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Ovintiv

ovv · TSX Energy
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Sector Energy
Industry Oil & Gas Exploration & Production
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2019 Annual Report · Ovintiv
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2019 
Annual 
Report

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We Are Ovintiv TM

Our name reflects who we are and  
where we are going. 

Ovintiv stands for a commitment to deliver 

unmatched value through continuous 

innovation.  

Our logo symbolizes the human connection 

made possible by the safe, reliable and 

affordable energy we produce. 

We have transformed our Company.  

Sustainable business model.

Innovative and technology-driven.

Agile and adaptive.

Socially responsible.

Capital discipline. 

Culture of excellence. 

Making modern life possible for all.  

We are proud of what we do. From the 

clothes we wear to the technologies we 

use, our lives today would not be possible 

without the oil and natural gas we work 

so hard to produce. We will continue to 

pioneer innovative ways to improve our 

operational, financial and environmental 

efficiencies—making energy safer, reliable 

and affordable for all. 

ABBREVIATIONS

bbls  

barrels

bbls/d  

barrels per day

BOE  

barrels of oil equivalent

BOE/d  

barrels of oil equivalent per day

Bcf  

billion cubic feet

Bcf/d  

billion cubic feet per day

Mbbls  

thousand barrels

Mbbls/d  

thousand barrels per day

MBOE  

thousand barrels of oil equivalent

MBOE/d  

thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day

MMbbls   million barrels

MMbbls/d   million barrels per day

Mcf  

thousand cubic feet

Mcf/d  

thousand cubic feet per day

MM  

million

MMBOE   million barrels of oil equivalent

MMBOE/d   million barrels of oil equivalent per day

MMBtu   million British thermal units

MMcf  

million cubic feet

MMcf/d   million cubic feet per day

NGLs  

natural gas liquids

/d  

per day

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Fellow Shareholders:

F E B R U A R Y   2 1 ,   2 0 2 0

2019  was  an  incredible  year  for  our  Company.  We  delivered  or  beat  every  one  of 
our  key  objectives  including  the  integration  of  Newfield  Exploration  Company  into 
our  business.  Our  Company  performed  exceptionally  well,  both  financially  and 
operationally, and we enter 2020 with great momentum.

Doug Suttles 

Chief Executive Officer

For  the  second year  in a  row,  we generated signifi-
cant  free  cash  flow  and  growth.  We  are  one  of  the 
largest producers of crude oil and condensate from 
our  top-tier,  multi-basin  portfolio,  and  we  have  a 
deep inventory of high-return future locations. Over 
the  past  two  years,  we  have  returned  $1.7  billion 
to  our  stockholders  through  share  buybacks  and 
dividends.  Our  disciplined  capital  investments  and 
culture of innovation continue to generate free cash 
flow,  crude  oil  and  condensate  growth,  efficiency 
gains  and  margin  expansion  while  maintaining  a 

strong balance sheet and a commitment to sustain-
ability. We believe these attributes will ultimately be 
rewarded by investors.

In early 2020, 90% of votes cast by our stockholders 
were in favor of the resolution to move our corporate 
domicile to the United States from Canada and rebrand 
our  Company  to  “Ovintiv.”  Our  new  identity  is  a  bold 
expression  of  who  we  are  today  and  where  we  are 
going.  Our  name  is  unique,  and  we  like  the  fact  that 
it’s a conversation starter in an industry at the cusp of 
transformation. We have a great story to tell.

2 0 1 9   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

1

O V I N T I V   I N C .

 
Met or Exceeded Key 2019 Objectives

•  Achieved  our  sixth  consecutive  “safest  year  ever,” 
and  issued  our  sustainability  report  demonstrating 
our  ongoing  commitment  to  key  environmental, 
social and governance issues.

•  Rapidly integrated Newfield into our business while 
achieving $200 million in annualized operating and 
administrative  cost  synergies  and  nearly  $2  million 
per well of cost reductions—significantly above the 
targets we set at the outset.

•  Generated  net  earnings  of  $234  million  and  cash 
from  operating  activities  and  non-GAAP  cash  flow 
of nearly $3 billion. Delivered free cash flow of $476 
million,  excluding  $171  million  of  acquisition  and 
restructuring costs.

•  Exceeded our liquids production guidance—with our 
Permian,  Anadarko  and  Montney  assets  growing  a 
combined 18% on a proforma1 basis. 

•  Delivered  proforma  capital  investments  of  $2.8 

billion at the mid-point of original guidance.

•  Added  proved  reserves  at  more  than  two  times 
annual  production  and  ended  the  year  with  SEC 
proved  reserves  of  2.2  billion  barrels  of  oil  equiva-
lent, of which 60% are liquids.

•  Repurchased 13% of shares outstanding through our 
buyback program and increased our dividend by 25%.  

•  Returned more than $1.35 billion to stockholders in 2019 
and approximately $1.7 billion over the last two years.

large,  multi-basin  portfolio 

Our 
is  a  competitive 
advantage.  Our  capital  investments  are  focused  on 
high-return  opportunities  in  North  America’s  top 
liquids-rich basins and we are a proven top operator in 
every basin where we operate.

Our 2020 plan is expected to continue to generate both 
significant free cash flow and crude oil and condensate 
growth. We are confident our top-tier assets, operational 
excellence,  disciplined  capital  allocation  and  market 
fundamentals will deliver significant value creation.

•  Third consecutive year of significant free cash flow, 

which is earmarked for the balance sheet.

•  4% year-over-year growth in crude oil and conden-

sate production.

•  Capital investments of $2.7 billion; $175 million less 
than 2019 proforma capital investments, including 
the expiration of third-party capital of $75 million in 
the Montney.

•  Management  of  commodity  price  risk  by  hedging 
more than 70% of our 2020 crude oil and conden-
sate and natural gas production at attractive prices.

Our strong results are the product of a great team and 
a  great  set  of  assets.  We  have  a  culture  of  discipline, 
innovation and teamwork that drives our performance. 
We are aligned with our stockholders and understand 
the  value  drivers  that  will  differentiate  us  in  both  our 
peer group and the broader market. 

Thank you for your investment in Ovintiv.

Doug Suttles
Chief Executive Officer

Ovintiv Inc. 

1Proforma includes legacy Newfield upstream capital investments and production volumes from January 1 to February 13, 2019. This applies to all proforma references.

2 0 1 9   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

2

O V I N T I V   I N C .

Newfield Integration Highlights• Acquired in February 2019 and added more than 385,000 net acres in the STACK and SCOOP.• Added a third large-scale, liquids-weighted, core growth asset to the portfolio.• Reduced well costs by nearly $2 million in our first year and made our Anadarko returns competitive in both our portfolio and the industry.• Rapidly captured $200 million in annualized operating and administrative cost synergies, surpassing our original target by 60%.  Form 10-K

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-K 

☒☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 

OF 1934 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 
or 

☐☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 

ACT OF 1934 

Commission file number 001-39191 

Ovintiv Inc. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware 
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)    

84-4427672 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 

Suite 1700, 370 17th Street, Denver, Colorado, 80202, U.S.A. 
(Address of principal executive offices) 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (303) 623-2300 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each  
class 
Common Shares 

Trading Symbol 
OVV 

Name of each exchange 
on which registered 
New York Stock Exchange  

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  
Yes ☒ No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the 
Act.  

Yes ☐ No ☒ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant 
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  

Yes ☒ No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be 
submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for 
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). 

Yes ☒ No ☐ 

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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this 
chapter)  is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy 
or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 
10-K. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, 
a  smaller  reporting  company,  or  an  emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  “large  accelerated  filer,” 
“accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange 
Act.  

Large accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer 

☒   
☐   

Accelerated filer 
Smaller reporting company 
Emerging growth company 

☐ 
☐ 
☐ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended 
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 
13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):  

Yes ☐ No ☒  

Aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-
affiliates of registrant as of June 28, 2019 
Number of registrant’s shares of common stock outstanding as of February 19, 2020, at 
$0.01 par value 

$ 

  6,907,265,769    

  259,821,141    

Documents Incorporated by Reference 

Portions of registrant’s definitive proxy statement (“Proxy Statement”) for the registrant’s 2020 annual meeting of 
stockholders  to  be  held  April  29,  2020  (to  be  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  prior  to 
April 29, 2020) are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

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OVINTIV INC. 
FORM 10-K 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PART I 

Items 1 and 2. Business and Properties 
Item 1A. Risk Factors 
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 
Item 3.    Legal Proceedings 
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures 

PART II 

Item 5.    Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 

Equity Securities 

Item 6.    Selected Financial Data 
Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 
Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 
Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 
Item 9B. Other Information 

PART III 

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 
Item 11.  Executive Compensation 
Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder 

Matters 

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 
Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services 

Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 
Signatures 

PART IV 

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      143    
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      144    
      151    

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DEFINITIONS 

Unless the context otherwise requires or otherwise expressly stated, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-
K to “Ovintiv,” the “Company,” “us,” “we,” “our” and “ours,” (i) for periods until the Reorganization (as hereinafter 
defined), refer to Encana Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) for periods after the Reorganization, 
refer to Ovintiv Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. In addition, the following are other abbreviations and definitions 
of certain terms used within this Annual Report on Form 10-K: 

“AECO” means Alberta Energy Company and is the Canadian benchmark price for natural gas. 

“ASC” means Accounting Standards Codification.  
“ASU” means Accounting Standards Update. 
“bbl” or “bbls” means barrel or barrels. 
“bbls/d” means barrels per day. 
“Bcf” means billion cubic feet. 
“Bcf/d” means billion cubic feet per day. 
“BOE” means barrels of oil equivalent.  
“BOE/d” means barrels of oil equivalent per day. 
“Btu” means British thermal units, a measure of heating value. 
“DD&A” means depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses. 
“FASB” means Financial Accounting Standards Board. 
“LIBOR” means London Interbank Offered Rate. 
“Mbbls” means thousand barrels. 

“Mbbls/d” means thousand barrels per day. 

“MBOE” means thousand barrels of oil equivalent. 
“MBOE/d” means thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day. 
“Mcf” means thousand cubic feet. 

“Mcf/d” means thousand cubic feet per day. 
“MD&A” means Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 
“MMbbls” means million barrels. 
“MMbbls/d” means million barrels per day. 
“MMBOE” means million barrels of oil equivalent. 
“MMBOE/d” means million barrels of oil equivalent per day. 
“MMBtu” means million Btu. 
“MMcf” means million cubic feet. 

“MMcf/d” means million cubic feet per day. 

“NCIB” means normal course issuer bid. 
“NGL” or “NGLs” means natural gas liquids. 
“NYMEX” means New York Mercantile Exchange. 
“NYSE” means New York Stock Exchange. 
“OPEC” means Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 

“SCOOP” means South Central Oklahoma Oil Province. 

“SEC” means United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 

“STACK” means Sooner Trend, Anadarko basin, Canadian and Kingfisher counties 
“Standardized measure” means the present value of after-tax future net revenues discounted at 10% per annum. 

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“S&P 500” means Standard and Poor’s 500 index. 

“S&P/TSX Composite Index” means Standard and Poor’s index for Canadian equity markets. 
“TSX” means Toronto Stock Exchange. 
“U.S.” or “United States” or “USA” means United States of America. 
“U.S. GAAP” means U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. 
“WTI” means West Texas Intermediate. 

CONVERSIONS 

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, a conversion of natural gas volumes to BOE is on the basis of six Mcf to one 
bbl.  BOE is based on a generic energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does 
not represent economic value equivalency at the wellhead. Given that the value ratio based on the current price of oil 
as compared to natural gas is significantly different from the energy equivalency of 6:1, utilizing a conversion on a 
6:1 basis may be misleading as an indication of value, particularly if used in isolation. 

CONVENTIONS 

Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars, all references to “dollars”, “$” or “US$” 
are to U.S. dollars and all references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars. All amounts are provided on a before tax basis, 
unless otherwise stated. In addition, all information provided herein is presented on an after royalties basis. 

The term “liquids” is used to represent oil, NGLs and condensate. The term “liquids rich” is used to represent natural 
gas  streams  with  associated  liquids  volumes.  The  term  “play”  is  used  to  describe  an  area  in  which  hydrocarbon 
accumulations  or  prospects  of  a  given  type  occur. The  Company’s  focus  of  development  is  on  hydrocarbon 
accumulations  known  to  exist  over  a  large  areal  expanse  and/or  thick  vertical  section  and  are  developed  using 
hydraulic fracturing. This type of development typically has a lower geological and/or commercial development risk 
and lower average decline rate, when compared to conventional development. 

The term “core asset” refers to plays that are the focus of the Company’s current capital investment and development 
plan. The Company continually reviews funding for development of its plays based on strategic fit, profitability and 
portfolio diversity and, as such, the composition of plays identified as a core asset may change over time. 

References to information contained on the Company’s website at www.ovintiv.com are not incorporated by reference 
into, and does not constitute a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISK 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and documents incorporated herein by reference contain certain forward-looking 
statements or information (collectively, “forward-looking statements”) within the  meaning of applicable securities 
legislation, including the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements 
include: composition of the Company’s core assets, including the allocation of capital and focus of development plans; 
growth in long-term shareholder value; vision of being a leading North American resource play company; statements 
with respect to the Company’s strategic objectives including capital allocation strategy, focus of investment, focus of 
returning capital to shareholders through sustainable dividends, growth of high margin liquids volumes, operating and 
capital efficiencies and ability to preserve balance sheet strength; statements regarding the benefits of the Company’s 
multi-basin  portfolio  of  assets;  ability  to  leverage  technology  to  reduce  development  risks,  enhance  capital  and 
operating efficiencies and sustainably enhance margins while minimizing the Company’s environmental footprint; 
ability  to  lower  costs  and  improve  efficiencies  to  achieve  competitive  advantage,  including  benefits  of  integrated 
supply chain model and self-sourcing; ability to repeat and deploy successful practices across the Company’s multi-
basin  portfolio;  balancing  commodity  portfolio;  anticipated  commodity  prices;  success  of  and  benefits  from 
technology and innovation, including cube development approach, precision well targeting and advanced completion 
designs; reduced dependence on fresh water requirements and anticipated water infrastructure; ability to accelerate 
activity levels; ability to optimize well and completion designs, including changes to lateral lengths drilled, stage, well 
spacing and stacking optimization; future well inventory; anticipated drilling, number of drilling rigs and the success 

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thereof; anticipated drilling costs and cycle times; anticipated proceeds and future benefits from various joint venture, 
partnership and other agreements; expected timing for construction of facilities and costs thereof; expansion of future 
midstream services; estimates of reserves and resources; expected production and product types; ability to replicate 
successful test wells to future production; statements regarding anticipated cash flow, non-GAAP cash flow margin 
and leverage ratios; anticipated cash and cash equivalents;  anticipated hedging and outcomes of risk management 
program, including ability to leverage marketing fundamentals expertise, exposure to certain commodity prices and 
foreign exchange, amount of hedged production, market access and physical sales locations; impact of changes in 
laws and regulations, including recent U.S. tax reform and potential changes to free trade agreements; compliance 
with environmental legislation and claims related to the purported causes and impact of climate change, and the costs 
therefrom; adequacy of provisions for abandonment and site reclamation costs; financial flexibility and discipline; 
access to cash and cash equivalents and other methods of funding; ability to meet financial obligations, manage debt 
and financial ratios, finance growth and compliance with financial covenants; impact to the Company as a result of 
changes to its credit rating; access to the Company's credit facilities; planned annualized dividend and the declaration 
and  payment  of  future  dividends,  if  any;  statements  regarding  the  Company’s  financial  flexibility  and  access  to 
liquidity  through  commodity  cycles;  managing  capital  structure  including  adjustments  to  capital  spending  or 
dividends, issuing debt or equity, or repaying existing debt; adequacy of the Company's provision for taxes and legal 
claims; projections and expectation of meeting the targets contained in the Company's corporate guidance; ability to 
manage cost inflation and expected cost structures, including expected operating, transportation and processing and 
administrative  expenses;  competitiveness  and  pace  of growth  of  the  Company’s  assets  within  North  America  and 
against its peers; outlook of oil and gas industry generally and impact of geopolitical environment; returns from the 
Company’s core assets; anticipated capital spending plans and source of funding thereof; anticipated staffing levels; 
expected  future  interest  expense;  the  Company’s  commitments  and  obligations  and  ability  to  satisfy  the  same; 
statements  with  respect  to  future  ceiling  test  impairments;  and  the  possible  impact  and  timing  of  accounting 
pronouncements, rule changes and standards. 

Readers are cautioned against unduly relying on forward-looking statements which, by their nature, involve numerous 
assumptions, risks and uncertainties that may cause such statements not to occur, or results to differ materially from 
those expressed or implied. These assumptions include: future commodity prices and differentials; foreign exchange 
rates;  ability  to  access  credit  facilities  and  shelf  prospectuses;  assumptions  contained  in the  Company’s  corporate 
guidance  and  as  specified  herein;  data  contained  in  key  modeling  statistics;  availability  of  attractive  hedges  and 
enforceability of risk management program; effectiveness of the Company's drive to productivity and efficiencies; 
results from innovations; expectation that counterparties will fulfill their obligations under the gathering, midstream 
and marketing agreements; access to transportation and processing facilities where the Company operates; assumed 
tax, royalty and regulatory regimes; and expectations and projections made in light of, and generally consistent with, 
the  Company's  historical  experience  and  its  perception  of  historical  trends,  including  with  respect  to  the  pace  of 
technological development, benefits achieved and general industry expectations. 

Risks  and  uncertainties  that  may  affect  these  outcomes  include:  ability  to  generate  sufficient  cash  flow  to  meet 
obligations; commodity price volatility; ability to secure adequate transportation and potential pipeline curtailments; 
variability and discretion of the Company's board of directors (the “Board of Directors”) to declare and pay dividends, 
if any; timing and costs of well, facilities and pipeline construction; business interruption, property and casualty losses 
or unexpected technical difficulties, including impact of weather; counterparty and credit risk; ability to realize the 
anticipated benefits of acquisitions; ability to achieve the benefits of the Reorganization; actions of OPEC, its members 
and other state-controlled oil companies relating to oil price and production controls; sustained declines in commodity 
prices resulting in impairment of assets; impact of a downgrade in credit rating and its impact on access to sources of 
liquidity;  fluctuations  in  currency  and  interest  rates;  risks  associated  with  inflation  rates;  risks  inherent  in  the 
Company's  corporate  guidance;  failure  to  achieve  cost  and  efficiency  initiatives;  risks  inherent  in  marketing 
operations; risks associated with technology, including electronic, cyber and physical security breaches; changes in or 
interpretation  of  royalty,  tax,  environmental,  greenhouse  gas,  carbon,  accounting  and  other  laws  or  regulations, 
including  potential  environmental  liabilities  that  are  not  covered  by  an  effective  indemnity  or  insurance;  risks 
associated with existing and potential lawsuits and regulatory actions made against the Company; impact of disputes 
arising with its partners, including suspension of certain obligations and inability to dispose of assets or interests in 
certain arrangements; the Company's ability to acquire or find additional reserves; imprecision of reserves estimates 
and estimates of recoverable quantities, including future net revenue estimates; land, legal, regulatory and ownership 
complexities  inherent  in  Canada,  the  U.S.  and  other  applicable  jurisdictions;  risks  associated  with  past  and  future 
acquisitions  or  divestitures  of  certain  assets  or  other  transactions  or  receipt  of  amounts  contemplated  under  the 
transaction  agreements  (such  transactions  may  include  third-party  capital  investments,  farm-outs  or  partnerships, 

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which the Company may refer to from time to time as “partnerships” or “joint ventures” and the funds received in 
respect thereof which the Company may refer to from time to time as “proceeds”, “deferred purchase price” and/or 
“carry capital”, regardless of the legal form) as a result of various conditions not being met; and other risks described 
in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and risks and uncertainties impacting the Company's 
business as described from time to time in the Company's other periodic filings with the SEC incorporated by reference 
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Although  the  Company  believes  the  expectations  represented  by  such  forward-looking  statements  are  reasonable, 
there can be no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Readers are cautioned that the assumptions, 
risks and uncertainties referenced above and in the documents incorporated by reference herein are not exhaustive. 
Forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this document (or, in the case of a document incorporated by 
reference,  the  date  of  such  document  incorporated  by  reference)  and,  except  as  required  by  law,  the  Company 
undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements 
contained or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are expressly qualified by these cautionary 
statements. 

The reader should read carefully the risk factors described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 
10-K and the documents incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of certain 
risks that could, among other things, cause actual results to differ from these forward-looking statements. 

EXPLANATORY NOTE 

Pursuant to Rule 12g-3(a) under the Exchange Act, Ovintiv is the successor issuer to Encana, Ovintiv’s common stock 
is deemed to be registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and Ovintiv is subject to the periodic and current 
reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Therefore, financial 
information and results of operations presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate to Ovintiv Inc. Refer to 
Items 1 and 2. Business and Properties under Part 1 for further information on this Form 10-K. 

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Items 1 and 2. Business and Properties  

GENERAL  

PART I 

On January 24, 2020, Encana Corporation (“Encana”) completed a corporate reorganization (the “Reorganization”), 
which included (i) a plan of arrangement under the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “CBCA”), pursuant to 
which, among other things, Encana completed a share consolidation on the basis of one post-consolidation share for 
each five pre-consolidation shares (the “Share Consolidation”) and Ovintiv ultimately acquired all of the issued and 
outstanding common shares of Encana in exchange for shares of Ovintiv on a one-for-one basis and became the parent 
company  of  Encana  and  its  subsidiaries  (collectively,  the  “Arrangement”)  and  (ii)  following  completion  of  the 
Arrangement,  Ovintiv  migrated  out  of  Canada  and  became  a  Delaware  corporation  (the  “U.S.  Domestication”). 
Ovintiv and its subsidiaries continue to carry on the business previously conducted by Encana and its subsidiaries 
prior to the completion of the Reorganization.  

Prior to the completion of the Reorganization, Encana was incorporated under the CBCA, having been formed in 2002 
through the business combination of two predecessor companies.  

Ovintiv is a leading North American resource play company that is focused on developing its multi-basin portfolio of 
top  tier  oil  and  natural  gas  assets  located  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Ovintiv's  operations  also  include  the 
marketing of oil, NGLs and natural gas. As at December 31, 2019, all of the Company’s reserves and production were 
located in North America.  

Ovintiv’s principal office is located at 370 – 17th Street, Suite 1700, Denver, Colorado 80202, U.S.A. Ovintiv’s shares 
of common stock are listed and posted for trading on the NYSE and the TSX under the symbol “OVV”.   

Available Information  

Ovintiv is subject to the informational requirements of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended 
(the  “Exchange  Act”)  and,  in  accordance  with  the  Exchange  Act,  it  also  files  reports  with  and  furnishes  other 
information to the SEC. The public may  obtain any document Ovintiv files with or furnishes to the SEC from the 
SEC's  Electronic  Document  Gathering,  Analysis,  and  Retrieval  system  (“EDGAR”),  which  can  be  accessed  at 
www.sec.gov, or via the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”), which can be accessed 
at www.sedar.com, as well as from commercial document retrieval services. 

Copies of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on 
request without charge from Ovintiv’s Corporate Secretary, 370 – 17th Street, Suite 1700, Denver, Colorado 80202, 
U.S.A., telephone: (303) 623-2300. Ovintiv also provides access without charge to all of the Company’s SEC filings, 
including copies of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated herein by reference, current 
reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the 
Exchange  Act,  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after  filing  or  furnishing,  on  Ovintiv’s  website  located  at 
www.ovintiv.com.  

STRATEGY  

Ovintiv’s vision is to be a leading North American resource play company that is committed to growing long-term 
stockholder value through a disciplined focus on generating profitable liquids growth as well as generating cash flows 
in excess of capital expenditures. Objectives that support the execution of the Company’s strategy include: 

•  Balance sheet strength  
•  Focused investment in high margin liquids plays to drive cash flow, free cash flow and returns  from a multi-

basin portfolio 

•  Disciplined capital allocation  
•  Maximizing profitability through operational and capital efficiencies 
•  Focused on returning capital to stockholders through sustainable dividends  

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The  following  strengths  enable  Ovintiv  to  achieve  the  Company’s  strategy  of  creating  stockholder  value  and 
generating free cash flow: 

•  Liquids rich resource base in North America’s leading resource plays – The Company holds a multi-basin 
portfolio of prolific oil and liquids rich plays in North America, including: the Permian in Texas, the Anadarko 
in Oklahoma and the Montney in British Columbia and Alberta.  Ovintiv’s multi-basin portfolio provides both 
optionality  and  risk  management  attributes  due  to  the  diversity  of  the  Company’s  resource  plays  and  their 
geographic locations. Production for the year ended December 31, 2019 was approximately  53 percent oil and 
NGLs  and  47  percent  natural  gas.  As  of  December  31,  2019,  the  Company’s  estimated  net  proved  reserves 
comprised approximately 33 percent oil, 27 percent natural gas liquids and 40 percent natural gas.  

•  A deep inventory of short-cycle opportunities and disciplined capital allocation strategy – The Company has 
a deep inventory of high-quality, liquids-rich opportunities which underpin the Company’s sustainable business 
model. Each of the Company’s assets has a defined role, ranging from near-term liquids growth, optimized cash 
flow generation from base assets, or future growth potential. Ovintiv’s quick-cycle resource plays allow for capital 
programs  to  be  right-sized  to  the  macro  commodity-price  and  service  cost  environment.  Ovintiv’s  capital 
investment strategy focuses on quality growth from a limited number of core, high-margin liquids and scalable 
projects. 

•  Enhancing returns through leveraging technology and efficiency – The Company is a leader in innovative 
horizontal drilling and completions methods that leverage advanced technology. Successful operating practices 
are  quickly  deployed  across  the  Company’s  multi-basin  portfolio,  as  appropriate,  to  achieve  competitive 
advantage. Technology and innovation enable Ovintiv to reduce development risks, enhance capital and operating 
efficiencies, and sustainably enhance margins and returns while minimizing its environmental footprint.  

•  Access to ample liquidity – The Company has access to ample liquidity to allow the business to be managed 
through  the  inevitable  commodity  cycles.  We  have  financial  flexibility  and  the  Company’s  annual  capital 
programs can be quickly adapted to reflect changes in commodity markets and cash flows. Ovintiv also leverages 
its market fundamentals expertise by actively monitoring and managing market volatility and diversifying price 
and market access risks to enhance the Company’s margins. 

•  Retention of experienced and proven management team and key personnel – The Company has cultivated a 
culture of innovation and entrepreneurial spirit that allows for continual improvement of the Company’s practices 
across its multi-basin portfolio. Management and key personnel have extensive experience in the core plays as 
well as executing on multi-rig horizontal development drilling programs. Ovintiv also ensures management and 
personnel interests are aligned with those of the Company’s shareholders. 

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REPORTING SEGMENTS  

Ovintiv’s operations are focused on the finding and development of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves. The Company 
is also focused on creating and capturing additional value through its market optimization segment. The Company 
conducts a substantial portion of its business through subsidiaries. Ovintiv’s operating and reportable segments are: 
(i) USA Operations; (ii) Canadian Operations; (iii) China Operations; and (iv) Market Optimization.  

•  USA Operations includes the exploration for, development of, and production of oil, NGLs, natural gas and 
other  related  activities  within  the  U.S.  Core  assets  that  are  part  of  Ovintiv’s  strategic  development  focus 
include:  Permian  in  west  Texas  and  Anadarko  in  west-central  Oklahoma.  Other  Upstream  Operations 
comprise assets that are not part of Ovintiv’s current strategic focus and primarily include: Eagle Ford in south 
Texas, Bakken in North Dakota and Uinta in central Utah. 

•  Canadian Operations includes the exploration for, development of, and production of oil, NGLs, natural gas 
and other related activities within Canada. Core assets that are part of Ovintiv’s strategic development focus 
include Montney in northeast British Columbia and northwest Alberta. Other Upstream Operations comprise 
assets that are not part of Ovintiv’s current strategic focus and primarily include: Duvernay in west central 
Alberta, Wheatland in southern Alberta, Horn River in northeast British Columbia and Deep Panuke located 
offshore Nova Scotia.  

•  China  Operations  includes  the  exploration  for,  development  of,  and  production  of  oil  and  other  related 
activities  within  China.  The  Company  terminated  its  production  sharing  contract  with  the  China  National 
Offshore Oil Corporation (“CNOOC”) and exited its China Operations effective July 31, 2019. The Company 
no longer has operations in China. Results from China operations during February 14, 2019 to July 31, 2019 
were not material to the Company. 

•  Market Optimization activities are managed by the Midstream, Marketing & Fundamentals team, which is 
primarily  responsible  for  the  sale  of  the  Company’s  proprietary  production  to  third  party  customers  and 
enhancing the associated netback price. Market Optimization activities also include third party purchases and 
sales of product to provide operational flexibility and cost mitigation for transportation commitments, product 
type, delivery points and customer diversification.  

For  additional  information  regarding  the  reporting  segments,  see  Note  2  of  the  audited  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

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OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES AND ACTIVITIES  

The following map reflects the location of Ovintiv’s North American landholdings and assets.  

The  term “core asset”  refers to plays that are the primary focus of Ovintiv’s capital investment and development, 
providing a competitive return profile and free cash flows. Other Upstream Operations comprise base assets that are 
not  part  of  Ovintiv’s  current  strategic  focus  and  therefore  receive  limited  capital  that  is  directed  to  high  margin 
locations that generate cash flows and returns. 

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USA Operations 

Overview:  In  2019,  the  USA  Operations  had  total  capital investment  of  approximately $2,134  million  and  drilled 
approximately  236  net  wells  predominately  in  Permian,  Anadarko,  Eagle  Ford  and  Bakken.  Production  averaged 
approximately 162.3 Mbbls/d of oil, approximately 78.4 Mbbls/d of NGLs and approximately 547 MMcf/d of natural 
gas. At December 31, 2019, the USA Operations had an established land position of approximately 1.1 million net 
acres  including  approximately  207,000  net  undeveloped  acres.  In  addition,  the  USA  Operations  accounted  for  71 
percent of production revenues, excluding the impacts of hedging, during 2019 and 70 percent of total proved reserves 
as at December 31, 2019. 

With  the  acquisition  of  Newfield  Exploration  Company  (“Newfield”)  on  February  13,  2019  (the  “Newfield 
acquisition”),  the  Company  acquired  new  properties  in  the  following  plays:  Anadarko  and  Arkoma  in  Oklahoma, 
Bakken in North Dakota and Uinta in Utah, as well as offshore oil assets located in China. 

Upon  completion  of  the  Newfield  acquisition,  certain  plays  were  re-organized  to  align  to  the  Company’s  current 
strategic  development  focus.  As  a  result,  Eagle  Ford  is  presented  in  Other  Upstream  Operations.  Accordingly, 
comparative information has been reorganized. 

During 2019, the Company divested of approximately 140,000 net acres in Arkoma for proceeds of $155 million, after 
closing adjustments.  

The following tables summarize the USA Operations landholdings, producing wells and daily production as at and 
for the periods indicated.  

Landholdings (1) 

Developed 
Acreage 

Undeveloped 
Acreage 

Total 
Acreage 

(thousands of acres at December 31, 2019) 
Permian 
Anadarko 
Other Upstream Operations  
    Eagle Ford 
    Bakken 
    Uinta 
    Other (2) 
Total USA Operations 

Gross 
100 
595 

44 
99 
240 
221 
1,299 

Net 
92 
372 

42 
66 
185 
113 
870 

Gross 
30 
33 

- 
6 
59 
318 
446 

Net 
18 
14 

- 
6 
37 
132 
207 

Gross 
130 
628 

44 
105 
299 
539 
1,745 

Net 
110 
386 

42 
72 
222 
245 
1,077 

Average 
Working 
Interest 
85% 
61% 

95% 
69% 
74% 
45% 
62% 

(1)  Excludes interests in royalty acreage. 
(2)  Other comprises assets that are not part of the Company’s strategic focus. 

Producing Wells 

(number of wells at December 31, 2019) (1) 
Permian 
Anadarko 
Other Upstream Operations  
    Eagle Ford 
    Bakken 
    Uinta 
    Other (2) 
Total USA Operations 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Total 

Gross 
1,689 
1,490 

489 
616 
1,493 
30 
5,807 

Net 
1,587 
643 

460 
244 
1,177 
- 
4,111 

Gross 
2 
576 

62 
- 
17 
123 
780 

Net 
2 
161 

57 
- 
8 
111 
339 

Gross 
1,691 
2,066 

551 
616 
1,510 
153 
6,587 

Net 
1,589 
804 

517 
244 
1,185 
111 
4,450 

(1)  Figures exclude wells capable of producing, but not producing. 
(2)  Other comprises assets that are not part of the Company’s strategic focus. 

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Production 

Oil 
(Mbbls/d) 

Plant Condensate 
(Mbbls/d) 

(average daily) 
Permian 
Anadarko 
Other Upstream Operations (1)  
    Eagle Ford 
    Bakken 
    Uinta 
    Other (2) 
Total USA Operations 

2019 
64.7 
44.4 

25.3 
14.0 
13.9 
- 
162.3 

2018 
58.8 
- 

28.4 
- 
- 
2.3 
89.5 

2019 
2.3 
6.0 

1.3 
0.6 
0.2 
0.1 
10.5 

2018 
2.1 
- 

1.6 
- 
- 
0.1 
3.8 

NGLs 

Other 
(Mbbls/d) 

2019 
20.0 
38.3 

5.9 
3.1 
0.5 
0.1 
67.9 

2018 
17.2 
- 

6.8 
- 
- 
1.2 
25.2 

Total 
(Mbbls/d) 

2019 
22.3 
44.3 

7.2 
3.7 
0.7 
0.2 
78.4 

2018 
19.3 
- 

8.4 
- 
- 
1.3 
29.0 

Natural Gas 
(MMcf/d) 

2019 
106 
316 

2018 
86 
- 

43 
23 
13 
46 
547 

52 
- 
- 
13 
151 

(1)  Other Upstream Operations includes production from Arkoma which was divested in 2019 and from San Juan which was divested in 2018. 
(2)  Other comprises assets that are not part of the Company’s strategic focus.   

Permian 

Permian is an oil play located in west Texas in Midland, Martin, Howard, Glasscock and Upton counties. The primary 
focus is on the development of the Spraberry and Wolfcamp formations in the Midland basin, where Ovintiv holds a 
large  position.  At  December 31,  2019,  the  Company  controlled  approximately  110,000  net  acres  in  the  play.  The 
properties are characterized by exposure of up to 11 potential producing horizons spanning approximately 4,000 feet 
of  stratigraphy  or  stacked  pay,  an  extensive  production  history  and  developed  infrastructure.  In  2019,  production 
averaged approximately 64.7 Mbbls/d of oil, approximately 22.3 Mbbls/d of NGLs and approximately 106 MMcf/d 
of natural gas.  

During 2019, the Company continued to focus on efficiency improvements and maximizing resource  recovery by 
accessing layers of the stacked pay simultaneously using the cube development model. This approach utilizes multi-
well  pads,  multi-rig  spreads  and  frac  spreads  running  in  parallel  to  optimize  cycle  times,  and  increase  capital 
efficiency,  while  minimizing  the  surface  footprint.  The  Company  focused  on  capturing  operational  efficiencies 
through optimizing wellbore designs and maximizing usage of recycled water from its centralized water infrastructure 
to  reduce  costs.  During  2019,  the  Company  drilled  114  horizontal  net  wells  with  lateral  lengths  ranging  from 
approximately 6,200 to 12,500 feet at a measured average total depth of approximately 17,800 feet with well spacing 
ranging from approximately 500 to 1,000 feet. As Ovintiv continues to optimize well and completion designs, lateral 
lengths drilled, stage and well spacing may change. 

Oil and natural gas facilities include field gathering systems, storage batteries, saltwater disposal systems, separation 
equipment  and  pumping  units.  The  majority  of  Ovintiv’s  acreage  and  associated  oil  production  is  dedicated  to  a 
pipeline gathering agreement, which has a total remaining term of 14 years including optional renewal terms. In the 
event of pipeline capacity constraints, Ovintiv’s oil production is trucked by a third party. Natural gas is delivered by 
the Company to the purchaser’s meter and pipeline interconnection point in the field. 

Anadarko 

Anadarko  is  a  liquids  rich  play  located  in  west-central  Oklahoma  in  Blaine,  Canadian,  Custer,  Dewey,  Grady, 
Kingfisher, Major and McClain counties. The majority of the Anadarko properties are located in the black oil window 
of the STACK which comprises the Woodford, Meramec and Osage formations spanning up to 800 feet of stratigraphy 
and in the SCOOP which comprises the Woodford, Sycamore, Caney and Springer formations spanning up to 1,150 
feet of stratigraphy. At December 31, 2019, the Company controlled approximately 386,000 net acres in the play. The 
play is characterized by exposure to up to eight geologic horizons which include silt, shale and carbonate formations 
providing  multiple  potential  horizontal  oil  and  gas  targets  making  the  play  ideal  for  long  laterals  and  cube 
development. From February 14, 2019 to December 31, 2019, production averaged approximately 44.4 Mbbls/d of 
oil, approximately 44.3 Mbbls/d of NGLs and approximately 316 MMcf/d of natural gas. 

The  focus  of development  is on  the liquids weighted portions of the basin,  including the Woodford, Springer and 
Mississippian targets. Since acquiring the  asset in February 2019, the Company has utilized its cube development 
model  to  optimize  completion  and  well  spacing,  which  has  resulted  in  reducing  the  cycle  times  and  drilling  and 

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completion  costs  by  approximately  20  percent.  In  addition,  the  Company  implemented  self-sourced  consumables, 
including sand and chemicals to improve supply reliability, reduce costs and minimize its environmental footprint. 

During 2019, the Company drilled 74 horizontal net wells with lateral lengths ranging from approximately 5,000 to 
10,000  feet  at  a  measured  average  total  depth  of  approximately  18,800  feet  with  well  spacing  ranging  from 
approximately 660 to 1,300 feet. As the Company continues to optimize well and completion designs, lateral lengths 
drilled, stage and well spacing may change.   

The play has significant existing infrastructure and is located within close proximity to markets including Cushing, 
Oklahoma,  the  Gulf  Coast  and  Mont  Belvieu.  Oil  and  natural  gas  production  are  gathered  at  various  production 
facilities, with the majority of the oil subsequently transported to sales points by pipeline. The majority of Ovintiv’s 
acreage and associated production is dedicated to various long-term gathering and processing agreements with various 
third parties, which have remaining terms ranging from five to 12 years.  

Other Upstream Operations 

Eagle Ford  

Eagle Ford is an oil play located in south Texas in Karnes and Atascosa counties. The focus is on the development of 
the thickest portion of the Eagle Ford shale in the Karnes Trough, where Ovintiv holds a largely contiguous position. 
At December 31, 2019, the Company controlled approximately 42,000 net acres in the play. Ovintiv is focused on 
developing  the  lower  Eagle  Ford,  as  well  as  optimizing  targets  in  the  upper  Eagle  Ford,  expanding  development 
activity  in  the  Austin  Chalk  and  delineation  of  Graben,  exclusively  using  horizontal  drilling.  During  2019,  the 
Company drilled approximately  33 net wells in the area with lateral lengths ranging from approximately  2,500 to 
7,200  feet  with  an  average  measured  total  depth  of  approximately  16,600  feet.  As  Ovintiv  continues  to  optimize 
development and apply advanced completions designs, lateral lengths drilled, cluster spacing and well spacing may 
change. Production  averaged  approximately  25.3  Mbbls/d  of  oil,  approximately  7.2  Mbbls/d  of  NGLs  and 
approximately 43 MMcf/d of natural gas during the year.  

During 2019, the Company continued to focus  on precision well targeting, spacing and stacking optimization and 
improving  completions  designs.  Performance  improvements  were  achieved  from  optimizing  wellbore  designs, 
pumping high volumes of thin fluid and proppant with tight cluster spacing of less than 20 feet, resulting in increased 
well productivity and optimized capital efficiency. The Company also focused on maintaining cost controls through 
well control automation, optimizing artificial lift systems and streamlining well interventions. 

The play is located within close proximity to markets and has a well-developed infrastructure. Oil and natural gas 
production is gathered at various production facilities, with the majority of the oil subsequently transported to sales 
points by pipeline. Ovintiv has access to firm natural gas gathering capacity of up to approximately 50 MMcf/d and 
firm processing capacity of up to approximately 80 MMcf/d with third parties with remaining terms of less than six 
years, and owns oil processing capacity of 50.0 Mbbls/d. Ovintiv also utilizes interruptible capacity arrangements for 
excess production. 

Bakken 

Bakken is an oil play located in North Dakota primarily in McKenzie and Dunn counties, and in Montana in Richland 
county. The focus of development includes targets in the Bakken and Three Forks formations. At December 31, 2019, 
the Company controlled approximately 72,000 net acres in the play. During 2019, the Company drilled approximately 
12 net wells in the area with lateral lengths ranging from approximately 9,500 to 10,200 feet with an average measured 
total  depth  of  approximately  21,500  feet.  From  February  14,  2019  to  December  31,  2019,  production  averaged 
approximately 14.0 Mbbls/d of oil, approximately 3.7 Mbbls/d of NGLs and approximately 23 MMcf/d of natural gas. 

The  majority  of  Ovintiv’s  acreage  and  associated  production  is  dedicated  to  various  long-term  gathering  and 
processing agreements with various third parties, which have remaining terms of less than two years. Ovintiv uses a 
combination  of  pipeline  and  truck  to  transport  oil  to  sales  points.  Ovintiv  also  utilizes  interruptible  capacity 
arrangements for excess production. 

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Uinta 

Uinta is an oil play located in central Utah primarily in Duchesne and Uintah counties. Uinta provides a deep inventory 
of stacked oil horizons including the Wasatch and Lower Green River formations which includes the Uteland Butte 
and Castle Peak, with approximately 4,000 feet of oil saturated reservoir rock across Ovintiv’s acreage. At December 
31, 2019, the Company controlled approximately 222,000 net acres in the play. During 2019, the Company drilled 
approximately two net wells in the area with lateral lengths that averaged approximately 9,700 feet with an average 
measured  total  depth  of  approximately  19,300  feet.  From  February  14,  2019  to  December  31,  2019,  production 
averaged approximately 13.9 Mbbls/d of oil, approximately 0.7 Mbbls/d of NGLs and approximately 13 MMcf/d of 
natural gas. 

All  of  Ovintiv’s  oil  production  is  transported  by  truck  to  sales  points  under  crude  oil  minimum  volume  delivery 
commitments with two refineries in the Salt Lake City area with remaining terms expiring in 2020 and 2025. 

Canadian Operations 

Overview: In 2019, the Canadian Operations had total capital investment of approximately $480 million and drilled 
approximately  92  net  wells  predominately  in  Montney  and  Duvernay.  Production  averaged  approximately  59.7 
Mbbls/d  of  oil  and  NGLs  and  approximately  1,030  MMcf/d  of  natural  gas.  At  December  31,  2019,  the  Canadian 
Operations had an established land position in Canada of approximately 1.7 million net acres including approximately 
1.1  million  net  undeveloped  acres.  In  addition,  the  Canadian  Operations  accounted  for  28  percent  of  production 
revenues, excluding the impacts of hedging, during 2019 and 30 percent of total proved reserves as at December 31, 
2019. 

During 2019, Duvernay was reorganized to be included in Other Upstream Operations to align with the Company’s 
current strategic development focus. Accordingly, comparative information has been reorganized. 

The following tables summarize the Canadian Operations landholdings, producing wells and daily production as at 
and for the periods indicated.  

Landholdings (1) 

(thousands of acres at December 31, 2019) 
Montney 
Other Upstream Operations 
    Duvernay 
    Other (2) 
Total Canadian Operations 

Developed 
Acreage 

Undeveloped 
Acreage 

Total 
Acreage 

Gross 
572 

119 
210 
901 

Net 
369 

51 
148 
568 

Gross 
671 

369 
707 
1,747 

Net 
420 

Gross 
1,243 

194 
498 
1,112 

488 
917 
2,648 

Net 
789 

245 
646 
1,680 

Average 
Working 
Interest 
63% 

50% 
70% 
63% 

Includes interests in royalty acreage. 

(1) 
(2)  Other primarily includes Wheatland, Horn River and Deep Panuke, as well as assets where the Company may pursue growth opportunities. 

Producing Wells 

(number of wells at December 31, 2019) (1) 
Montney 
Other Upstream Operations 
    Duvernay 
    Other (2) 
Total Canadian Operations 

(1)  Figures exclude wells capable of producing, but not producing. 
(2)  Other primarily includes Wheatland and Horn River. 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Total 

Gross 
7 

15 
8 
30 

Net 
6 

6 
5 
17 

Gross 
1,583 

186 
570 
2,339 

Net 
1,298 

93 
473 
1,864 

Gross 
1,590 

201 
578 
2,369 

Net 
1,304 

99 
478 
1,881 

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Production 

Oil 
(Mbbls/d) 

Plant Condensate 
(Mbbls/d) 

NGLs 

Other 
(Mbbls/d) 

Total 
(Mbbls/d) 

Natural Gas 
(MMcf/d) 

(average daily) 
Montney  
Other Upstream Operations 
    Duvernay 
    Other (1) 
Total Canadian Operations 

2019 
0.2 

2018 
0.3 

0.4 
- 
0.6 

0.1 
- 
0.4 

2019 
36.4 

6.0 
- 
42.4 

2018 
28.6 

2019 
15.5 

2018 
12.8 

2019 
51.9 

2018 
41.4 

6.6 
- 
35.2 

1.2 
- 
16.7 

1.2 
- 
14.0 

7.2 
- 
59.1 

7.8 
- 
49.2 

2019 
931 

57 
42 
1,030 

2018 
894 

59 
54 
1,007 

(1)  Other primarily includes Wheatland, Horn River and Deep Panuke. 

Montney 

Montney is primarily a condensate rich natural gas play located in northeast British Columbia and northwest Alberta. 
While  Ovintiv  is  currently  targeting  the  development  of  condensate  rich  locations  in  the  Montney  formation,  the 
acreage  comprising  the  Montney  play  also  includes  landholdings  with  incremental  producing  formations  such  as 
Cadomin and Doig. In 2019, total production from the play averaged approximately 52.1 Mbbls/d of oil and NGLs 
and approximately  931 MMcf/d of natural gas. As at December 31,  2019, the Company controlled approximately 
789,000 net acres in the play.  

During 2019, the Company continued to focus development in the Montney formation, which is characterized by up 
to six stacked horizons spanning over 1,000 feet of stratigraphy and is being developed exclusively with horizontal 
well  technology.  At  December  31,  2019,  the  Company  held  a  large  position  in  the  Montney  formation  of 
approximately 483,000 net acres, including 256,000 net undeveloped acres and during the year production averaged 
approximately 51.9 Mbbls/d of oil and NGLs and approximately 892 MMcf/d of natural gas.  

Ovintiv utilizes the cube development approach which has provided sustained efficiencies resulting in reduced cycle 
times  and  well  costs.  This  development  approach  utilizes  multi-well  pads,  multiple  drilling  rigs  and  completions 
spreads simultaneously, and advances technology to optimize well spacing and completions intensity. During 2019, 
the Company increased frac size while maintaining drilling and completions costs per well through efficiencies, lower 
cycle  times,  maximizing  use  of  recycled  water  and  leveraging  its  integrated  supply  chain.  In  2019,  the  Company 
drilled approximately 84 net horizontal wells with lateral lengths ranging from approximately  5,000 to 13,000 feet 
and  inter-well  spacing  ranging  from  approximately  650  to  990  feet.  As  Ovintiv  continues  to  optimize  well  and 
completion designs, lateral lengths drilled and well spacing may change.  

Ovintiv has access to natural gas processing capacity of approximately 1,400 MMcf/d, of which approximately 1,200 
MMcf/d is under contract with third parties under varying terms and duration and approximately 215 MMcf/d is owned 
by the Company. Ovintiv also has access to gathering and compression capacity of approximately 1,600 MMcf/d, of 
which  approximately  1,500  MMcf/d  is  under  contract  with  third  parties  under  varying  terms  and  duration  and 
approximately 100 MMcf/d is owned by the Company. In addition, Ovintiv has access to liquids handling capacity of 
approximately 100 Mbbls/d of which approximately 70 Mbbls/d is contracted with third parties under varying terms 
and duration, and approximately 30 Mbbls/d is owned by the Company. 

The  Company  has  a  partnership  agreement  with  a  subsidiary  of  Mitsubishi  Corporation  (“Mitsubishi”)  to  jointly 
develop certain lands that are predominately in the Montney formation. Under the agreement, Mitsubishi agreed to 
invest C$2.9 billion for a 40 percent partnership interest. During 2019, the Company received the final investment 
from Mitsubishi, satisfying the commitment under the agreement.   

Other Upstream Operations: 

Duvernay  

Duvernay is a liquids rich shale play located in west central Alberta and includes properties that are primarily located 
in the Duvernay formation, which extends across the Simonette, Pinto, Edson and Willesden Green properties, but 
also holds potential in other overlapping formations such as the Montney. As at December 31,  2019, the Company 
controlled approximately 245,000 net acres, including 194,000 net undeveloped acres in the play. 

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Ovintiv is currently targeting the development of  liquids rich locations in the Simonette area using multi-well pad 
horizontal drilling technology. During 2019, the Company continued to focus on efficient development to fill existing 
processing capacity, reducing drilling days and increasing lateral lengths drilled to maximize capital efficiency.  The 
Company drilled approximately seven net wells during the year and production averaged approximately 7.6 Mbbls/d 
of oil and NGLs and approximately 57 MMcf/d of natural gas. 

Ovintiv  holds  an  approximate  50.1  percent  ownership  in  three  Simonette  natural  gas  processing  plants  and  the 
associated gathering and compression, of which Ovintiv’s share of natural gas processing capacity is approximately 
103 MMcf/d with liquids production capacity of approximately 18.0 Mbbls/d.  

Wheatland 

Wheatland is located in southern Alberta and includes producing horizons primarily in the  coals and sands of  the 
Cretaceous Edmonton and Belly River Groups. As at December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately 430 net 
producing wells and controlled approximately 153,000 net acres in the play. In 2019, natural gas production averaged 
approximately 5 MMcf/d. 

Horn River 

Horn River is located in northeast British Columbia, where development was historically in the Horn River Basin 
shales  (Muskwa,  Otter  Park  and  Evie),  which  are  upwards of  500  feet  thick.  In  2019,  the  Company’s natural  gas 
production averaged approximately 37 MMcf/d. As at December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately 48 net 
producing horizontal wells and controlled approximately 156,000 net acres in the Horn River Basin shales. Ovintiv 
owns an interest in natural gas compression capacity in Horn River of approximately 285 MMcf/d at various facilities 
in the area. Ovintiv has a take or pay commitment under the Cabin plant natural gas processing arrangement with a 
third party, which has a remaining term of 14 years.  

Deep Panuke 

Ovintiv owns and operates the Deep Panuke natural gas field located offshore Nova Scotia, which is approximately 
250 kilometres southeast of Halifax on the Scotian shelf. The offshore Production Field Centre (“PFC”) utilized for 
operations is under a lease arrangement which has an initial term that expires in 2021.  

In  May  2018,  the  Company  permanently  ceased  production  at  Deep  Panuke  and  commenced  decommissioning 
activities during 2019. The Company anticipates decommissioning activities for the PFC and wells to be completed 
in 2020.  

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PROVED RESERVES AND OTHER OIL AND GAS INFORMATION  

The  process  of  estimating  oil,  NGLs  and  natural  gas  reserves  is  complex  and  requires  significant  judgment.  The 
Company’s  estimates of proved reserves and associated future net cash flows were evaluated and prepared by the 
Company’s internal qualified reserves evaluators (“QREs”) and are the responsibility of management. As a result, 
Ovintiv  has  developed  internal  policies  that  prescribe  procedures  and  standards  to  be  followed  for  preparing, 
estimating  and  recording  reserves  in  compliance  with  SEC  definitions  and  regulations.  Ovintiv’s  policies  assign 
responsibilities for compliance in booking reserves and require that reserve estimates be made by its QREs. QRE is 
defined as a registered professional licensed to practice engineering, geology, geophysics and an individual who has 
a  minimum  of  five  years  practical  experience,  with  at  least  three  recent  years  of  experience  in  the  evaluation  of 
reserves.  

Ovintiv’s Vice-President, Corporate Reserves & Chief Reservoir Engineering and eight other staff (collectively, the 
“Corporate Reserves Group”) under this individual’s direction, oversee the internal preparation, review and approval 
of the reserves estimates. The Corporate Reserves Group reports to the Executive Vice-President, Land & Exploration 
and is separate and independent from the preparation of reserves estimates which are within operations who report to 
Ovintiv’s Executive Vice-President & Chief Operating Officer. The Corporate Reserves Group maintains Ovintiv’s 
internal  policies  that  prescribe  procedures  and  standards  to  be  followed  for  preparing,  estimating  and  recording 
reserves, which includes updating the Company’s reserves manual, and also conducts periodic internal audits of the 
procedures, records and controls relating to the preparation of reserves estimates.  Ovintiv’s QREs receive ongoing 
education  on  the  fundamentals  of  SEC  definitions  and  reserves  reporting  through  the  review  of  the  Company’s 
reserves  manual  and  internal  training  programs  administered  by  the  Corporate  Reserves  Group.  The  Corporate 
Reserves Group also oversees the engagement of independent qualified reserves evaluators (“IQREs”) or independent 
qualified reserves auditors (“IQRAs”), if any, retained by the Company. 

As a member of the Corporate Reserves Group, the Company’s Director, Corporate  Reserves reports to  Ovintiv’s 
Vice-President, Corporate Reserves & Chief Reservoir Engineering and is primarily responsible for overseeing the 
preparation of proved reserves estimates. The Director, Corporate Reserves has a Bachelor of Science with a degree 
in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Alberta, is a member of the Association of Professional Engineers 
and Geoscientists of Alberta (APEGA) and the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter). 

Annually,  each  play  is  reviewed  in  detail  by  the  QREs,  the  Corporate  Reserves  Group,  the  Company’s  executive 
officers and an internal Reserves Review Committee, as appropriate. The Corporate Reserves Group also conducts a 
separate review to ensure the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and that the reserves estimates are free from 
material misstatement. The final reserves estimates are reviewed by  Ovintiv’s Reserves Committee of the Board of 
Directors (the “Reserves Committee”), for approval by the Board of Directors. The Reserves Committee comprises 
directors  that  are  independent  and  familiar  with  estimating  oil  and  gas  reserves  and  disclosure  requirements.  The 
Reserves  Committee  provides  additional  oversight  to  the  Company’s  reserves  process,  meeting  with  management 
periodically to review the reserves process, the portfolio of properties results and related disclosures. The Reserves 
Committee is also responsible for reviewing the qualifications and appointment of IQREs or IQRAs, if any, retained 
by the Company, including recommending the selection of such IQREs or IQRAs to the Board of Directors for its 
approval, and will meet with such IQREs or IQRAs to review their reports. 

For year-ended December 31, 2019, the Company involved IQRAs to audit the Company’s internal oil and gas reserve 
estimates for certain properties. In 2019, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. audited 52 percent of the Company’s 
estimated  U.S.  proved  reserve  volumes  and  McDaniel  &  Associates  Consultants  Ltd.  audited  27  percent  of  the 
Company’s estimated Canadian proved reserve volumes. An audit of reserves is an examination of a company’s oil 
and gas reserves by an independent petroleum consultant that is conducted for the purpose of expressing an opinion 
as to whether such estimates, in aggregate, are reasonable and have been estimated and presented in conformity with 
generally accepted petroleum engineering and evaluation methods and procedures. 

Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil, natural gas and NGLs which, by analysis of geoscience and 
engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from known reservoirs 
under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations. To be considered proved, oil and 
gas reserves must be economically producible before contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence 
indicates that renewal is reasonably certain. Also, the project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced  or 
the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time. Undrilled locations 

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can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are 
scheduled to be drilled within five years. 

The Company’s reserve estimates are conducted from fundamental petrophysical, geological, engineering, financial 
and  accounting  data.  Reserves  are  estimated  based  on  production  decline  analysis,  analogy  to  producing  offsets, 
detailed reservoir modeling, volumetric calculations or a combination of these methods, in all cases having regard to 
economic  considerations  and  using  technologies  that  have  been  demonstrated  in  the  field  to  yield  repeatable  and 
consistent results as defined in the SEC regulations. Data used in assessments include information obtained directly 
from the subsurface through wellbores such as well logs, reservoir core samples, fluid samples, static and dynamic 
pressure information, production test data, and surveillance and performance information.  In the case of producing 
reserves, the emphasis is on decline analysis where volumetric analysis is considered to limit forecasts to reasonable 
levels.  Non-producing  reserves  are  estimated  by  analogy  to  producing  offsets,  with  consideration  of  volumetric 
estimates of in place quantities. All locations to which proved undeveloped reserves have been assigned are subject to 
a development plan adopted by the Company’s management. The tools used to interpret the data included proprietary 
and  commercially  available  reservoir  modeling  and  simulation  software.  Reservoir  parameters  from  analogous 
reservoirs were used to increase the quality of and confidence in the reserves estimates when available. The method 
or combination of methods used to estimate the reserves of each reservoir are based on the unique circumstances of 
each reservoir and the dataset available at the time of the estimate. 

In general, estimates of economically recoverable reserves and the future net cash flows therefrom are based upon a 
number  of  variable  factors  and  assumptions,  such  as  historical  production  from  the  properties,  production  rates, 
ultimate  reserve  recovery,  timing  and  amount  of  capital  expenditures,  marketability  of  crude  oil  and  natural  gas, 
royalty rates, the assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies, and future operating costs, all of which may 
vary materially from actual results. For those reasons, among others, estimates of the economically recoverable crude 
oil and natural gas reserves attributable to any particular group of properties and estimates of future  net revenues 
associated with reserves may vary and such variations may be material. The actual production, revenues, taxes and 
development, and operating expenditures with respect to the reserves associated with the Company's properties may 
vary from the information presented herein, and such variations could be material.  

The SEC regulations require that proved reserves be estimated using existing economic conditions (constant pricing). 
Based  on  this  methodology,  the  Company’s  reserves  have been  calculated utilizing  the 12-month  average  trailing 
historical  price  for  each  of  the  years  presented  prior  to  the  effective  date  of  the  report.  The  12-month  average  is 
calculated  as  an  unweighted  average  of  the  first-day-of-the-month  price  for  each  month.  The  reserves  estimates 
provided herein are estimates only and there is no guarantee that the estimated reserves will be recovered. 

Ovintiv does not file any estimates of total net proved reserves with any U.S. federal authority or agency other than 
the SEC and the Department of Energy (“DOE”). Reserve estimates filed with the SEC correspond with the estimates 
of the Company’s reserves contained in its reports. Reserve estimates filed with the DOE are based upon the same 
underlying technical and economic assumptions as the estimates of  Ovintiv’s reserves that are filed with the SEC, 
however, the DOE requires reports to include the interests of all owners in wells that Ovintiv operates and to exclude 
all  interests  in  wells  that  Ovintiv  does  not  operate.  Ovintiv  is  also  required  to  provide  reserves  data  prepared  in 
accordance with Canadian securities regulatory requirements, specifically National Instrument 51-101, Standards of 
Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities (“NI 51-101”) which is filed concurrently on SEDAR at www.sedar.com under 
Ovintiv’s issuer profile. The primary differences between NI 51-101 reporting requirements and SEC requirements 
include  the  disclosure  of  proved  and  probable  reserves  estimated  using  forecast  prices  and  costs,  presentation  of 
reserves  and  production  before  royalties  and  granular  product  type  disclosures.  The  reserves  data  prepared  in 
accordance with NI 51-101 do not form part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

The reserves and other oil and gas information set forth below has an effective date of December 31,  2019 and was 
prepared as of January 14, 2020. The audit reports prepared by the IQRAs are attached in Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 of 
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

The  following  table  is  a  summary  of  the  Company’s  proved  reserves  and  estimates  of  future  net  cash  flows  and 
discounted future net cash flows from proved reserves information relating to proved reserves which can also be found 
in Note 29 of Ovintiv’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-
K. 

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Proved Reserves  

The table below summarizes the Company’s total proved reserves by oil, NGLs and natural gas and by geographic 
area for the year ended December 31, 2019 and other summary operating data.  

2019 

U.S. 

Canada 

Total 

Proved Reserves: (1) 
Oil (MMbbls): 
Developed 
Undeveloped 
Total 

Natural Gas Liquids (MMbbls): 
Developed 
Undeveloped 
Total 

Natural Gas (Bcf): 
Developed 
Undeveloped 
Total 

Total Proved Reserves (MMBOE): 
Developed  
Undeveloped  
Total 
Percent Proved Developed 
Percent Proved Undeveloped 

Production (MBOE/d) (2) 
Capital Investments (millions) 
Total Net Producing Wells (3) 
Standardized Measure of Discounted Net Cash Flows: (4) 

291.0 
431.4 
722.4 

211.3 
198.1 
409.4 

1,375 
1,066 
2,441 

732 
807 
1,539 

48% 
52% 

331.9 
2,134 
5,137 

1.2 
0.1 
1.3 

68.4 
110.7 
179.1 

1,439 
1,378 
2,818 

310 
340 
650 

48% 
52% 

231.5 
480 
1,914 

292.2 
431.5 
723.7 

279.8 
308.8 
588.5 

2,815 
2,444 
5,259 

1,041 
1,148 
2,189 

48% 
52% 

563.4 
2,614 
7,051 

Pre-Tax (millions) 
Taxes (millions)  
After-Tax (millions) 
(1)  Numbers may not add due to rounding. 
(2)  Total Production excludes China. Production from China during 2019 was 1.5 MBOE/d. The Company exited its China Operations effective 

12,216 
600 
11,616 

10,641 
600 
10,041 

1,575 
- 
1,575 

July 31, 2019. Total Company production including China during 2019 was 564.9 MBOE/d.   
(3)  Total net producing wells includes producing wells and wells mechanically capable of production. 
(4)  The Pre-Tax standardized measure of discounted cash flows (“standardized measure”) is a non-GAAP measure. The Company believes the 
Pre-Tax standardized measure is a useful measure in addition to the After-Tax standardized measure, as it assists in both the estimation of 
future cash flows of the current reserves as well as in making relative value comparisons among peer companies. The After-Tax standardized 
measure is dependent on the unique tax situation of each individual company, while the Pre-Tax standardized measure is based on prices and 
discount factors, which are more consistent between peer companies. See Note 29 of Ovintiv’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements 
under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the standardized measure. 

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Changes to the Company’s proved reserves during 2019 are summarized in the table below:  

Beginning of year (1) 
  Revisions and improved recovery (2) 
  Extensions and discoveries 
  Purchase of reserves in place 
  Sale of reserves in place  
  Production 
End of year 
Developed 
Undeveloped 
Total 

Oil 
(MMbbls) 
351.8 
(55.6) 
230.6 
262.0 
(5.1) 
(60.0) 
723.7 
292.2 
431.5 
723.7 

2019 

NGLs 
(MMbbls) 
280.8 
(17.1) 
158.4 
217.2 
(0.5) 
(50.2) 
588.5 
279.8 
308.8 
588.5 

Natural Gas 
(Bcf) 
3,499 
(515) 
1,298 
1,904 
(351) 
(576) 
5,259 
2,815 
2,444 
5,259 

Total 
(MMBOE) 
1,215.7 
(158.7) 
605.3 
796.6 
(64.1) 
(206.2) 
2,188.8 
1,041.1 
1,147.7 
2,188.8 

(1)  Numbers may not add due to rounding. 
(2)  Changes in reserve estimates resulting from application of improved recovery techniques are included in revisions of previous estimates. 

In 2019, the Company’s proved reserves of 2,188.8 MMBOE increased 973.1 MMBOE from 2018 primarily due to 
extensions  and  discoveries  of  605.3  MMBOE  from  successful  drilling  and  delineation  of  the  Permian,  Anadarko, 
Montney, Eagle Ford, Bakken and Duvernay. Approximately 64 percent of the 2019 extensions and discoveries were 
crude oil, condensate and NGLs. Revisions of previous estimates of 158.7 MMBOE included negative revisions from 
changes  in  the  approved  development  plan  of  97.5  MMBOE  and  lower  12-month  average  trailing  price  of  118.4 
MMBOE,  which  was  offset  by  positive  forecast  changes  other  than  price  of  57.3  MMBOE  resulting  from  well 
performance and development strategy.  

Purchases of 796.6 MMBOE were primarily due to the acquisition of Newfield properties. Production for 2019 was 
206.2 MMBOE. Sales of 64.1 MMBOE were primarily due to the divestiture of Arkoma. 

Proved reserves are estimated based on the average beginning-of-month prices during the 12-month period for the 
respective year. The average prices used to compute proved reserves at December 31,  2019 were WTI: $55.93 per 
bbl, Edmonton Condensate: C$68.80 per bbl, Henry Hub: $2.58 per MMBtu, and AECO: C$1.76 per MMBtu. Prices 
for natural gas, oil and NGLs are inherently volatile.  

Proved Undeveloped Reserves   

Changes to the Company’s proved undeveloped reserves during 2019 are summarized in the table below: 

(MMBOE) 
Beginning of year 
  Revisions of prior estimates 
  Extensions and discoveries 
  Conversions to developed 
  Purchase of reserves in place 
  Sale of reserves in place  
End of Year 

* 

Numbers may not add due to rounding. 

2019 
611.0 
(108.6) 
551.0 
(132.6) 
234.3 
(7.5) 
1,147.7 

As of December 31, 2019, there were no proved undeveloped reserves that will remain undeveloped for five years or 
more.  

Extensions and discoveries of 551.0 MMBOE of proved undeveloped reserves were the result of successful drilling 
and  delineation  in  the  Permian,  Anadarko,  Montney,  Eagle  Ford,  Bakken  and  Duvernay.  Revisions  of  previous 
estimates  of  proved  undeveloped  reserves  were  revised  down  by  108.6  MMBOE  primarily  due  to  the  removal  of 
proved undeveloped locations of 97.5 MMBOE resulting from changes in the development plan related to Permian, 
Montney, Eagle Ford, and Duvernay, where specific locations previously planned to be drilled within five years were 
shifted  to  a  later  development  timeframe  or  removed  and  replaced  with  different  locations  that  are  included  in 
extensions and discoveries. In addition, revisions of previous estimates included a positive revision of 10.2 MMBOE 

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from increased well performance and 11.7 MMBOE from infill drilling locations in the Eagle Ford. Lower average 
beginning-of-month prices during the 12-month period reduced the proved undeveloped reserves by 33.0 MMBOE.  

Conversions of proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed status were 132.6 MMBOE, equating to 22 percent 
of the total prior year-end proved undeveloped reserves. Approximately 47 percent of proved undeveloped reserves 
conversions occurred in Canada in Montney and Duvernay and 53 percent occurred in the U.S. in Permian and Eagle 
Ford. The Company spent approximately $1,069 million to develop proved undeveloped reserves in 2019, of which 
approximately 25 percent related to the Canadian properties and 75 percent related to the U.S. properties. 

Purchases of proved undeveloped reserves of 234.3 MMBOE were due to the acquisition of Newfield properties.  

Sales Volumes, Prices and Production Costs   

The following table summarizes the Company’s production by final product sold, average sales price, and production 
cost per BOE for each of the last three years by geographic area:  

Oil 
(MMbbls) 

Production 
NGLs 
(MMbbls) 

Natural Gas 
(Bcf) 

59.2 
0.2 
0.6 
60.0 

32.7 
0.1 
32.8 

27.7 
0.1 
27.8 

28.6 
21.6 
- 
50.2 

10.5 
18.0 
28.5 

8.7 
10.6 
19.3 

200 
376 
- 
576 

55 
368 
423 

97 
306 
403 

2019 

USA (3) 
Canada (4) 
China (5) 

Total 

2018 

USA (4) 
Canada (6) 

Total 

2017 

USA (4)  
Canada (6) 

Total 

Average Sales Price (1) 
Oil 
($/bbl) 

NGLs 
($/bbl) 

Natural Gas 
($/Mcf) 

56.19 
53.19 
66.37 
56.27 

64.05 
52.54 
64.00 

49.14 
42.33 
49.10 

15.83 
40.25 
- 
26.33 

27.21 
48.05 
40.31 

22.30 
45.35 
34.98 

1.90 
2.01 
- 
1.97 

2.28 
2.24 
2.25 

3.03 
2.16 
2.37 

Average 
Production 
Cost (2)  

($/BOE) 

8.54 
11.76 
23.95 
9.90 

8.19 
12.00 
10.49 

9.42 
11.46 
10.52 

(1)  Excludes the impact of commodity derivatives. 
(2)  Excludes ad valorem, severance and property taxes. 
(3)  Annual production from fields that comprise greater than 15% of the Company’s total proved reserves as at December 31, 2019 related to: 

Midland county in Permian: 10.2 MMbbls of oil, 4.2 MMbbls of NGLs and 22 Bcf of natural gas; 
Stack in Anadarko: 13.2 MMbbls of oil, 10.0 MMbbls of NGLs and 72 Bcf of natural gas. 

(4)  There were no fields that comprised greater than 15% of the Company’s total proved reserves for the periods ended. 
(5)  The Company acquired offshore China operations as part of the Newfield acquisition on February 13, 2019. Effective July 31, 2019, the 
Company terminated the production sharing contract with CNOOC and exited China. Production reported are presented for the period from 
February 14, 2019 through July 31, 2019. 

(6)  Annual production from the Dawson North field in Montney, which was greater than 15% of the Company’s total proved reserves for the 
periods ended: 2018 - 164 Bcf of natural gas and 8.5 MMbbls of NGLs; and 2017 - 81 Bcf of natural gas and 2.3 MMbbls of NGLs. 

22 

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Drilling and other exploratory and development activities (1, 2) 

The following tables summarize the Company’s gross participation and net interest in wells drilled for the periods 
indicated by geographic area. 

Exploratory  

Development 

Total 

Productive 

Dry 

Productive 

Dry 

Productive 

Dry 

Gross 

Net  Gross 

Net  Gross 

Net  Gross 

Net  Gross 

Net  Gross 

Net 

- 
1 
1 

- 
1 
1 

- 
2 
2 

- 
1 
1 

- 
1 
1 

- 
1 
1 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

392 
125 
517 

187 
213 
400 

183 
189 
372 

236 
91 
327 

170 
138 
308 

168 
116 
284 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

392 
126 
518 

187 
214 
401 

183 
191 
374 

236 
92 
328 

170 
139 
309 

168 
117 
285 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

2019 

USA 
Canada 

Total 

2018 

USA 
Canada 

Total 

2017 

USA 
Canada 

Total 

(1)  “Gross” wells are the total number of wells in which the Company has a working interest. 
(2)  “Net” wells are the number of wells obtained by aggregating the Company’s working interest in each of its gross wells. 

Drilling and other exploratory and development activities (1, 2)   

The following table summarizes the number of wells in the process of drilling or in active completion stages and the 
number of wells suspended or waiting on completion by geographic area at December 31, 2019. 

Wells in the Process of Drilling 
or in Active Completion 

Wells Suspended or Waiting on 
Completion (3)   

Exploratory 
Gross 

Development 

Exploratory 

Net  Gross 

Net  Gross 

Development 
Net 

Net  Gross 

2019 

USA 
Canada 

Total 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

31 
15 
46 

27 
10 
37 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

17 
20 
37 

14 
17 
31 

(1)  “Gross” wells are the total number of wells in which the Company has a working interest. 
(2)  “Net” wells are the number of wells obtained by aggregating the Company’s working interest in each of its gross wells. 
(3)  Wells suspended or waiting on completion include exploratory and development wells where drilling has occurred, but the wells are awaiting 

the completion of hydraulic fracturing or other completion activities or the resumption of drilling in the future. 

Oil and gas properties, wells, operations, and acreage 

The  following table summarizes the number of producing  wells and wells mechanically capable of production by 
geographic area at December 31, 2019. 

Productive Wells (1, 2)  

2019 

USA 
Canada 

Total 

Oil (3) 

Natural Gas (4) 

Total 

Gross 

Net  Gross 

Net  Gross 

Net 

6,542 
30 
6,572 

4,670 
17 
4,687 

959 
2,385 
3,344 

467 
1,897 
2,364 

7,501 
2,415 
9,916 

5,137 
1,914 
7,051 

(1)  “Gross” wells are the total number of wells in which the Company has a working interest. 
(2)  “Net” wells are the number of wells obtained by aggregating the Company’s working interest in each of its gross wells. 
(3) 
(4) 

Includes 49 gross oil wells (25 net oil wells) containing multiple completions.  
Includes 1,988 gross natural gas wells (1,590 net natural gas wells) containing multiple completions. 

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The following table summarizes the Company’s developed, undeveloped and total landholdings by geographic area 
as at December 31, 2019.    

Landholdings (1 - 7) 
(thousands of acres) 
United States 

Total United States 
Canada 

Onshore 

Offshore 
Total Canada 
Total 

 — Federal/State  
 — Freehold 
 — Fee 

 — Crown 
 — Freehold 
 — Fee 
 — Crown 

265 
971 
63 
1,299 

794 
43 
1 
20 
858 
2,157 

Developed 
Gross 

Net 

206 
653 
11 
870 

519 
28 
1 
20 
568 
1,438 

Undeveloped 
Gross 

Net 

Total 

Gross 

Net 

72 
96 
278 
446 

1,534 
61 
3 
56 
1,654 
2,100 

61 
46 
100 
207 

1,050 
47 
3 
12 
1,112 
1,319 

337 
1,067 
341 
1,745 

2,328 
104 
4 
76 
2,512 
4,257 

267 
699 
111 
1,077 

1,569 
75 
4 
32 
1,680 
2,757 

(1)  Fee lands are those lands in which the Company has a fee simple interest in the mineral rights and has either: (i) not leased out all the mineral 
zones; (ii) retained a working interest; or (iii) one or more substances or products that have not been leased. The current fee lands acreage 
summary includes all fee titles owned by the Company that have one or more zones that remain unleased or available for development.  
(2)  Crown/Federal/State  lands  are  those  owned  by  the  federal,  provincial  or  state  government  or  First  Nations,  in  which  the  Company  has 

purchased a working interest lease. 

(3)  Freehold lands are owned by individuals (other than a government or the Company), in which the Company holds a working interest lease. 
(4)  Excludes interests in royalty acreage. 
(5)  Gross acres are the total area of properties in which the Company has a working interest. 
(6)  Net acres are the sum of the Company’s fractional working interest in gross acres. 
(7)  Undeveloped acreage refers to those acres on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of 

economic quantities of oil or gas regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves. 

Of the total 2.7 million net acres, approximately 0.6 million net acres is held by production. The table above includes 
acreage subject to leases that will expire over the next three years: 2020 – approximately 163,000 net acres; 2021 – 
approximately 161,000 net acres; and 2022 – approximately 122,000 net acres, if the Company does not establish 
production or take any other action to extend the terms. For acreage that the Company intends to further develop, 
Ovintiv will perform operational and administrative actions to continue the lease terms that are set to expire. As a 
result, it is not expected that a significant portion of the Company’s net acreage will expire before such actions occur.   

Title to Properties   

As is customary in the oil and natural gas industry, a preliminary review of title records, which may include opinions 
or  reports  of  appropriate  professionals  or  counsel,  is  made  at  the  time  Ovintiv  acquires properties.  The  Company 
believes  that  title  to  all  of  the  various  interests  set  forth  in  the  above  table  is  satisfactory  and  consistent  with  the 
standards generally accepted in the oil and gas industry, subject  only to immaterial exceptions that do not detract 
substantially from the value of the interests or materially interfere with their use in Ovintiv’s operations. The interests 
owned by Ovintiv may be subject to one or more royalty, overriding royalty, or other outstanding interests (including 
disputes related to such interests) customary in the industry. The interests may additionally be subject to obligations 
or duties under applicable laws, ordinances, rules, regulations, and orders of arbitral or governmental authorities. In 
addition, the interests may be subject to burdens such as production payments, net profits interests, liens incident to 
operating agreements and current taxes, development obligations under oil and gas leases, and other encumbrances, 
easements, and restrictions, none of which detract substantially from the value of the interests or materially interfere 
with their use in the Company’s operations. 

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MARKETING ACTIVITIES  

Market  Optimization  activities  are  managed  by  Ovintiv’s  Midstream,  Marketing  &  Fundamentals  team,  which  is 
responsible  for  the  sale  of  the  Company’s  proprietary  production  and  enhancing  the  associated  netback  price.  In 
marketing  production,  Ovintiv  looks  to  minimize  market  related  shut-ins,  maximize  realized  prices  and  manage 
concentration of credit-risk exposure. Market Optimization activities include third party purchases and sales of product 
to provide operational flexibility and cost mitigation for transportation commitments, product type, delivery points 
and customer diversification. In conjunction with certain divestitures,  the Company has also agreed to market and 
transport certain portions of the acquirer’s production with remaining terms of less than two years. 

Ovintiv’s produced oil, NGLs and natural gas, are primarily marketed to refiners, local distributing companies, energy 
marketing companies and electronic exchanges. Prices received by Ovintiv are based primarily upon prevailing market 
index prices in the region in which it is sold. Prices are impacted by regional and global supply and demand and by 
competing fuels in such markets. 

Ovintiv’s oil production is sold under short-term and long-term contracts that range up to six years or under dedication 
agreements, for which prices received by Ovintiv are based primarily upon the prevailing index prices in the relevant 
region where the product is sold. The Company also has firm transport contracts to deliver oil to other downstream 
markets. Ovintiv’s NGLs production is sold under short-term and long-term contracts that range up to nine years, or 
under  dedication  arrangements  at  the  relevant  market  price  at  the  time  the  product  is  sold.  Ovintiv's  natural  gas 
production is sold under short-term and long-term delivery contracts with terms ranging up to four years in duration, 
at the relevant monthly or daily market price at the time the product is sold. The Company also has firm transport 
contracts to deliver natural gas production to other downstream markets, including Dawn. 

Ovintiv also seeks to mitigate the  market risk associated with future cash flows by entering into various financial 
derivative instruments used to manage price risk relating to produced oil, NGLs and natural gas. Details of contracts 
related  to  Ovintiv’s  various  financial  risk  management  positions  are  found  in  Note  25  of  Ovintiv’s  audited 
Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

The Company enters into various contractual agreements to sell oil, NGLs and natural gas, some of which require the 
delivery  of fixed  and  determinable  quantities.  As  of  December  31,  2019,  the  Company  was  committed  to  deliver 
approximately  9,000  Mbbls  of  oil  and  NGLs  and  approximately  195,300  MMcf  of  natural  gas  in  the  Canadian 
Operations and  approximately 115,800 Mbbls of oil and approximately 395,800  MMcf of natural gas in the  USA 
Operations  with  varying  contract  terms  up  to  six  years.  During  2019,  the  Company  incurred  deficiency  fees  of 
approximately $24 million in the USA Operations, related to crude oil minimum volume sales contracts related to its 
Uinta production in Utah, i) one contract is for approximately 15,000 barrels of oil per day through May 2020 and ii) 
the second contract is for 20,000 barrels of oil per day through August 2025. Given the limited access to transportation 
and refining facilities resulting from the paraffin content in Uinta oil production, volatility in commodity prices and 
changes in capital and development plans, deficiency fees  ranging from $3.50 to $6.50 per barrel may be incurred 
during the remaining term of the contracts commitment periods.  

Certain transportation and processing commitments result in the following financial commitments:  

($ millions) 
Transportation & Processing 
USA Operations 
  Oil & NGLs  
  Natural Gas  
  Total USA Operations 

Canadian Operations 
  Oil & NGLs  
  Natural Gas  
  Total Canadian Operations 
Total USA and Canadian Operations 

1 Year 

2-3 Years 

4-5 Years 

> 5 years 

Total 

14 
368 
382 

172 
767 
939 
1,321 

10 
265 
275 

162 
510 
672 
947 

12 
124 
136 

299 
1,728 
2,027 
2,163 

42 
1,020 
1,062 

708 
3,395 
4,103 
5,165 

6 
263 
269 

75 
390 
465 
734 

25 

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In general, Ovintiv expects to fulfill delivery commitments with production from proved developed reserves, with 
longer  term  delivery  commitments  to  be  filled  from  the  Company’s  proved  undeveloped  reserves.  Where  proved 
reserves  are  not  sufficient  to satisfy  the  Company’s  delivery  commitments,  Ovintiv  can  and  may  use  spot market 
purchases  to  satisfy  the  respective  commitments.  In  addition,  for  the  Company’s  long-term  transportation  and 
processing agreements, Ovintiv also expects to fulfill delivery commitments from the future development of resources 
not  yet  characterized  as  proved  reserves.  Likewise,  where  delivery  commitments  are  not  transferred  along  with 
property  divestitures,  Ovintiv  may  market  and  transport  certain  portions  of  the  acquirer’s  production  to  meet  the 
delivery requirements. 

In addition, production from the Company’s reserves are not subject to any priorities or curtailments that may affect 
quantities  delivered  to  its  customers  or  any  priority  allocations  or  price  limitations  imposed  by  federal  or  state 
regulatory  agencies,  or  any  other  factors  beyond  the  Company’s  control  that  may  affect  Ovintiv’s  ability  to  meet 
contractual obligations other than those discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.    

MAJOR CUSTOMERS  

In connection with the marketing and sale of the Company’s production and purchased oil, NGLs and natural gas for 
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had one customer, Vitol Inc., which individually accounted for more 
than 10 percent of the Company’s consolidated revenues (2018 – one customer, Royal Dutch Shell and 2017 – two 
customers, Royal Dutch Shell Group and Flint Hills Resources). Ovintiv does not believe that the loss of any single 
customer would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Further 
information on Ovintiv’s major customers are found in Note 2 of Ovintiv’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements 
under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

COMPETITION  

The Company’s competitors include national, integrated and independent oil and gas companies, as well as oil and 
gas  marketers  and  other  participants  in  other  industries  supplying  energy  and  fuel  to  industrial,  commercial  and 
individual consumers. All aspects of the oil and gas industry are highly competitive and Ovintiv actively competes 
with other companies in the industry, particularly in the following areas:  

Exploration for and development of new sources of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves;  

• 
•  Reserves and property acquisitions;  
• 
•  Access to services and equipment to carry out exploration, development and operating activities; and  
•  Attracting and retaining experienced industry personnel.  

Transportation and marketing of oil, NGLs, natural gas and diluents; 

The  oil  and  gas  industry  also  competes  with  other  industries  focused  on  providing  alternative  forms  of  energy  to 
consumers. Competitive forces can lead to cost increases or result in an oversupply of oil, NGLs or natural gas. 

EMPLOYEES  

At December 31, 2019, the Company employed 2,571 employees as set forth in the following table. 

U.S.  
Canada 
Total 

The Company also engages a number of contractors and service providers. 

Employees 
1,526 
1,045 
2,571 

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS  

As Ovintiv is an owner or lessee and operator of oil and gas properties and facilities in the United States and Canada, 
the Company is subject to numerous federal, state, provincial, local, tribal and foreign country laws and regulations 
relating  to  pollution,  protection  of  the  environment  and  the  handling  of  hazardous  materials.  These  laws  and 
regulations generally require Ovintiv to remove or remedy the effect of its activities on the environment at present and 
former operating sites, including dismantling production facilities, remediating damage caused by the use or release 
of  specified  substances,  and  require  suspension  or  cessation  of  operations  in  affected  areas.  The  following  are 
significant areas of government control and regulation affecting Ovintiv’s operations: 

Exploration and Development Activities 

Our operations are subject to federal, tribal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations. These laws and regulations 
relate  to  matters  that  include:  acquisition  of  seismic  data; issuance  of  permits;  location,  drilling  and  casing  of 
wells; well  design;  hydraulic  fracturing; well  production; use,  transportation,  storage  and  disposal  of  fluids  and 
materials incidental to oil and gas operations; surface usage and the restoration of properties upon which wells have 
been drilled and facilities have been constructed; plugging and abandoning of wells; transportation of production; and 
calculation and disbursement of royalty payments and production and other taxes. 

Certain of our U.S. oil and natural gas leases are granted or approved by the federal government and administered by 
the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Office of Natural Resources Revenue or the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 
all  of  which  are  federal  agencies.  BLM  leases  contain  relatively  standardized  terms  and  require  compliance  with 
detailed regulations. Many onshore leases contain stipulations limiting activities that may be conducted on the lease. 
Some stipulations are unique to particular geographic areas and may limit the time during which activities on the lease 
may be conducted, the manner in which certain activities may be conducted or, in some cases, may ban surface activity. 
Under certain circumstances, the BLM may require that our operations on federal leases be suspended or terminated. 
Any such suspension or termination could materially and adversely affect Ovintiv’s interests. 

The Company’s operations also are subject to conservation regulations, including the regulation of the size of drilling 
and spacing units or proration units; the number of wells that may be drilled in a unit; the rate of production allowable 
from oil and gas wells; and the unitization or pooling of oil and gas properties. In addition, conservation laws generally 
limit the venting or flaring of natural gas and impose certain requirements regarding the ratable purchase of production. 
These regulations limit the amounts of oil and gas that can be produced from the Company’s wells and the number of 
wells or the locations that can be drilled. 

Environmental and Occupational Regulations 

The  Company  is  subject  to  many  federal,  state,  provincial,  local  and  tribal  laws  and  regulations  concerning 
occupational  health  and  safety  as  well  as  the  discharge  of  materials  into,  and  the  protection  of,  the  environment. 
Environmental laws and regulations relate to: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 
• 
• 

• 
• 

the discharge of pollutants into federal, provincial and state waters;  
assessing the environmental impact of seismic acquisition, drilling or construction activities;  
the generation, storage, transportation and disposal of waste materials, including hazardous substances;  
the emission of certain gases into the atmosphere;  
the protection of private and public surface and ground water supplies;  
the sourcing and disposal of water;  
the protection of endangered species and habitat;  
the  monitoring,  abandonment,  reclamation  and  remediation  of  well  and  other  sites,  including  sites  of 
former operations; 
the development of emergency response and spill contingency plans; and 
employee health and safety. 

Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of sanctions, including administrative, 
civil,  and  criminal  penalties;  the  imposition  of  investigatory,  remedial,  and  corrective  action  obligations  or  the 
incurrence of capital expenditures; the occurrence of delays in the permitting, development or expansion of projects; 
and the issuance of injunctions restricting or prohibiting some or all of the Company’s activities in a particular area. 
Although environmental requirements have a substantial impact upon the energy industry as a whole,  Ovintiv does 

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not  believe  that  these  requirements  affect  the  Company  differently,  to  any  material  degree,  as  compared  to  other 
companies in the oil and natural gas industry. For further information regarding regulations relating to environmental 
protection, see Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Operating  and  capital  costs  incurred  to  comply  with  the  requirements of  these  laws  and  regulations  are  necessary 
business costs in the oil and gas industry. As a result, Ovintiv has established policies for continuing compliance with 
environmental laws and regulations. The Corporate Responsibility, Environment, Health and Safety Committee of the 
Board of Directors reviews and recommends environmental policy to the Board of Directors for approval and oversees 
compliance with government laws and regulations. Monitoring and reporting programs for environmental, health and 
safety performance in day-to-day operations, as well as inspections and assessments, are designed to provide assurance 
that environmental and regulatory standards are met. The Company has established operating procedures and training 
programs designed to limit the environmental impact of the Company’s field facilities and identify, communicate and 
comply with changes in existing laws and regulations. Contingency plans are in place for a timely  response  to an 
environmental event and remediation/reclamation programs are in place and utilized to restore the environment. In 
addition, the Board of Directors is advised of significant contraventions thereof, and receives updates on trends, issues 
or events which could have a significant impact on the Company. 

The Company believes that it is in material compliance with existing environmental and occupational health and safety 
regulations.  Further,  the  Company  believes  that  the  cost  of  maintaining  compliance  with  these  existing  laws  and 
regulations  will  not  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  its  business,  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations.  In 
addition,  Ovintiv  maintains  insurance  coverage  for  insurable  risks  against  certain  environmental  and  occupational 
health and safety risks that is consistent with insurance coverage held by other similarly situated industry participants, 
but the Company is not fully insured against all such risks. However, it is possible that developments, such as new or 
more stringently applied existing laws and regulations as well as claims for damages to property or persons resulting 
from the Company’s operations, could result in substantial costs and liabilities to the Company. As a result, Ovintiv 
is unable to predict with any reasonable degree of certainty future exposures concerning such matters. 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT  

The Company’s Executive Officers are set out in the table below: 

Years Served 
 as Executive 

Name  

Age (1) 

Officer (2)  Corporate Office 

Douglas J. Suttles 
Joanne L. Alexander 
Corey D. Code 
Gregory D. Givens 
David G. Hill 
Michael G. McAllister 
Brendan M. McCracken 
Michael Williams 
Renee E. Zemljak 

59 
53 
46 
46 
58 
61 
44 
60 
55 

7  Chief Executive Officer 
5  Executive Vice-President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary 
1  Executive Vice-President & Chief Financial Officer 
1  Executive Vice-President & Chief Operating Officer 
6  Executive Vice-President, Land & Exploration 
9 
1  Executive Vice-President, Corporate Development & External Relations 
6  Executive Vice-President, Corporate Services 
10  Executive Vice-President, Midstream, Marketing & Fundamentals 

President 

(1)  As of February 21, 2020. 
(2) 

Includes the years served as executive officer of Encana. 

Mr. Suttles was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Company in June 2013. Prior to that, Mr. Suttles was an 
independent businessman performing consulting services in the oil and gas industry and serving on the boards of one 
public and one private company from 2011 until 2013. Mr. Suttles was also Chief Operating Officer at BP Exploration 
& Production from 2009 until 2011. 

Ms. Alexander was appointed Executive Vice-President & General Counsel of the Company in January 2015. Prior 
to that, Ms.  Alexander was Senior Vice-President,  General Counsel and Corporate  Secretary of Precision Drilling 
Corporation (a public oil and gas services company) from 2008 to 2014. 

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Mr. Code was appointed Executive Vice-President & Chief Financial Officer of the Company in May 2019. Mr. Code 
joined one of the Company’s predecessor companies in 1999 and assumed a variety of leadership roles, including his 
previous position as Vice-President, Investor Relations and Strategy in 2018, Vice-President, Investor Relations in 
2017, and Treasurer and Vice President, Portfolio Management in 2013.  

Mr. Givens was appointed Executive Vice-President & Chief Operating Officer of the Company in September 2019. 
Mr. Givens joined the Company in 2018 serving as Vice-President and General Manager of Texas Operations. Prior 
to joining the Company, Mr. Givens was Vice-President Eagle Ford of EP Energy (a public oil and gas company) 
from 2012 to 2017 and worked in various technical and leadership roles from 1996 onwards for El Paso Exploration 
& Production Company and Sonat Exploration Company which were predecessor companies to EP Energy.  

Mr. Hill was appointed Executive Vice-President, Land & Exploration of the Company in November 2013. Mr. Hill 
joined  the  Company  in  2002  and  assumed  a  variety  of  leadership  roles,  including  his  previous  position  as  Vice-
President, Natural Gas Economy Operations. Prior to these positions, Mr. Hill was President of TICORA Geosciences 
(a privately held geosciences company) from 2000 to 2002.  

Mr.  McAllister  was  appointed  President  of  the  Company  in  September  2019.  Mr.  McAllister  joined  one  of  the 
Company’s predecessor companies in 2000 and assumed a variety of leadership roles, including his previous positions 
as Executive  Vice-President & Chief Operating Officer in 2013 and President & Senior Vice-President,  Canadian 
Division in 2011. Before joining the Company, Mr. McAllister worked in various technical and leadership roles for 
Texaco Canada and Imperial Oil Resources (a public oil and gas company). 

Mr.  McCracken  was  appointed  Executive  Vice-President,  Corporate  Development  &  External  Relations  of  the 
Company  in  September  2019.  Mr.  McCracken  joined  one  of  the  Company’s  predecessor  companies  in  1997  and 
assumed a variety of engineering, commercial and leadership roles, including his previous position as Vice-President 
& General Manager of Canadian Operations in 2017.  

Mr. Williams was appointed Executive Vice-President, Corporate Services of the Company in March 2014. Prior to 
that, Mr. Williams was Executive Vice-President of Corporate Services with Tervita Corporation (a private energy 
services company) from 2011 to 2014 and Chief Administration Officer for TransAlta Corporation (a public power 
company) from 2002 to 2011. 

Ms. Zemljak was appointed Executive Vice-President, Midstream, Marketing & Fundamentals of the Company in 
November 2009. Ms. Zemljak joined one of the Company’s predecessor companies in 2000 and assumed a variety of 
leadership roles, including her previous position as Vice-President of USA Marketing in 2002. Prior to joining the 
Company, Ms. Zemljak worked in various roles for Montana Power (formerly a public power company). 

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ITEM 1A. Risk Factors 

If any event arising from the risk factors set forth below occurs,  Ovintiv’s business, prospects, financial condition, 
results of operations, cash flows or the trading prices of securities and in some cases its reputation could be materially 
adversely affected. When assessing the materiality of the foregoing risk factors, Ovintiv takes into account a number 
of qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to, financial, operational, environmental, regulatory, 
reputational and safety aspects of the identified risk factor.  

A substantial or extended decline in oil, NGLs or natural gas prices and price differentials could have a material 
adverse effect on Ovintiv’s financial condition. 

Ovintiv’s financial performance and condition are substantially dependent on the prevailing prices of oil, NGLs and 
natural gas. Low oil, NGLs and natural gas prices and significant U.S. and Canadian price differentials will have an 
adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial condition and the value and amount of its reserves. Prices 
for oil, NGLs and natural gas fluctuate in response to changes in the supply and demand for  the commodities and 
related products, market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors beyond the Company’s control. 

Oil prices are largely determined by international and domestic supply and demand. Factors which affect oil prices 
include the actions of the OPEC, world economic conditions, government regulation, political stability in the Middle 
East and elsewhere, the foreign and domestic supply of oil, the price of foreign imports, the availability of alternate 
fuel  sources,  transportation  and  infrastructure  constraints  and  weather  conditions.  Historically,  NGLs  prices  have 
generally  been  correlated  with  oil  prices,  and  are  determined  based  on  supply  and  demand  in  international  and 
domestic NGLs markets. Natural gas prices realized by Ovintiv are affected primarily by North American supply and 
demand, weather conditions, transportation and infrastructure constraints, prices and availability of alternate sources 
of energy (including refined products, coal, and renewable energy initiatives) and by technological advances affecting 
energy consumption.  

A substantial or extended decline in the price of oil, NGLs and natural gas could result in a delay or cancellation of 
existing  or  future  drilling,  development  or  construction  programs  or  curtailment  or  shut-in  of  production  at  some 
properties or could result in unutilized long-term transportation and drilling commitments, all of which could have an 
adverse effect on the Company’s revenues, profitability and cash flows. 

Oil and natural gas producers in North America, and particularly in Canada, currently receive discounted prices for 
their production relative to certain international prices due to constraints on their ability to transport and sell such 
production to international markets. A failure to resolve such constraints may result in continued discounted or reduced 
commodity prices realized by oil and natural gas producers, including Ovintiv.  

On at least an annual basis, Ovintiv conducts an assessment of the carrying value of its assets in accordance with the 
applicable accounting standards. If oil, NGLs and natural gas prices decline further, the carrying value of Ovintiv’s 
assets could be subject to financial downward revisions, and the Company’s net earnings could be adversely affected. 

Ovintiv’s ability to operate and complete projects is dependent on factors outside of its control which may have a 
material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations. 

The  Company’s  ability  to  operate,  generate  sufficient  cash  flows,  and  complete  projects  depends  upon  numerous 
factors beyond the Company’s control. In addition to commodity prices and continued market demand for its products, 
these  non-controllable  factors  include  general  business  and  market  conditions,  economic  recessions  and  financial 
market turmoil, the overall state of the capital markets, including investor appetite for investments in the oil and gas 
industry  generally  and  the  Company’s  securities  in  particular,  the  ability  to  secure  and  maintain  cost  effective 
financing for its commitments, legislative, environmental and regulatory matters, changes to free trade agreements, 
reliance on industry partners and service providers, unexpected cost increases, royalties, taxes, volatility in oil, NGLs 
and natural gas prices, the availability of drilling and other equipment, the ability to access lands, the ability to access 
water  for  hydraulic  fracturing  operations,  physical  impacts  from  adverse  weather  conditions  and  other  natural 
disasters,  the  availability  and  proximity  of  processing  and  pipeline  capacity,  transportation  interruptions  and 
constraints, technology failures, accidents, the availability of skilled labour and reservoir quality. In addition, some of 
these risks may be magnified due to the concentrated nature of funding certain assets within the Company’s portfolio 
of  oil  and  natural  gas  properties  that  are  operated  within  limited  geographic  areas.  As  a  result,  a  number  of  the 

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Company’s assets could experience any of the same risks and conditions at the same time, resulting in a relatively 
greater impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations compared to other companies that may 
have a more geographically diversified portfolio of properties.  

Fluctuations  in  oil,  NGLs  and  natural  gas  prices  can  create  fiscal  challenges  for  the  oil  and  gas  industry.  These 
conditions have impacted companies in the oil and gas industry and the Company’s spending and operating plans and 
may continue to do so in the future. There may be unexpected business impacts from market uncertainty, including 
volatile  changes  in  currency  exchange  rates,  inflation,  interest  rates,  defaults  of  suppliers  and  general  levels  of 
investing and consuming activity, as well as a potential impact on the Company’s credit ratings, which could affect 
its liquidity and ability to obtain financing.  

The Company undertakes a variety of projects including exploration and development projects and the construction 
or expansion of facilities and pipelines. Project delays may delay expected revenues and project cost overruns could 
make projects uneconomic. 

All of Ovintiv’s operations are subject to regulation and intervention by governments that can affect or prohibit the 
drilling, completion and tie-in of wells, production, the construction or expansion of facilities and the operation and 
abandonment of fields. Contract rights can be cancelled or expropriated. Changes to government regulation could 
impact the Company’s existing and planned projects. 

Ovintiv’s proved reserves are estimates and any material inaccuracies in our reserves estimates or assumptions 
underlying our reserves estimates could cause quantities and net present value of our reserves to be overstated or 
understated. 

There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of  oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves, including 
many  factors  beyond  the  Company’s  control.  The  reserves  data  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  and  other 
published reserves and resources data represents estimates only. In general, estimates of economically recoverable oil, 
NGLs and natural gas reserves and the future net cash flows therefrom are based upon a number of variable factors 
and assumptions, such as commodity prices, future operating and capital costs, availability of future capital, historical 
production from the properties and the assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies, including with respect 
to royalty payments, all of which may vary considerably from actual results. All such estimates are to some degree 
uncertain, and classifications of reserves and resources are only attempts to define the degree of uncertainty involved.  

For those reasons, estimates of the economically recoverable oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves attributable to any 
particular group of properties, classification of such reserves based on risk of recovery and estimates of future net 
revenues expected therefrom, prepared by different engineers or by the same engineers at different times, may vary 
substantially. Ovintiv’s actual production, revenues, taxes and development and operating expenditures with respect 
to its reserves may vary from such estimates, and such variances could be material. Estimates with respect to reserves 
that may be developed and produced in the future are often based upon volumetric calculations and upon analogy to 
similar types of reserves, rather than upon actual production history. Estimates based on these methods generally are 
less reliable than those based on actual production history. Subsequent evaluation of the same reserves based upon 
production history will result in variations, which may be material, in the estimated reserves. 

The  estimates  of  reserves  included  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  SEC 
regulations and require, subject to limited exceptions, that proved undeveloped reserves may only be classified as 
proved reserves if the related wells are scheduled to be drilled within five years after the date of booking. Reserves to 
be developed and produced in the future are based upon certain expectations and assumptions, including the allocation 
of  capital,  which  may  be  subject  to  change.  Proved  undeveloped reserves  may  be reclassified  to  unproved  due  to 
delays  in  the  development  of  reserves,  or  projects  becoming  uneconomical  due  to  increases  in  costs  to  drill  such 
reserves, or lower future net revenues from further decreases in commodity prices.  

Commodity prices used to estimate reserves included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are calculated as the average 
oil and natural gas price during the 12 months ending in the current reporting period, determined as the unweighted 
arithmetic average of prices on the first day of each month within the 12-month period. Significant future price changes 
can have a material effect on the quantity and value of the Company's proved reserves. The standardized measure of 
discounted future net cash flows included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K will not represent the current market 

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value of Ovintiv’s estimated reserves. In addition, these reserve estimates do not include any value for probable or 
possible reserves that may exist, nor do they include any value for unproved undeveloped acreage.  

If Ovintiv fails to acquire or find additional reserves, the Company’s reserves and production will decline materially 
from their current levels. 

Ovintiv’s future oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves and production, and therefore its cash flows, are highly dependent 
upon its success in developing its current reserves base and acquiring, discovering or developing additional reserves. 
Without reserves additions through exploration, acquisition or development activities, the Company’s reserves and 
production will decline over time as reserves are depleted.  

The  business  of  exploring  for,  developing or  acquiring reserves  is  capital  intensive.  In addition, part  of  Ovintiv’s 
strategy is focused on a limited number of core assets which results in a concentration of capital and increased potential 
risks. To the extent that cash flows from the Company’s operations are insufficient and external sources of capital 
become limited, Ovintiv’s ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain and expand its oil, NGLs and 
natural gas reserves and production will be impaired. In addition, there can be no certainty that Ovintiv will be able to 
find and develop or acquire additional reserves to replace production at acceptable costs. 

In addition, Ovintiv’s operations utilize horizontal multi-pad drilling, tighter drill spacing and completions techniques 
that  evolve  over  time  as  learnings  are  captured  and  applied.  The  use  of  this  technology  may  increase  the  risk  of 
unintentional communication with other wells and the potential for acceleration of current reserves or an increase in 
recovery factor from the reservoir. If drilling and completions results are less than anticipated, the production volumes 
may be lower than anticipated. 

Ovintiv may not realize anticipated benefits or be subject to unknown risks from acquisitions. 

Ovintiv  has  completed  a  number  of  acquisitions  to  strengthen  its  position  and  to  create  the  opportunity  to  realize 
certain benefits, including, among other things, potential cost savings. Achieving the benefits of acquisitions depends 
in part on successfully consolidating functions and integrating operations and procedures in a timely and efficient 
manner,  as  well  as  being  able  to  realize  the  anticipated  growth  opportunities  and  synergies  from  combining  the 
acquired businesses and operations. Acquisitions could also result in difficulties in being able to hire, train or retain 
qualified personnel to manage and operate such properties. 

Acquiring oil and natural gas properties requires the Company to assess reservoir and infrastructure characteristics, 
including estimated recoverable reserves, future production, commodity prices, revenues, development and operating 
costs and potential environmental and other liabilities. Such assessments are inexact and inherently uncertain and, as 
such, the acquired properties may not produce as expected, may not have the anticipated reserves and may be subject 
to increased costs and liabilities.  

Although the acquired properties are reviewed prior to completion of an acquisition, such reviews are not capable of 
identifying all existing or potentially adverse conditions. This risk may be magnified where the acquired properties 
are in geographic areas where the Company has not historically operated. Further, the Company may not be able to 
obtain or realize upon contractual indemnities from the seller for liabilities created prior to an acquisition and it may 
be required to assume the risk of the physical condition of the properties that may not perform in accordance with its 
expectations. 

The Company’s business is subject to environmental regulation in all jurisdictions in which it operates and any 
changes in such regulation could negatively affect its results of operations. 

All phases of the oil, NGLs and natural gas businesses are subject to environmental regulation pursuant to a variety 
of  U.S.  and  Canadian  federal,  and  other  state,  provincial,  territorial,  tribal,  and  municipal  laws  and  regulations 
(collectively, “environmental regulation”). 

Environmental regulation imposes, among other things, restrictions, liabilities and obligations in connection with the 
use,  generation,  handling,  storage,  transportation,  treatment  and  disposal  of  chemicals,  hazardous  substances  and 
waste  associated  with  the  finding,  production,  transmission  and  storage  of  the  Company’s  products  including  the 
hydraulic fracturing of wells, the decommissioning of facilities and in connection with spills, releases and emissions 

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of various substances to the environment. It also imposes restrictions, liabilities and obligations in connection with 
the  availability  and  management  of  fresh,  potable  or  brackish  water  sources  that  are  being  used,  or  whose  use  is 
contemplated, in connection with oil and natural gas operations.  

Environmental  regulation  also  requires  that  wells,  facility  sites  and  other  properties  associated  with  Ovintiv’s 
operations be operated, maintained, abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory authorities. 
In addition, certain types of operations, including exploration and development projects and changes to certain existing 
projects,  may  require  the  submission  and  approval  of  environmental  impact  assessments  or  permit  applications. 
Compliance with environmental regulation can require significant expenditures, including expenditures for clean-up 
costs and damages arising out of contaminated properties and failure to comply with environmental regulation may 
result in the imposition of fines and penalties.  

Although it is not expected that the costs of complying with environmental regulation will have a material adverse 
effect on Ovintiv’s financial condition or results of operations, no assurance can be made that the costs of complying 
with environmental regulation in the future will not have such an effect as discussed below. 

Climate  Change  -  A  number  of  federal,  provincial  and  state  governments  have  announced  intentions  to  regulate 
greenhouse  gases  and  certain  air  pollutants.  These  governments  are  currently  developing  regulatory  and  policy 
frameworks to deliver on their announcements. The Canadian federal government along with certain provinces and 
territories, including Alberta and British Columbia, have announced a pan-Canadian climate change framework that 
is consistent with the outcome reached at the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris and which includes imposing an 
economy  wide  cost on carbon  emissions  in  Canada by  2023. The  Alberta government  introduced  the  Technology 
Innovation  and  Emissions  Reduction  (TIER)  system  on  January  1,  2020  replacing  the  previous  Carbon 
Competitiveness Incentive Regulation. The TIER regulation applies to any facility that has emitted 100,000 tonnes or 
more of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) greenhouse gases (GHGs) in 2016, or any subsequent year or is a facility 
emitting less than 100,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent GHG emissions per year but has opted-in to the TIER 
system. The TIER system provides regulated facilities with several compliance options, including on-site emission 
reductions, the use of emissions performance credits, the use of Alberta-based emissions offsets, and/or the payment 
into a compliance fund at C$30/tonne of CO2e. British Columbia has an established carbon levy of C$30 per tonne of 
CO2e, increasing by C$5 per tonne of CO2e per year starting April 1, 2018 until it reaches C$50 per tonne of CO2e in 
2021.  Additionally,  the  Alberta  and  British  Columbia  governments  remain  committed  to  achieving  a  45  percent 
reduction in methane gas emissions from oil and gas operations by 2025, relative to 2014 levels, to be achieved through 
equipment replacement and leak detection and repair regulations. The federal Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act 
(GGPPA) came into force in Alberta on January 1, 2020. The GGPPA imposes a federal fuel charge to all fossil fuels 
used in applicable jurisdictions in Canada, including those in the conventional oil and gas sector. The GGPPA includes 
provisions to exempt facilities that are subject to provincial requirements deemed equivalents to federal requirements; 
both Alberta’s and British Columbia’s upstream oil and gas greenhouse gas regulatory systems have been determined 
to be equivalent to the federal system and are therefore exempt from the provisions of the GGPPA. In the United 
States policy makers at both the federal and state levels have introduced legislation and proposed new regulations 
designed to quantify and limit the emission of greenhouse gases. For example, both the U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency and the BLM have previously issued regulations for the control of methane emissions, which also include 
leak detection and repair requirements, for the oil and gas industry. Since the change in presidential administrations 
in 2016 however, the agencies have attempted to revise or rescind their previously issued methane standards. Litigation 
concerning these methane regulations and subsequent attempts to revise or rescind them is ongoing. Nevertheless, 
many  state  and  local  officials  have  stated  their  intent  to  intensify  efforts  to  regulate  greenhouse  gas  emissions, 
including methane, from the oil and gas industry. Ovintiv’s cost of complying with emerging climate  and cost of 
carbon regulations is not currently forecast to be material to the Company, however as these and additional federal 
and regional programs are in their early implementation stage or under development, Ovintiv is unable to predict the 
total future impact of the potential regulations upon its business. Therefore, it is possible that the Company could face 
future  increases  in  operating  costs  in  order  to  comply  with  legislation  governing  emissions.  Further,  certain  local 
governments, stakeholders and other groups have made claims against companies in the oil and gas industry, including 
the Company, relating to the purported causes and impact of climate change. These claims have, among other things, 
resulted in litigation, stockholder proposals and local ballot initiatives targeted against certain companies and the oil 
and gas industry generally. As these claims are in their early stages, the Company is unable to assess the impact of 
such claims on its business, but the defense of such matters may be  costly and time consuming and could have a 
material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation. 

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Hydraulic  Fracturing  -  The  U.S.  federal  government  and  certain  U.S.  state  and  Canadian  federal  and  provincial 
governments  continue  to  review  certain  aspects  of  the  scientific,  regulatory  and  policy  framework  under  which 
hydraulic fracturing operations are conducted. Most of these  governments are primarily engaged in the collection, 
review  and  assessment  of  technical  information  regarding the  hydraulic  fracturing  process  and  have  not  provided 
specific details with respect to any significant actual, proposed or contemplated changes to the hydraulic fracturing 
regulatory construct. However, certain environmental and other groups continue to suggest that additional federal, 
provincial, territorial, state and municipal laws and regulations may be needed to more closely regulate the hydraulic 
fracturing process and have made claims that hydraulic fracturing techniques are harmful to surface water and drinking 
water sources.  

Further,  certain  governments  in  jurisdictions  where  the  Company  does  not  currently  operate  have  considered  or 
implemented moratoriums on hydraulic fracturing until further studies can be completed and some governments have 
adopted, and others have considered adopting, regulations that could impose more stringent permitting, disclosure and 
well  construction  requirements  on  hydraulic  fracturing  operations.  Any  new  laws,  regulations  or  permitting 
requirements regarding hydraulic fracturing could lead to operational delays, increased operating costs or third party 
or governmental claims, and could increase the Company’s cost of compliance and doing business as well as reduce 
the amount of oil and natural gas that the Company is ultimately able to produce from its reserves. The Company 
recognizes  that  additional  hydraulic  fracturing  ballot  initiatives  and/or  federal,  state,  provincial  and/or  local  rule-
making, including rules specific to U.S. federal lands, limiting or restricting oil and gas development activities are a 
possibility in the future. 

As these federal and regional programs are in their early implementation stage or under development, Ovintiv is unable 
to predict the total impact of the potential regulations upon its business. Therefore, it is possible that the Company 
could face increases in operating costs or curtailment of production in order to comply with legislation governing 
hydraulic fracturing.  

Seismic Activity – Some areas of North America are experiencing increasing localized frequency of seismic activity 
which has been associated with oil and gas operations. Although the occurrence and risk of seismicity in relation to 
oil and gas operations is generally very low, it has been linked to deep disposal of wastewater and has been correlated 
with hydraulic fracturing activities which has prompted legislative and regulatory initiatives intended to address these 
concerns. These initiatives have the potential to require additional monitoring, restrict the injection of produced water 
in  certain  disposal  wells  and/or  modify  or  curtail  hydraulic  fracturing  operations  which  could  lead  to  operational 
delays, increase compliance costs or otherwise adversely impact the Company’s operations. 

Ovintiv’s  risk  management  activities  may  prevent  the  Company  from  fully  benefiting  from  price  increases  and 
expose the Company to other risks. 

The nature of the Company’s operations results in exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices and foreign currency 
exchange  rates.  The  Company  monitors  its  exposure  to  such  fluctuations  and,  where  the  Company  deems  it 
appropriate, utilizes derivative financial instruments and physical delivery contracts to mitigate the potential impact 
of declines in oil, NGLs and natural gas prices and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.  

Under U.S. GAAP, derivative financial instruments that do not qualify or are not designated as hedges for accounting 
purposes  are  fair  valued  with  the  resulting  changes  recognized  in  current  period  net  earnings.  The  utilization  of 
derivative  financial  instruments  may  therefore  introduce  significant  volatility  into  the  Company’s  reported  net 
earnings.  

The terms of the Company’s various risk management agreements and the amount of estimated production hedged 
may limit the benefit to the Company of commodity price increases. The Company may also suffer financial loss if 
the Company is unable to produce oil, NGLs and natural gas, or if counterparties to the Company’s risk management 
agreements fail to fulfill their obligations under the agreements, particularly during periods of declining commodity 
prices. 

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Downgrades in Ovintiv’s credit ratings could increase its cost of capital and limit its access to capital, suppliers or 
counterparties.  

Rating agencies regularly evaluate the Company, basing their ratings of long-term and short-term debt on a number 
of factors. This includes the Company’s financial strength as well as factors not entirely within its control, including 
conditions affecting the oil and gas industry generally and the wider state of the economy. One of the Company’s 
credit ratings is below an investment-grade credit rating. There can be no assurance that the Company’s other credit 
ratings will not also be downgraded, including below an investment-grade credit rating.  

The Company’s borrowing costs and ability to raise funds are directly impacted by its credit ratings. A downgrade 
may increase the cost of borrowing under the Company’s existing credit facilities, limit access to commercial paper 
programs maintained by the Company and its subsidiaries, limit access to private and public markets to raise short-
term and long-term debt, and negatively impact the Company’s cost of capital.  

Credit ratings may also be important to suppliers or counterparties when they seek to engage in certain transactions. 
Downgrades in one or more of the Company’s credit ratings below investment-grade may require the Company to 
post collateral, letters of credit, cash or other forms of security as financial assurance of the Company’s performance 
under certain contractual arrangements with marketing counterparties, facility construction contracts, and pipeline and 
midstream service providers. Additionally, certain of these arrangements contain financial assurance language that 
may, under certain circumstances, permit the Company’s counterparties to request additional collateral.  

In connection with certain over-the-counter derivatives contracts and other trading agreements, the Company could 
be required to provide additional collateral or to terminate transactions with certain counterparties based on its credit 
rating. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could adversely affect the Company’s ability to execute portions of its 
business strategy, including hedging, and could have a material adverse effect on its liquidity and capital position.   

The Company’s level of indebtedness may limit its financial flexibility.  

As at December 31, 2019, the Company had long-term unsecured notes of $6,161 million, $698 million in outstanding 
commercial paper and no outstanding balance under its revolving credit facilities. The terms of the Company’s various 
financing  arrangements,  including but not  limited  to  the  indentures  relating  to  its  outstanding  senior notes  and  its 
revolving  credit  facilities,  impose  restrictions  on  its  ability  and,  in  some  cases,  the  ability  of  the  Company’s 
subsidiaries, to take a number of actions that it or they may otherwise desire to take, including: (i) incurring additional 
debt, including guarantees of indebtedness; (ii) creating liens on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ assets; and (iii) 
selling certain of the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ assets. 

The Company’s level of indebtedness could affect its operations by: 

•  requiring it to dedicate a portion of cash flows from operations to service its indebtedness, thereby reducing the 

availability of cash flow for other purposes; 

•  reducing its competitiveness compared to similar companies that have less debt; 
•  limiting its ability to obtain additional future financing for working capital, capital investments and acquisitions; 
•  limiting its flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business and industry; and 
•  increasing its vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions. 

The Company’s ability to meet its debt obligations and service those debt obligations depends on future performance. 
General  economic  conditions,  oil,  NGLs  or  natural  gas prices,  and  financial,  business  and  other  factors  affect  the 
Company’s  operations  and  future  performance.  Many  of  these  factors  are  beyond  the  Company’s  control.  If  the 
Company is unable to satisfy its obligations with cash on hand, the Company could attempt to refinance debt or repay 
debt with proceeds from a public offering of securities or selling certain assets. No assurance can be given that the 
Company will be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the interest obligations on its debt, or that funds from 
future borrowings, equity financings or proceeds from the sale of assets will be available to pay or refinance its debt, 
or on terms that will be favourable to the Company. Further, future acquisitions may decrease the Company’s liquidity 
by  using  a  significant  portion  of  its  available  cash  or  borrowing  capacity  to  finance  such  acquisitions,  and  such 
acquisitions could result in a significant increase in the Company’s interest expense or financial leverage if it incurs 
additional debt to finance such acquisitions. 

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Ovintiv’s operations are subject to the risk of business interruption, property and casualty losses. The Company’s 
insurance may not fully protect us against these risks and liabilities. 

The Company’s business is subject to the operating risks normally associated with the exploration for, development 
of and production of oil, NGLs and natural gas and the operation of midstream facilities. These risks include blowouts, 
explosions, fire, gaseous leaks, migration of harmful substances and liquid spills, loss of well control, surface spills 
and uncontrolled ground releases of fluids during hydraulic fracturing or other similar activities, and acts of vandalism 
and terrorism, any of which could cause personal injury, result in damage to, or destruction of, oil and natural gas 
wells or formations or production facilities and other property, equipment and the environment, as well as interrupt 
operations.  

In  addition,  all  of  Ovintiv’s  operations  will  be  subject  to  all  of  the  risks  normally  incident  to  the  transportation, 
processing, storing and marketing of oil, NGLs and natural gas and other related products, drilling and completion of 
oil and natural gas wells, and the operation and development of oil and natural gas properties, including encountering 
unexpected formations or pressures, premature declines of reservoir pressure or productivity, blowouts, equipment 
failures and other accidents, sour gas releases, uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas or well fluids, adverse weather 
conditions and other natural disasters, spills and migration of hazardous chemicals, pollution and other environmental 
risks. 

The Company maintains insurance against some, but not all, of these risks and losses. The occurrence of a significant 
event  against  which  Ovintiv  is  not  fully  insured  could have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  financial 
position. 

Ovintiv is dependent on partners to fund development projects conducted through joint ventures and partnerships, 
which if such funding is unavailable may adversely affect the Company’s operations and financial condition. 

Some of Ovintiv’s projects are conducted through joint ventures, partnerships or other arrangements, where Ovintiv 
is dependent on its partners to fund their contractual share of the capital and operating expenditures related to such 
projects. If these partners do not approve or are unable to fund their contractual share of certain capital or operating 
expenditures, suspend or terminate such arrangements or otherwise fulfill their obligations, this may result in project 
delays or additional future costs to Ovintiv, all of which may affect the viability of such projects. 

These partners may also have strategic plans, objectives and interests that do not coincide with and may conflict with 
those of Ovintiv. While certain operational decisions may be made solely at the discretion of Ovintiv in its capacity 
as operator of certain projects, major capital and strategic decisions affecting such projects may require agreement 
among  the  partners.  While  Ovintiv  and  its  partners  generally  seek  consensus  with  respect  to  major  decisions 
concerning the direction and operation of the project assets, no assurance can be provided that the future demands or 
expectations of any party, including Ovintiv, relating to such assets will be met satisfactorily or in a timely manner. 
Failure to satisfactorily meet such demands or expectations may affect Ovintiv’s or its partners’ participation in the 
operation  of  such  assets  or  the  timing  for  undertaking  various  activities,  which  could  negatively  affect  Ovintiv’s 
operations and financial results. Further, Ovintiv is involved from time to time in disputes with its partners and, as 
such, it may be unable to dispose of assets or interests in certain arrangements if such disputes cannot be resolved in 
a satisfactory or timely manner.  

The Company may be unable to dispose of certain assets and may be required to retain liabilities for certain matters.  

The Company may identify certain assets for disposition, which could increase capital available for other activities or 
reduce the Company’s existing indebtedness. Various factors could materially affect the Company’s ability to dispose 
of those assets or complete announced transactions, including current commodity prices, the availability of purchasers 
willing  to  purchase  certain  assets  at  prices  and  on  terms  acceptable  to  the  Company,  approval  by  the  Board  of 
Directors, associated asset retirement obligations, due diligence, favourable market conditions, the assignability of 
joint  venture,  partnership  or  other  arrangements  and  stock  exchange,  regulatory  and  third  party  approvals.  These 
factors may also reduce the proceeds or value to Ovintiv. 

The Company may also retain certain liabilities for certain matters in a sale transaction. The magnitude of any such 
retained liabilities or indemnification obligations may be difficult to quantify at the time of the transaction and could 
ultimately be material. Further, certain third parties may be unwilling to release the Company from guarantees or other 

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credit support provided prior to the sale of the divested assets. As a result, after the sale of certain assets, the Company 
may remain secondarily liable for the obligations guaranteed or supported to the extent that the purchaser of the assets 
fails to perform its obligations. 

The market price of shares of common stock of Ovintiv may be subject to volatility. 

The market price of the shares of common stock of Ovintiv may be volatile. The value of an investment in the shares 
of common stock of Ovintiv may decrease or increase abruptly, and such volatility may bear little or no relation to 
Ovintiv’s performance. The price of the shares of common stock of Ovintiv may fall in response to market appraisal 
of the Company’s strategy or if Company’s results of operations and/or prospects are below the expectations of market 
analysts or stockholders. In addition, stock markets have, from time to time, experienced significant price and volume 
fluctuations that have affected the market price of securities, and may, in the future, experience similar fluctuations 
which may be unrelated to Ovintiv’s operating performance and prospects but nevertheless affect the price  of the 
shares  of  common  stock  of  Ovintiv.  Broad  market  fluctuations,  as  well  as  economic  conditions  generally  may 
adversely affect the market price of the shares of common stock of Ovintiv. 

The decision to pay dividends and the amount of such dividends is subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors 
based on numerous factors and may vary from time to time. 

Although the Company currently intends to pay quarterly cash dividends to its stockholders, these cash dividends may 
vary from time to time and could be increased, reduced or suspended. The amount of cash available to the Company 
to pay dividends, if any, can vary significantly from period to period for a number of reasons, including, among other 
things: Ovintiv’s operational and financial performance; fluctuations in the costs to produce  oil, NGLs and natural 
gas;  the  amount  of  cash  required  or  retained  for  debt  service  or  repayment;  amounts  required  to  fund  capital 
expenditures and working capital requirements; access to equity markets; foreign currency exchange rates and interest 
rates; and the risk factors set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

The decision whether or not to pay dividends and the amount of any such dividends are subject to the discretion of the 
Board of Directors, which regularly evaluates the Company’s proposed dividend payments and the requirements under 
the DGCL. In addition, the level of dividends per share of common stock will be affected by the number of outstanding 
shares  of  common  stock  and  other  securities  that  may  be  entitled  to  receive  cash  dividends  or  other  payments. 
Dividends  may  be  increased,  reduced  or  suspended  depending  on  the  Company’s  operational  success  and  the 
performance of its assets. The market value of the shares of common stock may deteriorate if the Company is unable 
to meet dividend expectations in the future, and that deterioration may be material. 

Changes to, or the interpretation of, regulations related to income tax laws, royalty regimes, environmental laws 
or other regulations could adversely  affect the Company’s business, financial position, cash flows or results of 
operations. 

Income tax laws, royalty regimes, environmental laws, free trade agreements or other laws and regulations may be 
interpreted  in  a  manner  that  adversely  affects  the  Company  or  its  securityholders.  Changes  to  existing  laws  and 
regulations or the adoption of new laws and regulations could also increase the  Company’s cost of compliance and 
adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, cash flows or results of operations.  

Tax authorities having jurisdiction over the Company or its stockholders could change their administrative practices 
or may disagree with the manner in which the Company calculates its tax liabilities or structures its arrangements, to 
the  detriment  of  the  Company  or  its  securityholders.  There  are  tax  matters  under  review  for  which  the  timing  of 
resolution is uncertain. While Ovintiv believes that the provision for income taxes is adequate, the completion of the 
Reorganization may affect the timing of audit and reassessment of taxes by certain tax authorities, which reassessments 
may lack technical merit and may possibly be material. 

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Ovintiv does not operate all of its properties and assets and has limited control over factors that could adversely 
affect the Company’s financial performance. 

Other companies operate a portion of the assets in which Ovintiv has ownership interests. Ovintiv may have limited 
ability  to  exercise  influence  over  operation  of  these  assets  or  their  associated  costs.  Ovintiv’s  dependence  on  the 
operator  and  other  working  interest  owners  for  these  properties  and  assets,  and  its  limited  ability  to  influence 
operations and associated costs, could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial performance. The success 
and timing of Ovintiv’s activities on assets operated by others therefore will depend upon factors that are outside of 
the Company’s control, including timing and amount of capital expenditures, timing and amount of operating and 
maintenance expenditures, the operator’s expertise and financial resources, approval of other participants, selection 
of technology and risk management practices. 

Fluctuations in exchange rates could affect expenses or result in realized and unrealized losses. 

Worldwide prices for oil and natural gas are  set in U.S. dollars. Following the U.S. Domestication, the functional 
currency of Ovintiv will be U.S. dollars therefore the financial results will be consolidated in U.S. dollars. However, 
the Canadian dollar will be the functional currency for Ovintiv’s Canadian subsidiaries. As Ovintiv has operations in 
Canada, a portion of the Company’s revenues and expenses will be denominated in Canadian dollars. Fluctuations in 
the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar could impact the Company’s revenue and expenses 
and have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial performance and condition. 

In addition, Ovintiv’s Canadian subsidiaries may hold U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in 
the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar could result in realized and unrealized losses. 

The inability of our customers and other contractual counterparties to satisfy their obligations to Ovintiv may have 
a material adverse effect on the Company.  

Ovintiv is exposed to the risks associated with counterparty performance including credit risk and performance risk. 
Ovintiv may experience material financial losses in the event of customer payment default for commodity sales and 
financial derivative transactions. Ovintiv’s liquidity may also be impacted if any lender under the Company’s existing 
credit  facilities  is  unable  to  fund  its  commitment.  Performance  risk  can  impact  Ovintiv’s  operations  by  the  non-
delivery of  contracted  products  or  services  by  counterparties,  which  could  impact  project  timelines  or operational 
efficiency. 

The Company is subject to claims, litigation, administrative proceedings and regulatory actions that may not be 
resolved in the Company’s favour. 

Ovintiv may be subject to claims, litigation, administrative proceedings and regulatory actions. The outcome of these 
matters may be difficult to assess or quantify, and there cannot be any assurance that such matters will be resolved in 
the Company’s favour. If Ovintiv is unable to resolve such matters favourably, the Company or its directors, officers 
or employees may become involved in legal proceedings that could result in an onerous or unfavourable decision, 
including  fines,  sanctions,  monetary  damages  or  the  inability  to  engage  in  certain  operations  or  transactions.  The 
defence of such matters may also be costly, time consuming and could divert the attention of management and key 
personnel  from  the  Company’s  operations.  Ovintiv  may  also  be  subject  to  adverse  publicity  associated  with  such 
matters, regardless of whether such allegations are valid or whether the Company is ultimately found liable. As a 
result, such matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation, financial position, results of 
operations or liquidity. See Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Ovintiv relies on certain key personnel, and if the Company is unable to attract and retain key personnel necessary 
for its business, Ovintiv’s operations may be negatively impacted.  

The Company relies on certain key personnel for the development of its business. The experience, knowledge and 
contributions of the Company’s existing management team and directors to the immediate and near-term operations 
and direction of the Company are likely to continue to be of central importance for the foreseeable future. As such, 
the unexpected loss of services from or retirement of such key personnel could have a material adverse effect on the 
Company.  In  addition,  the  competition  for  qualified  personnel  in  the  oil  and  gas  industry  means  there  can  be  no 

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assurance  that  the  Company  will  be  able  to  attract  and  retain  such  personnel  with  the  required  specialized  skills 
necessary for its business. 

The Company has certain indemnification obligations to certain counterparties that could have a material adverse 
effect on Ovintiv. 

The  Company  has  agreed  to  indemnify  or  be  indemnified  by  numerous  counterparties  for  certain  liabilities  and 
obligations associated with businesses or assets retained or transferred by the Company. Specifically, in relation to a 
corporate reorganization to split into two independent publicly traded energy companies, Encana and Cenovus Energy 
Inc. (“Cenovus”) each agreed to indemnify the other for certain liabilities and obligations associated with, among 
other  things,  in  the  case  of  Encana’s  indemnity,  the  business  and  assets  retained  by  Encana,  and  in  the  case  of 
Cenovus’s  indemnity,  the  business  and  assets  transferred  to  Cenovus.  The  Company  also  has  indemnification 
obligations under certain acquisition and divestiture activities it has undertaken. 

Ovintiv  cannot  determine  whether  it  will  be  required  to  indemnify  certain  counterparties  for  any  substantial 
obligations. Ovintiv also cannot be assured that, if a counterparty is required to indemnify Ovintiv and its affiliates 
for any substantial obligations, such counterparties will be able to satisfy such obligations. Any indemnification claims 
against  Ovintiv  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  the  transaction  agreements  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on 
Ovintiv. 

The Company could be adversely affected by security threats, including cyber-security threats and related 
disruptions. 

The Company has become increasingly dependent upon information technology systems to conduct daily operations. 
The Company depends on various information technology systems to estimate reserve quantities, process and record 
financial and operating data, analyze seismic and drilling information, and communicate with employees and third-
party partners. This growing dependence on technology is accompanied by greater sensitivity to  cyber-attacks and 
information systems breaches. Unauthorized access to information systems by employees or third parties could lead 
to  corruption  or  exposure  of  confidential,  fiduciary  or  proprietary  information,  interruption  to  communications  or 
operations or disruption to the Company’s business activities or its competitive position. In addition, the Company’s 
vendors, suppliers and other business partners may separately suffer disruptions as a result of such security breaches. 
The potential for such occurrences subjects the Company’s operations to increased risks that could have a material 
adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. To protect its information 
assets and systems, the Company applies technical and process controls, which are reviewed by the appropriate senior 
management with oversight from the Company’s Board of Directors. These controls are in line with industry standards 
and are reviewed annually with peer companies in order to guide Ovintiv’s focus on information security initiatives. 
However, these controls may not adequately prevent cyber-security breaches. 

There is no assurance that the Company will not suffer losses associated with cyber-security breaches in the future. 
As  cyber-attacks  continue  to evolve,  the  Company  may  be  required  to  expend  additional  resources  to  investigate, 
mitigate and remediate any potential vulnerabilities. The Company may also be subject to regulatory investigations or 
litigation relating to cyber-security issues. 

The Company’s operations may be affected by indigenous treaty, title and other rights. 

Indigenous peoples have claimed indigenous treaty, title and other rights in respect of areas within the United States 
and Canada. The Company is not aware of any material claims that have been made in respect of its properties or 
assets; however, the legal basis of an indigenous land claim is a matter of considerable legal complexity and the impact 
of the assertion of such a claim, or the possible effect of a settlement of such claim, upon the Company cannot be 
predicted with any degree of certainty. In addition, no assurance can be given that any recognition of indigenous rights 
or  claims  whether  by  way  of  a  negotiated  settlement  or  by  judicial  pronouncement  (or  through  the  grant  of  an 
injunction prohibiting exploration or development activities pending resolution of any such claim) would not delay or 
even  prevent  the  Company’s  exploration  and  development  activities.  If  a  material  claim  were  to  arise  and  be 
successful, such claim could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and 
results of operations. In addition, the process of addressing such claim, regardless of the outcome, could be expensive 
and time consuming and could result in delays which could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s 
business, financial condition and results of operations. 

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In addition to the foregoing, the Company may become subject to various laws and regulations that apply to operators 
and other parties operating within the boundaries of Native American reservations in the United States. These laws 
and  regulations  may  result  in  the  imposition  of  certain  fees,  taxes,  environmental  standards,  lease  conditions  or 
requirements to employ specified contractors or service providers. Any one of these requirements, or any delay in 
obtaining the approvals or permits necessary to operate within the boundaries of Native American tribal lands, could 
adversely impact the Company’s operations and ability to explore and develop new properties. 

Further, in Canada, the province of British Columbia enacted legislation to implement the United Nations Declaration 
on  the  Rights  of  Indigenous  Peoples  (“UNDRIP”)  in  the  fall  of  2019  and  the  Canadian  federal  government  has 
announced its intention to do the same. In British Columbia the legislation provides a framework for recognizing the 
constitutional and human rights of indigenous peoples and aligning British Columbia’s laws with the internationally 
recognized standards of UNDRIP. As the legislation is at an early stage of implementation, Ovintiv is unable to predict 
the total impact of the potential regulations upon its business. Although the Company does not anticipate any near-
term  impacts  to  its  business  as  a  result  of  such  legislation,  the  enactment  of  provincial  and  federal  legislation  to 
implement the standards of UNDRIP has the potential to increase permitting times and change the processes and costs 
associated with project development and operations. 

Ovintiv may fail to realize certain benefits of the Reorganization, including as a result of the shares of common 
stock of Ovintiv not being included in U.S. stock market indices or sold and/or not permitted to be held by certain 
Canadian-focused funds. 

The success of the Reorganization will depend, in part, on the ability of Ovintiv to realize the anticipated benefits 
associated with the Reorganization and associated reorganization of Ovintiv’s corporate structure, and Ovintiv may 
not be able to realize such benefits on a timely basis or at all. 

If shares of common stock of Ovintiv are not included in U.S. stock market indices, or are sold by certain retail and 
institutional shareholders or investment funds (including Canadian-focused funds) that cannot own shares of a U.S. 
company under their internal guidelines, this could result in increased selling pressure and/or decreased demand for 
our shares that would increase stock price volatility or cause the market price of the shares of common stock of Ovintiv 
to fall. As a result of the foregoing, certain of these investors may be required under their internal guidelines to sell 
their shares at times when, or at prices for which, they would otherwise not have sold. If an investor sells its shares at 
a time when the market price is lower than their cost basis in the shares, the investor will suffer a loss that could be 
significant to such investor. Further, given that inclusion and continued inclusion in a stock market index or fund is 
subject to numerous factors which can be applied subjectively by the entity managing the index or fund, there are no 
assurances that Ovintiv will be included in any U.S. stock market indices or funds in a timely manner, or at all. 

The Reorganization may result in material Canadian federal income tax (including material Canadian “emigration 
tax”) and/or material U.S. federal income tax for the Company.  

For Canadian federal income tax purposes, based on and subject to certain assumptions and estimates of fair market 
value,  the  Company  does  not  expect  the  Reorganization  to  give  rise  to  material  corporate-level  Canadian  federal 
income tax. However, the U.S. Domestication, which occurred as part of the Reorganization, caused Ovintiv to cease 
to be resident in Canada for the purpose of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and as a result Ovintiv was deemed to have 
a taxation year end immediately prior to the U.S. Domestication. Ovintiv was also deemed to have disposed of each 
of its properties immediately before its deemed taxation year end for proceeds of disposition equal to the fair market 
value of such properties and to have reacquired such properties immediately thereafter at a cost amount equal to fair 
market value. Ovintiv will be required to include in its taxable income under the Income Tax Act (Canada) any income 
and net taxable capital gains realized as a result of the deemed disposition of its properties. Ovintiv also will be subject 
to  an  additional  “emigration  tax”  on  the  amount  by  which  the  fair  market  value,  immediately  before  its  deemed 
taxation year end resulting from the Reorganization, of all of the properties owned by Ovintiv exceeds the total of 
certain of its liabilities and the paid-up capital of all the issued and outstanding shares of Ovintiv immediately before 
the deemed taxation year end.  

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While  the  Company  expects  that  the  deemed  disposition  of  Ovintiv’s  properties  that  occurred  as  part  of  the 
Reorganization and the computation relevant for emigration tax will not result in any material Canadian federal income 
tax (including material “emigration tax”) to Ovintiv at the estimates of fair market value, there is no certainty that the 
fair market value of the properties of Ovintiv as estimated will be accepted by Canadian federal tax authorities, which 
may result in additional taxes payable as a result of the Reorganization.  

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, based on and subject to certain assumptions and estimates of fair market value, 
the Company does not expect the Reorganization to give rise to material corporate-level U.S. federal income tax. 
However, Ovintiv could be subject to U.S. federal income taxation in connection with the U.S. Domestication to the 
extent, if any, that, at the time of such U.S. Domestication (a) the aggregate fair market value of all of the outstanding 
shares of common stock of Ovintiv exceeds (b) the U.S. tax basis in Ovintiv’s assets (computed under U.S. federal 
income tax principles) less liabilities assumed by Ovintiv. There can be no assurance that the fair market value of the 
shares of common stock of Ovintiv as estimated and the determination of Ovintiv’s U.S. tax basis in its assets will be 
accepted by the IRS or that the IRS will not otherwise challenge the Company’s position that it is not subject to U.S. 
federal income tax in connection with the Reorganization. 

Ovintiv’s effective tax rate may change in the future, including as a result of the U.S. Domestication. 

As a result of the U.S. Domestication, Ovintiv may be subject to current U.S. federal income taxes on the earnings of 
Ovintiv’s non-U.S. subsidiaries in a manner that may adversely impact the Company’s effective tax rate. In addition, 
recently  enacted  U.S.  tax  reform  legislation  has  significantly  changed  the  U.S.  federal  income  taxation  of  U.S. 
corporations,  including  by  reducing  the  U.S.  corporate  income  tax  rate,  limiting  interest  deductions,  permitting 
immediate expensing of certain capital expenditures, requiring current taxation of certain “global intangible low-taxed 
income” of non-U.S. subsidiaries (regardless of whether any distributions are made by such subsidiaries), adopting 
elements of a territorial tax system, revising the rules governing net operating losses, and introducing new anti-base 
erosion  provisions. The  legislation  is  unclear  in  many  respects  and  could be  subject  to potential  amendments  and 
technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the U.S. Treasury Department and 
the Internal Revenue Service, any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. 

In light of these factors, there can be no assurance that Ovintiv’s effective income tax rate will not change in future 
periods,  including  as  a result of  the  U.S.  Domestication,  which  could have  a  material  adverse  effect on  Ovintiv’s 
income tax position. 

The enforcement of rights against Ovintiv in Canada may be limited. 

Ovintiv  is  incorporated  in  Delaware  and  many  of  the  Company’s  directors,  officers  and  experts  reside  outside  of 
Canada. Accordingly, it may not be possible for Ovintiv stockholders to effect service of process within Canada upon 
Ovintiv  or  many of  its  directors,  officers  or  experts,  or  to enforce  judgments  obtained  in  Canadian  courts  against 
Ovintiv or many of its directors, officers or experts. 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 

None. 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings 

Ovintiv is involved in various legal claims and actions arising in the normal course of the Company’s operations. 
Although the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not expect these matters 
to have a material adverse effect on Ovintiv’s financial position, cash flows or results of operations. If an unfavourable 
outcome were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material impact on the Company’s consolidated net earnings 
or loss for the period in which the effect becomes reasonably estimable. See Item 1A. Risk Factors, “The Company is 
subject  to  claims,  litigation,  administrative  proceedings  and  regulatory  actions  that  may  not  be  resolved  in  the 
Company’s favour.” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

For additional information, see Note 27 of Ovintiv’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures  

Not applicable. 

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PART II 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities 

MARKET INFORMATION, STOCKHOLDERS, AND DIVIDEND INFORMATION 

Market Information 

Ovintiv’s shares of common stock are listed and posted for trading on the NYSE and TSX under the symbol “OVV”.  

Holders 

The Company is authorized to issue up to 775,000,000 shares of common stock consisting of: (i) 750,000,000 shares 
of common stock, par value US$0.01 per share, and (ii) 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value US$0.01 per 
share.  As  at  February  19,  2020,  there  were  259,821,141  shares  of  common  stock  outstanding  held  by  19,983 
stockholders of record, and no shares of preferred stock outstanding. 

Dividend Information 

In 2019, on a pre-Share Consolidation basis, the Company paid a quarterly dividend of US$0.01875 per share (2018: 
US$0.015  per  share)  and  US$0.075  per  share  annually  (2018:  US$0.06  per  share  annually).  On  a  post-Share 
Consolidation  basis,  the  Company’s  quarterly  dividend  payment  was  US$0.09375 per  share  (2018:  US$0.075  per 
share) and US$0.375 per share annually (2018: US$0.30 per share annually) in 2019. On February 19, 2020 the Board 
of Directors declared a dividend of US$0.09375 per share of Ovintiv common stock payable on March 31, 2020.   

Dividend payments are not guaranteed and the amount of cash to be distributed as dividends in the future may change. 
Any decision to pay dividends will be determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors after consideration of 
numerous factors including: (i) the earnings of the Company; (ii) financial requirements for the Company’s operations; 
(iii) the satisfaction by the Company of dividend requirements in the DGCL; and (iv) any agreements relating to the 
Company’s indebtedness that restrict the declaration and payment of dividends. See Item 1A. Risk Factors of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K, “The decision to pay dividends and the amount of such dividends is subject to the 
discretion  of  the  Board  of  Directors  based  on  numerous  factors  and  may  vary  from  time  to  time”.  The  Company 
currently pays dividends quarterly to stockholders of record as of the 15th day (or the previous business day) of the 
last month of each calendar quarter, with the last business day of the same month being the corresponding payment 
date. 

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS 

Information concerning securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is set forth in the Proxy 
Statement relating to the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PERSONS  

There were no purchases of equity securities by the issuer during the three months ended December 31, 2019. 

RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED EQUITY SECURITIES  

None. 

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PERFORMANCE GRAPH  

The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” 
with the SEC, nor shall information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 
1933,  as amended  (the  “Securities  Act”)  or  the  Exchange Act,  except  to  the  extent  that the  Company  specifically 
incorporates it by reference into such filing. 

The following graph compares the cumulative five-year total return to stockholders of the Company’s common shares 
relative to the cumulative total returns of the S&P Composite Index and a peer group of  24 comparable companies 
operating  in  the  same  industry  as  the  Company  on  December  31  for  each  of  the  years  indicated.  The  companies 
included  in  the  peer  group  are:  Antero  Resources  Corporation;  Apache  Corporation;  Baytex  Energy  Corporation; 
Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation; Canadian Natural Resources Ltd.; Chesapeake Energy Corporation; Concho Resources 
Inc.;  Continental  Resources  Inc.;  Crescent  Point  Energy  Corporation;  Devon  Energy  Corporation;  Enerplus 
Corporation; EOG Resources Inc.; EP Energy Corporation; Hess Corporation; Marathon Oil Corporation; Murphy Oil 
Corporation; Noble Energy Inc.; Obsidian Energy Ltd.; Pengrowth Energy Corporation; Pioneer Natural Resources 
Company;  Range  Resources  Corporation;  Southwestern  Energy  Company;  Vermilion  Energy  Inc.;  and  Whiting 
Petroleum Corporation. The graph was prepared assuming $100 was invested on December 31, 2014 in the Company’s 
common  shares,  the  S&P  500  and  the  peer  groups,  and  dividends  have  been  reinvested  subsequent  to  the  initial 
investment. The graph is included for historical comparative purposes only and should not be considered indicative 
of future share performance. 

Comparison of 5-Year Cumulative Total Return Among 
the Company, the S&P 500 and a Peer Group 

5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL SHAREHOLDER RETURN 
(NYSE)
(US$100 Invested in Base Period)

$200

$180

$160

$140

$120

$100

$80

$60

$40

$20

$0

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

The Company

PSU Peer Group Average

S&P 500

S&P TSX Composite (TSX) $CAD

Fiscal Year Ended December 31 
The Company 
Peer Group 
S&P 500 

2014 
$   100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

2015 
$   38.00 
53.00 
101.00 

2016 
$   88.00 
80.00 
113.00 

2017 
$   101.00 
70.00 
138.00 

2018 
$   44.00 
48.00 
132.00 

2019 
$   36.00 
47.00 
174.00 

44 

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Item 6: Selected Financial Data 

The following table sets forth selected financial data of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries over the five-
year period ended December 31, 2019, which has been derived from the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial 
Statements. The financial information below should be read in conjunction with Item  7 and Item 8 of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K. 

Year Ended December 31 (US$ millions, unless otherwise specified) 

2019     

2018     

2017     

2016     

2015   

Statement of Earnings Data (1) 
Revenues 
Impairments 
Operating Income (Loss) 
Gain (Loss) on Divestitures, Net 
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders 

Per Share Data (2) 
Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share Basic & Diluted 
Dividends Declared per Common Share 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding Basic & Diluted (millions) 

Balance Sheet Data (1) 
Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Total Assets 
Finance Lease Obligations and The Bow Office Building (3) 
Long-Term Debt, Including Current Portion 
Total Shareholders’ Equity 

Statement of Cash Flow Data (1) 
Cash From (Used In) Operating Activities 
Non-GAAP Cash Flow (4) 
Capital Expenditures 
Net Acquisitions & (Divestitures) 

Foreign Exchange Rates (US$ per C$1) 
Average 
Period End 

Production Volumes 
Oil (Mbbls/d) 
Total NGLs (Mbbls/d) (5) 
Total Oil & NGLs (Mbbls/d) 
Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 
Total Production (MBOE/d) 

-        

   6,726         5,939         4,443         2,918         4,422   
-         1,396         6,473   
598         1,694         1,068         (1,881 )       (6,298 ) 
390        
14   
(944 )       (5,165 ) 

5        
234         1,069        

404        
827        

3        

-        

(5.35 )       (31.42 ) 
0.90        
   0.375        
1.40   
0.30        
   261.2         192.0         194.6         176.5         164.4   

4.25        
0.30        

5.57        
0.30        

719        

190         1,058        

271   
   21,487         15,344         15,267         14,653         15,614   
121         1,435         1,639         1,570         1,591   
   6,974         4,198         4,197         4,198         5,333   
   9,930         7,447         6,728         6,126         6,167   

834        

625         1,681   
   2,921         2,300         1,050        
   2,931         2,115         1,343        
838         1,430   
   2,626         1,975         1,796         1,132         2,232   
(682 )       (1,052 )       (1,838 ) 

(476 )      

(132 )      

   0.754     
   0.770     

0.772     
0.733     

0.771     
0.797     

0.755     
0.745     

0.782   
0.723   

89.9        
78.2        

   164.4        
87.0   
46.4   
   137.5        
   301.9         168.1         129.1         122.1         133.4   
   1,577         1,158         1,104         1,383         1,635   
   564.9         361.2         313.2         352.7         405.9   

76.3        
52.8        

73.7        
48.4        

Commodity Prices, Including Realized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management      
Oil ($/bbl) 
Total NGLs ($/bbl) (5) 
Oil & NGLs ($/bbl) 
Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 
Total ($/BOE) 

   57.40         56.84         49.76         48.68         49.68   
   28.63         37.21         34.72         23.90         21.66   
   44.29         47.71         43.61         38.85         39.93   
3.89   
   30.05         31.06         26.51         21.69         28.81   

2.28        

2.42        

2.76        

2.10        

(1) 

Items that affect the comparability of the above five-year selected financial data include the January 1, 2019 adoption of ASC Topic 842, 
Leases, and the Newfield acquisition as described in Notes 1 and 8, respectively, of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 
8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

(2)  Per share data reflects the Share Consolidation as described in Note 1 of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this 

Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

(3)  Upon adoption of ASC Topic 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019, The Bow office building was determined to be an operating lease as described 

in Note 1 of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

(4)  Non-GAAP Cash Flow is a non-GAAP measure and has no standardized meaning under U.S. GAAP. It is used by Management and investors 
to help assist in measuring Ovintiv’s ability to finance capital programs and meet financial obligations. It is not intended to replace cash from 
(used in) operating activities as a measure. Non-GAAP Cash Flow is defined and reconciled in the Non-GAAP Measures section under Item 
7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.  

(5)   Includes plant condensate. 

Supplemental Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) 

See  Note  30  of  the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial  Statements under  Item 8 of this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K. 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

The MD&A is intended to provide a narrative description of the Company’s business from management’s perspective. 
This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying 
notes for the period ended December 31, 2019 (“Consolidated Financial Statements”), which are included  in Item 8 
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

On January 24, 2020, Encana Corporation (“Encana”) completed a corporate reorganization, which included a Share 
Consolidation, as described in Items 1 and 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Subsequent Event section of this MD&A. 
Subsequent to the corporate reorganization, Ovintiv Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Ovintiv”) continue to carry 
on the business which was previously conducted by Encana and its subsidiaries. References to the “Company” are to 
Encana  Corporation  and  its  subsidiaries  prior  to  the  completion  of  the  Reorganization  and  to  Ovintiv  Inc.  and  its 
subsidiaries following the completion of the Reorganization. 

Common  industry  terms  and  abbreviations  are  used  throughout  this  MD&A  and  are  defined  in  the  Definitions, 
Conversions  and  Conventions  sections  of  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K.  This  MD&A  includes  the  following 
sections: 

•  Executive Overview 
•  Results of Operations 
•  Liquidity and Capital Resources 
•  Accounting Policies and Estimates 
•  Non-GAAP Measures 

Executive Overview 

Strategy 

By executing on its strategy as outlined in Items 1 and 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Ovintiv focuses on 
enhancing long-term shareholder value and generating cash flow growth from high margin, scalable, top tier assets 
located in some of the best plays in North America, referred to as the “Core Assets”. As at December 31, 2019, the 
Core Assets comprised Permian and Anadarko in the U.S., and Montney in Canada. These top tier assets form a multi-
basin portfolio of oil, NGLs and natural gas producing plays enabling flexible and efficient investment of capital that 
support sustainable cash flow generation.  The Company’s other upstream assets, including Eagle Ford, Duvernay, 
Bakken (previously referred to as Williston) and Uinta, continue to deliver operating cash flows for the Company. 

In executing its strategy, Ovintiv focuses on its core values of One, Agile and Driven, which guide the organization 
to be flexible, responsive, innovative  and determined. The Company is committed to excellence  with a passion to 
drive corporate financial performance and succeed as a team. 

For additional information on reporting segments and the plays in which the Company operates, refer to Items 1 and 
2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. On February 13, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Newfield 
Exploration Company (“Newfield”); as such, the post-acquisition results of operations of Newfield are included in the 
Company’s consolidated results beginning February 14, 2019. For additional information on the business combination 
and segmented results, refer to Notes 8 and 2, respectively, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 
8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

In evaluating its operations and assessing its leverage,  Ovintiv reviews performance-based measures such as Non-
GAAP  Cash  Flow,  Non-GAAP  Cash  Flow  Margin,  Total  Costs  and  debt-based  metrics  such  as  Debt  to  Adjusted 
Capitalization and Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP measures and do not have any standardized 
meaning under U.S. GAAP. These measures may not be similar to measures presented by other issuers and should not 
be viewed as a substitute for measures reported under U.S. GAAP. Additional information regarding these measures, 
including reconciliations  to  the  closest  GAAP  measure,  can  be  found  in  the  Non-GAAP  Measures  section  of  this 
MD&A. 

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For the period ended December 31, 2019, the Company elected to exclude from this MD&A the discussion of the 
results of operations for the period ended December 31, 2017, being the  earliest of the three years included in the 
Consolidated Financial Statements, as set forth in the SEC’s amendment to Item 303 of Regulation S-K, which was 
effective  May  2,  2019.  For  additional  information  on  the  Company’s  financial  condition,  changes  in  financial 
condition and results of operations for the period ended December 31, 2017, refer to Item 7 of the 2018 Annual Report 
on Form 10-K. 

Highlights 

During 2019, the Company met or exceeded all of the targets set in its full year 2019 guidance by executing its 2019 
capital plan, generating cash from operating activities and returning capital to shareholders through dividends and 
share buybacks. Subsequent to the successful completion of the Newfield acquisition, the Company fully integrated 
the businesses and captured synergies that exceeded previously announced expectations. Higher upstream product 
revenues  in  2019  compared  to  2018  resulted  from  higher  production  volumes,  partially  offset  by  lower  average 
realized prices, excluding the impact of risk management activities. Total production volumes increased 56 percent 
compared to 2018 primarily due to the Newfield acquisition and successful drilling programs. Decreases in average 
realized  liquids  and  natural  gas  prices  of  20 percent  and  12  percent,  respectively,  were  primarily  due  to  lower 
benchmark  prices.  The  Company  continued  to  focus  on  optimizing  realized  prices  from  the  diversification  of  the 
Company’s downstream markets. 

Significant Developments 

••  Completed the acquisition of all issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Newfield on February 13, 
2019,  whereby  the  Company  issued  approximately  543.4  million  common  shares,  on  a  pre-Share 
Consolidation basis. The acquired operations are focused on the development of oil-rich properties primarily 
located  in  the  Anadarko  Basin  in  Oklahoma.  Following  the  acquisition,  Newfield’s  senior  notes  totaling 
$2.45 billion remain outstanding. 

••  Purchased,  for  cancellation,  approximately  196.7  million  common  shares,  on  a  pre-Share  Consolidation 
basis,  for  total  consideration  of  approximately  $1,250  million,  thereby  fully  executing  the  Company’s 
previously announced NCIB and substantial issuer bid. 

••  Terminated  the  production  sharing  contract  with  China  National  Offshore  Oil  Corporation  (“CNOOC”), 
which governed the Company’s China Operations, effective July 31, 2019. Subsequently, the Company no 
longer has operations in China. 

••  Completed  the  sale  of  the  Company’s  Arkoma  natural  gas  assets  on  August  27,  2019,  comprising 
approximately 140,000 net acres in Oklahoma, for proceeds of $155 million, after closing adjustments. 

Financial Results 

•  Reported net earnings of $234 million, including a net loss on risk management in revenues of $361 million, 
before tax, restructuring charges of $138 million, before tax, net foreign exchange gains of $119 million, 
before tax, and acquisition costs of $33 million, before tax. 

•  Generated cash from operating activities of $2,921 million, Non-GAAP Cash Flow of $2,931 million and 
Non-GAAP  Cash  Flow  Margin  of  $14.21  per  BOE.  Cash  from  operating  activities  exceeded  capital 
expenditures by $295 million. 

•  Held cash and cash equivalents of $190 million and had $4.0 billion in available credit facilities, of which 
the Company’s $2.5 billion revolving credit facility supported the issuance of $698 million of commercial 
paper at year end. 

•  Achieved Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA of 2.0 times. 

•  Returned  capital  to  shareholders  through  the  purchase,  for  cancellation,  of  approximately  196.7  million 
common  shares,  on  a  pre-Share  Consolidation  basis.  The  Company  also  paid  dividends  of  $0.075  per 
common share, on a pre-Share Consolidation basis, totaling $102 million. 

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Capital Investment 

•  Reported  total  capital  spending  of  $2,626  million  which  was  within  the  full  year  2019  guidance  of 

$2.55 billion to $2.65 billion. 

•  Directed $2,030 million, or 77 percent, of total capital spending to the Core Assets. 

•  Reduced well costs in Anadarko through the deployment of cube development by approximately $1.9 million 
per well in 2019 compared to Newfield’s 2018 well costs, exceeding the Company’s previously announced 
expected savings of $1 million per well. 

•  Focused  on  highly  efficient  capital  activity  and  short-cycle  high  margin  projects  providing  flexibility  to 

respond to fluctuations in commodity prices. 

Production 

•  Average  liquids  and  natural  gas  production  volumes  exceeded  the  full  year  2019  guidance  ranges  of 

297.0 Mbbls/d to 301.0 Mbbls/d and 1,560 MMcf/d to 1,575 MMcf/d, respectively. 

•  Produced  average  liquids  volumes  of  301.9  Mbbls/d  which  accounted  for  53  percent  of  total  production 
volumes. Average oil and plant condensate production volumes of 217.3 Mbbls/d were 72 percent of total 
liquids production volumes. 

•  Produced average natural gas volumes of 1,577 MMcf/d which accounted for 47 percent of total production 

volumes. 

Revenues and Operating Expenses 

•  Focused  on  market  diversification  to  optimize  realized  commodity  prices  and  revenues  through  a 

combination of derivative financial instruments and physical transportation contracts. 

•  Continued to utilize pipeline transportation capacity to the Houston and Dawn markets, thereby benefiting 

from reduced exposure to Midland, Waha and AECO differentials. 

• 

Incurred Total Costs of $12.59 per BOE, a decrease compared to 2018 of $0.41 per BOE, outperforming the 
expected  full  year  2019  guidance  range  of  $12.60  per  BOE  to  $12.90  per  BOE.  Total  Costs  includes 
production,  mineral  and  other  property  taxes,  upstream  transportation  and  processing  expense,  upstream 
operating expense and administrative expense. Total Costs excludes the impact of long-term incentive and 
restructuring costs. Significant items impacting Total Costs in 2019 include: 

o  Lower upstream transportation and processing expense in 2019 compared to 2018 of $0.80 per BOE 
primarily due to the higher proportion of total production volumes from the USA Operations, which 
benefit from lower than average per BOE transportation and processing costs. Production volumes 
in the USA Operations were higher in 2019 compared to 2018 due to the Newfield acquisition; and 

o  Higher administrative expense, excluding long-term incentive costs and restructuring costs, in 2019 
compared to 2018 of $0.16 per BOE primarily due to the change in accounting treatment for The 
Bow office building.  Additional information on the adoption of ASC Topic 842 can be found in 
Notes 1 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K. 

•  Reduced  operating  and  administrative  costs  through  workforce  reductions  and  operating  efficiencies  by 
$200 million on an annualized basis, compared to the combined costs of Newfield and the Company prior to 
the  acquisition.  These  synergies  surpass  the  Company’s  original  estimate  of  $125  million  and  exclude 
restructuring costs incurred in 2019. Total restructuring costs incurred were $138 million. 

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Subsequent Event 

On  January  24,  2020,  Encana  completed  a  corporate  reorganization,  which  included  a  plan  of  arrangement  (the 
“Arrangement”)  that  involved,  among  other  things,  a  share  consolidation  by  Encana  on  the  basis  of  one  post-
consolidation share for each five pre-consolidation shares (the “Share Consolidation”), and Ovintiv Inc. ultimately 
acquired  all of  the  issued  and  outstanding  common  shares of  Encana  in  exchange  for  shares  of  common  stock  of 
Ovintiv Inc. on a one-for-one basis. Following completion of the Arrangement, Ovintiv Inc. migrated from Canada 
and became a Delaware corporation, domiciled in the U.S. (the “U.S. Domestication”). The Arrangement and the U.S. 
Domestication together are referred to as the “Reorganization”. Ovintiv continues to carry on business previously 
conducted by Encana and its subsidiaries prior to the completion of the Reorganization. Additional information on the 
Reorganization can be found in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K. 

2020 Outlook 

Industry Outlook 

The oil and gas industry is cyclical and commodity prices are inherently volatile. Oil prices during 2020 are expected 
to  reflect  global  supply  and  demand  dynamics  as  well  as  the  geopolitical  and  macroeconomic  environment.  At  a 
meeting  in  December  2019,  OPEC  and  certain  non-OPEC  countries  (collectively  “OPEC”)  agreed  to  deepen  and 
extend  crude  oil  production  cuts,  originally  instated  in  January 2019,  through  the  first  quarter  of  2020  seeking  to 
balance the global oil market in response to changing fundamentals. Risks to the global economy, including trade 
disputes, U.S. sanctions policy, U.S. production growth and potential oil supply outages in major producing countries 
resulting from geopolitical instability, could further contribute to price volatility in 2020. OPEC is scheduled to meet 
again  in  March 2020  to  review  production  levels  which  could  potentially  result  in  other  supply  adjustments  and 
contribute to price fluctuations. 

Natural gas prices in 2020 will be affected by the timing of supply and demand growth and the effects of seasonal 
weather.  Potential  for  improvement  in  longer-term  U.S.  natural  gas  prices  remains  limited  as  production  growth 
continues to create additional downward pressure on U.S. natural gas prices. Despite a strengthening AECO price 
relative to NYMEX, natural gas prices in western Canada are expected to remain low due to the weak NYMEX price 
environment. 

Company Outlook 

Ovintiv is well positioned in the current price environment to balance liquids growth while generating cash flows in 
excess  of  capital  expenditures.  The  Company  enters  into  derivative  financial  instruments  which  mitigate  price 
volatility and help sustain revenues during periods of lower prices. A portion of the Company’s production is sold at 
prevailing market prices which also allows  Ovintiv to participate in potential price  increases. As at  December 31, 
2019,  the  Company  has  hedged  approximately  165  Mbbls/d  of  expected  crude  oil  and  condensate  production  and 
1,188  MMcf/d  of  expected  natural  gas  production  for  2020.  Additional  information  on  the  Company’s  hedging 
program can be found in Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K. 

Markets for crude oil and natural gas are exposed to different price risks. While the market price for crude oil tends to 
move  in the same direction as the global market,  regional differentials may develop. Natural gas prices may vary 
between  geographic  regions  depending  on  local  supply  and  demand  conditions.  Ovintiv  proactively  utilizes 
transportation contracts to diversify the Company’s sales markets, thereby reducing significant exposure to any given 
market. Through a combination of derivative financial instruments and transportation capacity, Ovintiv continues to 
limit exposure to regional pricing in 2020. 

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Capital Investment 

Total  anticipated  2020  capital  investment  of  approximately  $2.7  billion  is  expected  to  be  funded  from  2020  cash 
generated from operating activities. Capital investment is expected to be primarily allocated to the Core Assets with a 
focus on maximizing returns from high margin liquids and to other upstream assets to optimize operating free cash 
flows. In 2020, the Company expects to generate cash flows in excess of capital expenditures. 

Ovintiv  continually  strives  to  improve  well  performance  and  lower  costs  through  innovative  techniques.  The 
Company's  large-scale  cube  development  model  utilizes  multi-well  pads  and  advanced  completion  designs  to 
maximize returns and resource recovery from its reservoirs. The impact of Ovintiv’s disciplined capital program and 
continuous innovation create flexibility to allocate capital in changing commodity markets and to continue growing 
cash flows. 

Production  

In 2020, Ovintiv expects liquids production volumes of 318.0 Mbbls/d to 332.0 Mbbls/d and natural gas production 
volumes of 1,520 MMcf/d to 1,580 MMcf/d. 

Operating Expenses 

For 2020, Ovintiv expects Total Costs of $12.20 per BOE to $12.50 per BOE which includes production, mineral and 
other taxes, upstream transportation and processing expense, upstream operating expense and administrative expense. 
Total Costs excludes the impact of long-term incentive costs. Ovintiv expects to continue pursuing innovative ways 
to reduce upstream operating and administrative expenses and expects efficiency improvements and effective supply 
chain management, including favorable price negotiations, to offset any inflationary pressures. 

Additional  information  on  Ovintiv’s  2020  Corporate  Guidance  can  be  accessed  on  the  Company’s  website  at 
www.ovintiv.com. 

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Results of Operations 

Selected Financial Information 

 ($ millions) 

Product and Service Revenues 

Upstream product revenues 
Market optimization 
Service revenues 

Total Product and Service Revenues 

Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, Net 
Sublease Revenues 
Total Revenues 

Total Operating Expenses (1) 
Operating Income (Loss) 
Total Other (Income) Expenses 
Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax 
Income Tax Expense (Recovery) 

2019     

2018   

   $ 

5,847      $ 
1,159        
7        
7,013        

(361 )      
74        
6,726        

6,128        
598        
283        
315        
81        

4,223   
1,224   
10   
5,457   

415   
67   
5,939   

4,245   
1,694   
531   
1,163   
94   

1,069   

Net Earnings (Loss) 

   $ 

234      $ 

(1)  Total Operating Expenses include non-cash items such as DD&A, accretion of asset retirement obligations and long-term incentive costs. 

Subsequent to the completion of the Newfield acquisition on February 13, 2019, the post-acquisition results of the 
operations of Newfield are included in the Company’s consolidated results beginning February 14, 2019. As a result 
of the business combination and the addition of the Anadarko asset to the Company’s portfolio, the Core Assets were 
redefined to include Permian and Anadarko in the U.S. and Montney in Canada. The 2018 Core Assets production 
presentation has been updated to align with the Company’s 2019 Core Assets and reflects Permian and Montney. 

Revenues 

Ovintiv’s revenues are substantially derived from sales of oil, NGLs and natural gas production. Increases or decreases 
in Ovintiv’s revenue, profitability and future production are highly dependent on the commodity prices the Company 
receives. Prices are market driven and fluctuate due to factors beyond the  Company’s control, such as supply and 
demand, seasonality and geopolitical and economic factors. The USA Operations realized prices generally reflect WTI 
and  NYMEX  benchmark  prices,  as  well  as  other  downstream  oil  benchmarks,  including  Houston.  The  Canadian 
Operations realized prices are linked to Edmonton Condensate and AECO, as well as other downstream natural gas 
benchmarks,  including  Dawn.  The  other  downstream  benchmarks  reflect  the  diversification  of  the  Company’s 
markets. Recent trends in benchmark prices relevant to the Company are shown in the table below. 

Benchmark Prices 

 (average for the period) 

Oil & NGLs 

WTI ($/bbl) 
Houston ($/bbl) 
Edmonton Condensate (C$/bbl) 

Natural Gas 

NYMEX ($/MMBtu) 
AECO (C$/Mcf) 
Dawn (C$/MMBtu) 

   $ 

   $ 

2019      

2018   

57.03       $ 
62.12         
70.15         

2.63       $ 
1.62         
3.19         

64.77   
69.00   
78.88   

3.09   
1.53   
4.07   

51 

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Production Volumes and Realized Prices 

Production Volumes (1) 

2019      

2018         

Realized Prices (2) 
2019      

2018      

Oil (Mbbls/d, $/bbl) 
USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
China Operations (3) 
Total 

NGLs – Plant Condensate (Mbbls/d, $/bbl) 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Total 

NGLs – Other (Mbbls/d, $/bbl) 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Total 

Total Oil & NGLs (Mbbls/d, $/bbl) 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
China Operations (3) 
Total 

Natural Gas (MMcf/d, $/Mcf) 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Total 

Total Production (MBOE/d, $/BOE) 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
China Operations (3) 
Total 

Production Mix (%) 

Oil & Plant Condensate 
NGLs – Other 
Total Oil & NGLs 
Natural Gas 

Production Growth – Year Over Year (%) (4) 

Total Oil & NGLs 
Natural Gas 
Total Production 

Core Assets Production (5) 

Oil (Mbbls/d) 
NGLs – Plant Condensate (Mbbls/d) 
NGLs – Other (Mbbls/d) 
Total Oil & NGLs (Mbbls/d) 
Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 
Total Production (MBOE/d) 
% of Total Production 

56.19      $ 
53.19        
66.37        
56.27        

44.05        
51.79        
50.25        

11.44        
11.11        
11.37        

43.04        
40.36        
66.37        
42.63        

1.90        
2.01        
1.97        

34.36        
19.35        
66.37        
28.29        

64.05     
52.54     
-     
64.00     

52.33     
56.31     
55.92     

23.39     
27.32     
24.79     

55.03     
48.08     
-     
52.98     

2.28     
2.24     
2.25     

47.80     
21.34     
-     
31.86     

162.3        
0.6        
1.5        
164.4        

10.5        
42.4        
52.9        

67.9        
16.7        
84.6        

240.7        
59.7        
1.5        
301.9        

547        
1,030        
1,577        

331.9        
231.5        
1.5        
564.9        

38        
15        
53        
47        

80        
36        
56        

109.3        
44.7        
73.8        
227.8        
1,353        
453.5        
80        

89.5         $ 
0.4           
-           
89.9           

3.8           
35.2           
39.0           

25.2           
14.0           
39.2           

118.5           
49.6           
-           
168.1           

151           
1,007           
1,158           

143.7           
217.5           
-           
361.2           

36           
11           
47           
53           

30           
5           
15           

59.1           
30.7           
30.0           
119.8           
980           
283.0           
78           

(1)  Average daily. 
(2)  Average per-unit prices, excluding the impact of risk management activities. 
(3)   The Company acquired its China Operations as part of the Newfield business combination on February 13, 2019. Subsequently, the Company 
terminated  its  production sharing  contract  with  CNOOC  and  exited  its China  Operations  effective  July 31, 2019.  Production  from China 
Operations is presented for the period from February 14, 2019 through July 31, 2019. 
Includes production impacts of acquisitions and divestitures. 

(4) 
(5)  Core Assets production presentation aligns with the Company’s 2019 Core Assets, which include Permian, Anadarko and Montney.  Core 

Assets production for 2018 has been updated and reflects Permian and Montney. 

52 

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Upstream Product Revenues 

 ($ millions) 

2018 Upstream Product Revenues 
Increase (decrease) due to: 

Sales prices 
Production volumes 

NGLs - 
Plant 
Condensate   

Oil      

NGLs - 

Other     

Natural 

Gas     

Total (1)   

   $ 

2,100      

$ 

797   

   $ 

355      $ 

952      $ 

4,204   

2019 Upstream Product Revenues 

   $ 

(184 )   
1,460      
3,376      

$ 

(85 ) 
259   
971   

   $ 

(205 )   
201     
351      $ 

(129 )   
313     
1,136      $ 

(603 ) 
2,233   
5,834   

(1)  Revenues for 2019 exclude certain other revenue and royalty adjustments with no associated production volumes of $13 million (2018 - 

royalty adjustments of $19 million). 

Oil Revenues 

2019 versus 2018 

Oil revenues increased $1,276 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  Higher average oil production volumes of 74.5 Mbbls/d increased revenues by $1,460 million. Higher volumes 
were primarily due to the Newfield acquisition (64.9 Mbbls/d) and successful drilling programs in Anadarko, 
Permian and Bakken (15.6 Mbbls/d), partially offset by natural declines in Eagle Ford (3.2 Mbbls/d) and the 
sale of the San Juan assets in the fourth quarter of 2018 (2.3 Mbbls/d); and 

•  Lower average realized oil prices of $7.73 per bbl, or 12 percent, decreased revenues by $184 million. The 
decrease reflected lower WTI and Houston benchmark prices which were down 12 percent and 10 percent, 
respectively, partially offset by strengthening regional pricing relative to the WTI benchmark price in the USA 
Operations. 

NGL Revenues 

2019 versus 2018 

NGL revenues increased $170 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  Higher  average  plant  condensate  production  volumes  of  13.9  Mbbls/d  increased revenues  by  $259  million. 
Higher volumes were primarily due to successful drilling programs in Montney and  Anadarko (9.4 Mbbls/d) 
and the Newfield acquisition (4.9 Mbbls/d); and 

•  Higher average other NGL production volumes of 45.4 Mbbls/d increased revenues by $201 million. Higher 
volumes were primarily due to  the Newfield acquisition (31.3 Mbbls/d) and  successful drilling programs in 
Anadarko, Montney and Permian (15.3 Mbbls/d); 

partially offset by: 

•  Lower average realized other NGL prices of $13.42 per bbl, or 54 percent, decreased revenues by $205 million 

reflecting lower other NGL benchmark prices and lower regional pricing; and 

•  Lower  average  realized  plant  condensate  prices  of  $5.67  per  bbl,  or  10  percent,  decreased  revenues  by 
$85 million. The decrease reflected lower WTI and Edmonton Condensate benchmark prices which were down 
12 percent and 11 percent, respectively, partially offset by fluctuations in regional pricing relative to the WTI 
and Edmonton Condensate benchmark prices. 

Natural Gas Revenues 

2019 versus 2018 

Natural gas revenues increased $184 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  Higher average natural gas production volumes of 419 MMcf/d increased revenues by $313 million primarily 
due  to  the  Newfield  acquisition  (368  MMcf/d)  and  successful  drilling  programs  in  Montney,  Anadarko, 
Permian and Bakken (82 MMcf/d), partially offset by lower production in Other Upstream Operations primarily 

53 

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due  to  natural  declines  (23 MMcf/d)  and  the  sale  of  the  San  Juan  assets  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018 
(8 MMcf/d); and 

•  Lower average realized natural gas prices of $0.28 per Mcf, or 12 percent, decreased revenues by $129 million 
reflecting  lower  Dawn  and  NYMEX  benchmark  prices  which  were  down  22  percent  and  15 percent, 
respectively, partially offset by a higher proportion of total production volumes in the USA Operations with 
higher regional pricing resulting from the Newfield acquisition and a higher AECO benchmark price which 
was up six percent. 

Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, Net 

As a means of managing commodity price volatility, Ovintiv enters into commodity derivative financial instruments 
on a portion of its expected oil, NGL and natural gas production volumes. The Company’s commodity price mitigation 
program reduces volatility and helps sustain revenues during periods of lower prices. Additional information on the 
Company’s commodity price positions as at December 31, 2019 can be found in Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

The following table provides the effects of the Company’s risk management activities on revenues.  

Realized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management 

Commodity Price (1) 
Oil ($/bbl) 
NGLs - Plant Condensate ($/bbl) 
NGLs - Other ($/bbl) 
Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 

   $ 

Other (2) 
Total ($/BOE) 

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management 
Total Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, Net 

   $ 

$ millions 
2019   

2018   

Per-Unit 

2019   

68      $ 
33        
82        
180        
6        
369        

(730 )      
(361 )    $ 

     $ 
     $ 
     $ 
     $ 
     $ 
     $ 

(235 )   
(91 )   
2     
218     
2     
(104 )   

519     
415     

1.13      $ 
1.70      $ 
2.67      $ 
0.31      $ 
-      $ 
1.76      $ 

2018   

(7.16 ) 
(6.36 ) 
0.14   
0.51   
-   
(0.80 ) 

Includes realized gains and losses related to the USA and Canadian Operations. 

(1) 
(2)  Other  primarily includes  realized gains or losses  from Market  Optimization  and other  derivative  contracts  with no  associated  production 

volumes. 

Ovintiv recognizes fair value changes from its risk management activities each reporting period. The changes in fair 
value result from new positions and settlements that occur during each period, as well as the relationship between 
contract prices and the associated forward curves. Realized gains or losses on risk management activities related to 
commodity  price  mitigation  are  included  in  the  USA  Operations,  Canadian  Operations  and  Market  Optimization 
revenues as the contracts are cash settled. Unrealized gains or losses on fair value changes of unsettled contracts are 
included in the Corporate and Other segment. 

Market Optimization Revenues 

Market Optimization product revenues relate to activities that provide operational flexibility and cost mitigation for 
transportation commitments, product type, delivery points and customer diversification. The Company also purchases 
and  sells  third-party  volumes  under  long-term  marketing  arrangements  associated  with  the  Company’s  previous 
divestitures. 

 ($ millions) 

Market Optimization 

2019 versus 2018 

2019      

2018   

   $ 

1,159       $ 

1,224   

Market Optimization product revenues decreased $65 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  Lower  benchmark  prices  ($232 million)  and  lower  sales  of  third-party  purchased  natural  gas  volumes 

($44 million); 

54 

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partially offset by: 

•  Higher sales of third-party purchased liquids volumes ($211 million) due to: 

o  Changing market conditions resulting in additional third-party purchases to meet sales commitments in 

the Canadian Operations in the first quarter of 2019; and 

o  Price optimization activities and additional third-party purchases to meet sales commitments in the USA 

Operations in the third quarter of 2019. 

Sublease Revenues 

Sublease  revenues  primarily  include  amounts  related  to  the  sublease  of  office  space  in  The  Bow  office  building 
recorded in the Corporate and Other segment. Additional information on office sublease income can be found in Note 
14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Operating Expenses 

Production, Mineral and Other Taxes 

Production, mineral and other taxes include production and property taxes. Production taxes are generally assessed as 
a percentage of oil, NGLs and natural gas production revenues. Property taxes are generally assessed based on the 
value of the underlying assets. 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Total 

2019 versus 2018 

$ millions 
2019     

238      $ 
16        
254      $ 

2018   

131   
16   
147   

     $ 
     $ 
     $ 

$/BOE 
2019     

1.96      $ 
0.19      $ 
1.23      $ 

2018   

2.50   
0.20   
1.11   

   $ 

   $ 

Production, mineral and other taxes increased $107 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  Higher production volumes and property values resulting from the Newfield acquisition ($115 million) and 

higher production volumes and assessed property values in Permian ($14 million);  

partially offset by: 

•  Lower production tax mainly as a result of lower commodity prices ($16 million) and the sale of the San Juan 

assets in the fourth quarter of 2018 ($6 million). 

Transportation and Processing  

Transportation and processing expense includes transportation costs incurred to move product from production points 
to sales points including gathering, compression, pipeline tariffs, trucking and storage costs. Ovintiv also incurs costs 
related to processing provided by third parties or through ownership interests in processing facilities to bring raw 
production to sales-quality product. 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Upstream Transportation and Processing 

Market Optimization 
Total 

   $ 

   $ 

$ millions 
2019   

466      $ 
859        
1,325        

233        
1,558      $ 

2018      

124     
828     
952     

     $ 
     $ 
     $ 

131     
1,083     

$/BOE 

2019   

3.85      $ 
10.16      $ 
6.42      $ 

2018   

2.37   
10.42   
7.22   

55 

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2019 versus 2018 

Transportation and processing expense increased $475 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

••  Higher production volumes resulting from the Newfield acquisition and successful drilling in Anadarko and 
Bakken ($341 million), rate escalation in certain transportation contracts relating to previously divested assets 
and incremental transportation costs associated with third-party purchased volumes ($99 million), successful 
drilling in Montney and Permian ($82 million) and higher costs relating to the diversification of the Company’s 
downstream markets ($21 million); 

partially offset by: 

••  Lower  commodity  prices  ($21  million),  lower  U.S./Canadian  dollar  exchange  rate  ($18  million)  and  lower 
activity in Deep Panuke where the Company ceased production in the second quarter of 2018 ($11 million). 

Upstream  transportation  and  processing  decreased  $0.80  per  BOE  compared  to  2018  primarily  due  to  a  higher 
proportion of total production volumes in the USA Operations resulting from the Newfield acquisition.  

Operating  

Operating expense includes costs paid by the Company, net of amounts capitalized, to operate oil and natural gas 
properties in which the Company has a working interest. These costs primarily include labor, service contract fees, 
chemicals, fuel, water hauling and workovers.  

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
China Operations (1) 
Upstream Operating Expense (2) 

Market Optimization 
Corporate & Other 
Total 

   $ 

   $ 

$ millions 
2019   

566       $ 
125         
16         
707         

28         
(3 )      
732       $ 

     $ 
     $ 
     $ 
     $ 

2018     

305     
118     
-     
423     

16     
15     
454     

$/BOE 
2019   

4.65       $ 
1.46       $ 
27.79       $ 
3.41       $ 

2018   

5.80   
1.45   
-   
3.18   

(1)  The Company acquired its China Operations as part of the Newfield business combination on February 13, 2019. Subsequently, the Company 
terminated its production sharing contract with CNOOC and exited its China Operations effective July 31, 2019. Upstream Operating Expense 
for China Operations is presented for the period from February 14, 2019 through July 31, 2019. 

(2)  2019 Upstream Operating Expense per BOE includes long-term incentive costs of $0.06/BOE (2018 - recovery of long-term incentive costs 

of $0.06/BOE). 

2019 versus 2018 

Operating expense increased $278 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  The Newfield acquisition and successful drilling in Anadarko ($249 million), the impact of changes in capital 
programs primarily in Montney and  Other Upstream Operations ($30 million),  long-term incentive costs in 
2019 compared to a recovery in 2018 resulting from a larger decrease in the share price in 2018  compared to 
2019 ($29 million) and higher activity in Permian ($21 million); 

partially offset by: 

•  Lower activity in Eagle Ford and Montney ($15 million), lower salaries and benefits due to reduced headcount 
in Eagle Ford, Montney and Deep Panuke ($10 million) and the sale of the San Juan assets in the fourth quarter 
of 2018 ($10 million). 

Additional information on the Company’s long-term incentives can be found in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

56 

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Purchased Product 

Purchased product expense includes purchases of oil, NGLs and natural gas from third parties that are used to provide 
operational flexibility and cost mitigation for transportation commitments, product type, delivery points and customer 
diversification. The Company also purchases and sells third-party volumes under long-term marketing arrangements 
associated with the Company’s previous divestitures. 

 ($ millions) 

Market Optimization 

2019 versus 2018 

2019     

2018   

   $ 

1,043      $ 

1,100   

Purchased product expense decreased $57 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  Lower benchmark prices ($227 million) and lower third-party purchased natural gas volumes ($41 million); 

partially offset by:  

•  Higher third-party purchased liquids volumes ($211 million) due to: 

o  Changing market conditions resulting in additional third-party purchases to meet sales commitments in 

the Canadian Operations in the first quarter of 2019; and  

o  Price optimization activities and additional third-party purchases to meet sales commitments in the USA 

Operations in the third quarter of 2019. 

Depreciation, Depletion & Amortization 

Proved properties within each country cost centre are depleted using the unit-of-production method based on proved 
reserves as discussed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K. Depletion rates are impacted by impairments, acquisitions, divestitures and foreign exchange rates, as well 
as fluctuations in 12-month average trailing prices which affect proved reserves volumes. Corporate assets are carried at 
cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated service lives of the assets. 

In  2019,  the  12-month  average  trailing  prices  have  generally  declined.  Further  declines  in  the  12-month average 
trailing  commodity  prices  could  reduce  proved  reserves  values  and  result  in  the  recognition  of  future  ceiling  test 
impairments. Future ceiling test impairments can also result from changes to reserves estimates, future development 
costs,  capitalized  costs  and  unproved  property  costs.  Proceeds  received  from  oil  and  natural  gas  divestitures  are 
generally deducted from the Company’s capitalized costs and can reduce the risk of ceiling test impairments. 

Additional information can be found under Upstream Assets and Reserve Estimates in the Critical Accounting Estimates 
section of this MD&A. 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Upstream DD&A 

Market Optimization 
Corporate & Other 
Total 

$ millions 

2019     

1,593      $ 
383        
1,976        

-        
39        
2,015      $ 

2018      

860      
361      
1,221      

   $ 
   $ 
   $ 

1      
50      
1,272      

   $ 

   $ 

$/BOE 
2019     

13.15      $ 
4.53      $ 
9.61      $ 

2018   

16.39   
4.55   
9.26   

57 

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2019 versus 2018 

DD&A increased $743 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  Higher  production  volumes  in  the  USA  and  Canadian  Operations  ($1,053  million  and  $26  million, 

respectively), partially offset by lower depletion rates in the USA Operations ($319 million). 

The depletion rate in the USA Operations decreased $3.24 per BOE compared to 2018 primarily due to higher reserve 
volumes mainly in Permian, as well as additional reserve volumes acquired with the Newfield acquisition. 

Administrative 

Administrative expense represents costs associated with corporate functions provided by Ovintiv staff. Costs primarily 
include salaries and benefits, general office, information technology, restructuring and long-term incentive costs. 

Administrative, excluding Long-Term Incentive and 

Restructuring Costs 

 Long-term incentive costs 
 Restructuring costs 

   $ 

Total Administrative (1) 
  $ 
(1)   2019 includes $92 million of operating lease expense related to The Bow office building (2018 - nil).  

   $ 

$ millions 
2019     

2018   

328      $ 
23        
138        
489      $ 

  $ 

190   
(33 ) 
-   
157   

$/BOE 

2019     

1.59      $ 
0.11        
0.67        
2.37      $ 

2018   

1.43   
(0.25 ) 
-   
1.18   

2019 versus 2018 

Administrative  expense  in  2019  increased  $332  million  compared  to  2018  primarily  due  to  restructuring  costs 
($138 million), the impact from adopting ASC Topic 842, “Leases”, as discussed further below ($116 million) and 
administrative  costs  associated  with  the  Newfield  acquisition  ($39  million),  including  non-recurring  integration 
expenses of $12 million and long-term incentive costs in 2019 compared to a recovery in 2018 resulting from a larger 
decrease in the share price in 2018 compared to 2019 ($56 million). 

During 2019, the Company completed workforce reductions in conjunction with the Newfield acquisition to better 
align staffing levels and the organizational structure. Additional information on restructuring charges can be found in 
Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842 which requires all operating leases to be recognized on the 
balance sheet. As a result, The Bow office building was determined to be an operating lease with the lease payments 
recorded in administrative expense starting in 2019. Previously, payments related to The Bow office building were 
recognized  as  interest  expense  and  principal  repayment.  Prior  periods  have  not  been  restated  and  are  reported  in 
accordance with ASC Topic 840, “Leases”. Additional information on the adoption of ASC Topic 842 can be found 
in Notes 1 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Other (Income) Expenses  

 ($ millions) 

Interest 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net 
(Gain) loss on divestitures, net 
Other (gains) losses, net 
Total Other (Income) Expenses 

Interest 

2019     

2018   

   $ 

   $ 

382      $ 
(119 )   
(3 )   
23     
283      $ 

351   
168   
(5 ) 
17   
531   

Interest expense primarily includes interest on the Company’s long-term debt arising from U.S. dollar denominated 
unsecured notes. Additional information on changes in interest can be found in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

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2019 versus 2018 

Interest expense increased $31 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

•  Higher  interest  expense  on  long-term  debt  primarily  relating  to  Newfield’s  outstanding  senior  notes  and 
issuances under the Company’s U.S. commercial paper (“U.S. CP”) program ($112 million), and an interest 
recovery due to the resolution of certain tax items relating to prior taxation years in 2018 ($17 million); 

partially offset by: 

•  The change in accounting treatment for The Bow office building as a result of the adoption of ASC Topic 842 
($63 million), lower interest expense resulting from the repayment of the Company’s $500 million senior note 
in the second quarter of 2019 ($20 million) and capitalized interest ($10 million). 

Additional information on the adoption of ASC Topic 842 can be found in Notes 1 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss, Net 

Foreign exchange gains and losses primarily result from the impact of fluctuations in the Canadian to U.S. dollar 
exchange rate. Additional information on changes in foreign exchange gains or losses can be found in Note 5 to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional information 
on foreign exchange rates and the effects of foreign exchange rate changes can be found in Items 6 and 7A of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Following the completion of the Reorganization, including the U.S. Domestication, on January 24, 2020, as described 
in  the  Subsequent  Event  section  of  this  MD&A,  the  U.S.  dollar  denominated  unsecured  notes  issued  by  Encana 
Corporation  were  assumed  by  Ovintiv  Inc.,  a  company  incorporated  in  Delaware  with  a  U.S.  dollar  functional 
currency. Accordingly, these U.S. dollar denominated unsecured notes, along with certain intercompany notes, will 
no longer attract foreign exchange translation gains or losses. 

2019 versus 2018 

In 2019, the Company recorded a net foreign exchange gain of $119 million compared to a loss in 2018 of $168 million 
primarily due to: 

•  Unrealized  foreign  exchange  gains  on  the  translation  of  U.S.  dollar  financing  debt  and  risk  management 
contracts issued from Canada compared to losses in 2018 ($601 million) and realized foreign exchange gains 
on the settlement of U.S. dollar financing debt issued from Canada compared to losses in 2018 ($28 million); 

partially offset by: 

•  Unrealized  foreign  exchange  losses  on  the  translation  of  intercompany  notes  compared  to  gains  2018 

($345 million). 

Other (Gains) Losses, Net 

Other (gains) losses, net, primarily includes other non-recurring revenues or expenses and may also include items such 
as interest income, interest received from tax authorities, transaction costs relating to acquisitions, reclamation charges 
relating to decommissioned assets and adjustments related to other assets. 

2019 

Other  losses  in  2019  primarily  includes  legal  fees  and  transaction  costs  related  to  the  Newfield  acquisition  of 
$33 million, partially offset by interest income on short-term investments of $10 million. 

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2018  

Other  losses  in  2018  primarily  included  the  write-down  of  long-term  receivables  relating  to  Other  Upstream 
Operations  of  $20 million,  acquisition  costs  relating  to  the  merger  agreement  with  Newfield  of  $7 million,  and 
reclamation charges relating to decommissioned assets of $4 million, partially offset by interest income on short-term 
investments of $8 million and the recovery of sales taxes relating to previously divested investments of $7 million. 

Income Tax 

 ($ millions) 

Current Income Tax Expense (Recovery) 
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Recovery) 
Income Tax Expense (Recovery) 

Effective Tax Rate 

Income Tax Expense (Recovery) 

2019 versus 2018 

   $ 

   $ 

2019     

(13 )    $ 
94     
81      $ 

25.7%     

2018   

(55 ) 
149   
94   

8.1%   

Total income tax expense in 2019 decreased $13 million compared to 2018, primarily due to lower net earnings before 
income tax of $848 million in 2019 compared to 2018, partially offset by the impact of the foreign jurisdictional tax 
rates relative to the Canadian statutory tax rate applied to jurisdictional earnings, the impact of the Alberta corporate 
tax rate  reduction discussed below and the  current income tax recovery in 2018 of $55 million  resulting from the 
resolution of certain tax items relating to prior taxation years.  

On June 28, 2019, Alberta Bill 3, the Job Creation Tax Cut (Alberta Corporate Tax Amendment) Act, was signed into 
law resulting in a reduction of the Alberta corporate tax rate from 12 percent to 11 percent effective July 1, 2019, with 
further one percent rate reductions to take effect every year on January 1 until the general corporate tax rate is eight 
percent  on  January 1, 2022.  During  2019,  the  deferred  tax  expense  of  $94 million  includes  an  adjustment  of 
$55 million resulting from the re-measurement of the Company’s deferred tax position due to the Alberta corporate 
tax rate reduction. 

Effective Tax Rate 

The Company’s annual effective income tax rate  is primarily impacted by earnings, income tax related to foreign 
operations, the effect of legislative changes, including the Alberta corporate tax rate reduction discussed above, non-
taxable capital gains and losses, tax differences on divestitures and transactions, and partnership tax allocations in 
excess  of  funding.  Additional  information  on  income  taxes  can  be  found  in  Note  6  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

The Company’s effective tax rate for 2019 of 25.7 percent is slightly lower than the Canadian statutory tax rate of 
26.6 percent primarily due to partnership tax allocations in excess of funding, as well as the resolution of certain tax 
items relating to prior taxation years, partially offset by the remeasurement of the Company’s deferred tax position 
resulting from the Alberta corporate tax rate reduction discussed above.  

The effective tax rate for 2018 of 8.1 percent was lower than the Canadian statutory rate of 27 percent primarily due 
to the impact of the foreign jurisdictional tax rates relative to the Canadian statutory tax rate applied to jurisdictional 
earnings, partnership tax allocations in excess of funding and the successful resolution of certain tax items relating to 
prior taxation years.  

The determination of income and other tax liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries requires interpretation of 
complex domestic and foreign tax laws and regulations, that are subject to change. The Company’s interpretation of 
taxation laws may differ from the interpretation of the tax authorities. As a result, there are tax matters under review 
for which the timing of resolution is uncertain. The Company believes that the provision for income taxes is adequate. 

Following the U.S. Domestication, the applicable statutory rate will be the U.S. Federal income tax rate. 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Sources of Liquidity 

The Company has the flexibility to access cash equivalents and a range of funding alternatives at competitive rates 
through  committed  revolving  credit  facilities  as  well  as  debt  and  equity  capital  markets.  The  Company  closely 
monitors  the  accessibility  of  cost-effective  credit  and  ensures  that  sufficient  liquidity  is  in  place  to  fund  capital 
expenditures  and  dividend  payments.  In  addition,  the  Company  may  use  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  cash  from 
operating activities, or proceeds from asset divestitures to fund its operations or to manage its capital structure  as 
discussed below. At December 31, 2019, $57 million in cash and cash equivalents was held by U.S. subsidiaries. 

The  Company’s  capital  structure  consists  of  total  shareholders’  equity  plus  long-term  debt,  including  the  current 
portion. The Company’s objectives when managing its capital structure are to maintain financial flexibility to preserve 
Ovintiv’s access to capital markets and its ability to meet financial obligations and finance internally generated growth, 
as  well  as  potential  acquisitions.  The  Company  has  a  practice  of  maintaining  capital  discipline  and  strategically 
managing its capital structure by adjusting capital spending, adjusting dividends paid to shareholders, issuing new 
shares, purchasing shares for cancellation, issuing new debt or repaying existing debt. 

 ($ millions, except as indicated) 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Available Credit Facility (1) 
Issuance of U.S. Commercial Paper 
Total Liquidity 

Long-Term Debt, including current portion (2) 
Total Shareholders’ Equity (3) 

Debt to Capitalization (%) (4) 
Debt to Adjusted Capitalization (%) (5) 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 
   $ 

2019     

190      $ 

4,000     
(698 )   
3,492      $ 

6,974      $ 
9,930      $ 

41     
28     

2018   

1,058   
4,000   
-   
5,058   

4,198   
7,447   

36   
22   

Includes available credit facilities of $2.5 billion in Canada and $1.5 billion in the U.S. (collectively, the “Credit Facilities”). 

(1) 
(2)  Long-Term Debt as at December 31, 2019, includes outstanding U.S. CP totaling $698 million and the senior notes acquired in conjunction 

with the Newfield business combination on February 13, 2019, totaling $2,450 million.  

(3)  Shareholders’  Equity  reflects the common  shares  issued  to  Newfield  shareholders on  February 13, 2019,  totaling  $3,478  million  and the 

common shares purchased, for cancellation, under the Company’s NCIB and substantial issuer bid programs. 

(4)   Calculated as long-term debt, including the current portion, divided by shareholders’ equity plus long-term debt, including the current portion. 
(5)   A non-GAAP measure which is defined in the Non-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A. 

As at December 31, 2019, the Company had $698 million of commercial paper outstanding under its U.S. CP program 
to provide for short-term funding requirements, which is supported by the Company’s $2.5 billion revolving credit 
facility. Further details on the U.S. CP program can be found in the Sources and Uses of Cash section of this MD&A. 

Ovintiv  is  currently  in  compliance  with,  and  expects  that  it  will  continue  to  be  in  compliance  with,  all  financial 
covenants under the Credit Facilities. Management monitors Debt to Adjusted Capitalization, which is a non-GAAP 
measure defined in the Non-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A, as a proxy for the Company’s financial covenant 
under the Credit Facilities, which requires debt to adjusted capitalization to be less than 60 percent. As at December 
31, 2019, the Company’s Debt to Adjusted Capitalization was 28 percent. The definitions used in the covenant under 
the Credit Facilities adjust capitalization for cumulative historical ceiling test impairments recorded in conjunction 
with the Company’s January 1, 2012 adoption of U.S. GAAP. Additional information on financial covenants can be 
found in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

The Company’s debt-based metrics have increased over the prior year due to the increase in long-term debt resulting 
from the Newfield acquisition. Further details on the Company’s debt-based metrics can be found in the Non-GAAP 
Measures section of this MD&A. 

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Sources and Uses of Cash 

During 2019, the Company primarily generated cash through operating activities. The following table summarizes the 
sources and uses of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents. 

 ($ millions) 

Activity Type      

2019     

2018   

Sources of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash 

Cash from operating activities 
Proceeds from divestitures 
Corporate acquisition, net of cash and restricted cash acquired 
Net issuance of revolving long-term debt 

Operating       $ 
Investing         
Investing         
Financing         

Uses of Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Capital expenditures 
Acquisitions 
Repayment of long-term debt 
Purchase of common shares 
Dividends on common shares 
Other 

Investing         
Investing         
Financing         
Financing         
Financing         
Investing/Financing         

Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss) on Cash, Cash Equivalents 
    and Restricted Cash Held in Foreign Currency 
Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash 

      $ 

Operating Activities 

2,921      $ 
197        
94        
698        
3,910        

2,626        
65        
500        
1,250        
102        
240        
4,783        

5        
(868 )    $ 

2,300   
493   
-   
-   
2,793   

1,975   
17   
-   
250   
56   
146   
2,444   

(10 ) 
339   

Cash from operating  activities in 2019 was $2,921 million and was primarily a reflection of the  impacts from the 
Newfield acquisition, increases in production volumes, the effects of the commodity price mitigation program and 
changes in non-cash working capital, partially offset by lower average realized commodity prices.  

Additional  detail  on  changes  in  non-cash  working  capital  can  be  found  in  Note  26  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements  included  in  Item  8  of  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K.  Ovintiv  expects  it  will  continue  to  meet  the 
payment terms of its suppliers.  

Non-GAAP Cash  Flow in 2019 was $2,931 million and was primarily impacted by the items affecting cash from 
operating activities which are discussed below and in the Results of Operations section of this MD&A. 

2019 versus 2018 

Net cash from operating activities increased $621 million compared to 2018 primarily due to: 

••  Higher  production  volumes  ($2,233  million)  and  realized  gains  on  risk  management  in  revenues  in  2019 

compared to realized losses in 2018 ($473 million);  

partially offset by:  

••  Lower realized commodity prices ($603 million), higher transportation and processing expense ($475 million), 
higher operating and administrative expense, excluding non-cash long-term incentive costs ($265 million and 
$167  million,  respectively),  changes  in  non-cash  working  capital  ($158 million),  restructuring  costs  ($138 
million), higher interest on long-term debt ($118 million), higher production, mineral and other taxes ($107 
million),  lower  current  tax  recovery  in  2019  compared  to  2018  ($42 million)  and  acquisition  costs 
($33 million). 

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Investing Activities 

Capital expenditures, divestitures and acquisitions have been the Company’s primary investing activities over the past 
two years and are summarized in Notes 2, 8 and 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

2019 and 2018 

Cash  used  in  investing  activities  in  2019  was  $2,556  million  primarily  due  to  capital  expenditures.  Capital 
expenditures increased $651 million compared to 2018 due to an increase in the Company’s capital program for 2019 
relating to the Anadarko asset acquired in the Newfield acquisition ($712 million). Cash from operating activities 
exceeded capital expenditures by $295 million.  

Corporate  acquisition  in 2019  was  $94  million  which  reflected  the  net  cash  acquired  upon  the  Newfield  business 
combination. 

Acquisitions  in  2019  were  $65  million,  which  primarily  included  seismic  purchases,  water  rights  and  property 
purchases with liquids-rich potential.  

Acquisitions in 2018 were $17 million, which primarily included property purchases with liquids-rich potential. 

Divestitures  in  2019  were  $197  million,  which  primarily  included  the  sale  of  the  Company’s  Arkoma natural gas 
assets in Oklahoma, comprising approximately 140,000 net acres. Proceeds from the sale of the Arkoma natural gas 
assets were used to reduce the Company’s long-term debt.  

Divestitures in 2018 were $493 million, which primarily included the sale of the San Juan assets in New Mexico, 
comprising approximately 182,000 net acres. 

Financing Activities 

Net cash used in financing activities over the past two years has been impacted by the Company’s strategy to enhance 
liquidity, strengthen its balance sheet and return value to shareholders through the purchase of common shares. The 
Company has paid dividends each of the past two years and increased its dividend in the first quarter of 2019. 

2019 versus 2018 

Net cash used in financing activities in 2019 increased $842 million compared to 2018 primarily due to the purchase 
of  common  shares  under  a  NCIB  ($787  million)  and  substantial  issuer  bid  ($213  million)  as  discussed  below, 
repayment of long-term debt ($500 million), as well as increased dividends paid ($46 million) in 2019 compared to 
2018, partially offset by the net issuance of commercial paper under the Company’s U.S. CP program ($698 million). 
Further detail on the Company’s U.S. CP program can be found below. 

The transactions affecting the changes in financing activities are discussed in more detail below. 

2019 and 2018 

The  Company’s  long-term  debt  totaled  $6,974 million  at  December  31,  2019  (2018  -  $4,198  million).  On 
May 15, 2019,  the  Company  repaid  the  $500  million  6.50  percent  senior  note  using  proceeds  from  the  U.S.  CP 
program.  

Following  the  completion  of  the  Newfield  acquisition  on  February  13,  2019,  Newfield’s  senior  notes  totaling 
$2.45 billion remained outstanding as at December 31, 2019. These include a $750 million 5.75 percent senior note 
due January 30, 2022, a $1.0 billion 5.625 percent senior note due July 1, 2024 and a $700 million 5.375 percent 
senior note due January 1, 2026. For additional information on long-term debt, refer to Note 15 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The increase in long-term debt resulting 
from  the  Newfield  acquisition  increased  the  Company’s  debt-based  metrics.  Further  details  on  the  Company’s 
debt-based metrics can be found in the Non-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A. 

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At December 31, 2019, the Company had access to two credit facilities, one available in Canada for $2.5 billion and 
one available in the U.S. for $1.5 billion, totaling $4.0 billion. At December 31, 2019, no amounts were outstanding 
under  the  Credit  Facilities.  The  Credit  Facilities  provide  financial  flexibility  and  allow  the  Company  to  fund  its 
operations,  development  activities  or  capital  programs.  Subsequent  to  the  Reorganization  as  described  in  the 
Subsequent Event section of this MD&A, the Credit Facilities were replaced with committed revolving U.S. dollar 
denominated credit facilities totaling $4.0 billion, which include a $2.5 billion revolving credit facility for Ovintiv 
Inc. and a $1.5 billion revolving credit facility for a Canadian subsidiary. These facilities mature in July 2024, and are 
fully revolving up to maturity. 

At December 31, 2019, the Company had $698 million of commercial paper outstanding under its U.S. CP program 
with  an  average  term  of  49  days  and  a  weighted  average  interest  rate  of  approximately  2.28  percent,  which  was 
supported  by  the  Company’s  $2.5  billion  revolving  credit  facility.  Subsequent  to  the  Reorganization,  Ovintiv  has 
access to two U.S. commercial paper programs, which include a $1.5 billion program for Ovintiv Inc. and a $1.0 billion 
program for a Canadian subsidiary. 

At December 31, 2019, the Credit Facilities, together with cash and cash equivalents less any outstanding commercial 
paper, provided the Company with total liquidity of $3.5 billion. The Company also had approximately $149 million 
in undrawn letters of credit issued in the normal course of business primarily as collateral security, to support future 
abandonment liabilities and for transportation arrangements.  

At December 31, 2019, the Company had a U.S. shelf registration statement and a Canadian shelf prospectus under 
which the Company had the ability to issue from time to time, debt securities, common shares, Class A preferred 
shares, subscription receipts, warrants, units, share purchase contracts and share purchase units in the U.S. and/or 
Canada.  At  December  31,  2019,  $6.0  billion  was  accessible  under  the  Canadian  shelf  prospectus.  Following 
completion of the Reorganization, the Company intends to renew its U.S. shelf registration statement and Canadian 
shelf prospectus. 

Dividends 

The Company pays quarterly dividends to shareholders at the discretion of the Board of Directors. 

 ($ millions, except as indicated) 

Dividend Payments 
Dividend Payments ($/share) (1) 

   $ 
   $ 

2019     

102      $ 
0.375      $ 

2018   

57   
0.30   

(1)  Dividend  payments  per  share  reflect  the  Share  Consolidation.  Accordingly,  the  comparative  period  has  been  restated.  On  a  pre-Share 

Consolidation basis, dividend payments were $0.075 per common share for 2019 and $0.06 per common share for 2018. 

The Company increased its dividend by 25 percent in the first quarter of 2019 as part of the Company’s commitment 
to returning capital to shareholders. Dividends paid in 2019 increased $45 million compared to 2018 due to additional 
common shares issued as part of the Newfield acquisition, in addition to the 25 percent increase in the dividend per 
share, partially offset by common shares purchased, for cancellation, under the Company’s substantial issuer bid and 
NCIB programs. 

On February 19, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.09375 per Ovintiv common share payable on 
March 31, 2020 to common stockholders of record as of March 13, 2020. 

The  dividends  paid  in  2018  included  $1  million  in  common  shares  issued  in  lieu  of  cash  dividends  under  the 
Company’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”). On February 28, 2019, the Company announced the suspension 
of its DRIP effective immediately and in conjunction with the Reorganization, the DRIP was terminated. 

Substantial Issuer Bid 

On  August  29,  2019,  the  Company used  cash  on hand  and  issued  commercial  paper  totaling  approximately  $213 
million to purchase, for cancellation, approximately 47.3 million of its outstanding common shares, on a pre-Share 
Consolidation basis or 9.5 million common shares on a post-Share Consolidation basis, under its previously announced 
substantial issuer bid. 

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For additional information on the substantial issuer bid, refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

Normal Course Issuer Bid  

On  February 27, 2019,  the  Company  received  approval  from  the  TSX  to  purchase,  for  cancellation,  up  to 
approximately 149.4 million common shares, on a pre-Share Consolidation basis, pursuant to a NCIB over a 12-month 
period  commencing  March  4,  2019  and  ending  March  3,  2020.  In  2019,  the  Company  used  cash  on  hand  of 
approximately $1,037 million to purchase, for cancellation, approximately 149.4 million common shares, on a pre-
Share Consolidation basis or approximately 29.9 million common shares on a post-Share Consolidation basis. 

In 2018, the Company used cash on hand of approximately $250 million to purchase, for cancellation, approximately 
20.7 million common shares, on a pre-Share Consolidation basis or approximately 4.1 million common shares on a 
post-Share Consolidation basis, under the previous NCIB which commenced on February 28, 2018 and expired on 
February 27, 2019. 

For additional information on the NCIB, refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

The Company may enter into off-balance sheet arrangements and transactions that can give rise to material off-balance 
sheet  obligations.  The  Company’s  material  off-balance  sheet  arrangements  include  transportation  and  processing 
agreements,  and  short-term  leases  and  non-lease  components  associated  with  drilling  rigs  and  building  leases,  as 
outlined in the Contractual Obligations table below, as well as undrawn letters of credit and minimum volumes sales 
contracts, all of which are customary agreements in the oil and gas industry. Other than the items discussed above, 
there  are  no  other  transactions,  arrangements,  or  relationships  with  unconsolidated  entities  or  persons  that  are 
reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect  the  Company’s  liquidity  or  the  availability  of,  or  requirements  for,  capital 
resources. 

Contractual Obligations 

Contractual obligations arising from long-term debt,  operating  and finance leases, risk management liabilities and 
asset  retirement  obligations  are  recognized  on  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet.  The  following  table 
outlines the Company’s undiscounted obligations and commitments at December 31, 2019: 

($ millions) 

2020         2021-2022      2023-2024         Thereafter     

Total   

Expected Future Payments 

Long-Term Debt 
Interest Payments on Long-Term Debt 
Operating Leases (1) 
Finance Leases (2) 
Risk Management Liabilities 
Asset Retirement Obligation 
Obligations 

Transportation and Processing 
Drilling and Field Services (3) 
Building Leases (3) 
Commitments 
Total Contractual Obligations 
Sublease Income 

   $ 

   $ 
   $ 

-         $ 
377           
133           
99           
114           
192           
915           

734           
90           
14           
838           
1,753         $ 
(49 )       $ 

2,048      $ 
709        
218        
95        
53        
113        
3,236        

1,321        
6        
26        
1,353        
4,589      $ 
(95 )    $ 

1,000         $ 
610           
174           
16           
13           
74           
1,887           

947           
-           
14           
961           
2,848         $ 
(88 )       $ 

3,811      $ 
2,179        
1,101        
22        
5        
1,514        
8,632        

2,163        
-        
8        
2,171        
10,803      $ 
(546 )    $ 

6,859   
3,875   
1,626   
232   
185   
1,893   
14,670   

5,165   
96   
62   
5,323   
19,993   
(778 ) 

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Includes The Bow office building. 
Includes interest payments totaling $22 million. 
Includes short-term leases with terms less than 12 months and non-lease operating cost components. 

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Interest  Payments  on  Long-Term  Debt  and  Finance  Leases  represent  scheduled  cash  payments  on  the  respective 
obligations. Additional information can be found in Notes 15 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included 
in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Operating  leases  include  drilling  rigs,  compressors,  marine  vessels,  camps,  office  and  buildings,  certain  land 
easements and various equipment utilized in the development and production of oil, NGLs and natural gas. Upon 
transition to ASC Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, The Bow office building was determined to be an operating lease. 
The Company has subleased approximately 50 percent of The Bow office space under the lease agreement. The Bow 
Office  Building  Sublease  Recoveries  in  the  table  above  include  the  amounts  expected  to  be  recovered  from  the 
sublease. Additional information on the change in accounting treatment for The Bow office building upon transition 
to ASC Topic 842 and subleases can be found in Notes 1 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in 
Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Finance Leases relates to an office building and the obligation related to the Deep Panuke Production Field Centre. 
Additional information can be found in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Risk Management Liabilities represents Ovintiv’s net liability position with counterparties. Additional information can 
be found in Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Asset Retirement Obligation represents estimated costs arising from the obligation to fund the disposal of long-lived 
assets upon their abandonment. The majority of Ovintiv’s asset retirement obligations relate to the plugging of wells 
and related abandonment of oil and gas properties including an offshore production platform, processing plants and 
land  or  seabed  restoration.  Revisions  to  estimated  retirement  obligations  can  result  from  changes  in  regulatory 
requirements,  changes  in  retirement  cost  estimates,  revisions  to  estimated  inflation  rates  and  estimated  timing  of 
abandonment. Additional information can be found in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in 
Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Transportation  and  Processing  commitments  relate  to  contractual  obligations  for  capacity  rights  with  third-party 
pipelines and processing facilities. Drilling and Field Services commitments represent minimum future expenditures 
for  drilling,  well  servicing  and  equipment  commitment  rights.  Significant  development  commitments  with  joint 
venture partners are partially satisfied by Commitments included in the table above. Building Leases consist of various 
field and office building leases used in Ovintiv’s daily operations. Drilling and Field Services, and Building Leases 
include  short-term  leases  with  terms  less  than  12  months  and  non-lease  operating  cost  components.  Additional 
information can be found in Notes 1 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K. 

Ovintiv has two minimum volume sales contracts related to its Uinta oil production in Utah. Under the terms of the 
agreements, the Company is committed to deliver approximately 15 Mbbls/d through May 2020 and approximately 
20 Mbbls/d through August 2025. During 2019, the Company incurred deficiency fees of approximately $24 million. 
Deficiency fees ranging from $3.50 to $6.50 per barrel may be incurred during the remaining term of the commitment 
periods. Based on forecasted production levels, $15 million in deficiency fees are expected to be incurred related to 
these  delivery  commitments  in  2020.  For  additional  information  on  these  commitments,  refer  to  the  Marketing 
Activities section included in Items 1 and 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Further to the commitments disclosed above, Ovintiv also has various obligations that become payable if certain events 
occur including variable interests arising from gathering and compression agreements and guarantees on transportation 
commitments resulting from completed property divestitures as described in Notes 20, 25 and 27, respectively, to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

In addition, Ovintiv has purchase orders for the purchase of inventory and other goods and services, which typically 
represent authorization to purchase rather than binding agreements. The Company also has obligations to fund its 
defined  benefit  pension  and other  post-employment  benefit  plans,  as  well  as  unrecognized  tax  benefits  where  the 
settlement is not expected within the next 12 months as described in Notes 23 and 6, respectively, to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

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Ovintiv may have potential exposures related to previously divested properties where the purchasers typically assume 
all obligations to plug, abandon, and decommission the associated wells, structures, and facilities acquired. One or 
more of the counterparties in these transactions could, either as a result of the severe decline in oil and natural gas 
prices  or  other  factors  related  to  the  historical  or  future  operations  of  their  respective  businesses,  face  financial 
problems that may have a significant impact on their solvency and ability to continue as a going concern. If a purchaser 
becomes  the  subject  of  a  proceeding  under  relevant  insolvency  laws  or  otherwise  fails  to  perform  required 
abandonment  obligations,  Ovintiv  could  be  required  to  perform  such  actions  under  applicable  federal  laws  and 
regulations. While the Company believes that the risk of such event occurring is low, the Company could be forced 
to use available cash to cover the costs of such liabilities and obligations should they arise. 

Contingencies 

For information on contingencies, refer to Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

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Accounting Policies and Estimates 

Critical Accounting Estimates 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  U.S.  GAAP  requires  management  to  make  informed 
judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. For a discussion 
of the Company’s significant accounting policies refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in 
Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Changes in facts and circumstances or additional information may result 
in revised estimates, and actual results may differ from these estimates. Management considers the following to be its 
most critical accounting estimates that involve judgment. The following discussion outlines the accounting policies 
and practices involving the use of estimates that are critical to determining Ovintiv’s financial results. Changes in the 
estimates and assumptions discussed below could materially affect the amount or timing of the financial results of the 
Company. 

Description 

Judgments and Uncertainties 

Upstream Assets and Reserve Estimates 

As Ovintiv follows full cost accounting for oil, NGL and natural gas 
activities,  reserves  estimates  are  a  key  input  to  the  Company’s 
depletion,  gain  or  loss  on  divestitures  and  ceiling  test  impairment 
calculations. In addition, these reserves are the basis for the Company’s 
supplemental oil and gas disclosures. 

Ovintiv  estimates  its  proved  oil  and  gas  reserves  according  to  the 
definition  of  proved  reserves  provided  by  the  SEC.  The  Company’s 
estimates of proved reserves are made using available geological and 
reservoir  data  as  well  as  production  performance  data  and  must 
demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible in 
future  periods  from  known  reservoirs  under  existing  economic 
conditions,  operating  methods  and  government  regulations.  The 
estimation of reserves is a subjective process. 

Due  to  the  inter-relationship  of  various  judgments  made  to 
reserve estimates and the volatile nature of commodity prices, it 
is generally not  possible  to  predict the  timing  or  magnitude of 
ceiling test impairments. 

Revisions to reserve estimates are necessary due to changes in 
and  among  other  things,  development  plans,  projected  future 
rates of production, the timing of future expenditures, reservoir 
performance, economic conditions, governmental restrictions as 
well as changes in the expected recovery associated with infill 
drilling, all of which are subject to numerous uncertainties and 
various  interpretations.  Downward  revisions  in  proved  reserve 
estimates  due  to  changes  in  reserve  estimates  may  increase 
depletion  expense  and  may  also  result  in  a  ceiling  test 
impairment. 

Reserves  are  calculated  using  an  unweighted  arithmetic  average  of 
commodity prices in effect on the first day of each of the previous 12 
months, held flat for the life of the production, except where prices are 
defined by contractual arrangements. 

  Decreases  in  prices  may  result  in  reductions  in  certain  proved 
reserves due to reaching economic limits at an earlier projected 
date and impact earnings through depletion expense and ceiling 
test impairments. 

Ovintiv manages its business using estimates of reserves and resources 
based on forecast prices and costs as it gives consideration to probable 
and possible reserves and future changes in commodity prices. 

  Ovintiv  believes  that  the  discounted  after-tax  future  net  cash 
flows from proved reserves required to be used in the ceiling test 
calculation are not indicative of the fair market value of Ovintiv’s 
oil  and  natural  gas  properties  or  the  future  net  cash  flows 
expected to be generated from such properties. 

Business Combinations 

Ovintiv  follows  the  acquisition  method  of  accounting  for  business 
combinations. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized at 
the  date  of  acquisition  at  their  respective  estimated  fair  values.  Any 
excess  of  the  purchase  price  over  the  fair  value  amounts  assigned  to 
assets  and  liabilities  is  recorded  as  goodwill.  Any  deficiency  of  the 
purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired 
is recorded as a gain in net earnings. 

Fair value estimates are determined based on information that existed 
at  the  time  of  the  acquisition,  utilizing  expectations  and  assumptions 
that  would  be  available  to  and  made  by  a  market  participant.  When 
market-observable prices are not available to value assets and liabilities, 
the Company may use the cost, income, or market valuation approaches 
depending  on  the  quality  of  information  available  to  support 
management’s assumptions. 

The  most  significant  assumptions  relate  to  the  estimated  fair 
values  assigned  to  proved  and  unproved  oil  and  natural  gas 
properties. The assumptions made in performing these valuations 
include  discount  rates,  future  commodity  prices  and  costs,  the 
timing  of  development  activities,  projections  of  oil  and  gas 
reserves, estimates to abandon and reclaim producing wells and 
tax  amortization  benefits  available  to  a  market  participant. 
Changes  in  key  assumptions  may  cause  the  acquisition 
accounting to be revised, including the recognition of additional 
goodwill or discount on  acquisition. There  is no  assurance the 
underlying  assumptions  or  estimates  associated  with  the 
valuation will occur as initially expected.  

Estimated  fair  values  assigned  to  assets  acquired  can  have  a 
significant effect on results of operations in the future through 
impairments  of  goodwill.  In  addition,  differences  between  the 
future commodity prices when acquiring assets and the historical 
12-month  average  trailing  price  to  calculate  ceiling  test 
impairments of upstream assets may impact net earnings. 

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Description 

Goodwill Impairments 

Judgments and Uncertainties 

Goodwill is assessed for impairment at least annually in December, at the 
reporting unit level which are Ovintiv’s country cost centres. To assess 
whether goodwill is impaired, the carrying amount of each reporting unit 
is determined and compared to the fair value of the reporting unit. If the 
carrying amount of the reporting unit is higher than its related fair value, 
then  goodwill  is  measured  and  written  down  to  the  reporting  unit’s 
implied  fair  value  of  goodwill.  The  implied  fair  value  of  goodwill  is 
determined by deducting the fair value of the reporting unit’s assets and 
liabilities from the fair value of the reporting unit as if the reporting entity 
had been acquired in a business combination. Any excess of the carrying 
value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill is recognized as 
an impairment and charged to net earnings. 

Because quoted market prices for the Company’s reporting units are not 
available, management applies judgment in determining the estimated 
fair  value  of  reporting  units  for  purposes  of  performing  goodwill 
impairment tests. Ovintiv may use a combination of the income and the 
market valuation approaches. 

The most significant assumptions used to determine a reporting 
unit’s  fair  value  include  estimations  of  oil  and  natural  gas 
reserves,  including  both  proved  reserves  and  risk-adjusted 
unproved  reserves,  estimates  of  market  prices  considering 
forward  commodity  price  curves  as  of  the  measurement  date, 
market discount rates and estimates of operating, administrative, 
and capital costs adjusted for inflation. In addition, management 
may  support  fair  value  estimates  determined  with  comparable 
companies that are actively traded in the public market, recent 
comparable  asset  transactions,  and  transaction  premiums.  This 
would require management to make certain judgments about the 
selection of comparable companies utilized. 

  Downward revisions of estimated reserves quantities, increases 
in future cost estimates, sustained decreases in oil or natural gas 
prices, or divestiture of a significant component of the reporting 
unit  could  reduce  expected  future  cash  flows  and  fair  value 
estimates  of  the  reporting  units  and  possibly  result  in  an 
impairment of goodwill in future periods. 

Asset removal technologies and costs are constantly changing, as 
are  regulatory,  political,  environmental,  safety,  and  public 
relations  considerations.  The  asset  retirement  obligation  is 
estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows of the 
settlement. The discounted cash flows are based on estimates of 
such  factors  as  reserves  lives,  retirement  costs,  timing  of 
settlements,  credit-adjusted  risk-free  rates  and  inflation  rates. 
Changes in these estimates impact net earnings through accretion 
of the asset retirement obligation in addition to depletion of the 
asset retirement cost included in property, plant and equipment.  

Ovintiv’s  derivative  financial  instruments  primarily  relate  to 
commodities  including  oil,  NGLs  and  natural  gas.  The  most 
significant assumptions used in determining the fair value to the 
Company’s commodity derivatives financial instruments include 
estimates  of  future  commodity  prices,  implied  volatilities  of 
commodity prices, discount rates and estimates of counterparty 
credit risk. These pricing and discounting variables are sensitive 
to  the  period  of  the  contract  and  market  volatility  as  well  as 
regional  price  differentials.  Changes  in  these  estimates  and 
assumptions can impact net earnings through decreased revenues 
or increased expenses. 

The Company has assessed its  goodwill  for  impairment at  December 
31, 2019 and no impairment was recognized. The reporting units’ fair 
values were substantially in excess of the carrying values and as a result 
was not at risk of failing step one of the impairment test as at December 
31, 2019. 

Asset Retirement Obligation 

Asset  retirement  obligations  are  those  legal  obligations  where  the 
Company  will  be  required to  retire tangible  long-lived assets  such as 
producing  well  sites,  an  offshore  production  platform,  processing 
plants, and restoring land or seabed at the end of oil and gas production 
operations. The fair value of estimated asset retirement obligations is 
recognized  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  when  incurred  and  a 
reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The asset retirement cost, 
equal  to  the  initially  estimated  fair  value  of  the  asset  retirement 
obligation,  is  capitalized  as  part  of  the  cost  of  the  related  long-lived 
asset. Changes in the estimated obligation are recognized as a change in 
the  asset  retirement  obligation  and  the  related  asset  retirement  cost. 
Actual expenditures incurred are charged against the accumulated asset 
retirement obligation. Accretion expense is recognized over time as the 
discounted liability is accreted to its expected settlement value. 

Derivative Financial Instruments 

Ovintiv uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to 
market risks relating to commodity prices, foreign currency exchange 
rates and interest rates. The Company’s policy is not to utilize derivative 
financial instruments for speculative purposes. Realized gains or losses 
from financial derivatives are recognized in net earnings as the contracts 
are settled. Unrealized gains and losses are recognized in net earnings 
at the end of each respective reporting period based on the changes in 
fair value of the contracts. 

Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value with changes 
in  fair  value  recognized  in  net  earnings.  Fair  value  estimates  are 
determined  using  quoted  prices  in  active  markets,  inferred  based  on 
market prices of similar assets and liabilities or valued using internally 
developed estimates. The Company may use various valuation techniques 
including the discounted cash flow or option valuation models.  

As Ovintiv has chosen not to elect hedge accounting treatment for the 
Company’s derivative financial instruments, changes in the fair values 
of  derivative  financial  instruments  can  have  a  significant  impact  on 
Ovintiv’s  results  of  operations.  Generally,  changes  in  fair  values  of 
derivative financial instruments do not impact the Company’s liquidity 
or capital resources. Settlements of derivative financial instruments do 
have an impact on the Company’s liquidity and results of operation. 

69 

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Description 

Income Taxes 

Ovintiv  follows  the  liability  method  of  accounting  for  income  taxes. 
Under this method, deferred income taxes are recorded for the effect of 
any temporary difference between the accounting and income tax basis 
of  an  asset  or  liability,  using  the  enacted  income  tax  rates  and  laws 
expected to apply when the assets are realized and liabilities are settled. 
Current  income  taxes  are  measured  at  the  amount  expected  to  be 
recoverable  from  or  payable  to  the  taxing  authorities  based  on  the 
income tax rates  and laws enacted at the end of the reporting period. 
The effect of a change in the enacted tax rates or laws is recognized in 
net earnings in the period of enactment. 

Deferred income tax assets are routinely assessed for realizability. If it 
is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized, a 
valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the deferred tax assets. 

Ovintiv’s interim income tax expense is determined using an estimated 
annual  effective  income  tax  rate  applied  to  year-to-date  net  earnings 
before income tax plus the effect of legislative changes and amounts in 
respect of prior periods. 

Ovintiv recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when 
it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position 
will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. A recognized 
tax position is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount 
of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon 
settlement  with  a  taxing  authority.  Liabilities  for  unrecognized  tax 
benefits that are not expected to be settled within the next 12 months 
are included in other liabilities and provisions. 

The  Company’s unremitted  earnings from  its  foreign  subsidiaries are 
considered to be permanently reinvested, as a result the Company does 
not calculate a deferred tax liability for domestic income taxes on these 
foreign earnings. 

Contingent Liabilities 

Ovintiv  is  subject  to  various  legal  proceedings,  environmental 
remediation, commercial and regulatory claims and liabilities that arise 
in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues losses when 
such  losses  are  probable  and  reasonably  estimable,  except  for 
contingencies acquired in a business combination which are recorded at 
fair  value  at  the  time  of  the  acquisition.  If  a  loss  is  probable  but  the 
Company  cannot  estimate  a  specific  amount  for  that  loss,  the  best 
estimate within the range is accrued and if no amount is better within 
the range, the minimum amount is accrued. 

Judgments and Uncertainties 

Tax  interpretations,  regulations  and  legislation,  including  U.S. 
Tax Reform, and potential Treasury Department regulations and 
guidance, in the various jurisdictions in which the Company and 
its subsidiaries operate are subject to change and interpretation. 
As  such,  income  taxes  are  subject to  measurement uncertainty 
and  the  interpretations  can  impact  net  earnings  through  the 
income tax expense arising from the changes in deferred income 
tax assets or liabilities. 

  Ovintiv considers available positive and negative evidence when 
assessing  the  realizability  of  deferred  tax  assets,  including 
historic  and  expected  future  taxable  earnings,  available  tax 
planning  strategies  and  carry  forward  periods.  Numerous 
judgments and assumptions are inherent in the determination of 
future taxable income, including factors such as future operating 
conditions, particularly related to oil and gas prices. As a result, 
the  assumptions  used  in  determining  expected  future  taxable 
earnings  are  consistent  with  those  used  in  the  goodwill 
impairment assessment. 

The  estimated annual  effective income tax  rate is impacted by 
expected  annual  earnings,  statutory  rate  and  other  foreign 
differences, non-taxable capital gains and losses, tax differences 
on divestitures and transactions, and partnership tax allocations 
in excess of funding. 

The Company routinely assesses potential uncertain tax positions 
and,  if  required,  establishes  accruals  for  such  amounts.  The 
accruals  are  adjusted  based  on  changes 
in  facts  and 
circumstances.  Material  changes  to  Ovintiv’s  income  tax 
accruals may occur in the future based on the progress of ongoing 
audits, changes in legislation or resolution of pending matters. 

  Determination of unrecognized deferred income tax liabilities is 
not practicable due to the significant uncertainty in assumptions 
that would be required including determining the nature of any 
future remittances, that could be distributions in the form of non-
taxable  returns  of  capital  or  taxable  earnings  and  associated 
withholding  taxes,  or  determining  the  tax  rates  on  any  future 
remittances  that  could  vary  significantly  depending  on  the 
available approaches to repatriate the earnings. 

The establishment and evaluation of a contingent loss is based 
on  advice  from  legal  counsel,  advisors  or  consultants  and 
management’s  judgement.  Actual  costs  can  vary  from  such 
estimates for various reasons including: i) differing interpretation 
of  the  law,  opinions  on  responsibility  and  assessments  on  the 
amount of damages; ii) changes in status of litigation or claims 
and  information  available;  iii)  differing  interpretation  of 
regulations by regulators or the courts; iv) changes in laws and 
regulations; and v) additional or developing information relating 
to  extent  and  nature  of  environmental  remediation  and 
technology  improvements.  The Company  continually  monitors 
known  and  potential  legal,  environmental  and  other  claims  or 
contingencies based on available information.  Future changes in 
facts and circumstances not currently foreseeable could result in 
the actual liabilities recorded exceeding the estimated amounts 
accrued. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements  

For recently issued accounting policies, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

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Non-GAAP Measures  

Certain measures in this document do not have any standardized meaning as prescribed by U.S. GAAP and, therefore, 
are considered non-GAAP measures. These measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other 
issuers  and  should  not  be  viewed  as  a  substitute  for  measures  reported  under  U.S.  GAAP.  These  measures  are 
commonly  used  in  the  oil  and  gas  industry  and  by  Ovintiv  to  provide  shareholders  and  potential  investors  with 
additional information regarding the Company’s liquidity and its ability to generate funds to finance its operations. 
Non-GAAP measures include: Non-GAAP Cash Flow, Non-GAAP Cash Flow Margin, Total Costs, Debt to Adjusted 
Capitalization and Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA. Management’s use of these measures is discussed further below. 

Non-GAAP Cash Flow and Non-GAAP Cash Flow Margin 

Non-GAAP Cash Flow is a non-GAAP measure defined as cash from (used in) operating activities excluding net 
change in other assets and liabilities, net change in non-cash working capital and current tax on sale of assets.  

Non-GAAP Cash Flow Margin is a non-GAAP measure defined as Non-GAAP Cash Flow per BOE of production.  

Management  believes  these  measures  are  useful  to  the  Company  and  its  investors  as  a  measure  of  operating  and 
financial  performance  across  periods  and  against  other  companies  in  the  industry,  and  are  an  indication  of  the 
Company’s ability to generate cash to finance capital programs, to service debt and to meet other financial obligations. 
These  measures  are  used,  along  with  other  measures,  in  the  calculation  of  certain  performance  targets  for  the 
Company’s management and employees. 

 ($ millions, except as indicated) 

Cash From (Used in) Operating Activities 
(Add back) deduct: 

Net change in other assets and liabilities 
Net change in non-cash working capital 
Current tax on sale of assets 

Non-GAAP Cash Flow (1) 
Production Volumes (MMBOE) 
Non-GAAP Cash Flow Margin ($/BOE) 

2019     

   $ 

2,921      $ 

(97 )   
87     
-     
2,931      $ 
206.2     
14.21      $ 

   $ 

   $ 

2018   

2,300   

(60 ) 
245   
-   
2,115   
131.8   
16.05   

(1)  2019 includes restructuring costs of $138 million and acquisition costs of $33 million. 

Total Costs 

Total  Costs  is  a  non-GAAP  measure  defined  as  the  summation  of  production,  mineral  and  other  taxes,  upstream 
transportation and processing expense, upstream operating expense and administrative expense, excluding the impact 
of long-term incentive and restructuring costs. Management believes this measure is useful to the Company and its 
investors as a measure of operational efficiency across periods. 

 ($ millions, except as indicated) 

Production, Mineral and Other Taxes 
Upstream Transportation and Processing 
Upstream Operating 
Administrative 
Deduct (add back): 

 Long-term incentive costs 
 Restructuring costs 

Total Costs 
Divided by: 
Production Volumes (MMBOE) 
Total Costs ($/BOE) (1) 

(1)  Calculated using whole dollars and volumes. 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

2019     

254      $ 

1,325     
707     
489     

35     
138     
2,602      $ 

206.2     
12.59      $ 

2018   

147   
952   
423   
157   

(41 ) 
-   
1,720   

131.8   
13.00   

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Debt to Adjusted Capitalization  

Debt  to  Adjusted  Capitalization  is  a  non-GAAP  measure  which  adjusts  capitalization  for  historical  ceiling  test 
impairments that were recorded as at December 31, 2011. Management monitors Debt to Adjusted Capitalization as 
a proxy for the Company’s financial covenant under the Credit Facilities which require debt to adjusted capitalization 
to be less than 60 percent. Adjusted Capitalization includes debt, total shareholders’ equity and an equity adjustment 
for  cumulative  historical  ceiling  test  impairments  recorded  as  at  December  31,  2011  in  conjunction  with  the 
Company’s January 1, 2012 adoption of U.S. GAAP. 

($ millions, except as indicated) 

December 31, 2019     

December 31, 2018   

Long-Term Debt, including current portion 
Total Shareholders’ Equity 
Equity Adjustment for Impairments at December 31, 2011 
Adjusted Capitalization 
Debt to Adjusted Capitalization 

   $ 

   $ 

6,974      $ 
9,930     
7,746     
24,650      $ 
28%     

4,198   
7,447   
7,746   
19,391   
22%   

The increase in Debt to Adjusted Capitalization is primarily due to the increase in long-term debt resulting from the 
Newfield acquisition. 

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA  

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure whereby Net Debt is defined as long-term debt, including the 
current portion, less cash and cash equivalents and Adjusted EBITDA is defined as trailing 12-month net earnings 
(loss)  before  income  taxes,  DD&A,  impairments,  accretion  of  asset  retirement  obligation,  interest,  unrealized 
gains/losses on risk management, foreign exchange gains/losses, gains/losses on divestitures and other gains/losses.  

Management believes this measure is useful to the Company and its investors as a measure of financial leverage and 
the  Company’s  ability  to  service  its  debt  and  other  financial  obligations.  This  measure  is  used,  along  with  other 
measures, in the calculation of certain financial performance targets for the Company’s management and employees. 

 ($ millions, except as indicated) 

December 31, 2019     

December 31, 2018   

Long-Term Debt, including current portion 
Less: 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Net Debt 

Net Earnings 
Add back (deduct): 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization 
Accretion of asset retirement obligation 
Interest 
Unrealized (gains) losses on risk management 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net 
(Gain) loss on divestitures, net 
Other (gains) losses, net 
Income tax expense (recovery) 

Adjusted EBITDA 
Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA (times) 

   $ 

6,974      $ 

190     
6,784     

234     

2,015     
37     
382     
730     
(119 )   
(3 )   
23     
81     
3,380      $ 
2.0     

   $ 

4,198   

1,058   
3,140   

1,069   

1,272   
32   
351   
(519 ) 
168   
(5 ) 
17   
94   
2,479   
1.3   

The increase in Net Debt is primarily due to the increase in long-term debt resulting from the Newfield acquisition, 
whereas  Adjusted  EBITDA  only  includes  Newfield’s  results  of  operations  for  the  post-acquisition  period  from 
February 14, 2019 to December 31, 2019. 

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Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 

The  primary  objective  of  the  following  information  is  to  provide  forward-looking  quantitative  and  qualitative 
information about the Company’s potential exposure to market risks. The term “market risk” refers to the Company’s 
risk of loss arising from adverse changes in oil,  NGL and natural gas prices, foreign currency exchange rates and 
interest rates. The following disclosures are not meant to be precise indicators of expected future losses but rather 
indicators of reasonably possible losses. The forward-looking information provides indicators of how the Company 
views and manages ongoing market risk exposures.   

COMMODITY PRICE RISK 

Commodity price risk arises from the effect fluctuations in future commodity prices, including oil, NGLs and natural 
gas, may have on future revenues, expenses and cash flows.  Realized pricing is primarily driven by the prevailing 
worldwide price for crude oil and spot market prices applicable to the Company’s natural gas production. Pricing for 
oil and natural gas production is volatile and unpredictable as discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of  this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K. To partially mitigate exposure to commodity price risk, the Company may enter into various 
derivative  financial  instruments  including  futures,  forwards,  swaps,  options  and  costless  collars.  The  use  of  these 
derivative instruments is governed under formal policies and is subject to limits established by the Board of Directors 
and may vary from time to time. Both exchange traded and over-the-counter traded derivative instruments may be 
subject to margin-deposit requirements, and the Company may be required from time to time to deposit cash or provide 
letters  of  credit  with  exchange  brokers  or  counterparties  to  satisfy  these  margin  requirements.  For  additional 
information relating to the Company’s derivative and financial instruments, see Note 25 under Item 8 of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K.  

The  table  below  summarizes  the  sensitivity  of  the  fair  value  of  the  Company’s  risk  management  positions  to 
fluctuations in commodity prices, with all other variables held constant. The Company has used a 10 percent variability 
to assess the potential impact of commodity price changes. Fluctuations in commodity prices could have resulted in 
unrealized gains (losses) impacting pre-tax net earnings as follows: 

(US$ millions) 
Crude oil price 
NGL price 
Natural gas price 

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK 

   $ 

December 31, 2019 

10% Price     
Increase     

(280 )    $ 
(19 )      
(71 )      

10% Price   
Decrease   
257   
19   
59   

Foreign exchange risk arises from changes in foreign exchange rates that may affect the fair value or future cash flows 
of the Company’s financial assets or liabilities. As the Company operates in the United States and Canada, fluctuations 
in the exchange rate between the U.S. and Canadian dollars can have a significant effect on the Company’s reported 
results. Although the Company’s financial results for the year ended December 31, 2019 are consolidated in Canadian 
dollars, the Company reports its results in U.S. dollars as most of its revenues are closely tied to the U.S. dollar and 
to facilitate a more direct comparison to other North American oil and gas companies.  

Following the Reorganization, including the U.S. Domestication, the functional currency of Ovintiv Inc. became U.S. 
dollars, and accordingly, the financial results will be consolidated and reported in U.S. dollars.  

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The table below summarizes selected foreign exchange impacts on the Company’s financial results when compared 
to the same periods in the prior years. 

Increase (Decrease) in: 
Capital Investment 
Transportation and Processing Expense (1) 
Operating Expense (1) 
Administrative Expense 
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (1) 

(1)  Reflects upstream operations. 

2019 
$ millions     

$/BOE     

$ millions     

$/BOE   

2018 

  $ 

(17 )        
(18 )    $ 
(3 )      
(4 )      
(8 )      

       $ 
(0.09 )        
(0.01 )        
(0.02 )        
(0.04 )        

(3 )          
(1 )      $ 
-          
(2 )        
-          

(0.01 ) 
-   
(0.01 ) 
-   

Foreign exchange gains and losses also arise when monetary assets and monetary liabilities denominated in foreign 
currencies are translated and settled, and primarily include:  

•  U.S. dollar denominated financing debt issued from Canada 
•  U.S. dollar denominated risk management assets and liabilities held in Canada 
•  U.S. dollar denominated cash and short-term investments held in Canada 
•  Foreign denominated intercompany loans  

To  partially mitigate  the  effect  of  foreign  exchange fluctuations  on  future  commodity  revenues  and  expenses,  the 
Company may enter into foreign currency derivative contracts. As at December 31, 2019, the Company has entered 
into $425 million notional U.S. dollar denominated currency swaps at an average exchange rate of US$0.7483 to C$1, 
which mature monthly throughout 2020. 

As at December 31, 2019, the Company had $4.4 billion in U.S. dollar long-term debt and $160 million in U.S. dollar 
finance lease obligations issued from Canada that were subject to foreign exchange exposure. 

The table below summarizes the sensitivity to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, with all other variables held constant. 
The Company has used a 10 percent variability to assess the potential impact from Canadian to U.S. foreign currency 
exchange rate changes. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could have resulted in unrealized gains (losses) 
impacting pre-tax net earnings as follows: 

(US$ millions) 
Foreign currency exchange 

INTEREST RATE RISK 

December 31, 2019 

10% Rate 
Increase     

   $ 

(226 )    $ 

10% Rate 
Decrease   
277   

Interest rate risk arises from changes in market interest rates that may affect the fair value or future cash flows from 
the Company’s financial assets or liabilities. The Company may partially mitigate its exposure to interest rate changes 
by holding a mix of both fixed and floating rate  debt and may also enter into interest rate  derivatives to partially 
mitigate effects of fluctuations in market interest rates. 

As at December 31, 2019, the Company had floating rate debt of $698 million. Accordingly, the  sensitivity in net 
earnings for each one percent change in interest rates on floating rate debt was $5 million (2018 - nil).  

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Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data  

Management Report 

Management’s Responsibility for Consolidated Financial Statements 

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company are the responsibility of Management. The 
Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by Management in United States dollars in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and include certain estimates that reflect Management’s 
best judgments.  

Ovintiv’s Board of Directors has approved the information contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The 
Board of Directors fulfills its responsibility regarding the financial statements mainly through its Audit Committee, 
which has a written mandate that complies with the requirements of Canadian and United States securities legislation 
and the Audit Committee guidelines of the New York Stock Exchange. The Audit Committee meets at least on a 
quarterly basis. 

Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Management  is  also  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  the  Company’s 
financial  reporting.  The  internal  control  system  was  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  to  the  Company’s 
Management regarding the preparation and presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Internal  control  systems,  no  matter  how  well  designed,  have  inherent  limitations.  Therefore,  even  those  systems 
determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and 
presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls 
may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  that  the  degree  of  compliance  with  the  policies  or 
procedures may deteriorate. 

Management has assessed the design and effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as 
at December 31, 2019. In making its assessment, Management has used the Internal Control - Integrated Framework 
(2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  to  evaluate  the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on our evaluation, Management has 
concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as at that date.   

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent firm of chartered professional accountants, was appointed by a vote of 
shareholders at the Company’s last annual meeting to audit and provide independent opinions on both the Consolidated 
Financial Statements and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2019, as stated 
in their Auditor’s Report. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has provided such opinions. 

/s/ Douglas J. Suttles 
Douglas J. Suttles 
Chief Executive Officer 

February 21, 2020 

/s/ Corey D. Code 
Corey D. Code 
Executive Vice-President & 
Chief Financial Officer 

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Auditor’s Report 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Ovintiv Inc.  

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  of  Ovintiv  Inc.  (successor  issuer  to  Encana 
Corporation) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related 
Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income, Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and Cash Flows for 
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as 
the  “Consolidated  Financial  Statements”).  We  also  have  audited  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). 

In our opinion, the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash 
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles 
generally accepted  in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material 
respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in 
Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. 

Change in Accounting Principle 

As  discussed  in  Note  1  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  the  Company  changed  the  manner  in  which  it 
accounts for leases in 2019 due to the adoption of ASC Topic 842, Leases. 

Basis for Opinions 

The Company's management is responsible for these Consolidated Financial Statements, for maintaining effective 
internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial 
reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our 
responsibility  is  to  express  opinions  on  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  on  the  Company's 
internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public 
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect 
to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the  applicable rules and regulations of the 
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the PCAOB.  

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Consolidated Financial Statements are free of 
material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting 
was maintained in all material respects.  

Our audits of the Consolidated Financial Statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material 
misstatement of the Consolidated Financial Statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that 
respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and 
disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles 
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of 
internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating 
the  design  and  operating  effectiveness  of  internal  control  based  on  the  assessed  risk.  Our  audits  also  included 
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide 
a reasonable basis for our opinions.  

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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those 
policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly 
reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  company;  (ii)  provide  reasonable  assurance  that 
transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance 
with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have 
a material effect on the financial statements.  

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate. 

Critical Audit Matters  

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) 
relate  to  accounts  or  disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  (ii)  involved  our 
especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter 
in any way our opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating 
the  critical  audit  matters  below,  providing  separate  opinions  on  the  critical  audit  matters  or  on  the  accounts  or 
disclosures to which they relate.  

The impact of estimates of proved oil, Natural Gas Liquids (“NGL”) and natural gas reserves on net oil and natural 
gas proved properties 

As described in Notes 1 and 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has net oil and natural gas 
proved properties balance of $11,211 million at December 31, 2019 and depreciation, depletion, and amortization 
(“DD&A”) expense of $2,015 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company uses the full cost method 
of accounting for its acquisition, exploration, and development activities. Capitalized costs accumulated within each 
cost  centre  are  depleted  using  the  unit-of-production  method  based  on  proved  oil,  NGL  and  natural  gas  reserves. 
Proved  oil,  NGL  and  natural  gas  reserve  estimates  are  key  inputs  to  the  Company’s  depletion  and  ceiling  test 
impairment calculations. A ceiling test impairment is recognized in net earnings when the carrying amount of a country 
cost centre exceeds the country cost centre ceiling. Management estimates its proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves 
according to the definition of proved reserves provided by the SEC. Management’s estimates of proved oil, NGL and 
natural gas reserves are made using available geological and reservoir data as well as production performance data. 
Proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves are those quantities of oil and natural gas, which by analysis of geoscience 
and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible in future periods from 
known  reservoirs  under  existing  economic  conditions,  operating  methods  and  government  regulations.  The 
assumptions used by management to determine estimates of the proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves and the 
ceiling test impairment calculation include the average beginning-of-the-month prices during the 12-month period for 
the year, future production estimates, future production and development costs and estimates for abandonment and 
dismantlement costs associated with asset retirement obligations. The estimation of reserves is a subjective process. 
In determining the estimates of the proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves, management utilizes the services of 
specialists, specifically petroleum engineers.   

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the impact of estimates of 
proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves on net oil and natural gas proved properties is a critical audit matter are that 
there was significant judgment used by management, including the use of specialists, when developing the estimates 
of the proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves and performing the ceiling test impairment calculation, which in turn 
led to a high degree of auditor judgment, effort and subjectivity in performing procedures to evaluate the significant 
assumptions used in developing those estimates including the average beginning-of-the-month prices during the 12-

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month period for the year, future production estimates, future production and development costs and estimates for 
abandonment and dismantlement costs associated with asset retirement obligations.    

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our 
overall  opinion  on  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  These  procedures  included  testing  the  effectiveness  of 
controls  relating  to  management’s  estimates  of  proved  oil,  NGL  and  natural  gas  reserves,  the  country  cost  centre 
ceiling and DD&A expense. These procedures also included, among others,  evaluating management’s  impairment 
calculation  and  testing  the  unit-of-production  rate  used  to  calculate  depletion  expense,  testing  the  completeness, 
accuracy and relevance of underlying data and evaluating the appropriateness of the significant assumptions used by 
management  in  developing  these  estimates,  including  assumptions  related  to  the  average  beginning-of-the-month 
prices during the 12-month period for the year, future production estimates, future production and development costs, 
and estimates for abandonment and dismantlement costs associated with asset retirement obligations. The work of 
management’s specialists was used in performing procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the estimates of proved 
oil, NGL and natural gas reserves. As a basis for using this work, the specialists’ qualifications and objectivity were 
understood,  as  well  as  their  methods  and  assumptions.  The  procedures  also  included  testing  of  data  used  by  the 
specialist and an evaluation of their findings. Evaluating the significant assumptions also involved evaluating whether 
the  assumptions  used  were  reasonable  considering  the  past  performance  of  the  Company  and  whether  they  were 
consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. 

Valuation of proved and unproved properties - Acquisition of Newfield Exploration Company (“Newfield”) 

As described in Notes 1 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on February 13, 2019 the Company completed 
the acquisition of the issued and outstanding common stock of Newfield. The transaction was accounted for under the 
acquisition  method,  which  requires  that  the  assets  acquired,  and  the  liabilities  assumed  be  recognized  at  their  fair 
values as of the acquisition date, with any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets 
acquired recorded as goodwill. The purchase price of the transaction was for net consideration of $3,483 million. The 
assets acquired included the proved properties and unproved properties which were valued at $5,903 million and $838 
million, respectively. Management estimated the fair value of the proved and unproved properties using a discounted 
cash flow model. Management applied significant judgement in estimating the proved and probable reserves and the 
fair  value  of  the  proved  and  unproved  properties  acquired,  which  involved  the  use  of  significant  estimates  and 
assumptions  as  applicable  which  includes  discount  rates,  future  commodity  prices  and  costs,  the  timing  of 
development  activities,  projections  of  oil,  NGL  and  natural  gas  reserves  and  estimates  to  abandon  and  reclaim 
producing  wells.  In  determining  the  estimates  of  the  proved  and  probable  oil,  NGL  and  natural  gas  reserves, 
management utilizes the services of specialists, specifically petroleum engineers. 

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of proved and 
unproved properties in the acquisition of Newfield is a critical audit matter are that there was a significant amount of 
judgement required by management, including the use of specialists, when developing the estimates of proved and 
probable  oil,  NGL  and  natural  gas  reserves  and  the  fair  value  measurement  of  proved  and  unproved  properties 
acquired. This led to a high degree of auditor judgment and effort in evaluating the relevant assumptions relating to 
the estimates,  such as the discount rates,  future commodity prices and costs, the  timing of development activities, 
projections of oil, NGL and natural gas reserves and estimates to abandon and reclaim producing wells. In addition, 
the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the audit 
evidence obtained.  

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our 
overall  opinion  on  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  These  procedures  included  testing  the  effectiveness  of 
controls relating to the acquisition accounting, including controls over management’s valuation of the  proved and 
unproved properties and controls over the development of the assumptions used in this valuation.  These procedures 
also included, among others, reading the purchase agreement, testing management’s process for estimating the fair 
value of the proved and unproved properties, using professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in 
doing so. Testing management’s process included testing the completeness, accuracy and relevance of underlying data 
used  in  management’s  discounted  cash  flow  model,  the  appropriateness  of  the  discounted  cash  flow  model  and 
evaluating the reasonableness of the discount rates used in the discounted cash flow model by considering the cost of 
capital  of  comparable  businesses  and  the  implied  discount  rates  of  other  market  transactions.    Assessing  the 
reasonableness  of  the  assumptions  related  to  the  estimates  included  evaluating  the  future  commodity  prices  by 
comparing to other third-party pricing forecasts, and evaluating future costs, the timing of development activities, 

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projections of oil, NGL and natural gas reserves and estimates to abandon and reclaim producing wells to a market 
participant by considering the past performance of the properties and evaluating the reasonableness of the fair value 
based on the fair value of other comparable acquired businesses. The work of management’s specialists was used in 
performing procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the estimates of proved and probable oil, NGL and natural 
gas reserves. As a basis for using this work, the specialists’ qualifications and objectivity were understood, as well as 
their methods and assumptions. The procedures also included testing of data used by the specialist and an evaluation 
of their findings. 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Chartered Professional Accountants 
Calgary, Canada 

February 21, 2020 

We have served as the Company’s or its predecessors’ auditor since 1958. 

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Consolidated Statement of Earnings 

For the years ended December 31 (US$ millions, except per share amounts) 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Revenues 

Product and service revenues 

Gains (losses) on risk management, net 

Sublease revenues 

Total Revenues 

Operating Expenses 

Production, mineral and other taxes 

Transportation and processing 

Operating 

Purchased product 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization 

Accretion of asset retirement obligation 

Administrative 

Total Operating Expenses 

Operating Income (Loss) 

Other (Income) Expenses 

Interest 

Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net 

(Gain) loss on divestitures, net 

Other (gains) losses, net 

Total Other (Income) Expenses 

Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax 

Income tax expense (recovery) 

Net Earnings (Loss) 

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share (1) 

Basic & Diluted 

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (millions) (1) 

Basic & Diluted 

(Notes 2, 3)      

     $ 

(Note 25)      

(Note 2)      

(Notes 14, 25)      

(Notes 14, 22, 23)      

(Note 17)      

(Notes 14, 21, 22, 23)      

(Notes 4, 15)      

(Notes 5, 25)      

(Note 9)      

(Notes 8, 23)      

(Note 6)      

     $ 

7,013     $ 
(361 )     
74       
6,726       

254       
1,558       
732       
1,043       
2,015       
37       
489       
6,128       
598       

382       
(119 )     
(3 )     
23       
283       
315       
81       
234     $ 

5,457      $ 

3,892   

415        

67        

482   

69   

5,939        

4,443   

147        

1,083        

454        

1,100        

1,272        

32        

157        

4,245        

1,694        

351        

168        

(5 )      

17        

531        

112   

845   

506   

788   

833   

37   

254   

3,375   

1,068   

363   

(279 ) 

(404 ) 

(42 ) 

(362 ) 

1,163        

1,430   

94        

1,069      $ 

603   

827   

(Note 18)    $ 

0.90     $ 

5.57      $ 

4.25   

(Note 18)      

261.2       

192.0        

194.6   

(1)   Net earnings  (loss) per  common  share  and  weighted  average  common  shares outstanding  reflect  the  Share  Consolidation  as  described  in 

Note 1. Accordingly, the comparative periods have been restated. 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income  

For the years ended December 31 (US$ millions) 

2019   

2018   

2017   

Net Earnings (Loss) 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax 

Foreign currency translation adjustment 

Pension and other post-employment benefit plans 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

     $ 

234   

  $ 

1,069   

  $ 

827   

(Note 19)      

(Notes 19, 23)      

28   

20   

48   

(53 ) 

9   

(44 ) 

     $ 

282   

  $ 

1,025   

  $ 

(171 ) 

3   

(168 ) 

659   

80 

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Consolidated Balance Sheet 

As at December 31 (US$ millions) 

Assets 

Current Assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable and accrued revenues 
Risk management 
Income tax receivable 

Property, Plant and Equipment, at cost: 

Oil and natural gas properties, based on full cost accounting 

Proved properties 
Unproved properties 

Other 
Property, plant and equipment 
Less: Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization 
Property, plant and equipment, net 

Other Assets 
Risk Management 
Deferred Income Taxes 
Goodwill 

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity 

Current Liabilities 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities 
Income tax payable 
Risk management 
Current portion of long-term debt 

Long-Term Debt 
Operating Lease Liabilities 
Other Liabilities and Provisions 
Risk Management 
Asset Retirement Obligation 
Deferred Income Taxes 

     $ 

(Note 7) 
(Notes 24, 25) 

(Note 10) 

(Note 1) 

(Note 2) 
(Notes 1, 10, 11, 14) 
(Notes 24, 25) 
(Note 6) 
(Notes 2, 8, 12) 
(Note 2) 

  $ 

(Note 13) 
 (Notes 1, 14) 

  $ 

(Notes 24, 25) 
(Note 15) 

(Note 15) 
(Notes 1, 14) 
(Notes 1, 14, 16) 
(Notes 24, 25) 
(Note 17) 
(Note 6) 

Commitments and Contingencies 
Shareholders’ Equity 
Share capital 
  2019 issued and outstanding: 259.8 million shares (2018: 190.5 million shares) (1) 
Paid in surplus 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 

(Note 27) 

(Note 18) 
(Note 18) 

(Note 19) 

Total Shareholders’ Equity 

     $ 

2019   

2018   

  $ 

190   
1,235   
148   
296   
1,869   

  $ 

  $ 

51,210   
3,714   
904   
55,828   
(40,637 ) 
15,191   
1,213   
2   
601   
2,611   
21,487   

2,239   
78   
1   
114   
-   
2,432   
6,974   
977   
464   
68   
425   
217   
11,557   

7,061        

1,402   
421   
1,046   
9,930   
21,487   

  $ 

1,058   
789   
554   
275   
2,676   

41,241   
3,730   
2,122   
47,093   
(38,121 ) 
8,972   
147   
161   
835   
2,553   
15,344   

1,490   
-   
1   
25   
500   
2,016   
3,698   
-   
1,769   
22   
365   
27   
7,897   

4,656   
1,358   
435   
998   
7,447   
15,344   

(1)  Common shares outstanding, for the current and prior period, reflect the Share Consolidation as described in Note 1. 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

Approved by the Board of Directors 

/s/ Clayton H. Woitas 
Clayton H. Woitas 
Director 

/s/ Bruce G. Waterman 
Bruce G. Waterman 
Director 

81 

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Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity 

       Accumulated       
Other      

Total   
Paid in       Retained     Comprehensive     Shareholders’   
Equity   

Income     

Share      

     Capital       Surplus       Earnings      

For the year ended December 31, 2019 (US$ millions) 

Balance, December 31, 2018 

Net Earnings (Loss) 
Dividends on Common Shares ($0.375 per share (1)) 
Common Shares Purchased under Substantial Issuer Bid    
Common Shares Purchased under Normal 
    Course Issuer Bid 
Common Shares Issued 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Impact of Adoption of Topic 842 

Balance, December 31, 2019 

For the year ended December 31, 2018 (US$ millions) 

    $ 

4,656      $ 

1,358      $ 

(Note 18)      

-        

-        

-        

-        

435      $ 

234        

(102 )      

(Note 18)      

(257 )      

44        

-        

   (Note 18)      
(Notes 8, 18)      
(Note 19)      

(Note 1)      

(816 )      

3,478        

-        

-        

-        

-        

-        

-        

(221 )      

-        

-        

75        

998      $ 

7,447   

-        

-        

-        

-        

-        

48        

-        

234   

(102 ) 

(213 ) 

(1,037 ) 

3,478   

48   

75   

    $ 

7,061      $ 

1,402      $ 

421      $ 

1,046      $ 

9,930   

Total   
Share      Paid in     (Accumulated     Comprehensive     Shareholders’   
Equity   

Deficit)     

Income     

Other     

     Capital      Surplus     

Retained      Accumulated          
Earnings     

Balance, December 31, 2017 

    $ 

4,757     $ 

1,358     $ 

Net Earnings (Loss) 
Dividends on Common Shares ($0.30 per share (1)) 

Common Shares Purchased under Normal 
    Course Issuer Bid 
Common Shares Issued Under 
    Dividend Reinvestment Plan 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Balance, December 31, 2018 

For the year ended December 31, 2017 (US$ millions) 

(Note 18)     

   (Note 18)     
   (Note 18)     

(Note 19)     

-       

-       

(102 )     

1       

-       

-       

-       

-       

-       

-       

(429 )   $ 

1,069       

(57 )     

(148 )     

-       

-       

1,042     $ 

-       

-       

-       

-       

(44 )     

998     $ 

6,728   

1,069   

(57 ) 

(250 ) 

1   

(44 ) 

7,447   

    $ 

4,656     $ 

1,358     $ 

435     $ 

Total   
Share      Paid in     (Accumulated     Comprehensive     Shareholders’   
Equity   

Deficit)     

Income     

Other     

     Capital      Surplus     

Retained      Accumulated          
Earnings     

Balance, December 31, 2016 

    $ 

4,756     $ 

1,358     $ 

(1,198 )   $ 

1,210     $ 

6,126   

Net Earnings (Loss) 
Dividends on Common Shares ($0.30 per share (1)) 

Common Shares Issued Under 
    Dividend Reinvestment Plan 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Balance, December 31, 2017 

(Note 18)     

   (Note 18)     

(Note 19)     

-       

-       

1       

-       

-       

-       

-       

-       

827       

(58 )     

-       

-       

    $ 

4,757     $ 

1,358     $ 

(429 )   $ 

-       

-       

-       

(168 )     

1,042     $ 

827   

(58 ) 

1   

(168 ) 

6,728   

(1)  Dividends per share reflect the Share Consolidation as described in Note 1. On a pre-Share Consolidation basis, dividends were $0.075 per 

share for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018 - $0.06 per share; 2017 - $0.06 per share). 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

82 

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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

For the years ended December 31 (US$ millions) 

2019   

2018   

2017   

Operating Activities 

Net earnings (loss) 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization 

Accretion of asset retirement obligation 

Deferred income taxes 

Unrealized (gain) loss on risk management 

Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss 

Foreign exchange on settlements 

(Gain) loss on divestitures, net 

Other 

Net change in other assets and liabilities 

Net change in non-cash working capital 

Cash From (Used in) Operating Activities 

Investing Activities 

Capital expenditures 

Acquisitions 

Corporate acquisition, net of cash and restricted cash acquired 

Proceeds from divestitures 

Net change in investments and other 

Cash From (Used in) Investing Activities 

Financing Activities 

Net issuance (repayment) of revolving long-term debt 

Repayment of long-term debt 

Purchase of common shares 

Dividends on common shares 

Finance lease payments and other financing arrangements 

Cash From (Used in) Financing Activities 

Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss) on Cash, Cash Equivalents 

and Restricted Cash Held in Foreign Currency 

Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash    
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Year 

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Year 

Cash, End of Year 

Cash Equivalents, End of Year 

Restricted Cash, End of Year 

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Year 

     $ 

234   

  $ 

1,069   

  $ 

2,015   

37   

94   

730   
(23 )      
(96 )      
(3 )      
(57 )      
(97 )      
87   

1,272   

32   

149   

(519 ) 

233   

(46 ) 

(5 ) 

(70 ) 

(60 ) 

245   

2,921   

2,300   

827   

833   

37   

666   

(442 ) 

(291 ) 

24   

(404 ) 

93   

(40 ) 

(253 ) 

1,050   

(2,626 )      
(65 )      
94   

197   
(156 )      
(2,556 )      

698   
(500 )      
(1,250 )      
(102 )      
(84 )      
(1,238 )      

5   
(868 )      
1,058   

  $ 
190   
44      $ 
146   

-   

190   

  $ 

(1,975 ) 

(1,796 ) 

(17 ) 

-   

493   

(56 ) 

(54 ) 

-   

736   

77   

(1,555 ) 

(1,037 ) 

-   

-   

(250 ) 

(56 ) 

(90 ) 

(396 ) 

(10 ) 

339   

719   

1,058   

  $ 

52   

  $ 

1,006   

-   

1,058   

  $ 

-   

-   

-   

(57 ) 

(82 ) 

(139 ) 

11   

(115 ) 

834   

719   

51   

668   

-   

719   

(Note 17)      

(Note 6)      

(Note 25)      

(Note 5)      

(Note 5)      

(Note 9)      

(Note 26)      

(Note 2)      

(Note 9)      

(Note 8)      

(Note 9)      

(Note 15)      

(Note 15)      

(Note 18)      

(Note 18)      

(Note 14)      

     $ 

     $ 

     $ 

Supplementary Cash Flow Information 

(Note 26)      

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

83 

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1. 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  

A)  NATURE OF OPERATIONS 

On January 24, 2020, Encana Corporation (“Encana”) completed a corporate reorganization, which included a plan of 
arrangement (the “Arrangement”) that involved, among other things, a share consolidation by Encana on the basis of 
one  post-consolidation  share  for  each  five  pre-consolidation  shares  (the  “Share  Consolidation”),  and  Ovintiv  Inc. 
ultimately acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Encana in exchange for shares of common 
stock of Ovintiv Inc. on a one-for-one basis. Following completion of the Arrangement, Ovintiv Inc. migrated from 
Canada and became a Delaware corporation, domiciled in the U.S. (the “U.S. Domestication”). The Arrangement and 
the U.S. Domestication together are referred to as the “Reorganization”. Ovintiv Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, 
“Ovintiv”)  continue  to  carry  on  the  business  of  the  exploration  for,  the  development  of,  and  the  production  and 
marketing of oil, NGLs and natural gas, which was previously conducted by Encana and its subsidiaries prior to the 
completion of the Reorganization. References to the “Company” are to Encana Corporation and its subsidiaries prior 
to  the  completion  of  the  Reorganization  and  to  Ovintiv  Inc.  and  its  subsidiaries  following  the  completion  of  the 
Reorganization. 

B)  BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and are presented in conformity with 
U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC.  

In  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  unless  otherwise  indicated,  all  dollar  amounts  are  expressed  in  U.S. 
dollars. The Company’s financial results are consolidated in Canadian dollars; however, the Company has adopted 
the U.S. dollar as its reporting currency to facilitate a more direct comparison to other North American oil and gas 
companies. All references to US$ or to $ are to United States dollars and references to C$ are to Canadian dollars.  

The Arrangement, as described above, will be accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control. 
Accordingly, the resulting transactions will be recognized using historical carrying amounts. On January 24, 2020, 
Ovintiv became the reporting entity upon completion of the Reorganization. 

As  the  Share  Consolidation  described  above  was  completed  prior  to  the  issuance  of  these  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements, common shares and per-share amounts disclosed herein reflect the post-Share Consolidation shares unless 
otherwise specified. 

Following the U.S. Domestication, on January 24, 2020, the functional currency of Ovintiv Inc. became U.S. dollars, 
and accordingly, the financial results will be consolidated and reported in U.S. dollars. 

C)  PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION  

The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company  and  entities  in  which  it  holds  a 
controlling interest. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated on consolidation. Undivided interests 
in oil and natural gas exploration and production joint ventures and partnerships are consolidated on a proportionate 
basis. Investments in non-controlled entities over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence 
are accounted for using the equity method.  

D)  FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION  

Monetary assets and liabilities of the Company that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates 
of  exchange  in  effect  at  the  period  end  date.  Any  gains  or  losses  are  recorded  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of 
Earnings. Foreign currency revenues and expenses are translated at the rates of exchange in effect at the time of the 
transaction.   

Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at period end exchange rates, while the related revenues and 
expenses  are  translated  using  average  rates  during  the  period.  Translation  gains  and  losses  relating  to  foreign 
operations  are  included  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  (“AOCI”).  Recognition  of  accumulated 
translation  gains  and  losses  into  net  earnings  occurs  upon  complete  or  substantially  complete  liquidation  of  the 
Company’s investment in the foreign operation. 

84 

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For  financial  statement  presentation,  assets  and  liabilities  are  translated  into  the  reporting  currency  at  period  end 
exchange  rates,  while  revenues  and  expenses  are  translated  using  average  rates  over  the  period.  Gains  and  losses 
relating to the financial statement translation are included in AOCI. Following the U.S. Domestication, the functional 
currency of Ovintiv Inc. became U.S. dollars, and accordingly, the financial results will be consolidated and reported 
in U.S. dollars. 

E)  USE OF ESTIMATES 

Preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires Management to make 
informed  estimates  and  assumptions  and  use  judgments  that  affect  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and 
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported 
amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Such estimates primarily relate to unsettled transactions and 
events as of the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Accordingly, actual results may differ from estimated 
amounts as future events occur. 

Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions are: 

•  Estimates of proved reserves used for depletion and ceiling test impairment calculations 
•  Estimated fair value of long-term assets used for impairment calculations 
•  Fair value of reporting units used for the assessment of goodwill 
•  Estimates of future taxable earnings used to assess the realizable value of deferred tax assets 
•  Estimates of incremental borrowing rates and lease terms used in the measurement of right-of-use (“ROU”) 

assets and lease liabilities 

•  Fair value of asset retirement costs and related obligations 
•  Fair value of derivative instruments 
•  Fair value attributed to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations 
•  Tax  interpretations,  regulations  and  legislation  in  the  various  jurisdictions  in  which  the  Company  and  its 

subsidiaries operate 

•  Accruals  for  long-term  performance-based  compensation  arrangements,  including  whether  or  not  the 

performance criteria will be met and measurement of the ultimate payout amount 

•  Recognized values of pension assets and obligations, as well as the pension costs charged to net earnings, 

depend on certain actuarial and economic assumptions 
•  Accruals for legal claims, environmental risks and exposures 

F)  REVENUES FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS 

Revenues from contracts with customers associated with the Company’s oil, NGLs and natural gas and third party 
processing and gathering are recognized when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer, and title 
or risk of loss transfers to the customer. Transaction prices are determined at inception of the contract and allocated 
to the performance obligations identified. Variable consideration is estimated and included in the transaction price, 
unless the variable consideration is constrained.  

For product sales, the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when the product is delivered to the 
customer and control is transferred. Payment from the customer is due when the product is delivered to the custody 
point. Revenues for product sales are presented on an after-royalties basis. For arrangements to gather and process 
natural gas for third parties, performance obligations are satisfied over time as the service is provided to the customer. 
Payment from the customer is due when the customer receives the benefit of the service and the product is delivered 
to the custody point or plant tailgate. Revenues associated with services provided where the Company acts as agent 
are recorded on a net basis. 

G)  PRODUCTION, MINERAL AND OTHER TAXES  

Costs paid by the Company for taxes based on production or revenues from oil, NGLs and natural gas are recognized 
when the product is produced. Costs paid by the Company for taxes on the valuation of upstream assets and reserves 
are recognized when incurred. 

85 

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H)  TRANSPORTATION AND PROCESSING  

Costs paid by the Company for the transportation and processing of oil, NGLs and natural gas are recognized when 
the product is delivered and the services made available or provided.   

I)  OPERATING  

Operating costs paid by the Company, net of amounts capitalized, are recognized for oil and natural gas properties in 
which the Company has a working interest.  

J) 

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS  

The Company sponsors defined contribution and defined benefit plans, providing pension and other post-employment 
benefits to its employees in Canada and the U.S. As of January 1, 2003, the defined benefit pension plan was closed 
to new entrants. 

Pension expense for the defined contribution pension plan is recorded as the benefits are earned by the employees 
covered by the plans. The Company accrues for its obligations under its employee defined benefit plans, net of plan 
assets. The cost of defined benefit pensions and other post-employment benefits is actuarially determined using the 
projected benefit method based on length of service  and reflects Management’s best estimate  of salary escalation, 
mortality rates, retirement ages of employees and expected future health care costs. The expected return on plan assets 
is based on historical and projected rates of return for assets in the investment plan portfolio. The actual return is based 
on the fair value of plan assets. The projected benefit obligation is discounted using the market interest rate on high-
quality corporate debt instruments as at the measurement date.   

Defined benefit pension plan expenses include the cost of pension benefits earned during the current year, the interest 
cost on pension obligations, the expected return on pension plan assets, the amortization of adjustments arising from 
pension plan amendments, the amortization of net prior service costs, and the amortization of the excess of the net 
actuarial  gains  or  losses  over  10  percent  of  the  greater  of  the  benefit  obligation  and  the  fair  value  of  plan  assets. 
Amortization  is  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  a  period  covering  the  expected  average  remaining  service  lives  of 
employees covered by the plans. All components of the net defined periodic benefit cost, excluding the service cost 
component, are included in other (gains) losses, net. 

K) 

INCOME TAXES  

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes 
are recorded for the effect of any temporary difference between the accounting and income tax basis of an asset or 
liability, using the enacted income tax rates and laws expected to apply when the assets are realized and liabilities are 
settled. Current income taxes are measured at the amount expected to be recoverable from or payable to the taxing 
authorities based on the income tax rates and laws enacted at the end of the reporting period. The effect of a change 
in the enacted tax rates or laws is recognized in net earnings in the period of enactment. Income taxes are recognized 
in net earnings except to the extent that they relate to items recognized directly in shareholders’ equity, in which case 
the income taxes are recognized directly in shareholders’ equity. 

Deferred income tax assets are assessed routinely for realizability. If it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets 
will  not  be  realized,  a  valuation  allowance  is  recorded  to  reduce  the  deferred  tax  assets.  The  Company  considers 
available positive and negative evidence when assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets including historic and 
expected future taxable earnings, available tax planning strategies and carry forward periods. The assumptions used 
in determining expected future taxable earnings are consistent with those used in the goodwill impairment assessment.  

The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the 
technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. A recognized tax position 
is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of 
being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority. Liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits that are not expected 
to be settled within the next 12 months are included in other liabilities and provisions. Interest related to unrecognized 
tax benefits is recognized in interest expense. 

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L)  EARNINGS PER SHARE AMOUNTS  

Basic net earnings per common share is computed by dividing the net earnings by the weighted average number of 
common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net earnings per common share amounts are calculated giving 
effect to the potential dilution that would occur if stock options were exercised or other contracts to issue common 
shares were exercised, fully vested, or converted to common shares. The treasury stock method is used to determine 
the dilutive effect of stock options and other dilutive instruments. The treasury stock method assumes that proceeds 
received  from  the  exercise  of  in-the-money  stock  options  and  other  dilutive  instruments  are  used  to  repurchase 
common shares at the average market price. 

M)  CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS  

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and short-term investments, such as money market deposits or similar 
type instruments, with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Outstanding disbursements issued in excess 
of applicable bank account balances are excluded from cash and cash equivalents and are recorded in accounts payable 
and accrued liabilities.  

N)  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

UPSTREAM 

The  Company  uses  the  full  cost  method  of  accounting  for  its  acquisition,  exploration  and  development  activities. 
Accordingly,  all  costs  directly  associated  with  the  acquisition  of,  the  exploration  for,  and  the  development  of  oil, 
NGLs  and  natural  gas  reserves,  including  costs  of  undeveloped  leaseholds,  dry  holes  and  related  equipment,  are 
capitalized on a country-by-country cost center basis. Capitalized costs exclude costs relating to production, general 
overhead or similar activities. 

Capitalized  costs  accumulated  within  each  cost  center  are  depleted  using  the  unit-of-production  method  based  on 
proved  reserves.  Depletion  is  calculated  using  the  capitalized  costs,  including  estimated  retirement  costs,  plus  the 
undiscounted future expenditures, based on current costs, to be incurred in developing proved reserves. 

Costs  associated  with  unproved  properties  are  excluded  from  the  depletion  calculation  until  it  is  determined  that 
proved  reserves  are  attributable  or  impairment  has  occurred.  Unproved  properties  are  assessed  separately  for 
impairment on a quarterly basis. Costs that have been impaired are included in the costs subject to depletion within 
the full cost pool.   

Under the full cost method of accounting, the carrying amount of the Company’s oil and natural gas properties within 
each country cost center is subject to a ceiling test at the end of each quarter. A ceiling test impairment is recognized 
in net earnings when the carrying amount of a country cost center exceeds the country cost center ceiling. The carrying 
amount of a cost center includes capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated depletion 
and the related deferred income taxes.  

The cost center ceiling is the sum of the estimated after-tax future net cash flows from proved reserves, using the 12-
month average trailing prices and unescalated future development and production costs, discounted at 10 percent, plus 
unproved property costs. The 12-month average trailing price is calculated as the average of the price on the first day 
of each month within the trailing 12-month period. Any excess of the carrying amount over the calculated ceiling 
amount is recognized as an impairment in net earnings.   

Proceeds from the divestiture of properties are normally deducted from the full cost pool without recognition of a gain 
or loss unless the deduction significantly alters the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves in the 
cost center, in which case a gain or loss is recognized in net earnings. Generally, a gain or loss on a divestiture would 
be recognized when 25 percent or more of the Company’s proved reserves quantities are sold in a particular country 
cost center. For divestitures that result in the recognition of a gain or loss on the sale and constitute a business, goodwill 
is allocated to the divestiture. 

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CORPORATE 

Costs  associated  with  office  furniture,  fixtures,  leasehold  improvements,  information  technology  and  aircraft  are 
carried at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated service lives of the assets, which range from 
three to 25 years. Assets under construction are not subject to depreciation until put into use. Land is carried at cost. 

O)  CAPITALIZATION OF COSTS  

Expenditures related to renewals or betterments that improve the productive capacity or extend the life of an asset are 
capitalized.  Maintenance  and  repairs  are  expensed  as  incurred.  Interest  on  borrowings  associated  with  major 
development projects is capitalized during the construction phase.  

P)  BUSINESS COMBINATIONS  

Business  combinations  are  accounted  for  using  the  acquisition  method.  The  acquired  identifiable  net  assets  are 
measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. Deferred taxes are recognized for any differences between the fair 
value of net assets acquired and the related tax bases. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net 
assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Any deficiency of the purchase price below the fair value of the net assets 
acquired is recorded as a gain in net earnings. Associated transaction costs are expensed when incurred. 

Q)  GOODWILL  

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired and is assessed for impairment 
at least annually at December 31. Goodwill and all other assets and liabilities are allocated to reporting units, which 
are  the  Company’s  country  cost  centers.  To  assess  impairment,  the  carrying  amount  of  each  reporting  unit  is 
determined and compared to the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including 
goodwill, is higher than its related fair value then goodwill is written down to the reporting unit’s implied fair value 
of goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by deducting the fair value of the reporting unit’s assets 
and  liabilities  from  the  fair  value  of  the  reporting  unit  as  if  the  reporting  entity  had  been  acquired  in  a  business 
combination. Any excess of the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill is recognized as an 
impairment  and  charged  to  net  earnings.  Subsequent  measurement  of  goodwill  is  at  cost  less  any  accumulated 
impairments. 

R) 

IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-TERM ASSETS  

The  carrying  value  of  long-term  assets,  excluding  goodwill  and  upstream  assets  included  in  property,  plant  and 
equipment, is assessed for impairment when indicators suggest that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may 
not be recoverable. If the carrying amount exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the 
continued use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group, an impairment is recognized for the excess of the 
carrying amount over its estimated fair value. 

S)  ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATION  

Asset retirement obligations are those legal obligations where the Company will be required to retire tangible long-
lived assets such as producing well sites, an offshore production platform, processing plants, and restoring land or 
seabed at the end of oil and gas production operations. The asset retirement obligation is initially measured at its fair 
value and recorded as a liability with an offsetting retirement cost that is capitalized as part of the related long-lived 
asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The estimated fair value is measured by reference to the expected future cash 
flows required to satisfy the obligation, discounted at the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Changes in the 
estimated obligation resulting from revisions to estimated timing or amount of future cash flows are recognized as a 
change in the asset retirement obligation and the related asset retirement cost. 

Amortization of asset retirement costs are included in depreciation, depletion and amortization in the Consolidated 
Statement of Earnings. Increases in the asset retirement obligations resulting from the passage of time are recorded as 
accretion of asset retirement obligation in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. 

Actual expenditures incurred are charged against the accumulated asset retirement obligation. 

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T) 

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION  

Stock-based compensation arrangements are accounted for at fair value. Fair values are determined using observable 
share prices and/or pricing models such as the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. For equity-settled stock-
based compensation plans, fair values are determined at the grant date and are recognized over the vesting period as 
compensation costs with a corresponding credit to shareholders’ equity. For cash-settled stock-based compensation 
plans, fair values are determined at each reporting date and periodic changes are recognized as compensation costs, 
with  a  corresponding  change  to  liabilities.  Compensation  costs  are  recognized  over  the  vesting  period  using  the 
accelerated  attribution  method  for  awards  with  a  graded  vesting  feature.  Forfeitures  are  estimated  based  on  the 
Company’s historical turnover rates.  

U)  LEASES  

Leases for the right to use an asset are classified as either an operating or finance lease. Upon commencement of the 
lease, a ROU asset and corresponding lease liability are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet for all operating 
and finance leases. The Company has elected the short-term lease exemption, which does not require a ROU asset or 
lease liability to be recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet when the lease term is 12 months or less and does 
not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise.    

Upon commencement of the lease, ROU assets are recognized based on the initial measurement of the lease liability 
and  adjusted  for  any  lease  payments  made  before  commencement  date  of  the  lease,  less  any  lease  incentives  and 
including  any  initial  direct  costs  incurred.  Lease  liabilities  are  initially  measured  at  the  present  value  of  future 
minimum lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to determine the present value is the rate implicit 
in the lease unless that rate cannot be determined, in which case the Company’s incremental borrowing rate is used.   

Rights to extend or terminate a lease are included in the lease term when there is reasonable certainty the right will be 
exercised.  Factors  used  to  assess  reasonable  certainty  of  rights  to  extend  or  terminate  a  lease  include  current  and 
forecasted  drillings  plans,  anticipated  changes  in  development  strategies,  historical  practice  in  extending  similar 
contracts and current market conditions. 

Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are subsequently measured at the present value of the lease payments not 
yet paid and discounted at the initial discount rate at commencement of the lease, less any impairments to the ROU 
asset. Operating lease expense and revenue from subleases are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings 
on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the 
estimated useful life of the asset if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option or ownership of the 
leased  asset  transfers  at  the  end  of  the  lease  term,  otherwise  the  leased  assets  are  amortized  over  the  lease  term. 
Amortization of finance lease ROU assets is included in depreciation, depletion and amortization in the Consolidated 
Statement of Earnings.  

Variable lease payments include changes in index rates, mobilization and demobilization costs related to oil and gas 
equipment and certain costs associated with office and building leases. Variable lease payments are recognized when 
incurred. Lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single lease component for compression, coolers and 
office subleases.  

V)  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly 
transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques include the market, income 
and cost approach. The market approach uses information generated by market transactions involving identical or 
comparable assets or liabilities; the income approach converts estimated future amounts to a present value; the cost 
approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace an asset.   

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Inputs used in determining fair value are characterized according to a hierarchy that prioritizes those inputs based on 
the degree to which they are observable. The three input levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: 

•  Level 1 - Inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, such as exchange-

traded commodity derivatives. 

•  Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, 
either directly or indirectly, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or 
other market corroborated inputs. 

•  Level 3 - Inputs that are not observable from objective sources, such as forward prices supported by little or 
no market activity or internally developed estimates of future cash flows used in a present value model. 

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes the most observable inputs available. If a fair value measurement 
reflects inputs at multiple levels within the hierarchy, the fair value measurement is characterized based on the lowest 
level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accrued revenues, and accounts payable 
and accrued liabilities reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet approximates fair value. The fair value of long-term 
debt is disclosed in Note 15. Fair value information related to pension plan assets is included in Note 23. Recurring 
fair value measurements are performed for risk management assets and liabilities and other derivative contracts as 
discussed in Note 24.   

Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value, such as asset retirement obligations and 
assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations or certain non-monetary exchange transactions. 

W)  RISK MANAGEMENT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 

Risk management assets and liabilities are derivative financial instruments used by the Company to manage economic 
exposure to market risks relating to commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. The use of 
these derivative instruments is governed under formal policies and is subject to limits established by the Board of 
Directors. 

Derivative instruments that do not qualify for the normal purchases and sales exemption are measured at fair value 
with changes in fair value recognized in net earnings. The fair values recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet 
reflect netting the asset and liability positions where counterparty master netting arrangements contain provisions for 
net settlement. Realized gains or losses from financial derivatives related to oil, NGLs and natural gas commodity 
prices are recognized in revenues as the contracts are settled. Realized gains or losses from foreign currency exchange 
swaps are recognized in foreign exchange (gain) loss as the contracts are settled.  

Realized gains or losses recognized from other derivative contracts related to certain payment obligations are presented 
in  revenues  as  the  obligations  are  settled.  Unrealized  gains  and  losses  recognized  are  presented  in  revenues,  and 
transportation and processing expense accordingly, at the end of each respective reporting period based on the changes 
in fair value of the contracts.     

X)  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, environmental and other sources are 
recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These 
accruals are adjusted as additional information becomes available or circumstances change. 

Y)  RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS 

Changes in Accounting Policies and Practices   

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases (“Topic 842”) and related amendments, using the 
modified retrospective approach recognizing a cumulative effect adjustment at the beginning of the reporting period 
in which Topic 842 was applied. Results for reporting the periods beginning after January 1, 2019, are presented in 

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accordance  with  Topic 842,  while  prior  periods  have  not  been  restated  and  are  reported  in  accordance  with  ASC 
Topic 840, Leases (“Topic 840”). On transition,  the  Company elected certain practical expedients permitted under 
Topic 842 which include: 

•  No  reassessment  of  the  classification  of  leases  previously  assessed  under  Topic 840,  whether  expired  or 

existing contracts contain leases, or initial direct costs of existing leases; and  

•  Application of Topic 842 prospectively to all new or modified land easements after January 1, 2019. 

The Company also elected the short-term lease exemption, which does not require a ROU asset or lease liability to be 
recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet when the lease term is 12 months or less. The policy and disclosures 
required under Topic 842 are included in Note 14, Leases.   

In accordance with Topic 842, the Company recognized a ROU asset and corresponding lease liability for all operating 
leases in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, other than leases with lease terms of 12 months or less. Prior to the adoption 
of Topic 842, operating leases were not recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. There was no impact to finance 
leases  on  transition  to  Topic 842.  The  impact  from  recognizing  operating  leases  on  the  Company’s  Consolidated 
Balance Sheet is as follows: 

(US$ millions) 

Property, Plant and Equipment, at cost: 

Oil and natural gas properties, based on full cost accounting 

Proved properties 
Unproved properties 

Other 
Property, plant and equipment 
Less: accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization 
Property, plant and equipment, net 

Other Assets 
Deferred Income Taxes 
Total Assets 

Current Liabilities 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities 
Income tax payable 
Risk management 
Current portion of long-term debt 

Operating Lease Liabilities 
Other Liabilities and Provisions 
Total Liabilities 

Retained Earnings 
Total Shareholders’ Equity 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity 

Reported as at     
   December 31, 2018     

Impact of       
Adoption       

Restated   
     Balances as at   
     January 1, 2019   

  $ 

  $ 

41,241      $ 
3,730        
2,122        
47,093        
(38,121 )      
8,972        
147        
835        
15,344        

1,490        
-        
1        
25        
500        
2,016        

-        
1,769        
7,897        

435        
7,447        
15,344      $ 

-       
-       
(1,261 )     
(1,261 )     
128       

(1,133 )   
1,015   

(28 )   
(146 )   

(12 )   
67     
-     
-     
-     
55     

948     
(1,224 )   
(221 )   

75     
75       
(146 )     

    $ 

(1 )      
(1), (2 )      

(1 )      
(2 )      

(2 )      
(1 )      

(1 )      

    $ 

41,241   
3,730   
861   
45,832   
(37,993 ) 
7,839   
1,162   
807   
15,198   

1,478   
67   
1   
25   
500   
2,071   

948   
545   
7,676   

510   
7,522   
15,198   

(1) 

In accordance with Topic 840, the Company accounted for The Bow office building as a failed sales leaseback and at the effective date of 
January 1, 2019, The Bow office building remained as such. On transition to Topic 842, the Company re-assessed whether a sale would have 
occurred at the effective date and determined that a sale occurred. As a result, the Company derecognized the asset and financing liability 
resulting from the failed sale leaseback transaction measured under Topic 840, recognizing the difference as an adjustment to retained earnings 
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Upon transition to Topic 842, The Bow office building was determined to be an operating lease for which 
a ROU asset and corresponding liability was recorded at the present value of remaining minimum lease payments.  

(2)  ROU assets for operating leases were measured at the amount equal to the lease liability and the unamortized balance of any lease incentives 
prior to the transition date. The lease liabilities for operating leases were measured at the present value of the remaining minimum lease 
payments outstanding as at January 1, 2019. 

Although Topic 842 did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings or Cash Flows, the 
change in the accounting of The Bow office building resulted in: i) operating lease expense under Topic 842 reported 
in administrative expense, whereas for the comparative periods presented under Topic 840, the Company recorded 
depreciation and interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings; and ii) cash outflows presented in cash 

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used in operating activities under Topic 842, whereas for the comparative periods presented under Topic 840, interest 
and financing cash outflows are presented in cash used in operating activities and cash used in financing activities, 
respectively, in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.          

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2018-02 “Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated 
Other Comprehensive Income”. The amendments allow for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive 
income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Reform”). 
While the Company has other post-employment benefit plans which were affected by the U.S. Tax Reform, the impact 
was not material to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result, the  Company did not take the 
election provided in the amendment. 

New Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted  

On January 1, 2020, Ovintiv will adopt the following ASUs issued by the FASB, which are not expected to have a 
material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements: 

•  ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”.  The amendment eliminates the second step of 
the goodwill impairment test which requires the Company to measure the impairment based on the excess amount 
of  the  carrying  value  of  the  reporting  unit’s  goodwill  over  the  implied  fair  value  of  its  goodwill.  Under  this 
amendment,  the  goodwill  impairment  will  be  measured  based  on  the  excess  amount  of  the  reporting  unit’s 
carrying value over its respective fair value. The amendment will be applied prospectively at the date of adoption.  

•  ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” 
under Topic 326. The standard amends the impairment model which requires utilizing a forward-looking expected 
loss methodology in place of the incurred loss methodology for financial instruments, including trade receivables. 
The  standard  requires  entities  to  consider  a  broader  range  of  information  to  estimate  expected  credit  losses, 
resulting  in  earlier  recognition  of  credit  losses.  The  standard  will  be  applied  using  the  modified  retrospective 
approach. The Company estimates the impact from adoption will result in a non-cash cumulative adjustment to 
retained earnings of less than $10 million, net of tax, on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. 

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2. 

Segmented Information 

The Company’s reportable segments are determined based on the following operations and geographic locations: 

•  USA Operations includes the exploration for, development of, and production of oil, NGLs and natural gas and 

other related activities within the U.S. cost center.   

•  Canadian Operations includes the exploration for, development of, and production of oil, NGLs and natural gas 

and other related activities within the Canadian cost center.  

•  China Operations included the exploration for, development of, and production of oil and other related activities 
within  the  China  cost  center.  The  Company  terminated  its  production  sharing  contract  with  China  National 
Offshore Oil Corporation (“CNOOC”) and exited its China Operations effective July 31, 2019. 

•  Market  Optimization  is  primarily  responsible  for  the  sale  of  the  Company’s  proprietary  production.  These 
results  are  reported  in  the  USA  and  Canadian  Operations.  Market  optimization  activities  include  third  party 
purchases  and  sales  of  product  to  provide  operational  flexibility  and  cost  mitigation  for  transportation 
commitments,  product  type, delivery  points  and  customer diversification.  These  activities  are  reflected  in  the 
Market Optimization segment. Market Optimization sells substantially all of the Company’s upstream production 
to  third-party  customers.  Transactions  between  segments  are  based  on  market  values  and  are  eliminated  on 
consolidation. 

Corporate and Other mainly includes unrealized gains or losses recorded on derivative financial instruments. Once 
the instruments are settled, the realized gains and losses are recorded in the reporting segment to which the derivative 
instruments relate. Corporate and Other also includes amounts related to sublease rentals. 

As of February 14, 2019, the Company’s segmented results reflect the business combination as discussed in Note 8.  

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Results of Operations 

Segment Information 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

USA Operations 

Canadian Operations 

China Operations (1) 

Revenues 

Product and service revenues 
Gains (losses) on risk management, net 
Sublease revenues 
Total Revenues 

Operating Expenses 

  $  4,163     $  2,512     $  1,860     $  1,654      $  1,721     $  1,169     $ 
22       
-       
     4,321        2,313        1,878        1,865         1,821        1,191       

(199 )     
-       

211        
-        

158       
-       

100       
-       

18       
-       

238       
Production, mineral and other taxes 
466       
Transportation and processing 
Operating 
566       
Depreciation, depletion and amortization       1,593       
Total Operating Expenses 

131       
124       
305       
860       

16       
20       
828       
578       
118       
122       
361       
236       
956       
     2,863        1,420        1,117        1,383         1,323       
  $  1,458     $  893     $  761     $  482      $  498     $  235     $ 

16        
859        
125        
383        

92       
164       
331       
530       

Operating Income (Loss) 

37     $ 
-       
-       
37       

-       
-       
16       
-       
16       
21     $ 

-      $ 
-        
-        
-        

-        
-        
-        
-        
-        
-      $ 

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

   Market Optimization 

Corporate & Other 

2019     

2018     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017     

Consolidated 
2018     

2019     

2017   

Revenues 

Product and service revenues 
Gains (losses) on risk management, net 
Sublease revenues 
Total Revenues 

  $  1,159     $  1,224     $  863     $ 
-       
-       
863       

(5 )     
-       
-       
-       
     1,159        1,219       

-     $ 
(730 )     
74       
(656 )     

-     $ 
519       
67       
586       

Operating Expenses 

-     $  7,013     $  5,457     $  3,892   
482   
442       
69   
69       
511        6,726        5,939        4,443   

(361 )     
74       

415       
67       

Production, mineral and other taxes 
Transportation and processing 
Operating 
Purchased product 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization      
Accretion of asset retirement obligation 
Administrative 
Total Operating Expenses 

-       
233       
28       

-       
131       
16       
     1,043        1,100       
1       
-       
-       
-       
-       
-       
     1,304        1,248       
(29 )   $ 
  $  (145 )   $ 

Operating Income (Loss) 

Other (Income) Expenses 

Interest 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net 
(Gain) loss on divestitures, net 
Other (gains) losses, net 
Total Other (Income) Expenses 
Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax 

Income tax expense (recovery) 

Net Earnings (Loss) 

18       

254       

-       
103       
35       
788       
1       
-       
-       
927       
(64 )   $ (1,218 )   $  332     $  136       

112   
-       
147       
845   
-        1,558        1,083       
506   
454       
788   
-        1,043        1,100       
833   
66        2,015        1,272       
37   
37       
37       
32       
254   
157       
489       
254       
375        6,128        4,245        3,375   
598        1,694        1,068   

-       
-       
(3 )     
-       
39       
37       
489       
562       

-       
-       
15       
-       
50       
32       
157       
254       

732       

351       
168       
(5 )     
17       
531       

363   
382       
(279 ) 
(119 )     
(404 ) 
(3 )     
(42 ) 
23       
283       
(362 ) 
315        1,163        1,430   
603   
81       
      $  234     $  1,069     $  827   

94       

(1)  The Company terminated its production sharing contract with CNOOC and exited its China Operations effective July 31, 2019. 

94 

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Intersegment Information 

For the years ended December 31 

Marketing Sales 
2018      

2019      

2017      

Market Optimization 
Upstream Eliminations 
2019      

2018      

2017      

Total 

2019      

2018      

2017   

Revenues 

  $  7,489      $  5,724      $  3,939      $  (6,330 )    $  (4,505 )    $  (3,076 )    $  1,159      $  1,219      $ 

863   

Operating Expenses 

Transportation and processing 
Operating 
Purchased product 
Depreciation, depletion and 
   amortization 

Operating Income (Loss) 

  $ 

635        
28        

457        
16        
     6,973         5,279        

291        
35        

(326 )      
-        
3,676         (5,930 )       (4,179 )      

(402 )      
-        

(188 )      
-        

131        
16        
(2,888 )       1,043         1,100        

233        
28        

-        
(147 )    $ 

1        
(29 )    $ 

1        
(64 )    $ 

-        
2      $ 

-        
-      $ 

-        
-      $ 

-        
(145 )    $ 

1        
(29 )    $ 

103   
35   
788   

1   
(64 ) 

Revenues by Geographic Region 

For the years ended December 31 

Revenues 

Product revenues 

Oil 
NGLs 
Natural gas 

Other revenues (1) 
Gains (losses) on risk management, net 

Total Revenues 

Revenues 

Product revenues 

Oil 
NGLs 
Natural gas 

Other revenues (1) 
Gains (losses) on risk management, net 

Total Revenues 

United States 
2018      

2019      

2017      

2019      

2018      

2017   

Canada 

  $  3,329      $  2,093      $  1,360      $ 
193        
296        

452        
380        

289        
126        

10      $ 
870        
756        

7      $ 
863        
826        

7   
481   
662   

966         1,058        
216        
(142 )      

189   
773        
522   
(40 )      
  $  4,985      $  3,782      $  2,582      $  1,704      $  2,157      $  1,861   

287        
(219 )      

262        
199        

China (2) 

Total 

2019      

2018      

2017      

2019      

2018      

2017   

  $ 

  $ 

37      $ 
-        
-        

-        
-        
37      $ 

-      $ 
-        
-        

-        
-        
-      $ 

-      $  3,376      $  2,100      $  1,367   
674   
-         1,322         1,152        
958   
952        
-         1,136        

962   
-         1,253         1,320        
-        
482   
415        
-      $  6,726      $  5,939      $  4,443   

(361 )      

(1) 

Includes  market  optimization  and  other  revenues  such  as  purchased  product  sold  to  third  parties,  sublease  revenues  and  gathering  and 
processing services provided to third parties. 

(2)  The Company terminated its production sharing contract with CNOOC and exited its China Operations effective July 31, 2019. 

Export Sales 

Sales of oil, NGLs and natural gas produced or purchased in Canada delivered to customers outside of Canada were 
$150 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018 - $135 million; 2017 - $64 million). 

Major Customers 

In connection with the marketing and sale of the Company’s own and purchased oil, NGLs and natural gas for the 
year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had one customer which individually accounted for more than 10 percent 
of the Company’s product revenues. Sales to this customer, secured by a financial institution with an investment grade 
credit rating, totaled approximately $866 million which comprised $866 million in the United States and nil in Canada 
(2018 - one customer with sales of approximately $752 million; 2017 - two customers with sales of approximately 
$709 million and $412 million, respectively).  

95 

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Capital Expenditures by Segment 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Market Optimization 
Corporate & Other 

  $ 

  $ 

2,134     $ 
480       
2       
10       
2,626     $ 

1,332     $ 
632       
-       
11       
1,975     $ 

1,358   
426   
1   
11   
1,796   

Goodwill, Property, Plant and Equipment and Total Assets by Segment 

As at December 31 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Market Optimization 
Corporate & Other 

Goodwill 

2019     

1,938     $ 
673       
-       
-       
2,611     $ 

  $ 

  $ 

      Property, Plant and Equipment       
2018     

2019     

2018     

Total Assets 
2019     

1,913     $ 
640       
-       
-       
2,553     $ 

13,757     $ 
1,205       
2       
227       
15,191     $ 

6,591     $ 
999       
1       
1,381       
8,972     $ 

16,613     $ 
2,122       
253       
2,499       
21,487     $ 

Goodwill, Property, Plant and Equipment and Total Assets by Geographic Region 

As at December 31 

United States 
Canada 
Other Countries 

Goodwill 

2019     

1,938     $ 
673       
-       
2,611     $ 

  $ 

  $ 

     Property, Plant and Equipment      
2018     

2019     

2018     

Total Assets 
2019     

1,913     $ 
640       
-       
2,553     $ 

13,825     $ 
1,366       
-       
15,191     $ 

6,669     $ 
2,303       
-       
8,972     $ 

16,996     $ 
4,457       
34       
21,487     $ 

2018   

9,104   
1,852   
295   
4,093   
15,344   

2018   

10,108   
5,211   
25   
15,344   

96 

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3.  Revenues from Contracts with Customers 

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers. 

Revenues  

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

USA Operations 

Canadian Operations 

China Operations (1) 

Revenues from Customers 
Product revenues (2) 

Oil 
NGLs 
Natural gas 

Service revenues 

Gathering and processing 
Product and Service Revenues 

Revenues from Customers 
Product revenues (2) 

Oil 
NGLs 
Natural gas 

Service revenues 

Gathering and processing 
Product and Service Revenues 

  $  3,341     $  2,099     $  1,373     $ 
193       
305       

454       
379       

290       
126       

10      $ 
878        
774        

7     $ 
870       
849       

7     $ 
485       
680       

2       

9       
  $  4,176     $  2,519     $  1,882     $  1,667      $  1,732     $  1,181     $ 

11       

5        

6       

4       

37     $ 
-       
-       

-       
37     $ 

-      $ 
-        
-        

-        
-      $ 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

Market Optimization 

Corporate & Other 

2019     

2018     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017     

Consolidated 
2018     

2019     

2017   

  $  249     $ 
7       

89     $  115     $ 
10       
8       
704       
877        1,109       

-       

-       
  $  1,133     $  1,206     $  829     $ 

-       

-      $ 
-        
-        

-        
-      $ 

-     $ 
-       
-       

-       
-     $ 

-     $  3,637     $  2,195     $  1,495   
-        1,339        1,168       
688   
-        2,030        2,084        1,689   

20   
-       
-     $  7,013     $  5,457     $  3,892   

10       

7       

(1)  The Company terminated its production sharing contract with CNOOC and exited its China Operations effective July 31, 2019. 
(2) 

Includes revenues from production and revenues of product purchased from third parties, but excludes intercompany marketing fees transacted 
between the Company’s operating segments. 

The Company’s revenues from contracts with customers consists of product sales including oil, NGLs and natural gas, 
as well as the provision of gathering and processing services to third parties. The Company had no contract asset or 
liability  balances  during  the  periods  presented.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019,  receivables  and  accrued 
revenues from contracts with customers were $1,095 million (2018 - $662 million). 

Product sales are sold under short-term contracts with terms that are less than one year at either fixed or market index 
prices or under long-term contracts exceeding one year at market index prices.    

The Company’s gathering and processing services are provided on an interruptible basis with transaction prices that 
are  for  fixed  prices  and/or  variable  consideration.  Variable  consideration  received  is  related  to  recovery  of  plant 
operating  costs  or  escalation  of  the  fixed  price  based  on  a  consumer  price  index.  As  the  service  contracts  are 
interruptible,  with  service  provided  on  an  “as  available”  basis,  there  are  no  unsatisfied  performance  obligations 
remaining at December 31, 2019. 

As at December 31, 2019, all remaining performance obligations are priced at  market index prices or are variable 
volume  delivery  contracts.  As  such,  the  variable  consideration  is  allocated  entirely  to  the  wholly  unsatisfied 
performance obligation or promise to deliver units of production, and revenue is recognized at the amount for which 
the  Company  has  the  right  to  invoice  the  product  delivered.  As  the  period  between  when  the  product  sales  are 
transferred and the Company receives payments is generally 30 to 60 days, there is no financing element associated 
with customer contracts. In addition, the Company does not disclose unsatisfied performance obligations for customer 
contracts with terms less than 12 months. 

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4. 

Interest 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Interest Expense on: 

Debt 
The Bow office building (See Note 1) 
Finance leases (See Note 14) 
Other 

   $ 

   $ 

359      $ 
-        
13        
10        
382      $ 

267      $ 
63        
16        
5        
351      $ 

267   
63   
20   
13   
363   

Upon adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, The Bow office building was determined to be an operating lease 
with lease costs recognized in administrative expense. Previously, payments related to The Bow were recognized as 
interest expense and principal repayments. See Notes 1 and 14 for further information. 

5. 

Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss, Net 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Unrealized Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss on: 

Translation of U.S. dollar financing debt issued from Canada 
Translation of U.S. dollar risk management contracts issued from Canada 
Translation of intercompany notes 

   $ 

Foreign Exchange on Settlements of: 

U.S. dollar financing debt issued from Canada 
U.S. dollar risk management contracts issued from Canada 
Intercompany notes 
Other Monetary Revaluations 

   $ 

(207 )    $ 
(12 )      
196        
(23 )      

(25 )      
(3 )      
(71 )      
3        
(119 )    $ 

358      $ 
24        
(149 )      
233        

3        
(10 )      
(49 )      
(9 )      
168      $ 

(243 ) 
(44 ) 
(4 ) 
(291 ) 

14   
(15 ) 
10   
3   
(279 ) 

The unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss on translation of U.S. dollar financing debt issued from Canada for the 
year  ended  December  31,  2017  disclosed  in  the  table  above  included  an  out-of-period  adjustment  in  respect  of 
unrealized losses on a foreign-denominated finance lease obligation since December 2013. The cumulative impact 
recognized within foreign exchange (gain) loss in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the year 
ended December 31, 2017 was $68 million, before tax ($47 million, after tax). The Company determined that the 
adjustment was not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 or any 
prior periods.  

Following the completion of the Reorganization, including the U.S. Domestication, on January 24, 2020 as described 
in Note 1, the U.S. dollar denominated unsecured notes issued by Encana Corporation from Canada were assumed by 
Ovintiv Inc., a company incorporated in Delaware with a U.S. dollar functional currency. Accordingly, these U.S. 
dollar denominated unsecured notes, along with certain intercompany notes, will no longer attract foreign exchange 
translation gains or losses.  

98 

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6. 

Income Taxes 

The provision for income taxes is as follows: 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Current Tax 

United States 
Canada 
Other Countries 

Total Current Tax Expense (Recovery) 

Deferred Tax 

United States 
Canada 
Other Countries 

Total Deferred Tax Expense (Recovery) 
Income Tax Expense (Recovery) 

   $ 

   $ 

3      $ 
(16 )      
-        
(13 )      

147        
(53 )      
-        
94        
81      $ 

4      $ 
(62 )      
3        
(55 )      

195        
(46 )      
-        
149        
94      $ 

(9 ) 
(59 ) 
5   
(63 ) 

611   
55   
-   
666   
603   

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the current income tax recovery was primarily due to the 
resolution of certain tax items relating to prior taxation years. 

On June 28, 2019, Alberta Bill 3, the Job Creation Tax Cut (Alberta Corporate Tax Amendment) Act, was signed into 
law resulting in a reduction of the Alberta corporate tax rate from 12 percent to 11 percent effective July 1, 2019, with 
further one percent rate reductions to take effect every year on January 1 until the general corporate tax rate is eight 
percent  on  January  1,  2022.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019,  the  deferred  tax  expense  of  $94 million 
includes an adjustment of $55 million resulting from the re-measurement of the Company’s deferred tax position due 
to the Alberta corporate tax rate reduction. 

On  December  22,  2017,  U.S.  Tax  Reform  was  signed  into  law  making  significant  changes  to  the  U.S.  tax  code, 
including a reduction of the U.S. federal corporate  tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent.  During the year ended 
December 31, 2017, the deferred tax expense of $666 million included a provisional tax adjustment of $327 million 
resulting  from  the  re-measurement  of  the  Company’s  tax  position  due  to  U.S.  Tax  Reform.  The  adjustment  of 
$327 million included a $26 million valuation allowance re-measurement with respect to U.S. foreign tax credits and 
U.S. charitable donations. As at December 31, 2018, the Company had completed its assessment of the income tax 
effects in respect of the provisional adjustment related to U.S. Tax Reform and there was no change  to the amount 
recognized in 2017. 

99 

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The following table reconciles income taxes calculated at the Canadian statutory rate with the actual income taxes: 

For the years ended December 31 

2019   

2018      

2017   

Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax 

United States 
Canada 
Other Countries 

Total Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax 
Canadian Statutory Rate (1) 
Expected Income Tax 
Effect on Taxes Resulting From: 

Income tax related to foreign operations 
Statutory rate difference 
Effect of legislative changes 
Non-taxable capital (gains) losses 
Tax differences on divestitures and transactions 
Partnership tax allocations in excess of funding 
Amounts in respect of prior periods 
Change in valuation allowance 
Other 

Effective Tax Rate 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

585   
(280 ) 
10   
315   
26.6 %      
84   

(18 ) 
11   
55   
(11 ) 
-   
(20 ) 
(23 ) 
(7 ) 
10   
   $ 
81   
25.7 %      

929       $ 
19         
215         
1,163         
27.0 %      
314         

(106 )       
-         
-         
22         
-         
(68 )       
(54 )       
8         
(22 )       
94       $ 
8.1 %      

476   
512   
442   
1,430   
27.0 % 
386   

(73 ) 
-   
299   
(39 ) 
77   
(54 ) 
(49 ) 
54   
2   
603   
42.2 % 

(1)  Following the U.S. Domestication as described in Note 1, the applicable statutory tax rate will be the U.S. federal income tax rate. 

The effective tax rate of 25.7 percent for the year ended December 31, 2019 is lower than the Canadian statutory rate 
of 26.6 percent primarily due to partnership tax allocations in excess of funding as well as the resolution of certain tax 
items relating to prior taxation years, partially offset by the re-measurement of the Company’s deferred tax position 
resulting from the Alberta corporate tax rate reduction discussed above. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the 
effective tax rate of 8.1 percent is lower than the Canadian statutory rate of 27 percent primarily due to the impact of 
foreign jurisdictional tax rates relative to the Canadian statutory tax rate applied to jurisdictional earnings, partnership 
tax allocations in excess of funding and the successful resolution of certain tax items relating to prior taxation years. 
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the effective tax rate was 42.2 percent, which was higher than the Canadian 
statutory tax rate of 27 percent primarily due to U.S. Tax Reform, which increased the Company’s effective tax rate 
by 22.9 percent, and the successful resolution of certain tax items relating to prior taxation years.  

The net deferred income tax asset (liability) consists of: 

As at December 31 

Deferred Income Tax Assets 

Property, plant and equipment 
Risk management 
Compensation plans 
Interest and other deferred deductions 
Unrealized foreign exchange losses 
Non-capital and net capital losses carried forward (1) 
Foreign tax credits 
Other 
Less: valuation allowance 

Deferred Income Tax Liabilities 

Property, plant and equipment 
Risk management 
Unrealized foreign exchange gains 
Other 

Net Deferred Income Tax Asset 

2019     

2018   

   $ 

   $ 

168      $ 
8        
46        
32        
-        
1,703        
198        
14        
(215 )      

(1,554 )      
(4 )      
(2 )      
(10 )      
384      $ 

278   
-   
66   
79   
6   
1,107   
198   
38   
(195 ) 

(591 ) 
(168 ) 
-   
(10 ) 
808   

(1)  The U.S. Domestication as described in Note 1, does not impact the availability of the U.S. and Canadian losses carried forward to future 

years. 

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As at December 31, 2019,  the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against U.S.  foreign tax credits, U.S. 
charitable donations, and federal and state losses in the amounts of $156 million (2018  - $156 million), $2 million 
(2018 - $3 million) and $57 million (2018  - $30 million), respectively, and Canadian unrealized foreign exchange 
losses in the amount of nil (2018 - $6 million) as it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized based 
on  expected  future  taxable  earnings  as  determined  in  accordance  with  the  Company’s  accounting  policies.  The 
valuation allowance change of $27 million for federal and state losses was recognized as part of the purchase price 
allocation for the Newfield Exploration Company acquisition described in Note 8. 

The net deferred income tax asset (liability) for the following jurisdictions is reflected in the Consolidated Balance 
Sheet as follows:  

As at December 31 

Deferred Income Tax Assets 

United States 
Canada 

Deferred Income Tax Liabilities 

United States 
Canada 

Net Deferred Income Tax Asset 

2019     

2018   

   $ 

   $ 

2      $ 
599        
601        

(189 )      
(28 )      
(217 )      
384      $ 

287   
548   
835   

-   
(27 ) 
(27 ) 
808   

Tax basis, loss carryforwards, charitable donations and tax credits available are as follows:  

As at December 31 

United States 
Tax basis 
Non-capital losses (Federal) 
Charitable donations 
Foreign tax credits 

Canada 

Tax pools 
Net capital losses 
Non-capital losses 
Charitable donations 

   $ 

   $ 

2019      Expiration Date 

6,960     
5,754     
9     
198     

1,652     
10     
1,636     
3     

Indefinite 
2020-2039 (1) 
2020 - 2024 
2020 - 2024 

Indefinite 
Indefinite 
2027 - 2039 
2022 

(1) 

Includes non-capital losses of $1,120 million which have an indefinite expiration date. 

As at December 31, 2019, approximately $16 million (2018  - $10 million) of the Company’s  unremitted earnings 
from its foreign subsidiaries were considered to be permanently reinvested and, accordingly, the Company has not 
recognized  a  deferred  income  tax  liability  in  respect  of  such  earnings.  If  such  earnings  were  to  be  remitted,  the 
Company may be subject to income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. However, determination of any potential 
amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liabilities is not practicable. During 2019, nil (2018  - $3.4 billion) of 
unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries were repatriated, using existing tax attributes, with nominal tax 
expense. 

The following table presents changes in the balance of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest: 

For the years ended December 31 

Balance, Beginning of Year 

Additions for tax positions taken in the current year 
Additions for tax positions of prior years 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years 
Lapse of statute of limitations 
Settlements 
Foreign currency translation 

Balance, End of Year 

2019     

2018   

(248 )    $ 
-        
(1 )      
4        
34        
-        
(11 )      
(222 )    $ 

(306 ) 
(4 ) 
(2 ) 
-   
19   
22   
23   
(248 ) 

   $ 

   $ 

101 

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The unrecognized tax benefit is reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows:  

As at December 31 

Other Liabilities and Provisions (See Note 16) 
Deferred Income Tax Asset 
Balance, End of Year 

2019     

(159 )    $ 
(63 )      
(222 )    $ 

2018   

(167 ) 
(81 ) 
(248 ) 

   $ 

   $ 

If recognized, all of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2019 would affect the Company’s 
effective  income  tax  rate.  The  Company  does  not  anticipate  that  the  amount  of  unrecognized  tax  benefits  will 
significantly change during the next 12 months. 

The Company recognizes interest accrued in respect of unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense. During 2019, 
the Company recognized an expense of nil (2018 - recovery of $11 million; 2017 - expense of $12 million) in interest 
expense. As at December 31, 2019, the Company had a liability of $5 million (2018 - $5 million) for interest accrued 
in respect of unrecognized tax benefits. 

Included below is a summary of the tax years, by jurisdiction, that remain statutorily open for examination by the 
taxing authorities. 

Jurisdiction 

United States - Federal 
United States - State 
Canada - Federal 
Canada - Provincial 
Other 

   Taxation Year 

2016 - 2019 
2015 - 2019 
2012 - 2019 
2012 - 2019 
2019 

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns primarily in the United States and Canada. Issues in dispute 
for audited years and audits for subsequent years are ongoing and in various stages of completion. 

102 

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7.  Accounts Receivable and Accrued Revenues 

As at December 31 

2019     

2018   

Trade Receivables and Accrued Revenues 

Oil, NGLs and natural gas 
Midstream and marketing 
Derivative financial instruments 
Corporate and other 

Total Trade Receivables and Accrued Revenues 
Prepaids 
Deposits and Other 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 

   $ 

   $ 

765      $ 
353        
7        
24        
1,149        
48        
41        
1,238        
(3 )      
1,235      $ 

319   
365   
36   
15   
735   
15   
44   
794   
(5 ) 
789   

The Company’s trade receivables balance primarily consists of oil, NGLs and natural gas sales receivables, marketing 
revenues and joint interest receivables. Trade receivables are non-interest bearing. In determining the recoverability 
of trade receivables, the Company considers the age of the outstanding receivable and the credit worthiness of the 
counterparties. The Company charges uncollectible trade receivables to the allowance for doubtful accounts when it 
is determined no longer collectible. See Note 25 for further information about credit risk. 

8.  Business Combination 

Newfield Exploration Company Acquisition 

On February 13, 2019, the Company  completed the business combination with Newfield Exploration Company, a 
Delaware corporation (“Newfield”), pursuant to its Agreement and Plan of Merger with Newfield (the “Merger”). As 
a result of the Merger, Newfield stockholders received 2.6719 Encana common shares, on a pre-Share Consolidation 
basis, for each share of Newfield common stock that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective 
date  of  the  Merger. The  Company  issued  approximately  543.4  million  Encana  common  shares,  on  a  pre-Share 
Consolidation  basis,  representing  a  value  of  $3.5  billion  and  paid approximately  $5  million  in  cash  in  respect  of 
Newfield’s cash-settled incentive awards. Following the acquisition, Newfield’s senior notes totaling $2.45 billion 
remained outstanding. Transaction costs of approximately $33 million were included in other (gains) losses, net.  

Newfield’s operations focused on the exploration and development of oil and gas properties located in Anadarko and 
Arkoma in Oklahoma, Bakken in North Dakota and Uinta in Utah, as well as offshore oil assets located in China. The 
assets acquired generated revenues of $2,100 million and net earnings of $101 million for the period from February 
14,  2019  to  December  31,  2019.  The  results  of  Newfield’s  operations  have  been  included  in  the  Company’s 
Consolidated Financial Statements as of February 14, 2019.   

103 

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Purchase Price Allocation 

The transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities 
assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date, with any excess of the purchase price over the 
estimated fair value of identified net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The purchase price allocation represents 
the consideration paid and the fair values of the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. 

Purchase Price Allocation 

Consideration: 

Fair value of Encana's common shares issued (1) 
Fair value of Newfield liability awards paid in cash (2) 

Total Consideration 

Assets Acquired: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable and accrued revenues 
Other current assets 
Proved properties 
Unproved properties 
Other property, plant and equipment 
Restricted cash 
Other assets 
Goodwill (3) 

Liabilities Assumed: 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (3) 
Long-term debt 
Operating lease liabilities 
Other long-term liabilities (3) 
Asset retirement obligation 
Deferred income taxes (3) 

Total Purchase Price 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

3,478   
5   
3,483   

46   
486   
50   
5,903   
838   
22   
53   
105   
25   

(795 ) 
(2,603 ) 
(76 ) 
(65 ) 
(184 ) 
(322 ) 
3,483   

(1)  The fair value was based on the NYSE closing price of the pre-Share Consolidation Encana common shares of $6.40 on February 13, 2019. 
(2)  The fair value was based on a price of $6.50 per notional unit which was determined using a volume-weighted average of the trading price of 
pre-Share Consolidation Encana common shares on the NYSE on each of the five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day that 
was three trading days prior to February 13, 2019. 

(3)  Since  the  completion  of  the  business  combination  on  February  13,  2019,  additional  information  related  to  pre-acquisition  liabilities  and 
contingencies was obtained resulting in a measurement period adjustment. Changes in the fair value estimates comprised an increase in other 
liabilities  of  $16  million,  of  which  approximately  $11  million  is  presented  in  accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities  and  $5  million  is 
presented in other long-term liabilities, a decrease in deferred tax liabilities of $4 million and a corresponding increase in goodwill of $12 
million. 

The  Company  used  the  income  approach  valuation  technique  for  the  fair  value  of  assets  acquired  and  liabilities 
assumed. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accrued revenues, restricted 
cash, other current assets, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to their nature 
and/or the short-term maturity of the instruments. The fair values of long-term debt, ROU assets and operating lease 
liabilities were categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and were determined using quoted prices and 
rates from an available pricing source. The fair values of the proved and unproved properties, other property, plant 
and equipment, other assets, other long-term liabilities and asset retirement obligation were categorized within Level 
3  and  were determined  using  relevant market  assumptions,  including  discount  rates,  future  commodity  prices  and 
costs,  timing  of  development  activities,  projections  of  oil  and  gas  reserves,  and  estimates  for  abandonment  and 
reclamation. 

Goodwill  arose  from  the  Newfield  acquisition  primarily  from  the  requirement  to  recognize  deferred  taxes  on  the 
difference between the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the respective carry-over tax basis. 
Goodwill is not amortized and is not deductible for tax purposes. 

104 

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Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information 

The following unaudited pro forma financial information combines the historical financial results of  the Company 
with  Newfield  and  has  been  prepared  as  though  the  acquisition  had  occurred  on  January  1,  2018.  The  pro  forma 
information  is  not  intended  to  reflect  the  actual  results  of  operations  that  would  have  occurred  if  the  business 
combination had been completed at the date indicated. In addition, the pro forma information is not intended to be a 
projection of the Company’s results of operations for any future period. 

Additionally,  pro  forma  earnings  were  adjusted  to  exclude  acquisition-related  costs  incurred  of  approximately 
$71 million  and  severance  payments  made  to  employees  which  totaled  $138  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2019. The pro forma financial information does not include any cost savings or other synergies that 
may result from the Merger or any costs that have been incurred to integrate the assets. 

For the years ended December 31 (US$ millions, except per share amounts) 

2019     

2018   

Revenues 
Net Earnings (Loss) 

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share (1) 

Basic & Diluted 

   $ 
   $ 

7,005      $ 
376      $ 

8,481   
1,786   

   $ 

1.44      $ 

5.94   

(1)  Net earnings (loss) per common share reflect the Share Consolidation as described in Note 1. 

9.  Acquisitions and Divestitures 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Acquisitions 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Total Acquisitions 

Divestitures 

USA Operations 
Canadian Operations 
Total Divestitures 

Net Acquisitions & (Divestitures) 

ACQUISITIONS 

   $ 

   $ 

65      $ 
-        
65        

(196 )      
(1 )      
(197 )      
(132 )    $ 

-      $ 
17        
17        

(438 )      
(55 )      
(493 )      
(476 )    $ 

23   
31   
54   

(695 ) 
(41 ) 
(736 ) 
(682 ) 

Acquisitions in 2019 in the USA Operations primarily included seismic purchases, water rights and property purchases 
with oil and liquids rich potential. Acquisitions in 2018 and 2017 in the USA and Canadian Operations primarily included 
property purchases with oil and liquids rich potential.  

DIVESTITURES 

In 2019, amounts received from the sale of assets were $197 million (2018 - $493 million; 2017 - $736 million). 

Amounts  received  from  the  Company’s  divestiture  transactions  have  been  deducted  from  the  respective  U.S.  and 
Canadian full cost pools, except for divestitures that result in a significant alteration between capitalized costs and proved 
reserves  in  a  country  cost  center.  For  divestitures  that  result  in  a  gain  or  loss  and  constitute  a  business,  goodwill  is 
allocated to the divestiture.   

USA Operations 

In 2019, divestitures in the USA Operations primarily included the sale of the Arkoma natural gas assets located in 
Oklahoma. 

In 2018, divestitures in the USA Operations primarily included the sale of the San Juan assets located in northwestern 
New Mexico. 

105 

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In 2017, divestitures in the USA Operations primarily included the sale of the Piceance natural gas assets located in 
northwestern Colorado for proceeds of approximately $605 million, after closing and other adjustments, and the sale 
of  the  Tuscaloosa  Marine  Shale  assets  in  Mississippi  and  Louisiana.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  the 
Company recognized a gain of approximately $406 million, before tax, on the sale of the Company’s Piceance assets 
in the U.S. cost center and allocated goodwill of $216 million to the transaction.  

Canadian Operations 

In 2018, divestitures in the Canadian Operations primarily included the sale  of certain Pipestone  assets located in 
Alberta. 

In  2017,  divestitures  in  the  Canadian  Operations  primarily  included  the  sale  of  certain  properties  that  did  not 
complement the Company’s existing portfolio of assets. 

10.  Property, Plant and Equipment, Net 

As at December 31 

USA Operations 

Proved properties 
Unproved properties 
Other 

Canadian Operations 
Proved properties 
Unproved properties 
Other 

Market Optimization 
Corporate & Other 

2019 
Accumulated 

2018 
Accumulated 

Cost     

DD&A     

Net   

Cost     

DD&A     

Net   

   $ 

35,870      $ 
3,491        
19        
39,380        

    $ 

(25,623 )    $ 
-        
-        
(25,623 )      

10,247   
3,491   
19   
13,757   

27,189      $ 
3,493        
8        
30,690        

(24,099 )    $ 
-        
-        
(24,099 )      

3,090   
3,493   
8   
6,591   

15,284        
223        
18        
15,525        

(14,320 )      
-        
-        
(14,320 )      

964   
223   
18   
1,205   

13,996        
237        
27        
14,260        

(13,261 )      
-        
-        
(13,261 )      

735   
237   
27   
999   

9        
914        
55,828      $ 

(7 )      
(687 )      
(40,637 )    $ 

2   
227   
15,191   

    $ 

7        
2,136        
47,093      $ 

(6 )      
(755 )      
(38,121 )    $ 

1   
1,381   
8,972   

   $ 

USA and Canadian Operations’ property, plant and equipment include internal costs directly related to exploration, 
development  and  construction  activities  of  $228  million,  which  have  been  capitalized  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2019 (2018 - $147 million).  

For the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not recognize 
any ceiling test impairments in the U.S. or Canadian cost centers. The 12-month average trailing prices used in the 
ceiling test calculations reflect benchmark prices adjusted for basis differentials to determine local reference prices, 
transportation costs and tariffs, heat content and quality. The benchmark prices are disclosed in Note 29. 

Finance Lease Arrangements 

The Company has two lease arrangements that are accounted for as finance leases, which include an office building 
and an offshore production platform. As at December 31, 2019, the total carrying value of assets under finance lease 
was $37 million (2018 - $41 million), net of accumulated amortization of $677 million (2018 - $650 million). Long-
term liabilities for the finance lease arrangements are included in other liabilities and provisions in the Consolidated 
Balance Sheet and are disclosed in Note 16. 

106 

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Other Arrangement 

As at December 31, 2018, Corporate and Other property, plant and equipment and total assets include a carrying value 
of $1,133 million related to The Bow office building. Upon adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, The Bow office 
building  was  determined  to  be  an  operating  lease  as  discussed  in  Note  1.  As  at  December  31,  2019,  other  assets 
included a ROU asset of $906 million related to The Bow office building.  

11.  Other Assets 

As at December 31 

Operating Lease ROU Assets (See Note 14) 
Long-Term Investments 
Long-Term Receivables 
Deferred Charges 
Other 

12.  Goodwill 

As at December 31 

United States 

Balance, beginning of year 
Additions during the year (See Note 8) 
Balance, end of year 

Canada 

Balance, beginning of year 
Foreign currency translation adjustment 
Balance, end of year 

Total Goodwill 

2019     

2018   

1,047      $ 
28        
81        
6        
51        
1,213      $ 

-   
22   
79   
9   
37   
147   

2019     

2018   

1,913      $ 
25        
1,938        

640        
33        
673        
2,611      $ 

1,913   
-   
1,913   

696   
(56 ) 
640   
2,553   

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

During 2019, the Company recognized goodwill of $25 million in conjunction with the Newfield acquisition in the 
United States as described in Note 8. The change in the Canada goodwill balance reflects movements due to foreign 
currency translation. During 2018, the Company had no additions or dispositions relating to goodwill.  

Goodwill was assessed for impairment as at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The fair values of the United 
States and Canada reporting units were determined to be greater than the respective carrying values of the reporting 
units.  Accordingly,  no  goodwill  impairments  were  recognized.  The  Company  has  not  recognized  any  historical 
cumulative goodwill impairments. 

107 

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13.  Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities 

As at December 31 

Trade Payables 
Capital Accruals 
Royalty and Production Accruals 
Other Accruals 
Interest Payable 
Current Portion of Long-Term Incentive Costs (See Note 22) 
Current Portion of Finance Lease Obligations (See Note 14) 
Current Portion of Asset Retirement Obligation (See Note 17) 

2019     

355      $ 
351        
598        
534        
83        
40        
89        
189        
2,239      $ 

2018   

233   
277   
311   
295   
69   
131   
84   
90   
1,490   

   $ 

   $ 

Payables and accruals are non-interest bearing. Interest payable represents amounts accrued related to unsecured notes 
as disclosed in Note 15.  

14.  Leases 

Operating  leases  include  drilling  rigs,  compressors,  marine  vessels,  camps,  office  and  buildings,  certain  land 
easements and various equipment utilized in the development and production of oil, NGLs and natural gas. Finance 
leases include an office building and an offshore production platform. Subleases relate to office and building leases. 

The  tables  below  summarize  the  Company’s  operating  and  finance  lease  costs  and  include  ROU  assets  and  lease 
liabilities, amounts recognized in net earnings during the period and other lease information. 

As at December 31 (US$ millions, unless otherwise specified) 

Consolidated Balance Sheet (1): 
Operating Lease ROU Assets, in Other Assets 
Finance Lease ROU Assets, in Other Property Plant and Equipment 

   $ 

Operating Lease Liabilities: 
     Current 
     Long-term 

Finance Lease Liabilities: 
     Current, in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
     Long-term, in other liabilities and provisions 

Weighted Average Discount Rate 
     Operating leases 
     Finance leases 
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term 
    Operating leases 
    Finance leases 

2019   

1,047   
37   

78   
977   

89   
121   

5.41%   
5.97%   

16.3 years   
3.2 years   

(1)  Total ROU assets and liabilities are recorded at the gross contractual amount. A portion of the future lease payments will be recovered from 

other working interest owners based on their proportionate share when incurred. 

108 

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For the year ended December 31 

Lease Costs (1): 
Operating Lease Costs, Excluding Short-Term Leases 

   $ 

Finance Lease Costs: 
     Amortization of ROU assets 
     Interest on lease liabilities 
Total Finance Lease Costs 

Short-Term Lease Costs 
Variable Lease Costs 

Sublease Income: 
      Operating lease income 
      Variable lease income 

Other Information (2): 
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities: 
     Operating cash outflows from operating leases 
     Investing cash outflows from operating leases 
     Operating cash outflows from finance leases 
     Financing cash outflows from finance leases 

Supplemental Non-Cash Information: 
     New ROU operating lease assets and liabilities 

2019   

181   

4   
13   
17   

340   
13   

56   
18   

217   
296   
13   
84   

20   

(1)  Lease costs include amounts capitalized into property, plant and equipment in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and lease expense recognized 

in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. 

(2)  Rights to extend or terminate  a  lease  are  included  in  the  lease  term  when  there  is  reasonable  certainty  the  right  will  be exercised. Lease 

contracts include rights to extend leases after the initial term, ranging from month-to-month to less than 10 years. 

Operating lease expense is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings as follows: 

For the year ended December 31 

Operating Lease Expense 
    Transportation and processing 
    Operating 
    Administrative (1) 
Total Operating Lease Expense 

(1) 

Includes $92 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, related to The Bow office building.  

2019   

3   
107   
116   
226   

   $ 

   $ 

109 

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For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2018  and  2017,  total  operating  lease  expense  recorded  in  the  Consolidated 
Statement of Earnings was $83 million and $80 million, respectively, and did not include The Bow office building. 
See Notes 1 and 4 for further information on The Bow office building. 

The  following  table  outlines  the  Company’s  future  lease  payments  and  lease  liabilities  related  to  the  Company’s 
operating and finance leases as at December 31, 2019: 

2020     

2021     

2022     

2023     

2024      Thereafter     

Total   

Operating Leases (1) 
Expected Future Lease Payments 
Less: Discounting 
Present Value of Future Operating 
   Lease Payments 
Sublease Income (undiscounted) 

Finance Leases 
Expected Future Lease Payments 
Less: Discounting 
Present Value of Future Finance 
   Lease Payments 
Sublease Income (undiscounted) (2) 

  $ 

133     $ 

117     $ 

101     $ 

88     $ 

86     $ 

1,101     $ 

1,626   
571   

  $ 

(41 )   $ 

(42 )   $ 

(37 )   $ 

(37 )   $ 

(37 )   $ 

      $ 
(529 )   $ 

1,055   
(723 ) 

  $ 

99     $ 

87     $ 

8     $ 

8     $ 

8     $ 

22     $ 

  $ 

(8 )   $ 

(8 )   $ 

(8 )   $ 

(7 )   $ 

(7 )   $ 

      $ 
(17 )   $ 

232   
22   

210   
(55 ) 

(1)  Lease payments are presented based on the gross contractual amount. A portion of the future lease payments will be recovered from other 

working interest owners based on their proportionate share when incurred. 

(2)  Classified as operating lease. 

There are no commitments for leases with terms greater than one year that have not yet commenced at December 31, 
2019. 

15.  Long-Term Debt 

As at December 31 

Note 

2019     

2018   

U.S. Dollar Denominated Debt 

Revolving credit and term loan borrowings 
U.S. Unsecured Notes: 

6.50% due May 15, 2019 
3.90% due November 15, 2021 
5.75% due January 30, 2022 (See Note 8) 
5.625% due July 1, 2024  (See Note 8) 
5.375% due January 1, 2026  (See Note 8) 
8.125% due September 15, 2030 
7.20% due November 1, 2031 
7.375% due November 1, 2031 
6.50% due August 15, 2034 
6.625% due August 15, 2037 
6.50% due February 1, 2038 
5.15% due November 15, 2041 

Total Principal 

Increase in Value of Debt Acquired 
Unamortized Debt Discounts and Issuance Costs 
Total Long-Term Debt 

Current Portion 
Long-Term Portion 

A 
B 

F 

C 
D 

E 

   $ 

698      $ 

-   

-        
600        
750        
1,000        
700        
300        
350        
500        
750        
462        
505        
244        
6,859        

149        
(34 )      
6,974      $ 

-      $ 
6,974        
6,974      $ 

500   
600   
-   
-   
-   
300   
350   
500   
750   
462   
505   
244   
4,211   

22   
(35 ) 
4,198   

500   
3,698   
4,198   

   $ 

   $ 

     $ 

110 

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A)  REVOLVING CREDIT AND TERM LOAN BORROWINGS  

At December 31, 2019, the Company had in place committed revolving U.S. dollar denominated bank credit facilities 
totaling $4.0 billion which included $2.5 billion on a revolving bank credit facility for Encana Corporation and $1.5 
billion on a revolving bank credit facility for a U.S. subsidiary. The facilities are extendible from time to time, but not 
more than once per year, for a period not longer than five years plus 90 days from the date of the extension request, at 
the option of the lenders and upon notice from the Company. The facilities mature in July 2022, and are fully revolving 
up to maturity.   

At December 31, 2019, the Company had $698 million of commercial paper outstanding under its U.S. CP program 
maturing at various dates with a weighted average interest rate  of approximately 2.28 percent.  These amounts are 
supported by Encana Corporation’s $2.5 billion revolving credit facility, which is unsecured and bears interest at the 
lenders’ rates for Canadian prime, U.S. base rate, Bankers’ Acceptances or LIBOR, plus applicable margins. The U.S. 
subsidiary facility, which remained unused as at December 31, 2019, bears interest at either the lenders’ U.S. base rate 
or LIBOR, plus applicable margins. 

The Company is subject to a financial covenant in its credit facility agreements whereby financing debt to adjusted 
capitalization  cannot  exceed  60  percent.  Financing  debt  primarily  includes  total  long-term  debt  and  finance  lease 
obligations.  Adjusted  capitalization  is  calculated  as  the  sum  of  total  financing  debt,  shareholders’  equity  and  a 
$7.7 billion  equity  adjustment  for  cumulative  historical  ceiling  test  impairments  recorded  in  conjunction  with  the 
Company’s January 1, 2012 adoption of U.S. GAAP. As at December 31, 2019, the Company is in compliance with 
all financial covenants.   

Standby  fees  paid  in  2019  relating  to  revolving  credit  and term  loan  agreements  were  approximately  $11  million 
(2018 - $15 million; 2017 - $15 million).  

Subsequent to the Reorganization  as described in Note 1, the Encana Corporation and U.S. subsidiary bank  credit 
facilities noted above were replaced with committed revolving U.S. dollar denominated bank credit facilities totaling 
$4.0 billion, which included a $2.5 billion revolving bank credit facility for Ovintiv Inc. and a $1.5 billion revolving 
bank  credit  facility  for  a  Canadian  subsidiary.  These  facilities  mature  in  July  2024,  and  are  fully  revolving  up  to 
maturity. 

B)  UNSECURED NOTES 

Shelf Prospectuses 

Encana renewed its shelf prospectus in Canada in 2018 and filed a shelf registration  statement in the U.S. in 2017, 
whereby  the  Company  may  issue  from  time  to  time  debt  securities,  common  shares,  Class A  preferred  shares, 
subscription receipts, warrants, units, share purchase contracts and share purchase units in Canada and/or the U.S. At 
December 31, 2019, $6.0 billion was accessible under the Canadian shelf prospectus.  

U.S. Unsecured Notes  

Unsecured notes include medium-term notes and senior notes that are issued from time to time under trust indentures 
and have equal priority with respect to the payment of both principal and interest.  

C) 

INCREASE IN VALUE OF DEBT ACQUIRED 

Certain of the notes and debentures of the Company were acquired in business combinations and were accounted for 
at their fair value at the dates of acquisition. The difference between the fair value and the principal amount of the 
debt  is  being  amortized  over  the  remaining  life  of  the  outstanding  debt  acquired,  which  has  a  weighted  average 
remaining life of approximately six years. 

D)  UNAMORTIZED DEBT DISCOUNTS AND ISSUANCE COSTS 

Long-term  debt  premiums  and  discounts  are  capitalized  within  long-term  debt  and  are  being  amortized  using  the 
effective interest method. During 2019 and 2018, no debt premiums or discounts were capitalized. Issuance costs are 
amortized over the term of the related debt. 

111 

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E)  CURRENT PORTION OF LONG-TERM DEBT 

As at December 31, 2019, the current portion of long-term debt was nil (2018 - $500 million). 

F)  MANDATORY DEBT PAYMENTS 

As at December 31 

2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
Thereafter 
Total 

Principal   
Amount   

Interest   
Amount   

   $ 

   $ 

-   
600   
1,448   
-   
1,000   
3,811   
6,859   

  $ 

  $ 

377   
377   
332   
305   
305   
2,179   
3,875   

The revolving credit facilities are fully revolving for a period of up to five years. Based on the maturity dates of the 
credit facilities at December 31, 2019, the payments are included in 2022. 

As at December 31, 2019, total long-term debt had a carrying value of $6,974 million and a fair value of $7,657 million 
(2018 - carrying value of $4,198 million and a fair value of $4,511 million). The estimated fair value of long-term 
borrowings  is  categorized  within  Level  2  of  the  fair  value  hierarchy  and  has  been  determined  based  on  market 
information  of  long-term  debt  with  similar  terms  and  maturity,  or  by  discounting  future  payments  of  interest  and 
principal at interest rates expected to be available to the Company at period end.   

16.  Other Liabilities and Provisions 

As at December 31 

The Bow Office Building 
Finance Lease Obligations (See Note 14) 
Unrecognized Tax Benefits (See Note 6) 
Pensions and Other Post-Employment Benefits (See Note 23) 
Long-Term Incentive Costs (See Note 22) 
Other Derivative Contracts (See Notes 24, 25) 
Other 

2019   

-   
121   
159   
119   
38   
7   
20   
464   

  $ 

  $ 

2018   

1,224   
211   
167   
105   
34   
10   
18   
1,769   

   $ 

   $ 

Upon adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, The Bow office building was determined to be an operating lease. 
See Notes 1 and 14 for further information. 

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17.  Asset Retirement Obligation 

As at December 31 

2019   

2018   

Asset Retirement Obligation, Beginning of Year 
Liabilities Incurred 
Liabilities Acquired (See Note 8) 
Liabilities Settled and Divested 
Change in Estimated Future Cash Outflows 
Accretion Expense 
Foreign Currency Translation 
Asset Retirement Obligation, End of Year 

Current Portion (See Note 13) 
Long-Term Portion 

18.  Share Capital 

AUTHORIZED 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

455   
15   
184   
(141 ) 
47   
37   
17   
614   

189   
425   
614   

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

514   
17   
-   
(56 ) 
(20 ) 
32   
(32 ) 
455   

90   
365   
455   

As at December 31, 2019, the Company was authorized to issue an unlimited number of no par value common shares 
and Class A Preferred Shares limited to a number equal to not more than 20 percent of the issued and outstanding 
number of common shares at the time of issuance. No Class A Preferred Shares were outstanding.  

Subsequent to the Reorganization, the Company is authorized to issue 775 million shares of common stock, par value 
$0.01 per share, and 25 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. 

ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING 

As at December 31 

2019 

2018 

2017 

Number (1) 
(millions)      Amount     

Number (1) 
(millions)      Amount     

Number (1) 
(millions)      Amount   

Common Shares Outstanding, Beginning of Year 
Common Shares Purchased 
Common Shares Issued 
Common Shares Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment Plan      
Common Shares Outstanding, End of Year 

190.5     $ 
(39.4 )     
108.7       
-       
259.8     $ 

4,656       
(1,073 )     
3,478       
-       
7,061       

194.6     $ 
(4.1 )     
-       
-       
190.5     $ 

4,757       
(102 )     
-       
1       
4,656       

194.6     $ 
-       
-       
-       
194.6     $ 

4,756   
-   
-   
1   
4,757   

(1)  Number of common shares reflects the Share Consolidation as described in Note 1. Accordingly, the comparative periods have been restated. 

On February 13, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of all the issued and outstanding shares of common 
stock of Newfield whereby Encana issued approximately 543.4 million common shares, on a pre-Share Consolidation 
basis, to Newfield shareholders (approximately 108.7 million post-Share Consolidation shares), representing a pre-
Share Consolidation exchange ratio of 2.6719 Encana common shares for each share of Newfield common stock held. 
See Note 8 for further information on the business combination. 

Upon completion of the Reorganization as described in Note 1, the amount recognized in share capital as at December 
31,  2019  in  excess  of  Ovintiv’s  established  par  value  will  be  reclassified  to  paid  in  surplus.  Accordingly, 
approximately $7,058 million will be reclassified in 2020. 

SUBSTANTIAL ISSUER BID 

On June 10, 2019, the Company announced its intention to purchase, for cancellation, up to $213 million of Encana 
common shares through a substantial issuer bid (“SIB”) which commenced on July 8, 2019. On August 29, 2019, the 
Company purchased approximately 47.3 million Encana common shares at a price of $4.50 per share, on a pre-Share 
Consolidation basis (approximately 9.5 million post-Share Consolidation shares at a converted price of $22.50 per 
share), for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $213 million, of which $257 million was charged to share 
capital and $44 million was credited to paid in surplus. 

113 

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The purchase was made in accordance with the terms and conditions of the SIB, with consideration allocated to share 
capital  equivalent  to  the  average  carrying  amount  of  the  shares,  with  the  excess  of  the  carrying  amount  over  the 
purchase consideration credited to paid in surplus. 

NORMAL COURSE ISSUER BID 

On February 27, 2019, the Company announced that the TSX accepted the Company’s notice of intention to purchase, 
for  cancellation,  up  to  approximately  149.4  million  Encana  common  shares,  on  a  pre-Share  Consolidation  basis 
(approximately  29.9  million  post-Share  Consolidation  shares),  pursuant  to  a  NCIB  over  a  12-month  period  from 
March 4, 2019 to March 3, 2020. 

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company purchased approximately 149.4 million Encana common 
shares, on a pre-Share Consolidation basis (approximately 29.9 million post-Share Consolidation shares), under its 
current NCIB for total consideration of approximately $1,037 million. Of the amount paid, $816 million was charged 
to share capital and $221 million was charged to retained earnings. 

All  purchases  were  made  in  accordance  with  the  NCIB  at  prevailing  market  prices  plus  brokerage  fees,  with 
consideration allocated to share capital up to the average carrying amount of the shares, with any excess allocated to 
retained earnings. 

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company purchased approximately 20.7 million Encana common shares, 
on a pre-Share Consolidation basis (approximately 4.1 million post-Share Consolidation shares), under the previous 
NCIB which was in place from February 28, 2018 to February 27, 2019 for total consideration of approximately $250 
million. Of the amount paid, $102 million was charged to share capital and $148 million was charged to retained 
earnings. 

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN 

On February 28, 2019, the Company suspended its dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) and in conjunction with the 
Reorganization as described in Note 1, the DRIP was terminated. During the year ended December 31, 2018, Encana 
issued 69,329 common shares on a pre-Share Consolidation basis (approximately 13,866 post-Share Consolidation 
shares),  totaling  $0.6  million  under  the  DRIP.  During  the  year  ended  December 31, 2017,  Encana  issued  58,480 
common shares on a pre-Share Consolidation basis (approximately 11,696 post-Share Consolidation shares), totaling 
$0.6 million.  

DIVIDENDS 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019,  on  a  pre-Share  Consolidation  basis,  the  Company  declared  and  paid 
dividends  of  $0.075  per  Encana  common  share,  totaling  $102 million  (2018  -  $0.06 per  Encana  common  share, 
totaling $57 million; 2017 -  $0.06 per Encana common share, totaling $58 million). On a post-Share Consolidation 
basis, the dividends declared and paid were $0.375 per common share in 2019 and $0.30 per common share in 2018 
and 2017, respectively.  

On a pre-Share Consolidation basis, the Company’s quarterly dividend payment was $0.01875 per Encana common 
share in 2019 and $0.015 per common share in 2018 and 2017, respectively. On a post-Share Consolidation basis, the 
Company’s quarterly dividend payment was $0.09375 per common share in 2019 and $0.075 per common share in 
2018 and 2017, respectively. 

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  the  dividends  paid  included  $0.6  million  in  Encana  common  shares,  as 
disclosed above, which were issued in lieu of cash dividends under the DRIP (2017 - $0.6 million). 

On February 19, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.09375 per share of Ovintiv common stock 
payable on March 31, 2020 to common stockholders of record as of March 13, 2020. 

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EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE 

The following table presents the computation of net earnings (loss) per common share: 

For the years ended December 31 (US$ millions, except per share amounts) 

2019   

2018   

Net Earnings (Loss) 

   $ 

234   

  $ 

1,069   

  $ 

2017   

827   

194.6   
-   
194.6   

261.2   
-   
261.2   

192.0   
-   
192.0   

Number of Common Shares (1): 

Weighted average common shares outstanding - Basic 
Effect of dilutive securities 

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding - Diluted 

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share (1) 

Basic & Diluted 

   $ 

0.90   

  $ 

5.57   

  $ 

4.25   

(1)  Net earnings (loss) per common share and weighted average common shares outstanding reflect the Share Consolidation as described in Note 

1. Accordingly, the comparative periods have been restated. 

STOCK OPTION PLAN 

The Company has share-based compensation plans that allow employees to purchase shares of common stock of the 
Company. Option exercise prices are not less than the market value of the  shares of common stock on the date the 
options are granted. Options granted are exercisable at 30 percent of the number granted after one year, an additional 
30 percent of the number granted after two years, are fully exercisable after three years and expire seven years after 
the date granted. Options granted before February 2015 expire five years after the date granted. 

All  options  outstanding  as  at  December  31,  2019  have  associated  Tandem  Stock  Appreciation  Rights  (“TSARs”) 
attached. In lieu of exercising the  option, the associated TSARs give the option holder the  right to receive a cash 
payment equal to the excess of the market price of the Company’s shares of common stock at the time of the exercise 
over  the  original  grant  price.  In  addition,  certain  stock  options  granted  are  performance-based.  The  Performance 
TSARs vest and expire under the same terms and conditions as the underlying option. Vesting is also subject to the 
Company  attaining  prescribed  performance  relative  to  predetermined  key  measures.  Historically,  most  holders  of 
options with TSARs have elected to exercise their stock options as a Stock Appreciation Right (“SAR”) in exchange 
for a cash payment. As a result, outstanding TSARs are not considered potentially dilutive securities. See Note 22 for 
further information on the Company’s outstanding and exercisable TSARs and Performance TSARs. 

At  December  31,  2019,  there  were  36.8  million  Encana  common  shares,  on  a  pre-Share  Consolidation  basis 
(7.4 million  shares  on  a  post-Share  Consolidation  basis),  reserved  for  issuance  under  stock  option  plans  and  the 
Company’s other stock-based compensation plans. 

RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS 

The Company has a share-based compensation plan whereby eligible employees and Directors are granted Restricted 
Share Units (“RSUs”). A RSU is a conditional grant to receive the equivalent of a share of common stock upon vesting 
of the RSUs and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the compensation plan and grant agreements. The 
Company currently settles vested RSUs in cash. As a result, RSUs are currently not considered potentially dilutive 
securities. See Note 22 for further information on the Company’s outstanding RSUs. 

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19.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment 
Balance, Beginning of Year 
Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment 
Balance, End of Year 

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans 
Balance, Beginning of Year 

Other Comprehensive Income Before Reclassifications: 
Net actuarial gains and (losses) (See Note 23) 

Income taxes 

Net prior service costs from plan amendment (See Note 23) 

Income taxes 

Amounts Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income: 
Reclassification of net actuarial (gains) and losses to 
   net earnings (See Note 23) 

Income taxes 

Reclassification of net prior service costs to net earnings (See Note 23) 

Income taxes 

Curtailment in net defined periodic benefit cost (See Note 23) 

Income taxes 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

976      $ 
28        
1,004      $ 

1,029      $ 
(53 )      
976      $ 

1,200   
(171 ) 
1,029   

22      $ 

13      $ 

10   

58        
(12 )      
(31 )      
6        

(2 )      
-        
1        
-        
-        
-        

14        
(3 )      
-        
-        

(1 )      
-        
(1 )      
-        
-        
-        

7   
(2 ) 
-   
-   

-   
-   
(1 ) 
-   
(1 ) 
-   

Balance, End of Year 
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 

   $ 
   $ 

42      $ 
1,046      $ 

22      $ 
998      $ 

13   
1,042   

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company amended the other post-employment benefits arrangements 
in conjunction with the integration of the Newfield business acquired. The plan amendment resulted in an increase to 
pension liabilities with a corresponding loss recognized in other comprehensive income. 

20.  Variable Interest Entities 

Veresen Midstream Limited Partnership 

Veresen Midstream Limited Partnership (“VMLP”) provides gathering, compression and processing services under 
various agreements related to the Company’s development of liquids and natural gas production in the Montney play. 
As at December 31, 2019, VMLP provides approximately 1,206 MMcf/d of natural gas gathering and compression 
and 939 MMcf/d of natural gas processing under long-term service agreements with remaining terms ranging from 12 
to 26 years and have various renewal terms providing up to a potential maximum of 10 years.  

The  Company  has determined  that  VMLP  is  a  VIE  and  that  the  Company  holds  variable  interests  in  VMLP.  The 
Company is not the primary beneficiary as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most 
significantly  impact  VMLP’s  economic  performance.  These  key  activities  relate  to  the  construction,  operation, 
maintenance and marketing of the assets owned by VMLP. The variable interests arise from certain terms under the 
various long-term service agreements and include: i) a take or pay for volumes in certain agreements; ii) an operating 
fee of which a portion can be converted into a fixed fee once VMLP assumes operatorship of certain assets; and iii) a 
potential payout of minimum costs in certain agreements. The potential payout of minimum costs will be assessed in 
the eighth year of the assets’ service period and is based on whether there is an overall shortfall of total system cash 
flows  from  natural  gas  gathered  and  compressed  under  certain  agreements.  The  potential  payout  amount  can  be 
reduced in the event VMLP markets unutilized capacity to third party users. The Company is not required to provide 
any financial support or guarantees to VMLP.  

As a result of the Company’s involvement with VMLP, the maximum total exposure, which represents the potential 
exposure  to  the  Company  in  the  event  the  assets  under  the  agreements  are  deemed  worthless,  is  estimated  to  be 
$2,091 million  as  at  December 31,  2019.  The  estimate  comprises  the  take  or  pay  volume  commitments  and  the 

116 

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potential  payout  of  minimum  costs.  The  take  or  pay  volume  commitments  associated  with  certain  gathering  and 
processing assets are included in Note 27 under Transportation and Processing. The potential payout requirement is 
highly uncertain as the amount is contingent on future production estimates, pace of development and the amount of 
capacity contracted to third parties. As at December 31, 2019, there were no accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
outstanding related to the take or pay commitment. 

21.  Restructuring Charges 

In  February  2019,  in  conjunction  with  the  Newfield  business  combination  as  described  in  Note  8,  the  Company 
announced workforce reductions to better align staffing levels and the organizational structure with the Company’s 
strategy. During 2019, the Company incurred total restructuring charges of $138 million, before tax, primarily related 
to severance costs. As at December 31, 2019, $8 million remained accrued and is expected to be paid in 2020. 

Restructuring charges are included in administrative expense presented in the Corporate and Other segment in the 
Consolidated Statement of Earnings. 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Severance and Benefits 
Outplacement, Moving and Other Expenses 
Restructuring Expenses 

As at December 31 

Outstanding Restructuring Accrual, Beginning of Year 
Current Year Restructuring Expenses Incurred 
Restructuring Costs Paid 
Outstanding Restructuring Accrual, End of Year (1) 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

133      $ 
5        
138      $ 

-      $ 
-        
-      $ 

-   
-   
-   

2019     

2018     

2017   

-      $ 
138        
(130 )      
8      $ 

-      $ 
-        
-        
-      $ 

7   
-   
(7 ) 
-   

(1) 

Included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. 

22.  Compensation Plans 

The Company has a number of compensation arrangements under which the Company awards various types of long-
term incentive grants to eligible employees and Directors. They may include TSARs, SARs, Performance Share Units 
(“PSUs”), Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) and RSUs. These compensation arrangements are share-based.   

The Company accounts for TSARs, SARs, PSUs, and RSUs as cash-settled share-based payment transactions and, 
accordingly, accrues compensation costs over the vesting period based on the fair value of the rights determined using 
the Black-Scholes-Merton and other fair value models.  

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the share units outstanding:  

As at December 31 

Risk Free Interest Rate 
Dividend Yield 
Expected Volatility Rate (1) 
Expected Term 
Market Share Price - Pre-Share Consolidation 
Market Share Price - Post-Share Consolidation (See Note 1) 

(1)  Volatility was estimated using historical rates. 

US$ Share Units 

2019   

2018   

2017 

1.69%   
1.60%   
44.98%   
2.8 yrs   
US$4.69   
US$23.45   

1.85%   
1.04%   
51.28%   
1.4 yrs   
US$5.78   
US$28.90   

1.67% 
0.45% 
57.87% 
1.4 yrs 
US$13.33 
US$66.65 

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As at December 31 

Risk Free Interest Rate 
Dividend Yield 
Expected Volatility Rate (1) 
Expected Term 
Market Share Price - Pre-Share Consolidation 
Market Share Price - Post-Share Consolidation (See Note 1) 

(1)  Volatility was estimated using historical rates. 

C$ Share Units 

2019   

2018   

2017 

1.69%   
1.64%   
43.61%   
2.4 yrs   
C$6.08   
C$30.40   

1.85%   
0.99%   
48.68%   
1.8 yrs   
C$7.88   
C$39.40   

1.67% 
0.46% 
54.10% 
1.5 yrs 
C$16.77 
C$83.85 

The Company has recognized the following share-based compensation costs: 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Total Compensation Costs of Transactions Classified as Cash-Settled 
Less: Total Share-Based Compensation Costs Capitalized 
Total Share-Based Compensation Expense (Recovery) 

Recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings in: 

Operating 
Administrative 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

59      $ 
(20 )      
39      $ 

16      $ 
23        
39      $ 

(65 )    $ 
19        
(46 )    $ 

(13 )    $ 
(33 )      
(46 )    $ 

165   
(55 ) 
110   

34   
76   
110   

As at December 31, 2019, the liability for share-based payment transactions totaled $78 million (2018 - $165 million), 
of which $40 million (2018 - $131 million) is recognized in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $38 million 
(2018 - $34 million) is recognized in other liabilities and provisions in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. 

As at December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Liability for Cash-Settled Share-Based Payment Transactions: 

Unvested 
Vested 

   $ 

   $ 

65      $ 
13        
78      $ 

148      $ 
17        
165      $ 

274   
53   
327   

The following sections outline certain information related to the Company’s compensation plans as at December 31, 
2019.  All  outstanding  and  exercisable  units  presented  in  the  following  sections,  as  well  as  the  weighted  average 
exercise prices, reflect the Share Consolidation as described in Note 1. 

A)  TANDEM STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS 

All options to purchase common shares issued to eligible Canadian-based employees under the Company’s Stock 
Option Plan have associated TSARs attached. In lieu of exercising the option, the associated TSARs give the option 
holder the right to receive a cash payment equal to the excess of the market price of the Company’s common shares 
at  the  time  of  exercise  over  the  original  grant  price.  TSARs  granted  vest  and  are  exercisable  at  30  percent  of  the 
number granted after one year, an additional 30 percent of the number granted after two years, are fully exercisable 
after three years and expire seven years after the date granted. TSARs granted before February 2015 expired five years 
after the date granted. 

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The following tables summarize information related to the TSARs:  

As at December 31 

(thousands of units) 

Outstanding, Beginning of Year 

Granted 
Exercised - SARs 
Exercised - Options 
Forfeited 
Expired 

Outstanding, End of Year 
Exercisable, End of Year 

As at December 31, 2019 

Range of Exercise Price (C$) 

0.00 to 49.99 
50.00 to 99.99 

2019 

2018 

Outstanding 

TSARs     

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price (C$)     

Outstanding 

TSARs     

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price (C$)   

2,073        
249        
(8 )      
-        
(21 )      
(687 )      
1,606        
1,179        

67.23        
44.83        
27.80        
-        
76.32        
102.73        
48.65        
45.89        

3,054        
174        
(74 )      
-        
(62 )      
(1,019 )      
2,073        
1,459        

74.35   
68.80   
37.20   
-   
78.00   
90.30   
67.23   
75.10   

Outstanding TSARs 

Exercisable TSARs 

Number 
of TSARs 
(thousands 

of units)     

Weighted 
Average 
Remaining 
Contractual 
Life (years)     

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price (C$)     

Number 
of TSARs 
(thousands 

of units)     

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price (C$)   

950        
656        
1,606        

3.97        
3.37        
3.73        

32.18        
72.51        
48.65        

705        
474        
1,179        

27.80   
72.79   
45.89   

During  the  year,  the  Company  recorded  a  reduction  of  compensation  costs  of  $6  million  related  to  the  TSARs 
(2018 - reduction of compensation costs of $35 million; 2017 - compensation costs of $12 million). 

As  at  December  31,  2019,  there  was  approximately  $0.3  million  of  unrecognized  compensation  costs  (2018  - 
$0.2 million) related to unvested TSARs. The costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 
1.9 years. 

B) 

STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS 

U.S. dollar denominated SARs are granted to eligible U.S.-based employees, which entitle the employee to receive a 
payment equal to the excess of the market price of the Company’s common shares at the time of exercise over the 
original grant price of the right. SARs granted vest and are exercisable at 30 percent of the number granted after one 
year, an additional 30 percent of the number granted after two years, are fully exercisable after three years and expire 
seven years after the date granted. SARs granted before February 2015 expired five years after the date granted. The 
Company currently settles vested SARs in cash. 

The following tables summarize information related to the U.S. dollar denominated SARs:  

As at December 31 

(thousands of units) 

Outstanding, Beginning of Year 

Granted 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Expired 

Outstanding, End of Year 
Exercisable, End of Year 

2019 

2018 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price (US$)     

Outstanding 

SARs     

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price (US$)   

Outstanding 

SARs     

820        
344        
(5 )      
(18 )      
(352 )      
789        
378        

67.08        
34.29        
20.30        
91.59        
95.67        
39.84        
41.92        

1,269        
75        
(88 )      
(61 )      
(375 )      
820        
621        

71.25   
55.10   
29.45   
54.40   
89.70   
67.08   
75.95   

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As at December 31, 2019 

Outstanding SARs 

Exercisable SARs 

Range of Exercise Price (US$) 

0.00 to 49.99 
50.00 to 99.99 

Number 
of SARs 
(thousands 
of units)   

Weighted 
Average 
Remaining 
Contractual 
Life (years)   

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price (US$)   

Number 
of SARs 
(thousands 
of units)   

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price (US$)   

513        
276        
789        

5.23        
2.95        
4.43        

29.67        
58.76        
39.84        

170        
208        
378        

20.30   
59.53   
41.92   

During  the  year,  the  Company  recorded  compensation  costs  of  nil  related  to  the  SARs  (2018  -  a  reduction  of 
compensation costs of $12 million; 2017 - compensation costs of $6 million).   

As  at  December  31,  2019,  there  was  approximately  $0.7  million  of  unrecognized  compensation  costs  (2018  - 
$0.3 million)  related  to  unvested  U.S.  dollar  denominated  SARs.  The  costs  are  expected  to  be  recognized  over  a 
weighted average period of 1.9 years.   

C)  PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS 

PSUs are granted to eligible employees, which entitle the employee to receive, upon vesting, a payment equal to the 
value of one common share for each PSU held, subject to the terms and conditions of the PSU Plan. PSUs vest three 
years from the date granted, provided the employee remains actively employed with the Company on the vesting date. 
The Company currently settles vested PSUs in cash. Based on the performance assessment, up to a maximum of two 
times the original PSU grant may be eligible to vest in respect of the year being measured. The respective proportion 
of the original PSU grant deemed eligible to vest for each year will be valued and the notional cash value deposited 
to a PSU account, with payout deferred to the final vesting date. 

The ultimate value  of the PSUs will depend upon the Company’s performance relative to predetermined strategic 
milestones as well as the performance of a specified peer group over a three-year period. 

The following table summarizes information related to the PSUs: 

 (thousands of units) 
As at December 31 

Unvested and Outstanding, Beginning of Year 

Granted 
Vested and Released 
Units, in Lieu of Dividends 
Forfeited 

Unvested and Outstanding, End of Year 

U.S. Dollar Denominated 
Outstanding PSUs 

Canadian Dollar Denominated 
Outstanding PSUs 

2019   

2018   

2019   

652        
767        
(643 )      
11        
(14 )      
773        

675        
182        
(158 )      
4        
(51 )      
652        

1,190        
787        
(1,150 )      
12        
(29 )      
810        

2018   

1,200   
320   
(323 ) 
7   
(14 ) 
1,190   

During the year, the Company recorded compensation costs of $25 million related to the outstanding PSUs (2018  - 
compensation costs of $10 million; 2017 - compensation costs of $48 million).   

As  at  December  31,  2019,  there  was  approximately  $19  million  of  unrecognized  compensation  costs  (2018  - 
$16 million) related to unvested PSUs. The costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 
1.4 years. 

D)  DEFERRED SHARE UNITS 

The  Company has in place a program whereby Directors and certain key employees are issued DSUs, which vest 
immediately, are equivalent in value to a common share and are settled in cash.   

Under the DSU Plan, employees have the option to convert either 25 or 50 percent of their annual High Performance 
Results (“HPR”) award into DSUs. The number of DSUs converted is based on the value of the award divided by the 
closing value of the Company’s share price at the end of the performance period of the HPR award. 

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For both Directors and employees, DSUs can only be redeemed following departure from the Company in accordance 
with the terms of the respective DSU Plan and must be redeemed prior to December 15th of the year following the 
departure from the Company. 

The following table summarizes information related to the DSUs: 

 (thousands of units) 
As at December 31 

Outstanding, Beginning of Year 

Granted 
Converted from HPR awards 
Units, in Lieu of Dividends 
Redeemed 

Outstanding, End of Year 

Canadian Dollar Denominated 
Outstanding DSUs 

2019     

2018   

191        
13        
11        
3        
(1 )      
217        

179   
7   
4   
1   
-   
191   

During the year, the Company recorded a reduction of compensation costs of $1 million related to the outstanding 
DSUs (2018 - reduction of compensation costs of $6 million; 2017 - compensation costs of $3 million). 

E)  RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS  

RSUs are granted to eligible employees and Directors. An RSU is a conditional grant to receive the equivalent of a 
common share upon vesting of the RSUs and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the RSU Plans and grant 
agreements.  

RSUs issued to employees vest three years from the date granted, provided the employee remains actively employed 
with the Company on the vesting date. RSUs issued to Directors fully vest on the grant date and have no required term 
of service. The RSUs  issued to Directors are  settled three years from the date  granted or following the Director’s 
departure from the Company, whichever is earlier.  

The Company currently settles RSUs granted to eligible employees and Directors in cash. 

The following table summarizes information related to the RSUs: 

 (thousands of units) 
As at December 31 

Unvested and Outstanding, Beginning of Year 

Granted 
Units, in Lieu of Dividends 
Vested and Released 
Forfeited 

Unvested and Outstanding, End of Year 

U.S Dollar Denominated 
Outstanding RSUs 

Canadian Dollar Denominated 
Outstanding RSUs 

2019     

2018     

2019     

2018   

2,118        
1,456        
33        
(1,165 )      
(172 )      
2,270        

2,107        
548        
14        
(453 )      
(98 )      
2,118        

2,175        
768        
25        
(1,203 )      
(96 )      
1,669        

2,206   
516   
14   
(510 ) 
(51 ) 
2,175   

During the year, the Company recorded compensation costs of $41 million related to the outstanding RSUs (2018 - a 
reduction of compensation costs of $22 million; 2017 - compensation costs of $98 million).  

As  at  December  31,  2019,  there  was  approximately  $39  million  of  unrecognized  compensation  costs  (2018  -
$30 million) related to unvested RSUs. The costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 
1.5 years. 

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23.  Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits 

The Company sponsors defined benefit and defined contribution plans, providing pension and other post-employment 
benefits (“OPEB”) to its employees in the U.S. and Canada. As of January 1, 2003, the defined benefit pension plan 
was closed to new entrants. The average remaining service period of active employees participating in the defined 
benefit pension plan is six years and the average remaining life expectancy of inactive employees is 13 years. The 
average remaining service period of the active employees participating in the OPEB plan is eight years.   

The Company is required to file an actuarial valuation of its pension plans with the provincial regulator at least every 
three years, or more frequently if directed by the regulator. The most recent filing was dated December 31, 2017 and 
the next required filing is expected to be as at December 31, 2020. 

The following tables set forth changes in the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for the Company’s defined 
benefit pension and other post-employment benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, as well as 
the funded status of the plans and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements as at December 31, 
2019 and 2018. 

As at December 31 

Change in Benefit Obligations 
Projected Benefit Obligation, Beginning of Year 
Service Cost 
Interest Cost 
Actuarial (Gains) Losses 
Exchange Differences 
Employee Contributions 
Benefits Paid 
Plan Acquisition 
Plan Amendment 
Curtailment 
Projected Benefit Obligation, End of Year 

Change in Plan Assets 
Fair Value of Plan Assets, Beginning of Year 
Actual Return on Plan Assets 
Exchange Differences 
Employee Contributions 
Employer Contributions 
Benefits Paid 
Transfers to Defined Contribution Plan 
Fair Value of Plan Assets, End of Year 

Funded Status of Plan Assets, End of Year 

Total Recognized Amounts in the 
     Consolidated Balance Sheet Consist of: 
Other Assets 
Current Liabilities 
Non-Current Liabilities 
Total 

Total Recognized Amounts in Accumulated 
     Other Comprehensive Income Consist of: 
Net Actuarial (Gains) Losses 
Net Prior Service Costs 
Total Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive 
     Income, Before Tax 

Defined Benefits 

2019     

2018     

OPEB 

2019     

2018   

196      $ 
1        
7        
10        
9        
-        
(14 )      
-        
-        
-        
209      $ 

182      $ 
23        
9        
-        
-        
(14 )      
-        
200      $ 

226      $ 
1        
7        
(7 )      
(17 )      
-        
(14 )      
-        
-        
-        
196      $ 

210      $ 
-        
(16 )      
-        
2        
(14 )      
-        
182      $ 

73      $ 
10        
4        
(52 )      
1        
1        
(9 )      
24        
31        
4        
87      $ 

-      $ 
-        
-        
1        
8        
(9 )      
-        
-      $ 

85   
7   
3   
(15 ) 
(2 ) 
1   
(6 ) 
-   
-   
-   
73   

-   
-   
-   
1   
5   
(6 ) 
-   
-   

(9 )    $ 

(14 )    $ 

(87 )    $ 

(73 ) 

12      $ 
-        
(21 )      
(9 )    $ 

4      $ 
-        
(18 )      
(14 )    $ 

-      $ 
(9 )      
(78 )      
(87 )    $ 

21      $ 
(5 )      

28      $ 
(5 )      

(97 )    $ 
26        

16      $ 

23      $ 

(71 )    $ 

-   
(6 ) 
(67 ) 
(73 ) 

(48 ) 
(4 ) 

(52 ) 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

The accumulated defined benefit obligation for all defined benefit plans was $295 million as at December 31, 2019 
(2018 - $267 million).   

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The following table sets forth the  defined benefit plans with accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit 
obligation in excess of the fair value of the plan assets: 

As at December 31 

Projected Benefit Obligation 
Accumulated Benefit Obligation 
Fair Value of Plan Assets 

Defined Benefits 

OPEB 

2019   

2018     

2019   

2018   

   $ 

  $ 

(72 ) 
(72 ) 
51   

(67 )    $ 
(66 )      
49        

  $ 

(87 ) 
(87 ) 
-   

(73 ) 
(73 ) 
-   

Following are the weighted average assumptions used by the Company in determining the defined benefit pension and 
other post-employment benefit obligations: 

As at December 31 

Discount Rate 
Rates of Increase in Compensation Levels 

Defined Benefits 

2019   

2018      

OPEB 

2019   

3.00%      
3.09%      

3.50 %   
3.12 %   

2.95%      
6.27%      

2018   

4.04 % 
6.27 % 

The following sets forth total benefit plans expense recognized by the Company:  

For the years ended December 31 

Net Defined Periodic Benefit Cost 
Defined Contribution Plan Expense 
Total Benefit Plans Expense 

Pension Benefits 
2018     

2019     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

OPEB 

  $ 

  $ 

2     $ 
29       
31     $ 

1     $ 
24       
25     $ 

-     $ 
24       
24     $ 

16     $ 
-       
16     $ 

7     $ 
-       
7     $ 

3   
-   
3   

Of the total benefit plans expense, $31 million (2018  - $23 million; 2017 - $25 million) was included in operating 
expense and $9 million (2018  - $9 million; 2017  - $8 million) was included in administrative expense. Excluding 
service  costs,  net  defined  periodic  benefit  costs  of  $7  million  (2018  - nil;  2017  -  curtailment  of  $6 million)  were 
recorded in other (gains) losses, net. 

The net defined periodic benefit cost is as follows:  

For the years ended December 31 

Service Cost 
Interest Cost 
Expected Return on Plan Assets 
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated 
Other Comprehensive Income: 

Amortization of net actuarial (gains) and losses 
Amortization of net prior service costs 
Curtailment from net prior service costs 

Curtailment 
Total Net Defined Periodic Benefit Cost (1) 

Defined Benefits 
2018     

2019     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

OPEB 

  $ 

  $ 

1     $ 
7       
(7 )     

1       
-       
-       
-       
2     $ 

1     $ 
7       
(8 )     

1       
-       
-       
-       
1     $ 

1     $ 
7       
(9 )     

1       
-       
-       
-       
-     $ 

10     $ 
4       
-       

(3 )     
1       
-       
4       
16     $ 

7     $ 
3       
-       

(2 )     
(1 )     
-       
-       
7     $ 

8   
3   
-   

(1 ) 
(1 ) 
(1 ) 
(5 ) 
3   

(1)  The components of total net defined periodic benefit cost, excluding the service cost component, are included in other (gains) losses, net. 

123 

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The amounts recognized in other comprehensive income are as follows: 

For the years ended December 31 

Defined Benefits 
2018     

2019     

2017   

2019     

2018     

2017   

OPEB 

Net Actuarial (Gains) Losses 
Net Prior Service Costs from Plan Amendment 
Amortization of Net Actuarial Gains and (Losses) 
Amortization of Net Prior Service Costs 
Curtailment of Net Prior Service Costs 
Total Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive 
    (Income) Loss, Before Tax 
Total Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive 
    (Income) Loss, After Tax 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

(6 )   $ 
-       
(1 )     
-       
-       

(7 )   $ 

(5 )   $ 

1     $ 
-       
(1 )     
-       
-       

-     $ 

-     $ 

  $ 

1   
-   
(1 )      
-   
-   

(52 )   $ 
31       
3       
(1 )     
-       

(15 )   $ 
-       
2       
1       
-       

-   

  $ 

(19 )   $ 

(12 )   $ 

-   

  $ 

(15 )   $ 

(9 )   $ 

(8 ) 
-   
1   
1   
1   

(5 ) 

(3 ) 

The estimated net actuarial gains and net prior service costs for the pension and other post-retirement plans that will 
be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into the defined periodic benefit plan expense in 2020 
is $8 million. 

Following are the weighted average assumptions used by the Company in determining the net periodic pension and 
other post-retirement benefit costs: 

For the years ended December 31 

Discount Rate 
Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets 
Rates of Increase in Compensation Levels 

Defined Benefits 
2018      

2019   

2017      

2019   

2018      

2017   

OPEB 

3.50 %     
4.00 %     
3.12 %     

3.25 %     
4.25 %     
3.49 %     

3.50 %     
5.25 %     
3.49 %     

4.16 %     
-   
6.53 %     

3.46 %     
-        
6.36 %     

3.76 % 
-   
6.10 % 

The Company’s assumed health care cost trend rates are as follows: 

For the years ended December 31 

Health Care Cost Trend Rate for Next Year 
Rate to Which the Cost Trend Rate is Assumed to Decline (Ultimate Trend Rate) 
Year that the Rate Reaches the Ultimate Trend Rate 

2019   

2018      

2017   

6.61 %     
5.00 %     
2026   

6.99 %     
5.00 %     
2026      

6.98 % 
5.00 % 
2025   

A one percent change in the assumed health care cost trend rate over the projected period would have the following 
effects: 

Effect on Total of Service and Interest Cost Components 
Effect on Other Post-Retirement Benefit Obligations 

1% Increase     

1% Decrease   

   $ 
   $ 

2      $ 
3      $ 

(2 ) 
(3 ) 

The Company expects to contribute $6 million to its defined benefit pension plans in 2020. The Company’s OPEB 
plans are funded on an as required basis. 

The following provides an estimate of benefit payments for the next 10 years. These estimates reflect benefit increases 
due to continuing employee service. 

2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 - 2029 

Defined Benefit 
Pension Payments     

Other Benefit 
Payments   

     $ 

14      $ 
14        
14        
13        
13        
62        

9   
9   
9   
8   
8   
28   

124 

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The Company’s registered and other defined benefit pension plan assets are presented by investment asset category 
and input level within the fair value hierarchy as follows: 

As at December 31 

Investments: 
Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Fixed Income - Canadian Bond Funds 
Equity - International 
Fair Value of Plan Assets, End of Year 

As at December 31 

Investments: 
Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Fixed Income - Canadian Bond Funds 
Equity - International 
Fair Value of Plan Assets, End of Year 

Level 1     

Level 2     

Level 3     

Total   

2019 

26      $ 
-        
-        
26      $ 

-      $ 
105        
69        
174      $ 

2018 

-      $ 
-        
-        
-      $ 

26   
105   
69   
200   

Level 1     

Level 2     

Level 3     

Total   

26      $ 
-        
-        
26      $ 

-      $ 
96        
60        
156      $ 

-      $ 
-        
-        
-      $ 

26   
96   
60   
182   

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

Fixed  Income  investments  consist  of  Canadian  bonds  issued  by  investment  grade  companies.  Equity  investments 
consist of international securities, including securities held in the U.S. The fair values of these securities are based on 
dealer quotes, quoted market prices and net asset values. During 2018, Real Estate and Other consisted mainly of 
commercial properties and was valued based on a discounted cash flow model. As at December 31, 2019 and 2018, 
Real Estate and Other had a balance of nil. 

A summary in changes in Level 3 fair value measurements is presented below: 

As at December 31 

Balance, Beginning of Year 
Purchases, Sales and Settlements 

Purchases and sales 
Settlements 

Actual Return on Plan Assets 

Relating to assets sold during the reporting period 
Relating to assets still held at the reporting date 

Transfers In and Out of Level 3 
Balance, End of Year 

Real Estate and Other 

2019     

2018   

-      $ 

-        
-        

-        
-        
-        
-      $ 

11   

-   
(10 ) 

(1 ) 
-   
-   
-   

   $ 

   $ 

Registered pension plan assets were invested by the Company in the following as at December 31, 2019: 68 percent 
Bonds (2018 - 69 percent), and 32 percent U.S. and Foreign Equity (2018 - 31 percent). The expected long-term rate 
of return is 3.75 percent. The expected rate of return on pension plan assets is based on historical and projected rates 
of return for each asset class in the plan investment portfolio. The actual return on plan assets was $23 million (2018 
- nil). The asset allocation structure is subject to diversification requirements and constraints, which reduce risk by 
limiting exposure to individual equity investment, credit rating categories and foreign currency exposure. 

125 

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24.  Fair Value Measurements 

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accrued revenues, and accounts payable and 
accrued liabilities approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturity of those instruments. The fair 
values of restricted cash and marketable securities included in other assets approximate their carrying amounts due to 
the nature of the instruments held. Fair value information related to pension plan assets is included in Note 23. 

Recurring  fair  value  measurements  are  performed  for  risk  management  assets  and  liabilities  and  other  derivative 
contracts, as discussed further in Note 25. These items are carried at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and 
are classified within the three levels of the fair value hierarchy in the following tables. There have been no significant 
transfers between the hierarchy levels during the period.  

Fair value changes and settlements for amounts related to risk management assets and liabilities are recognized in 
revenues, and foreign exchange gains and losses according to their purpose. 

As at December 31, 2019 

Risk Management Assets 
Commodity Derivatives: 
Current assets 
Long-term assets 

Foreign Currency Derivatives: 

Current assets 

Risk Management Liabilities 
Commodity Derivatives: 
Current liabilities 
Long-term liabilities 

Other Derivative Contracts 

Level 1 
Quoted 
Prices in 
Active 
Markets     

Level 2 
Other 
Observable 

Level 3 
Significant 
Unobservable 

Total Fair 

Inputs     

Inputs     

Value      Netting (1)     

Carrying 
Amount   

  $ 

-     $ 
-       

202     $ 
6       

-     $ 
-       

202     $ 
6       

(67 )   $ 
(4 )     

135   
2   

-       

13       

-       

13       

-       

13   

  $ 

1     $ 
-       

139     $ 
61       

41     $ 
11       

181     $ 
72       

(67 )   $ 
(4 )     

114   
68   

Current in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Long-term in other liabilities and provisions 

  $ 

-     $ 
-       

2     $ 
7       

-     $ 
-       

2     $ 
7       

-     $ 
-       

2   
7   

As at December 31, 2018 

Risk Management Assets 
Commodity Derivatives: 
Current assets 
Long-term assets 

Risk Management Liabilities 
Commodity Derivatives: 
Current liabilities 
Long-term liabilities 
Foreign Currency Derivatives: 

Current liabilities 

Other Derivative Contracts 

  $ 

  $ 

Level 1 
Quoted 
Prices in 
Active 
Markets     

Level 2 
Other 
Observable 

Level 3 
Significant 
Unobservable 

Total Fair 

Inputs     

Inputs     

Value      Netting (1)     

Carrying 
Amount   

-     $ 
-       

492     $ 
177       

139     $ 
-       

631     $ 
177       

(77 )   $ 
(16 )     

554   
161   

-     $ 
-       

81     $ 
38       

-     $ 
-       

81     $ 
38       

(77 )   $ 
(16 )     

-       

21       

-       

21       

-       

4   
22   

21   

4   
10   

Current in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Long-term in other liabilities and provisions 

  $ 

-     $ 
-       

4     $ 
10       

-     $ 
-       

4     $ 
10       

-     $ 
-       

(1)  Netting to offset derivative assets and liabilities where the legal right and intention to offset exists, or where counterparty master netting 

arrangements contain provisions for net settlement.  

126 

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The Company’s Level 1 and Level 2 risk management assets and liabilities consist of commodity fixed price contracts, 
NYMEX fixed price swaptions, NYMEX three-way options, NYMEX costless collars, NYMEX call options, foreign 
currency swaps and basis swaps with terms to 2025. Level 2 also includes financial guarantee contracts as discussed 
in Note 25. The fair values of these contracts are based on a market approach and are estimated using inputs which 
are either directly or indirectly observable from active markets, such as exchange and other published prices, broker 
quotes and observable trading activity throughout the term of the instruments.  

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements  

As at December 31, 2019, the Company’s Level 3 risk management assets and liabilities consist of WTI three-way 
options, WTI costless collars and WTI sold payer swaptions with terms to 2021. The WTI three-way options are a 
combination of a sold call, bought put and a sold put. The WTI costless collars are a combination of a sold call and a 
bought put. These contracts allow the Company to participate in the upside of commodity prices to the ceiling of the 
call option and provide the Company with complete (collars) or partial (three-way) downside price protection through 
the put options. The sold payer swaptions give the counterparty the right to extend to 2021 certain 2020 WTI fixed 
price swaps. The fair values of these contracts are based on the income approach and are modelled using observable 
and unobservable inputs such as implied volatility. The unobservable inputs are obtained from third parties whenever 
possible and reviewed by the Company for reasonableness. 

A summary of changes in Level 3 fair value measurements is presented below: 

Balance, Beginning of Year 
Total Gains (Losses) 
Purchases, Sales, Issuances and Settlements: 

Purchases, sales and issuances 
Settlements 

Transfers Out of Level 3 (1) 
Balance, End of Year 

Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Assets and Liabilities 
   Held at End of Year 

Risk Management 

2019     

2018   

     $ 

     $ 

139      $ 
(123 )      

-        
(68 )      
-        
(52 )    $ 

(51 ) 
97   

-   
93   
-   
139   

     $ 

(52 )    $ 

139   

(1)  The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers out of Level 3 on the date of the event of change in circumstances that caused the transfer.  

Quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements is presented below: 

As at December 31 

  Valuation Technique   

Unobservable Input     

2019     

2018 

Risk Management - WTI Options 

Option Model   

Implied Volatility     

18% - 65%     

29% - 73% 

A 10 percent increase or decrease in implied volatility for the WTI options would cause an approximate corresponding 
$8 million (2018 - $6 million) increase or decrease to net risk management assets and liabilities.  

127 

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25.  Financial Instruments and Risk Management  

A)  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are recognized in cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and 
accrued revenues, other assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, risk management assets and liabilities, long-
term debt, and other liabilities and provisions.   

B)  RISK MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to cash flow variability from commodity 
prices and fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. The Company does not apply hedge accounting to any of its 
derivative financial instruments. As a result, gains and losses from changes in the fair value are recognized in net 
earnings. 

COMMODITY PRICE RISK 

Commodity price risk arises from the effect that fluctuations in future commodity prices may have on future cash 
flows.  To  partially  mitigate  exposure  to  commodity  price  risk,  the  Company  has  entered  into  various  derivative 
financial instruments. The use of these derivative instruments is governed under formal policies and is subject to limits 
established by the Board of Directors. 

Crude Oil and NGLs - To partially mitigate crude oil and NGL commodity price risk, the Company uses WTI-based 
contracts such as fixed price contracts, fixed price swaptions, options and costless collars. The Company has also 
entered  into  basis  swaps  to  manage  against  widening  price  differentials  between  various  production  areas  and 
benchmark price points. 

Natural Gas - To partially mitigate natural gas commodity price risk, the Company uses NYMEX-based contracts 
such as fixed price contracts, fixed price swaptions, options and costless collars. The Company has also entered into 
basis swaps to manage against widening price differentials between various production areas and benchmark price 
points. 

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK 

Foreign exchange risk arises from changes in foreign currency exchange rates that may affect the fair value or future 
cash  flows  of  the  Company’s  financial  assets  or  liabilities.  To  partially  mitigate  the  effect  of  foreign  exchange 
fluctuations on future commodity revenues and expenses, the Company may enter into foreign currency derivative 
contracts. As at December 31, 2019, the Company has entered into $425 million notional U.S. dollar denominated 
currency swaps at an average exchange rate of US$0.7483 to C$1, which mature monthly throughout 2020.  

128 

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RISK MANAGEMENT POSITIONS AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2019 

Crude Oil and NGL Contracts 
Fixed Price Contracts 
WTI Fixed Price 
Propane Fixed Price 
Butane Fixed Price 
Iso-Butane Fixed Price 

WTI Fixed Price Swaptions (1) 

WTI Three-Way Options 

Sold call / bought put / sold put 

WTI Costless Collars 

Sold call / bought put 

Basis Contracts (2) 
Crude Oil and NGLs Fair Value Position 

Natural Gas Contracts 
Fixed Price Contracts 

NYMEX Fixed Price 

NYMEX Fixed Price Swaptions (3) 

NYMEX Three-Way Options 

Sold call / bought put / sold put 

NYMEX Costless Collars 
Sold call / bought put 

NYMEX Call Options 
Sold call price 

Basis Contracts (4) 

Natural Gas Fair Value Position 

Net Premiums Received on Unexpired Options 

Other Derivative Contracts 
Fair Value Position 

Foreign Currency Contracts 
Fair Value Position (5) 
Total Fair Value Position and Net Premiums Received 

  Notional Volumes   

Term 

Average Price 

     Fair Value    

70.0 Mbbls/d 
12.0 Mbbls/d 
8.0 Mbbls/d 
3.5 Mbbls/d 

10.0 Mbbls/d 

2020 
2020 
2020 
2020 

2021 

US$/bbl 

57.56 
21.34 
23.54 
24.36 

58.00 

    $ 

(22 ) 
10   
(4 ) 
(3 ) 

(11 ) 

80.0 Mbbls/d 

2020 

   61.68 / 53.44 / 43.44        

(43 ) 

15.0 Mbbls/d 

803 MMcf/d 

330 MMcf/d 

2020 

2020 

2020 

2021 

68.71 / 50.00 

US$/Mcf 

2.65 

2.56 

330 MMcf/d 

2020 

2.72 / 2.60 / 2.25 

55 MMcf/d 

2020 

2.88 / 2.50 

230 MMcf/d 

2020 

3.25 

2020 
2021 
   2022 - 2025      

2020 

    $ 

2   

(41 ) 
(112 ) 

107   

(15 ) 

22   

6   

7   

(11 ) 
(13 ) 
(27 ) 
76   

(9 ) 

(9 ) 

13   
(41 ) 

(1)  WTI Fixed Price Swaptions give the counterparty the option to extend certain 2020 Fixed Price swaps to 2021. 
(2)  The Company has entered into crude oil and NGL differential swaps associated with Midland, Magellan East Houston, Belvieu, Conway, 

Brent, Edmonton Condensate and WTI. 

(3)  NYMEX Fixed Price Swaptions give the counterparty the option to extend certain 2020 Fixed Price swaps to 2021. 
(4)  The Company has entered into natural gas basis swaps associated with AECO, Dawn, Chicago, Malin,  Waha, Houston Ship Channel and 

NYMEX. 

(5)  The Company has entered into U.S. dollar denominated fixed-for-floating average currency swaps to protect against fluctuations between the 

Canadian and U.S. dollars. 

129 

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EARNINGS IMPACT OF REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAINS (LOSSES) ON RISK MANAGEMENT POSITIONS 

For the years ended December 31 

2019     

2018     

2017   

Realized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management 
Commodity and Other Derivatives: 

Revenues (1) 
Transportation and processing 

Foreign Currency Derivatives: 

Foreign exchange 

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management 
Commodity and Other Derivatives: 

Revenues (2) 

Foreign Currency Derivatives: 

Foreign exchange 

Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, net 
Commodity and Other Derivatives: 

Revenues (1) (2) 
Transportation and processing 

Foreign Currency Derivatives: 

Foreign exchange 

     $ 

     $ 

369      $ 
-        

3        
372      $ 

(104 )    $ 
-        

10        
(94 )    $ 

     $ 

(730 )    $ 

519      $ 

     $ 

     $ 

     $ 

34        
(696 )    $ 

(51 )      
468      $ 

(361 )    $ 
-        

37        
(324 )    $ 

415      $ 
-        

(41 )      
374      $ 

40   
(4 ) 

15   
51   

442   

32   
474   

482   
(4 ) 

47   
525   

(1) 

(2) 

Includes a realized gain of $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018 - gain of $7 million; 2017 - gain of $7 million) related to 
other derivative contracts. 
Includes an unrealized loss of $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018 - loss of $2 million; 2017 - loss of $2 million) related 
to other derivative contracts. 

RECONCILIATION OF UNREALIZED RISK MANAGEMENT POSITIONS FROM JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31 

Fair Value of Contracts, Beginning of Year 
Change in Fair Value of Contracts in Place at Beginning of Year 
   and Contracts Entered into During the Year 
Settlement of Other Derivative Contracts 
Amortization of Option Premiums During the Year 
Fair Value of Contracts Realized During the Year 
Fair Value of Contracts Outstanding 

2019 

Fair Value     

   $ 

654        

(324 )    $ 
6        
(5 )      
(372 )      
(41 )    $ 

   $ 

Total 
Unrealized 
Gain (Loss)     

2018     
Total 
Unrealized   
Gain (Loss)     

2017   
Total 
Unrealized   
Gain (Loss)   

(324 )    $ 

374      $ 

525   

(372 )      
(696 )    $ 

94        
468      $ 

(51 ) 
474   

Risk management assets and liabilities arise from the use of derivative financial instruments and are measured at fair 
value. See Note 24 for a discussion of fair value measurements. 

130 

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UNREALIZED RISK MANAGEMENT POSITIONS  

As at December 31 

Risk Management Assets 

Current 
Long-term 

Risk Management Liabilities 

Current 
Long-term 

   $ 

Other Derivative Contracts 

Current in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Long-term in other liabilities and provisions 

Net Risk Management Assets (Liabilities) and Other Derivative Contracts 

   $ 

SUMMARY OF UNREALIZED RISK MANAGEMENT POSITIONS  

As at December 31 

Commodity Price Positions 
Crude oil and NGLs 
Natural gas 
Other Positions 

Other derivative contracts 
Foreign currency contracts 

Total Fair Value Position 

C)  CREDIT RISK 

2019 
Risk Management 
Asset      Liability     

  $ 

  $ 

4     $ 
133       

-       
13       
150     $ 

116     $ 
66       

9       
-       
191     $ 

2018 
Risk Management 
Liability     

Asset     

380     $ 
335       

-       
-       
715     $ 

13      $ 
13        

14        
21        
61      $ 

Net     

(112 )    $ 
67        

(9 )      
13        
(41 )    $ 

2019     

2018   

148      $ 
2        
150        

114        
68        
182        

2        
7        
(41 )    $ 

554   
161   
715   

25   
22   
47   

4   
10   
654   

Net   

367   
322   

(14 ) 
(21 ) 
654   

Credit risk arises from the potential that the Company may incur a loss if a counterparty to a financial instrument fails 
to meet its obligation in accordance with agreed terms. While exchange-traded contracts are subject to nominal credit 
risk due to the financial safeguards established by the NYSE and the TSX, over-the-counter traded contracts expose 
the  Company  to  counterparty  credit  risk.  This  credit  risk  exposure  is  mitigated  through  the  use  of  credit  policies 
approved by the Board of Directors governing the  Company’s credit portfolio including credit practices that limit 
transactions according to counterparties’ credit quality. Mitigation strategies may include master netting arrangements, 
requesting  collateral,  purchasing  credit  insurance,  and/or  transacting  credit  derivatives.  The  Company  executes 
commodity derivative financial instruments under master agreements that have netting provisions that provide  for 
offsetting payables against receivables. As a result of netting provisions, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss 
under derivative financial instruments due to credit risk is limited to the net amounts due from the counterparties under 
the derivative contracts, as disclosed in Note 24. As at December 31, 2019, the Company had no significant credit 
derivatives in place and held no collateral. 

As at December 31, 2019, cash equivalents include high-grade, short-term securities, placed primarily with financial 
institutions and companies with strong investment grade ratings. Any foreign currency agreements entered into are 
with major financial institutions that have investment grade credit ratings.   

A substantial portion of the Company’s accounts receivable are with customers and working interest owners in the oil 
and gas industry and are subject to normal industry credit risks. As at December 31, 2019, approximately 95 percent 
(2018  -  97  percent)  of  the  Company’s  accounts  receivable  and  financial  derivative  credit  exposures  were  with 
investment grade counterparties.  

131 

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As at December 31, 2019, the Company had six counterparties whose net settlement position individually accounted 
for  more  than  10 percent  of  the  fair  value  of  the  outstanding  in-the-money  net  risk  management  contracts  by 
counterparty.  These  counterparties  accounted  for  26  percent,  13  percent,  12  percent,  12  percent,  11  percent  and 
11 percent of the fair value of the outstanding in-the-money net risk management contracts. As at December 31, 2018, 
the Company had four counterparties whose net settlement position accounted for 30 percent, 13 percent 12 percent 
and 10 percent of the fair value of the outstanding in-the-money net risk management contracts. 

During  2015  and  2017,  the  Company  entered  into  agreements  resulting  from  divestitures,  which  may  require  the 
Company to fulfill certain payment obligations on the take or pay volume commitments assumed by the purchasers. 
The circumstances that would require the Company to perform under the agreements include events where a purchaser 
fails to make payment to the guaranteed party and/or a purchaser is subject to an insolvency event. The agreements 
have remaining terms from two to five years with a fair value recognized of $9 million as at December 31, 2019 (2018 
- $14 million). The maximum potential amount of undiscounted future payments is $129 million as at December 31, 
2019, and is considered unlikely.   

26.  Supplementary Information 

Supplemental disclosures to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows are presented below: 

A)  NET CHANGE IN NON-CASH WORKING CAPITAL  

For the years ended December 31 

2019   

2018   

2017   

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

Operating Activities 

Accounts receivable and accrued revenues 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities 
Income tax receivable and payable 

B)  NON-CASH ACTIVITIES 

For the years ended December 31 

Non-Cash Investing Activities 

Asset retirement obligation incurred (See Note 17) 
Asset retirement obligation change in estimated future cash outflows (See Note 17) 
Property, plant and equipment accruals 
Capitalized long-term incentives 
Property additions/dispositions (swaps) 
New ROU operating lease assets and liabilities (See Note 14) 

Non-Cash Financing Activities 

Common shares issued in conjunction with the Newfield business 
   combination (See Note 8) 
Common shares issued under dividend reinvestment plan (See Note 18) 

C) 

SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION 

109      $ 
(44 )      
49        
(27 )      
87      $ 

(150 )    $ 
141        
-        
254        
245      $ 

(21 ) 
(226 ) 
-   
(6 ) 
(253 ) 

2019     

2018     

2017   

15      $ 
47        
(78 )      
(27 )      
159        
(20 )      

17      $ 
(20 )      
(16 )      
(47 )      
210        
-        

   $ 

(3,478 )    $ 
-        

-      $ 
1        

11   
88   
19   
55   
194   
-   

-   
1   

For the years ended December 31 

2019      

2018   

2017   

Interest Paid 
Income Taxes (Recovered), net of Amounts Paid 

   $ 
   $ 

415      $ 
(22 )    $ 

367      $ 
(246 )    $ 

370   
(77 ) 

132 

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27.  Commitments and Contingencies 

COMMITMENTS 

The following table outlines the Company’s commitments as at December 31, 2019:  

(undiscounted) 

2020     

2021     

Expected Future Payments 
2022     

2023     

2024     Thereafter     

Transportation and Processing 
Drilling and Field Services 
Building Leases 
Total 

  $ 

  $ 

734     $ 
90       
14       
838     $ 

679     $ 
6       
15       
700     $ 

642     $ 
-       
11       
653     $ 

528     $ 
-       
7       
535     $ 

419     $ 
-       
7       
426     $ 

2,163     $ 
-       
8       
2,171     $ 

Total   

5,165   
96   
62   
5,323   

Associated with the adoption of Topic 842, all operating leases were recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. 
Accordingly, operating leases with terms greater than one year are not included in the commitments table above. The 
table above includes short-term leases with contract terms less than 12 months, such as drilling rigs and field office 
leases,  as  well  as  non-lease  operating  cost  components  associated  with  building  leases.  See  Notes  1  and  14  for 
additional disclosures on leases. 

Included within transportation and processing in the table above are certain commitments associated with midstream 
service  agreements with VMLP as described in Note  20. Divestiture transactions can reduce certain commitments 
disclosed above. 

CONTINGENCIES 

The Company is involved in various legal claims and actions arising in the normal course of the Company’s operations. 
Although the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not expect these matters 
to  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  financial  position,  cash  flows  or  results  of  operations. 
Management’s assessment of these matters may change in the future as certain of these matters are in early stages or 
are subject to a number of uncertainties. For material matters that the Company believes an unfavorable outcome is 
reasonably possible, the Company discloses the nature and a range of potential exposures. If an unfavorable outcome 
were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material impact on the Company’s consolidated net earnings or loss for 
the period in which the effect becomes reasonably estimable. The Company accrues for such items when a liability is 
both probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are based on the Company’s information 
known about the matters, estimates of the outcomes of such matters and experience in handling similar matters. 

In conjunction with the acquisition of Newfield as described in Note 8, various legal claims and actions arising in the 
normal course of Newfield’s operations were assumed by the Company. On March 29, 2019, Newfield and its wholly-
owned subsidiary entered into an Agreement and Mutual Release with Sapura Energy Berhad, formerly known as 
SapuraKencana Petroleum Berhad, and Sapura Exploration and Production Inc., formerly known as SapuraKencana 
Energy  Inc.  (collectively,  “Sapura”)  to  settle  arbitration  claims  arising  from  Sapura’s  purchase  of  Newfield’s 
Malaysian business in February 2014. Under the Agreement and Mutual Release, Newfield and its wholly-owned 
subsidiary paid Sapura $22.5 million. The settlement amount including legal fees was included in the purchase price 
allocation as part of the current liabilities assumed by the Company at the acquisition date. Although the outcome of 
any remaining legal claims and actions assumed by the Company following the acquisition of Newfield cannot be 
predicted  with  certainty,  the  Company  does  not  expect  these  matters  to  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the 
Company’s financial position, cash flows or results of operations.  

133 

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28.  Subsequent Events 

On  January  24,  2020  the  Company  completed  the  previously  announced  Reorganization  as  described  in  Note  1. 
Subsequently, Ovintiv Inc. and its subsidiaries continue to carry on the business previously conducted by Encana and 
its subsidiaries prior to the completion of the Reorganization. Refer to Notes 5, 15 and 18 for certain transactions and 
impacts associated with the Reorganization. 

29.  Supplementary Oil and Gas Information (unaudited) 

The unaudited supplementary information on oil and gas exploration and production activities for 2019, 2018 and 
2017 has been presented in accordance with the FASB’s ASC Topic 932, “Extractive Activities - Oil and Gas” and 
the SEC’s final rule, “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting”. Disclosures by geographic area include the United 
States and Canada. 

Proved Oil and Gas Reserves 

The  following  reserves  disclosures  reflect  estimates  of  proved  reserves,  proved  developed  reserves,  and  proved 
undeveloped reserves, net of third-party royalty interests of oil, NGLs and natural gas owned at each year end and 
changes in proved reserves during each of the last three years.  

The  Company’s  estimates  of  proved  reserves  are  made  using  available  geological  and  reservoir  data  as  well  as 
production performance data. These estimates are reviewed annually by internal reservoir engineers and revised, either 
upward or downward, as warranted by additional data. The results of infill drilling are treated as positive revisions 
due to increases to expected recovery. Other revisions are due to changes in, among other things, development plans, 
reservoir  performance,  commodity  prices,  economic  conditions,  and  government  restrictions.  Estimates  of  proved 
reserves  are  inherently  imprecise  and  are  continually  subject  to  revision  based  on  production  history,  results  of 
additional exploration and development, price changes and other factors. 

The following reference prices were utilized in the determination of reserves and future net revenue:  

Reserves Pricing (1) 

2019 
2018 
2017 

Oil & NGLs 

Natural Gas 

WTI 
($/bbl)     

Edmonton 
Condensate 

(C$/bbl)     

Henry Hub 
($/MMBtu)     

AECO 
(C$/MMBtu)   

55.93        
65.56        
51.34        

68.80        
79.59        
67.65        

2.58        
3.10        
2.98        

1.76   
1.49   
2.32   

(1)  All prices were held constant in all future years when estimating net revenues and reserves. 

134 

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PROVED RESERVES (1)  
(12-MONTH AVERAGE TRAILING PRICES) 

Oil 
(MMbbls) 

NGLs 
(MMbbls) 

Natural Gas 
(Bcf) 

Total 
(MMBOE)   

United 
States     Canada      Total     

United 
States     Canada      Total     

United 
States     Canada      Total       

2017 
Beginning of year 

Revisions and improved recovery (2)    
Extensions and discoveries 
Purchase of reserves in place 
Sale of reserves in place 
Production 

End of year 
Developed 
Undeveloped 
Total 
2018 
Beginning of year 

End of year 
Developed 
Undeveloped 
Total 
2019 
Beginning of year 

End of year 
Developed 
Undeveloped 
Total 

Revisions and improved recovery (2)    
Extensions and discoveries 
Purchase of reserves in place 
Sale of reserves in place 
Production 

Revisions and improved recovery (2)    
Extensions and discoveries 
Purchase of reserves in place 
Sale of reserves in place 
Production 

   155.6       
(16.0 )     
84.9       
0.8       
(5.4 )     
(27.7 )     
   192.3       
   104.7       
87.7       
   192.3       

   192.3       
19.5       
   162.4       
21.3       
(11.4 )     
(32.7 )     
   351.5       
   150.6       
   200.9       
   351.5       

   351.5       
(56.4 )     
   230.2       
   262.0       
(5.1 )     
(59.8 )     
   722.4       
   291.0       
   431.4       
   722.4       

-        155.6       
(15.8 )     
0.2       
85.1       
0.2       
0.8       
-       
(5.4 )     
-       
(0.2 )     
(27.8 )     
0.2        192.5       
0.2        104.9       
87.7       
0.2        192.5       

-       

94.0        150.4        1,093        1,810        2,902       
56.4       
(31 )     
(18.1 )     
(58 )     
(27 )     
(14.6 )     
(3.6 )     
727       
72.9       
871       
144       
46.4       
26.5       
-       
0.4       
2       
2       
-       
0.4       
(795 )     
(65 )     
(729 )     
(3.8 )     
(0.2 )     
(3.6 )     
(97 )     
(8.7 )     
(403 )     
(306 )     
(19.3 )     
(10.6 )     
384        2,135        2,519       
67.5        115.0        182.5       
243        1,082        1,325       
40.5       
41.6       
82.1       
141        1,053        1,195       
25.8       
74.5        100.3       
384        2,135        2,519       
67.5        115.0        182.5       

789.7   
(43.6 ) 
303.1   
1.5   
(141.6 ) 
(114.3 ) 
794.9   
407.8   
387.1   
794.9   

67.5        115.0        182.5       
0.2        192.5       
(17.4 )     
14.2       
(3.2 )     
19.7       
0.2       
78.9        127.4       
48.6       
-        162.4       
7.7       
7.7       
21.3       
-       
(5.1 )     
(5.1 )     
(11.4 )     
-       
(28.5 )     
(10.6 )     
(32.8 )     
(0.1 )     
0.2        351.8        122.3        158.5        280.8       
60.8        120.2       
59.4       
0.2        150.9       
97.8        160.6       
62.8       
-        200.9       
0.2        351.8        122.3        158.5        280.8       

-       
-       
(18.0 )     

-       
-       
(368 )     

794.9   
384        2,135        2,519       
64.1   
249       
37       
285       
476.2   
885        1,118       
233       
35.5   
39       
39       
(23.1 ) 
(40 )     
(40 )     
(131.9 ) 
(423 )     
(55 )     
598        2,901        3,499        1,215.7   
604.7   
295        1,707        2,002       
302        1,195        1,497       
611.0   
598        2,901        3,499        1,215.7   

598        2,901        3,499        1,215.7   
0.2        351.8        122.3        158.5        280.8       
(158.7 ) 
(31 )     
(20.2 )     
3.1       
0.8       
(17.1 )     
(55.6 )     
605.3   
521       
62.4        158.4       
96.0       
0.4        230.6       
796.6   
-        217.2        1,904       
-        262.0        217.2       
(64.1 ) 
(351 )     
-       
(0.5 )     
(0.5 )     
-       
(206.2 ) 
(200 )     
(21.6 )     
(50.2 )     
(28.6 )     
(0.2 )     
1.3        723.7        409.4        179.1        588.5        2,441        2,818        5,259        2,188.8   
1.2        292.2        211.3       
68.4        279.8        1,375        1,439        2,815        1,041.1   
0.1        431.5        198.1        110.7        308.8        1,066        1,378        2,444        1,147.7   
1.3        723.7        409.4        179.1        588.5        2,441        2,818        5,259        2,188.8   

(484 )     
(515 )     
777        1,298       
-        1,904       
(351 )     
-       
(576 )     
(376 )     

(5.1 )     
(60.0 )     

(1)  Numbers may not add due to rounding. 
(2)  Changes in reserve estimates resulting from application of improved recovery techniques are included in revisions of previous estimates. 

Definitions:  
a. 

“Proved” oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with 
reasonable  certainty  to  be  economically  producible  from  a  given  date  forward,  from  known  reservoirs,  and  under  existing  economic 
conditions, operating methods and government regulations.   
“Developed” oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment 
and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well. 
“Undeveloped” oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or 
from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. 

b. 

c. 

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Total Proved reserves increased 973.1 MMBOE including production of 206.2 MMBOE in 2019 due to the following: 

•  Revisions and improved recovery of oil, NGLs and natural gas were negative primarily due to changes in the 
approved development plan of 97.5 MMBOE and lower 12-month average trailing oil and NGL prices of 
118.4  MMBOE,  partially  offset  by  positive  performance  revisions  of  57.3  MMBOE  resulting  from  well 
performance and development strategy. 

•  Extensions and discoveries of oil, NGLs and natural gas increased proved reserves by 605.3 MMBOE due to 
the extension of proved acreage primarily from successful drilling and delineation in the Permian, Anadarko, 
Montney, Eagle Ford, Bakken and Duvernay assets. 

•  Purchases of 796.6 MMBOE were primarily in the acquisition of Newfield Exploration. 

•  Sale  of  reserves  in  place  decreased  proved  developed  reserves  by  64.1  MMBOE  primarily  due  to  the 

divestiture of the Arkoma asset located in Oklahoma. 

 Total Proved reserves increased 420.8 MMBOE including production of 131.9 MMBOE in 2018 due to the following: 

•  Revisions and improved recovery of oil, NGLs and natural gas were 64.1 MMBOE primarily due to positive 
forecast changes of 133.7 MMBOE and higher 12-month average trailing oil and NGL prices of 9.4 MMBOE, 
partially  offset  by  proved  reserves  removed  due  to  changes  in  the  approved  development  plan  of 
79.0 MMBOE. 

•  Extensions and discoveries of oil, NGLs and natural gas increased proved reserves by 476.2 MMBOE due to 
the extension of proved acreage primarily from successful drilling and delineation in the Permian, Montney, 
Eagle Ford and Duvernay assets. 

•  Purchases of 35.5 MMBOE were primarily in the Permian asset. 

•  Sale  of  reserves  in  place  decreased  proved  developed  reserves  by  23.1  MMBOE  primarily  due  to  the 

divestiture of the San Juan assets located in northwestern New Mexico. 

Total Proved reserves increased 5.2 MMBOE including production of 114.3 MMBOE in 2017 due to the following: 

•  Revisions  and  improved  recovery  of  oil,  NGLs  and  natural  gas  were  negative  primarily  due  to  negative 
revisions of 83.3 MMBOE resulting from changes in the approved development plan, which was partially 
offset by positive revisions of 32.6 MMBOE due to higher 12-month average trailing oil, NGL and natural 
gas prices. 

•  Extensions and discoveries of oil, NGLs and natural gas increased proved reserves by 303.1 MMBOE due to 
the extension of proved acreage primarily from successful drilling in the Permian, Montney and Eagle Ford 
assets. 

•  Sale  of  reserves  in  place  decreased  proved  developed  reserves  by  141.6  MMBOE  primarily  due  to  the 

divestiture of the Piceance assets located in northwestern Colorado. 

136 

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STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE NET CASH FLOWS RELATING TO PROVED OIL AND 
GAS RESERVES 

In calculating the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, constant price and cost assumptions were 
applied  to  the  Company’s  annual  future  production from proved  reserves  to  determine cash  inflows.  Estimates  of 
future net cash flows from proved reserves are computed based on the average beginning-of-the-month prices during 
the 12-month period for the year. Future production and development costs include estimates for abandonment and 
dismantlement costs associated with asset retirement obligations and assume the continuation of existing economic, 
operating  and  regulatory  conditions.  Future  income  taxes  are  calculated  by  applying  statutory  income  tax  rates  to 
future pre-tax cash flows after provision for the tax cost of the oil and natural gas properties based upon existing laws 
and regulations. The effect of tax credits is also considered in determining the income tax expense. The discount was 
computed by application of a 10 percent discount factor to the future net cash flows.  

The  Company  cautions  that  the  discounted  future  net  cash  flows  relating  to  proved  oil  and  gas  reserves  are  an 
indication of neither  the  fair market  value  of  the  Company’s  oil  and gas  properties,  nor  the  future  net  cash  flows 
expected to be generated from such properties. The discounted future net  cash flows do not include the fair market 
value of exploratory properties and probable or possible oil and gas reserves, nor is consideration given to the effect 
of anticipated future changes in oil and natural gas prices, development, asset retirement and production costs, and 
possible  changes  to  tax  and royalty  regulations.  The prescribed  discount rate  of 10 percent  may  not  appropriately 
reflect future interest rates.  

Future Cash Inflows 
Less Future: 

Production costs 
Development costs 
Income taxes 
Future Net Cash Flows 

Less 10% annual discount for estimated 
   timing of cash flows 

Discounted Future Net Cash Flows 

Future Cash Inflows 
Less Future: 

Production costs 
Development costs 
Income taxes 
Future Net Cash Flows 

Less 10% annual discount for estimated 
   timing of cash flows 

Discounted Future Net Cash Flows 

United States 
2018     

2019     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

Canada 

  $ 

46,076     $ 

26,305     $ 

11,459     $ 

10,404     $ 

12,463     $ 

7,850   

13,064       
10,795       
2,262       
19,955       

6,399       
4,751       
1,673       
13,482       

3,661       
3,042       
-       
4,756       

4,791       
3,024       
-       
2,589       

5,231       
2,641       
586       
4,005       

3,516   
2,058   
76   
2,200   

9,914       
10,041     $ 

6,532       
6,950     $ 

2,025       
2,731     $ 

1,014       
1,575     $ 

1,351       
2,654     $ 

618   
1,582   

  $ 

Total 

2019     

2018     

2017   

    $ 

56,480     $ 

38,768     $ 

19,309   

17,855       
13,819       
2,262       
22,544       

11,630       
7,392       
2,259       
17,487       

7,177   
5,100   
76   
6,956   

10,928       
11,616     $ 

7,883       
9,604     $ 

2,643   
4,313   

    $ 

137 

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CHANGES IN STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE NET CASH FLOWS RELATING TO 
PROVED OIL AND GAS RESERVES  

Balance, Beginning of Year 
Changes Resulting From: 

Sales of oil and gas produced during the year 
Discoveries and extensions, net of related costs 
Purchases of proved reserves in place 
Sales and transfers of proved reserves in place 
Net change in prices and production costs 
Revisions to quantity estimates 
Accretion of discount 
Development costs incurred during the year 
Changes in estimated future development costs 
Other 
Net change in income taxes 

Balance, End of Year 

  $ 

Balance, Beginning of Year 
Changes Resulting From: 

Sales of oil and gas produced during the year 
Discoveries and extensions, net of related costs 
Purchases of proved reserves in place 
Sales and transfers of proved reserves in place 
Net change in prices and production costs 
Revisions to quantity estimates 
Accretion of discount 
Development costs incurred during the year 
Changes in estimated future development costs 
Other 
Net change in income taxes 

United States 
2018     

2019     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

Canada 

  $ 

6,950     $ 

2,731     $ 

1,236     $ 

2,654     $ 

1,582     $ 

439   

(3,051 )     
2,893       
5,581       
(931 )     
(2,471 )     
(850 )     
749       
2,115       
(885 )     
-       
(59 )     
10,041     $ 

(1,753 )     
3,300       
468       
(202 )     
1,642       
526       
273       
1,315       
(824 )     
16       
(542 )     
6,950     $ 

(1,291 )     
1,141       
13       
(413 )     
2,183       
(203 )     
124       
1,366       
(1,433 )     
8       
-       
2,731     $ 

(865 )     
544       
-       
-       
(1,008 )     
(550 )     
297       
545       
(364 )     
1       
321       
1,575     $ 

(859 )     
1,130       
-       
-       
407       
121       
164       
665       
(303 )     
15       
(268 )     
2,654     $ 

(471 ) 
582   
-   
(12 ) 
893   
(22 ) 
44   
454   
(279 ) 
7   
(53 ) 
1,582   

Total 

2019     

2018     

2017   

    $ 

9,604     $ 

4,313     $ 

1,675   

(3,916 )     
3,437       
5,581       
(931 )     
(3,479 )     
(1,400 )     
1,046       
2,660       
(1,249 )     
1       
262       
11,616     $ 

(2,612 )     
4,430       
468       
(202 )     
2,049       
647       
437       
1,980       
(1,127 )     
31       
(810 )     
9,604     $ 

(1,762 ) 
1,723   
13   
(425 ) 
3,076   
(225 ) 
168   
1,820   
(1,712 ) 
15   
(53 ) 
4,313   

Balance, End of Year 

  $ 

138 

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS  

The following table sets forth revenue and direct cost information relating to the Company’s oil and gas exploration 
and production activities. 

Oil, NGL and Natural Gas Revenues, Net of 
   Transportation and Processing 
Less: 

Operating costs, production, mineral and other taxes, 
   and accretion of asset retirement obligation 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 

Operating Income (Loss) 
Income Taxes 
Results of Operations 

United States 
2018     

2019     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

Canada 

  $ 

3,855     $ 

2,189     $ 

1,714     $ 

1,006     $ 

993     $ 

613   

819       
1,593       
1,443       
352       
1,091     $ 

445       
860       
884       
191       
693     $ 

438       
530       
746       
161       
585     $ 

162       
383       
461       
111       
350     $ 

157       
361       
475       
128       
347     $ 

164   
236   
213   
58   
155   

  $ 

China (1) 

Total 

2019     

2018     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

Oil, NGL and Natural Gas Revenues, Net of 
   Transportation and Processing 
Less: 

Operating costs, production, mineral and other taxes, 
   and accretion of asset retirement obligation 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 

Operating Income (Loss) 
Income Taxes 
Results of Operations 

  $ 

37     $ 

-     $ 

-     $ 

4,898     $ 

3,182     $ 

2,327   

17       
-       
20       
4       
16     $ 

-       
-       
-       
-       
-     $ 

-       
-       
-       
-       
-     $ 

998       
1,976       
1,924       
467       
1,457     $ 

602       
1,221       
1,359       
319       
1,040     $ 

602   
766   
959   
219   
740   

  $ 

(1)  The Company terminated its production sharing contract with CNOOC and exited its China Operations effective July 31, 2019. 

CAPITALIZED COSTS 

Capitalized costs include the cost of properties, equipment and facilities for oil and natural gas producing activities. 
Capitalized costs for proved properties include costs for oil and natural gas leaseholds where proved reserves have 
been identified, development wells and related equipment and facilities, including development wells in progress. 
Capitalized costs for unproved properties include costs for acquiring oil and gas leaseholds where no proved reserves 
have been identified. 

Proved Oil and Gas Properties 
Unproved Oil and Gas Properties 
Total Capital Cost 
Accumulated DD&A 
Net Capitalized Costs 

Proved Oil and Gas Properties 
Unproved Oil and Gas Properties 
Total Capital Cost 
Accumulated DD&A 
Net Capitalized Costs 

United States 
2018     

2019     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

Canada 

  $ 

  $ 

35,870     $ 
3,491       
39,361       
25,623       
13,738     $ 

27,189     $ 
3,493       
30,682       
24,099       
6,583     $ 

25,610     $ 
4,169       
29,779       
23,240       
6,539     $ 

15,284     $ 
223       
15,507       
14,320       
1,187     $ 

13,996     $ 
237       
14,233       
13,261       
972     $ 

14,555   
311   
14,866   
14,047   
819   

Other 

Total 

2019     

2018     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

  $ 

  $ 

56     $ 
-       
56       
56       
-     $ 

56     $ 
-       
56       
56       
-     $ 

63     $ 
-       
63       
63       
-     $ 

51,210     $ 
3,714       
54,924       
39,999       
14,925     $ 

41,241     $ 
3,730       
44,971       
37,416       
7,555     $ 

40,228   
4,480   
44,708   
37,350   
7,358   

139 

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COSTS INCURRED 

Costs incurred includes both capitalized costs and costs charged to expense when incurred. Costs incurred also includes 
internal  costs  directly  related  to  acquisition,  exploration,  and  development  activities,  new  asset  retirement  costs 
established in the current year as well as increases or decreases to the asset retirement obligations resulting from changes 
to cost estimates during the year. 

Acquisition Costs 
Unproved 
Proved 

Total Acquisition Costs 
Exploration Costs 
Development Costs 
Total Costs Incurred 

Acquisition Costs 
Unproved 
Proved 

Total Acquisition Costs 
Exploration Costs 
Development Costs 
Total Costs Incurred 

United States 
2018     

2019     

2017     

2019     

2018     

2017   

Canada 

  $ 

  $ 

5     $ 
60       
65       
5       
2,129       
2,199     $ 

-     $ 
-       
-       
2       
1,330       
1,332     $ 

21     $ 
2       
23       
4       
1,354       
1,381     $ 

-     $ 
-       
-       
-       
480       
480     $ 

17     $ 
-       
17       
1       
631       
649     $ 

31   
-   
31   
1   
425   
457   

Total 

2019     

2018     

2017   

    $ 

    $ 

5     $ 
60       
65       
5       
2,609       
2,679     $ 

17     $ 
-       
17       
3       
1,961       
1,981     $ 

52   
2   
54   
5   
1,779   
1,838   

COSTS NOT SUBJECT TO DEPLETION OR AMORTIZATION 

Upstream costs in respect of significant unproved properties are excluded from the country cost center’s depletable base as 
follows: 

As at December 31 

United States 
Canada 

2019     

3,491      $ 
223        
3,714      $ 

   $ 

   $ 

The following is a summary of the costs related to unproved properties as at December 31, 2019: 

Acquisition Costs 
Exploration Costs 

2019     

2018     

2017     

Prior to 

2017     

   $ 

   $ 

948      $ 
3        
951      $ 

223      $ 
18        
241      $ 

240      $ 
2        
242      $ 

2,162      $ 
118        
2,280      $ 

2018   

3,493   
237   
3,730   

Total   

3,573   
141   
3,714   

Acquisition costs primarily include costs incurred to acquire or lease properties. Exploration costs primarily include 
costs related to geological and geophysical studies and costs of drilling and equipping exploratory wells. Ultimate 
recoverability of these costs and the timing of inclusion within the applicable country cost center’s depletable base is 
dependent upon either the finding of proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves, expiration of leases or recognition of 
impairments.  

140 

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Included in the $3.7 billion of oil and gas properties not subject to depletion or amortization are acquired leasehold 
and mineral costs of approximately $3.5 billion related to the acquisition of Permian, Anadarko, Bakken and Uinta. 
These acquisition costs are associated with acquired acreage for which proved reserves have yet to be assigned from 
future development. The Company continually assesses the development timeline of the acquired acreage. The timing 
and amount of the transfer of property acquisition costs into the depletable base are based on several factors and may 
be subject to changes over time from drilling plans, drilling results, availability of capital, project economics and other 
assessments of the property. The inclusion of these acquisition costs in the depletable base is expected to occur within 
three to eight years. The remaining costs excluded from depletion are related to properties which are not individually 
significant. 

30.  Supplemental Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) 

The following summarizes quarterly financial data for the fiscal years of 2019 and 2018:  

(US$ millions, except per share amounts) 

Revenues 
Operating Income (Loss) 

Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax 
Income Tax Expense (Recovery) 
Net Earnings (Loss) 

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share - Basic & Diluted (1) 

(US$ millions, except per share amounts) 

Revenues 
Operating Income (Loss) 

Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax 
Income Tax Expense (Recovery) 
Net Earnings (Loss) 

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share - Basic & Diluted (1) 

Q4   

2019 

Q3   

Q2   

Q1   

1,565      $ 
(28 )      

1,871      $ 
315        

2,055      $ 
538        

(68 )    $ 
(62 )      
(6 )    $ 

192      $ 
43        
149      $ 

497      $ 
161        
336      $ 

1,235   
(227 ) 

(306 ) 
(61 ) 
(245 ) 

(0.02 )    $ 

0.56      $ 

1.22      $ 

(1.00 ) 

Q4   

2018 

Q3   

2,381      $ 
1,354        

1,262      $ 
119        

1,179      $ 
149        
1,030      $ 

45      $ 
6        
39      $ 

Q2   

983      $ 
(116 )      

(221 )    $ 
(70 )      
(151 )    $ 

Q1   

1,313   
337   

160   
9   
151   

5.41      $ 

0.20      $ 

(0.79 )    $ 

0.78   

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

(1)  Net earnings (loss) per common share reflects the Share Consolidation as described in Note 1. 

141 

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Item 9: Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 

The financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, included in this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K, have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, 
as stated in their audit report appearing herein. There have been no changes in or disagreements with the accountants 
during the periods presented. 

Item 9A: Controls and Procedures 

EVALUATION AND DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

The  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  performed  an  evaluation  of  the  Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company 
in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time 
periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the 
Company  in  reports  that  it  files  or  submits  under  the  Exchange  Act,  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  the 
Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer,  as appropriate, to 
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial  Officer  have  concluded  that  the  Company’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are  effective  as  of 
December 31, 2019. 

The Company previously limited the scope and design and subsequent evaluation of internal controls over financial 
reporting to exclude the controls, policies and procedures of Newfield, acquired through a business combination on 
February 13, 2019. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company completed the evaluation and integration of the 
controls, policies and procedures of Newfield and no material weaknesses were noted during the integration. There 
have been no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2019 that 
have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting. 

MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 

See “Management’s Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” under Item 8 of this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K. 

ATTESTATION REPORT OF THE REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

See “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 

There  were  no  changes  in  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  during  the  fourth  quarter  of 
2019 that  materially  affected,  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect,  the  Company’s  internal  control  over 
financial reporting. See “Management’s Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” under Item 8 of 
this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Item 9B. Other Information 

None. 

142 

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PART III 

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

Information regarding the Board of Directors is set forth in the Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2020 annual 
meeting of stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

Information regarding the Company’s executive officers is set forth in the section entitled “Executive Officers of the 
Registrant” under Items 1 and 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

CODE OF ETHICS 

Ovintiv has adopted a code of ethics entitled the “Business Code of Conduct” (the “Code of Ethics”), that applies to 
its  principal  executive  officer,  principal  financial  officer,  principal  accounting  officer  or  controller,  and  persons 
performing similar functions. The Code of Ethics is available for viewing on Ovintiv’s website at www.ovintiv.com, 
and is available in print to any stockholder who requests it. Requests for copies of the Code of Ethics should be made 
by contacting Ovintiv’s Corporate Secretary by mail at Suite 1700, 370 17th Street, Denver, Colorado, 80202, U.S.A. 
or by telephone at (303) 623-2300. Ovintiv intends to disclose and summarize any amendment to, or waiver from, any 
provision of the Code of Ethics that is required to be so disclosed and summarized, on its website at www.ovintiv.com.  

Item 11. Executive Compensation 

The information required by this Item 11 is set forth in the Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2020 annual 
meeting of stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

The executive compensation and related information incorporated by reference herein shall not be deemed “soliciting 
material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing 
under  the  Securities  Act  or  Exchange  Act,  except  to  the  extent  that  the  Company  specifically  incorporates  it  by 
reference into such filing. 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 

The information required by this Item 12 is set forth in the Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2020 annual 
meeting of stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 

The information required by this Item 13 is set forth in the Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2020 annual 
meeting of stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 

The information required by this Item 14 is set forth in the Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2020 annual 
meeting of stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

143 

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PART IV 

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated by reference: 

1. Consolidated Financial Statements 
Reference is made to the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto appearing in Item 8 of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K. 

2. Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules 
All financial statement schedules are omitted as they are inapplicable, or the required information has been included 
in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto. 

3. Exhibits  

Exhibits are listed in the exhibit index below. The exhibits include management contracts, compensatory plans and 
arrangements required to be filed as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K by Item 601(b)(10)(iii) of Regulation 
S-K. 

Exhibit No  Description 
2.1 

3.1 

3.2 

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

4.4 

4.5 

4.6 

4.7 

4.8 

4.9 

4.10 

4.11 

4.12 

4.13 

4.14 

Arrangement and Reorganization Agreement dated October 31, 2019 between Encana Corporation and 1847432 
Alberta ULC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Encana’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 
5, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Ovintiv Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed on January 24, 2020, SEC File No. 333-234526). 
Ovintiv Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 
24, 2020, SEC File No. 333-234526). 
Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed on January 24, 2020, SEC File No. 333-234526). 
3.90% Notes due 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on 
February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
8.125% Notes due 2030 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed 
on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
7.2% Notes due 2031 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on 
February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
7.375% Notes due 2031 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed 
on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
6.50% Notes due 2034 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on 
February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
6.625% Notes due 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed 
on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
6.50% Notes due 2038 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed 
on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
5.15% Notes due 2041 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed 
on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Indenture dated as of August 13, 2007 between Encana Corporation and The Bank of New York (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
Indenture  dated  as  of  November  14,  2011  between  Encana  Corporation  and  The  Bank  of  New  York  Mellon 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 7.1 to Encana’s Registration Statement on Form F-10 filed on May 7, 2012, 
SEC File No. 333-181196). 
Indenture dated as of September 15, 2000 between Encana Corporation (as successor by amalgamation to Alberta 
Energy Company Ltd.) and The Bank of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to Encana’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 1, 2003 to the Indenture dated as of September 15, 2000 between 
Encana Corporation and The Bank of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 to Encana’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 20, 2012 to the Indenture dated as of September 15, 2000 
between Encana Corporation and The Bank of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.16 to Encana’s 
Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 

144 

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4.15 

4.16 

4.17 

4.18 

4.19 

4.20 

4.21 

4.22 

4.23 

4.24 

4.25 

4.26 

4.27 

4.28 

4.29 

4.30 

Indenture  dated  as  of  November  5,  2001  between  Encana  Corporation  (as  successor  by  amalgamation  to 
PanCanadian Petroleum Limited) and The Bank of Nova Scotia Trust Company of New York (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 4.17 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 1, 2002 to the Indenture dated as of November 5, 2001 between 
Encana Corporation (as successor by amalgamation to PanCanadian Petroleum Limited) and The Bank of Nova 
Scotia Trust Company of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.18 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 
10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 1, 2003 to the Indenture dated as of November 5, 2001 between 
Encana  Corporation  and  The  Bank of  Nova Scotia Trust  Company of  New  York  (incorporated by  reference  to 
Exhibit 4.19 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Third  Supplemental  Indenture  dated  as  of  November  20,  2012  to  the  Indenture  dated  as  of  November  5,  2001 
between Encana Corporation and The Bank of Nova Scotia Trust Company of New York (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 4.20 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 24, 2013 to the Indenture dated as of November 5, 2001 between 
Encana  Corporation  and  The  Bank of  Nova Scotia Trust  Company of  New  York  (incorporated by  reference  to 
Exhibit 4.21 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Indenture dated as of October 2, 2003 between Encana Corporation and The Bank of New York (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 4.22 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
Senior Indenture, dated as of February 28, 2001 between Newfield Exploration Company, as Issuer, and First Union 
National Bank, as Trustee (the “Senior Indenture”) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Newfield’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed on February 28, 2001, SEC File No. 001-12534). 
Second  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  September  30,  2011,  to  Senior  Indenture  between  Newfield 
Exploration Company and U.S. Bank National Association (as successor to Wachovia Bank, National Association 
(formerly First Union National Bank)), as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Newfield’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed on September 30, 2011, SEC File No. 001-12534). 
Third  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  June  26,  2012,  to  Senior  Indenture  between  Newfield  Exploration 
Company and U.S. Bank National Association (as successor to Wachovia Bank, National Association (formerly 
First Union National Bank)), as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Newfield’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed on June 26, 2012, SEC File No. 001-12534). 
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 10, 2015, to Senior Indenture between Newfield Exploration 
Company and U.S. Bank National Association (as successor to Wachovia Bank, National Association (formerly 
First Union National Bank)), as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Newfield’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed on March 12, 2015, SEC File No. 001-12534). 
Fifth  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  March  1,  2019,  among  Encana  Corporation,  as  Guarantor,  Newfield 
Exploration Company, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association (as successor to Wachovia Bank, National 
Association (formerly First Union National Bank)), as Trustee, to the Senior Indenture (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 4.5 to Encana’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2019, among Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, 
Encana Corporation, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, dated as of September 15, 
2000, between Encana Corporation (as successor by amalgamation to Alberta Energy Company Ltd.) and The Bank 
of New York Mellon (formerly known as The Bank of New York), as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
4.6 to Encana’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2019, among Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, 
Encana Corporation, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, dated as of October 2, 2003, 
between Encana Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
4.7 to Encana’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2019, among Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, 
Encana Corporation, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, dated as of November  5, 2001, 
between Encana Corporation (as successor by amalgamation to PanCanadian Petroleum Limited) and The Bank of 
New York Mellon, as successor Trustee to The Bank of Nova Scotia Trust Company of New York (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Encana’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2019, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2019, among Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, 
Encana Corporation, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2007, 
between Encana Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
4.9 to Encana’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2019, among Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, 
Encana Corporation, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, dated as of November 14, 
2011, between Encana Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 4.10 to Encana’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 

145 

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4.31 

4.32 

4.33 

4.34 

4.35 

4.36 

4.37 

4.38 

4.39 

4.40 

4.41 

4.42 

 Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 24, 2020, among Ovintiv Inc., as successor issuer, Encana 
Corporation, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated as of September 15, 2000, between Encana Corporation (as successor by amalgamation to Alberta Energy 
Company  Ltd.)  and  The  Bank  of  New  York  Mellon  (formerly  known  as  The  Bank  of  New  York),  as  Trustee 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2020, SEC 
File No. 001-39191). 
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 24, 2020, among Ovintiv Inc., as  successor issuer, Encana 
Corporation, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated  as  of  October  2,  2003,  between  Encana  Corporation  and  The  Bank  of  New  York  Mellon,  as  Trustee 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2020, SEC 
File No. 001-39191). 
Sixth  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  January  24,  2020,  among  Ovintiv  Inc.,  as  successor  issuer,  Encana 
Corporation, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated  as  of  November  5,  2001,  between  Encana  Corporation  (as  successor  by  amalgamation  to  PanCanadian 
Petroleum Limited) and The Bank of New York Mellon, as successor Trustee to The Bank of Nova Scotia Trust 
Company of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on 
January 28, 2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 24, 2020, among Ovintiv Inc., as  successor issuer, Encana 
Corporation, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated  as  of  August  13,  2007,  between  Encana  Corporation  and  The  Bank  of  New  York  Mellon,  as  Trustee 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2020, SEC 
File No. 001-39191). 
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 24, 2020, among Ovintiv Inc., as  successor issuer, Encana 
Corporation, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated  as  of  November  14,  2011,  between  Encana  Corporation  and  The  Bank  of  New  York  Mellon,  as Trustee 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2020, SEC 
File No. 001-39191). 
Sixth  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  January  27,  2020,  among  Ovintiv  Inc.,  as  Guarantor,  Newfield 
Exploration  Company,  as  Issuer,  Ovintiv  Canada  ULC,  as  Guarantor,  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (as 
successor to Wachovia Bank, National Association (formerly First Union National Bank)), as Trustee, to the Senior 
Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 
2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 27, 2020, among Ovintiv Canada ULC, as Guarantor, Ovintiv 
Inc., as Issuer, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated as of September 15, 2000, between Ovintiv Inc. (as successor issuer) and The Bank of New York Mellon 
(formerly known  as  The  Bank  of  New  York),  as Trustee  (incorporated by  reference  to  Exhibit 4.2  to  Ovintiv’s 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 27, 2020, among Ovintiv Canada ULC, as Guarantor, Ovintiv 
Inc., as Issuer, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated as of October 2, 2003, between Ovintiv Inc. (as successor issuer) and The Bank of New York Mellon, as 
Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 
2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 27, 2020, among Ovintiv Canada ULC, as Guarantor, Ovintiv 
Inc., as Issuer, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated as of November 5, 2001, between Ovintiv Inc. (as successor issuer) and The Bank of New York Mellon, as 
successor Trustee to The Bank of Nova Scotia Trust Company of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
4.4 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 27, 2020, among Ovintiv Canada ULC, as Guarantor, Ovintiv 
Inc., as Issuer, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated as of August 13, 2007, between Ovintiv Inc. (as successor issuer) and The Bank of New York Mellon, as 
Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 
2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 27, 2020, among Ovintiv Canada ULC, as Guarantor, Ovintiv 
Inc., as Issuer, Newfield Exploration Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon to the Indenture, 
dated as of November 14, 2011, between Ovintiv Inc. (as successor issuer) and The Bank of New York Mellon, as 
Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 
2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Description of Capital Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
filed on January 24, 2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 

146 

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10.1 

10.2 

10.3 

10.4 

10.5 

10.6 

10.7 

10.8* 

10.9* 

10.10* 

10.11* 

10.12* 

10.13* 

10.14* 

10.15* 

10.16* 

10.17* 

Credit Agreement, dated as of January  27, 2020, between Ovintiv Inc., as Borrower, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 
RBC  Capital  Markets,  Canadian  Imperial  Bank  of  Commerce,  Citibank,  N.A.,  TD  Securities,  as  Joint  Lead 
Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, BMO Capital Markets and The Bank of Nova Scotia, as Joint Lead Arrangers, 
Bank  of  Montreal  and  The  Bank  of  Nova  Scotia,  as  Documentation  Agents,  JPMorgan  Chase  Bank,  N.A.,  as 
Administrative Agent, and the initial lenders and initial issuing banks named therein (the “U.S. Credit Agreement”) 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020, SEC 
File No. 001-39191). 
Guarantee  of  the  U.S.  Credit  Agreement,  made  as  of  January  27,  2020,  by  Newfield  Exploration  Company 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020, SEC 
File No. 001-39191). 
Guarantee of the U.S. Credit Agreement, made as of January 27, 2020, by Ovintiv Canada ULC (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020, SEC File No. 001-
39191). 
Credit  Agreement,  dated  as  of  January  27,  2020,  among  Ovintiv  Canada  ULC,  as  Borrower,  Ovintiv  Inc.,  as 
Guarantor, the financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, and Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020, SEC 
File No. 001-39191). 
Guarantee,  dated  as  of  March  1,  2019, by  Newfield  Exploration Company,  guaranteeing Encana Corporation’s 
obligations under Encana Corporation’s Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July  16, 2015, among Encana 
Corporation, as borrower, the financial and other institutions named therein, as lenders, and Royal Bank of Canada, 
as agent, as amended by the First Amending Agreement dated as of March 28, 2018 (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 4.11 to Encana’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form  of  Commercial  Paper  Dealer  Agreement  between  Ovintiv  Inc.,  as  Issuer,  and  the  Dealer  party  thereto 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020, SEC 
File No. 001-39191). 
Form of Commercial Paper Dealer Agreement among Ovintiv Canada ULC, as Issuer, Ovintiv Inc., as Guarantor, 
and the Dealer party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
filed on January 29, 2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Encana Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan reflective with amendments made as of April 27, 2005, as of 
April 25, 2007, as of April 22, 2008, as of October 22, 2008, as of November 30, 2009, as of July 20, 2010, as of 
February 24, 2015 and as of February 22, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Encana’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form  of  Executive  Stock  Option  Grant  Agreement  for  stock  options  granted  under  the  Encana  Corporation 
Employee Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 
filed on February 26, 2018, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Encana Corporation Employee Stock Appreciation Rights Plan, adopted with effect from February 12, 2008, as 
amended December 9, 2008, November 30, 2009, April 20, 2010, July 20, 2010, February 24, 2015, February 22, 
2016 and February 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 
filed on February 26, 2018, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form of Executive Stock Appreciation Rights Grant Agreement for stock appreciation rights granted under the 
Encana  Corporation  Employee  Stock  Appreciation  Rights  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.9  to 
Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Performance Share Unit Plan for Employees of Encana Corporation amended and restated with effect from January 
1, 2010, and reflective with amendments made as of July 20, 2010, February 24, 2015, February 22, 2016 and 
February 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on 
February 26, 2018, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form of Canadian Executive PSU Grant Agreement for performance share units granted under the Performance 
Share Unit Plan for Employees of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Encana’s 
Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2018, SEC File No. 001-15226).  
Form of U.S. Executive PSU Grant Agreement for performance share units granted under the Performance Share 
Unit Plan for Employees of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Encana’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2018, SEC File No. 001-15226).  
Restricted Share Unit Plan for Employees of Encana Corporation established with effect from February 8, 2011, 
and  reflective  with  amendments  made  as  of  February  24,  2015,  February  22,  2016  and  February  14,  2018 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2018, 
SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form of Canadian Executive RSU Grant Agreement for restricted share units granted under the Restricted Share 
Unit Plan for Employees of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Encana’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form of U.S. Executive RSU Grant Agreement for restricted share units granted under the Restricted Share Unit 
Plan for Employees of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Encana’s Annual Report 
on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 

147 

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10.18* 

10.19* 

10.20* 

10.21* 

10.22* 

10.23* 

10.24* 

10.25* 

10.26* 

10.27* 

10.28* 

10.29* 

10.30* 

10.31* 

10.32* 

10.33* 

10.34* 

10.35* 

10.36* 

10.37* 

10.38* 

Deferred Share Unit Plan for Employees of Encana Corporation adopted with effect from December 18, 2002 and 
reflective  of  amendments  made as  of  October  23,  2007,  October  22, 2008,  and  July 20, 2010  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
Deferred Share Unit Plan for Directors of Encana Corporation adopted with effect from December 18, 2002 and 
reflective  with  amendments  made  as  of  April  26,  2005,  October  22,  2008,  December  8,  2009,  July  20,  2010, 
February  13,  2013,  December  1,  2014  and  February  14,  2018  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.17  to 
Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2018, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Restricted  Share  Unit  Plan  for  Directors  of  Encana  Corporation  effective  February  14,  2018  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.38 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2018, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
Form of Director RSU Grant Agreement for restricted share units granted under the Restricted Share Unit Plan for 
Directors of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 
10-K filed on February 26, 2018, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Omnibus  Incentive  Plan  of  Encana  Corporation  adopted  with  effect  from  February  13,  2019  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.44 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2019, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
Form of Stock Option Grant Agreement for stock options granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan  of Encana 
Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 
28, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form of RSU Grant Agreement for restricted share units granted to employees under the Omnibus Incentive Plan 
of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed 
on February 28, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form of Director RSU Grant Agreement for restricted share units granted to directors under the Omnibus Incentive 
Plan of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 
filed on February 28, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form of PSU Grant Agreement for performance share units granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan of Encana 
Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 
28, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Form  of  Stock  Appreciation  Rights  Grant  Agreement  for  stock  appreciation  rights  granted  under  the  Omnibus 
Incentive Plan of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to Encana’s Annual Report on 
Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Encana  Corporation  Canadian  Pension  Plan  Amended  and  Restated  as  of  January  1,  2011  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.26 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
Amendment No. 1 to the Encana Corporation Canadian Pension Plan amended and restated as of January 1, 2011, 
dated as of May 29, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 
filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Amendment No. 2 to the Encana Corporation Canadian Pension Plan amended and restated as of January 1, 2011, 
dated as of November 24, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 
10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Amendment No. 3 to the Encana Corporation Canadian Pension Plan amended and restated as of January 1, 2011, 
dated as of November 30, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 
10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Encana  Corporation  Canadian  Supplemental  Pension  Plan  amended  and  restated  effective  April  1,  2015 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, 
SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Encana Corporation Canadian Investment Plan effective September 1, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.31 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Encana  (USA)  Retirement  Plan  amended  and  restated  effective  March  14,  2014  (incorporated  by  reference  to 
Exhibit 10.32 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Amendment No. 1 to Encana (USA) Retirement Plan amended and restated effective March 14, 2014, dated May 
1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 
27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Amendment No. 2 to Encana (USA) Retirement Plan amended and restated effective March 14, 2014, dated August 
7, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 
27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Amendment  No.  3  to  Encana  (USA)  Retirement  Plan  amended  and  restated  effective  March  14,  2014,  dated 
December 28, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on 
February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Alenco  Inc.  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  amended  and  restated  effective  January  1,  2009  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.36 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 

148 

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10.39* 

10.40* 

10.41* 

10.42* 

10.43* 

10.44* 

10.45* 

10.46* 
10.47* 
10.48* 
10.49* 
10.50* 
10.51* 
10.52* 
10.53* 
10.54* 
10.55* 

10.56* 

10.57* 

10.58* 

10.59* 

10.60* 

10.61* 

10.62* 

10.63* 

10.64* 

14.1 
21.1 
23.1 
23.2 
23.3 
24.1 

Amendment No. 1 to Alenco Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan amended and restated effective January 1, 2009, 
effective January 1, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to Encana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 
filed on February 27, 2017, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Fourth Amendment to the Encana (USA) Retirement Plan amended and restated effective March 14, 2014, dated 
May 17,  2018  (incorporated by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  Encana’s  Quarterly  Report on  Form 10-Q  filed  on 
August 2, 2018, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Encana  (USA)  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  amended  and  restated  effective  April  1,  2018  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Encana’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2018, SEC File No. 001-
15226). 
Retirement  arrangements  between  Encana  Corporation  and  Sherri  A.  Brillon  executed  March  22,  2019 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Encana’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 2, 2019, SEC 
File No. 001-15226). 
Fifth Amendment to the Encana (USA) Retirement Plan amended and restated effective March 14, 2014, dated 
October 8, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Encana’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on 
November 4, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Sixth Amendment to the Encana (USA) Retirement Plan amended and restated effective March 14, 2014, dated 
August 8, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Encana’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on 
November 4, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Amendment No. 4 to the Encana Corporation Canadian Pension Plan amended and restated as of January 1, 2011, 
dated September 13, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Encana’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
filed on November 4, 2019, SEC File No. 001-15226). 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and Douglas J. Suttles effective January 24, 2020. 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and Joanne L. Alexander effective January 24, 2020. 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and Corey D. Code effective January 24, 2020. 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and Gregory D. Givens effective January 24, 2020. 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and David G. Hill effective January 24, 2020. 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and Michael G. McAllister effective January 24, 2020. 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and Brendan M. McCracken effective January 24, 2020. 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and Michael Williams effective January 24, 2020. 
Change in Control Agreement between Ovintiv Inc. and Renee E. Zemljak effective January 24, 2020. 
Form of Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement effective as of January 24, 2020 between Ovintiv Inc. 
and each of its directors and officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Ovintiv’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed on January 24, 2020, SEC File No. 001-39191). 
Amending Agreement to Omnibus Incentive Plan of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.9 
to Ovintiv’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 filed on January 27, 2020, SEC File No. 333-231248). 
Amending Agreement to Encana Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
99.10 to Ovintiv’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 filed on January 27, 2020, SEC File No. 333-231248). 
Amending Agreement to Encana Corporation Employee Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (incorporated by reference 
to  Exhibit  99.11  to  Ovintiv’s  Post-Effective  Amendment  No.  1  filed  on  January  27,  2020,  SEC  File  No.  333-
231248). 
Amending  Agreement  to  Performance  Share  Unit  Plan  for  Employees  of  Encana  Corporation  (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 99.12 to Ovintiv’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 filed on January 27, 2020, SEC File No. 
333-231248). 
Amending  Agreement  to  Restricted  Share  Unit  Plan  for  Employees  of  Encana  Corporation  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 99.13 to Ovintiv’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 filed on January 27, 2020, SEC File No. 
333-231248). 
Amending  Agreement  to  Deferred  Share  Unit  Plan  for  Employees  of  Encana  Corporation  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 99.14 to Ovintiv’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 filed on January 27, 2020, SEC File No. 
333-231248). 
Amending Agreement to Restricted Share Unit Plan for Directors of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference 
to  Exhibit  99.15  to  Ovintiv’s  Post-Effective  Amendment  No.  1  filed  on  January  27,  2020,  SEC  File  No.  333-
231248). 
Amending Agreement to Deferred Share Unit Plan for Directors of Encana Corporation (incorporated by reference 
to  Exhibit  99.16  to  Ovintiv’s  Post-Effective  Amendment  No.  1  filed  on  January  27,  2020,  SEC  File  No.  333-
231248). 
Amendment No. 5 to the Encana Corporation Canadian Pension Plan amended and restated as of January 1, 2011, 
dated as of January 24, 2020. 
Business Code of Conduct effective January 24, 2020. 
Significant Subsidiaries 
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. 
Consent of McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd. 
Consent of Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. 
Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this report). 

149 

149

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31.1 

31.2 

32.1 
32.2 
99.1 
99.2 
101.INS 

101.SCH 
101.CAL 
101.LAB 
101.DEF 
101.PRE 
  104 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934. 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934. 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. 
Report of McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd. 
Report of Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. 
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its 
XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document. 
Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document. 
Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document. 
Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document. 
Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document. 
The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, has been 
formatted in Inline XBRL. 

* Management contract or compensatory arrangement. 

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary 

None.  

150 

150

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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized. 

SIGNATURES 

Dated: February 21, 2020 

OVINTIV INC. 

  By:  /s/ Corey D. Code 
           Name: Corey D. Code 
        Title: Executive Vice-President & Chief 

Financial Officer 

151 

151

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SIGNATURES WITH RESPECT TO OVINTIV INC. 

POWERS OF ATTORNEY 

Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Douglas J. Suttles and Corey D. Code, and each of 
them, any of whom may act without the joinder of the other, the true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent of the undersigned, with 
full power of substitution and resubstitution, for and in the name, place and stead of the undersigned, in any and all capacities, to 
sign any and all amendments, including any post-effective amendments, and supplements to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, 
and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Commission, and hereby 
grants to such attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and 
necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as the undersigned might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and 
confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue 
hereof. 

This Power of Attorney may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but which taken 
together shall constitute one instrument.  

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been 
signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.  

Signature 

Capacity 

Date 

/s/ Clayton H. Woitas 
Clayton H. Woitas 

Chairman of the Board 
of Directors 

/s/ Douglas J. Suttles 
Douglas J. Suttles 

Chief Executive Officer and Director 
(Principal Executive Officer) 

February 21, 2020 

February 21, 2020 

February 21, 2020 

/s/ Corey D. Code 
Corey D. Code 

/s/ Peter A. Dea 
Peter A. Dea 

/s/ Fred J. Fowler  
Fred J. Fowler 

/s/ Howard J. Mayson 
Howard J. Mayson 

/s/ Lee A. McIntire 
Lee A. McIntire 

Executive Vice-President 
& Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial 
Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

/s/ Margaret A. McKenzie  
Margaret A. McKenzie 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

/s/ Steven W. Nance 
Steven W. Nance 

/s/ Suzanne P. Nimocks 
Suzanne P. Nimocks 

/s/ Thomas G. Ricks 
Thomas G. Ricks  

/s/ Brian G. Shaw  
Brian G. Shaw 

/s/ Bruce G. Waterman 
Bruce G. Waterman 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

Corporate Director 

February 21, 2020 

152 

152

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Executive Leadership Team  
and Board of Directors

EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP TEAM

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Doug Suttles
Chief Executive Officer

Michael McAllister
President

Joanne Alexander
Executive Vice President, General Counsel  

& Corporate Secretary

Clayton Woitas 
Chairman 

Calgary, Alberta

Peter Dea
Denver, Colorado

Fred Fowler
Houston, Texas

Corey Code
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

Howard Mayson
Breckenridge, Colorado

Gregory Givens
Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer

Lee McIntire
Denver, Colorado

David Hill
Executive Vice President, Land & Exploration 

Margaret McKenzie
Calgary, Alberta

Brendan McCracken
Executive Vice President, Corporate Development  

Steven Nance
Houston, Texas

& External Relations 

Mike Williams
Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Renee Zemljak
Executive Vice President, Midstream,  

Marketing & Fundamentals

Suzanne Nimocks
Houston, Texas

Thomas Ricks
Austin, Texas

Brian Shaw
Toronto, Ontario

Doug Suttles
Denver, Colorado

Bruce Waterman
Calgary, Alberta

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153

Corporate and  
Investor Information 

AUDITOR

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Chartered Professional Accountants 

Calgary, Alberta

OVINTIV WEBSITE

www.ovintiv.com

The Ovintiv website contains a variety of 

corporate and investor information, including, 

among other information, the following:

INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED  
RESERVES AUDITORS

Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc.
Dallas, Texas

McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd.
Calgary, Alberta

•  Current stock prices

•  Annual and Interim reports

•  Proxy Statement

•  News releases

•  Investor presentations

•  Dividend information

•  Stockholder support information

•  Sustainability information

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
Ovintiv’s Annual Report on Form 10-K is filed 

with the securities regulators in the United 

States and Canada.  

Additional information, including copies of the 

Ovinitv Year-End 2019 Annual Report, may be 

obtained from Ovintiv Inc.

INVESTOR CONTACT
Phone: 281.210.5110 | 403.645.2252

Email: investor.relations@ovintiv.com

MEDIA CONTACT
Phone: 281.210.5253

Email: media.relations@ovintiv.com

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154

We Are Ovintiv TM

Our name reflects who we are and  

where we are going. 

Ovintiv stands for a commitment to deliver 

unmatched value through continuous 

innovation.  

Our logo symbolizes the human connection 

made possible by the safe, reliable and 

affordable energy we produce. 

We have transformed our Company.  

Sustainable business model.

Innovative and technology-driven.

Agile and adaptive.

Socially responsible.

Capital discipline. 

Culture of excellence. 

Making modern life possible for all.  

We are proud of what we do. From the 

clothes we wear to the technologies we 

use, our lives today would not be possible 

without the oil and natural gas we work 

so hard to produce. We will continue to 

pioneer innovative ways to improve our 

operational, financial and environmental 

efficiencies—making energy safer, reliable 

and affordable for all. 

ABBREVIATIONS

bbls  

barrels

bbls/d  

barrels per day

BOE  

barrels of oil equivalent

BOE/d  

barrels of oil equivalent per day

Bcf  

billion cubic feet

Bcf/d  

billion cubic feet per day

Mbbls  

thousand barrels

Mbbls/d  

thousand barrels per day

MBOE  

thousand barrels of oil equivalent

MBOE/d  

thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day

MMbbls   million barrels

MMbbls/d   million barrels per day

Mcf  

thousand cubic feet

Mcf/d  

thousand cubic feet per day

MM  

million

MMBOE   million barrels of oil equivalent

MMBOE/d   million barrels of oil equivalent per day

MMBtu   million British thermal units

MMcf  

million cubic feet

MMcf/d   million cubic feet per day

NGLs  

natural gas liquids

/d  

per day

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2019 
Annual 
Report

PROFILE
Ovintiv Inc. is a leading North American 

TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRAR
For information regarding change of address 

exploration and production (E&P) company 

or other matters concerning your shares, 

focused on developing its high-quality, 

please contact our transfer agents at:

multi-basin portfolio. Ovintiv works to safely 

produce crude oil and natural gas—products 

that make modern life possible for all. The 

Company is focused on creating long-term 

shareholder value while contributing to 

the strength and sustainability of the 

communities where it operates.

ANNUAL MEETING OF 
STOCKHOLDERS
The 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders 

of Ovintiv Inc. will be held at 10:00 a.m. 

Mountain Time, April 29, 2020, via live 

webcast.

American Stock Transfer & Trust 
Company, LLC 
6201 15th Avenue

Brooklyn, New York, 11219

1-877-361-7965

Email: help@astfinancial.com

AST Trust Company (Canada)
P.O. Box 721

Agincourt, Ontario M1S 0A1

1-866-580-7145 (toll free in North America)

1-416-682-3863 (outside North America)

Website: www.astfinancial.com/ca-en

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

STOCK INFORMATION
Our common stock is traded on the New 

Ovintiv Inc.
370 17th Street

York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock 

Suite 1700

Exchange under the symbol “OVV.”

Denver, Colorado 80202

Website: www.ovintiv.com

INVESTOR CONTACT
Phone: 281.210.5110 | 403.645.2252

Email: investor.relations@ovintiv.com

MEDIA CONTACT
Phone: 281.210.5253

Email: media.relations@ovintiv.com  

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