awards.
(6)
The income tax effects presented were calculated as if the above described charges were not included in our results of operations for each of the respective periods presented. Income tax effects for fiscal
2016, 2015 and 2014 were calculated based on the applicable jurisdictional tax rates applied to the items within the table above and resulted in effective tax rates of 23.2%, 23.6% and 22.5%, respectively,
instead of 22.2%, 22.6% and 20.1%, respectively, which represented our effective tax rates as derived per our consolidated statements of operations, primarily due to the net tax effects of acquisition related
items, including the tax effects of amortization of intangible assets.
Cloud and On-Premise Software Business
Our cloud and on-premise software business consists of our cloud software and on-premise software segment, our cloud IaaS segment and our software license
updates and product support segment.
Cloud Software and On-Premise Software: Our cloud software and on-premise software segment engages in the sale, marketing and delivery of our cloud
software offerings, including our cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings, and the licensing of our software for on-premise IT environments. Our cloud SaaS and PaaS
offerings grant customers access to a broad range of our application and platform software technologies on a subscription basis in a secure, standards-based, cloud
computing environment that generally includes access, hosting, infrastructure
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management, the use of software updates, and support. New software licenses revenues represent fees earned from granting customers licenses to use our database
and middleware and our application software products within on-premise IT environments. We continue to place significant emphasis, both domestically and
internationally, on direct sales through our own sales force. We also continue to market our products through indirect channels. Costs associated with our cloud
software and on-premise software segment are included in sales and marketing expenses, cloud SaaS and PaaS expenses and amortization of intangible assets.
These costs are largely personnel related and include commissions earned by our sales force for the sale of our software offerings, marketing program costs, the
cost of providing our cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings and amortization of intangible assets.
(Dollars in millions)
Cloud Software and On-Premise Software Revenues:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Total revenues
Expenses:
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service
Sales and marketing
Stock-based compensation
Amortization of intangible assets
(2)
(1)
(1)
Total expenses
Total Margin
Total Margin %
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Revenues by Software Offerings:
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service
New software licenses
Total cloud software and on-premise software revenues
% Revenues by Software Offerings:
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service
New software licenses
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
2016
Actual
Constant
2015
Actual
Constant
2014
$ 5,204
2,629
1,650
9,483
1,135
6,690
223
826
8,874
609
$
6%
55%
28%
17%
-9%
-3%
6%
-5%
49%
3%
24%
-18%
5%
-62%
-7%
3%
12%
-1%
53%
9%
24%
-18%
10%
-59%
$
5,742
2,715
1,563
10,020
$
763
6,474
179
1,008
8,424
1,596
16%
57%
27%
16%
4%
-16%
-10%
-5%
71%
2%
8%
3%
6%
-39%
6%
-8%
-5%
0%
76%
6%
8%
3%
10%
-31%
$
5,544
3,249
1,744
10,537
$
447
6,350
166
977
7,940
2,597
25%
53%
31%
16%
$ 2,207
7,276
$ 9,483
49%
-15%
-5%
52%
-11%
-1%
$
1,485
8,535
$ 10,020
32%
-9%
-5%
35%
-4%
0%
$
1,121
9,416
$ 10,537
23%
77%
15%
85%
11%
89%
(1)
(2)
Excluding stock-based compensation
Included as a component of ‘Amortization of Intangible Assets’ in our consolidated statements of operations
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations of 4 percentage points, total revenues from our cloud
software and on-premise software segment decreased by 1 percentage point during fiscal 2016 due to a reduction in new software licenses revenues, partially offset
by an increase in cloud SaaS and PaaS revenues and incremental revenue contributions from our recent acquisitions. The increase in our cloud SaaS and PaaS
revenues and decrease in our new software licenses revenues during fiscal 2016 were primarily due to the strategic emphasis placed on selling, marketing and
growing our cloud software offerings and we expect these revenue trends will continue. In constant currency, fiscal 2016 revenue declines in the Americas region
were partially offset by revenues growth in the EMEA and Asia Pacific regions.
In reported currency, new software licenses revenues earned from transactions of $3 million or greater decreased by 24% in fiscal 2016 and represented 28% of our
new software licenses revenues in fiscal 2016 in comparison to 31% in fiscal 2015.
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Excluding the effects of favorable currency rate fluctuations of 5 percentage points, total cloud software and on-premise software expenses increased during fiscal
2016 primarily due to higher employee related expenses from increased headcount and higher cloud SaaS and PaaS expenses incurred to support the related
revenues increase. These fiscal 2016 constant currency expense increases were partially offset by a reduction in expenses associated with certain of our intangible
assets that became fully amortized.
Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations, our cloud software and on-premise software segment’s total margin and total margin as a
percentage of revenues decreased in fiscal 2016 due primarily to growth in our total expenses for this operating segment.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations, cloud software and on-premise software revenues were
flat during fiscal 2015 as growth in our cloud SaaS and PaaS revenues and contributions from our acquisitions were offset by a decline in our new software licenses
revenues. Similar to the fiscal 2016 trend noted above, the increase in our cloud SaaS and PaaS revenues and decrease in our new software licenses revenues during
fiscal 2015 were primarily due to the strategic emphasis placed on selling, marketing and growing our cloud software offerings. In constant currency, fiscal 2015
revenue growth in the Americas region was offset by revenue declines in the EMEA and Asia Pacific regions.
In reported currency, new software licenses revenues earned from transactions of $3 million or greater decreased by 15% in fiscal 2015 and represented 31% of our
new software licenses revenues in fiscal 2015 in comparison to 33% in fiscal 2014.
Excluding the effects of favorable currency rate fluctuations, total cloud software and on-premise software expenses increased in fiscal 2015 primarily due to
higher employee related expenses from increased headcount, higher variable compensation expenses, and higher cloud SaaS and PaaS expenses incurred to support
the related revenues increase.
Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations, our cloud software and on-premise software segment’s total margin and total margin as a
percentage of revenues decreased in fiscal 2015 due primarily to the growth in our total expenses during fiscal 2015 for this operating segment.
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service: Our cloud IaaS segment provides infrastructure cloud services that are enterprise-grade, hosted and supported within the
Oracle Cloud to perform elastic compute, storage and networking services on a subscription basis. Our cloud IaaS segment also offers Oracle Managed Cloud
Services, which are comprehensive software and hardware management and maintenance services for customer IT infrastructure for a fee for a stated term that are
hosted at our Oracle data center facilities, select partner data centers or physically on-premise at customer facilities. Cloud IaaS expenses consist primarily of
personnel related expenditures, technology infrastructure expenditures and facilities costs. Operating expenses associated with our IaaS offerings also include sales
and marketing expenses, which are largely personnel related, and amortization of intangible assets. For all periods presented, our cloud IaaS segment’s revenues
and expenses were substantially attributable to our Oracle Managed Cloud Services offerings.
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(Dollars in millions)
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service Revenues:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Total revenues
Expenses:
Cloud infrastructure as a service
Sales and marketing
Stock-based compensation
Amortization of intangible assets
(1)
(1)
(2)
Total expenses
Total Margin
Total Margin %
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
2016
Actual Constant
2015
Actual Constant
2014
$ 470
139
37
646
6%
7%
7%
6%
9% $ 444
129
35
608
14%
21%
11%
33%
37%
28%
33%
35% $ 335
94
41%
27
39%
456
36%
362
76
5
5
448
198
31%
$
73%
21%
6%
6%
-16%
-2%
34%
2%
17%
10%
-14%
-2%
34%
5%
24% $
339
90
5
4
438
170
28%
73%
21%
6%
12%
46%
27%
*
19%
97%
14%
50%
27%
*
21%
103% $
304
61
4
—
369
87
19%
73%
21%
6%
(1)
(2)
*
Excluding stock-based compensation
Included as a component of ‘Amortization of Intangible Assets’ in our consolidated statements of operations
Not meaningful
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations of 5 percentage points, total cloud IaaS revenues
increased during fiscal 2016 due to growth in our Oracle Managed Cloud Services offerings and incremental revenue contributions from our recent acquisitions.
Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, the Americas region contributed 62%, the EMEA region contributed 27% and the Asia Pacific region
contributed 11% to the increase in cloud IaaS revenues during fiscal 2016.
On a constant currency basis, total cloud IaaS expenses increased during fiscal 2016 primarily due to increased infrastructure expenses to support our increase in
cloud IaaS revenues.
Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency exchange variances, total margin and margin as a percentage of revenues increased in fiscal 2016 as total revenues
increased at a faster rate than our total expenses for this operating segment.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: On a constant currency basis, total cloud IaaS revenues increased during fiscal 2015 primarily due to contributions from
our acquisitions. Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, the Americas region contributed 70%, the EMEA region contributed 24% and the Asia Pacific
region contributed 6% to the increase in cloud IaaS revenues during fiscal 2015.
On a constant currency basis, total cloud IaaS expenses increased in fiscal 2015 primarily due to increased employee related expenses associated with increased
headcount and increased infrastructure expenses to support our increase in IaaS revenues.
Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency exchange variances, total margin and margin as a percentage of revenues increased in fiscal 2015 as total revenues
increased at a faster rate than our total expenses for this operating segment.
Software License Updates and Product Support: Software license updates and product support revenues are typically generated through the sale of software
support contracts related to on-premise new software licenses purchased by our customers. Our software license updates and product support offerings include
software license updates, which grant on-premise software customers rights to unspecified product upgrades and maintenance releases and patches released during
the support period, and product support including internet access to
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technical content as well as internet and telephone access to technical support personnel in our global support centers. Expenses associated with our software
license updates and product support line of business include the cost of providing the support services, largely personnel related expenses, and the amortization of
our intangible assets associated with software support contracts and customer relationships obtained from acquisitions.
(Dollars in millions)
Software License Updates and Product Support Revenues:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Total revenues
Expenses:
Software license updates and product support
Stock-based compensation
Amortization of intangible assets
(2)
(1)
Total expenses
Total Margin
Total Margin %
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
2016
Percent Change
Actual Constant
2015
Percent Change
Actual Constant
2014
Year Ended May 31,
$ 10,672 2%
5,703 -4%
2,486 -1%
18,861 0%
5% $ 10,418 6%
5,920 0%
5%
2,509 3%
7%
18,847 4%
5%
7% $ 9,858
5,906
9%
8%
2,442
8% 18,206
1,123 -5%
1%
23 11% 11%
504 -32% -32%
1,650 -15% -12%
7% $
17,211 2%
1,178 3%
21 -7%
741 -7%
1,940 -1%
16,907 4%
$
91%
57%
30%
13%
90%
55%
32%
13%
1,140
8%
22
-7%
801
-7%
2%
1,963
9% $ 16,243
89%
54%
33%
13%
(1)
(2)
Excluding stock-based compensation
Included as a component of ‘Amortization of Intangible Assets’ in our consolidated statements of operations
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations of 5 percentage points, software license updates and
product support revenues increased during fiscal 2016 as a result of substantially all customers electing to purchase software support contracts in conjunction with
their new software licenses purchased during the trailing 4-quarter period, and due to the renewal of substantially all of the software support customer base eligible
for renewal during the trailing 4-quarter period and incremental revenues from our recent acquisitions. Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, the
Americas region contributed 56%, the EMEA region contributed 26% and the Asia Pacific region contributed 18% to the increase in software license updates and
product support revenues during fiscal 2016.
Excluding the effects of favorable foreign currency rate fluctuations of 3 percentage points, total software license updates and product support expenses decreased
during fiscal 2016 primarily due to a reduction in expenses associated with certain of our intangible assets that became fully amortized.
In constant currency, total margin and margin as a percentage of revenues increased in fiscal 2016 due to the growth in total revenues and the decrease in total
expenses for this segment.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations of 4 percentage points, software license updates and
product support revenues increased during fiscal 2015 relative to fiscal 2014 due to similar reasons as noted above for the fiscal 2016 increase. Excluding the
effects of currency rate fluctuations, the Americas region contributed 50%, the EMEA region contributed 36% and the Asia Pacific region contributed 14% to the
increase in software license updates and product support revenues during fiscal 2015.
Excluding the effects of favorable foreign currency rate fluctuations of 3 percentage points, total software license updates and product support expenses increased
during fiscal 2015 due to higher employee related expenses and facilities costs associated with increased headcount that was primarily attributable to acquisitions,
and also due to
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higher bad debt expenses. These fiscal 2015 expense increases were partially offset by fiscal 2015 expense decreases related to lower statutory obligation expenses
in the jurisdictions in which we operate and lower amortization of intangible assets.
In constant currency, total margin and margin as a percentage of revenues for this segment increased in fiscal 2015 as our total revenues increased at a faster rate
than our total expenses for this segment.
Hardware Business
Our hardware business consists of our hardware products segment and hardware support segment.
Hardware Products: Hardware products revenues are primarily generated from the sales of our Oracle Engineered Systems, computer server, storage,
networking, workstations and related devices and industry-specific hardware products. We market and sell our hardware products through our direct sales force and
indirect channels such as independent distributors and value-added resellers. Operating expenses associated with our hardware products include the cost of
hardware products, which consists of expenses for materials and labor used to produce these products by our internal manufacturing operations or by third-party
manufacturers, warranty expenses and the impact of periodic changes in inventory valuation, including the impact of inventory determined to be excess and
obsolete. Operating expenses associated with our hardware products also include sales and marketing expenses, which are largely personnel related and include
variable compensation earned by our sales force for the sales of our hardware products, and amortization of intangible assets.
(Dollars in millions)
Hardware Products Revenues:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Total revenues
(1)
Expenses:
Hardware products
Sales and marketing
Stock-based compensation
Amortization of intangible assets
(1)
Total expenses
Total Margin
Total Margin %
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
(2)
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
2016
Actual
Constant
2015
Actual
Constant
2014
$ 1,241
721
509
2,471
1,364
898
20
149
2,431
40
$
2%
50%
29%
21%
-17%
-10%
-5%
-13%
-7%
-1%
17%
-33%
-7%
-81%
-13% $ 1,492
797
536
2,825
-1%
1%
-7%
-1%
6%
17%
-33%
-1%
-80% $
1,465
911
17
223
2,616
209
7%
53%
28%
19%
-1%
-5%
-16%
-5%
-3%
-8%
47%
-19%
-6%
14%
1% $ 1,507
834
7%
635
-12%
2,976
0%
3%
-3%
47%
-19%
-1%
19% $
1,516
991
12
274
2,793
183
6%
51%
28%
21%
(1)
(2)
Excluding stock-based compensation
Included as a component of ‘Amortization of Intangible Assets’ in our consolidated statements of operations
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Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations of 6 percentage points, total hardware products revenues
decreased during fiscal 2016 due to reductions in sales volumes of certain of our product lines, including lower margin products. This decrease was partially offset
by incremental revenues during the first quarter of fiscal 2016 from our recently acquired companies, primarily MICROS. On a constant currency basis, fiscal 2016
total hardware products revenues declines in the Americas and EMEA regions were partially offset by slight growth in the Asia Pacific region.
Excluding the effects of favorable currency rate fluctuations of 6 percentage points, total hardware products expenses decreased in fiscal 2016 due to lower
hardware products costs associated with lower hardware products revenues, and due to a reduction in expenses associated with certain of our intangible assets that
became fully amortized.
In constant currency, total margin and total margin as a percentage of revenues decreased in fiscal 2016 for this segment due to the decrease in our total revenues.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations, total hardware products revenues were flat in fiscal 2015
as revenues from acquired companies, including MICROS, and increases in hardware revenues attributable to our Oracle Engineered Systems products were offset
by reductions in the sales volumes of certain of our other hardware product offerings. On a constant currency basis, revenue increases in the Americas and EMEA
regions were offset by revenue declines in the Asia Pacific region during fiscal 2015.
Excluding the effects of favorable currency rate fluctuations, total hardware products expenses decreased in fiscal 2015 primarily due to lower bad debt expenses
and a reduction in amortization of intangible assets. These fiscal 2015 expense decreases were partially offset by higher fiscal 2015 employee related expenses due
to increased headcount from our acquisitions and higher direct product costs that were primarily attributable to acquired products revenues.
In constant currency, total margin and margin as a percentage of revenues increased in fiscal 2015 due to the decrease in total expenses for this segment.
Hardware Support: Our hardware support offerings provide customers with software updates for software components that are essential to the functionality of
our hardware products, such as Oracle Solaris and certain other software products, and can include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support
services. Expenses associated with our hardware support operating segment include the cost of materials used to repair customer products, the cost of providing
support services, largely personnel related expenses, and the amortization of our intangible assets primarily associated with hardware support contracts and
customer relationships obtained from our acquisitions.
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(Dollars in millions)
Hardware Support Revenues:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Total revenues
Expenses:
Hardware support
Stock-based compensation
Amortization of intangible assets
(1)
(2)
Total expenses
Total Margin
Total Margin %
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
2016
Actual Constant
2015
Actual Constant
2014
$ 1,163
656
378
2,197
-7%
-9%
-9%
-8%
-4% $ 1,245
722
-1%
413
-1%
2,380
-3%
1%
-2%
-4%
-1%
3% $ 1,229
738
6%
429
1%
2,396
4%
-15%
-17%
-8%
-14%
-3%
-10%
-17%
-8%
-10%
3% $
$
688
5
146
839
1,358
62%
53%
30%
17%
810
6
158
974
1,406
59%
52%
30%
18%
-2%
3%
-32%
-9%
6%
2%
3%
-32%
-6%
11% $
830
6
231
1,067
1,329
55%
51%
31%
18%
(1)
(2)
Excluding stock-based compensation
Included as a component of ‘Amortization of Intangible Assets’ in our consolidated statements of operations
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations of 5 percentage points, hardware support revenues
decreased in fiscal 2016 due to reductions in sales volumes of certain of our hardware product lines for which we offer hardware support. This decrease was
partially offset by incremental revenues during the first quarter of fiscal 2016 that were primarily related to our acquisition of MICROS. On a constant currency
basis, the decrease in total hardware support revenues was attributable to revenue declines in all regions during fiscal 2016.
Excluding the effects of favorable currency rate fluctuations of 4 percentage points, total hardware support expenses decreased in fiscal 2016 primarily due to
reductions in employee related and other expenses from reduced headcount and reduced external contractor costs as we integrated MICROS into our operations,
due to a decrease in bad debt expenses, and due to a reduction in expenses associated with certain of our intangible assets that became fully amortized during fiscal
2016.
In constant currency, total hardware support margin and margin as a percentage of total revenues increased in fiscal 2016 due to the total expense reductions for
this segment.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations, hardware support revenues increased in fiscal 2015
primarily due to incremental revenues from acquired companies, primarily MICROS. The Americas region contributed 42%, the EMEA region contributed 52%
and the Asia Pacific region contributed 6% to the increase in hardware support revenues during fiscal 2015.
In constant currency, total hardware support expenses decreased in fiscal 2015 primarily due to reduced service delivery costs due to operational initiatives and a
decrease in amortization of intangible assets, partially offset by higher employee related expenses resulting from increased headcount from our acquisitions, higher
external contractor expenses and higher bad debt expenses.
In constant currency, total hardware support margin and margin as a percentage of total revenues increased in fiscal 2015 due to the increase in total revenues and
decrease in total expenses for this operating segment.
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Services Business
Our services business consists of consulting, advanced customer support services and education services. Consulting revenues are earned by providing services to
customers in business and IT strategy alignment, enterprise architecture planning and design, initial software implementation and integration, and ongoing software
enhancements and upgrades. Advanced customer support services are provided on-premise and remotely to our customers to enable increased performance and
higher availability of their Oracle products and services and also include certain other services. Education revenues are earned by providing instructor-led, live
virtual training, self-paced online training, private events and custom training in the use of our cloud, on-premise software and hardware offerings. The cost of
providing our services consists primarily of personnel related expenses, technology infrastructure expenditures, facilities expenses and external contractor
expenses.
(Dollars in millions)
Services Revenues:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Total revenues
Expenses:
Services
(1)
Stock-based compensation
Amortization of intangible assets
(2)
Total expenses
Total Margin
Total Margin %
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
2016
Actual Constant
2015
Actual Constant
2014
$ 1,716
1,033
640
3,389
-3%
-6%
-6%
-4%
1% $ 1,766
1,097
2%
683
1%
3,546
2%
-5%
-2%
-6%
-4%
-2% $ 1,850
1,125
6%
729
-1%
3,704
0%
2,722
29
8
2,759
630
19%
$
-6%
-6%
-47%
-6%
5%
0%
-6%
-47%
-1%
12% $
2,899
30
15
2,944
602
17%
51%
30%
19%
50%
31%
19%
-1%
2%
-12%
-1%
-18%
4%
2%
-12%
4%
-13% $
2,925
29
17
2,971
733
20%
50%
30%
20%
(1)
(2)
Excluding stock-based compensation
Included as a component of ‘Amortization of Intangible Assets’ in our consolidated statements of operations
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations of 6 percentage points, our total services revenues
increased during fiscal 2016 due primarily to revenue increases in our advanced customer support segment of which the majority of the growth was attributable to
our recent acquisitions. In constant currency, the Americas contributed 44%, EMEA contributed 44% and Asia Pacific contributed 12% to the fiscal 2016 growth in
our total services revenues.
Excluding the effects of favorable currency rate fluctuations of 5 percentage points, our total services expenses declined slightly in fiscal 2016 due to reduced
expenses in our consulting and education segments, which were partially offset by modest expense growth in our advanced customer services segment primarily
due to our recent acquisitions.
In constant currency, total services margin and total margin as a percentage of total services revenues increased in fiscal 2016 due to the increase in total revenues
and decrease in total expenses.
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Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: Excluding the effects of unfavorable currency rate fluctuations, our total services revenues were flat in fiscal 2015 as
incremental revenues from acquired companies, including MICROS, and an increase in fiscal 2015 advanced customer services revenues were offset by declines in
our fiscal 2015 consulting and education revenues. In constant currency, revenues growth in the EMEA region was offset by revenue declines in the Americas and
Asia Pacific regions during fiscal 2015.
Excluding the effects of favorable currency rate fluctuations, our total services expenses increased during fiscal 2015 due to higher employee related expenses
resulting from increased headcount from our acquisitions and were partially offset by lower variable compensation and lower external contractor costs.
In constant currency, total margin and margin as a percentage of total revenues decreased in fiscal 2015 due to the increase in total expenses for this business.
Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related expenditures. We intend to continue to invest
significantly in our research and development efforts because, in our judgment, they are essential to maintaining our competitive position.
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
(Dollars in millions)
Research and development
Stock-based compensation
Total expenses
(1)
% of Total Revenues
(1)
Excluding stock-based compensation
2016
$ 5,178
609
5,787
16%
$
Actual Constant
2015
Actual Constant
2014
4%
17%
5%
17%
5% $ 5,002
522
5,524
14%
7% $
5%
36%
7%
36%
6% $ 4,766
385
5,151
8% $
13%
On a constant currency basis, total research and development expenses increased during fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, each relative to the corresponding prior fiscal
year, primarily due to increased employee related expenses resulting from increased headcount, including additional headcount from our acquisitions, and also due
to increased infrastructure expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel related expenditures for IT, finance, legal and human
resources support functions.
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
(Dollars in millions)
General and administrative
Stock-based compensation
Total expenses
(1)
% of Total Revenues
(1)
Excluding stock-based compensation
$
2016
1,035
120
$ 1,155
3%
Actual Constant
2015
Actual Constant
2014
11%
-19%
7%
929
16% $
-19%
148
11% $ 1,077
3%
7%
-14%
4%
10% $
-14%
867
171
7% $ 1,038
3%
On a constant currency basis, total general and administrative expenses increased during fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, each relative to the corresponding prior fiscal
year, due to higher employee related expenses resulting from increased headcount and due to higher professional services expenses, primarily legal related
expenses.
Amortization of Intangible Assets: Substantially all of our intangible assets are acquired through our business combinations. We amortize our intangible assets
over, and monitor the appropriateness of, the estimated useful lives of these assets. We also periodically review these intangible assets for potential impairment
based upon relevant facts and circumstances. Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report has additional
information regarding our intangible assets and related amortization.
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(Dollars in millions)
Software support agreements and related relationships
Hardware support agreements and related relationships
Developed technology
Core technology
Customer relationships and contract backlog
SaaS, PaaS and IaaS agreements and related relationships and other
Trademarks
Total amortization of intangible assets
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
2016
358
$
145
559
89
217
212
58
$ 1,638
Actual
-33%
1%
-20%
-51%
-30%
4%
-25%
-24%
Constant
-33%
1%
-20%
-51%
-30%
4%
-25%
-24%
2015
531
$
144
700
182
312
203
77
$ 2,149
Actual
-7%
1%
-1%
-43%
-7%
35%
-1%
-7%
Constant
-7%
1%
-1%
-43%
-7%
35%
-1%
-7%
2014
571
$
143
706
318
334
150
78
$ 2,300
Amortization of intangible assets decreased during fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, each relative to the corresponding prior fiscal year, due to a reduction in expenses
associated with certain of our intangible assets that became fully amortized. These decreases were partially offset by additional amortization from intangible assets
associated with recently completed acquisitions. Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report has additional
information regarding our intangible assets and related amortization.
Acquisition Related and Other Expenses: Acquisition related and other expenses consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees,
stock-based compensation expenses, integration related professional services, certain business combination adjustments including certain adjustments after the
measurement period has ended and certain other operating items, net. Stock-based compensation expenses included in acquisition related and other expenses
resulted from unvested stock options and restricted stock-based awards assumed from acquisitions whereby vesting was accelerated upon termination of the
employees pursuant to the original terms of those stock options and restricted stock-based awards.
Year Ended May 31,
(Dollars in millions)
Transitional and other employee related costs
Stock-based compensation
Professional fees and other, net
Business combination adjustments, net
Total acquisition related and other expenses
Percent Change
Percent Change
Actual Constant
$
2016
2015
Actual
2014
45 -20% -19% $ 57 112% 120% $ 27
10
-48%
-48%
3 -43% -43%
5
20
10 128% 128%
(35) 274% 279%
(16)
(16) -109% -109% 184 1,235% 1,239%
41
$ 42 -80% -80% $ 211 412% 411% $
Constant
Acquisition related and other expenses decreased in fiscal 2016 and increased in fiscal 2015, each relative to the corresponding prior fiscal year, primarily due to a
$186 million goodwill impairment loss recorded during fiscal 2015. We also recorded an acquisition related benefit of $19 million and a litigation related benefit of
$53 million in fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively, which reduced our expenses in those periods.
Restructuring Expenses: Restructuring expenses resulted from the execution of management approved restructuring plans that were generally developed to
improve our cost structure and/or operations, often in conjunction with our acquisition integration strategies. Restructuring expenses consist of employee severance
costs and may also include charges for duplicate facilities and other contract termination costs to improve our cost structure prospectively. For additional
information regarding our restructuring plans, see Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
(Dollars in millions)
Restructuring expenses
2016
$ 458
68
Actual Constant
121%
145% $ 207
2015 Actual Constant
14%
2014
22% $ 183
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Restructuring expenses in fiscal 2016 primarily related to our 2015 Restructuring Plan. Restructuring expenses in fiscal 2015 primarily related to our 2015
Restructuring Plan and our 2013 Restructuring Plan. Restructuring expenses in fiscal 2014 primarily related to our 2013 Restructuring Plan. Actions pursuant to the
aforementioned plans were substantially complete as of May 31, 2016. We may incur restructuring expenses in future periods due to the initiation of new
restructuring plans or from changes in estimated costs associated with legacy restructuring plans.
Interest Expense:
(Dollars in millions)
Interest expense
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
2016
$ 1,467
Actual
28%
Constant
28%
2015
$ 1,143
Actual
25%
Constant
25%
2014
$ 914
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Interest expense increased in fiscal 2016 primarily due to higher average borrowings resulting from our issuance of $10.0
billion of senior notes in May 2015. We also issued $10.0 billion of senior notes in July 2014, which also contributed to additional interest expense during fiscal
2016 relative to fiscal 2015. These increases in interest expense during fiscal 2016 were partially offset by reductions in interest expense resulting from the maturity
and repayment of $2.0 billion of senior notes in January 2016. Interest expense was also reduced in fiscal 2016 by the maturity and repayment of $1.5 billion of
senior notes and the related fixed to variable interest rate swap agreements in July 2014. See Recent Financing Activities below and Note 8 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information regarding our borrowings.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: Interest expense increased in fiscal 2015 primarily due to higher average borrowings resulting from our issuance of $10.0
billion of senior notes in May 2015 and $10.0 billion of senior notes in July 2014. The increase in interest expense in fiscal 2015 was partially offset by a reduction
in interest expense during fiscal 2015 resulting from the maturity and repayment of $1.5 billion of senior notes and the related fixed to variable interest rate swap
agreements in July 2014.
Non-Operating Income (Expense), net: Non-operating income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income, net foreign currency exchange gains
(losses), the noncontrolling interests in the net profits of our majority-owned subsidiaries (primarily Oracle Financial Services Software Limited and Oracle Japan)
and net other income (losses), including net realized gains and losses related to all of our investments and net unrealized gains and losses related to the small
portion of our investment portfolio that we classify as trading.
Year Ended May 31,
(Dollars in millions)
Interest income
Foreign currency losses, net
Noncontrolling interests in income
Other (loss) income, net
Total non-operating income (expense), net
Percent Change
Actual Constant
Percent Change
Actual Constant
2016
2015
$ 538 54% 59% $ 349 33% 33% $ 263
(375)
(98)
69
(141)
(110) -30% -37%
2%
2%
(116)
(7) 126% 126%
305 188% 221% $
(157) -58% -59%
(113) 15% 15%
27 -60% -60%
106 175% 187% $
$
2014
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: On a constant currency basis, our non-operating income, net for fiscal 2016 increased due to higher interest income
resulting from higher interest rates and higher cash, cash equivalent and short-term investment balances and due to lower net foreign currency losses.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: On a constant currency basis, our non-operating income, net in fiscal 2015 increased due to lower net foreign currency
losses and due to higher interest income resulting from higher cash, cash equivalent and short-term investment balances. Included in foreign currency losses, net in
fiscal 2015 and 2014 were remeasurement losses of $23 million and $213 million, respectively, related to our Venezuelan subsidiary. Note 1 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report contains additional information regarding the foreign currency remeasurement losses
we incurred in all periods related to our Venezuelan subsidiary.
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Provision for Income Taxes: Our effective tax rate in all periods is the result of the mix of income earned in various tax jurisdictions that apply a broad range of
income tax rates. The provision for income taxes differs from the tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to certain earnings
considered as indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations, state taxes, the U.S. research and development tax credit, settlements with tax authorities and the U.S.
domestic production activity deduction. Future effective tax rates could be adversely affected if earnings are lower than anticipated in countries where we have
lower statutory tax rates, by unfavorable changes in tax laws and regulations or by adverse rulings in tax related litigation.
Percent Change
Percent Change
Year Ended May 31,
(Dollars in millions)
Provision for income taxes
Effective tax rate
2016
$ 2,541
22.2%
Actual Constant
-12%
2015
Actual Constant
2014
-5% $ 2,896
22.6%
5%
13% $ 2,749
20.1%
Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015: Provision for income taxes in fiscal 2016 decreased, relative to the provision for income taxes in fiscal 2015, due in
substantial part to lower net income before provision for income taxes during fiscal 2016, settlements with certain tax authorities, and the retroactive extension of
the U.S. research and development tax credit, which collectively were partially offset by unfavorable changes in the jurisdictional mix of our earnings during fiscal
2016.
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014: Provision for income taxes in fiscal 2015 increased, relative to the provision for income taxes in fiscal 2014, due in
substantial part to an unfavorable change in the jurisdictional mix of our fiscal 2015 earnings, and due to the effects of acquisition related settlements with tax
authorities in fiscal 2014 that were not present in fiscal 2015, which together were partially offset by lower fiscal 2015 income before provision for income taxes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
(Dollars in millions)
Working capital
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
2016
$ 47,105
56,125
$
Change
-2%
3%
As of May 31,
2015
$ 47,892
54,368
$
Change
42%
40%
2014
$ 33,739
38,819
$
Working capital: The decrease in working capital as of May 31, 2016 in comparison to May 31, 2015 was primarily due to $10.4 billion of cash used for
repurchases of our common stock, $2.5 billion of cash used to pay dividends to our stockholders and $1.2 billion of cash used for capital expenditures. These
unfavorable working capital movements were partially offset by the favorable impacts to our net current assets resulting from our net income during fiscal 2016
and cash proceeds from fiscal 2016 stock option exercises.
The increase in working capital as of May 31, 2015 in comparison to May 31, 2014 was primarily due to our issuance of $20.0 billion of long-term senior notes
during fiscal 2015, the favorable impact to our net current assets resulting from our net income during fiscal 2015 and, to a lesser extent, cash proceeds from stock
option exercises. These working capital increases were partially offset by $6.2 billion of net cash used for our acquisitions of MICROS and others, $8.1 billion of
cash used for repurchases of our common stock, the reclassification of $2.0 billion of senior notes that were due in January 2016 from long-term to current, and
$2.3 billion of cash used to pay dividends to our stockholders, all of which occurred during fiscal 2015.
Our working capital may be impacted by some or all of the aforementioned factors in future periods, the amounts and timing of which are variable.
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Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities: Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of deposits held at major banks, Tier-1 commercial paper and
other securities with original maturities of 90 days or less. Marketable securities consist of Tier-1 commercial paper debt securities, corporate debt securities and
certain other securities. The increase in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at May 31, 2016 in comparison to May 31, 2015 was primarily due to cash
inflows generated by our operations during fiscal 2016, $1.8 billion of net cash inflows from fiscal 2016 debt issuances, net of debt repayments, and cash inflows
from fiscal 2016 stock option exercises. These fiscal 2016 cash inflows were partially offset by fiscal 2016 cash outflows of $10.4 billion for repurchases of our
common stock, $2.5 billion for the fiscal 2016 payment of cash dividends to our stockholders, and $1.2 billion for fiscal 2016 capital expenditures. Cash, cash
equivalents and marketable securities included $48.2 billion held by our foreign subsidiaries as of May 31, 2016. We consider $42.6 billion of our undistributed
earnings as indefinitely reinvested in our foreign operations outside the United States. These undistributed earnings would be subject to U.S. income tax if
repatriated to the United States. Assuming a full utilization of the foreign tax credits, the potential deferred tax liability associated with these undistributed earnings
would be approximately $13.3 billion as of May 31, 2016 should the amounts be repatriated to the United States. The amount of cash, cash equivalents and
marketable securities that we report in U.S. Dollars for a significant portion of the cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances held by our foreign
subsidiaries is subject to translation adjustments caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period (the offset
to which is substantially recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheets and is also presented as a line item in our
consolidated statements of comprehensive income included elsewhere in this Annual Report). As the U.S. Dollar generally strengthened against certain major
international currencies during fiscal 2016, the amount of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities that we reported in U.S. Dollars for these subsidiaries
decreased on a net basis as of May 31, 2016 relative to what we would have reported using constant currency rates from our May 31, 2015 balance sheet date.
The increase in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at May 31, 2015 in comparison to May 31, 2014 was due to an increase in cash generated from our
fiscal 2015 operating activities, our issuance of $20.0 billion of senior notes in fiscal 2015, and to a lesser extent, cash proceeds from fiscal 2015 stock option
exercises. These fiscal 2015 cash inflows were partially offset by fiscal 2015 cash outflows of $6.2 billion of net cash paid for our acquisitions of MICROS and
others, $8.1 billion of fiscal 2015 repurchases of our common stock, the repayment of $1.5 billion of senior notes and $2.3 billion used for the payment of fiscal
2015 cash dividends to our stockholders. Additionally, our reported cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances as of May 31, 2015 decreased on a
net basis in comparison to May 31, 2014 as the U.S. Dollar generally strengthened in comparison to most major international currencies during fiscal 2015.
Days sales outstanding, which we calculate by dividing period end accounts receivable by average daily sales for the quarter, was 46 days at May 31, 2016
compared with 47 days at May 31, 2015. The days sales outstanding calculation excludes the impact of any revenue adjustments resulting from business
combinations that reduced our acquired cloud SaaS and PaaS obligations, software license updates and product support obligations and hardware support
obligations to fair value.
(Dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used for investing activities
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities
Year Ended May 31,
2015
Change
2016
13,561
2014
$
14,921
$ (5,154) -73% $ (19,047) 153% $ (7,539)
(4,068)
$
(9,856) 200% $
9,850 342% $
14,336
-4% $
-5% $
Change
Cash flows from operating activities: Our largest source of operating cash flows is cash collections from our customers following the purchase and renewal of
their software license updates and product support agreements. Payments from customers for these support agreements are generally received near the beginning of
the contracts’ terms, which are generally one year in length. Over the course of a fiscal year, we also have historically generated cash from the sales of new
software licenses, cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings, hardware products, hardware support arrangements, and services. Our primary uses of cash from operating
activities are for employee related expenditures, material and manufacturing costs related to the production of our hardware products, taxes and leased facilities.
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Net cash provided by operating activities decreased in fiscal 2016 and 2015 primarily due to the cash unfavorable effects of lower net income and the related
unfavorable currency rate fluctuations on our net income in each fiscal year relative to the corresponding prior year period.
Cash flows from investing activities: The changes in cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to our acquisitions, the timing of our purchases,
maturities and sales of our investments in marketable debt securities and investments in capital and other assets, including certain intangible assets, to support our
growth.
Fiscal
2016
Compared
to
Fiscal
2015:
Net cash used for investing activities decreased in fiscal 2016 relative to fiscal 2015 primarily due to a decrease in net
cash used to purchase marketable securities (net of proceeds received from sales and maturities) and a decrease in cash used for acquisitions, net of cash acquired.
Fiscal
2015
Compared
to
Fiscal
2014:
Net cash used for investing activities increased in fiscal 2015 relative to fiscal 2014 primarily due to an increase in cash
used for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and an increase in net cash used to purchase marketable securities (net of proceeds received from sales and maturities).
Cash flows from financing activities: The changes in cash flows from financing activities primarily relate to borrowings and repayments related to our debt
instruments as well as stock repurchases, dividend payments and net proceeds related to employee stock programs.
Fiscal
2016
Compared
to
Fiscal
2015:
We used net cash for financing activities of $9.9 billion during fiscal 2016 in comparison to net cash provided by
financing activities of $9.9 billion during fiscal 2015. Cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2016 was primarily due to cash outflows of $10.4 billion for
fiscal 2016 common stock repurchases and $2.5 billion for fiscal 2016 dividend payments, partially offset by $1.8 billion of cash inflows from fiscal 2016 debt
issuances, net of repayments. Cash provided by financing activities of $9.9 billion during fiscal 2015 was primarily due to $18.3 billion of net cash inflows from
fiscal 2015 debt issuances, net of repayments, partially offset by $8.1 billion of cash used for fiscal 2015 common stock repurchases and $2.3 billion of cash used
for fiscal 2015 dividend payments.
Fiscal
2015
Compared
to
Fiscal
2014:
Net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2015 increased in comparison to net cash used by financing activities in
fiscal 2014 primarily due to a net increase in borrowings in fiscal 2015 as well as lower stock repurchase activity during fiscal 2015. These favorable impacts to our
financing cash flows during fiscal 2015 were partially offset by the repayment of $1.5 billion of borrowings pursuant to senior notes maturities during fiscal 2015
(no repayments during fiscal 2014).
Free cash flow: To supplement our statements of cash flows presented on a GAAP basis, we use non-GAAP measures of cash flows on a trailing 4-quarter basis
to analyze cash flows generated from our operations. We believe free cash flow is also useful as one of the bases for comparing our performance with our
competitors. The presentation of non-GAAP free cash flow is not meant to be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income as an indicator of our
performance, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. We calculate free cash flow as follows:
(Dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities
Capital expenditures
Free cash flow
Net income
Free cash flow as percent of net income
2016
$ 13,561
(1,189)
12,372
8,901
139%
$
$
72
Change
Year Ended May 31,
2015
Change
2014
-15%
-5% $ 14,336
(1,391)
12,945
9,938
130%
-4% $
$
-4% $ 14,921
(580)
14,341
140%
-10% $
$
10,955
131%
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Long-Term Customer Financing: We offer certain of our customers the option to acquire our software products, hardware products and services offerings
through separate long-term payment contracts. We generally sell these contracts that we have financed for our customers on a non-recourse basis to financial
institutions within 90 days of the contracts’ dates of execution. We generally record the transfers of amounts due from customers to financial institutions as sales of
financing receivables because we are considered to have surrendered control of these financing receivables. We financed $1.2 billion in fiscal 2016, and $1.6
billion in each of fiscal 2015 and 2014, or approximately 16%, 19% and 17%, respectively, of our new software licenses revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014.
We financed $159 million, $172 million and $168 million of our hardware products revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, or approximately 6% in
each of fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 of our hardware products revenues.
Recent Financing Activities:
Revolving Credit Agreement : In May 2016, we entered into three revolving credit agreements with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as initial lender and
administrative agent (the 2016 Credit Agreements) and borrowed $3.8 billion pursuant to these agreements. The 2016 Credit Agreements provided us with short-
term borrowings for working capital and other general corporate purposes. Interest for the 2016 Credit Agreements is based on either (1) a LIBOR-based formula
or (2) the Base Rate formula, each as set forth in the 2016 Credit Agreements. The borrowings are due and payable on June 27, 2016, which is the termination date
of the 2016 Credit Agreements. Additional details regarding the 2016 Credit Agreements are included in Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Senior Notes : In January 2016, our $2.0 billion 5.25% senior notes due January 2016 matured and were repaid.
Cash Dividends : In fiscal 2016, we declared and paid cash dividends of $0.60 per share that totaled $2.5 billion. In June 2016, our Board of Directors declared a
quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share of our outstanding common stock payable on July 27, 2016 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on July
6, 2016. Future declarations of dividends and the establishment of future record and payment dates are subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors.
Common Stock Repurchases : Our Board of Directors has approved a program for us to repurchase shares of our common stock. On March 15, 2016, we
announced that our Board of Directors approved an expansion of our stock repurchase program by an additional $10.0 billion. As of May 31, 2016, approximately
$8.8 billion remained available for stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program. We repurchased 271.9 million shares for $10.4 billion, 193.7
million shares for $8.1 billion, and 280.4 million shares for $9.8 billion in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our stock repurchase authorization does not
have an expiration date and the pace of our repurchase activity will depend on factors such as our working capital needs, our cash requirements for acquisitions and
dividend payments, our debt repayment obligations (described further below) or repurchases of our debt, our stock price, and economic and market conditions. Our
stock repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan. Our stock repurchase program may be
accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time.
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Contractual Obligations: The contractual obligations presented in the table below represent our estimates of future payments under fixed contractual obligations
and commitments. Changes in our business needs, cancellation provisions, changing interest rates and other factors may result in actual payments differing from
these estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timing and amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant
assumptions used in preparing this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The following is a
summary of certain of our contractual obligations as of May 31, 2016:
(Dollars in millions)
Principal payments on borrowings
Interest payments on borrowings
(1)
Operating leases
Purchase obligations and other
(3)
(2)
(1)
Total contractual obligations
Total
$ 44,241
19,756
1,238
894
66,129
$
2017
$ 3,750
1,337
328
574
5,989
$
2018
$ 6,000
1,315
273
153
7,741
Year Ending May 31,
2019
$ 2,000
1,154
211
91
3,456
$
$
2020
$ 4,500
1,083
152
68
5,803
$
2021
$ 2,655
1,010
110
8
3,783
$
Thereafter
$ 25,336
13,857
164
—
39,357
$
(1)
Represents the principal balances and interest payments to be paid in connection with our senior notes and other borrowings outstanding as of May 31, 2016 after considering:
• certain interest rate swap agreements for certain series of senior notes that have the economic effect of modifying the fixed-interest obligations associated with these senior notes so that they effectively
became variable pursuant to a LIBOR-based index. Interest payments on these senior notes have been presented in the table above after consideration of these fixed to variable interest rate swap
agreements and are subject to change in future periods;
• interest payments on our floating-rate senior notes that are based upon the interest rates applicable to the senior notes as of May 31, 2016 and are subject to change in future periods; and
• certain cross-currency swap agreements for a series of our Euro denominated senior notes that have the economic effect of converting our fixed-rate, Euro-denominated debt, including annual interest
payments and the payment of principal at maturity, to a fixed-rate, U.S. Dollar-denominated debt with a fixed annual interest rate. Principal and interest payments for these senior notes were calculated
and presented in the table above based on the terms of these cross-currency swap agreements. Principal and interest payments for our other Euro-denominated senior notes presented in the contractual
obligations table above were estimated using foreign currency exchange rates as of May 31, 2016 and are subject to change in future periods.
Refer to Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information related to our notes payable and other borrowings and related derivative
agreements.
(2)
(3)
Primarily represents leases of facilities and includes future minimum rent payments for facilities that we have vacated pursuant to our restructuring and merger integration activities. We have approximately
$54 million in facility obligations, net of estimated sublease income, for certain vacated locations in accrued restructuring on our consolidated balance sheet at May 31, 2016.
Primarily represents amounts associated with agreements that are enforceable and legally binding and specify terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price
provisions; and the approximate timing of the payment. We utilize several external manufacturers to manufacture sub-assemblies for our hardware products and to perform final assembly and testing of
finished hardware products. We also obtain individual hardware components for our products from a variety of individual suppliers based on projected demand information. Such purchase commitments are
based on our forecasted component and manufacturing requirements and typically provide for fulfillment within agreed upon lead-times and/or commercially standard lead-times for the particular part or
product and have been included in the amount presented in the above contractual obligations table. Routine arrangements for other materials and goods that are not related to our external manufacturers and
certain other suppliers and that are entered into in the ordinary course of business are not included in the amounts presented above, as they are generally entered into in order to secure pricing or other
negotiated terms and are difficult to quantify in a meaningful way.
In June 2016, we acquired certain companies to expand our cloud industry solutions offerings. These acquisitions were not individually significant. In the
aggregate, the estimated total preliminary purchase price was $1.3 billion.
As of May 31, 2016, we had $5.3 billion of gross unrecognized income tax benefits, including related interest and penalties, recorded on our consolidated balance
sheet, and all such obligations have been excluded from the contractual obligations table above due to the uncertainty as to when they might be settled. We cannot
make a reasonably reliable estimate of the period in which the remainder of our unrecognized income tax benefits will be settled or released with the relevant tax
authorities, although we believe it is reasonably possible that certain of these liabilities could be settled or released during fiscal 2017.
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We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital,
capital expenditures and contractual obligation requirements. In addition, we believe that we could fund any future acquisitions, dividend payments and repurchases
of common stock or debt with our internally available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, cash generated from operations, additional borrowings or
from the issuance of additional securities.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our
financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to
investors.
Selected Quarterly Financial Data
Quarterly revenues, expenses and operating income have historically been affected by a variety of seasonal factors, including the structure of sales force incentive
compensation plans. In addition, our European operations generally provide lower revenues in our first fiscal quarter because of the reduced economic activity in
Europe during the summer. These seasonal factors are common in the technology industry. These factors have caused a decrease in our first quarter revenues as
compared to revenues in the immediately preceding fourth quarter, which historically has been our highest revenue quarter within a particular fiscal year. Similarly,
the operating income of our business is affected by seasonal factors in a similar manner as our revenues (in particular, our cloud software and on-premise software
segment) as certain expenses within our cost structure are relatively fixed in the short term. We expect these trends to continue in fiscal 2017.
The following tables set forth selected unaudited quarterly information for our last eight fiscal quarters. We believe that all necessary adjustments, which consisted
only of normal recurring adjustments, have been included in the amounts stated below to present fairly the results of such periods when read in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The sum of the quarterly financial information may vary from annual
data due to rounding.
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues
Gross profit
Operating income
Net income
Earnings per share—basic
Earnings per share—diluted
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues
Gross profit
Operating income
Net income
Earnings per share—basic
Earnings per share—diluted
August 31
$ 8,448
$ 6,561
$ 2,654
$ 1,747
0.40
$
0.40
$
August 31
$ 8,596
$ 6,878
$ 2,963
$ 2,184
0.49
$
0.48
$
Fiscal 2016 Quarter Ended (Unaudited)
February 29
November 30
9,012
$
8,993
$
7,139
$
7,105
$
3,027
$
2,955
$
2,142
$
2,197
$
0.51
$
0.52
$
0.50
$
0.51
$
Fiscal 2015 Quarter Ended (Unaudited)
February 28
November 30
9,327
$
9,598
$
7,394
$
7,657
$
3,383
$
3,542
$
2,495
$
2,502
$
0.57
$
0.57
$
0.56
$
0.56
$
May 31
$ 10,594
8,640
$
3,968
$
2,814
$
0.68
$
0.66
$
May 31
$ 10,706
8,611
$
3,982
$
2,758
$
0.63
$
0.62
$
Restricted Stock-Based Awards and Stock Options
Our stock-based compensation program is a key component of the compensation package we provide to attract and retain certain of our talented employees and
align their interests with the interests of existing stockholders.
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We recognize that restricted stock-based awards and stock options dilute existing stockholders and have sought to control the number of stock-based awards
granted while providing competitive compensation packages. Consistent with these dual goals, our cumulative potential dilution since June 1, 2013 has been a
weighted-average annualized rate of 1.6% per year. The potential dilution percentage is calculated as the average annualized new restricted stock-based awards or
stock options granted and assumed, net of restricted stock-based awards and stock options forfeited by employees leaving the company, divided by the weighted-
average outstanding shares during the calculation period. This maximum potential dilution will only result if all restricted stock-based awards vest and stock
options are exercised. Of the outstanding stock options at May 31, 2016, which generally have a ten-year exercise period, 13.3% have exercise prices higher than
the market price of our common stock on such date. In recent years, our stock repurchase program has more than offset the dilutive effect of our stock-based
compensation program; however, we may reduce the level of our stock repurchases in the future, as we may use our available cash for acquisitions, to pay
dividends, to repay or repurchase indebtedness or for other purposes. At May 31, 2016, the maximum potential dilution from all outstanding restricted stock-based
awards and unexercised stock options, regardless of when granted and regardless of whether vested or unvested and including stock options where the strike price
is higher than the market price as of such date, was 10.3%.
The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors reviews and approves the organization-wide stock-based award grants to selected employees, all stock-
based award grants to executive officers and any individual grant of stock-based awards in excess of 100,000 stock option equivalent shares. A separate Plan
Committee, which is an executive officer committee, approves individual stock-based award grants of up to 100,000 stock option equivalent shares to non-
executive officers and employees. Restricted stock-based award and stock option activity from June 1, 2013 through May 31, 2016 is summarized as follows
(shares in millions):
Restricted stock-based awards and stock options outstanding at May 31, 2013
Restricted stock-based awards and stock options granted
Restricted stock-based awards and stock options assumed
Restricted stock-based awards vested and stock options exercised
Forfeitures, cancellations and other, net
Restricted stock-based awards and stock options outstanding at May 31, 2016
Weighted-average annualized restricted stock-based awards and stock options granted and assumed, net of forfeitures and cancellations
Weighted-average annualized stock repurchases
Shares outstanding at May 31, 2016
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding from June 1, 2013 through May 31, 2016
Restricted stock-based awards and stock options outstanding as a percent of shares outstanding at May 31, 2016
Total restricted stock-based awards and in the money stock options outstanding (based on the closing price of our common stock on the last trading day
of fiscal 2016) as a percent of shares outstanding at May 31, 2016
Weighted-average annualized restricted stock-based awards and stock options granted and assumed, net of forfeitures and cancellations and before
stock repurchases, as a percent of weighted-average shares outstanding from June 1, 2013 through May 31, 2016
Weighted-average annualized restricted stock-based awards and stock options granted and assumed, net of forfeitures and cancellations and after stock
repurchases, as a percent of weighted-average shares outstanding from June 1, 2013 through May 31, 2016
448
252
12
(226)
(59)
427
68
(249)
4,131
4,384
10.3%
9.1%
1.6%
-4.1%
Our Compensation Committee approves the annual organization-wide stock-based award grants to certain employees. These annual stock-based award grants are
generally made during the ten business day period following the second trading day after the announcement of our fiscal fourth quarter earnings report.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements and the impact of these pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 1 of
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Interest Income Risk
Our bank deposits and time deposits are generally held with large, diverse financial institutions worldwide with high investment-grade credit ratings or financial
institutions that meet investment-grade ratings criteria, which we believe mitigates credit risk and certain other risks. In addition, as of May 31, 2016, substantially
all of our marketable securities are high quality with approximately 28% having maturity dates within one year and 72% having maturity dates within one to six
years (a description of our marketable securities held is included in Note 3 and Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this
Annual Report and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” above). We hold a mix of both fixed and floating-rate debt securities. The fair values of our fixed-rate debt
securities are impacted by interest rate movements and if interest rates would have been higher by 50 basis points as of May 31, 2016, we estimate the change
would have decreased the fair values of our marketable securities holdings by $282 million. Our floating-rate debt securities serve to lower the overall risk to our
investments portfolio associated with the risk of rising interest rates. Substantially all of our marketable securities are designated as available-for-sale. We generally
do not use our investments for trading purposes.
Changes in the overall level of interest rates affect the interest income that is generated from our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. For fiscal 2016,
total interest income was $538 million with our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities investments yielding an average 1.16% on a worldwide basis. The
table below presents the approximate fair values of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and the related weighted-average interest rates for our
investment portfolio at May 31, 2016 and 2015.
(Dollars in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
Marketable securities
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
Interest Expense Risk
Interest Expense Risk — Fixed to Variable Interest Rate Swap Agreements
2016
2015
May 31,
Weighted-
Average
Interest
Rate
0.35%
1.62%
1.16%
Fair Value
$ 20,152
35,973
56,125
$
Fair Value
$ 21,716
32,652
54,368
$
Weighted-
Average
Interest
Rate
0.36%
1.07%
0.79%
Our total borrowings were $43.9 billion as of May 31, 2016, consisting of $37.8 billion of fixed-rate borrowings, $2.3 billion of floating-rate borrowings (Floating-
Rate Notes) and $3.8 billion of short-term borrowings under a revolving credit agreement (Short-Term Borrowings).
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We have entered into certain interest rate swap agreements that have the economic effect of modifying the fixed-interest obligations associated with our $1.5 billion
of 2.375% senior notes due January 2019 (January 2019 Notes), our $2.0 billion of 2.25% senior notes due October 2019 (October 2019 Notes), and our $1.5
billion of 2.80% senior notes due July 2021 (July 2021 Notes) so that the interest payable on these senior notes effectively became variable based on LIBOR. The
critical terms of the interest rate swap agreements match the critical terms of the January 2019 Notes, October 2019 Notes, and July 2021 Notes that the interest rate
swap agreements pertain to, including the notional amounts and maturity dates. We do not use these interest rate swap arrangements or our fixed-rate borrowings
for trading purposes. We are accounting for these interest rate swap agreements as fair value hedges pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives
and
Hedging
(ASC 815).
The total fair value gain of these fixed to variable interest rate swap agreements as of May 31, 2016 was $122 million. If LIBOR-based interest rates would have
been higher by 100 basis points as of May 31, 2016, the change would have decreased the fair values of the fixed to variable swap agreements by $185 million.
Additional details regarding our senior notes and related interest rate swap agreements are included in Notes 8 and 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
By issuing the Floating-Rate Notes and the Short-Term Borrowings, and by entering into the aforementioned interest rate swap arrangements, we have assumed
risks associated with variable interest rates based upon LIBOR. As of May 31, 2016, the weighted-average interest rate associated with our Floating-Rate Notes,
Short-Term Borrowings and January 2019 Notes, October 2019 Notes and July 2021 Notes, after considering the effects of the aforementioned interest rate swap
arrangements, was 1.14%. Changes in the overall level of interest rates affect the interest expense that we recognize in our statements of operations. An interest rate
risk sensitivity analysis is used to measure interest rate risk by computing estimated changes in cash flows as a result of assumed changes in market interest rates.
As of May 31, 2016, if LIBOR-based interest rates would have been higher by 100 basis points, the change would have increased our interest expense annually by
approximately $76 million as it relates to our fixed to variable interest rate swap agreements and floating-rate borrowings.
Currency Risk
Foreign Currency Transaction Risk — Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
We transact business in various foreign currencies and have established a program that primarily utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to offset the risks
associated with the effects of certain foreign currency exposures. Under this program, our strategy is to enter into foreign currency forward contracts so that
increases or decreases in our foreign currency exposures are offset by gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts in order to mitigate the risks and
volatility associated with our foreign currency transactions. We may suspend this program from time to time. Our foreign currency exposures typically arise from
intercompany sublicense fees, intercompany loans and other intercompany transactions. Our foreign currency forward contracts are generally short-term in
duration.
Neither do we use these foreign currency forward contracts for trading purposes nor do we designate these forward contracts as hedging instruments pursuant to
ASC 815. Accordingly, we record the fair values of these contracts as of the end of our reporting period to our consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair
values recorded to our consolidated statement of operations. Given the short duration of the forward contracts, amounts recorded generally are not significant. The
balance sheet classification for the fair values of these forward contracts is prepaid expenses and other current assets for forward contracts in an unrealized gain
position and other current liabilities for forward contracts in an unrealized loss position. The statement of operations classification for changes in fair values of
these forward contracts is non-operating income (expense), net for both realized and unrealized gains and losses.
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We expect that we will continue to realize gains or losses with respect to our foreign currency exposures, net of gains or losses from our foreign currency forward
contracts. Our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to foreign currency exposures will generally depend on the size and type of cross-currency transactions
that we enter into, the currency exchange rates associated with these exposures and changes in those rates, the net realized gain or loss on our foreign currency
forward contracts and other factors. As of May 31, 2016 and 2015, the notional amounts of the forward contracts we held to purchase U.S. Dollars in exchange for
other major international currencies were $2.7 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively. As of May 31, 2016 and 2015, the notional amounts of forward contracts we
held to sell U.S. Dollars in exchange for other major international currencies were $2.0 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. The fair values of our outstanding
foreign currency forward contracts were nominal at May 31, 2016 and 2015. Net foreign exchange transaction losses included in non-operating income (expense),
net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations were $110 million, $157 million and $375 million in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Included in the net foreign exchange transaction losses for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 were foreign currency remeasurement losses relating to our Venezuelan
subsidiary’s operations of $7 million, $23 million and $213 million, respectively (see Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in
this Annual Report for additional information). As a large portion of our consolidated operations are international, we could experience additional foreign currency
volatility in the future, the amounts and timing of which are unknown.
Foreign Currency Translation Risk—Impact on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
Fluctuations in foreign currencies impact the amount of total assets and liabilities that we report for our foreign subsidiaries upon the translation of these amounts
into U.S. Dollars. In particular, the amount of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities that we report in U.S. Dollars for a significant portion of the cash
held by these subsidiaries is subject to translation variance caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period
(the offset to which is substantially recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss on our consolidated balance sheet and is also presented as a line item in our
consolidated statements of comprehensive income included elsewhere in this Annual Report).
As the U.S. Dollar fluctuated against certain international currencies as of the end of fiscal 2016, the amount of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
that we reported in U.S. Dollars for foreign subsidiaries that hold international currencies as of May 31, 2016 decreased relative to what we would have reported
using a constant currency rate as of May 31, 2015. As reported in our consolidated statements of cash flows, the estimated effects of exchange rate changes on our
reported cash and cash equivalents balances in U.S. Dollars for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 were decreases of $115 million, $1.2 billion and $158 million,
respectively. The following table includes estimates of the U.S. Dollar equivalent of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities denominated in certain major
foreign currencies that we held as of May 31, 2016:
(in millions)
Euro
Japanese Yen
Indian Rupee
Chinese Renminbi
Canadian Dollar
British Pound
Swiss Franc
Australian Dollar
Other foreign currencies
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies
U.S. Dollar
Equivalent at
May 31, 2016
2,430
$
618
493
442
369
262
191
184
1,806
6,795
$
If overall foreign currency exchange rates in comparison to the U.S. Dollar uniformly would have been weaker by 10%, the amount of cash, cash equivalents and
marketable securities we would report in U.S. Dollars would have decreased by approximately $680 million, assuming constant foreign currency cash, cash
equivalents and marketable securities balances.
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Foreign Currency Translation Risk — Net Investment Hedge
In July 2013, we issued €750 million of 3.125% senior notes due July 2025 (July 2025 Notes). We designated the July 2025 Notes as a net investment hedge of our
investments in certain of our international subsidiaries that use the Euro as their functional currency in order to reduce the volatility in stockholders’ equity caused
by the changes in foreign currency exchange rates of the Euro with respect to the U.S. Dollar. As a result, provided there is no ineffectiveness related to the hedge,
the change in the carrying value of the Euro-denominated July 2025 Notes due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on the effective portion is
recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on our consolidated balance sheet and is also presented as a line item in our consolidated statements of
comprehensive income included elsewhere in this Annual Report and totaled $25 million of net other comprehensive losses for fiscal 2016. Any remaining change
in the carrying value of the July 2025 Notes representing any ineffective portion of the net investment hedge is recognized in non-operating income (expense), net.
We did not record any ineffectiveness during fiscal 2016.
Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the Euro and the U.S. Dollar will impact the amount of U.S. Dollars that we will require to settle the July 2025 Notes at
maturity. If the U.S. Dollar would have been weaker by 10% in comparison to the Euro as of May 31, 2016, we estimate our obligation to cash settle the principal
portion of the July 2025 Notes in U.S. Dollars would have increased by approximately $84 million.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The response to this item is submitted as a separate section of this Annual Report. See Part IV, Item 15.
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our
Disclosure Committee and our management, including our Principal Executive Officers (one of whom is our Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of the
design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Disclosure controls are procedures that
are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, such as this
Annual Report on Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Disclosure controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive
Officers (one of whom is our Principal Financial Officer), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our quarterly evaluation of
disclosure controls includes an evaluation of some components of our internal control over financial reporting. We also perform a separate annual evaluation of
internal control over financial reporting for the purpose of providing the management report below.
The evaluation of our disclosure controls included a review of their objectives and design, our implementation of the controls and the effect of the controls on the
information generated for use in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the course of the controls evaluation, we reviewed data errors or control problems identified
and sought to confirm that appropriate corrective actions, including process improvements, were being undertaken. This type of evaluation is performed on a
quarterly basis so that the conclusions of management, including our Principal Executive Officers (one of whom is our Principal Financial Officer), concerning the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls can be reported in our periodic reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K. Many of the components of our disclosure controls
are also evaluated on an ongoing basis by both our internal audit and finance organizations. The overall goals of these various evaluation activities are to monitor
our disclosure controls and to modify them as necessary. We intend to maintain our disclosure controls as dynamic processes and procedures that we adjust as
circumstances merit.
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Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our Principal Executive Officers, one of whom is our Principal Financial Officer), as of the end of
the period covered by this report, our Principal Executive Officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules
13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officers (one of whom is our
Principal Financial Officer), we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016 based on the
guidelines established in Internal
Control—Integrated
Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s 2013
framework. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Based on the results of our evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of May 31, 2016. We reviewed
the results of management’s assessment with our Finance and Audit Committee.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules
13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over
financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including our Principal Executive Officers (one of whom is our Principal Financial Officer), believes that our disclosure controls and procedures
and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance
level. However, our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors
and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control
system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered
relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and
instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns
can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more
people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of
future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations
in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this item relating to our executive officers is included under the caption “Executive
Officers of the Registrant” in Part I of this Annual Report.
The other information required by this Item 10 is incorporated by reference from the information contained in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the solicitation of proxies for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (2016 Proxy Statement) under the
sections entitled “Board of Directors—Nominees for Directors,” “Board of Directors—Committees, Membership and Meetings,” “Board of Directors—
Committees, Membership and Meetings—The Finance and Audit Committee,” “Corporate Governance—Employee Matters—Code of Conduct,” and “Section
16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference from the information to be contained in our 2016 Proxy Statement under the sections entitled
“Board of Directors—Committees, Membership and Meetings—The Compensation Committee—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,”
“Board of Directors—Director Compensation,” and “Executive Compensation.”
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference from the information to be contained in our 2016 Proxy Statement under the sections
entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Executive Compensation—Equity Compensation Plan Information.”
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference from the information to be contained in our 2016 Proxy Statement under the sections
entitled “Corporate Governance—Board of Directors and Director Independence” and “Transactions with Related Persons.”
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference from the information to be contained in our 2016 Proxy Statement under the section
entitled “Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The following financial statements are filed as a part of this report:
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2016 and 2015
Statements of Operations for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Statements of Equity for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules
The following financial statement schedule is filed as a part of this report:
Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
(b) Exhibits
The information required by this Item is set forth in the Index of Exhibits that follows the signature page of this Annual Report.
83
Page
84
86
87
88
89
90
91
Page
136
Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Oracle Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Oracle Corporation as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of
operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2016. Our audits also included the financial
statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) 2. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on
a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Oracle Corporation at May
31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2016, in conformity with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial
statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Oracle Corporation’s internal control
over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated June 22, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
San Jose, California
June 22, 2016
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Oracle Corporation
We have audited Oracle Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). Oracle Corporation’s
management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over
financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our
audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the
design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the
circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial
reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions
and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with
authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with
the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Oracle Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, based on the COSO
criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of
Oracle Corporation as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of
the three years in the period ended May 31, 2016 of Oracle Corporation and our report dated June 22, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
San Jose, California
June 22, 2016
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ORACLE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of May 31, 2016 and 2015
(in millions, except per share data)
Current assets:
ASSETS
May 31,
2016
2015
Cash and cash equivalents
Marketable securities
Trade receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $327 and $285 as of May 31, 2016 and 2015,
$
20,152
35,973
$
respectively
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Total current assets
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net
Intangible assets, net
Goodwill, net
Deferred tax assets
Other assets
Total non-current assets
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Notes payable, current
Accounts payable
Accrued compensation and related benefits
Deferred revenues
Other current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Non-current liabilities:
Notes payable, non-current
Income taxes payable
Other non-current liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Oracle Corporation stockholders’ equity:
5,385
212
2,591
64,313
4,000
4,943
34,590
1,291
3,043
47,867
112,180
3,750
504
1,966
7,655
3,333
17,208
40,105
4,908
2,169
47,182
$
$
$
$
21,716
32,652
5,618
314
2,220
62,520
3,686
6,406
34,087
1,458
2,746
48,383
110,903
1,999
806
1,839
7,245
3,317
15,206
39,959
4,386
2,254
46,599
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized: 1.0 shares; outstanding: none
Common stock, $0.01 par value and additional paid in capital—authorized: 11,000 shares; outstanding: 4,131 shares
and 4,343 shares as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Total Oracle Corporation stockholders’ equity
Noncontrolling interests
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
86
—
—
24,217
23,888
(816)
47,289
501
47,790
$ 112,180
23,156
26,503
(996)
48,663
435
49,098
$ 110,903
Table of Contents
ORACLE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(in millions, except per share data)
Revenues:
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service
Cloud infrastructure as a service
Total cloud revenues
New software licenses
Software license updates and product support
Total on-premise software revenues
Total cloud and on-premise software revenues
Hardware products
Hardware support
Total hardware revenues
Total services revenues
Total revenues
Operating expenses:
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Sales and marketing
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service
Cloud infrastructure as a service
Software license updates and product support
Hardware products
Hardware support
(1)
Services
(1)
Research and development
General and administrative
Amortization of intangible assets
Acquisition related and other
Restructuring
Total operating expenses
Operating income
Interest expense
Non-operating income (expense), net
Income before provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income
Earnings per share:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
Dividends declared per common share
(1)
Exclusive of amortization of intangible assets, which is shown separately
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
87
2016
Year Ended May 31,
2015
2014
$
2,207
646
2,853
7,276
18,861
26,137
28,990
2,471
2,197
4,668
3,389
37,047
7,884
1,152
366
1,146
1,371
693
2,751
5,787
1,155
1,638
42
458
24,443
12,604
(1,467)
305
11,442
2,541
8,901
$
$
$
$
2.11
2.07
4,221
4,305
0.60
$
1,485
608
2,093
8,535
18,847
27,382
29,475
2,825
2,380
5,205
3,546
38,226
7,655
773
344
1,199
1,471
816
2,929
5,524
1,077
2,149
211
207
24,355
13,871
(1,143)
106
12,834
2,896
9,938
$
$
$
$
2.26
2.21
4,404
4,503
0.51
$
1,121
456
1,577
9,416
18,206
27,622
29,199
2,976
2,396
5,372
3,704
38,275
7,567
455
308
1,162
1,521
836
2,954
5,151
1,038
2,300
41
183
23,516
14,759
(914)
(141)
13,704
2,749
10,955
$
$
$
$
2.42
2.38
4,528
4,604
0.48
Table of Contents
ORACLE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Years Ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(in millions)
Net income
Other comprehensive gain (loss), net of tax:
Net foreign currency translation gains (losses)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on defined benefit plans
Net unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities
Net unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges
Total other comprehensive gain (loss), net
Comprehensive income
2016
$ 8,901
Year Ended May 31,
2015
9,938
$
$
2014
10,955
73
50
72
(15)
180
9,081
(770)
(151)
59
30
(832)
$ 9,106
(78)
23
(15)
5
(65)
$ 10,890
$
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
For the Years Ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(in millions)
Balances as of May 31, 2013
Common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans
Common stock issued under stock purchase plans
Assumption of stock-based compensation plan awards in connection with acquisitions
Stock-based compensation
Repurchase of common stock
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of restricted stock-based awards
Cash dividends declared ($0.48 per share)
Tax benefit from stock plans
Other, net
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Other comprehensive loss, net
Net income
Balances as of May 31, 2014
Common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans
Common stock issued under stock purchase plans
Assumption of stock-based compensation plan awards in connection with acquisitions
Stock-based compensation
Repurchase of common stock
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of restricted stock-based awards
Cash dividends declared ($0.51 per share)
Tax benefit from stock plans
Other, net
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Other comprehensive loss, net
Net income
Balances as of May 31, 2015
Common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans
Common stock issued under stock purchase plans
Assumption of stock-based compensation plan awards in connection with acquisitions
Stock-based compensation
Repurchase of common stock
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of restricted stock-based awards
Cash dividends declared ($0.60 per share)
Tax benefit from stock plans
Other, net
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Other comprehensive gain, net
Net income
Balances as of May 31, 2016
Common Stock and
Additional Paid in
Capital
Number of
Shares
Amount
$ 18,893
2,046
109
148
805
(1,160)
(20)
—
254
2
—
—
—
21,077
1,702
114
12
933
(943)
(14)
—
267
8
—
—
—
23,156
1,304
121
1
1,037
(1,464)
(89)
—
141
10
—
—
—
$ 24,217
4,646
95
3
—
—
(280)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,464
70
3
—
—
(194)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,343
60
3
—
—
(272)
(3)
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,131
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Oracle
Corporation
Stockholders’
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
$
$
(99)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(65)
—
(164)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(832)
—
(996)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
180
—
(816)
$
$
44,648
2,046
109
148
805
(9,798)
(20)
(2,178)
254
(26)
—
(65)
10,955
46,878
1,702
114
12
933
(8,088)
(14)
(2,255)
267
8
—
(832)
9,938
48,663
1,304
121
1
1,037
(10,439)
(89)
(2,541)
141
10
—
180
8,901
47,289
$
$
497
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12
(28)
(10)
98
569
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
15
(196)
(66)
113
435
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
(85)
26
116
501
Retained
Earnings
$ 25,854
—
—
—
—
(8,638)
—
(2,178)
—
(28)
—
—
10,955
25,965
—
—
—
—
(7,145)
—
(2,255)
—
—
—
—
9,938
26,503
—
—
—
—
(8,975)
—
(2,541)
—
—
—
—
8,901
$ 23,888
$
Total
Equity
45,145
2,046
109
148
805
(9,798)
(20)
(2,178)
254
(14)
(28)
(75)
11,053
47,447
1,702
114
12
933
(8,088)
(14)
(2,255)
267
23
(196)
(898)
10,051
49,098
1,304
121
1
1,037
(10,439)
(89)
(2,541)
141
19
(85)
206
9,017
$ 47,790
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
89
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ORACLE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation
Amortization of intangible assets
Allowances for doubtful accounts receivable
Deferred income taxes
Stock-based compensation
Tax benefits on the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock-based awards
Excess tax benefits on the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock-based awards
Other, net
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:
Decrease in trade receivables
Decrease (increase) in inventories
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and other liabilities
Increase (decrease) in income taxes payable
Increase in deferred revenues
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities and other investments
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Capital expenditures
Net cash used for investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments for repurchases of common stock
Proceeds from issuances of common stock
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of restricted stock-based awards
Payments of dividends to stockholders
Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs
Repayments of borrowings
Excess tax benefits on the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock-based awards
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
Non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Fair values of restricted stock-based awards and stock options assumed in connection with acquisitions
(Decrease) increase in unsettled repurchases of common stock
(Decrease) increase in unsettled investment purchases
Supplemental schedule of cash flow data:
Cash paid for income taxes
Cash paid for interest
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
90
Year Ended May 31,
2016
2015
2014
$ 8,901 $ 9,938 $ 10,955
871
1,638
130
(105)
1,037
311
(124)
143
712
2,149
56
(548)
933
396
(244)
327
608
2,300
122
(248)
805
480
(250)
311
96
88
(90)
(13)
2
676
13,561
208
(96)
(387)
247
(10)
655
14,336
24
57
(143)
48
(320)
172
14,921
(24,562)
21,247
(650)
(1,189)
(5,154)
(31,421)
20,004
(6,239)
(1,391)
(19,047)
(32,316)
28,845
(3,488)
(580)
(7,539)
(10,440)
1,425
(89)
(2,541)
3,750
(2,000)
124
(85)
(9,856)
(115)
(1,564)
21,716
(9,813)
2,155
(20)
(2,178)
5,566
—
250
(28)
(4,068)
(158)
3,156
14,613
$ 20,152 $ 21,716 $ 17,769
(8,087)
1,816
(14)
(2,255)
19,842
(1,500)
244
(196)
9,850
(1,192)
3,947
17,769
$
$
$
1 $
(1) $
(112) $
12 $
1 $
264 $
148
(15)
78
$ 2,331 $ 3,055 $ 2,841
827
$ 1,616 $ 1,022 $
Table of Contents
ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
May 31, 2016
1.
ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Oracle Corporation develops, manufactures, markets, sells, hosts and supports application, platform and infrastructure technologies for information technology (IT)
environments including database and middleware software, application software, cloud infrastructure and hardware—including Oracle Engineered Systems,
computer server, storage, networking and industry-specific hardware products—and related services that are engineered to work together in cloud-based and on-
premise IT environments. We offer our customers the option to deploy our comprehensive set of cloud services offerings including Oracle Software as a Service
(SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) or to purchase our software and hardware products and related services to manage their
own cloud-based or on-premise IT environments. Customers that purchase our software products may elect to purchase software license updates and product
support contracts, which provide our customers with rights to unspecified software product upgrades and maintenance releases issued during the support period as
well as technical support assistance. Customers that purchase our hardware products may elect to purchase hardware support contracts, which provide customers
with software updates for software components that are essential to the functionality of our hardware products, such as Oracle Solaris and certain other software
products, and can include product repairs, maintenance services, and technical support services. We also offer customers a broad set of services offerings that are
designed to improve customer utilization of their investments in Oracle application, platform and infrastructure technologies including consulting services,
advanced customer support services and education services.
Oracle Corporation conducts business globally and was incorporated in 2005 as a Delaware corporation and is the successor to operations originally begun in June
1977.
Basis of Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements included our accounts and the accounts of our wholly- and majority-owned subsidiaries. Noncontrolling interest positions of
certain of our consolidated entities are reported as a separate component of consolidated equity from the equity attributable to Oracle’s stockholders for all periods
presented. The noncontrolling interests in our net income were not significant to our consolidated results for the periods presented and therefore have been included
as a component of non-operating income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Certain other prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not affect total revenues, operating
income or net income.
Included in acquisition related and other expenses as presented in our consolidated statements of operations for fiscal 2016 and 2015 are an acquisition related
benefit of $19 million and a litigation related benefit of $53 million, respectively. Further, acquisition related and other expenses for fiscal 2015 included $186
million related to a goodwill impairment loss (refer to Note 7 below for additional information).
In fiscal 2016, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2015-17, Income
Taxes
(Topic
740):
Balance
Sheet
Classification
of
Deferred
Taxes
(ASU 2015-
17) on a retrospective basis. As required by ASU 2015-17, all deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current in our consolidated balance sheets,
which is a change from our historical presentation whereby certain of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were classified as current and the remainder were
classified as non-current. Upon adoption of ASU 2015-17, current deferred tax assets of $663 million and current deferred tax liabilities of $85 million in our May
31, 2015 consolidated balance sheet were reclassified as non-current and certain related reclassification entries were also recorded.
In addition, in fiscal 2016, we also adopted the following Accounting Standards Updates, none of which had a material impact to our reported financial position or
results of operations and cash flows:
• ASU 2016-07, Investments—Equity
Method
and
Joint
Ventures
(Topic
323):
Simplifying
the
Transition
to
the
Equity
Method
of
Accounting
;
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• ASU 2016-06, Derivatives
and
Hedging
(Topic
815):
Contingent
Put
and
Call
Options
in
Debt
Instruments;
• ASU 2016-05, Derivatives
and
Hedging
(Topic
815):
Effect
of
Derivative
Contract
Novations
on
Existing
Hedge
Accounting
Relationships;
• ASU 2015-16, Business
Combinations
(Topic
805):
Simplifying
the
Accounting
for
Measurement-Period
Adjustments
;
• ASU 2015-15, Interest—Imputation
of
Interest
(Subtopic
835-30):
Presentation
and
Subsequent
Measurement
of
Debt
Issuance
Costs
Associated
with
Line-of-Credit
Arrangements—Amendments
to
SEC
Paragraphs
Pursuant
to
Staff
Announcement
at
June
18,
2015
EITF
Meeting
;
• ASU 2015-11, Inventory
(Topic
330):
Simplifying
the
Measurement
of
Inventory
; and
• ASU 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill
and
Other—Internal-Use
Software
(Subtopic
350-40):
Customer’s
Accounting
for
Fees
Paid
in
a
Cloud
Computing
Arrangement
.
Use of Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as set forth in the Financial
Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), and we consider the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable
guidance issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions.
We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these
estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date
of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent that there are differences between
these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, our consolidated financial statements will be affected. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a
particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s
judgment in selecting among available alternatives would not produce a materially different result.
Revenue Recognition
Our sources of revenues include:
• cloud and on-premise software revenues, which include the sale of: new software licenses, which generally grant to customers a perpetual right to use our
database, middleware, applications and industry-specific software products; cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings, which grant customers access to a broad
range of our software and related support offerings on a subscription basis in a secure, standards-based cloud computing environment; cloud IaaS
offerings, which grant customers access to infrastructure cloud services to perform elastic compute, storage and networking services, and also provide
management services for software and hardware and related IT infrastructure, both generally on a subscription basis; and software license updates and
product support offerings (described further below);
• hardware revenues, which include the sale of hardware products including Oracle Engineered Systems, computer servers, storage products, networking
and data center fabric products, and industry-specific hardware; and hardware support revenues (described further below); and
• services revenues, which are earned from providing software and hardware related services including consulting, advanced customer support and
education services.
Revenues generally are recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
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Revenue Recognition for Software Products and Software Related Services (Software Elements)
New software licenses revenues primarily represent fees earned from granting customers licenses to use our database, middleware, application and industry-specific
software products and exclude cloud SaaS and PaaS revenues and revenues derived from software license updates, which are included in software license updates
and product support revenues. The basis for our new software licenses revenue recognition is substantially governed by the accounting guidance contained in ASC
985-605, Software-Revenue
Recognition.
We exercise judgment and use estimates in connection with the determination of the amount of software and software
related services revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.
For software license arrangements that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, we recognize new software licenses
revenues when: (1) we enter into a legally binding arrangement with a customer for the license of software; (2) we deliver the products; (3) the sale price is fixed or
determinable and free of contingencies or significant uncertainties; and (4) collection is probable. Revenues that are not recognized at the time of sale because the
foregoing conditions are not met, are recognized when those conditions are subsequently met.
Substantially all of our software license arrangements do not include acceptance provisions. However, if acceptance provisions exist as part of public policy (for
example, in agreements with government entities where acceptance periods are required by law, or within previously executed terms and conditions that are
referenced in the current agreement and are short-term in nature), we generally recognize revenues upon delivery provided the acceptance terms are perfunctory
and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. If acceptance provisions are not perfunctory (for example, acceptance provisions that are long-term in
nature or are not included as standard terms of an arrangement), revenues are recognized upon the earlier of receipt of written customer acceptance or expiration of
the acceptance period.
The vast majority of our software license arrangements include software license updates and product support contracts, which are entered into at the customer’s
option, and the related fees are recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement, typically one year. Software license updates provide customers with rights to
unspecified software product upgrades, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period. Product support includes internet access to
technical content, as well as internet and telephone access to technical support personnel. Software license updates and product support contracts are generally
priced as a percentage of the net new software licenses fees and are generally invoiced in full at the beginning of the support term. Substantially all of our
customers renew their software license updates and product support contracts annually.
Revenue Recognition for Multiple-Element Arrangements—Software Products and Software Related Services (Software Arrangements)
We often enter into arrangements with customers that purchase both software related products and software related services from us at the same time, or within
close proximity of one another (referred to as software related multiple-element arrangements). Such software related multiple-element arrangements include the
sale of our software products, software license updates and product support contracts and other software related services whereby software license delivery is
followed by the subsequent or contemporaneous delivery of the other elements. For those software related multiple-element arrangements, we have applied the
residual method to determine the amount of new software license revenues to be recognized pursuant to ASC 985-605. Under the residual method, if fair value
exists for undelivered elements in a multiple-element arrangement, such fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred with the remaining portion of the
arrangement consideration generally recognized upon delivery of the software license. We allocate the fair value of each element of a software related multiple-
element arrangement based upon its fair value as determined by our vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE—described further below), with any remaining
amount allocated to the software license.
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Revenue Recognition for Cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS Offerings, Hardware Products, Hardware Support and Related Services (Non-software Elements)
Our revenue recognition policy for non-software deliverables including cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings, hardware products, support and related services is
based upon the accounting guidance contained in ASC 605-25, Revenue
Recognition
, Multiple-Element
Arrangements,
and we exercise judgment and use
estimates in connection with the determination of the amount of cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS revenues, hardware products revenues, support and related services
revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.
Revenues from the sales of our non-software elements are recognized when: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) we deliver the products and
passage of the title to the buyer occurs; (3) the sale price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collection is reasonably assured. Revenues that are not recognized at the
time of sale because the foregoing conditions are not met are recognized when those conditions are subsequently met. When applicable, we reduce revenues for
estimated returns or certain other incentive programs where we have the ability to sufficiently estimate the effects of these items. Where an arrangement is subject
to acceptance criteria and the acceptance provisions are not perfunctory (for example, acceptance provisions that are long-term in nature or are not included as
standard terms of an arrangement), revenues are recognized upon the earlier of receipt of written customer acceptance or expiration of the acceptance period.
Our cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings generally provide customers access to certain of our software within a cloud-based IT environment that we manage, host and
support and offer to customers on a subscription basis. Revenues for our cloud SaaS and PaaS offerings are generally recognized ratably over the contract term
commencing with the date the service is made available to customers and all other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied.
Our cloud IaaS offerings provide infrastructure cloud services and also include deployment and management offerings for software and hardware and related IT
infrastructure. Our cloud IaaS offerings are generally sold on a subscription basis and revenues for these cloud IaaS offerings are generally recognized ratably over
the contract term commencing with the date the service is made available to customers and all other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied.
Revenues from the sale of hardware products represent amounts earned primarily from the sale of our Oracle Engineered Systems, computer servers, storage,
networking and industry-specific hardware and are recognized upon the delivery of the hardware product to the customer provided all other revenue recognition
criteria have been satisfied.
Our hardware support offerings generally provide customers with software updates for the software components that are essential to the functionality of our
hardware products and can also include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support services. Hardware support contracts are generally priced as a
percentage of the net hardware products fees. Hardware support contracts are entered into at the customer’s option and are recognized ratably over the contractual
term of the arrangements, which is typically one year, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied.
Revenue Recognition for Multiple-Element Arrangements—Cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS Offerings, Hardware Products, Hardware Support and Related Services
(Non-software Arrangements)
We enter into arrangements with customers that purchase non-software related products and services from us at the same time, or within close proximity of one
another (referred to as non-software multiple-element arrangements). Each element within a non-software multiple-element arrangement is accounted for as a
separate unit of accounting provided the following criteria are met: the delivered products or services have value to the customer on a standalone basis; and for an
arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered products or services, delivery or performance of the undelivered product or service is
considered probable and is substantially controlled by us. We consider a deliverable to have standalone value if the product or service is sold separately by us or
another vendor or could be resold by the customer. Further, our revenue
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arrangements generally do not include a general right of return relative to the delivered products. Where the aforementioned criteria for a separate unit of
accounting are not met, the deliverable is combined with the undelivered element(s) and treated as a single unit of accounting for the purposes of allocation of the
arrangement consideration and revenue recognition. For those units of accounting that include more than one deliverable but are treated as a single unit of
accounting, we generally recognize revenues over the contractual period of the arrangement, or in the case of our cloud offerings, we generally recognize revenues
over the contractual term of the cloud software subscription. For the purposes of revenue classification of the elements that are accounted for as a single unit of
accounting, we allocate revenue to the respective revenue line items within our consolidated statements of operations based on a rational and consistent
methodology utilizing our best estimate of relative selling prices of such elements.
For our non-software multiple-element arrangements, we allocate revenue to each element based on a selling price hierarchy at the arrangement’s inception. The
selling price for each element is based upon the following selling price hierarchy: VSOE if available, third-party evidence (TPE) if VSOE is not available, or
estimated selling price (ESP) if neither VSOE nor TPE are available (a description as to how we determine VSOE, TPE and ESP is provided below). If a tangible
hardware product includes software, we determine whether the tangible hardware product and the software work together to deliver the product’s essential
functionality and, if so, the entire product is treated as a non-software deliverable. The total arrangement consideration is allocated to each separate unit of
accounting for each of the non-software deliverables using the relative selling prices of each unit based on the aforementioned selling price hierarchy. We limit the
amount of revenue recognized for delivered elements to an amount that is not contingent upon future delivery of additional products or services or meeting of any
specified performance conditions.
When possible, we establish VSOE of selling price for deliverables in software and non-software multiple-element arrangements using the price charged for a
deliverable when sold separately and for software license updates and product support and hardware support, based on the renewal rates offered to customers. TPE
is established by evaluating similar and interchangeable competitor products or services in standalone arrangements with similarly situated customers. If we are
unable to determine the selling price because VSOE or TPE does not exist, we determine ESP for the purposes of allocating the arrangement by reviewing
historical transactions, including transactions whereby the deliverable was sold on a standalone basis and considering several other external and internal factors
including, but not limited to, pricing practices including discounting, margin objectives, competition, contractually stated prices, the geographies in which we offer
our products and services, the type of customer (i.e., distributor, value-added reseller, government agency and direct end user, among others) and the stage of the
product lifecycle. The determination of ESP is made through consultation with and approval by our management, taking into consideration our pricing model and
go-to-market strategy. As our, or our competitors’, pricing and go-to-market strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could
result in changes to our determination of VSOE, TPE and ESP. As a result, our future revenue recognition for multiple-element arrangements could differ
materially from our results in the current period. Selling prices are analyzed on an annual basis or more frequently if we experience significant changes in our
selling prices.
Revenue Recognition Policies Applicable to both Software and Non-software Elements
Revenue Recognition for Multiple-Element Arrangements—Arrangements with Software and Non-software Elements
We also enter into multiple-element arrangements that may include a combination of our various software related and non-software related products and services
offerings including new software licenses, software license updates and product support, cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings, hardware products, hardware
support, consulting, advanced customer support services and education. In such arrangements, we first allocate the total arrangement consideration based on the
relative selling prices of the software group of elements as a whole and
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to the non-software elements. We then further allocate consideration within the software group to the respective elements within that group following the guidance
in ASC 985-605 and our policies as described above. After the arrangement consideration has been allocated to the elements, we account for each respective
element in the arrangement as described above.
Other Revenue Recognition Policies Applicable to Software and Non-software Elements
Many of our software arrangements include consulting implementation services sold separately under consulting engagement contracts and are included as a part of
our services business. Consulting revenues from these arrangements are generally accounted for separately from new software licenses revenues because the
arrangements qualify as services transactions as defined in ASC 985-605. The more significant factors considered in determining whether the revenues should be
accounted for separately include the nature of services (i.e., consideration of whether the services are essential to the functionality of the licensed product), degree
of risk, availability of services from other vendors, timing of payments and impact of milestones or acceptance criteria on the realizability of the software license
fee. Revenues for consulting services are generally recognized as the services are performed. If there is a significant uncertainty about the project completion or
receipt of payment for the consulting services, revenues are deferred until the uncertainty is sufficiently resolved. We estimate the proportional performance on
contracts with fixed or “not to exceed” fees on a monthly basis utilizing hours incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated hours to complete the project. If
we do not have a sufficient basis to measure progress towards completion, revenues are recognized when we receive final acceptance from the customer that the
services have been completed. When total cost estimates exceed revenues, we accrue for the estimated losses immediately using cost estimates that are based upon
an average fully burdened daily rate applicable to the consulting organization delivering the services. The complexity of the estimation process and factors relating
to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the proportional performance method of accounting affects the amounts of revenues and
related expenses reported in our consolidated financial statements. A number of internal and external factors can affect our estimates, including labor rates,
utilization and efficiency variances and specification and testing requirement changes.
Our advanced customer support services are offered as standalone arrangements or as a part of arrangements to customers buying other software and non-software
products and services. We offer these advanced support services, both on-premise and remote, to Oracle customers to enable increased performance and higher
availability of their products and services. Depending upon the nature of the arrangement, revenues from these services are recognized as the services are
performed or ratably over the term of the service period, which is generally one year or less.
Education revenues are also a part of our services business and include instructor-led, media-based and internet-based training in the use of our software and
hardware products. Education revenues are recognized as the classes or other education offerings are delivered.
If an arrangement contains multiple elements and does not qualify for separate accounting for the product and service transactions, then new software licenses
revenues and/or hardware products revenues, including the costs of hardware products, are generally recognized together with the services based on contract
accounting using either the percentage-of-completion or completed-contract method. For the purposes of revenue classification of the elements that are accounted
for as a single unit of accounting, we allocate revenues to software and non-software elements based on a rational and consistent methodology utilizing our best
estimate of the relative selling price of such elements.
We also evaluate arrangements with governmental entities containing “fiscal funding” or “termination for convenience” provisions, when such provisions are
required by law, to determine the probability of possible cancellation. We consider multiple factors, including the history with the customer in similar transactions,
the “essential use” of the software or hardware products and the planning, budgeting and approval processes
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undertaken by the governmental entity. If we determine upon execution of these arrangements that the likelihood of cancellation is remote, we then recognize
revenues once all of the criteria described above have been met. If such a determination cannot be made, revenues are recognized upon the earlier of cash receipt or
approval of the applicable funding provision by the governmental entity.
We assess whether fees are fixed or determinable at the time of sale and recognize revenues if all other revenue recognition requirements are met. Our standard
payment terms are net 30 days. However, payment terms may vary based on the country in which the agreement is executed. We evaluate non-standard payment
terms based on whether we have successful collection history on comparable arrangements (based upon similarity of customers, products, and license economics)
and, if so, generally conclude such payment terms are fixed and determinable and thereby satisfy the required criteria for revenue recognition.
While most of our arrangements for sales within our businesses include short-term payment terms, we have a standard practice of providing long-term financing to
creditworthy customers primarily through our financing division. Since fiscal 1989, when our financing division was formed, we have established a history of
collection, without concessions, on these receivables with payment terms that generally extend up to five years from the contract date. Provided all other revenue
recognition criteria have been met, we recognize new software licenses revenues and hardware products revenues for these arrangements upon delivery, net of any
payment discounts from financing transactions. We have generally sold receivables financed through our financing division on a non-recourse basis to third-party
financing institutions within 90 days of the contracts’ dates of execution and we classify the proceeds from these sales as cash flows from operating activities in our
consolidated statements of cash flows. We account for the sales of these receivables as “true sales” as defined in ASC 860, Transfers
and
Servicing
, as we are
considered to have surrendered control of these financing receivables. We sold $1.8 billion of our financing receivables to financial institutions during each of
fiscal 2016 and 2015, and $2.0 billion during fiscal 2014.
Our customers include several of our suppliers and, occasionally, we have purchased goods or services for our operations from these vendors at or about the same
time that we have sold our products to these same companies (Concurrent Transactions). Software license agreements, sales of hardware or sales of services that
occur within a three-month time period from the date we have purchased goods or services from that same customer are reviewed for appropriate accounting
treatment and disclosure. When we acquire goods or services from a customer, we negotiate the purchase separately from any sales transaction, at terms we
consider to be at arm’s length and settle the purchase in cash. We recognize revenues from Concurrent Transactions if all of our revenue recognition criteria are met
and the goods and services acquired are necessary for our current operations.
Business Combinations
We apply the provisions of ASC 805, Business
Combinations
, in accounting for our acquisitions. It requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the assets
acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred
over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately
value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain
and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets
acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of
assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.
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Costs to exit or restructure certain activities of an acquired company or our internal operations are accounted for as termination and exit costs pursuant to ASC 420,
Exit
or
Disposal
Cost
Obligations
, and are accounted for separately from the business combination. A liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity
is recognized and measured at its fair value in our consolidated statement of operations in the period in which the liability is incurred. When estimating the fair
value of facility restructuring activities, assumptions are applied regarding estimated sub-lease payments to be received, which can differ materially from actual
results. This may require us to revise our initial estimates which may materially affect our results of operations and financial position in the period the revision is
made.
For a given acquisition, we may identify certain pre-acquisition contingencies as of the acquisition date and may extend our review and evaluation of these pre-
acquisition contingencies throughout the measurement period in order to obtain sufficient information to assess whether we include these contingencies as a part of
the fair value estimates of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and, if so, to determine their estimated amounts.
If we cannot reasonably determine the fair value of a pre-acquisition contingency (non-income tax related) by the end of the measurement period, which is
generally the case given the nature of such matters, we will recognize an asset or a liability for such pre-acquisition contingency if: (1) it is probable that an asset
existed or a liability had been incurred at the acquisition date and (2) the amount of the asset or liability can be reasonably estimated. Subsequent to the
measurement period, changes in our estimates of such contingencies will affect earnings and could have a material effect on our results of operations and financial
position.
In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances assumed in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the
acquisition date. We reevaluate these items quarterly based upon facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date with any adjustments to our
preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill if identified within the measurement period. Subsequent to the measurement period or our final determination of
the tax allowance’s or contingency’s estimated value, whichever comes first, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances will
affect our provision for income taxes in our consolidated statement of operations and could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial
position.
Marketable and Non-Marketable Securities
In accordance with ASC 320, Investments
— Debt
and
Equity
Securities,
and based on our intentions regarding these instruments, we classify substantially all of
our marketable debt and equity securities as available-for-sale. Marketable debt and equity securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value, with
all unrealized gains (losses) reflected net of tax in stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheets, and as a line item in our consolidated statements of
comprehensive income. If we determine that an investment has an other than temporary decline in fair value, we recognize the investment loss in non-operating
income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. We periodically evaluate our investments to determine if impairment charges are
required. Substantially all of our marketable debt and equity investments are classified as current based on the nature of the investments and their availability for
use in current operations.
We hold investments in certain non-marketable equity securities in which we do not have a controlling interest or significant influence. These equity securities are
recorded at cost and included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. If based on the terms of our ownership of these non-marketable
securities, we determine that we exercise significant influence on the entity to which these non-marketable securities relate, we apply the requirements of ASC 323,
Investments
— Equity
Method
and
Joint
Ventures
, to account for such investments .
Our non-marketable securities are subject to periodic impairment reviews.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
We apply the provisions of ASC 820, Fair
Value
Measurement
(ASC 820), to our assets and liabilities that we are required to measure at fair value pursuant to
other accounting standards, including our investments in marketable debt and equity securities and our derivative financial instruments.
The additional disclosures regarding our fair value measurements are included in Note 4.
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Allowances for Doubtful Accounts
We record allowances for doubtful accounts based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices. For those invoices not specifically reviewed,
provisions are provided at differing rates, based upon the age of the receivable, the collection history associated with the geographic region that the receivable was
recorded in and current economic trends. We write-off a receivable and charge it against its recorded allowance when we have exhausted our collection efforts
without success.
Concentrations of Risk
Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivatives
and trade receivables. Our cash and cash equivalents are generally held with large, diverse financial institutions worldwide to reduce the amount of exposure to any
single financial institution. Investment policies have been implemented that limit purchases of marketable debt securities to investment-grade securities. Our
derivative contracts are transacted with various financial institutions with high credit standings. We generally do not require collateral to secure accounts
receivable. The risk with respect to trade receivables is mitigated by credit evaluations we perform on our customers, the short duration of our payment terms for
the significant majority of our customer contracts and by the diversification of our customer base. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our total
revenues in fiscal 2016, 2015 or 2014.
We outsource the design, manufacturing, assembly and delivery of certain of our hardware products to a variety of companies, many of which are located outside
the United States. Further, we have simplified our supply chain processes by reducing the number of third-party manufacturing partners and the number of
locations where these third-party manufacturers build our hardware products. Any inability of these third-party manufacturing partners to fulfill orders for our
hardware products could adversely impact future operating results of our hardware business.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis.
We evaluate our ending inventories for estimated excess quantities and obsolescence. This evaluation includes analysis of sales levels by product and projections of
future demand within specific time horizons (generally six to nine months). Inventories in excess of future demand are written down and charged to hardware
products expenses. In addition, we assess the impact of changing technology to our inventories and we write down inventories that are considered obsolete. At the
point of loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration
or increase in that newly established cost basis.
Other Receivables
Other receivables represent value-added tax and sales tax receivables associated with the sale of our products and services to third parties. Other receivables are
included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets and totaled $816 million and $817 million at May 31, 2016 and 2015,
respectively.
Deferred Sales Commissions
We defer sales commission expenses associated with our cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS offerings, and recognize the related expenses over the non-cancelable term of
the related contracts, which are typically one to three years. Amortization of deferred sales commissions is included as a component of sales and marketing
expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
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Property, plant and equipment are stated at the lower of cost or realizable value, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line
method based on estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from one to 40 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated
useful lives of the improvements or the lease terms, as appropriate. Property, plant and equipment are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We did not recognize any significant property impairment charges
in fiscal 2016, 2015 or 2014.
Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Impairment Assessments
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Intangible assets
that are not considered to have an indefinite useful life are amortized over their useful lives, which generally range from one to 10 years. Each period we evaluate
the estimated remaining useful lives of purchased intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of
amortization.
The carrying amounts of our goodwill and intangible assets are periodically reviewed for impairment (at least annually for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible
assets) and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. According to ASC 350, Intangibles
—
Goodwill
and
Other
, we can opt to perform a qualitative assessment to test a reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment or we can directly perform the two-step
impairment test. Based on our qualitative assessment, if we determine that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50
percent) to be less than its carrying amount, the two-step impairment test will be performed. In the first step, we compare the fair value of each reporting unit to its
carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that unit, goodwill is not considered impaired and we
are not required to perform further testing. If the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we
must perform the second step of the impairment test in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the carrying value of a reporting
unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then we would record an impairment loss equal to the difference. We did not recognize any goodwill impairment
charges in fiscal 2016 or 2014. During fiscal 2015, we recognized a $186 million goodwill impairment loss (refer to Note 7 below for additional information).
Recoverability of finite lived intangible assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is
expected to generate. Recoverability of indefinite lived intangible assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. If the asset
is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. We
did not recognize any intangible asset impairment charges in fiscal 2016, 2015 or 2014.
Derivative Financial Instruments
During fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, we used derivative and non-derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency and interest rate risks (see Note 11
below for additional information). We account for these instruments in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives
and
Hedging
(ASC 815), which requires that every
derivative instrument be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value as of the reporting date. ASC 815 also requires that
changes in our derivatives’ fair values be recognized in earnings, unless specific hedge accounting and documentation criteria are met (i.e., the instruments are
accounted for as hedges).
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. For a derivative instrument
designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss is recognized in earnings in the period of change. The loss or gain attributable to the risk being hedged is
recognized in earnings with an offset recorded to the item for which the risk is being hedged. For a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge, each
reporting period we record the change in fair value on the effective portion of the derivative to accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance
sheets, and an amount is reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings to offset the earnings impact that is attributable to the risk being
hedged. For the non-derivative financial instrument designated as a net investment hedge for our investments in certain of our international subsidiaries, the change
on account of remeasurement of the effective portion for each reporting period is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance
sheets.
We perform the effectiveness testing of our aforementioned designated hedges on a quarterly basis and the changes in ineffective portions of the derivatives, if any,
are recognized immediately in earnings.
Legal Contingencies
We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Quarterly, we review the status of each significant matter and assess our potential financial
exposure. A description of our accounting policies associated with contingencies assumed as a part of a business combination is provided under “Business
Combinations” above. For legal and other contingencies that are not a part of a business combination or related to income taxes, we accrue a liability for an
estimated loss if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Note 18 below provides
additional information regarding certain of our legal contingencies.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Our shipping and handling costs for hardware products sales are included in hardware products expenses for all periods presented.
Foreign Currency
We transact business in various foreign currencies. In general, the functional currency of a foreign operation is the local country’s currency. Consequently,
revenues and expenses of operations outside the United States are translated into U.S. Dollars using weighted-average exchange rates while assets and liabilities of
operations outside the United States are translated into U.S. Dollars using exchange rates at the balance sheet date. The effects of foreign currency translation
adjustments are included in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and
related periodic movements are summarized as a line item in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Net foreign exchange transaction losses
included in non-operating income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations were $110 million, $157 million and $375 million in
fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for share-based payments to employees, including grants of service-based restricted stock awards, performance-based restricted stock awards (PSUs),
service-based employee stock options, and purchases under employee stock purchase plans, in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation
— Stock
Compensation,
which requires that share-based payments (to the extent they are compensatory) be recognized in our consolidated statements of operations based on their fair
values and the estimated number of shares we ultimately expect will vest. For our PSUs, we recognize stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis
over the service period for each separately vesting tranche, which is generally twelve months, as the performance conditions to evaluate attainment of each tranche
for each participant are independent of the performance conditions for the other tranches. The amount of stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures,
recorded as of the end of
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
each annual reporting period is based on the actual attainment of performance targets. During our interim reporting periods, stock-based compensation expense is
recorded based on expected attainment of performance targets. Changes in our estimates of the expected attainment of performance targets are reflected in the
amount of stock-based compensation expense that we recognize for each PSU tranche on a cumulative basis during each interim reporting period in which such
estimates are altered and may cause the amount of stock-based compensation expense that we record for each interim reporting period to vary. For our service-
based awards, we recognize stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the service period of the award, which is generally
four years.
We record deferred tax assets for stock-based compensation awards that result in deductions on our income tax returns based on the amount of stock-based
compensation recognized and the fair value attributable to the vested portion of stock awards assumed in connection with a business combination, at the statutory
tax rate in the jurisdiction in which we will receive a tax deduction.
Advertising
All advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses, which were included within sales and marketing expenses, were $68 million, $55 million and
$79 million in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Research and Development and Software Development Costs
All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Software development costs required to be capitalized under ASC 985-20, Costs
of
Software
to
be
Sold,
Leased
or
Marketed,
and under ASC 350-40, Internal-Use
Software,
were not material to our consolidated financial statements in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Acquisition Related and Other Expenses
Acquisition related and other expenses consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees, stock-based compensation expenses,
integration related professional services, certain business combination adjustments including certain adjustments after the measurement period has ended and
certain other operating items, net. Stock-based compensation expenses included in acquisition related and other expenses resulted from unvested stock options and
restricted stock-based awards assumed from acquisitions whereby vesting was accelerated upon termination of the employees pursuant to the original terms of
those stock options and restricted stock-based awards.
(in millions)
Transitional and other employee related costs
Stock-based compensation
Professional fees and other, net
Business combination adjustments, net
Total acquisition related and other expenses
2016
$ 45
3
10
(16)
42
$
Year Ended May 31,
2015
$ 57
5
(35)
184
$ 211
2014
$ 27
10
20
(16)
41
$
Included in acquisition related and other expenses for fiscal 2016 and 2015 were an acquisition related benefit of $19 million and a litigation related benefit of $53
million, respectively. Further, acquisition related and other expenses for fiscal 2015 included a loss of $186 million related to goodwill impairment (refer to Note 7
below for additional information).
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Non-Operating Income (Expense), net
Non-operating income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income, net foreign currency exchange gains (losses), the noncontrolling interests in the net
profits of our majority-owned subsidiaries (primarily Oracle Financial Services Software Limited and Oracle Japan) and net other income (losses), including net
realized gains and losses related to all of our investments and net unrealized gains and losses related to the small portion of our investment portfolio that we classify
as trading.
(in millions)
Interest income
Foreign currency losses, net
Noncontrolling interests in income
Other (loss) income, net
Total non-operating income (expense), net
2016
$ 538
(110)
(116)
(7)
305
$
Year Ended May 31,
2015
$ 349
(157)
(113)
27
106
$
2014
$ 263
(375)
(98)
69
$ (141)
Included in foreign currency losses, net were foreign currency remeasurement losses of $7 million, $23 million and $213 million in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014,
respectively, related to our Venezuelan subsidiary due to the continued “highly inflationary” designation of the Venezuelan economy in accordance with ASC 830,
Foreign
Currency
Matters
(ASC 830); certain currency exchange legislation in Venezuela that created certain foreign exchange mechanisms that based upon our
specific facts and circumstances, were the most appropriate for the reporting of our Venezuelan subsidiary’s Bolivar-based transactions and net monetary assets in
U.S. Dollars; and the remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities of our Venezuelan subsidiary pursuant to such foreign exchange mechanisms with the
corresponding loss recorded to earnings as required by ASC 830.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income
Taxes
. Deferred income taxes are recorded for the expected tax consequences of temporary
differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts recognized for income tax purposes. We record a valuation
allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized.
A two-step approach is applied pursuant to ASC 740 in the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
The first step is to determine if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained in an audit, including
resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be
realized upon ultimate settlement. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in our provision for income taxes line of our consolidated
statements of operations.
A description of our accounting policies associated with tax related contingencies and valuation allowances assumed as a part of a business combination is provided
under “Business Combinations” above.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Financial Instruments: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial
Instruments—Credit
Losses
(Topic
326):
Measurement
of
Credit
Losses
on
Financial
Instruments
(ASU 2016-13), which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. ASU 2016-13 is effective
for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2021, and earlier adoption is permitted beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact of our
pending adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial
Instruments—Overall
(Subtopic
825-10):
Recognition
and
Measurement
of
Financial
Assets
and
Financial
Liabilities
(ASU 2016-01), which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU
2016-01 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2019, and earlier adoption is not permitted except for certain provisions. We currently do not expect that our
pending adoption of ASU 2016-01 will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Stock-based Compensation: In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock
Compensation
(Topic
718):
Improvements
to
Employee
Share-Based
Payment
Accounting
(ASU 2016-09). ASU 2016-09 changes how companies account for certain aspects of stock-based awards to employees,
including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. ASU
2016-09 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2018, and earlier adoption is permitted. We believe we will early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of
fiscal 2017 and are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption on our consolidated financial statements. We currently believe the most significant
impact of our adoption of ASU 2016-09 to our consolidated financial statements will be to recognize certain tax benefits or tax shortfalls upon a restricted-stock
award vesting or stock option exercise event relative to the deferred tax asset position established in our provision for income taxes line of our consolidated
statement of operations instead of to consolidated equity. During fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded $141 million, $267 million and $254 million to
consolidated equity as tax benefits from our stock plans.
Leases: In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases
(Topic
842)
(ASU 2016-02). ASU 2016-02 requires companies to generally recognize on the
balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets. ASU 2016-02 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2020 on a
modified retrospective basis, and earlier adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our
consolidated financial statements, and we currently expect that most of our operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as
operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon our adoption of ASU 2016-02, which will increase our total assets and total liabilities that we report relative
to such amounts prior to adoption.
Revenue Recognition: In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue
from
Contracts
with
Customers:
Topic
606
and issued subsequent amendments to
the initial guidance in August 2015, March 2016, April 2016 and May 2016 within ASU 2015-04, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-12, respectively
(ASU 2014-09, ASU 2015-04, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-12 collectively, Topic 606). Topic 606 supersedes nearly all existing revenue
recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of Topic 606 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an
amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. Topic 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle
and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing GAAP,
including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the
transaction price to each separate performance obligation, among others. Topic 606 is effective for us as of either our first quarter of fiscal 2018 or our first quarter
of fiscal 2019 using either of two methods: (1) retrospective application of Topic 606 to each prior reporting period presented with the option to elect certain
practical expedients as defined within Topic 606 or (2) retrospective application of Topic 606 with the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 recognized
at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures as defined per Topic 606. Preliminarily, we plan to adopt Topic 606 in the first quarter
of fiscal 2019 pursuant to the aforementioned adoption method (1) and we do not believe there will be a material impact to our revenues upon adoption. We are
continuing to evaluate the impacts of our pending adoption of Topic 606 and our preliminary assessments are subject to change.
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2.
ACQUISITIONS
Fiscal 2017 Acquisitions
ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
In June 2016, we acquired certain companies primarily to expand our cloud industry solutions offerings. These acquisitions were not individually significant. In the
aggregate, the estimated total preliminary purchase price was $1.3 billion. An initial allocation of the purchase price for these acquisitions will be performed in the
first quarter of fiscal 2017.
Fiscal 2016 Acquisitions
During fiscal 2016, we acquired certain companies and purchased certain technology and development assets primarily to expand our products and services
offerings. These acquisitions were not significant individually or in the aggregate.
Fiscal 2015 Acquisitions
Acquisition of MICROS Systems, Inc.
On June 22, 2014, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (Merger Agreement) with MICROS Systems, Inc. (MICROS), a provider of integrated
software, hardware and services solutions to the hospitality and retail industries. On July 3, 2014, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, we commenced a tender offer
to purchase all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of MICROS at a purchase price of $68.00 per share, net to the holder in cash, without interest
thereon, based upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. Between September 3, 2014 and September 8, 2014, pursuant to the
terms of the tender offer, we accepted and paid for the substantial majority of outstanding shares of MICROS common stock. On September 8, 2014, we
effectuated the merger of MICROS with and into a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oracle pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement and applicable Maryland
law, and MICROS became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Oracle. Pursuant to the merger, shares of MICROS common stock that remained outstanding
and were not acquired by us were converted into, and cancelled in exchange for, the right to receive $68.00 per share in cash. The unvested equity awards to
acquire MICROS common stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the conclusion of the merger were converted into equity awards denominated in shares
of Oracle common stock based on formulas contained in the Merger Agreement. We acquired MICROS to, among other things, expand our cloud and on-premise
software, hardware and related services offerings for hotels, food and beverage industries, facilities, and retailers. We have included the financial results of
MICROS in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
Pursuant to our business combinations accounting policy, we estimated the fair values of net tangible and intangible assets acquired, and the excess of the
consideration transferred over the aggregate of such fair values was recorded as goodwill. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of net assets
acquired from MICROS:
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade receivables, net
Inventories
Goodwill
Intangible assets
Other assets
Accounts payable and other liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities, net
Deferred revenues
Total
105
$
683
181
28
3,242
2,030
155
(359)
(536)
(177)
$ 5,247
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
We do not expect the goodwill recognized as a part of the MICROS acquisition to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Other Fiscal 2015 Acquisitions
During fiscal 2015, we acquired certain other companies and purchased certain technology and development assets primarily to expand our products and services
offerings. These acquisitions were not individually significant. We have included the financial results of the acquired companies in our consolidated financial
statements from their respective acquisition dates, and the results from each of these companies were not individually material to our consolidated financial
statements. In the aggregate, the total purchase price for these acquisitions was approximately $1.7 billion, which consisted of approximately $1.7 billion in cash
and $7 million for the fair values of restricted stock-based awards and stock options assumed. We recorded $6 million of net tangible liabilities and $388 million of
identifiable intangible assets, based on their estimated fair values, and $1.4 billion of residual goodwill.
Fiscal 2014 Acquisitions
Acquisition of Responsys, Inc.
On February 6, 2014, we completed our acquisition of Responsys, Inc. (Responsys), a provider of enterprise-scale cloud-based business-to-consumer marketing
software. We have included the financial results of Responsys in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The total purchase price for
Responsys was approximately $1.6 billion, which consisted of approximately $1.4 billion in cash and $147 million for the fair values of restricted stock-based
awards and stock options assumed. We recorded $32 million of net tangible liabilities, related primarily to deferred tax liabilities, $580 million of identifiable
intangible assets, and $14 million of in-process research and development, based on their estimated fair values, and $1.0 billion of residual goodwill.
Other Fiscal 2014 Acquisitions
During fiscal 2014, we acquired certain other companies and purchased certain technology and development assets primarily to expand our products and services
offerings. These acquisitions were not individually significant. We have included the financial results of these companies in our consolidated financial statements
from their respective acquisition dates, and the results from each of these companies were not individually material to our consolidated financial statements. In the
aggregate, the total purchase price for these acquisitions was approximately $2.3 billion, which consisted primarily of cash consideration, and we recorded $230
million of net tangible liabilities, related primarily to deferred tax liabilities, $1.1 billion of identifiable intangible assets, and $99 million of in-process research and
development, based on their estimated fair values, and $1.3 billion of residual goodwill.
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations for Oracle, MICROS, and certain other companies
that we acquired since the beginning of fiscal 2015 that were considered relevant for the purposes of unaudited pro forma financial information disclosure as if the
companies were combined as of the beginning of fiscal 2015. The unaudited pro forma financial information for all periods presented also included the business
combination accounting effects resulting from these acquisitions, including amortization charges from acquired intangible assets (certain of which are preliminary),
stock-based compensation charges for restricted stock-based awards and unvested stock options assumed, if any, and the related tax effects as though the
aforementioned companies were combined as of the beginning of fiscal 2015. The unaudited pro forma financial information as presented below is for
informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisitions had taken place at the
beginning of fiscal 2015.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
The unaudited pro forma financial information for fiscal 2016 combined the historical results of Oracle for fiscal 2016 and the historical results of certain other
companies that we acquired since the beginning of fiscal 2016 based upon their respective previous reporting periods and the dates these companies were acquired
by us, and the effects of the pro forma adjustments listed above.
The unaudited pro forma financial information for fiscal 2015 combined the historical results of Oracle for fiscal 2015, the historical results of MICROS for the six
months ended June 30, 2014 (adjusted due to differences in reporting periods and considering the date we acquired MICROS), and the historical results of certain
other companies that we acquired since the beginning of fiscal 2015 based upon their respective previous reporting periods and the dates these companies were
acquired by us, and the effects of the pro forma adjustments listed above. The unaudited pro forma financial information was as follows:
(in millions, except per share data)
Total revenues
Net income
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Year Ended May 31,
2016
$ 37,084
8,869
$
2.10
$
2.06
$
2015
$ 38,771
9,844
$
2.24
$
2.19
$
3.
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of deposits held at major banks, Tier-1 commercial paper and other securities with original maturities of 90 days or
less. Marketable securities consist of Tier-1 commercial paper debt securities, corporate debt securities and certain other securities.
The amortized principal amounts of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities approximated their fair values at May 31, 2016 and 2015. We use the
specific identification method to determine any realized gains or losses from the sale of our marketable securities classified as available-for-sale. Such realized
gains and losses were insignificant for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014. The following table summarizes the components of our cash equivalents and marketable
securities held, substantially all of which were classified as available-for-sale:
May 31,
(in millions)
Money market funds
U.S. Treasury securities
Commercial paper debt securities
Corporate debt securities and other
Total investments
Investments classified as cash equivalents
Investments classified as marketable securities
2016
$
3,750
214
2,155
35,274
$ 41,393
5,420
$
35,973
$
2015
$
—
668
9,203
28,844
$ 38,715
$
$
6,063
32,652
As of each of May 31, 2016 and 2015, approximately 28% of our marketable securities investments mature within one year and 72% mature within one to six
years. Our investment portfolio is subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates. As described above, we limit purchases of marketable debt securities to
investment-grade securities, which have high credit ratings and also limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. As stated in our investment policy, we
are averse to principal loss and seek to preserve our invested funds by limiting default risk and market risk.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
4.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
We perform fair value measurements in accordance with ASC 820. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to
transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and
liabilities required to be recorded at their fair values, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and consider assumptions
that market participants would use when pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of nonperformance.
ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when
measuring fair value. An asset’s or a liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair
value measurement. ASC 820 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
• Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
• Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities,
quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by
observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; or
• Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding accrued interest components, consisted of the following (Level 1 and Level 2 inputs
are defined above):
(in millions)
Assets:
Money market funds
U.S. Treasury securities
Commercial paper debt securities
Corporate debt securities and other
Derivative financial instruments
Total assets
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments
May 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurements
Using Input Types
May 31, 2015
Fair Value Measurements
Using Input Types
Level 1
Level 2
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Total
$
3,750
214
—
179
—
$ 4,143
$
—
—
2,155
35,095
122
$ 37,372
$
3,750
214
2,155
35,274
122
$ 41,515
$
—
$
218
$
218
$
$
$
—
668
—
190
—
858
$
—
—
9,203
28,654
74
$ 37,931
$
—
668
9,203
28,844
74
$ 38,789
—
$
244
$
244
Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of our marketable securities that were classified as Level 1 in the table above were derived from quoted
market prices and active markets for these instruments exist. Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of Level 2 instruments listed in the table
above, the counterparties to which have high credit ratings, were derived from the following: non-binding market consensus prices that were corroborated by
observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models, such as discounted cash flow techniques, with all significant inputs derived
from or corroborated by observable market data including LIBOR-based yield curves, among others.
Based on the trading prices of our $40.1 billion and $42.0 billion of borrowings, which consisted of senior notes and the related fair value hedges that were
outstanding as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, the estimated
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
fair values of our senior notes the related fair value hedges using Level 2 inputs at May 31, 2016 and 2015 were $43.2 billion and $44.1 billion, respectively. As
of May 31, 2016, the estimated fair value of our $3.8 billion of short-term borrowings approximates carrying value due to the short maturity of the borrowings.
5.
INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following:
(in millions)
Raw materials
Work-in-process
Finished goods
Total
6.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following:
(Dollars in millions)
Computer, network, machinery and equipment
Buildings and improvements
Furniture, fixtures and other
Land
Construction in progress
Total property, plant and equipment
Accumulated depreciation
Total property, plant and equipment, net
7.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
May 31,
2016
2015
$
112
38
164
$ 212 $ 314
95 $
31
86
May 31,
2016
2015
Estimated
Useful Life
1-5 years $
1-40 years
5-15 years
—
—
1-40 years
3,927
2,754
574
744
97
8,096
(4,096)
$ 4,000
$
3,345
2,721
547
589
93
7,295
(3,609)
$ 3,686
The changes in intangible assets for fiscal 2016 and the net book value of intangible assets as of May 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)
Software support agreements and related relationships
Hardware support agreements and related relationships
Developed technology
Core technology
Customer relationships and contract backlog
SaaS, PaaS and IaaS agreements and related relationships
and other
Trademarks
Total intangible assets, net
$
4,190 $
1,012
4,602
552
2,197
1,993
501
$ 15,047 $
— $
—
97
—
8
57
13
175 $
Intangible Assets, Gross
Accumulated Amortization
May 31,
2015
Additions Retirements
May 31,
2016
May 31,
2015
Expense Retirements
May 31,
2016
(1,771) $
(2)
(1,038)
—
(806)
2,419 $
1,010
3,661
552
1,399
(2,700) $
(654)
(2,355)
(411)
(1,710)
(358) $
(145)
(559)
(89)
(217)
1,771 $
2
1,038
—
806
May 31,
2015
May 31,
2016
Intangible Assets, Net Weighted-
Average
Useful
(1)
Life
N.A
N.A
5 years
N.A
3 years
1,490 $
358
2,247
141
487
1,132
213
1,785
52
278
(1,287) $
(797)
(1,876)
(500)
(1,121)
(16)
(23)
(212)
(58)
(3,656) $ 11,566 $ (8,641) $ (1,638) $
2,034
491
(508)
(303)
16
23
1,330
153
3,656 $ (6,623) $ 6,406 $ 4,943
1,485
198
(704)
(338)
10 years
5 years
7 years
(1)
Represents weighted-average useful lives of intangible assets acquired during fiscal 2016
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Total amortization expense related to our intangible assets was $1.6 billion, $2.1 billion and $2.3 billion in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of May 31,
2016, estimated future amortization expenses related to intangible assets were as follows (in millions):
Fiscal 2017
Fiscal 2018
Fiscal 2019
Fiscal 2020
Fiscal 2021
Thereafter
Total intangible assets, net
$ 1,026
878
770
621
476
1,172
4,943
$
The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill, net, which is generally not deductible for tax purposes, for our operating segments for fiscal 2016 and 2015 were
as follows:
(in millions)
Balances as of May 31, 2014
Goodwill from acquisitions
Goodwill adjustments, net
Goodwill impairment
Balances as of May 31, 2015
(2)
(1)
Goodwill from acquisitions
Goodwill adjustments, net
(1)
Balances as of May 31, 2016
Cloud
Software and
On-Premise
Software
$
$
13,139
2,086
(8)
—
15,217
518
12
15,747
Software
License
Updates and
Product
Support
$
$
12,472
1,991
(2)
—
14,461
—
(22)
14,439
Hardware
Support
$ 2,082
269
19
—
2,370
—
(3)
$ 2,367
Consulting
$
1,733
27
(1)
—
1,759
—
—
$ 1,759
Other, net
$
(3)
226
240
—
(186)
280
—
(2)
278
Total Goodwill, net
29,652
$
4,613
8
(186)
34,087
518
(15)
34,590
$
$
(1)
(2)
(3)
Pursuant to our business combinations accounting policy, we recorded goodwill adjustments for the effects on goodwill of changes to net assets acquired during the period that such a change is identified,
provided that any such change is within the measurement period (up to one year from the date of the acquisition).
During fiscal 2015, we recorded a $186 million goodwill impairment loss to our hardware products reporting unit. We considered several approaches to determine the fair value of our hardware products
reporting unit as of March 1, 2015 and concluded the most appropriate to be the income approach. The fair value of our hardware products reporting unit pursuant to the income approach was impacted by
lower forecasted operating results for this reporting unit, primarily caused by lower forecasted revenues and our continued investment in hardware products research and development activities. We compared
the implied fair value of goodwill in our hardware products reporting unit to its carrying value, which resulted in the $186 million goodwill impairment loss and represented the aggregate amount of goodwill
for our hardware products reporting unit. The aggregate hardware products reporting unit goodwill that was impaired in fiscal 2015 resulted from our acquisitions of Pillar Data Systems, Inc., Xsigo Systems,
Inc., GreenBytes, Inc. and MICROS Systems, Inc. Such impairment loss was recorded to acquisition related and other expenses in our fiscal 2015 consolidated statement of operations. We did not recognize
any goodwill impairment losses in fiscal 2016 or fiscal 2014.
Represents goodwill allocated to our other operating segments.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
8.
NOTES PAYABLE AND OTHER BORROWINGS
Notes payable and other borrowings consisted of the following:
(Dollars in millions)
Revolving credit agreements:
$3,750, LIBOR plus 0.35%, due June 2016
Floating-rate senior notes:
$1,000, three-month LIBOR plus 0.20%, due July 2017
$500, three-month LIBOR plus 0.58%, due January 2019
$750, three-month LIBOR plus 0.51%, due October 2019
Fixed-rate senior notes:
(1)
(1)
(2)(3)
$2,000, 5.25%, due January 2016
$2,500, 1.20%, due October 2017
$2,500, 5.75%, due April 2018
$1,500, 2.375%, due January 2019
$1,750, 5.00%, due July 2019
$2,000, 2.25%, due October 2019
$1,000, 3.875%, due July 2020
€1,250, 2.25%, due January 2021
(1)
$1,500, 2.80%, due July 2021
$2,500, 2.50%, due May 2022
$2,500, 2.50%, due October 2022
$1,000, 3.625%, due July 2023
$2,000, 3.40%, due July 2024
$2,500, 2.95%, due May 2025
€750, 3.125%, due July 2025
$500, 3.25%, due May 2030
$1,750, 4.30%, due July 2034
$1,250, 3.90%, due May 2035
$1,250, 6.50%, due April 2038
$1,250, 6.125%, due July 2039
$2,250, 5.375%, due July 2040
$1,000, 4.50%, due July 2044
$2,000, 4.125%, due May 2045
$1,250, 4.375%, due May 2055
(2)(4)
Total senior notes and other borrowings
Unamortized discount/issuance costs
Hedge accounting fair value adjustments
(1)
Total notes payable and other borrowings
Notes payable and other borrowings, current
Notes payable, non-current
May 31, 2016
May 31, 2015
Date of
Issuance
Amount
Effective
Interest
Rate
Amount
Effective
Interest
Rate
May 2016
$
3,750
0.81%
$
—
N.A.
July 2014
July 2013
July 2014
January 2006
October 2012
April 2008
July 2013
July 2009
July 2014
July 2010
July 2013
July 2014
May 2015
October 2012
July 2013
July 2014
May 2015
July 2013
May 2015
July 2014
May 2015
April 2008
July 2009
July 2010
July 2014
May 2015
May 2015
1,000
500
750
—
2,500
2,500
1,500
1,750
2,000
1,000
1,394
1,500
2,500
2,500
1,000
2,000
2,500
836
500
1,750
1,250
1,250
1,250
2,250
1,000
2,000
1,250
43,980
(247)
122
43,855
3,750
$
$
$
0.83%
1.21%
1.14%
N.A.
1.24%
5.76%
2.44%
5.05%
2.27%
3.93%
2.33%
2.82%
2.56%
2.51%
3.73%
3.43%
3.00%
3.17%
3.30%
4.30%
3.95%
6.52%
6.19%
5.45%
4.50%
4.15%
4.40%
1,000
500
750
2,000
2,500
2,500
1,500
1,750
2,000
1,000
1,352
1,500
2,500
2,500
1,000
2,000
2,500
810
500
1,750
1,250
1,250
1,250
2,250
1,000
2,000
1,250
42,162
(278)
74
41,958
1,999
$
$
$
$ 40,105
$ 39,959
0.47%
0.86%
0.78%
5.32%
1.24%
5.76%
2.44%
5.05%
2.27%
3.93%
2.33%
2.82%
2.56%
2.51%
3.73%
3.43%
3.00%
3.17%
3.30%
4.30%
3.95%
6.52%
6.19%
5.45%
4.50%
4.15%
4.40%
(1)
(2)
We have entered into certain interest rate swap agreements that have the economic effects of modifying the fixed-interest obligations associated with the 2.375% senior notes due January 2019 (January 2019
Notes), the 2.25% senior notes due October 2019 (October 2019 Notes) and the 2.80% senior notes due July 2021 (July 2021 Notes) so that the interest payable on these notes effectively became variable
based on LIBOR. The effective interest rates after consideration of these fixed to variable interest rate swap agreements were 1.28% and 0.93% for the January 2019 Notes, 1.11% and 0.76% for the October
2019 Notes, and 1.26% and 0.91% for the July 2021 Notes as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Refer to Notes 1 and 11 for a description of our accounting for fair value hedges.
In July 2013, we issued €2.0 billion of fixed-rate senior notes comprised of €1.25 billion of 2.25% senior notes due January 2021 (January 2021 Notes) and €750 million of 3.125% senior notes due July
2025 (July 2025 Notes, and together with the January 2021 Notes, the Euro Notes). Principal and unamortized discount/issuance costs for the Euro Notes in the table above were calculated using foreign
currency exchange rates as of May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2015, respectively. The Euro Notes are registered and trade on the New York Stock Exchange.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
(3)
(4)
In connection with the issuance of the January 2021 Notes, we entered into certain cross-currency swap agreements that have the economic effect of converting our fixed-rate, Euro-denominated debt,
including annual interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, to a fixed-rate, U.S. Dollar-denominated debt of $1.6 billion with a fixed annual interest rate of 3.53% (see Note 11 for additional
information).
We designated the July 2025 Notes as a net investment hedge of our investments in certain of our international subsidiaries that use the Euro as their functional currency in order to reduce the volatility in
stockholders’ equity caused by the changes in foreign currency exchange rates of the Euro with respect to the U.S. Dollar (see Note 11 for additional information).
Senior Notes and Other Borrowings
In January 2016, our $2.0 billion of 5.25% senior notes due January 2016 matured and were repaid. In July 2014, our $1.5 billion of 3.75% senior notes due July
2014 (July 2014 Notes) matured and were repaid (we also settled the fixed to variable interest rate swap agreements associated with the July 2014 Notes).
Interest is payable semi-annually for the senior notes except for the Euro Notes for which interest is payable annually and the floating-rate senior notes for which
interest is payable quarterly. We may redeem some or all of the senior notes of each series prior to their maturity, subject to certain restrictions, and the payment of
an applicable make-whole premium in certain instances except for the floating-rate senior notes which may not be redeemed prior to their maturity.
The senior notes rank pari passu with any other notes we may issue in the future pursuant to our commercial paper program (see additional discussion regarding our
commercial paper program below) and all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness of Oracle Corporation. All existing and future liabilities of the
subsidiaries of Oracle Corporation are or will be effectively senior to the senior notes and any future issuances of commercial paper notes. We were in compliance
with all debt-related covenants at May 31, 2016.
Future principal payments (adjusted for the effects of the cross-currency swap agreements associated with the January 2021 Notes) for all of our borrowings at May
31, 2016 were as follows (in millions):
Fiscal 2017
Fiscal 2018
Fiscal 2019
Fiscal 2020
Fiscal 2021
Thereafter
Total
Revolving Credit Agreements
$
3,750
6,000
2,000
4,500
2,655
25,336
$ 44,241
In May 2016, we entered into three revolving credit agreements with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as initial lender and administrative agent (the 2016 Credit
Agreements) and borrowed $3.8 billion pursuant to these agreements. The 2016 Credit Agreements provided us with short-term borrowings for working capital and
other general corporate purposes. Interest for the 2016 Credit Agreements is based on either (1) a LIBOR-based formula or (2) the Base Rate formula, each as set
forth in the 2016 Credit Agreements. The borrowings are due and payable on June 27, 2016, which is the termination date of the 2016 Credit Agreements.
In April 2013, we entered into a $3.0 billion Revolving Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., BNP Paribas, JPMorgan Chase
Bank, N.A. and certain other lenders (the 2013 Credit Agreement). The 2013 Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured 5-year revolving credit facility to be used
for general corporate purposes including back-stopping any commercial paper notes that we may issue. Subject to certain conditions stated in the 2013 Credit
Agreement, we may borrow, prepay and re-borrow amounts under the 2013 Credit Agreement at any time during the term of the 2013 Credit Agreement. Interest
under the 2013 Credit Agreement is based on either (a) a LIBOR-based formula or (b) the Base Rate formula, each as set forth in the
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
2013 Credit Agreement. Any amounts drawn pursuant to the 2013 Credit Agreement are due on April 20, 2018. No amounts were outstanding pursuant to the 2013
Credit Agreement as of May 31, 2016 and 2015.
The 2016 Credit Agreements and the 2013 Credit Agreement contain certain customary representations and warranties, covenants and events of default. If any of
the events of default occur and are not cured within applicable grace periods or waived, any unpaid amounts owed under the agreement to which the default relates
may be declared immediately due and payable and the relevant agreement may be terminated. We were in compliance with the covenants of the 2016 Credit
Agreements and the 2013 Credit Agreement as of May 31, 2016.
Commercial Paper Program and Commercial Paper Notes
In April 2013, pursuant to our existing $3.0 billion commercial paper program which allows us to issue and sell unsecured short-term promissory notes pursuant to
a private placement exemption from the registration requirements under federal and state securities laws, we entered into new dealer agreements with various banks
and a new Issuing and Paying Agency Agreement with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JP Morgan). Effective on December 22, 2014, Deutsche Bank Trust
Companies Americas became the Successor Issuing and Paying Agent replacing JP Morgan. Since that time, we have entered into new dealer agreements with
additional banks. As of May 31, 2016 and 2015, we did not have any outstanding commercial paper notes. We intend to back-stop any commercial paper notes that
we may issue in the future with the 2013 Credit Agreement.
9.
RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES
Fiscal 2015 Oracle Restructuring Plan
During the second quarter of fiscal 2015, our management approved, committed to and initiated plans to restructure and further improve efficiencies in our
operations due to our acquisition of MICROS and certain other operational activities (2015 Restructuring Plan). Restructuring costs associated with the 2015
Restructuring Plan were recorded to the restructuring expense line item within our consolidated statements of operations as they were incurred. We recorded $462
million and $100 million of restructuring expenses in connection with the 2015 Restructuring Plan in fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. Actions pursuant to the
2015 Restructuring Plan were substantially complete as of May 31, 2016.
Fiscal 2013 Oracle Restructuring Plan
During the first quarter of fiscal 2013, our management approved, committed to and initiated plans to restructure and further improve efficiencies in our operations
(2013 Restructuring Plan). Restructuring costs associated with the 2013 Restructuring Plan were recorded to the restructuring expense line item within our
consolidated statements of operations as they were incurred. We recorded $119 million and $174 million of restructuring expenses in connection with the 2013
Restructuring Plan in fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively. Actions pursuant to the 2013 Restructuring Plan were substantially complete as of the end of fiscal 2015.
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Summary of All Plans
Fiscal 2016 Activity
ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
(in millions)
Fiscal 2015 Oracle Restructuring Plan
Cloud software and on-premise software
Software license updates and product support
Hardware business
Services business
General and administrative and other
(1)
Total Fiscal 2015 Oracle Restructuring Plan
Total other restructuring plans
(6)
Total restructuring plans
Fiscal 2015 Activity
(in millions)
Fiscal 2015 Oracle Restructuring Plan
Cloud software and on-premise software
Software license updates and product support
Hardware business
Services business
General and administrative and other
(1)
Total Fiscal 2015 Oracle Restructuring Plan
Total Fiscal 2013 Oracle Restructuring Plan
(6)
Total other restructuring plans
(6)
Total restructuring plans
Fiscal 2014 Activity
(in millions)
Total Fiscal 2013 Oracle Restructuring Plan
Total other restructuring plans
(6)
Total restructuring plans
Year Ended May 31, 2016
Adj. to
(4)
Cost
Cash
Payments
Others
(5)
Accrued
May 31,
(2)
2016
Accrued
May 31,
(2)
2015
$
$
$
$
11
5
6
9
5
36
84
120
Accrued
May 31,
2014
$ —
—
—
—
—
$ —
61
$
108
169
$
$
Initial
(3)
Costs
$
95
168
67
44
108
$ 482
$
2
$ 484
Initial
(3)
Costs
$
26
7
22
21
27
$ 103
$ 128
$
7
$ 238
$
(7)
(1)
(8)
(4)
—
$ (20)
$
(6)
$ (26)
$
(60)
(69)
(43)
(35)
(56)
$ (263)
$
(27)
$ (290)
$
$
$
$
2
2
1
—
(2)
3
(8)
(5)
Year Ended May 31, 2015
Adj. to
(4)
Cost
Cash
Payments
1
$
—
(2)
—
(2)
(3)
$
(9)
$ (19)
$ (31)
$
$
(16)
(2)
(13)
(12)
(20)
(63)
$
$ (138)
$
(43)
$ (244)
Others
(5)
$ —
—
(1)
—
—
(1)
$
(11)
$ —
(12)
$
$
Accrued
May 31,
2013
$
$
$
71
179
250
Initial
(3)
Costs
$ 197
$
24
$ 221
Year Ended May 31, 2014
Adj. to
(4)
Cost
$ (23)
$ (15)
$ (38)
Cash
Payments
$ (195)
$
(58)
$ (253)
Others
$
(5)
11
(22)
(11)
$
$
$
$
$
$
41
105
23
14
55
238
45
283
Accrued
May 31,
(2)
2015
$
$
$
$
$
11
5
6
9
5
36
31
53
120
Accrued
May 31,
2014
$
$
$
61
108
169
(1)
(2)
Restructuring costs recorded for individual line items primarily related to employee severance costs.
The balances at May 31, 2016 and 2015 included $255 million and $86 million, respectively, recorded in other current liabilities and $28 million and $34 million, respectively, recorded in other non-current
liabilities.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Costs recorded for the respective restructuring plans during the current period presented.
All plan adjustments were changes in estimates whereby increases and decreases in costs were generally recorded to operating expenses in the period of adjustments.
Represents foreign currency translation and certain other adjustments.
Other restructuring plans presented in the tables above included condensed information for other Oracle-based restructuring plans and other restructuring plans associated with certain of our acquisitions
whereby we continued to make cash outlays to settle obligations under these plans during the periods presented but for which the periodic impact to our consolidated statements of operations was not
significant.
10. DEFERRED REVENUES
Deferred revenues consisted of the following:
(in millions)
Software license updates and product support
Cloud SaaS, PaaS and IaaS
Hardware support and other
Services
New software licenses
Deferred revenues, current
Deferred revenues, non-current (in other non-current liabilities)
Total deferred revenues
May 31,
2016
2015
$ 5,864 $ 5,635
404
703
379
124
7,245
393
7,638
705
675
339
72
7,655
536
8,191 $
$
Deferred software license updates and product support revenues and deferred hardware support revenues represent customer payments made in advance for support
contracts that are typically billed on a per annum basis in advance with corresponding revenues being recognized ratably over the support periods. Deferred cloud
SaaS, PaaS and IaaS revenues generally resulted from customer payments made in advance for our cloud-based offerings that are recognized over the
corresponding contractual term. Deferred services revenues include prepayments for our services business and revenues for these services are generally recognized
as the services are performed. Deferred new software licenses revenues typically resulted from undelivered products or specified enhancements, customer-specific
acceptance provisions, customer payments made in advance for time-based license arrangements and software license transactions that cannot be separated from
undelivered consulting or other services.
In connection with our acquisitions, we have estimated the fair values of the cloud SaaS and PaaS, software license updates and product support, and hardware
support obligations, among others, assumed from our acquired companies. We generally have estimated the fair values of these obligations assumed using a cost
build-up approach. The cost build-up approach determines fair value by estimating the costs related to fulfilling the obligations plus a normal profit margin. The
sum of the costs and operating profit approximates, in theory, the amount that we would be required to pay a third party to assume these acquired obligations.
These aforementioned fair value adjustments recorded for obligations assumed from our acquisitions reduced the cloud SaaS and PaaS, software license updates
and product support and hardware support deferred revenues balances that we recorded as liabilities from these acquisitions and also reduced the resulting revenues
that we recognized or will recognize over the terms of the acquired obligations during the post-combination periods.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
11. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value Hedges—Interest Rate Swap Agreements
In July 2014, we entered into certain interest rate swap agreements that have the economic effect of modifying the fixed-interest obligations associated with our
October 2019 Notes and July 2021 Notes so that the interest payable on these senior notes effectively became variable based on LIBOR. In July 2013, we entered
into certain interest rate swap agreements that have the economic effect of modifying the fixed-interest obligations associated with our January 2019 Notes so that
the interest payable on these senior notes effectively became variable based on LIBOR. The critical terms of the interest rate swap agreements match the critical
terms of the October 2019 Notes, July 2021 Notes and the January 2019 Notes that the interest rate swap agreements pertain to, including the notional amounts and
maturity dates.
We have designated the aforementioned interest rate swap agreements as qualifying hedging instruments and are accounting for them as fair value hedges pursuant
to ASC 815. These transactions are characterized as fair value hedges for financial accounting purposes because they protect us against changes in the fair values of
certain of our fixed-rate borrowings due to benchmark interest rate movements. The changes in fair values of these interest rate swap agreements are recognized as
interest expense in our consolidated statements of operations with the corresponding amounts included in other assets or other non-current liabilities in our
consolidated balance sheets. The amount of net gain (loss) attributable to the risk being hedged is recognized as interest expense in our consolidated statements of
operations with the corresponding amount included in notes payable, non-current. The periodic interest settlements for the interest rate swap agreements for the
October 2019 Notes, July 2021 Notes and the January 2019 Notes are recorded as interest expense and are included as a part of cash flows from operating
activities.
In July 2014, we settled the fixed to variable interest rate swap agreements associated with the July 2014 Notes. We do not use any interest rate swap agreements
for trading purposes.
Cash Flow Hedges—Cross-Currency Swap Agreements
In connection with the issuance of our January 2021 Notes, we entered into certain cross-currency swap agreements to manage the related foreign currency
exchange risk by effectively converting the fixed-rate, Euro-denominated January 2021 Notes, including the annual interest payments and the payment of principal
at maturity, to fixed-rate, U.S. Dollar-denominated debt. The economic effect of the swap agreements was to eliminate the uncertainty of the cash flows in U.S.
Dollars associated with the January 2021 Notes by fixing the principal amount of the January 2021 Notes at $1.6 billion with a fixed annual interest rate of 3.53%.
We have designated these cross-currency swap agreements as qualifying hedging instruments and are accounting for these as cash flow hedges pursuant to ASC
815. The critical terms of the cross-currency swap agreements correspond to the January 2021 Notes, including the annual interest payments being hedged, and the
cross-currency swap agreements mature at the same time as the January 2021 Notes.
We used the hypothetical derivative method to measure the effectiveness of our cross-currency swap agreements. The fair values of these cross-currency swap
agreements are recognized as other assets or other non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. The effective portions of the changes in fair values of
these cross-currency swap agreements are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheets, and an amount is reclassified out
of accumulated other comprehensive loss into non-operating income (expense), net in the same period that the carrying value of the Euro-denominated January
2021 Notes is remeasured and the interest expense is recognized. The ineffective portion of the unrealized gains and losses on these cross-currency swaps, if any, is
recorded immediately to non-operating income (expense), net. We evaluate the effectiveness of our cross-currency swap agreements on a quarterly basis. We did
not record any ineffectiveness for fiscal 2016, 2015 or 2014. The cash flows related to the cross-currency swap agreements that
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
pertain to the periodic interest settlements are classified as operating activities and the cash flows that pertain to the principal balance are classified as financing
activities.
We do not use any cross-currency swap agreements for trading purposes.
Net Investment Hedge—Foreign Currency Borrowings
In July 2013, we designated our July 2025 Notes as a net investment hedge of our investments in certain of our international subsidiaries that use the Euro as their
functional currency in order to reduce the volatility in stockholders’ equity caused by the changes in foreign currency exchange rates of the Euro with respect to the
U.S. Dollar.
We used the spot method to measure the effectiveness of our net investment hedge. Under this method, for each reporting period, the change in the carrying value
of the Euro-denominated July 2025 Notes due to remeasurement of the effective portion is reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated
balance sheet and the remaining change in the carrying value of the ineffective portion, if any, is recognized in non-operating income (expense), net in our
consolidated statements of operations. We evaluate the effectiveness of our net investment hedge at the beginning of every quarter. We did not record any
ineffectiveness for fiscal 2016, 2015 or 2014.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts Not Designated as Hedges
We transact business in various foreign currencies and have established a program that primarily utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to offset the risks
associated with the effects of certain foreign currency exposures. Under this program, our strategy is to enter into foreign currency forward contracts so that
increases or decreases in our foreign currency exposures are offset by gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts in order to mitigate the risks and
volatility associated with our foreign currency transactions. We may suspend this program from time to time. Our foreign currency exposures typically arise from
intercompany sublicense fees, intercompany loans and other intercompany transactions that are generally expected to be cash settled in the near term. Our foreign
currency forward contracts are generally short-term in duration. Our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to currency fluctuations will generally depend on the
size and type of cross-currency exposures that we enter into, the currency exchange rates associated with these exposures and changes in those rates, the net
realized and unrealized gains or losses on foreign currency forward contracts to offset these exposures and other factors.
Neither do we use these foreign currency forward contracts for trading purposes nor do we designate these forward contracts as hedging instruments pursuant to
ASC 815. Accordingly, we recorded the fair values of these contracts as of the end of our reporting period to our consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair
values recorded to our consolidated statement of operations. The balance sheet classification for the fair values of these forward contracts is prepaid expenses and
other current assets for forward contracts in an unrealized gain position and other current liabilities for forward contracts in an unrealized loss position. The
statement of operations classification for changes in fair values of these forward contracts is non-operating income (expense), net, for both realized and unrealized
gains and losses.
As of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, the notional amounts of the forward contracts we held to purchase U.S. Dollars in exchange for other major
international currencies were $2.7 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, and the notional amounts of forward contracts we held to sell U.S. Dollars in exchange for
other major international currencies were $2.0 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. The fair values of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts were
nominal at May 31, 2016 and 2015.
Included in our non-operating income (expense), net were $97 million, $60 million and $(69) million of net gains (losses) related to these forward contracts for the
years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The cash flows related to these foreign currency contracts are classified as operating activities.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
The effects of derivative and non-derivative instruments designated as hedges on certain of our consolidated financial statements were as follows as of or for each
of the respective periods presented below (amounts presented exclude any income tax effects):
Fair Values of Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedges in Consolidated Balance Sheets
Fair Value as of May 31,
(in millions)
Interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges
Cross-currency swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges
Foreign currency borrowings designated as net investment hedge
Balance Sheet Location
Other assets
Other non-current liabilities
Notes payable, non-current
2016
$
122
(218)
(991)
$
$
2015
74
$
$
$
(244)
(981)
Effects of Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedges on Income and Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) or Loss (OCL)
(in millions)
Cross-currency swap agreements designated as
cash flow hedges
Foreign currency borrowings designated as net
investment hedge
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Accumulated OCI or OCL (Effective Portion)
Year Ended May 31,
2016
2015
Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI or OCL into Income (Effective Portion)
$
$
26
(25)
$
$
(318)
Non-operating income (expense), net
208
Not applicable
Year Ended May 31,
2016
2015
$
$
41
—
$
$
(348)
—
(in millions)
Interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges
12. COMMITMENTS AND CERTAIN CONTINGENCIES
Lease Commitments
Location and Amount of Gain
Recognized in Income on Derivative
Interest expense
Year Ended May 31,
2016
48
$
2015
51
$
Location and Amount of Loss on Hedged Item
Recognized in
Income Attributable to Risk Being Hedged
Year Ended May 31,
2016
2015
Interest expense
$
(48)
$
(51)
We lease certain facilities, furniture and equipment under operating leases. As of May 31, 2016, future minimum annual operating lease payments and future
minimum payments to be received from non-cancelable subleases were as follows:
(in millions)
Fiscal 2017
Fiscal 2018
Fiscal 2019
Fiscal 2020
Fiscal 2021
Thereafter
Future minimum operating lease payments
Less: minimum payments to be received from non-cancelable subleases
Total future minimum operating lease payments, net
118
$
328
273
211
152
110
164
1,238
(57)
$ 1,181
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Lease commitments included future minimum rent payments for facilities that we have vacated pursuant to our restructuring and merger integration activities, as
discussed in Note 9. We have approximately $54 million in facility obligations, net of estimated sublease income and other costs, in accrued restructuring for these
locations in our consolidated balance sheet at May 31, 2016.
Rent expense was $283 million, $290 million and $278 million for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, net of sublease income of approximately $45 million
for each of fiscal 2016 and 2015, and $55 million for fiscal 2014. Certain lease agreements contain renewal options providing for extensions of the lease terms.
Unconditional Obligations
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into certain unconditional purchase obligations with our suppliers, which are agreements that are enforceable and
legally binding and specify terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate
timing of the payment. We utilize several external manufacturers to manufacture sub-assemblies for our hardware products and to perform final assembly and
testing of finished hardware products. We also obtain individual components for our hardware products from a variety of individual suppliers based on projected
demand information. Such purchase commitments are based on our forecasted component and manufacturing requirements and typically provide for fulfillment
within agreed upon lead-times and/or commercially standard lead-times for the particular part or product and have been included in the amounts below. Routine
arrangements for other materials and goods that are not related to our external manufacturers and certain other suppliers and that are entered into in the ordinary
course of business are not included in the amounts below, as they are generally entered into in order to secure pricing or other negotiated terms and are difficult to
quantify in a meaningful way.
As of May 31, 2016, our unconditional purchase and certain other obligations were as follows (in millions):
Fiscal 2017
Fiscal 2018
Fiscal 2019
Fiscal 2020
Fiscal 2021
Total
$
574
153
91
68
8
$ 894
As described in Note 8 and Note 11 above, as of May 31, 2016 we have senior notes and other borrowings of $43.9 billion that mature at various future dates and
derivative financial instruments outstanding that we leverage to manage certain risks and exposures.
Guarantees
Our software, cloud and hardware product sales agreements generally include certain provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if our products
infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights. To date, we have not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and have not accrued any
material liabilities related to such obligations in our consolidated financial statements. Certain of our product sales agreements also include provisions indemnifying
customers against liabilities in the event we breach confidentiality or service level requirements. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount
under these indemnification agreements due to our limited and infrequent history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved
in each particular agreement.
Our software license and hardware products agreements also generally include a warranty that our products will substantially operate as described in the applicable
program documentation for a period of one year after delivery. Our SaaS, PaaS and IaaS agreements generally include a warranty that the cloud services will be
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
performed in all material respects as defined in the agreement during the service period. We also warrant that services we perform will be provided in a manner
consistent with industry standards for a period of 90 days from performance of the services.
We occasionally are required, for various reasons, to enter into financial guarantees with third parties in the ordinary course of our business including, among
others, guarantees related to taxes, import licenses and letters of credit on behalf of parties with whom we conduct business. Such agreements have not had a
material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
13.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock Repurchases
Our Board of Directors has approved a program for us to repurchase shares of our common stock. On March 15, 2016, we announced that our Board of Directors
approved an expansion of our stock repurchase program by an additional $10.0 billion. As of May 31, 2016, approximately $8.8 billion remained available for
stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program. We repurchased 271.9 million shares for $10.4 billion (including 2.3 million shares for $94 million
that were repurchased but not settled), 193.7 million shares for $8.1 billion and 280.4 million shares for $9.8 billion in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively,
under the stock repurchase program.
Our stock repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and the pace of our repurchase activity will depend on factors such as our working capital
needs, our cash requirements for acquisitions and dividend payments, our debt repayment obligations or repurchases of our debt, our stock price, and economic and
market conditions. Our stock repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan. Our stock
repurchase program may be accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time.
Dividends on Common Stock
During fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, our Board of Directors declared cash dividends of $0.60, $0.51 and $0.48 per share of our outstanding common stock,
respectively, which we paid during the same period.
In June 2016, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share of our outstanding common stock. The dividend is payable on July 27,
2016 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on July 6, 2016. Future declarations of dividends and the establishment of future record and payment
dates are subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table summarizes, as of each balance sheet date, the components of our accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes:
(in millions)
Foreign currency translation losses and other, net
Unrealized losses on defined benefit plans, net
Unrealized gains on marketable securities, net
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
120
May 31,
2016
$
(778)
(254)
196
20
(816)
$
2015
$
(851)
(304)
124
35
(996)
$
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14.
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Stock-based Compensation Plans
Stock Plans
ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
In fiscal 2001, we adopted the 2000 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan, which provides for the issuance of long-term performance awards, including restricted
stock-based awards, non-qualified stock options and incentive stock options, as well as stock purchase rights and stock appreciation rights, to our eligible
employees, officers and directors who are also employees or consultants, independent consultants and advisers. In fiscal 2011, our stockholders, upon the
recommendation of our Board of Directors (the Board), approved the adoption of the Amended and Restated 2000 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan (the 2000
Plan), which extended the termination date of the 2000 Plan by 10 years and increased the number of authorized shares of stock that may be issued by 388,313,015
shares. In fiscal 2014, our stockholders, upon the recommendation of our Board, approved a further increase in the number of authorized shares of stock that may
be issued under the 2000 Plan by 305,000,000 shares. Under the terms of the 2000 Plan, long-term full value awards are granted in the form of restricted stock units
(RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs). The vesting schedule for RSUs is established by the Compensation Committee and generally requires vesting 25%
annually over four years. The vesting schedule for PSUs is also established by the Compensation Committee and currently requires vesting over four fiscal years, if
at all, based on performance. Options to purchase common stock are granted at not less than fair market value, become exercisable as established by the
Compensation Committee of the Board (generally 25% annually over four years under our current practice) and generally expire no more than 10 years from the
date of grant. For each share granted as a full value award under the 2000 Plan, an equivalent of 2.5 shares is deducted from our pool of shares available for grant.
As of May 31, 2016, the 2000 Plan had 47 million unvested RSUs outstanding, 4 million unvested PSUs outstanding and stock options to purchase 367 million
shares of common stock outstanding of which 246 million shares were vested. As of May 31, 2016, approximately 317 million shares of common stock were
available for future awards under the 2000 Plan. To date, we have not issued any stock purchase rights or stock appreciation rights under the 2000 Plan.
In fiscal 1993, the Board adopted the 1993 Directors’ Stock Plan (the Directors’ Plan), which provides for the issuance of RSUs and other stock-based awards,
including non-qualified stock options, to non-employee directors. The Directors’ Plan has from time to time been amended and restated. Under the terms of the
Directors’ Plan, 10 million shares of common stock are reserved for issuance (including a fiscal 2013 amendment to increase the number of shares of our common
stock reserved for issuance by 2 million shares). In prior years, we granted stock options at not less than fair market value, that vest over four years, and expire no
more than 10 years from the date of grant. The Directors’ Plan was most recently amended on April 29, 2016 and permits the Compensation Committee of the
Board to determine the amount and form of automatic grants of stock awards to each non-employee director upon first becoming a director and thereafter on an
annual basis, as well as automatic nondiscretionary grants for chairing certain Board committees, subject to certain stockholder approved limitations set forth in the
Directors’ Plan. As of May 31, 2016, approximately 147,000 unvested RSUs and stock options to purchase approximately 3 million shares of common stock (of
which approximately 2 million were vested) were outstanding under the Directors’ Plan. As of May 31, 2016, approximately 1 million shares were available for
future stock awards under this plan.
In connection with certain of our acquisitions, we assumed certain outstanding restricted stock-based awards and stock options under each acquired company’s
respective stock plans. These restricted stock-based awards and stock options generally retain all of the rights, terms and conditions of the respective plans under
which they were originally granted. As of May 31, 2016, approximately 491,000 shares of restricted stock-based awards and stock options to purchase 5 million
shares of common stock were outstanding under these plans.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Restricted stock-based award activity and the number of restricted stock-based awards outstanding were not significant prior to fiscal 2015. The following table
summarizes restricted stock-based award activity, including service-based awards and performance-based awards and including awards granted pursuant to Oracle-
based stock plans and stock plans assumed from our acquisitions for fiscal 2016 and 2015:
(in millions, except fair value)
Balance, May 31, 2014
Granted
Canceled
Balance, May 31, 2015
Granted
Vested
Canceled
Balance, May 31, 2016
Restricted Stock-Based Awards Outstanding
Number of
Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
1
28
(1)
28
34
(7)
(3)
52
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
35.29
40.73
39.52
40.63
38.50
40.39
39.73
39.29
The total grant date fair value of restricted stock-based awards that vested in fiscal 2016 and 2015 was $261 million and $28 million, respectively. As of May 31,
2016, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock-based awards was $1.3 billion and is expected to be recognized
over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2.88 years.
In fiscal 2016 and 2015, 2 million and 3 million PSUs were granted, respectively, which vest upon the attainment of certain performance metrics and service-based
vesting. Based upon actual attainment relative to the “target” performance metric, certain participants have the ability to be issued up to 150% of the target number
of PSUs originally granted, or to be issued no PSUs at all. In fiscal 2016, 463,000 PSUs vested and 4 million PSUs remained outstanding as of May 31, 2016.
The following table summarizes stock option activity and includes awards granted pursuant to Oracle-based stock plans and stock plans assumed from our
acquisitions for our last three fiscal years ended May 31, 2016:
(in millions, except exercise price)
Balance, May 31, 2013
Granted
Assumed
Exercised
Canceled
Balance, May 31, 2014
Granted
Assumed
Exercised
Canceled
Balance, May 31, 2015
Granted
Assumed
Exercised
Canceled
Balance, May 31, 2016
(1)
Options Outstanding
Shares Under
Option
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
447
131
5
(95)
(26)
462
34
3
(70)
(16)
413
25
1
(53)
(11)
375
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
25.48
31.02
9.02
21.51
30.60
27.37
40.54
21.98
24.49
33.76
28.64
40.34
4.97
25.13
35.19
29.66
(1)
Approximately 7 million of the 25 million stock options granted during fiscal 2016 were to our Chief Executive Officers and Chief Technology Officer and had contractual lives of five years versus the 10-
year contractual lives for the other stock options granted.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Options outstanding that have vested and that are expected to vest as of May 31, 2016 were as follows:
Vested
Expected to vest
Total
(2)
Outstanding
Options
(in millions)
253
115
368
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
$ 27.52
$ 33.91
$ 29.52
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contract Term
(in years)
4.83
7.20
5.57
In-the-Money
Options as of
May 31, 2016
(in millions)
245
76
321
Aggregate
Intrinsic
(1)
Value
(in millions)
3,232
$
736
3,968
$
(1)
(2)
The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated based on the gross difference between our closing stock price on the last trading day of fiscal 2016 of $40.20 and the exercise prices for all “in-the-money”
options outstanding, excluding tax effects.
The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for shares expected to vest (unvested shares net of expected forfeitures) as of May 31, 2016 was approximately $474 million
and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.02 years. Approximately 7 million shares outstanding as of May 31, 2016 were not expected to vest.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Valuation of Stock Awards
We estimated the fair values of our restricted stock-based awards that are solely subject to service-based vesting requirements based upon their intrinsic values as
of the grant dates.
The fair values of our PSUs were also measured based upon their intrinsic values as of their respective grant dates. The vesting conditions and related terms of our
PSUs were communicated to each participating employee as of their respective grant dates and included attainment metrics that were defined, fixed and based upon
consistent U.S. GAAP metrics or internal metrics that are defined, fixed and consistently determined, and that require the employee to render service. Therefore,
these awards met the performance-based award classification criteria as defined within ASC 718.
We estimated the fair values of our stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair values
of stock options. Option valuation models, including the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, require the input of assumptions, including stock price
volatility. Changes in the input assumptions can affect the fair value estimates and ultimately how much we recognize as stock-based compensation expense. The
fair values of our stock options were estimated at the grant dates or at the acquisition dates for options assumed in a business combination. The weighted-average
input assumptions used and resulting fair values of our stock options were as follows for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014:
Expected life (in years)
Risk-free interest rate
Volatility
Dividend yield
Weighted-average fair value per share
Year Ended May 31,
2016
4.8
1.6%
24%
1.5%
$ 8.49
2015
5.1
1.7%
23%
1.2%
$ 9.62
2014
4.9
1.3%
27%
1.5%
$ 7.47
The expected life input is based on historical exercise patterns and post-vesting termination behavior, the risk-free interest rate input is based on U.S. Treasury
instruments, the annualized dividend yield input is based on the per share dividend declared by our Board of Directors and the volatility input is calculated based on
the implied volatility of our publicly traded options.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Stock-based compensation was included in the following operating expense line items in our consolidated statements of operations:
(in millions)
Sales and marketing
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service
Cloud infrastructure as a service
Software license updates and product support
Hardware products
Hardware support
Services
Research and development
General and administrative
Acquisition related and other
Total stock-based compensation
Estimated income tax benefit included in provision for income taxes
Total stock-based compensation, net of estimated income tax benefit
Tax Benefits from Exercise of Stock Options and Vesting of Restricted Stock-Based Awards
2016
$
220
17
4
23
7
5
29
609
120
3
$ 1,037
(322)
715
$
Year Ended May 31,
2015
$
180
10
5
21
6
6
30
522
148
5
933
(294)
639
$
$
2014
165
$
8
4
22
5
6
29
385
171
10
805
(260)
545
$
$
Total cash received as a result of option exercises was approximately $1.3 billion, $1.7 billion and $2.0 billion for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The
aggregate intrinsic value of vesting of restricted stock-based awards and options exercised was $1.0 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion for fiscal 2016, 2015 and
2014, respectively. In connection with the vesting of restricted stock-based awards and stock option exercises, the tax benefits realized by us were $311 million,
$396 million and $480 million for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Of the total tax benefits received, we classified excess tax benefits from stock-based
compensation of $124 million, $244 million and $250 million as cash flows from financing activities rather than cash flows from operating activities for fiscal
2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Purchase Plan) that allows employees to purchase shares of common stock at a price per share that is 95% of the fair
market value of Oracle stock as of the end of the semi-annual option period. As of May 31, 2016, 54 million shares were reserved for future issuances under the
Purchase Plan. We issued 3 million shares under the Purchase Plan in each of fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Defined Contribution and Other Postretirement Plans
We offer various defined contribution plans for our U.S. and non-U.S. employees. Total defined contribution plan expense was $387 million, $362 million and
$357 million for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The number of plan participants in our benefit plans has generally increased in recent years as we have
hired additional employees and assumed eligible employees from our acquisitions.
In the United States, regular employees can participate in the Oracle Corporation 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan (Oracle 401(k) Plan). Participants can
generally contribute up to 40% of their eligible compensation on a per-pay-period basis as defined by the Oracle 401(k) Plan document or by the section 402(g)
limit as defined by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS). We match a portion of employee contributions, currently 50% up to 6% of compensation each pay
period, subject to maximum aggregate matching amounts. Our contributions to the Oracle 401(k) Plan, net of forfeitures, were $153 million, $144 million and $134
million in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
We also offer non-qualified deferred compensation plans to certain employees whereby they may defer a portion of their annual base and/or variable compensation
until retirement or a date specified by the employee in accordance with the plans. Deferred compensation plan assets and liabilities were each approximately $419
million as of May 31, 2016 and were each approximately $408 million as of May 31, 2015 and were presented in other assets and other non-current liabilities in the
accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
We sponsor certain defined benefit pension plans that are offered primarily by certain of our foreign subsidiaries. Many of these plans were assumed through our
acquisitions or are required by local regulatory requirements. We may deposit funds for these plans with insurance companies, third-party trustees, or into
government-managed accounts consistent with local regulatory requirements, as applicable. Our total defined benefit plan pension expenses were $95 million, $69
million and $64 million for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The aggregate projected benefit obligation and aggregate net liability (funded status) of our
defined benefit plans as of May 31, 2016 was $949 million and $587 million, respectively, and as of May 31, 2015 was $1.0 billion and $599 million, respectively.
15.
INCOME TAXES
The following is a geographical breakdown of income before the provision for income taxes:
(in millions)
Domestic
Foreign
Income before provision for income taxes
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
(Dollars in millions)
Current provision:
Federal
State
Foreign
Total current provision
Deferred benefit:
Federal
State
Foreign
Total deferred benefit
Total provision for income taxes
Effective income tax rate
125
2016
Year Ended May 31,
2015
2014
$
4,033 $
7,409
5,397
8,307
$ 11,442 $ 12,834 $ 13,704
5,136 $
7,698
2016
Year Ended May 31,
2015
2014
$ 1,301
271
1,074
2,646
$
$ 2,153
310
981
3,444
$
$ 1,613
337
1,047
2,997
$
$
$
$
(123)
(21)
39
(105)
2,541
22.2%
$
$
$
(408)
(46)
(94)
(548)
2,896
22.6%
$
$
$
(68)
(100)
(80)
(248)
2,749
20.1%
Table of Contents
ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
The provision for income taxes differed from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory rate to our income before provision for income taxes as
follows:
(in millions)
Tax provision at statutory rate
Foreign earnings at other than United States rates
State tax expense, net of federal benefit
Settlements and releases from judicial decisions and statute expirations, net
Domestic production activity deduction
Other, net
Total provision for income taxes
The components of our deferred tax liabilities and assets were as follows:
(in millions)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized gain on stock
Acquired intangible assets
Unremitted earnings
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax assets:
Accruals and allowances
Employee compensation and benefits
Differences in timing of revenue recognition
Depreciation and amortization
Tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets
Recorded as:
Non-current deferred tax assets
Non-current deferred tax liabilities (in other non-current liabilities)
Net deferred tax assets
2016
$ 4,005
(1,284)
176
(150)
(155)
(51)
2,541
$
Year Ended May 31,
2015
$ 4,492
(1,627)
176
(85)
(188)
128
2,896
$
2014
$ 4,796
(1,790)
154
(168)
(174)
(69)
2,749
$
May 31,
2016
2015
$
(130)
(1,482)
(987)
(33)
$ (2,632)
$
492
1,149
351
9
2,935
$
4,936
$ (1,173)
1,131
$
1,291
(160)
1,131
$
$
(130)
(1,879)
(646)
(11)
$ (2,666)
$
421
1,123
335
155
2,649
$
4,683
$ (1,024)
993
$
1,458
(465)
993
$
We provide for United States income taxes on the undistributed earnings and the other outside basis temporary differences of foreign subsidiaries unless they are
considered indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. At May 31, 2016, the amount of temporary differences related to undistributed earnings and other
outside basis temporary differences of investments in foreign subsidiaries upon which United States income taxes have not been provided was approximately $42.6
billion and $8.3 billion, respectively. If these undistributed earnings were repatriated to the United States, or if the other outside basis differences were recognized
in a taxable transaction, they would generate foreign tax credits that would reduce the federal tax liability associated with the foreign dividend or the otherwise
taxable transaction. At May 31, 2016, assuming a full utilization of the foreign tax credits, the potential net deferred tax liability associated with these temporary
differences of undistributed earnings and other outside basis temporary differences would be approximately $13.3 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Our net deferred tax assets were $1.1 billion and $993 million as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We believe it is more likely than not that the net deferred
tax assets will be realized in the foreseeable future. Realization of our net deferred tax assets is dependent upon our generation of sufficient taxable income in future
years in appropriate tax jurisdictions to obtain benefit from the reversal of temporary differences, net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. The
amount of net deferred tax assets considered realizable is subject to adjustment in future periods if estimates of future taxable income change.
The valuation allowance was $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion at May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Substantially all of the valuation allowances as of May 31, 2016
and 2015 relate to tax assets established in purchase accounting. Any subsequent reduction of that portion of the valuation allowance and the recognition of the
associated tax benefits associated with our acquisitions will be recorded to our provision for income taxes subsequent to our final determination of the valuation
allowance or the conclusion of the measurement period (as defined above), whichever comes first.
At May 31, 2016, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $758 million. These losses expire in various years between fiscal 2017 and
fiscal 2035 and are subject to limitations on their utilization. We had state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $2.7 billion at May 31, 2016, which
expire between fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2035 and are subject to limitations on their utilization. We had total foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately
$1.6 billion at May 31, 2016, which are subject to limitations on their utilization. Approximately $1.4 billion of these foreign net operating losses are not currently
subject to expiration dates. The remainder of the foreign net operating losses, approximately $240 million, expire between fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2036. We had tax
credit carryforwards of approximately $1.2 billion at May 31, 2016, which are subject to limitations on their utilization. Approximately $652 million of these tax
credit carryforwards are not currently subject to expiration dates. The remainder of the tax credit carryforwards, approximately $541 million, expire in various
years between fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2035.
We classify our unrecognized tax benefits as either current or non-current income taxes payable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The aggregate
changes in the balance of our gross unrecognized tax benefits, including acquisitions, were as follows:
(in millions)
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of June 1
Increases related to tax positions from prior fiscal years
Decreases related to tax positions from prior fiscal years
Increases related to tax positions taken during current fiscal year
Settlements with tax authorities
Lapses of statutes of limitation
Cumulative translation adjustments and other, net
Total gross unrecognized tax benefits as of May 31
$
2016
4,038
350
(111)
461
(73)
(73)
(31)
$ 4,561
$
Year Ended May 31,
2015
3,838
119
(17)
316
(30)
(54)
(134)
$ 4,038
2014
$
3,601
94
(116)
307
(2)
(53)
7
$ 3,838
As of May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, $3.1 billion, $2.8 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, of unrecognized benefits would affect our effective tax rate if
recognized. We recognized interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in our provision for income taxes line of our consolidated statements of
operations of $26 million, $102 million and $24 million during fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Interest and penalties accrued as of May 31, 2016 and
2015 were $765 million and $756 million, respectively.
Domestically, U.S. federal and state taxing authorities are currently examining income tax returns of Oracle and various acquired entities for years through fiscal
2015. Many issues are at an advanced stage in the examination process, the most significant of which include the deductibility of certain royalty payments, transfer
pricing, extraterritorial income exemptions, domestic production activity, foreign tax credits, and research and development credits taken. Other issues are related
to years with expiring statutes of limitation. With all of these
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
domestic audit issues considered in the aggregate, we believe it was reasonably possible that, as of May 31, 2016, the gross unrecognized tax benefits related to
these audits could decrease (whether by payment, release, or a combination of both) in the next 12 months by as much as $228 million ($176 million net of
offsetting tax benefits). Our U.S. federal income tax returns have been examined for all years prior to fiscal 2007 and we are no longer subject to audit for those
periods. Our U.S. state income tax returns, with some exceptions, have been examined for all years prior to fiscal 2004 and we are no longer subject to audit for
those periods.
Internationally, tax authorities for numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions are also examining returns affecting our unrecognized tax benefits. We believe it was
reasonably possible that, as of May 31, 2016, the gross unrecognized tax benefits, could decrease (whether by payment, release, or a combination of both) by as
much as $199 million ($74 million net of offsetting tax benefits) in the next 12 months, related primarily to transfer pricing. Other issues are related to years with
expiring statutes of limitation. With some exceptions, we are generally no longer subject to tax examinations in non-U.S. jurisdictions for years prior to fiscal 1997.
We believe that we have adequately provided under GAAP for outcomes related to our tax audits. However, there can be no assurances as to the possible outcomes
or any related financial statement effect thereof. On July 27, 2015, in Altera
Corp.
v.
Commissioner
, the U.S. Tax Court issued an opinion related to the treatment
of stock-based compensation expense in an intercompany cost-sharing arrangement. A final decision has yet to be issued by the U.S. Tax Court due to other
outstanding issues related to the case. At this time, the U.S. Department of the Treasury has not withdrawn the requirement to include stock-based compensation
from its regulations. We have reviewed this case and its impact on Oracle and concluded that no adjustment to the consolidated financial statements is appropriate
at this time. We will continue to monitor ongoing developments and potential impacts to our consolidated financial statements.
We are under audit by the IRS and various other domestic and foreign tax authorities with regards to income tax and indirect tax matters and are involved in
various challenges and litigation in a number of countries, including, in particular, India, Brazil, and Korea, where the amounts under controversy are significant. In
some, although not all, cases, we have reserved for potential adjustments to our provision for income taxes and accrual of indirect taxes that may result from
examinations by, or any negotiated agreements with, these tax authorities or final outcomes in judicial proceedings, and we believe that the final outcome of these
examinations, agreements or judicial proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations. If events occur which indicate payment of these
amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of benefits in the period we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If
our estimates of the federal, state, and foreign income tax liabilities and indirect tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, it would result in a further
charge to expense.
16.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
ASC 280, Segment
Reporting
, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an
enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in
deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief operating decision makers are our Chief Executive Officers. We are organized
geographically and by line of business. While our Chief Executive Officers evaluate results in a number of different ways, the line of business management
structure is the primary basis for which the allocation of resources and financial results are assessed.
We have three businesses—cloud and on-premise software, hardware and services—which are further divided into certain operating segments. Our cloud and on-
premise software business is comprised of three operating segments: (1) cloud software and on-premise software, which includes our cloud SaaS and PaaS
offerings, (2) cloud IaaS and (3) software license updates and product support. Our hardware business is comprised of two operating segments: (1) hardware
products and (2) hardware support. All other operating segments are combined under our services business.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Our cloud software and on-premise software line of business markets, sells and delivers a broad spectrum of application and platform technologies through our
SaaS and PaaS offerings, which are certain of our software applications and platforms that are delivered via a cloud-based IT environment that we host, manage
and support, and through the licensing of our software products including Oracle Applications, Oracle Database, Oracle Fusion Middleware and Java, among
others.
The cloud IaaS line of business provides infrastructure cloud services that are enterprise-grade, hosted and supported within the Oracle Cloud to perform elastic
compute, storage and networking services on a subscription basis; and Oracle Managed Cloud Services, which are comprehensive software and hardware
management and maintenance services for customer IT infrastructure for a fee for a stated term that are hosted at our Oracle data center facilities, select partner
data centers or physically on-premise at customer facilities.
The software license updates and product support line of business generates revenues through the sale of software support contracts related to new software licenses
purchased by our customers. The software license updates and product support line of business provides our on-premise software customers with rights to software
product upgrades and maintenance releases, patches released, internet access to technical content, as well as internet and telephone access to technical support
personnel during the support period.
The hardware products line of business provides Oracle Engineered Systems, servers, storage, networking, industry-specific hardware, virtualization software,
operating systems including the Oracle Solaris Operating System and management software to support diverse IT environments, including cloud computing
environments.
Our hardware support line of business provides customers with software updates for the software components that are essential to the functionality of our hardware
products, such as Oracle Solaris and certain other software products, and can include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support services.
Our services business is comprised of the remainder of our operating segments and offers consulting, advanced customer support services and education services.
Our consulting line of business primarily provides services to customers in business and IT strategy alignment, enterprise architecture planning and design, initial
product implementation and integration and ongoing product enhancements and upgrades. Advanced customer support provides support services, both on-premise
and remote, to our customers to enable increased performance and higher availability of their products and services and also includes certain other services.
Education services provide training to customers, partners and employees as a part of our mission of accelerating the adoption and use of our cloud, on-premise
software and hardware offerings.
We do not track our assets by operating segments. Consequently, it is not practical to show assets by operating segment.
The following table presents summary results for each of our three businesses and for the operating segments of our cloud and on-premise software and hardware
businesses:
129
ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Table of Contents
(in millions)
Cloud software and on-premise software:
(1)
(2)
Revenues
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service expenses
Sales and distribution expenses
Margin
Cloud infrastructure as a service:
Revenues
Cloud infrastructure as a service expenses
Sales and distribution expenses
Margin
(2)
Software license updates and product support:
(1)
Revenues
Software license updates and product support expenses
Margin
(2)
Total cloud and on-premise software business:
(1)
Revenues
Expenses
Margin
(2)
Hardware products:
Revenues
Hardware products expenses
Sales and distribution expenses
Margin
(2)
Hardware support:
(1)
Revenues
Hardware support expenses
Margin
(2)
Total hardware business:
(1)
Revenues
Expenses
Margin
(2)
Total services business:
Revenues
(1)
Services expenses
Margin
(2)
Totals:
(1)
Revenues
Expenses
Margin
(2)
2016
Year Ended May 31,
2015
2014
$
$
$
$
9,488 $ 10,025 $ 10,542
437
742
1,116
5,666
5,812
6,010
4,439
3,471 $
2,362 $
646 $
352
74
220 $
608 $
329
89
190 $
456
304
61
91
$ 18,863 $ 18,858 $ 18,209
1,111
$ 17,786 $ 17,728 $ 17,098
1,077
1,130
$ 28,997 $ 29,491 $ 29,207
7,579
$ 20,368 $ 21,389 $ 21,628
8,629
8,102
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,471 $
1,364
850
257 $
2,825 $
1,465
864
496 $
2,198 $
665
1,533 $
2,384 $
783
1,601 $
4,669 $
2,879
1,790 $
5,209 $
3,112
2,097 $
3,391 $
2,645
746 $
3,553 $
2,818
735 $
2,976
1,516
940
520
2,407
802
1,605
5,383
3,258
2,125
3,716
2,822
894
$ 37,057 $ 38,253 $ 38,306
13,659
$ 22,904 $ 24,221 $ 24,647
14,153
14,032
(1)
Cloud software and on-premise software, software license updates and product support and hardware support revenues for management reporting included revenues related to cloud SaaS and PaaS, software
support and hardware support contracts that would have otherwise been recorded by the acquired businesses as independent entities but were not recognized in our consolidated statements of operations for
the periods presented. See Note 10 for an explanation of these adjustments and the table below for a reconciliation of our total operating
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
segment revenues to our total revenues as reported in our consolidated statements of operations. Our cloud software and on-premise software and services revenues for management reporting also differ from
amounts reported per our consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented due to certain insignificant reclassifications between these lines for management reporting purposes.
(2)
The margins reported reflect only the direct controllable costs of each line of business and do not include allocations of product development, marketing and partner programs, and corporate, general and
administrative and IT expenses. Additionally, the margins reported do not reflect amortization of intangible assets, acquisition related and other expenses, restructuring expenses, stock-based compensation,
interest expense or certain other income (expense), net.
The following table reconciles total operating segment revenues to total revenues as well as total operating segment margin to income before provision for income
taxes:
(in millions)
Total revenues for operating segments
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service revenues
Software license updates and product support revenues
Hardware support revenues
Total revenues
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Total margin for operating segments
Cloud software as a service and platform as a service revenues
Software license updates and product support revenues
Hardware support revenues
Product development
Marketing and partner program expenses
Corporate, general and administrative and information technology expenses
Amortization of intangible assets
Acquisition related and other
Restructuring
Stock-based compensation
Interest expense
Non-operating income (expense), net
Income before provision for income taxes
2016
$ 37,057
(7)
(2)
(1)
$ 37,047
$ 22,904
(7)
(2)
(1)
(4,978)
(505)
(1,635)
(1,638)
(42)
(458)
(1,034)
(1,467)
305
$ 11,442
Year Ended May 31,
2015
$ 38,253
(12)
(11)
(4)
$ 38,226
$ 24,221
(12)
(11)
(4)
(4,812)
(520)
(1,496)
(2,149)
(211)
(207)
(928)
(1,143)
106
$ 12,834
2014
$ 38,306
(17)
(3)
(11)
$ 38,275
$ 24,647
(17)
(3)
(11)
(4,590)
(564)
(1,384)
(2,300)
(41)
(183)
(795)
(914)
(141)
$ 13,704
(1)
Cloud SaaS and PaaS revenues, software license updates and product support revenues and hardware support revenues for management reporting included revenues that would have otherwise been recorded
by our acquired businesses as independent entities but were not recognized in our consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented due to business combination accounting requirements.
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Geographic Information
ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
Disclosed in the table below is geographic information for each country that comprised greater than three percent of our total revenues for any of fiscal 2016, 2015
or 2014.
(in millions)
United States
United Kingdom
Japan
Germany
Canada
France
Other countries
Total
2016
As of and for the Year Ended May 31,
2015
Long-Lived
Assets
(1)
Revenues
Assets
(1)
Long-Lived
2014
Revenues
Long-Lived
Assets
3,646 $ 17,325 $
3,341 $ 16,809 $
Revenues
$ 17,264 $
2,349
1,465
1,438
1,096
1,039
12,396
2,388
1,433
1,466
1,286
1,044
13,284
$ 37,047 $ 5,428 $ 38,226 $ 5,119 $ 38,275 $
2,309
1,558
1,483
1,190
1,148
13,778
309
338
33
58
33
1,007
334
375
40
44
26
963
(1)
2,993
236
414
35
31
28
879
4,616
(1)
Long-lived assets exclude goodwill, intangible assets, equity investments and deferred taxes, which are not allocated to specific geographic locations as it is impracticable to do so.
17.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period,
plus the dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock-based awards, stock options, and shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan using the treasury
stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
(in millions, except per share data)
Net income
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Dilutive effect of employee stock plans
Dilutive weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Shares subject to anti-dilutive restricted stock-based awards and stock options excluded from calculation
(1)
2016
$ 8,901
4,221
84
4,305
$
2.11
2.07
$
63
Year Ended May 31,
2015
$ 9,938
4,404
99
4,503
$
2.26
2.21
$
37
2014
$ 10,955
4,528
76
4,604
2.42
2.38
76
$
$
(1)
These weighted shares relate to anti-dilutive restricted stock-based awards and stock options as calculated using the treasury stock method and could be dilutive in the future. See Note 14 for information
regarding the exercise prices of our outstanding, unexercised options.
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18.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Hewlett-Packard Company Litigation
ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
On June 15, 2011, Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) filed a complaint in the California Superior Court, County of Santa Clara against Oracle Corporation alleging
numerous causes of action including breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, defamation, intentional interference with prospective
economic advantage, and violation of the California Unfair Business Practices Act. The original plaintiff, Hewlett Packard Company, is now Hewlett Packard
Enterprise Company. The complaint alleged that when Oracle announced on March 22 and 23, 2011 that it would no longer develop future versions of its software
to run on HP’s Itanium-based servers, it breached a settlement agreement signed on September 20, 2010 between HP and Mark Hurd (the Hurd Settlement
Agreement), who was both HP’s former chief executive officer and chairman of HP’s board of directors. HP sought a judicial declaration of the parties’ rights and
obligations under the Hurd Settlement Agreement, and other equitable and monetary relief.
Oracle answered the complaint and filed a cross-complaint, which was amended on December 2, 2011. The amended cross-complaint alleged claims including
violation of the Lanham Act. Oracle alleged that HP had secretly agreed to pay Intel to continue to develop and manufacture the Itanium microprocessor, and had
misrepresented to customers that the Itanium microprocessor had a long roadmap, among other claims. Oracle sought equitable rescission of the Hurd Settlement
Agreement, and other equitable and monetary relief.
The court bifurcated the trial and tried HP’s causes of action for declaratory relief and promissory estoppel without a jury in June 2012. The court issued a final
statement of decision on August 28, 2012, finding that the Hurd Settlement Agreement required Oracle to continue to develop certain of its software products for
use on HP’s Itanium-based servers and to port such products at no cost to HP for as long as HP sells those servers. Oracle has announced that it is appealing this
decision. The issues of breach, HP’s performance, causation and damages, HP’s tort claims, and Oracle’s cross-claims will all be tried before a jury. As of April 8,
2013, the trial was stayed pending Oracle’s appeal of the court’s denial of its anti-SLAPP motion. On August 27, 2015, the Court of Appeal affirmed the trial
court’s denial of Oracle’s anti-SLAPP motion. The Court of Appeal’s decision became final on September 26, 2015. The matter was remanded to the trial court for
further proceedings and trial, which began on May 23, 2016. While we believe that we have meritorious defenses against this action, and we will continue to
vigorously defend it, we cannot currently estimate a reasonably possible range of loss for this action due to the complexities and uncertainty surrounding the
judicial process and the nature of the claims.
State of Oregon Litigation
On August 22, 2014, the Attorney General for the State of Oregon, the State of Oregon, and the Oregon Health Insurance Exchange Corporation, doing business as
Cover Oregon (Cover Oregon), filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court of the State of Oregon for the County of Marion against Oracle, our then-President and Chief
Financial Officer, three current and two former Oracle employees, and Mythics, Inc. The complaint alleges claims related to the work Oracle performed on
Oregon’s healthcare exchange website and Oregon’s system for delivering health and human services to low-income residents. Thereafter, Cover Oregon was
dissolved, and the Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services (the DCBS) continued to assert Cover Oregon’s claims. Also, one of the former Oracle
employees was dismissed from the lawsuit. A First Amended Complaint was filed on August 10, 2015.
The complaint alleges claims against Oracle for fraud, violations of Oregon’s False Claims Act, breach of contract, and violations of the Oregon Civil Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, and alleges a violation of Oregon’s False Claims Act against each of the individuals. The complaint seeks monetary
damages, statutory penalties, attorneys’ fees and costs, and a permanent injunction prohibiting Oracle from marketing to or entering into a contract with any public
corporation or agency of the State of Oregon. Specifically, the complaint alleges that Oracle committed fraud by making false statements about the capabilities and
functionality of its products and about the amount of time and effort it would take Oracle’s consulting and managed cloud services operations to perform the
requested work. It also alleges that Oracle breached the contracts by failing to provide
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
what was required under the contracts and failing to perform the services in a professional manner consistent with industry standards. The complaint alleges that
Oracle violated Oregon’s False Claims Act by making false statements in order to obtain payment of invoices and by presenting invoices for payment that were
false. The claims for violation of Oregon’s Civil Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act allege that Oracle violated the statute by making false
statements in writing about the capabilities of Oracle’s products and the functionality and readiness of the healthcare exchange website, by using those false
statements to obtain the signatures necessary to secure the contracts, execute documents, and enable payment, and by using the wires to transmit documents
containing the allegedly false statements. On May 16, 2016, the State of Oregon filed a motion seeking to amend its complaint to add a demand for punitive
damages against Oracle for the claims alleging fraud and violations of the Oregon Civil Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.
The claims against the individuals allege that one former employee violated Oregon’s False Claims Act by making false statements that fraudulently induced the
State of Oregon to enter into its contracts with Oracle, and that the other four employees violated the statute by making false statements in order to get invoices
paid.
Oracle responded to the original complaint on December 2, 2014, and filed a response to the First Amended Complaint on August 20, 2015. Oracle denied all
claims and allegations and filed counterclaims against the DCBS for breach of contract, quantum
meruit
(a claim requesting payment for the value of services
provided), and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The court granted the State of Oregon’s motion to dismiss Oracle’s claims for breach
of contract and the breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. On October 26, 2015, Oracle filed its amended response to Plaintiffs’ First
Amended Complaint and alleged counterclaims against the DCBS for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, breach of
implied-in-fact contract, quantum
meruit
, and promissory estoppel (a claim seeking to enforce promises that Oracle relied upon in providing services). The State of
Oregon filed a motion to dismiss all counterclaims except the causes of action for quantum
meruit
and promissory estoppel, and on February 5, 2016 the court
granted that motion and dismissed with prejudice Oracle’s claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and breach of
implied-in-fact contract. Oracle seeks monetary damages to compensate it for the value of unpaid services and its attorneys’ fees and costs. Trial is set to begin on
January 10, 2017. We cannot currently estimate a reasonably possible range of loss for this action. We believe that we have meritorious defenses against this action,
and we will continue to vigorously defend it.
On August 8, 2014, Oracle filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court, for the District of Oregon in Portland against Cover Oregon. The complaint alleged claims for
breach of contract and quantum
meruit
and sought monetary damages to compensate Oracle for the value of unpaid services. On September 8, 2014, Oracle filed a
First Amended Complaint adding two State of Oregon agencies as defendants and adding causes of action for copyright infringement and breach of the implied
covenant of good faith and fair dealing. On January 27, 2015, Oracle filed a Second Amended Complaint. Cover Oregon, now the DCBS, is a defendant as to all
causes of action; the other state agencies are defendants to the cause of action for copyright infringement. In addition to monetary damages, Oracle seeks an
injunction prohibiting infringement of its copyrights. All defendants moved for judgment in their favor, claiming that the state entities have sovereign immunity
(that is, they cannot be sued in federal court). On November 18, 2015, the court ruled on the motions, holding that two state agencies (Oregon Health Authority and
Oregon Department of Human Services) do not have sovereign immunity, but that the DCBS does have sovereign immunity. On December 9 and 17, 2015, Oracle
and the Oregon parties each filed notices of appeal from that decision. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has coordinated the two matters, and briefing will begin
in late April 2016.
On November 12, 2015, Oracle filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court of the State of Oregon for the County of Marion against Oregon’s Governor, Kate Brown, in her
official capacity. Oracle filed a First Amended Complaint on January 15, 2016. In this lawsuit, Oracle alleges violations of Oregon’s Public Records Law and seeks
a court order declaring that Governor Brown has violated Oregon’s Public Records Law and compelling compliance with that law. The Governor has moved to
dismiss the complaint.
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ORACLE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
May 31, 2016
On January 21, 2016, Oracle filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court of the State of Oregon for the County of Marion against the State of Oregon, by and through
Governor Kate Brown, Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum, and three state agencies. In this lawsuit, Oracle seeks to enforce an October 2015 oral agreement to
resolve all pending litigation between Oracle and the State of Oregon. The State of Oregon moved to dismiss the complaint, and on April 28, 2016 that motion was
denied. Oracle filed a First Amended Complaint on June 13, 2016, and Mythics, Inc. was added as a plaintiff.
On March 8, 2016, Oracle filed a Complaint for a Writ of Mandamus in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against Sylvia Burwell, Secretary, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, in her official capacity. In this lawsuit, Oracle alleges that, as to the State of Oregon and the Oregon Health Insurance
Exchange, the Secretary failed to exercise her mandatory oversight duties under the Affordable Care Act to monitor the integrity and performance of states and
state health insurance exchanges that receive federal funds. Oracle seeks an order requiring the Secretary to exercise that mandatory duty and (1) direct the State of
Oregon to stay or dismiss its lawsuit against Oracle, and (2) monitor and investigate all work Oregon and its subgrantees and contractors, including Oracle, did on
the health insurance exchange project to determine what liabilities involving federal funds, if any, have arisen from it.
Other Litigation
We are party to various other legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings and
claims that relate to acquisitions we have completed or to companies we have acquired or are attempting to acquire. While the outcome of these matters cannot be
predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the outcome of any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will result in losses that are materially in
excess of amounts already recognized, if any.
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SCHEDULE II
(in millions)
Allowances for Doubtful Trade Receivables
Year Ended:
May 31, 2014
May 31, 2015
May 31, 2016
ORACLE CORPORATION
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Additions
Charged to
Operations or
Other Accounts
Write-offs
Translation
Adjustments
and
Other
$
$
$
122
56
130
$
$
$
(120)
(86)
(90)
$
$
$
8
9
2
Ending
Balance
$ 306
$ 285
$ 327
Beginning
Balance
$
$
$
296
306
285
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SIGNATURES
Date: June 22, 2016
Date: June 22, 2016
ORACLE CORPORATION
By:
/ S / S AFRA A. C ATZ
Safra A. Catz
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive and Financial Officer)
By:
/ S / M ARK V. H URD
Mark V. Hurd
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the
capacities and on the date indicated.
Name
Title
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive and Financial Officer)
Date
June 22, 2016
/ S / S AFRA A. C ATZ
Safra A. Catz
/ S / M ARK V. H URD
Mark V. Hurd
/ S / W ILLIAM C OREY W EST
William Corey West
/ S / L AWRENCE J. E LLISON
Lawrence J. Ellison
/ S / J EFFREY O. H ENLEY
Jeffrey O. Henley
/ S / J EFFREY S. B ERG
Jeffrey S. Berg
/ S / H. R AYMOND B INGHAM
H. Raymond Bingham
/ S / M ICHAEL J. B OSKIN
Michael J. Boskin
/ S / B RUCE R. C HIZEN
Bruce R. Chizen
/ S / G EORGE H. C ONRADES
George H. Conrades
/ S / H ECTOR G ARCIA -M OLINA
Hector Garcia-Molina
/ S / R ENÉE J. J AMES
Renée J. James
/ S / L EON E. P ANETTA
Leon E. Panetta
/ S / N AOMI O. S ELIGMAN
Naomi O. Seligman
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
June 22, 2016
Executive Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting
Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)
Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Technology Officer and
Director
June 22, 2016
June 22, 2016
Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director
June 22, 2016
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
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June 22, 2016
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June 22, 2016
June 22, 2016
June 22, 2016
Table of Contents
ORACLE CORPORATION
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed herewith or are incorporated by reference to exhibits previously filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Exhibit
No.
3.01
Exhibit Description
Form
File No.
Incorporated by Reference
Filing Date
Exhibit
Filed By
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Oracle
Corporation and Certificate of Amendment of Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Oracle Corporation
8-K
12G3
000-51788
3.01
2/6/06
Oracle Corporation
3.02
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Oracle Corporation
8-K
001-35992
3.02
6/16/16
Oracle Corporation
4.01
Specimen Certificate of Registrant’s Common Stock
Indenture dated January 13, 2006, among Ozark Holding Inc.,
Oracle Corporation and Citibank, N.A.
Form of Old 2016 Note, together with the Officers’ Certificate
issued January 13, 2006 pursuant to the Indenture dated January 13,
2006, among Oracle Corporation (formerly known as Ozark Holding
Inc.) and Citibank, N.A.
S-3
ASR
333-166643
4.04
5/7/10
Oracle Corporation
8-K
000-14376
10.34
1/20/06
8-K
000-14376
10.35
1/20/06
Oracle Systems
Corporation
Oracle Systems
Corporation
Form of New 5.25% Note due 2016
S-4/A
333-132250
4.4
4/14/06
Oracle Corporation
First Supplemental Indenture dated May 9, 2007 among Oracle
Corporation, Citibank, N.A. and The Bank of New York Trust
Company, N.A.
S-3
ASR
333-142796
4.3
5/10/07
Oracle Corporation
Forms of 5.75% Note due 2018 and 6.50% Note due 2038, together
with Officers’ Certificate issued April 9, 2008 setting forth the terms
of the Notes
Forms of 5.00% Note due 2019 and 6.125% Note due 2039, together
with Officers’ Certificate issued July 8, 2009 setting forth the terms
of the Notes
Forms of Original 2020 Note and Original 2040 Note, together with
Officers’ Certificate issued July 19, 2010 setting forth the terms of
the Notes
8-K
000-51788
4.09
4/8/08
Oracle Corporation
8-K
000-51788
4.08
7/8/09
Oracle Corporation
10-Q
000-51788
4.08
9/20/10
Oracle Corporation
Forms of New 2020 Note and New 2040 Note
S-4
333-176405
4.5
8/19/11
Oracle Corporation
Forms of 1.20% Note due 2017 and 2.50% Note due 2022, together
with Officers’ Certificate issued October 25, 2012 setting forth the
terms of the Notes
Forms of 2.25% Note due 2021 and 3.125% Note due 2025, together
with Officers’ Certificate issued July 10, 2013 setting forth the terms
of the Notes
138
8-K
000-51788
4.10
10/25/12
Oracle Corporation
8-K
001-35992
4.11
7/10/13
Oracle Corporation
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
Table of Contents
Exhibit
No.
4.12
4.13
4.14
10.01*
10.02*
Exhibit Description
Forms of Floating-Rate Note due 2019, 2.375% Note due 2019 and 3.625%
Note due 2023, together with Officers’ Certificate issued July 16, 2013
setting forth the terms of the Notes
Forms of Floating-Rate Note due 2017, Floating-Rate Note due 2019, 2.25%
Note due 2019, 2.80% Note due 2021, 3.40% Note due 2024, 4.30% Note
due 2034 and 4.50% Note due 2044, together with Officers’ Certificate
issued July 8, 2014 setting forth the terms of the Notes
Forms of 2.50% Notes due 2022, 2.95% Notes due 2025, 3.25% Notes due
2030, 3.90% Notes due 2035, 4.125% Notes due 2045 and 4.375% Notes
due 2055, together with Officers’ Certificate issued May 5, 2015 setting
forth the terms of the Notes
Oracle Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated
as of July 1, 2015
Oracle Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (1992), as amended and
restated as of October 1, 2009
10.03*‡
Oracle Corporation Amended and Restated 1993 Directors’ Stock Plan, as
amended and restated on April 29, 2016
10.04*
10.05*
Amended and Restated 2000 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan, as approved
on October 31, 2013
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2000
Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan for U.S. Executive Vice Presidents and
Section 16 Officers
10.06*
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Oracle Corporation Amended
and Restated 1993 Directors’ Stock Plan
Form
File No.
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit
Filing Date
Filed By
8-K
001-35992
4.12
7/16/13
Oracle Corporation
8-K
001-35992
4.13
7/8/14
Oracle Corporation
8-K
001-35992
4.13
5/5/15
Oracle Corporation
10-Q
001-35992
10.01
9/18/15
Oracle Corporation
10-K
000-51788
10.02
7/1/10
Oracle Corporation
10-Q
001-35992
10.04
12/20/13
Oracle Corporation
10-Q
000-51788
10.05
12/23/11
Oracle Corporation
10-K
001-35992
10.06
06/25/15
Oracle Corporation
10.07*
10.08*
Form of Indemnity Agreement for Directors and Executive Officers
10-Q
000-51788
10.07
12/23/11
Oracle Corporation
Offer letter dated February 2, 2010 to John Fowler and employment
agreement dated February 2, 2010
10-Q
000-51788
10.26
3/29/10
Oracle Corporation
10.09*
Offer letter dated September 2, 2010 to Mark V. Hurd and employment
agreement dated September 3, 2010
8-K
000-51788
10.28
9/8/10
Oracle Corporation
10.10* Oracle Corporation Executive Bonus Plan
8-K
000-51788
10.29
10/13/10
Oracle Corporation
10.11*
Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-Q
000-15086
10.1
2/6/08
Sun Microsystems,
Inc.
139
Table of Contents
Exhibit
No.
10.12
10.13*
10.14*
Exhibit Description
$3,000,000,000 5-Year Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of April
22, 2013 among Oracle Corporation and the lenders and agents named
therein
Oracle Corporation Stock Unit Award Deferred Compensation Plan,
as amended and restated as of July 1, 2015
Form of Performance-Based Stock Unit Award Agreement under the
Amended and Restated 2000 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan for
Section 16 Officers
Form
File No.
Incorporated by Reference
Filing Date
Exhibit
Filed By
8-K
000-51788
10.14
4/26/13
Oracle Corporation
10-Q
001-35992
10.15
9/18/15
Oracle Corporation
10-Q
001-35992
10.16
9/23/14
Oracle Corporation
10.15*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Oracle
Corporation Amended and Restated 1993 Directors’ Stock Plan
10-K
001-35992
10.17
06/25/15
Oracle Corporation
12.01‡ Consolidated Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
21.01‡
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.01‡ Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.01‡ Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer
31.02‡
32.01†
101‡
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive and
Financial Officer
Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officers and
Principal Financial Officer
Interactive Data Files Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (1)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, (2)
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended May 31,
2016, 2015 and 2014, (3) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive
Income for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, (4)
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended May 31, 2016,
2015 and 2014, (5) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the
years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, (6) Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements and (7) Financial Statement Schedule II
*
‡
†
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
Filed herewith.
Furnished herewith.
140
ORACLE CORPORATION
AMENDED AND RESTATED 1993 DIRECTORS’ STOCK PLAN
(as amended and adjusted for stock splits through April 29, 2016)
Exhibit 10.03
1. Establishment and Purpose.
(a)
(b)
Establishment . There is hereby adopted the Amended and Restated 1993 Directors’ Stock Plan (the “ Plan ”) of Oracle Corporation, a Delaware
corporation (the “Company”), which amends and restates the 1993 Directors’ Stock Option Plan which was originally adopted May 24, 1993, and was
amended and restated on October 13, 2003; October 9, 2006; July 14, 2008; July 13, 2009; November 7, 2012, September 4, 2013 and April 29, 2016
(the “Amendment Date”). The Plan is intended to provide a means whereby eligible members of the Board of Directors of the Company may be given
an opportunity to acquire shares of Common Stock of the Company.
Purpose . The purpose of the Plan is to enable the Company to attract and retain the best available individuals for service as members of the Board of
Directors of the Company, to provide additional incentive to such individuals while serving as directors, and to encourage their continued service on
the Board of Directors.
2. Definitions.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
As used herein, the following definitions shall apply:
“ Award ” shall mean any Option or other stock-based award granted hereunder.
“ Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.
“ Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Committee ” shall mean the Committee or Committees referred to in Section 4 of the Plan. If at any time no Committee shall be in office or
appointed by the Board to administer the Plan, then the functions of the Committee specified in the Plan shall be exercised by the Board.
“Common Stock ” shall mean the Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, of the Company.
“ Company” shall mean Oracle Corporation, a Delaware corporation.
“ Continuous Status as a Director ” shall mean the absence of any interruption or termination of service as a Director.
“ Director ” shall mean a member of the Board.
“Employee” shall mean any person, including any officer or Director, who is an employee of the Company, or any Subsidiary of the Company, for
purposes of tax withholding under the Code. The payment of a director’s fee by the Company shall not be sufficient in and of itself to constitute
“employment” by the Company.
“Exchange Act ” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Fair Market Value ” shall mean, as of any date, the value of Common Stock determined as follows, unless otherwise determined by the Committee:
(i)
the last reported sale price of the Common Stock of the Company on NYSE or, if no such reported sale takes place on any such day, the
average of the closing bid and asked prices, or
1
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
if such Common Stock shall then be listed on another national securities exchange, the last reported sale price or, if no such reported sale takes
place on any such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on the principal national securities exchange on which the Common
Stock is listed or admitted to trading, or
if such Common Stock shall not be quoted on NYSE nor listed or admitted to trading on another national securities exchange, then the average
of the closing bid and asked prices, as reported by The Wall Street Journal for the over-the-counter market, or
if none of the foregoing is applicable, then the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be determined in good faith by the
Committee in its discretion.
(l)
“ Full-Value Award ” shall mean any Award other than an Option.
(m)
“ Option ” shall mean an option to purchase shares of Common Stock granted pursuant to the Plan. All Options granted hereunder are not intended to
qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Code.
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
“Optioned Stock ” shall mean the Common Stock subject to an Option.
“ Optionee” shall mean an Outside Director who receives an Option.
“ Outside Director” shall mean a Director who is not an Employee.
“ Participant” shall mean an Outside Director who receives an Award hereunder.
“Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Share” shall mean a share of the Common Stock, as adjusted in accordance with Section 12 of the Plan.
“ Subsidiary ” shall mean a “subsidiary corporation”, whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.
3. Shares Subject to the Plan. Subject to the provisions of Section 12 of the Plan, the maximum number of Shares which may be issued under the Plan after
July 14, 2003 (including pursuant to the exercise of Options outstanding as of such date) is 2,587,830 shares of Common Stock, of which not more than an
aggregate of 1,800,000 Shares shall be available for Full-Value Awards. If an Award granted hereunder expires, terminates, becomes unexercisable or is forfeited
for any reason, the underlying Shares shall become available for future grant under the Plan.
4. Administration of the Plan.
(a)
(b)
Administrator . The Plan shall be administered by the Board or by the Committee appointed by the Board, which shall consist of two or more
members of the Board.
Powers of the Committee . Subject to the provisions and restrictions of the Plan, the Committee shall have the authority, in its discretion, to:
(i) determine the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock; (ii) determine the exercise price per Share; (iii) interpret the Plan; (iv) subject to
Section 13, amend the Plan or any Award; (v) authorize any person to execute on behalf of the Company any agreements or other documents in
connection with the grant of an Award under the Plan; (vi) approve forms of agreement for use under the Plan; and (vii) make all other determinations
deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan.
(c)
Effects of Committee’s Decision. All decisions, determinations and interpretations of the Committee shall be final and binding on all holders of any
Awards granted under the Plan.
2
5. Equity Grants.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Automatic Grants . All grants of Awards hereunder shall be automatic and nondiscretionary and shall be made in accordance with the provisions of
this Section 5, as may be amended by the Board or the Committee from time to time. The Committee shall determine the automatic grants of Awards
to be made hereunder, in all cases subject to the limitations set forth in Sections 5(b) and (c).
Stockholder Approved Limitations on Initial Grants . In no event will Awards granted as initial grants to any individual who becomes an Outside
Director exceed a pro rata amount of 45,000 shares of Optioned Stock (or, with respect to Full-Value Awards, an equivalent value determined by the
Board pursuant to Section 5(d)), with such pro-ration based on the number of complete calendar months remaining in the Company’s fiscal year that
such individual became a non-employee director, which limit was previously approved by the Company’s stockholders.
Stockholder Approved Limitations on Annual Grants In no event will Awards granted as annual grants to any Outside Director exceed the
following limits (denominated in number of shares of Optioned Stock or, with respect to Full-Value Awards, an equivalent value determined by the
Board pursuant to Section 5(d)), which were previously approved by the Company’s stockholders:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
for each Outside Director, an Option to purchase 45,000 shares.
for the Chairperson of the Finance and Audit Committee, an Option to purchase 45,000 shares, provided that on such grant date the Outside
Director has served as Chairperson on the Finance and Audit Committee for at least one year; provided further that if such Outside Director
has served as Chairperson on the Finance and Audit Committee for less than one year from such grant date, the foregoing limit shall be a pro
rata amount of 45,000 shares based on the number of complete calendar months that such Outside Director served as Chairperson on the
Finance and Audit Committee during the one year prior to such grant date. This grant shall be in addition to the options permitted under any
other provision of Section 5(c) hereof.
for the Chairperson of the Compensation Committee, an Option to purchase 45,000 shares, provided that on such date the Outside Director has
served as Chairperson on the Compensation Committee for at least one year; provided further that if such Outside Director has served as
Chairperson on the Compensation Committee for less than one year from such grant date, the foregoing limit shall be a pro rata amount of
45,000 shares based on the number of complete calendar months that such Outside Director served as Chairperson on the Compensation
Committee during the one year prior to such grant date. This grant shall be in addition to the options permitted under any other provision of
Section 5(c) hereof.
for the Chairperson of the Nomination and Governance Committee, an Option to purchase 15,000 shares, provided that on such date the
Outside Director has served as Chairperson on the Nomination and Governance Committee for at least one year; provided further that if such
Outside Director has served as Chairperson on the Nomination and Governance Committee for less than one year from such grant date, the
foregoing limit shall be a pro rata amount of 15,000 shares based on the number of complete calendar months that such Outside Director
served as Chairperson on the Nomination and Governance Committee during the one year prior to such grant date. This grant shall be in
addition to the options permitted under any other provision of Section 5(c) hereof.
for the Vice Chairperson of the Finance and Audit Committee. an Option to purchase 30,000 shares, provided that on such date the Outside
Director has served as Vice Chairperson on the Finance and Audit Committee for at least one year; provided further that if such Outside
Director has served as Vice Chairperson on the Finance and Audit Committee for less than one year from such grant date, the foregoing limit
shall be a pro rata amount of 30,000 shares based on the number of complete
3
calendar months that such Outside Director served as Vice Chairperson on the Finance and Audit Committee during the one year prior to such
grant date. This grant shall be in addition to the options permitted under any other provision of Section 5(c) hereof.
(vi)
for the Chairperson of the Committee on Independence Issues. an Option to purchase 15,000 shares, provided that on such date the Outside
Director has served as Chairperson on the Committee on Independence Issues for at least one year; provided further that if such Outside
Director has served as Chairperson on the Committee on Independence Issues for less than one year from such grant date, the foregoing limit
shall be a pro rata amount of 15,000 shares based on the number of complete calendar months that such Outside Director served as
Chairperson on the Committee on Independence Issues during the one year prior to such grant date. This grant shall be in addition to the
options permitted under any other provision of Section 5(c) hereof.
(d) Other Stock Awards . The Board shall have the discretion to grant awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred shares or other stock-
based awards in lieu of the automatic Option grants (in whole or in part) pursuant to paragraphs (b) and (c) above. The number of Shares subject to
any such stock award granted pursuant to the foregoing sentence shall have an equivalent value, as determined on any reasonable basis by the Board,
to the number of Options that would have been granted. Any such stock award shall be subject to similar terms as would apply to options granted
under paragraphs (b) and (c) with respect to vesting or forfeiture schedules, treatment on termination of status as director, and transfer restrictions.
Subject to the foregoing limitations and provisions of the Plan, the terms and conditions of any such stock awards shall be set forth in the applicable
award agreement as determined by the Board.
(e)
Additional Limitations .
(i)
(ii)
Notwithstanding the provisions hereof, in the event that a sufficient number of Shares is not available under the Plan for the grant of Awards,
the remaining Shares shall be prorated based upon the number of Shares each Director was entitled to receive under this Plan. Any further
grants shall then be deferred until such time, if any, as additional Shares become available for grant under the Plan. Subject to the terms of
Section 13 hereof, the Board shall have the authority at any time to make additional Shares available for grant under the Plan, subject to
obtaining stockholder approval of such increase to the extent required under Section 13(a) hereof.
Notwithstanding the provisions hereof, any grant made before the Company has obtained stockholder approval of the Plan, and any grant
made after amendment of the Plan where such amendment of the Plan requires stockholder approval under Section 13(a) hereof, shall be
conditioned upon obtaining such stockholder approval.
6. Terms and Conditions of Awards.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Award Agreement. Each Option granted pursuant to this Plan shall be evidenced by an award agreement (“Award Agreement”) containing such
terms and conditions that are consistent with this Plan and as otherwise determined by the Committee.
Exercise Price . With respect to any Options granted hereunder, the exercise price per share shall be 100% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the
date of grant of the Option, subject to adjustment to the extent provided in Section 12 hereof.
Vesting . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the Shares shall vest and become exercisable at the rate of twenty-five percent (25%) of the
Shares subject to the Award on each anniversary of the date of grant.
Term . The term of each Option shall be ten (10) years from the date of grant, unless (i) a shorter period is required to comply with any applicable
law, in which case such shorter period will apply or (ii) the Committee determines that a term of less than ten years shall apply.
4
7. Eligibility . Awards hereunder may be granted only to Outside Directors. The Plan shall not confer upon any Outside Director any right with respect to
continuation of service as a Director or nomination to serve as a Director, nor shall it interfere in any way with any rights which the Director or the Company may
have to terminate his or her directorship at any time.
8. Payment Upon Exercise. Payment of the exercise price of any Award shall be made (i) by cash or check; (ii) to the extent not prohibited by the Board or by
applicable law, and provided that a public market for the Company’s stock exists, through a “same day sale” commitment from the Participant and a broker-dealer
that is a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers (an “NASD Dealer”) whereby Participant irrevocably elects to exercise the Award and to sell a
portion of the Shares so purchased to pay for the exercise price and whereby the NASD Dealer irrevocably commits upon receipt of such Shares to forward the
exercise price directly to the Company; or (iii) as otherwise determined by the Board and as permitted by applicable law or regulation.
9. Withholding Taxes . Whenever, under the Plan, Shares are to be issued pursuant to any Award granted hereunder, the Company shall have the right to require
the recipient to remit to the Company an amount of cash sufficient to satisfy any applicable federal, state or local income and employment tax withholding
requirements prior to the delivery of any certificate or certificates for such Shares.
10. Exercise of Options.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Procedure for Exercise . An Option shall be deemed to be exercised when written notice of such exercise has been given to the Company in
accordance with the terms of the Option Agreement by the person entitled to exercise the Option and full payment for the Shares has been received by
the Company in accordance with Section 8 hereof. An Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a Share.
Rights as a Stockholder. Notwithstanding the exercise of the Option, until the issuance (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of a duly
authorized transfer agent of the Company) of the stock certificate evidencing such Shares, no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a
stockholder shall exist with respect to the Optioned Stock. A stock certificate for the number of Shares so acquired shall be issued to the Optionee as
soon as practicable after exercise of the Option. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right if the record date is prior to the date the stock
certificate is issued.
Termination of Status as Director. Except as set forth in Section 10(d) or (e), if an Outside Director ceases to serve as a Director, he or she may, but
only within three (3) months (or such other period of time not exceeding six (6) months as is determined by the Board) after the date he or she ceases
to be a Director of the Company, exercise his or her Option to the extent that he or she was entitled to exercise it at the date of such termination.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Option be exercised after its term set forth in Section 6 has expired. To the extent that such
Outside Director was not entitled to exercise an Option at the date of termination, or if such Outside Director does not exercise such Option (which he
or she was entitled to exercise) within the time specified, the Option shall terminate.
Disability of Director. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10(c) above, in the event an Outside Director is unable to continue his or her service
as a Director with the Company as a result of his or her total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code), he or she may,
within six months from the date of such termination, exercise his or her Option to the extent he or she was entitled to exercise it at the date of such
termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Option be exercised after the expiration of the term set forth in Section 6. To the
extent that Optionee was not entitled to exercise the Option at the date of termination, or if Optionee does not exercise such Option (which he or she
was entitled to exercise) within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate.
(e)
Death of Optionee. In the event of the death of an Outside Director:
(i)
If the Outside Director dies during the term of the Option, is a Director at the time of his or her death and has been in Continuous Status as a
Director since the date of grant of the Option, the Option may be exercised at any time within six (6) months following the date of death by the
5
Outside Director’s estate or by a person who acquired the right to exercise the Option by bequest or inheritance, but only to the extent the
Outside Director was entitled to exercise the Option at the date of termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Option be
exercised after the expiration of the term set forth in Section 6.
(ii)
If the Outside Director dies within three (3) months after the termination of Continuous Status as a Director, the Option may be exercised at
any time within six (6) months following the date of death by the Optionee’s estate or by a person who acquired the right to exercise the
Option by bequest or inheritance, but only to the extent the Outside Director was entitled to exercise the Option at the date of termination.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Option be exercised after the expiration of the term set forth in Section 6.
11. Nontransferability of Awards. Awards granted under this Plan, and any interest therein, shall not be transferable or assignable by the Participant, and may not
be made subject to execution, attachment or similar process, otherwise than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and shall be exercisable during the
lifetime of the Participant only by the Participant; provided, however; that Awards held by a Participant may be transferred to such family members, trusts and
charitable institutions as the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall approve, unless otherwise restricted from such transfer under the terms of the Award. The
designation of a beneficiary by a Participant does not constitute a transfer.
12. Adjustment Upon Changes in Capitalization.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Adjustment of Shares. In the event that the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company is changed by a stock dividend, stock
split, reverse stock split, combination, reclassification or similar change in the capital structure of the Company without consideration, the number of
Shares available under this Plan, the number of Shares deliverable in connection with any Award and, if applicable, the exercise price per Share
thereof shall be proportionately adjusted, subject to any required action by the Board or stockholders of the Company and compliance with applicable
securities laws; provided however, that no certificate or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued and any resulting fractions of a share shall
be ignored.
Change of Control . In the event of a dissolution or liquidation of the Company, a merger in which the Company is not the surviving corporation
(other than a merger with a wholly owned subsidiary or where there is no substantial change in the stockholders of the Company and the obligations of
the Company under this Plan are assumed by the successor corporation), the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any other
transaction described under Section 424(a) of the Code wherein the stockholders of the Company give up all of their equity interest in the Company
(except for the acquisition of all or substantially all of the outstanding shares of the Company), all outstanding Awards, notwithstanding any contrary
terms of the Plan, shall accelerate and become vested and exercisable in full prior to and shall expire on the consummation of such dissolution,
liquidation, merger or sale of assets.
Acceleration Upon Unfriendly Takeover . Notwithstanding anything in Section 12(b) hereof to the contrary, if fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding voting securities of the Company become beneficially owned (as defined in Rule 13d-3 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange
Commission) by a person (as defined in Section 2(2) of the Securities Act and in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) in a transaction or series of
transactions expressly disapproved by the Board, then all outstanding Awards under this Plan shall become immediately vested and exercisable with
no further act or action required by the Committee.
13. Amendment and Termination of the Plan.
(a)
Amendment. The Board or the Committee may amend the Plan from time to time in such respects as the
6
Board or the Committee, as the case may be, may deem advisable; provided that, to the extent necessary to comply with any applicable law or
regulation, the Company shall obtain approval of the Company’s stockholders to amend the Plan to the extent and in the manner required by such law
or regulation.
(b)
Termination or Suspension. Unless sooner terminated pursuant to this Section 13, the Plan shall terminate on the date that all shares of Common
Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan have been issued. The Committee, without further approval of the stockholders, may at any time terminate
or suspend the Plan. Except as otherwise provided herein, any such termination or suspension of the Plan shall not affect Awards already granted
hereunder and such Awards shall remain in full force and effect as if the Plan had not been terminated or suspended.
(c) Outstanding Awards. Except as otherwise provided herein, rights and obligations under any outstanding Award shall not be altered or impaired by
amendment, suspension or termination of the Plan, except with the consent of the person to whom the Award was granted. The Committee shall have
the authority to modify, extend or renew outstanding Awards and to authorize the grant of new Awards in substitution therefor; provided
that the
Committee shall not, without the approval of the Company’s stockholders, directly or indirectly reduce the exercise price of any outstanding Award.
14. Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares. Shares shall not be issued pursuant to any Award hereunder unless the issuance and delivery of such Shares shall
comply with all relevant provisions of law, including, without limitation, the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder,
state securities laws, and the requirements of any stock exchange upon which the Shares may then be listed, and shall be further subject to the approval of counsel
for the Company with respect to such compliance.
As a condition to the issuance of Shares pursuant to any Award, the Company may require the Participant to represent and warrant that the Shares are being
acquired only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares, if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation
is required by any of the relevant provisions of the law.
Inability of the Company to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdictional authority deemed by the Company’s counsel to be necessary for the
lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder shall relieve the Company of any liability for failure to issue or sell such Shares.
15. Reservation of Shares. The Company, during the term of this Plan, will at all times reserve and keep available such number of Shares as shall be sufficient to
satisfy the requirements of the Plan.
16. Rule 16b-3. The grant of Awards hereunder to persons subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall comply with the applicable provisions of Rule 16b-3.
The Company intends this Plan to be a “formula plan” under Rule 16b-3 with respect to Awards granted hereunder.
7
ORACLE CORPORATION
CONOSOLIDATED RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
(Unaudited)
Exhibit 12.01
(Dollars in millions)
Earnings
(1)
Income before provision for income taxes
Add: Noncontrolling interests
Add: Fixed charges
Total earnings
Fixed Charges
(2)
Interest expense
Estimate of interest in rent expense
Total fixed charges
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
2016
2015
Year Ended May 31,
2014
2013
2012
$11,442 $12,834 $13,704 $13,898 $12,962
119
827
$13,064 $14,137 $14,770 $14,860 $13,908
113
1,190
116
1,506
98
968
112
850
$ 1,467 $ 1,143 $
39
47
$ 1,506 $ 1,190 $
9x
12x
914 $
54
968 $
15x
797 $
53
850 $
17x
766
61
827
17x
(1)
(2)
The term “earnings” means the amounts resulting from the following: (a) our income before provision for income taxes, plus (b) the noncontrolling interests
in the net income of our majority owned subsidiaries, plus (c) our fixed charges.
The term “fixed charges” means the amounts resulting from the following: (a) our interest expensed, plus (b) our estimate of the interest component of rent
expense.
We do not report any shares of preferred stock outstanding in our consolidated financial statements because our outstanding preferred stock is owned by one or
more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Our ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends for any given period is equivalent to our ratio of
earnings to fixed charges.
ORACLE CORPORATION
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Exhibit 21.01
Name of Subsidiary
Oracle International Corporation
Oracle Global Holdings, Inc.
Oracle America, Inc.
Oracle Technology Company
OCAPAC Holding Company
OCAPAC Research Partner
OCAPAC Distributor Partner
OCAPAC Hardware Partner
Place of Incorporation
California
Delaware
Delaware
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(1)
(2)
Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-210282) of Oracle Corporation, and
Registration Statements (Form S-8 Nos. 333-210287, 333-208632, 333-207038, 333-202870, 333-199617, 333-195502, 333-194705, 333-193006,
333-187924, 333-186971, 333-184062, 333-181023, 333-179586, 333-179132, 333-176986, 333-171939, 333-169089, 333-164734, 333-163147, 333-
157758, 333-153660, 333-151045, 333-147400, 333-145162, 333-142776, 333-142225, 333-139901, 333-139875, 333-138694, 333-136275, 333-
131988, 333-131427) pertaining to equity incentive plans;
of our reports dated June 22, 2016, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Oracle Corporation and the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting of Oracle Corporation included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Oracle Corporation for the year ended May 31, 2016.
Exhibit 23.01
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
San Jose, California
June 22, 2016
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO
EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 31.01
I, Mark V. Hurd, certify that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Oracle Corporation;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant
and have:
a)
b)
c)
d)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure
that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of
the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the Finance and Audit Committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
b)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely
to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over
financial reporting.
Date: June 22, 2016
By: /s/ M ARK V. H URD
Mark V. Hurd
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE AND FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO
EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 31.02
I, Safra A. Catz, certify that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Oracle Corporation;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant
and have:
a)
b)
c)
d)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure
that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of
the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the Finance and Audit Committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
b)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely
to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over
financial reporting.
Date: June 22, 2016
By: /s/ S AFRA A. C ATZ
Safra A. Catz
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive and Financial Officer)
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND
PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.01
The certification set forth below is being submitted in connection with the report on Form 10-K of Oracle Corporation for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-
14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
Safra A. Catz, the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) of Oracle Corporation, and Mark V. Hurd, the Chief
Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of Oracle Corporation, each certifies that, to the best of his or her knowledge:
1.
2.
the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Oracle Corporation.
Date: June 22, 2016
Date: June 22, 2016
By: /s/ S AFRA A. C ATZ
Safra A. Catz
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive and Financial Officer)
By: /s/ M ARK V. H URD
Mark V. Hurd
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
The foregoing certification is being furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. It is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, and it is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Oracle Corporation, regardless of any general incorporation language in such
filing.