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Ovoca Bio
Annual Report 2018

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FY2018 Annual Report · Ovoca Bio
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Annual
Report
2018

ANNUAL 
REPORT 
2018

OVOCA BIO PLC (FORMERLY OVOCA GOLD PLC)
ANNUAL REPORT 
FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 
ENDED  31 DECEMBER 2018

C O N T E N T S

WELCOME

ANNUAL REPORT 

4

1.

2. 
5

6

3.

4.
10

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 
(CEO)’S STATEMENT

5.
12

DIRECTORS’ REPORT

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT

23

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 
STATEMENT

COMPANY INFORMATION 
AND OVERVIEW 

6.
24

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ 
REPORT TO THE MEMBERS 
OF OVOCA BIO PLC

DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE 
INFORMATION

30

CONSOLIDATED INCOME 
STATEMENT

2

 
OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

OVOCA BIO PLC (FORMERLY OVOCA GOLD PLC) FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED  31 DECEMBER 2018

31

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE 
(LOSS)/INCOME

36

COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF FINANCIAL POSITION

32

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

37

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF CASH FLOWS

34

COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

38

COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF CASH FLOWS

35

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF FINANCIAL POSITION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS

40

7.

3

  
 
1.
CHIEF 
EXECUTIVE 
OFFICER (CEO)’S 
STATEMENT

Dear Shareholders and Colleagues!

With the successful conclusion of last year’s acquisition of IVIX LLC 
(“IVIX”)  and  re-admission  of  the  enlarged  group  on  Euronext  Dublin 
and the London Stock Exchange, the foundation was put in place for 
establishing Ovoca Bio Plc (“Ovoca”, “the Company”, “the Group”) as 
a  recognized  developer  of  novel  therapeutics  for  women’s  health, 
especially  in  the  area  of  sexual  dysfunction.  Our  colleagues  at  IVIX 
continue  to  build  out  our  successful  BP101  program,  which  you  will 
have seen in March 2019 comfortably exceeded the efficacy and safety 
hurdles in its Phase 3 trial in Russia. As a result, we are now preparing 
to file for the drug’s marketing approval in its first country, the Russian 
Federation, and actively pursuing discussions with potential licensing 
partners to commercialize there. 

Looking  more  expansively,  to  realize  the  large  global  potential 
of  BP101  and  to  build  Ovoca’s  future  pipeline,  the  Company  will 
pursue its transformation further into an international biotechnology 
its  presence  and  relationships 
development  company,  growing 
outside  of  the  home  territory.  Over  the  course  of  this  year  and  into 
the next, we will be seeking to strengthen our international team and 
advisers, and increasing our visibility and the familiarity of stakeholders 
with  our  exciting  story  and  plans.  Shortly,  we  plan  to  publish  which 
scientific experts will be advising us on our current and future pipeline 
opportunities.  In  parallel  with  these  initiatives,  we  shall,  of  course, 
be completing the remaining essential activities that BP101 requires 
to  make  it  an  attractive  partnering  candidate  globally  and  worthy  of 
further financing where we choose to retain commercial rights.  

We  trust  you  are  as  enthusiastic  as  we  are  about  Ovoca’s  bright 
prospects  in  its  new  form.  Moreover,  we  hope  that  last  year’s  strong 
progress  and  our  current  plans  help  reinforce  the  view  that  Ovoca 
should be a company that investors want to be part of during its value-
creating future. 

Best regards,

Kirill Golovanov, CEO

4

 
CHAIRMAN’S 
STATEMENT

Dear Stakeholders,

I  reported  last  year  how  our  business  was  at  the  intersection  of 
two  unfavorable  trends  and  that  action  was  required  to  insulate 
the  Company  from  their  effects.  Our  strategic  review  to  address  this 
identified  the  healthcare  and  biotechnology  sectors  as  having  many 
of the risk-reward features of our traditional business, but at the same 
time being less in the political cross hairs of nations in dispute.  While 
the geopolitical unrest between Russia and the West shows no signs 
of  improving,  our  decisive  action  in  2018  to  acquire  IVIX  LLC  and  its 
promising clinical program directed to women’s health should bring us 
more control over our future and make us less prone to international 
politics.  

We  continue  to  realize  the  assets  of  our  former  business  in  an 
orderly manner and the steady stream of strong findings in the clinic 
for BP101 and our plans to reproduce that internationally are helping 
to  accelerate  Ovoca’s  change  in  strategic  direction.  The  Company 
maintains  strong  reserves  of  cash  and  liquid  assets  and  these  will 
support  its  repositioning  activities.  Nevertheless,  much  work  needs 
to be done and the board and management recognize the paramount 
importance  of  building  Ovoca’s  track  record  of  success  with  its  first 
drug  candidate,  growing  its  product  pipeline,  and  delivering  on  its 
commitments to a new set of stakeholders in a timely way. All of this 
we  consider  to  be  necessary  in  order  to  attract  strong  commercial 
partners, build an enthusiastic investor following and, ultimately, bring 
new treatments to the patients that really need them.   

Sincerely,

Mikhail Mogutov, Chairman

5

 
3.

COMPANY 
INFORMATION 
AND OVERVIEW

OVOCA BIO PLC (FORMERLY OVOCA GOLD PLC)
ANNUAL REPORT 
FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 
ENDED  31 DECEMBER 2018

6

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

INTRODUCTION

Ovoca  Bio  plc  (Ovoca)  is  a  biopharmaceutical  company  focused  on  identifying  and 
developing  novel  therapeutics  targeting  the  large  unmet  needs  in  the  treatment  of  female 
sexual  dysfunction.  In  September  2018  Ovoca  acquired  a  majority  interest  and  integrated  into 
its Group a Russianincorporated company IVIX LLC (IVIX), a company that has sought to develop 
and commercialize its investigational drug candidate, BP101, for the treatment of female sexual 
dysfunction, since its formation in 2012. 

BP101  is  a  novel  synthetic  peptide,  administered  through  a  nasal  spray.  Clinical  studies 
completed to-date have demonstrated statistically significant efficacy in the treatment of a major 
form of female sexual dysfunction. 

So far, IVIX has reached and completed Phase III clinical studies in Russia for BP101. The Group 
now intends to seek approval for the marketing of BP101 in the Russian market, as well seek to 
expand its use internationally.

PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS

Since Ovoca announced the acquisition of Russian biotechnology firm, IVIX LLC, on 4th July 2018, 
Ovoca has made considerable progress in implementing its strategic refocus away from gold mining 
and development. In particular, Ovoca achieved notable success in the following areas in 2018:

•  Completion of the acquisition of IVIX on 25th September 2018;
•  Recruitment of patients ahead of schedule to the Russian Phase 3 clinical trial of BP101, the 

Company’s first drug candidate for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction; 

•  External expert review of BP101 preclinical and scientific data has been conducted and a 
programme identified to address all the regulatory needs for clinical development in the 
EU and United States.

OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS

In July 2018, Ovoca announced its proposed acquisition of IVIX and a strategic refocus of its 
core business from mining to biotechnology. After obtaining the approval of Ovoca’s shareholders, 
meeting the terms and conditions of the agreements attaching to the transaction, and completing 
necessary corporate arrangements in Russia, Ovoca completed the acquisition of IVIX LLC on 25th 
September 2018.  BP101 is now Ovoca’s first investigational drug, consisting of a novel synthetic 
peptide that is being developed for the treatment of a major form of female sexual dysfunction 
called hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). There is a high unmet medical need in HSDD with 
a lack of safe and effective treatment options currently available. HSDD is a distressing condition 
involving  a  lack  or  loss  of  sexual  desire  in  women  and  affects  a  large  number  of  adults  in  the 
United States and Europe. IVIX, initiated a Phase 3 therapeutic clinical study in Russia in 2017 and 
will allow the Group to apply for marketing authorization of BP101 in its first market, Russia.

After IVIX’s acquisition by Ovoca, the enlarged group continued to make strong progress with the 
development of BP101 for HSDD treatment. In late 2018, patient recruitment in the Russian Phase 
3  clinical  study  was  completed  early  based  on  the  findings  of  an  independent  Data  Monitoring 
Committee (DMC) established to monitor the blinded data from the study. As part of the clinical trial 
study protocol, a pre-planned interim analysis of the study data was performed by the DMC for the 
primary endpoint – change from baseline in the mean number of satisfying sexual events (SSEs). The 
interim analysis results showed statistically significant superiority of BP101 compared with placebo, 
which allowed the decision to be made to complete patient recruitment for the study. 

Also, as a result of consultation with external regulatory affairs experts, further preparation has 
been made towards readying BP101 for clinical development in the United States and Europe: 
a  systematic  analysis  of  BP101  preclinical  and  scientific  data  was  completed,  which  allowed 
identification of potential gaps to be addressed before regulatory approval would be forthcoming 
in Western countries. The Group has used this assessment to modify its ongoing preclinical and 
regulatory affairs activities and update its development timelines.

7

3.     COMPANY INFORMATION AND OVERVIEW

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS SINCE YEAR END

Following  a  planned  interim  analysis  conducted  by  an  independent  Data  Monitoring 
Committee  (DMC),  in  Q1  2019  the  DMC  recommended  to  stop  the  trial  early  as  the  primary 
endpoint has reached its pre-specified criteria for superiority. That allowed IVIX to complete its 
Russian  Phase  3  clinical  study  of  BP101  ahead  of  the  Strategic  Plan  (announced  previously  in 
the Admission Document) and to announce positive outcomes for both primary and secondary 
endpoints compared to placebo control. For the secondary endpoints that are important from 
a  regulatory  approval  perspective    –  Female  Sexual  Function  Index  (FSFI)  Desire  domain  and 
Female Sexual Distress Scale-revised (FSDR-R) Item 13, which measures distress related with the 
lack of desire - there was shown statistically and clinically significant superiority of BP101 over 
placebo. Furthermore, a favorable safety profile of BP101 was demonstrated in the Phase 3 study, 
confirming the safety of BP101 since in all previous clinical studies.

On 1st March 2019 IVIX was granted patent No 234753 in Israel covering any use for a large list 
of peptide variants based on BP-101. This patent adds to IVIX’s issued patent portfolio consisting 
of  a  Russian  patent  with  the  same  coverage,  and  a  U.S.  patent  protecting  any  pharmaceutical 
application of peptides in the same list.

OUR PRODUCT 

BP101 

Ovoca’s first product, BP101, is an investigational drug comprising a novel synthetic peptide, 
that is being developed for the treatment of one of the major forms of female sexual dysfunction 
– hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), for which there is a high unmet medical need with 
a lack of safe and effective treatment options. HSDD is a distressing condition of lack or loss of 
sexual desire in women, which affects a significant number of adult females in the United States 
and Europe. BP101 was in a Phase 3 randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled clinical 
study in Russia during 2018 to confirm the results of a prior efficacy study, which will allow the 
Group to apply for marketing authorization of BP101 in Russia.

Female  sexual  dysfunction  (“FSD”)  is  estimated  to  affect  a  significant  portion  of  the  female 
population in US and EU countries. Examples of FSD may include hypoactive sexual desire disorder 
(“HSDD”) and female sexual arousal disorder (“FSAD”). In a research paper published by Shifren 
J.L. et al1, nearly 10% of premenopausal women in a large US survey reported distressing low 
desire for sexual activity. According to the Women’s International Study of Health and Sexuality2, 
the prevalence of HSDD ranged from 6–13 per cent. in Europe, and the proportion of women with 
low desire associated with distress was significantly higher in younger women in comparison with 
older women.

BP101 has already demonstrated promising results for the treatment of patients with HSDD 
in the Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in female patients with lack 
or  loss  of  sexual  desire,  where  BP101  significantly  increased  sexual  desire  and  the  number  of 
SSEs and orgasms in premenopausal women compared with the placebo, while demonstrating a 
favorable safety and tolerability profile. In early 2018, IVIX started to enroll patients into its Russian 
Phase 3 clinical study to confirm the efficacy and safety seen with BP101, and with the intention 
of  applying  later  in  2019  for  marketing  authorization  in  Russia  and  potentially  other  Eurasian 
Economic Union countries for BP101 based on the results of this single Phase 3 study.

1   Shifren JL et al. Sexual Problems and Distress in United States Women: Prevalence and Correlates. ObstetGynecol 2008;112 (5); 

968-9 .

2   Nappi RE, Martini E, Terreno E, et al. Management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women: current and emerging therapies. 

International Journal of Women’s Health. 2010; 2:167-175).

8

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Obtained patents:

Russia:

•  Patent № 2507212 «Method for Producing a Recombinant Peptide and Resultant Peptide», 

Priority year 2012;

•  Patent  №  2626002,  priority  year  2016,  “New  group  of  peptides  for  treatment  of  Female 

Sexual Dysfunction”;

•  Patent  №  2655763,  priority  year  2016,  “Pharmaceutical  composition  and  method  of 

treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunctions”.

USA:

•  «Method  for  Producing  a  Recombinant  Peptide  and  Resultant  Peptide»,  US9409947B2, 

priority year 2012.

Israel:

•  «Method for Producing a Recombinant Peptide and Resultant Peptide», 234753, priority year 

2012.

Applications of PCT «Method for Producing a Recombinant Peptide and Resultant Peptide», 

PCT/RU2013/000433 prosecuted in the following countries:

Country

China

EU

Japan

India

Canada

South Korea

Brazil

Filed

05.28.2013

05.28.2013

05.28.2013

05.28.2013

05.28.2013

05.28.2013

05.28.2013

Serial no.

№201380028491.4

№13772776.4

№2015-503152

№8984/DELNP/2014  

№2,868,820  

№10-2014-7030301

№BR 11 2014 023888 0

CLINICAL TRIALS UPDATE

Since the acquisition of IVIX in Q3 2018 the Group was continuing to run its Phase 3 clinical study of 
BP101 in Russia. In Q1 2019 the pre-specified interim analysis was performed, and statistically significant 
superiority of BP101 compared with placebo in terms of the study primary endpoint – change from 
baseline in the mean number of satisfying sexual events (SSEs) after the first month of treatment, was 
shown. The independent Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) has reviewed the interim analysis results 
and has recommended to IVIX to early complete the trial due to early efficacy demonstration.

In line with DMC recommendation, IVIX has decided to early stop the patients’ recruitment to the 
BP101-SD02-RUS Phase 3 study and to start preparations for early study completion. Corresponding 
interim clinical trial report was sent to Russian Ministry of Health (Regulatory Authority).

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT FOR BP101 ASSET

To pursue Ovoca’s strategy to develop BP101 in Western markets, and in particular the United 
States and Europe, the Group has undertaken a number of planning activities in consultation with 
external  regulatory  affairs  experts.  A  systematic  analysis  of  BP101  preclinical  and  scientific  data 
was completed, which allowed identification of potential gaps to be addressed before regulatory 
approval would be forthcoming in Western countries. The Group has used this assessment to modify 
its ongoing pre-clinical and regulatory affairs activities and update its development timelines.

9

4.

DIRECTORS 
AND 
CORPORATE 
INFORMATION

OVOCA BIO PLC (FORMERLY OVOCA GOLD PLC)
ANNUAL REPORT 
FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 
ENDED  31 DECEMBER 2018

10

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Directors

Mikhail Mogutov
Executive Chairman

Kirill Golovanov
CEO (Executive Director)

Yuri Radchenko
Non-Executive Director

Leonid Skoptsov
Non-Executive Director

Timothy McCutcheon
Non-Executive Director 

Nikolay Myasodev (appointed  27 July 2018)
Non-Executive Director

Registered Office
17 Pembroke Street Upper
Dublin 2
D02 AT22

Business Address
17 Pembroke Street Upper
Dublin 2
D02 AT22

Other Business Information
Svetlana Radchenko
Chief Financial Officer

Christopher Wiltshire (appointed  27 July 2018)
Non-Executive Director

Kirill Golovanov
Corporate Secretary 

Romulo Colindres (appointed  27 July 2018)
Non-Executive Director

Kenneth Kuchling (resigned 27 July 2018)
Non-Executive Director

Donald Schissel (resigned 27 July 2018)
Non-Executive Director

Registration number: 
105274

Incorporated:
15 January 1985

Web site 
www.ovocabio.com

Principal banker
Allied Irish Banks plc
Terenure Road
Rathgar
Dublin 6
Ireland

Auditors
Grant Thornton
Chartered Accountants & 
Statutory Audit Firm
13 – 18 City Quay
Dublin 2
D02 ED70
Ireland

Solicitors
OBH Partners 
17 Pembroke Street Upper
Dublin 2
D02 AT22

Nominated Adviser and 
Euronext Growth Advisor
Davy
Davy House
49 Dawson Street
Dublin 2
Ireland

Registrars
Computershare Investor 
Services (Ireland) Limited
3100 Lake Drive, Citywest 
Business Campus, Dublin 24, 
D24 AK82

11

 
5.

DIRECTORS’ 
REPORT

OVOCA BIO PLC (FORMERLY OVOCA GOLD PLC)
ANNUAL REPORT 
FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 
ENDED  31 DECEMBER 2018

12

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

The Directors present their annual report and audited financial statements for the financial 
year  ended  31  December  2018  of  Ovoca  Bio  plc  (formerly  Ovoca  Gold  plc)  (“the  Company”),  a 
company registered and domiciled in the Republic of Ireland and its subsidiaries (collectively “the 
Group”).

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES, BUSINESS REVIEW AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

The  Group’s  activity  is  that  of  a  bio-technology  company  following  the  acquisition  of  the 
interests in IVIX LLC during the year. On 27 July 2108 the Company changed its name to Ovoca Bio 
Public Limited Company from Ovoca Gold Public Limited Company. Following the acquisition, the 
Company announced its intention for dispose of its remaining property and equipment. 

The  Directors  have  reviewed  the  financial  position  of  the  Group  and  are  satisfied  that  the 
Group will continue to operate for the foreseeable future. A detailed business review is included in 
the Company information and overview.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

At this stage of the Group’s business activities the Directors think it is appropriate to limit the 
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) used to monitor progress in the delivery of the Group’s strategic 
objectives, to assess actual performance against targets and to aid management of the business.

The Board monitors relevant KPIs, which it considers appropriate for managing the activities 

inherent in exploration and appraisal operations. The KPIs for the Group are as follows:

Financial KPIs

•  Shareholder return – the performance of the share price;
•  Research  and  development  costs  –  Pharmaceutical  related  research  and  development 

costs.

Non-financial KPIs

•  Regulatory approval of biopharmaceutical products;
•  Development and commercialisation partnerships formed with third parties.

RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS

The results of the Group are disclosed on page 30 of the financial statements. The directors did 

not recommend the payment of a dividend.

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The Group’s operating activities are principally carried out in Russia. Accordingly, the principal 
risks  and  uncertainties  detailed  below  have  been  identified.  The  Group  seeks  to  minimise  the 
effects of these risks through careful monitoring of the risks on an ongoing basis.

•  Political Risk: As a consequence of activities in different parts of the world, the Group may be 
subject to political, economic and other uncertainties, including but not limited to terrorism, war 
or unrest, changes in national laws and energy policies and exposure to different legal systems.
•  Legal Risk: As a consequence of the Group business portfolio of pharmaceutical interests, 
the  Group  may  be  numerous  legal  risks,  particularly  in  the  areas  of  product  liability, 
competition, and patent disputes.

including 

•  Competition Risk: The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are very competitive. 
The  Group’s  competitors, 
include  major  multinational  pharmaceutical 
companies,  biotechnology  companies  and  research  institutions.  Many  of  its  competitors 
have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, such as larger research 
and development staff. The Group’s competitors may succeed in developing, acquiring or 
licensing drug product candidates that are earlier to market, more effective or less costly 
than  any  product  candidate  which  the  Group  is  currently  developing  or  which  it  may 
develop and this may have a material adverse impact on the Group.

13

5.     DIRECTORS’ REPORT

•  Clinical  trials:  Clinical  trials  are  expensive,  time  consuming  and  difficult  to  design  and 
implement  and  involve  uncertain  outcomes.  Furthermore,  results  of  earlier  pre-clinical 
studies and clinical trials may not be predictive of results of future pre-clinical studies or 
clinical trials. The Group continuously monitors the outcomes and costs of ongoing clinical 
trials.

•   Regulation: The regulatory approval processes of the regulatory agencies may be lengthy, 

time-consuming and the outcome is unpredictable.

•  Market  Risk:  Factors  beyond  the  control  of  the  Group  may  affect  the  marketability  of  its 
securities. Prices are subject to fluctuation and are affected by factors beyond the control 
of the Group. The effect of these factors on the Group’s operations cannot be accurately 
predicted.  Fluctuations  in  stock  market  prices  affect  the  Group’s  Equity  securities  at  fair 
value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). The Group seek to minimise this risk 
by closely monitoring stock market movements on an ongoing basis.  A detailed sensitivity 
analysis of the impact of changes in the market price of securities is available at Note 19.
•  Foreign Exchange Risk: Exchange rate fluctuations may affect the cost that the Group 
incurs  with  its  operations.  Any  fluctuations  of  the  Euro  and  Russian  Rouble  against 
the US Dollar may have a significant impact on the Company’s financial position and 
results in future.  

The  carrying  amount  of  the  Group’s  foreign  currency  denominated  monetary  assets  and 

monetary liabilities at the end of the reporting date are as follows:

United States Dollar

Russian Rouble

Financial Assets

Financial Liabilities

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

15,752

143

€’000

21,131

1,694

€’000

€’000

986

12

-

8

The following table details the Group’s sensitivity to a 10% increase and decrease in the Euro 
against United States Dollar and Russian Rouble. 10% is the sensitivity rate used which represents 
management’s  assessment  of  the  reasonably  possible  change  in  foreign  exchange  rates.  The 
sensitivity analysis includes only outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items and 
adjusts their translation at the year-end for a 10% change in foreign currency rates, it assumes that 
all other variables, in particular bank interest rates, remain constant and ignores the impact of 
forecast sales and purchases

Profit or loss

        United States Dollar Impact

        Russian Rouble Impact

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

1,342 

€’000

2,134

€’000

12

€’000

170

•  Credit Risk: this refers to the risk that a counter party will default on its contractual obligations 
resulting in financial loss to the Group. The Group has adopted a policy of only dealing with 
creditworthy  counterparties  and  obtaining  significant  collateral,  where  appropriate,  as  a 
means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaulters. The table below analyses the 
maximum exposure of the Group’s financial assets which are subject to credit risk:

14

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Group

Group

Group

Group

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents (Note 22)

Total

138 

1,823 

1,961 

-

5,546

5,546

158 

2,008

2,166 

-

6,643

6,643

The  Group  continuously  monitors  defaults  of  customers  and  other  counterparty,  identified 
either individually or by the Group, and incorporates this information into its credit risk controls. 
In relation to the credit risk for cash and cash equivalents, the risk is considered to be negligible, 
since the counterparties are reputable banks with high quality external credit ratings. The Group’s 
management  considers  that  all  of  the  above  financial  assets  are  of  good  credit  quality,  as  the 
Group’s policy is to deal only with creditworthy customers. 

•  Liquidity Risk: is the risk that the Group will not have the sufficient funds to meet its liabilities.  
The Group holds its cash in currencies in which it expects to incur expenditure, including 
Euros, US Dollar and Russian Roubles. The Group’s reporting currency is the Euro. The most 
meaningful information relates to the Group’s current liquidity – since it is not generating 
any income from its mineral projects.

The  table  below  analyses  the  Group’s  financial  liabilities  into  relevant  maturity  groupings 
based on the earliest date on which the Group can be required to pay. The amounts disclosed in 
the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within 1 year equal to their 
carrying values, as the impact of the discounting is not significant.

Balances due within 1 year

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

Group

Group

Group

Group

Trade and other payables (Note 27)

Borrowings (Note 28)

Total 

€’000

178 

989 

1,067

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

41

-

41

202

1,133 

1,335

49

-

49

The  Group  considers  expected  cash  flows  from  financial  assets  in  assessing  and  managing 
liquidity risk, in particular its cash resources and available for sale financial assets. The Group’s 
current cash resources (Note 22), trade and other receivables (Note 21) and equity securities at 
FVOCI (Note 19) significantly exceed the current cash outflow requirements.

15

5.     DIRECTORS’ REPORT

DIRECTORS, SECRETARY AND THEIR INTERESTS 

In  accordance  with  Section  329  of  the  Companies  Act  2014,  the  interests  (all  of  which  are 
beneficial) of the Directors and Secretary who held office at the date of approval of the annual 
report and at 31 December 2018 and their families in the share capital of the Company were:

Director

18/06/2019

31/12/2018

01/01/2018

23/04/2019

31/12/2018

01/01/2018

Ordinary shares of 12.5 cents each

Options over Ordinary shares

Kirill Golovanov 

Mikhail Mogutov

Leonid Skoptsov

Yuri Radchenko

Timothy McCutcheon

Nikolay Myasodev

Christopher Wiltshire

Romulo Colindres

19,506,203 

19,506,203 

19,506,203 

 - 

 - 

 -     

11,656,203

10,002,077

11,656,203

10,002,077

11,656,203

11,656,202

 - 

 - 

1,654,125

1,654,125

-   

-   

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

2,200,000

2,200,000

   200,000

   200,000

   200,000

   200,000 

   200,000

   200,000

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

Further details of the above share options, issued after the year end, to the directors are as 

follows:

Director

Kirill Golovanov 

Mikhail Mogutov

Leonid Skoptsov

Yuri Radchenko

Timothy McCutcheon

Nikolay Myasodev

Christopher Wiltshire

Romulo Colindres

Date Granted

Number of 
options

Exercise Price

Vesting period

27 March 2019

27 March 2019

27 March 2019

27 March 2019

27 March 2019

27 March 2019

27 March 2019

27 March 2019

2,200,000

2,200,000

   200,000

   200,000

   200,000

   200,000

   200,000

   200,000

£0.125 

£0.125 

£0.125 

£0.125 

£0.125 

£0.125 

£0.125 

£0.125 

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

Mr.  Kenneth  Kuchling  and  Mr  Donald  Schissel  retired  as  Directors  on  27  July  2018  and  Mr. 
Nikolay Myasodev, Christopher Wiltshire and Mr. Romulo Colindres were appointed as Directors 
on the same date.

SHARE PRICE

The Company’s shares are primarily traded on the Euronext Growth Market of Euronext Dublin, 
and the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange. The Company’s shares 
are also traded on the Frankfurt, Berlin, Munich and Stuttgart exchanges.

The  market  price  of  the  Company’s  shares  on  the  Euronext  Growth  Market  (OVXA.IR)  at  31 
December 2018 was €0.105 (2017: €0.08). During the financial year ended 31 December 2018 the 
market price of the Company’s shares ranged from €0.08 to €0.13 (2017: €0.08 to €0.16).

The market price of the Company’s share on AIM (OVB.LSE) at 31 December 2018 was £0.07 
(2017: £0.11). During the financial year ended 31 December 2018 the market price of the Company’s 
shares ranged from £0.07 to £0.11 (2017: £0.08 to £0.14).

16

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

SIGNIFICANT SHAREHOLDERS

So far as the Directors are aware, the names of the persons other than the Directors who, directly 
or indirectly, are interested in 3 per cent or more of the issued share capital of the Company as at 
17 June 2019 are as follows: 

Euroclear Nominees Limited 

Pickco Trading Co Limited

BBHISL Nominees (HSBC)

Davy Crest Nominees

Citibank Nominees (Ireland)

Chase Nominees Limited

GROUP UNDERTAKINGS

Ordinary shares of €1.25c each

      % of issued share capital

18,306,747

7,928,531

7,611,143

5,684,782

3,961,613

3,231,200

20.70

8.96

8.60

6.43

4.48

3.65

Details  of  the  Company’s  subsidiary  undertakings  are  set  out  in  Note  18  to  the  financial 

statements.

DIRECTORS’ INTEREST IN CONTRACTS

None of the Directors had a beneficial interest in any contract to which the Company or Group 

was a party during the period except as detailed in Note 29.

POLITICAL DONATIONS

The Group made no political donations during the financial year.

RESARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITES 

Expenditure  on  the  research  phase  of  projects  to  develop  new  pharmaceutical  products 
is  recognised  as  an  expense  as  incurred.  During  the  year,  the  Group  incurred  research  and 
development costs of €’000 484 (US$’000 572). 

GOING CONCERN

The  Group  has  significant  liquid  resources  in  the  form  of  cash  reserves  of  €1.8  million  and 
equity investments which can be readily liquidated for €14.1 million at the year end. On 7 February 
2019, the Board of Directors approved management plans and forecasts which will allow them 
to  liquidate  the  equities  securities  measured  at  FVOCI  to  fund  the  activities  of  the  Group.  The 
Directors are satisfied that there are sufficient levels of funding within the Group to enable them 
to trade for the foreseeable future, and to explore further investment opportunities if appropriate 
projects exist.

The  Directors  consider  that  in  preparing  the  financial  statements  that  they  have  taken  into 
account  all  information  that  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  be  available.  On  this  basis,  they 
consider that it is appropriate to prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis.

DETAILS OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

Mikhail Alexandrovich Mogutov, Executive Chairman

Mr. Mogutov joined the board of Ovoca in June 2006 and became Chairman in 2008. In 1988, 
Mr.  Mogutov  was  a  founder  of  the  Bioprocess  Group,  which  was  an  asset  management  and 
business-development company with interests in various industries. One notable success of the 
Bioprocess  Group  is  OAO  “United  Machinery  Plants”  (OMZ),  which  is  Russia’s  largest  machine 
building company producing the majority of Russian-made oilrigs and mining/drilling equipment. 
In 1996, OMZ was the first Russian company to list on the London Stock Exchange.

17

5.     DIRECTORS’ REPORT

Between 1997 and 1999 Mr. Mogutov was the Chairman of Vostsibugol, one of Russia’s largest 
coal  mining  enterprises,  with  an  annual  output  of  over  13  million  tons  of  coal.  He  became 
increasingly  active  in  natural  resource  development  after  1999  and  in  2006,  he  was  part  of  the 
Group that vended into Ovoca Bio plc (formerly Ovoca Gold plc) 100% of OAO Ajax - the owner of 
the high grade Goltsovoye silver project in the Magadan Region, Russia.

Doctorate, Moscow Physics-Technical Institute, Moscow, Russia. Fluent in Russian and English.

Kirill Golovanov, Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Golovanov joined Ovoca as a corporate advisor in 2007 and moved to be the manager of 
the Company’s Russia representative office in 2009.  During his time at Ovoca he played a major 
role in the development and subsequent sale of the Goltsovoye silver deposit. He has extensive 
experience  in  mining  and  corporate  law,  as  well  as  working  experience  at  leading  Russian 
enterprises,  such  as  Gazprombank  and  Vneshekonombank.  Additionally,  he  was  a  department 
manager  in  the  Federal  Service  on  Bankruptcy  and  Finance  Restoration  –  a  subdivision  of  the 
Russian Federation Ministry of Finance.

JD,  Moscow  State  Law  Academy,  Moscow,  Russia.  MBA,  Duke  University’s  Fuqua  School  of 

Business, NC, USA. Fluent in Russian and English.

DETAILS OF NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

Yuri Ivanovich Radchenko, Non-Executive Director

Mr. Radchenko became a board member of Ovoca in June 2006. Mr. Radchenko is a Magadan 
resident and has a long history of natural resource development in the region.  He was deeply 
involved in the development of the Julietta gold-silver mine by Bema Gold Corporation and he 
is currently the Chairman of Julietta’s operating company. Additionally, he was the discoverer of 
the Lunnoye silver deposit, which is now one of OAO Polymetal’s core assets.  He was part of the 
group that vended into Ovoca Bio plc (formerly Ovoca Gold plc) 100% of OAO Ajax – Goltsovoye.

MS Geology, Kazakhstan Polytechnical Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Leonid Pavlovich Skoptsov, Non-Executive Director

Mr. Skoptsov joined the board of Ovoca in June 2006 and was the Company’s CEO from 2006 
to 2009. Mr. Skoptsov was part of the Bioprocess Group team that owned and ran OAO “United 
Machinery Plants” (OMZ). He also played an active part in natural resource development prior to 
Ovoca.  He was the Chairman of OAO Pervaya Gornorudnaya Companiya from 2001 - 2005, a zinc-
lead asset developer. He was also the Chairman of OAO Volganeft from 2000 to 2004, a mid-tier oil 
producer in Russia which was successfully sold to Russneft.  He was part of the Group that vended 
into Ovoca Bio plc (formerly Ovoca Gold plc) 100% of OAO Ajax – Goltsovoye.

BA, cum laude, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. Fluent in Russian and English.

Tim McCutcheon, Non-Executive Director

Mr. McCutcheon joined the Board of Ovoca as a Non-Executive Director in January 2009 and 
moved into the CEO position in December 2009. Prior to Ovoca, Mr. McCutcheon was a partner 
at DBM Capital Partners, an investment manager and corporate finance boutique specializing in 
the mining sector of Russia and the former Soviet Union. He also worked at several investment 
banks such as Bear Stearns, Aton Capital and Pioneer Investments as an award-winning metals 
and mining sector analyst and as an investment banker. He was one of the first analysts in Russia 
to  write  about  its  gold  mining  sector  and  he  has  advised  numerous  international  gold  mining 
companies on M&A, business development, and Russian business practices.

BA,  cum  laude,  Columbia  College,  New  York,  NY.  MBA,  Finance,  Columbia  Business  School. 

Fluent in English and Russian.

18

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Nikolay Myasoyedov, Non-Executive Director

Mr. Myasoyedov is an expert in the field of bioorganic chemistry and biotechnology. He is a full 
member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 2003, serving on the Department of Physical 
and Chemical Biology. Mr. Myasoyedov serves as Deputy Director for Research and the head of 
the  Department  of  Chemistry  of  Physiologically  Active  Substances  at  the  Institute  of  Molecular 
Genetics. He has more than 1,000 citations on work published after 1975. He is a co-author over 
360 scientific papers, including 2 monographs, more than 150 copyright certificates and patents, 
as well as 4 foreign patents (USA, England, France, Sweden).

Christopher Wiltshire, Non-Executive Director

Mr. Wiltshire is an experienced senior pharmaceutical and biotechnology executive with over 
20 years of international experience. He currently serves as the CEO of Hematherix LLC, a company 
he founded in 2015 to develop a first-in-class, early stage recombinant blood protein. Between 
2008 and 2015, he was the founder/owner of IPT Bioconsulting, which provided strategic advice 
to  early  and  mid-stage  biotechnology  and  pharmaceutical  companies.  Mr.  Wiltshire  previously 
served  in  number  of  senior  positions  with  Pfizer  between  1998  and  2008,  including  as  head  of 
business transactions and investments within The Pfizer Incubator LLC. Prior to joining Pfizer, Mr. 
Wiltshire worked with Eli Lilly and Company between 1993 and 1998. Mr. Wiltshire holds an MA in 
Engineering from the University of Cambridge in the UK and an MBA from the Darden Graduate 
School, University of Virginia, US.

Romuolo Colindres, Non-Executive Director

Mr. Colindres is an experienced medical practitioner and pharmaceutical executive, having 
worked with GlaxoSmithKline plc (“GSK”) in a number of senior roles since 2007. Mr. Colindres 
is currently Vice President, Global Medical Affairs Lead for Zoster with GSK and has previously 
held roles with GSK in Panama, Brazil and Belgium during his career with the Company. Prior to 
joining GSK, Mr. Colindres was a physician in the United States and Brazil and previously held 
roles  in  public  health  in  the  United  States  and  El  Salvador.  Mr.  Colindres  holds  an  MBA  from 
Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business, NC, USA, an MD from University of North Carolina 
School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and a Masters of Public Health from University of North 
Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Mr. Colindres is fluent in Spanish and 
English. 

19

5.     DIRECTORS’ REPORT

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT

The Board of Directors (“the Board”) are committed to maintaining the highest standards of 
corporate governance commensurate with the size, stage of development and financial status of 
the Group.

BOARD

The  Board  currently  has  eight  directors,  comprising  two  Executive  Directors  and  six  Non-
Executive Directors. The Board met formally on 7 occasions during 2018. An agenda and supporting 
documentation was circulated in advance of each meeting. All the Directors bring independent 
judgment to bear on issues affecting the Group and all have full and timely access to information 
necessary to enable them to discharge their duties. The Directors have a wide and varying array 
of experiences in the industry, Non-Executive Directors are not appointed for specific terms. Each 
Non-Executive Director comes up for re-election every three years and each new Director is subject 
to election at the next Annual General Meeting following the date of appointment.

The following committees deal with the specific aspects of the Group affairs:

Audit  Committee:  This  Committee  comprises  two  Non-Executive  Directors.  The  external 
auditors have the opportunity to meet with members of the Audit Committee without executive 
management  present  at  least  once  a  year.  The  duties  of  the  Committee  include  the  review  of 
the accounting principles, policies and practices adopted in preparing the financial statements, 
external compliance matters and the review of the Group’s financial results.

Nominations Committee: Given the current size of the Group, a Nominations Committee is not 
considered necessary. The Board reserves to itself the process by which a new Director is appointed.

Remuneration  Committee:  This  Committee  comprises  one  Non-Executive  Director  and  one 
Executive  Director.  This  Committee  determines  the  contract  terms,  remuneration  and  other 
benefits of the Executive Directors, Chairman and Non-Executive Directors. Further details of the 
Group’s policies on remuneration, service contracts and compensation payments are given in the 
Remuneration Committee Report below.

Communications:  The  Group  maintains  regular  contact  with  shareholders  through 
publications  such  as  the  annual  and  half-year  report  and  via  press  releases  on  the  Group’s 
website, www.ovocabio.com. The Directors are responsive to shareholder enquiries throughout 
the year. The Board regards the Annual General Meeting as a particularly important opportunity 
for shareholders, Directors and management to meet and exchange views.

The QCA Corporate Governance Code 2018

The QCA Code sets out 10 broad principles and requires the Company to consider how each 
should  be  applied.  This  Report  is  a  summary  of  the  position  with  the  Company’s  Corporate 
Governance processes and practices or otherwise “signposts” where other disclosures are made 
in this document or on the Company’s website www.ovocabio.com, particularly the Company’s 
Corporate Governance Statement:  https://ovocabio.com/investors/corporate-governance/.

The Broad address the ten principles underpinning the QCA case as follow:

1.  Establish a strategy and business model which promote long-term  value for shareholders;

2.  Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations;

3.  Take into account wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their implications for 

long-term success;

4.  Embed  effective  risk  management,  considering  both  opportunities  and  threats, 

throughout the organization;

20

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

5.  Maintain the board as a well- functioning, balanced team led by the chair;

6.  Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills 

and capabilities;

7.  Evaluate board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous 

improvement;

8.  Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviors;

9.  Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good 

decision- making by the board;

10.  Communicate how the Company is governed and is performing by maintaining a dialogue 

with shareholders and other relevant stakeholders.

INTERNAL CONTROL

The Directors have overall responsibility for the Group’s system of internal control and have 
delegated  responsibility  for  the  implementation  of  this  system  to  executive  management.  This 
system includes financial controls that enable the Board to meet its responsibilities for the integrity 
and accuracy of the Group’s accounting records. The Group’s system of internal financial control 
provides  reasonable,  though  not  absolute  assurance  that  assets  are  safeguarded,  transactions 
authorised and recorded properly and that material errors or irregularities are either prevented 
or  detected  within  a  timely  period.  Having  made  appropriate  enquiries,  the  Directors  consider 
that the system of internal financial, operational and compliance controls and risk management 
operated effectively during the period covered by the financial statements and up to the date on 
which the financial statements were signed. The internal control system includes the following 
key features, which have been designed to provide internal financial control appropriate to the 
Group’s businesses:

•  budgets are prepared for approval by the Board;
•  expenditure and income are compared to previously approved budgets;
•  a detailed investment approval process which requires the Board’s approval of all major 
capital projects and regular review of the physical performance and expenditure on these 
projects.

21

5.     DIRECTORS’ REPORT

REMUNERATION COMMITTEE REPORT

The Group’s policy on senior executive remuneration is designed to attract and retain people of 
the highest calibre who can bring their experienced and independent views to the policy, strategic 
decisions and governance of the Group. 

In  setting  remuneration  levels,  the  Remuneration  Committee  takes  into  consideration  the 
remuneration practices of other companies of similar size and scope. A key philosophy is that staff 
must be properly rewarded and motivated to perform in the best interests of the shareholders.

ACCOUNTING RECORDS

The Directors believe that they have complied with the requirement of section 281 to 285 of 
the Companies Act, 2014, with regard to the keeping of accounting records by employing persons 
with  appropriate  expertise  and  by  providing  adequate  resources  to  the  financial  function.  The 
accounting  records  are  held  at  the  Company’s  business  address  at  17  Pembroke  Street  Upper, 
Dublin 2, Ireland

COMPLIANCE STATEMENT

The directors of the Company acknowledge that they are responsible for securing the Company 

compliance with its relevant obligations, as defined by Section 225 of the Companies Act 2014. 

The directors are satisfied that they have the necessary arrangements and structures in place 
as required by Section 225(b) and that these are regularly reviewed in accordance with Section 
225(c) but they have not formally put in place the policy required by Section 225(a).

The reasons for this are:

•  the ongoing commitments of the Board who have been involved in the legal proceedings 

during the year;

•  the continued commitment of the Board in making a significant acquisition during the year;
•  the  relevant  arrangements  and  structures  which  were  in  place  needed  to  be  constantly 

reviewed and re-evaluated;

•  this did not facilitate the putting in place a formal compliance policy statement as matters 

were in flux;

•  the Board are actively rectifying this at present with the Group’s advisors and the policy will 

be formally in place shortly.

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors’ report is approved has 

confirmed that: 

•  so far as that director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s 

auditors are unaware, and 

•  that director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to 
be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors are 
aware of that information.

EVENTS AFTER REPORTING PERIOD

Events subsequent to the period end are dealt with in Note 37 to the financial statements.

AUDITORS

The  auditors,  Grant  Thornton,  continue  in  office  in  accordance  with  section  383(2)  of  the 

Companies Act 2014.

This report was approved by the board on 20 June 2019 and signed on its behalf.

Timothy McCutcheon

Director

Kirill Golovanov

Director

22

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual  report  and  financial  statements,  in 

accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company  law  requires  the  Directors  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  each  financial  year 
giving a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and Company and of the profit or 
loss of the Group and Company for that period. The Directors have elected to prepare the Group 
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRSs)  as 
adopted by the European Union (EU IFRS) and have elected to prepare the Company financial 
statements in accordance with EU IFRS, as applied in accordance with Irish law and regulations.

The  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  are  required  by  law  to  present  fairly  their 

financial position and performance for each financial year.

In preparing each of the Group and Company financial statements, the Directors are required 

to:

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
•  state whether the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable 
accounting standards, identify those standards, and note the effect and the reasons for any 
material departure from those standards; and

•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to 

presume that the Group and Company will continue in business.

The Directors confirm that they have complied with the above requirements in preparing the 

financial statements.

The directors are responsible for ensuring that the Group and Company keeps or causes to 
be kept adequate accounting records which correctly explain and record the transactions of the 
Group and Company, enable at any time the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss 
of  the  Company  to  be  determined  with  reasonable  accuracy,  enable  them  to    ensure  that  the 
financial statements and Directors’ report comply with the Companies Act 2014 and enable the 
financial statements to be audited. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
Group and Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial 
information  included  on  the  Group  and  Company’s  website.  Legislation  in  Ireland  governing 
the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  financial  statements  and  other  information  included  in 
Directors’ reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Approved on behalf of the Board on 20 June 1019

Timothy McCutcheon

Director

Kirill Golovanov

Director

23

 
6.

INDEPENDENT 
AUDITORS’ 
REPORT TO 
THE MEMBERS

OVOCA BIO PLC (FORMERLY OVOCA GOLD PLC)
ANNUAL REPORT 
FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 
ENDED  31 DECEMBER 2018

24

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO THE MEMBERS  OF OVOCA BIO PLC 
(FORMERLY OVOCA GOLD PLC)

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Ovoca Bio plc (formerly Ovoca Gold plc) for the financial year ended 
31 December 2018, which comprise Consolidated income statement, Consolidated statement of other comprehensive 
(loss)/income, Consolidated statement of changes in equity, Company statement of changes in equity, Consolidated 
statement of financial position, Company statement of financial position, Consolidated statement of cash flows, 
Company statement of cash flows and the related notes, including the summary of significant accounting policies.

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is Irish law and International Financial 

Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.

In our opinion:

•  the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by European 
Union, of the state of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Group at 31 December 2018 and of its profit 
and cash flows for the financial year then ended;

•  the parent Company statement of financial position gives a true and fair view, in accordance with IFRSs as adopted 
by European Union, of the state of the parent Company’s assets, liabilities and financial position of the Company as 
at 31 December 2018 and of its cash flows for the financial year then ended; and

•  the financial statements have been properly prepared and in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (Ireland) (‘ISAs’) and applicable law. 

Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the ‘responsibilities of the auditor for the audit of 
the financial statements’ section of our report. We are independent of the Group and Company in accordance with the 
ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Ireland, namely the Irish Auditing and 
Accounting Supervisory Authority (IAASA) Ethical Standard concerning the integrity, objectivity and independence of the 
auditor. We have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the 
audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (Ireland) require us to 

report to you where:

•  the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is not 

appropriate; or

•  the  directors  have  not  disclosed  in  the  financial  statements  any  identified  material  uncertainties  that  may  cast 
significant doubt about the Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a 
period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Under the Listing Rules we are required to review the directors’ statement, set out on page 17, in relation to going concern. 

We have nothing to report having performed our review.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of 
the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, 
the allocation of resources in the audit, and the directing of efforts of the engagement team. These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and 
therefore we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Overall audit strategy

We designed our audit by determining materiality and assessing the risks of material misstatement in the financial 

statements. In particular, we looked at where the directors made subjective judgements for example the valuation of goodwill 
and equity securities. We also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including evaluating whether 
there was any evidence of potential bias that could result in a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.

25

6.     INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO  THE MEMBERS

How we tailored the audit scope 

The Group has three business segments, exploration and pharmaceutical, which are operated principally in Russian 

Federation and investment activities operated from Bermuda, and with administrative activities in the Republic of 
Ireland.

We tailored the scope of our audit taking into account the areas where the risk of misstatement was considered 

material to the Group.

In establishing the overall approach to our audit, we assessed the risk of material misstatement at a Group level, 
taking into account the nature, likelihood and potential magnitude of any misstatement. As part of our risk assessment, 
we considered the control environment in place at Ovoca Bio plc.

Materiality and audit approach

The scope of our audit is influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for 
materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the 
nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements, both individually and on 
the financial statements as a whole.

Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the Group as follows: 0.5% of total assets for 
the financial year ended 31 December 2018. We have applied this benchmark as the Group primarily held assets for the 
purposes of acquisition during the financial year.

We agreed with the board of directors that we would report to them misstatements identified during our audit above 

5% of materiality as well as misstatements below that amount that, in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative 
reasons.

Significant matters identified

The risks of material misstatement that had the greatest effect on our audit, including the allocation of our resources 
and effort, are set out below as significant matters together with an explanation of how we tailored our audit to address 
these specific areas in order to provide an opinion on the financial statements as a whole. This is not a complete list of 
all risks identified by our audit.

Calculation and impairment review of goodwill – Note 15

During the year, the Company, through its subsidiary Silver Star Limited, obtained control of IVIX LLC. The resulting 

transaction resulted in goodwill of €4.0 million (US$4.6 million) being recognised on consolidation. An impairment 
review was carried out in accordance with IAS 38.

Our response

•  We reviewed the underlying purchase agreements associated with the transaction;
•  We evaluated and challenged management’s assumptions and judgements in assessing the fair value of identified 

assets and liabilities acquired in the transaction;

•  Obtained and analysed the business plans provided by management for each subject asset to determine whether 

the forecast cash flows are reasonable and supportable;

•  We performed sensitivity analysis to determine reasonableness of the input variables used in the model;
•  Assessed long term growth rates for reasonableness by reference to growth in GDP and projected inflation rates; 

and

•  We assessed the completeness and accuracy of the disclosures relating to goodwill and the annual impairment 
review  with  the  disclosure  requirements  included  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
IFRSs as adopted by European Union.

26

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Valuation of Equity securities at FVOCI (formerly known as available for sale financial assets) – Note 19

The Group has significant Equity securities at FVOCI, comprised of a portfolio of equity investments amounting to 
€14.1 million (US$16.2 million). These instruments are measured at fair value with the corresponding fair value change 
recognised in other comprehensive income. The valuation is performed by the Company using a Level 1 fair value 
hierarchy which are valuations based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets. This is one of the key judgmental 
area that our audit has concentrated on and the biggest asset of the Group.

Our response

For this risk, our audit procedures included testing of the following:

•  We evaluated whether the management expert has the necessary competence, capabilities and objectivity for the 

auditor’s purposes;

•  We  obtained  an  understanding  of  the  work  of  the  management  expert  and  evaluate  the  adequacy  of  the 
management expert’s work including the relevance and reasonableness of the management expert’s conclusions, 
the assumptions and methods adopted and the relevance, completeness and accuracy of any source data used;
•  We obtained market prices from published quotations at year end and recalculated the market value by multiplying 

the market price by the number of shares held; and 

•  We  assessed  the  completeness  and  accuracy  of  the  disclosures  relating  to  the  Valuation  of  Equity  securities  at 
FVOCI assets to assess compliance with disclosure requirements included in the consolidated financial statements 
in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by European Union.

Other information

Other information comprises information included in the Annual Report, other than the financial statements and our 
auditor’s report thereon, including the Chairman’s Report, Chief Executive’s Report and Directors’ Report. The directors are 
responsible for the other information. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, 
except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material 
inconsistencies in the financial statements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the 
financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we 
conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information; we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Matters on which we are required to report by the Companies Act 2014 
•  We have obtained all the information and explanations, which we consider necessary for the purposes of our audit.
•  In  our  opinion  the  accounting  records  of  the  Company  were  sufficient  to  permit  the  financial  statements  to  be 

readily and properly audited.

•  The financial statements are in agreement with the accounting records.
•  In our opinion, the information given in the Directors’ Report is consistent with the financial statements.
•  Based  solely  on  the  work  undertaken  in  the  course  of  our  audit,  in  our  opinion,  the  Directors’  report  has  been 

prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

Based on our knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the 

audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Directors Report.

Under the Companies Act 2014 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion, the disclosures of directors’ 

remuneration and transactions specified by section 305 to 312 of the Acts have not been made. We have no exceptions 
to report arising from this responsibility.

Responsibilities of the management and those charged with governance for the financial statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation of the financial statements which give a true and fair view in 

accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, and for such internal control as directors determine necessary 
to enable the preparation of financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

27

6.     INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO  THE MEMBERS

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group and Company’s ability to 

continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern 
basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group and Company or to cease operations, or 
has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group and Company’s financial reporting 

process.

Responsibilities of the auditor for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are 
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism 

throughout the audit. We also:

•  Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, 
design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and 
appropriate to provide a basis for their opinion.  The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from 
fraud  is  higher  than  for  one  resulting  from  error,  as  fraud  may  involve  collusion,  forgery,  intentional  omissions, 
misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

•  Obtain  an  understanding  of  internal  control  relevant  to  the  audit  in  order  to  design  audit  procedures  that  are 
appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the 
Group and Company’s internal control.

•  Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting  estimates  and 

related disclosures made by management.

•  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on 
the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast 
significant  doubt  on  the  Group  and  Company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern.  If  they  conclude  that  a 
material uncertainty exists, they are required to draw attention in the auditor’s report to the related disclosures in 
the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify their opinion. Their conclusions are based 
on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of the auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may 
cause the Group and Company to cease to continue as a going concern.

•  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and 
whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a matter that achieves a true 
and fair view.

28

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and 
timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that may be 
identified during the audit.

We report on the audit of a group, and we obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial 

information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the Group financial 
statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the audit, and we remain solely 
responsible for the auditor’s opinion.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that they have complied with relevant ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may 
reasonably be thought to bear on their independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of 
most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. 
These matters are described in the auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the 
matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determines that a matter should not be communicated in the 
report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest 
benefits of such communication.

The purpose of our audit work and to whom we owe our responsibilities

This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with section 391 of the Companies 
Act 2014. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are 
required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do 
not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our 
audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Cathal Kelly

For and on behalf of 
Grant Thornton 
Chartered Accountants 
& Statutory Audit Firm
13 – 18 City Quay
Dublin 2
Date: 20 June 2019

29

6.     INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO  THE MEMBERS

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

Administration expenses

Other (losses) / gains

Operating loss

Finance income

Finance costs

Loss for the financial year before tax

Note 

5

7

8

8

2018

€’000

(2,306)

(128)

(2,434)

448

(10)

(1,996)

2017

€’000

(1,298)

611

(687)

463

(9)

(233)

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

(2,723)

(166)

(2,889)

529

(12)

(2,372)

(1,463)

690

(773)

522

(11)

(262)

Income tax

13

-

-

-

-

Loss for the financial year from continuing operations

Loss for the financial year from discontinued operations

 36

(1,996)

(676)

(233)

(148)

(2,372)

(783)

(262)

(168)

Loss for the financial year

(2,672)

(381)

(3,155)

(430)

Loss for the financial year attributable to:

Owners of the parent

Non-controlling interest

Basic loss per share:

From continuing operations (cents)

From continuing and discontinued operations (cents)

Fully diluted loss per share:

From continuing operations (cents)

From continuing and discontinued operations (cents)

(2,356)

(316)

(2,672)

(381)

-

(381)

(2,783)

(372)

(3,155)

(430)

-

(430)

(€2.45)

(€3.28)

(€0.29)

(€0.47)

(US$2.91)

(US$3.87)

(US$0.32)

(US$0.53)

(€2.45)

(€3.28)

(€0.29)

(€0.47)

(US$2.91)

(US$3.87)

(US$0.32)

(US$0.53)

26

14

14

14

14

The accompanying notes on pages 40 to 76 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The Group has initially applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at 1 January 2018. Under the transition provisions, comparative information 

is not restated. Also refer to Note 35.

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/INCOME

Loss for the financial year

Other comprehensive (loss)/income:

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss

Fair value movement on equity securities at fair value through other 
comprehensive income (FVOCI)

Exchange movement on equity securities designated as at FVOCI

Net other comprehensive loss that will not be reclassified to profit 
or loss

Items that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

Foreign exchange gain/(loss) arising from translating foreign 
operations

Fair value movement on availableforsale financial assets previously 
classified under IAS 39

Exchange movement  on availableforsale financial assets on 
previously classified under IAS 39

Net other comprehensive (loss)/income that will be reclassified to 
profit or loss

Other comprehensive (loss)/income for the financial year

Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the financial year

Total comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to:

Owners of the parent

Non-controlling interest

2018

Note 

€’000

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

(2,672)

(381)

(3,155)

(430)

19

19

19

19

26

(1,911)

(437)

(2,348)

-

-

-

(2,256)

(516)

(2,772)

-

-

-

738

(3,202)

(425)

(459)

-

-

738

(1,610)

(4,282)

1,447

1,068

(687)

(687)

(1,068)

(3,937)

(1,068)

(345)

(4,282)

-

(381)

-

-

(425)

(3,197)

(6,352)

(5,979)

(373)

(6,352)

1,634

1,212

2,387

2,387

1,957

1,957

-

(430)

The accompanying notes on pages 40 to 76 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The Group has initially applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at 1 January 2018. Under the transition provisions, comparative information 

is not restated. Also refer to Note 35.

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.     INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO  THE MEMBERS

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Share capital

Treasury share 
reserve 

Foreign currency 
translation 
reserve

Share based 
payment reserve

Other reserves

Retained 
earnings 

Total 
attributable to 
owners of parent

Non-controlling 
interest

Note 

€’000

€’000

€’000

€’000

€’000

€’000

€’000

€’000

At 1 January 2018

Comprehensive loss:

Loss for the year

Other comprehensive (loss)/income:

Fair value movement on equity securities designated as at FVOCI

Exchange movement on equity securities designated as at FVOCI

Foreign exchange (loss)/gain arising from translation of financial statements of a 
foreign operations

Total comprehensive (loss)/income

Transactions with owners of the Company

Share based payments expired during the financial year

Total transactions with owners of the Company 

Changes in ownership interest

Acquisition of subsidiary with NCI 

Total changes in ownership interests 

Balance at 31 December 2018

At 1 January 2017

Comprehensive loss:

Loss for the  year

Other comprehensive (loss)/income:

Fair value movement on availableforsale financial assets previously classified 
under IAS 39

Exchange movement  on availableforsale financial assets previously classified 
under IAS 39

Foreign operations – foreign currency translation differences

Total comprehensive loss

Transactions with owners of the Company

Share based payments expired during the year

Total transactions with owners of the Company

Balance at 31 December 2017

 25 

 25 

 25

 25 

 26 & 33

 25

 25 

 25 

25

11,057

(547)

3,745

438

5,878

1,832

22,403

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11,057

11,057

(547)

(547)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11,057

(547)

-

-

-

767

767

-

-

-

-

-

4,512

6,947

-

-

-

(3,202)

(3,202)

-

-

3,745

-

-

-

-

-

(438)

(438)

-

-

-

--

(2,356)

(2,356)

(1,911)

(437)

-

(2,348)

-

438

438

-

-

-

-

-

(2,356)

-

-

-

-

-

(1,911)

(437)

767

(3,937)

-

-

-

-

-

3,968

             (524)

18,466

1,294

2,507

-

-

-

-

-

(856)

(856)

438

-

1,447

1,068

-

2,515

856

856

5,878

2,213

(381)

-

-

-

(381)

-

-

23,471

(381)

1,447

1,068

(3,302)

(1,068)

-

-

1,832

22,403

-

(316)

-

-

(29)

(345)

-

-

-

2,505

2,505

2,160

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The accompanying notes on pages 40 to 76 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

The Group has initially applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at 1 January 2018. Under the transition provisions, 

comparative information is not restated. Also refer to Note 35.

32

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.     INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO  THE MEMBERS

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

At 1 January 2018

Comprehensive loss

Loss for the financial year

Total comprehensive loss

Transactions with owners of the Company

Share based payments expired during the financial 
year (refer Note 31)

Total transactions with owners of the Company 

At 31 December 2018

11,057

1,305

Ordinary 
Share  
capital

€’000

11,057

Other 
reserves

Share 
based 
payments 
reserve

€’000

867

€’000

438

-

-

-

-

-

-

438

438

-

-

(438)

(438)

-

Retained 
earnings 

Total 
(attributable 
to owners of 
the parent)

€’000

11,786

(4,696)

(4,696)

-

-

€’000

24,148

(4,696)

(4,696)

-

-

7,090

19,452

At 1 January 2017

Comprehensive income

Profit for the financial year

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners of the Company

Share based payments expired during the financial 
year (refer Note 31)

Total transactions with owners of the Company 

11,057

11

1,294

11,553

23,915

-

-

-

-

-

-

856

856

867

-

-

(856)

(856)

438

233

233

-

-

233

233

-

-

11,786

24,148

At 31 December 2017

11,057

The accompanying notes on pages 40 to 76 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The Company has initially applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at 1 January 2018. Under the transition provisions, comparative 

information is not restated. Also refer to Note 35

34

 
 
  
OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

Assets

Non-current assets

Goodwill

Other intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Equity securities at FVOCI

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Assets included in the disposal group classified as held for sale

Total assets

Equity and liabilities

Equity attributable to owners of the parent

Ordinary shares

Treasury share reserve

Other reserves

Foreign currency translation reserve

Share based payment reserve

(Deficit)/retained earnings 

Equity attributable to owners of the parent

 Non-controlling interest 

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Total current liabilities

Liabilities included in the disposal group classified as held for sale

2018

€’000

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

Note 

15

16

17

19

20

21

22

36

23

23

25

25

25

24

26

27

28

36

3,994 

958 

3 

14,172 

19,127 

179 

191 

1,823 

2,193 

-   

-   

3

  15,868 

  15,871 

- 

35 

5,546 

5,581 

4,575 

1,097 

4 

  16,233 

  21,909 

205 

219 

2,088 

2,512 

-   

-   

4 

19,008 

19,012 

-

42 

6,643 

6,685 

481 

997   

21,801 

22,449 

551 

24,972 

1,465   

27,162 

11,057 

11,057 

15,586 

15,586 

(547) 

3,968

4,512

-

(524) 

(547) 

5,878

3,745

438

1,832 

18,466 

22,403 

2,160 

-   

20,626 

22,403 

178

989 

1,167 

8

41 

-   

41 

5   

(607) 

4,605

1,082

-

474 

21,140

2,488 

23,628

202 

1,133 

1,335 

9

(607)

6,585

1,494

792

3,257 

27,107 

-

  27,107 

49 

-   

49 

6

Total equity and liabilities 

21,801 

22,449 

24,972

27,162 

The accompanying notes on pages 40 to 76 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The Group has initially applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at 1 January 2018. Under the transition provisions, comparative information 

is not restated. Also refer to Note 35.

Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors on 20 June 2019

Timothy McCutcheon

Director

Kirill Golovanov

Director

35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.     INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO  THE MEMBERS

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

Assets

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Financial assets

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Total assets

Equity and Liabilities

Equity

Ordinary shares

Retained earnings

Other reserves

Share based payment reserve

Foreign currency translation reserve

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Total current liabilities

Note 

17

18

21

22

23

24

25

25

25

27

2018

€’000

1 

24,116 

24,117

580

929 

1,509 

25,626 

11,057 

7,090 

1,305   

-

-   

2 

27,145 

27,147 

699 

2,837 

3,536 

30,683 

11,057 

11,786 

867

438

-   

19,452

24,148 

6,174 

6,174 

6,535 

6,535 

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

1 

27,625

27,626

665

1,064 

1,729 

29,355

15,586 

12,583

1,780   

-  

(7,666)

22,283

7,072 

7,072 

3 

28,599 

28,602 

837 

3,398 

4,235 

32,837 

15,586 

18,129 

1,041

739

(10,486)

25,009

7,828 

7,828 

Total equity and liabilities

25,626 

30,683

29,355

32,837

The accompanying notes on pages 40 to 76 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The Company has initially applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at 1 January 2018. Under the transition provisions, comparative 

information is not restated. Also refer to Note 35.

Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors on 20 June 2019

Timothy McCutcheon

Director

Kirill Golovanov

Director

36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

Note 

17

17

8

28

Cash flows from operating activities

Continuing operations

Loss for the financial year before tax

Adjustments for:

Impairment of tangible fixed assets

Depreciation

Net finance income

Changes in:

(Increase)/decrease in inventories

Increase in trade and other receivables

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables 

Net cash used in operating activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Bank borrowing received

Bank interest paid

Bank interest received

Net cash generated from/(used in) financing 
activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Dividends received from equity accounted 
investees

Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired

33

Net cash (used in)/generated from investing 
activities

2018

€’000

(2,672)

444

30

(438)

(147)

(120)

65

(2,838)

989

(10)

4

983

444

(2,475)

(2,031)

(381)

-

37

(452)

52

(6)

(171)

(921)

-

(11)

-

(11)

463

-

463

Effects of foreign exchange

184

(723)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of 
financial year

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of 
financial year

Cash and cash equivalents included in the 
disposal group

Cash and cash equivalents for continuing 
operation

22

22

36

22

(3,702)

5,549

(1,192)

6,741

1,847

5,549

24

3

1,823

5,546

2,088

6,685

The accompanying notes on pages 40 to 76 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The Group has initially applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at 1 January 2018. Under the transition provisions, comparative information 

is not restated. Also refer to Note 35.

37

(3,155)

509

36

(517)

(168)

(134)

69

(430)

-

(41)

(510)

54

(12)

(174)

(3,307)

(1,113)

1,130

(12)

5

1,123

524

(2,808)

(2,284)

(64)

(4,532)

6,647

2,115

27

-

(12)

-

(12)

522

-

522

148

(455)

7,102

6,647

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.     INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO  THE MEMBERS

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

Note 

24

18

17

Cash flows from operating activities

(Loss)/profit  for the financial year before tax

Adjustments for

Impairment of investments in subsidiaries

Depreciation

Net finance expense

Changes in

Decrease/(increase) in trade and other ‘receivables

(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables

Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Net finance expense

Net cash used in financing activities

Effects of foreign exchange

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash ‘equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year

22

2018

€’000

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

(4,696)

233

(5,546)

262

3,029

1

3

119

(361)

(1,905)

(3)

(3)

-

(1,908)

2,837

929

-

1

4

93

2,352

2,683

(4)

(4)

-

2,679

158

2,837

974

2

3

172

(756)

(2,548)

(3)

(3)

2,820

(2,334)

3,398

1,064

-

1

5

(3)

3,421

3,686

(5)

(5)

(449)

3,232

166

3,398

The accompanying notes on pages 40 to 76 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The Company has initially applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at 1 January 2018. Under the transition provisions, comparative 

information is not restated. Also refer to Note 35.

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39

7.

NOTES 
TO THE 
FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS

OVOCA BIO PLC (FORMERLY OVOCA GOLD PLC)
ANNUAL REPORT 
FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 
ENDED  31 DECEMBER 2018

40

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

1

General Information

Ovoca Bio plc (formerly Ovoca Gold plc) (“the Company”) is a public limited company incorporated in Ireland on 15 January 
1985. The address of its registered office and principal place of business is 17 Pembroke Street Upper Dublin 2, Ireland.

These consolidated financial statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2018 consolidate the individual financial 
statements of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as ‘the Group’). 

The Group’s activity is that of a bio-technology company and the exploration for precious metals and other minerals in Russia. 
The Directors have reviewed the financial position of the Group and are satisfied that the Group will continue to operate for 
the foreseeable future.

On 21 April 1987, the Company’s shares were admitted to trading on the Irish Stock Exchange Enterprise Securities Market 
(ESM) (subsequently renamed the Euronext Growth Market) and on 30 June 2005 to the London Stock Exchange’s Alternative 
Investment Market (AIM).

On 25 September 2018, the Group obtained control of IVIX LLC by acquiring 50.02% of their ordinary share capital and therefore 
has been consolidated into these financial statements in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations, further information 
relating to the acquisition is found in Note 33 of these consolidated financial statements.

2

Statement of Accounting Policies

The  following  accounting  policies  have  been  applied  consistently  in  dealing  with  items,  which  are  considered  material  in 
relation to the Group’s financial statements. 

Statement of compliance 

The consolidated and Company financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRS) and their interpretations approved by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as adopted by the 
European Union (EU) and Irish Statute comprising the Companies Act, 2014. 

The Company has availed of the exemption in Section 304(2) of the Companies Act, 2014 not to present its individual Income 
Statement and related notes that form part of the approved Company financial statements.

The Company has also availed of the exemption from filing its individual Income statement with the Registrar of Companies as 
permitted by Section 304(2)(c) of the Companies Act, 2014.

The IFRSs adopted by the EU as applied by the Company and the Group in the preparation of these financial statements are 
those that were effective at 31 December 2018.

Basis of preparation 

The Group and Company financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis as modified by the measurement at fair 
value of certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit and loss and fair value through other comprehensive 
income. The accounting policies have been applied consistently by Group entities.

Basis of consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  Ovoca  Bio  plc  (formerly  Ovoca  Gold  plc)  (“the 
Company”) and its subsidiaries (“the Group”) for the financial year ended 31 December 2018. 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable 
returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. 
Specifically, the Group controls an investee if, and only if, the Group has:

•  Power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee);

•  Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and

•  The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns.

Generally, when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant 
facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:

•  The contractual arrangement(s) with the other vote holders of the investee;

•  Rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and

•  The Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights.

41

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one 
or more of the three elements of control. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date that control commences until the 
date that control ceases. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with 
the policies adopted by the Group. Intra-group balances and any unrealised gains or losses or income or expenses arising from 
intra-group transactions are eliminated in preparing the Group financial statements. 

Business combinations and goodwill

The acquisition of subsidiaries is accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the 
aggregate of the fair value, at the date of exchange, of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or 
assumed.  The  acquiree’s  identifiable  assets  and  liabilities  that  meet  the  conditions  for  recognition  under  IFRS  3  Business 
Combinations  are  recognised  at  their  fair  values  at  the  acquisition  date.  Acquisition-related  costs  are  recognised  in  the 
consolidated statement of profit or loss as incurred.

Goodwill arising on acquisition is recognised as an asset and initially measured at cost, being the excess of the cost of the 
business combination over the Group’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities 
recognised.  If,  after  reassessment,  the  Group’s  interest  in  the  acquisition-date  net  fair  value  of  the  acquiree’s  identifiable 
assets and liabilities exceeds the cost of the business combination, the excess is recognised immediately in the consolidated 
statement of profit or loss.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment 
testing,  goodwill  acquired  in  a  business  combination  is,  from  the  acquisition  date,  allocated  to  each  of  the  Group’s  cash-
generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the 
acquiree are assigned to those units. 

Where goodwill has been allocated to a cash-generating unit (CGU) and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, 
the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the 
gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed in these circumstances is measured based on the relative values of the disposed 
operation and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.

The non-controlling interest in the acquiree is initially measured at the Non-Controlling Interests (NCIs) fair value as determined 
by an independent valuation.

Functional and presentation currency 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  Euro  Thousand  (€’000),  which  is  also  the  Company’s  functional 
currency. The US$ Thousand ($’000) equivalent is shown for information purposes. Each entity in the Group determines its 
own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional 
currency.

Interest income

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, 
which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that 
asset’s net carrying amount. 

Operating expenses

Operating expenses are recognised in profit or loss upon utilisation of the service or as incurred. 

Foreign currencies 

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into Euro at the exchange rate ruling at the 
statement of financial position date. Revenues, costs and non-monetary assets are translated at the exchange rates ruling at 
the dates of the transactions. Exchange differences are dealt with through the income statement. 

Non-monetary items are not retranslated at year-end and are measured at historical cost (translated using the exchange rates 
at the transaction date), except for non-monetary items measured at fair value which are translated using the exchange rates 
at the date when fair value was determined.

On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of overseas subsidiary companies are translated into Euro at the rates of exchange 
prevailing  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  date.  Exchange  differences  arising  from  the  restatement  of  the  opening 
statements  of  financial  position  of  these  subsidiary  companies  are  dealt  with  through  reserves.  The  operating  results  of 
overseas subsidiary companies are translated into Euro at the average rates applicable during the year. 

On the disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount of the exchange differences relating to that foreign operation, 
recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the separate component of equity, shall be reclassified from 
equity to the income statement when the gain or loss on disposal is recognised. 

42

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Taxation 

Taxation on the profit or loss for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Taxation is recognised in the income statement except 
to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case the related tax is recognised directly in equity.

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the period, using tax rates and laws that have been enacted 
or substantially enacted at the statement of financial position date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous 
periods.

Deferred tax is provided on the basis of the liability method on temporary differences at the statement of financial position 
date. Temporary differences are defined as the difference between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying 
amounts in the financial statements. However, deferred tax is not accounted for, if it arises from initial recognition of an asset 
or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting 
nor taxable profit or loss, or where, in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, 
joint ventures and associates, the timing and reversal of the temporary differences is subject to control by the Group and it is 
probable that reversal will not occur in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not subject to discounting 
and are measured at the tax rates that are anticipated to apply in the period in which the asset is realised or the liability is 
settled based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the statement of financial position 
date. The carrying amounts of deferred tax assets are subject to review at each year end date and are reduced to the extent that 
future taxable profits are considered to be inadequate to allow all or part of any deferred tax asset to be utilised.

Operating leases 

Operating lease rentals are charged to the income statement on a straight line basis over the lease term. 

Inventories

Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realisable value.

Financial instruments

Recognition and derecognition

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of 
the financial instrument.

Financial  assets  are  derecognised  when  the  contractual  rights  to  the  cash  flows  from  the  financial  asset  expire,  or  when 
the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards are transferred. A financial liability is derecognised when it is 
extinguished, discharged, cancelled or expires.

Financial Assets

Except for those trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component and are measured at the transaction 
price in accordance with IFRS 15, all financial assets are initially measured at fair value adjusted for transaction costs (where 
applicable). 

Financial assets, other than those designated and effective as hedging instruments, are classified into the following categories: 

•  amortised cost

•  fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

•  fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) with recycling of cumulative gains (debt instruments) and losses or 

with no recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon derecognition (equity instruments).

The classification is determined by both:

•  the entity’s business model for managing the financial asset

•  the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

All income and expenses relating to financial assets that are recognised in profit or loss are presented within finance costs, 
finance income or other financial items, except for impairment of trade receivables which is presented within other expenses.

Subsequent measurement of financial assets

Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are measured at amortised cost if the assets meet the following conditions (and are not designated as FVTPL):

•  they are held within a business model whose objective is to hold the financial assets and collect its contractual cash flows

43

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

•  the contractual terms of the financial assets give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the 

principal amount outstanding

After  initial  recognition,  these  are  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method.  Discounting  is  omitted 
where the effect of discounting is immaterial. 

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, other debtors and amounts owed by group undertakings under trade and other 
receivables fall into this category of financial instruments.

Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI (equity instruments) 

Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity instruments designated at 
fair value through OCI when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not 
held for trading. The classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis. 

Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognised as other income in 
the statement of profit or loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Group benefits from such 
proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in OCI. 

Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment assessment. 

The Group elected to classify irrevocably its equity investments under this category.

Impairment of financial assets

IFRS 9’s impairment requirements use more forward-looking information to recognise expected credit losses – the ‘expected 
credit loss (ECL) model’. This replaces IAS 39’s ‘incurred loss model’. Instruments within the scope of the new requirements 
included loans and other debt-type financial assets measured at amortised cost and FVOCI, trade receivables, contract assets 
recognised and measured under IFRS 15 and loan commitments and some financial guarantee contracts (for the issuer) that 
are not measured at fair value through profit or loss. 

Recognition of credit losses is no longer dependent on the Company first identifying a credit loss event. Instead the Company 
considers  a  broader  range  of  information  when  assessing  credit  risk  and  measuring  expected  credit  losses,  including  past 
events, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the expected collectability of the future cash flows 
of the instrument.

In applying this forward-looking approach, a distinction is made between:

•  financial instruments that have not deteriorated significantly in credit quality since initial recognition or that have low credit 

risk (‘Stage 1’) and 

•  financial instruments that have deteriorated significantly in credit quality since initial recognition and whose credit risk is 

not low (‘Stage 2’).

• 

‘Stage 3’ would cover financial assets that have objective evidence of impairment at the reporting date. 

 ‘12-month expected credit losses’ are recognised for the first category while ‘lifetime expected credit losses’ are recognised 
for the second category.

Measurement of the expected credit losses is determined by a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses over the expected 
life of the financial instrument.

Previous financial asset impairment under IAS 39

In the prior year, the impairment of trade receivables was based on the incurred loss model. Individually significant receivables 
were  considered  for  impairment  when  they  were  past  due  or  when  other  objective  evidence  was  received  that  a  specific 
counterparty  will  default.  Receivables  that  were  not  considered  to  be  individually  impaired  were  reviewed  for  impairment 
in  groups,  which  are  determined  by  reference  to  the  industry  and  region  of  the  counterparty  and  other  shared  credit  risk 
characteristics. The impairment loss estimate was then based on recent historical counterparty default rates for each identified 
group.

Trade and other receivables and contract assets

The Company makes use of a simplified approach in accounting for trade and other receivables as well as contract assets 
and records the loss allowance as lifetime expected credit losses. These are the expected shortfalls in contractual cash flows, 
considering the potential for default at any point during the life of the financial instrument. In calculating, the Company uses 
its historical experience, external indicators and forward-looking information to calculate the expected credit losses using a 
provision matrix. 

The Parent applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss 
allowance  for  all  trade  and  other  receivables  with  the  exception  amounts  due  from  subsidiary  undertakings   which  are 
measured using the general approach.

44

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

The Company assess impairment of trade receivables on a collective basis as they possess shared credit risk characteristics they 
have been grouped based on the days past due. Refer to Note 17 for a detailed analysis of how the impairment requirements 
of IFRS 9 are applied.

Classification and measurement of financial liabilities

As the accounting for financial liabilities remains largely the same under IFRS 9 compared to IAS 39, the Company’s financial 
liabilities were not impacted by the adoption of IFRS 9. However, for completeness, the accounting policy is disclosed below.

Financial  liabilities  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value,  and,  where  applicable,  adjusted  for  transaction  costs  unless  the 
Company designated a financial liability at fair value through profit or loss. 

Subsequently, financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method except for derivatives and 
financial liabilities designated at FVTPL, which are carried subsequently at fair value with gains or losses recognised in profit or 
loss (other than derivative financial instruments that are designated and effective as hedging instruments).

All  interest-related  charges  and,  if  applicable,  changes  in  an  instrument’s  fair  value  that  are  reported  in  profit  or  loss  are 
included within finance costs or finance income.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables and borrowings.

A  financial  liability  is  derecognised  when  the  obligation  under  the  liability  is  discharged  or  cancelled  or  expires.  When  an 
existing  financial  liability  is  replaced  by  another  from  the  same  lender  on  substantially  different  terms,  or  the  terms  of  an 
existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original 
liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement 
of profit or loss.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between 
market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction 
to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either: 

•  In the principal market for the asset or liability; or 

•  In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability 

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Group. 

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the 
asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. 

  A  fair  value  measurement  of  a  non-financial  asset  takes  into  account  a  market  participant’s  ability  to  generate  economic 
benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in 
its highest and best use. 

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to 
measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position are grouped into three 
levels of a fair value hierarchy. The three levels are defined based on the observability of significant inputs to the measurement, 
as follows:

•  Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

•  Level 2: valuation techniques for which the lowest level of inputs which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value 

are observable, either directly or indirectly

•  Level 3: valuation techniques for which the lowest level of inputs that have a significant effect on the recorded fair value are 

not based on observable market data.

For  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  recognised  in  the  financial  statements  at  fair  value  on  a  recurring  basis,  the  Company 
determines when transfers are deemed to have occurred between levels in the hierarchy at the end of each reporting date.

Equity securities measured FVOCI are measured at Level 1. There were no transfers between Levels in 2018 and 2017.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash  balances  and  call  deposits,  including  bank  deposits  of  less  than  three  months 
maturity.  Bank  overdrafts  that  are  repayable  on  demand  and  form  an  integral  part  of  the  Group’s  cash  management  are 
included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows. 

45

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Investments in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are measured at cost less accumulated impairment.

Intangibles

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a 
business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried 
at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding 
capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in profit or loss in the period in 
which the expenditure is incurred. 

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. 

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there 
is  an  indication  that  the  intangible  asset  may  be  impaired.  The  amortisation  period  and  the  amortisation  method  for  an 
intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful 
life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the 
amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense 
on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the expense category that is consistent 
with the function of the intangible assets. 

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at 
the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life 
continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis. 

An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic 
benefits  are  expected  from  its  use  or  disposal.  Any  gain  or  loss  arising  upon  derecognition  of  the  asset  (calculated  as  the 
difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit or 
loss. 

Research and development costs

Expenditure  on  the  research  phase  of  projects  to  develop  new  pharmaceutical  products  is  recognised  as  an  expense  as 
incurred.

Costs that are directly attributable to a project’s development phase are recognised as intangible assets, provided they meet 
the following recognition requirements:

•  the development costs can be measured reliably

•  the project is technically and commercially feasible

•  the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete the project

•  the Company has the ability to use or sell the software

•  the software will generate probable future economic benefits.

Development costs not meeting these criteria for capitalisation are expensed as incurred.

Directly attributable costs include employee costs incurred on product development along with an appropriate portion of 
relevant overheads.

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated 
amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the 
asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. During the period of development, the asset 
is tested for impairment annually.

Patents and licences 

The Group have patents acquired through business combination and have been granted for a period of 10 years by the relevant 
government  agency  with  the  option  of  renewal  at  the  end  of  this  period.  Licences  for  the  use  of  intellectual  property  are 
granted for periods ranging between five and ten years depending on the specific licences. The licences may be renewed at 
little or no cost to the Group. As a result, those licences are assessed as having an indefinite useful life.

46

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

A summary of policies applied to the Group’s intangible assets is, as follows:

Useful lives

Amortisation method 
used and rates

Internally generated or 
acquired

Goodwill

Indefinite

Licences

Indefinite

Patents

Finite

Development costs

Finite

No amortisation but 
subject to impairment

No amortisation but 
subject to impairment

Amortised on a straight-
line basis over the period 
of 
the patent

Amortised on a straight-line 
basis over the period of 
expected future sales from 
the related project 

Acquired

Acquired

Acquired

Internally generated

Deferred exploration costs

In accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard 6 - Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, the 
Group uses the cost method of recognition. Exploration costs include licence costs, survey, geophysical and geological analysis 
and evaluation costs, costs of drilling and project-related overheads. 

Exploration  expenditure  in  respect  of  properties  and  licenses  not  in  production  is  deferred  and  is  carried  forward  in  the 
statement of financial position under intangible assets in respect of each area of interest where: 

•  the operations are ongoing in the area of interest and exploration or evaluation activities have not reached a stage which 

permits a reasonable assessment of the existence or otherwise of economically recoverable reserves; or 

•  such  costs  are  expected  to  be  recouped  through  successful  development  and  exploration  of  the  area  of  interest  or 

alternatively by its realisation. 

When the Directors decide that no further expenditure on an area of interest is worthwhile, the related expenditure is written 
off or down to an amount which it considers represents the residual value of the Group’s interest therein. 

Property, plant and equipment and depreciation 

Property,  plant  &  equipment  are  stated  at  cost,  less  accumulated  depreciation.  No  depreciation  is  provided  on  land. 
Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost less residual value of each asset over its expected useful life, 
which are reviewed each financial year, as follows: 

Mining equipment  

- 20% Straight line

Office furniture and equipment  

- 10% Straight line

Fixtures and Fittings  

- 20% Straight line

Buildings   

- 2% Straight line

The assets’ residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or 
if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date,

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the carrying amount and are recognised in the Consolidated 
Statement of comprehensive income.

Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to 
determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists then the asset’s recoverable amount is 
estimated. For intangible assets that have indefinite lives or that are not yet available for use, recoverable amount is estimated 
at each reporting date.

An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  if  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  or  its  cash-generating  unit  exceeds  its  recoverable 
amount. A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable asset group that is expected to generate cash flows that largely are 
independent from other assets and groups. Impairment losses are recognised in the income statement. Impairment losses 
recognised  in  respect  of  cash-generating  units  are  allocated  first  to  reduce  the  carrying  amount  of  any  goodwill  allocated 
to the units and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis. The 
recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In 
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risk specific to the asset. With the exception of 
goodwill, all assets are subsequently reassessed for indications that an impairment loss previously recognised may no longer 
exist. An impairment loss is reversed if the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s recoverable amount exceeds its carrying amount.

47

 
 
 
 
7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Equity and reserves 

Ordinary shares represents the nominal (par) value of shares that have been issued. Share premium includes any premiums 
received on issue of share capital. Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted from share premium.

Treasury shares are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. 

Other reserves comprise of the gains and losses including its foreign exchange movement relating to available for sale financial 
assets equity instruments and transfers of expired share based payment reserve to other reserve.

Foreign currency translation reserve comprises translation differences arising from the translation of the financial statements 
of the Group’s foreign entities into euro.

Retained earnings include all current and prior period retained profits. All transactions with owners of the parent are recorded 
separately within equity.

Share based payments 

Employees (including Directors) of the Group may be entitled to remuneration in the form of share- based payment transactions, 
whereby employees render service in exchange for shares or rights over shares. Details of the Group’s share option scheme are 
set out in Note 28 of the consolidated financial statements. 

For  any  share  options  granted,  the  fair  value  of  the  option  is  recognised  as  an  expense  in  the  income  statement  with  a 
corresponding increase in equity. The fair value is measured at grant date excluding the impact of non-market conditions and 
spread over the period during which the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options. The amount recognised 
as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of share options that are expected to vest where vesting conditions are 
non-market conditions. When the options are exercised, the proceeds received, net of any directly attributable transaction 
costs, are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium.

Earnings per share 

The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing 
the income or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares 
outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the income or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders 
and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which 
comprise convertible notes and share options granted to employees. 

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions are recognized when present obligations as a result of a past event will probably lead to an outflow of economic 
resources from the Group and amounts can be estimated reliably. Timing or amount of the outflow may still be uncertain. A 
present obligation arises from the presence of legal or constructive commitment that has resulted from past events. Provisions 
are measured at the estimated expenditure required to settle the present obligation, based on the most reliable evidence 
available at the reporting date, including the risks and uncertainties associated with the present obligation. Provisions are 
discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material. All provisions are reviewed at each statement of 
financial position date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

Assets Held for Sale

The  Group  classifies  non-current  assets  and  disposal  groups  as  held  for  sale  if  their  carrying  amounts  will  be  recovered 
principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as 
held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Costs to sell are the incremental 
costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset (disposal group), excluding finance costs and income tax expense. 

The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal 
group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Actions required to complete the sale should indicate that it is 
unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be 
committed to the plan to sell the asset and the sale expected to be completed within one year from the date of the classification. 

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortised once classified as held for sale. 

Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately as current items in the statement of financial position. 

A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operation if it is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of, or is 
classified as held for sale, and: 

•  Represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations 

•  Is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or 

•  Is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale 

48

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit 
or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit or loss. 

Additional disclosures are provided in Note 36. All other notes to the financial statements include amounts for continuing 
operations, unless indicated otherwise.

Significant management judgment in applying accounting policies and estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect 
the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The judgments, estimates and assumptions used 
in the financial statements are based upon management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date 
of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and the effect of any change in estimates will be 
adjusted in the financial statements when they become reasonably determinable. 

Judgments, estimates and assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, 
including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under these circumstances. 

Judgments

In the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, management has made the following judgments, apart from 
those involving estimations, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

Control assessment in a business combination

As disclosed in Note 33, the Group owned 50.02% of IVIX LLC at 31 December 2018 (and subsequently exercised its option in 
March 2019 to acquire a further participation interest in IVIX, bringing its interest to 59.84% - see Note 37). Management has 
assessed its involvement in the newly acquired company in accordance with IFRS 10’s revised control definition and guidance 
and has concluded that it has control over that newly acquired company.  

Assets held for sale 

On 4 July 2018, the Board of Directors announced its decision to dispose the exploration segment of the Group located in Russia 
consisting of CJSC Bulun, Magsel, LLC and Comtrans, LLC, all are wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, are classified as 
assets held for disposal during the financial year. The Board considered the subsidiaries to meet the criteria to be classified as 
held for sale at that date for the following reasons: 

•  CJSC Bulun, Magsel, LLC and Comtrans, LLC are available for immediate sale and can be sold to the buyer in its current 

condition.

•  The  actions  to  complete  the  sale  were  initiated  and  expected  to  be  completed  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  initial 

classification.

•  The shareholders approved the plan to sell on 7 February 2019.

For more details on the discontinued operation, refer to Note 36.

Determining the Group’s functional currency 

The  determination  of  a  company’s  functional  currency  often  requires  significant  judgement  where  the  primary  economic 
environment on which it operates may not be clear. Based on the economic substance of the underlying circumstances relevant 
to the Company, the functional currency of the Company has been determined to be the Euro. The Euro is the currency of the 
primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Determining classification of financial instruments

The Group classifies a financial instrument, or its component parts, on initial recognition as a financial asset, a financial liability 
or an equity instrument in accordance with the substance of the contractual agreement and the definitions of a financial asset, 
a financial liability or an equity instrument. The substance of a financial instrument, rather than its legal form, governs its 
classification in the financial statements.

Estimation uncertainty 

Information about estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on recognition and measurement of assets, 
liabilities, income and expenses is provided below. Actual results may be substantially different.

Estimating allowance for impairment on inventories

Management estimates the net realisable values of inventories, taking into account the most reliable evidence available at 
each reporting date. The future realisation of these inventories may be affected by future technology or other market-driven 
changes that may reduce future selling prices.

49

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Estimating measurement of Expected Credit Losses (ECL) allowance for trade receivables

The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified model of recognising lifetime expected credit losses for all trade receivables as these 
items do not have a significant financing component. In measuring the expected credit losses, the trade receivables have been 
assessed on a collective basis as they possess shared credit risk characteristics.

Useful lives of depreciable assets 

The annual depreciation charge depends primarily on the estimated lives of each type of asset and, in certain circumstances, 
estimates of fair values and residual values. The directors annually review these asset lives and adjust them as necessary to 
reflect  current  thinking  on  remaining  lives  in  light  of  technological  change,  prospective  economic  utilisation  and  physical 
condition of the assets concerned. Changes in asset lives can have significant impact on depreciation charges for the period. 
It is not practical to quantify the impact of changes in asset lives on an overall basis, as asset lives are individually determined, 
and there are a significant number of asset lives in use. The impact of any change would vary significantly depending on the 
individual changes in assets and the classes of assets impacted.

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Determining whether non-financial assets are impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the cash generating units 
to which the assets have been allocated. The value in use calculation requires the directors to estimate the future cash flows 
to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value. Where the actual cash 
flows are less than expected, a material impairment may arise.

Measurement of the recoverable amounts of deferred exploration costs 

In accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard 6 - Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, the 
Group uses the cost method of recognition. Exploration costs include licence costs, survey, geophysical and geological analysis 
and evaluation costs, costs of drilling and project-related overheads. The Directors base the recoverability of the carrying value 
of these intangible assets on industry specific data in addition to using their judgment to assess the assets recoverability.

Utilisation of tax losses 

The Directors have not deemed it appropriate to recognise deferred tax assets resulting from significant losses being carried 
forward from previous years on the basis that it is not certain these losses will be utilized in future periods. 

Fair value measurement 

Management uses valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active market quotes are 
not  available)  and  non-financial  assets.  This  involves  developing  estimates  and  assumptions  consistent  with  how  market 
participants would price the instrument. Management bases its assumptions on observable data as far as possible but this is 
not always available. In that case management uses the best information available. Estimated fair values may vary from the 
actual prices that would be achieved in an arm’s length transaction at the reporting date. 

New Standards adopted as at 1 January 2018

In 2018 the Group has adopted new guidance for the recognition of revenue (IFRS 15) from contracts with customers. The 
Company have assessed that the change in the amount of revenue recognized under IFRS 15, is not materially different to that 
recognised under IAS 18 and therefore, there is no impact to either retained earnings or, the profit or loss.

Further, the Group has adopted new guidance for accounting for financial instruments (see Note 35). The Group have assessed 
that the change in the recognition and measurement of financial instruments under IFRS 9, is not materially different to that 
recognised under IAS 9 and therefore, there is no impact to either retained earnings or, the profit or loss

Standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that are not yet effective and have not been adopted by 
the Group

At  the  date  of  authorisation  of  these  financial  statements,  certain  new  standards,  and  amendments  to  existing  standards 
have been published by IASB that are not yet effective. The Company has not early adopted any of these pronouncements. 
Information on those expected to be relevant to the Company’s financial statements is provided below. 

Management anticipates that all relevant pronouncements will be adopted in the Company’s accounting policies for the first 
period beginning after the effective date of the pronouncement. New standards, interpretations and amendments not either 
adopted or listed below are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. 

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ 

IFRS 16 will replace IAS 17 ‘Leases’ and three related Interpretations. It completes the IASB’s long-running project to overhaul 
lease accounting. Leases will be recorded in the statement of financial position in the form of a right-of-use asset and a lease 
liability.  There  are  two  important  reliefs  provided  by  IFRS  16  for  assets  of  low  value  and  short-term  leases  of  less  than  12 
months. 

IFRS 16 is effective from periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019. Early adoption is permitted; however, the Company have 
decided not to early adopt. The effect of this standard is not expected to materially impact the Company on the grounds that 
the Company has no material leases.

50

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

3

Going concern

The Directors have reviewed the current state of the Group’s finances, taking into account resources currently available. 
The Directors are satisfied that sufficient funding will be available to the Group to enable it to trade for the foreseeable 
future. On this basis the directors consider that it is appropriate to prepare the financial statements on the going concern 
basis. The Directors consider that in preparing the financial statements they have taken into account all information that 
could reasonably be expected to be available. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that would result 
if the Director’s plans were not successful.

4

Segmental reporting

Information regarding the Group’s operating segments is set out below in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating Segments. 
IFRS  8  requires  operating  segments  to  be  identified  on  the  basis  of  internal  reports  that  are  regularly  reviewed  by  the 
Group’s chief operating decision maker and used to allocate resources to the segments and to assess their performance

(a) Primary reporting format - business segments

At  31  December  2018,  the  Group  had  two  business  segments,  bio-pharmaceutical  and  investment  segments.  Bio-
pharmaceutical activities are exclusively carried out by IVIX LLC, Investing activities are carried out by the subsidiary, Silver 
Star  Limited,  a  company  located  in  Bermuda.  Administrative  activities  represent  group  administration  costs,  primarily 
incurred in Ireland and the Russian Federation.

(b) Segment revenues and results

Segment results represent operating profit earned by each segment. This is the measure reported to the Group’s Board of 
Directors (“Board of Directors”) for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance.

(c) Segment assets and liabilities

For the purposes of monitoring segment performance and allocating resources between segments, the Board of Directors 
monitors the total assets and liabilities attributable to each segment. Goodwill is allocated based on separately identifiable 
CGUs as further disclosed in Note 15.

Following  the  acquisition  of  IVIX  LLC  (refer  Note  33),  bio-pharmaceutical  (“bio-pharma”)  has  become  a  new  operating 
segment in 2018. As discussed in Note 36, the exploration segment is presented as being discontinued

CONTINUING OPERATIONS - 31 December 2018

Bio-
pharma

Investment

Admin

Total

Bio-
pharma

Investment

Admin

Total

€’000

€’000

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

US$’000

US$’000

(655)

19

(636)

-

4

(632)

-

(632)

5,544

(125)

5,419

(739)

(912)

(2,306)

(55)

(92)

(128)

(794)

(1,004)

(2,434)

(5)

444

(5)

-

(10)

448

(355)

(1,009)

(1,996)

-

-

-

(357)

(1,009)

(1,996)

15,606

(989)

14,617

170

(53)

117

21,320

(1,167)

20,153

(774)

22

(752)

-

5

(747)

-

(747)

6,351

(144)

6,207

(873)

(1,076)

(2,723)

(65)

(123)

(166)

(938)

(1,199)

(2,889)

(6)

524

(6)

-

(12)

529

(420)

(1,205)

(2,372)

-

-

-

(420)

(1,205)

(2,372)

17,877

(1,131)

16,746

193

(60)

133

24,421

(1,335)

23,086

 Administration
expenses

Other gains/
((losses

Operating loss

Finance costs

Finance income

Loss before tax

Income tax

Loss after tax

Segment assets

 Segment
liabilities

Net assets

51

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONTINUING OPERATIONS - 31 December 2017

Investment

Administration expenses

Other gains

Operating loss

Finance income

Finance costs

Gain/(loss) before tax

Income tax

Gain/(loss) after tax

Segment assets

Segment liabilities

Net assets

€’000

(831)

555

(276)

463

(5)

182

-

182

18,589

-

18,589

5

Loss on ordinary activities before taxation

Administration expenses

Employee expense 

Directors remuneration (Note 11)

Employment costs (Note 10)

Depreciation (Note 17)

Services provided by the Group’s auditors (Note 6)

Operating lease rentals - property (Note 32)

Research and development (Note 16)

Acquisition related expenses (Note 33)

Other administration expenses

Total administration expenses

Admin

€’000

(467)

56

(411)

-

(4)

(415)

-

(415)

2,863

(41)

2,822

Total

Investment

Admin

Total

€’000

(1,298)

611

(687)

463

(9)

(233)

-

(233)

21,452

(41)

22,411

US$’000

US$’000

US$’000

(631)

320

(311)

522

(6)

205

-

205

22,267

-

22,267

(832)

370

(462)

-

(5)

(467)

-

(469)

3,430

(49)

3,381

(1,463)

690

(773)

522

(11)

(262)

-

(265)

25,697

(49)

25,648

Continuing

Discontinued

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

€’000

US$’000

€’000

US$’000

(296)

(552)

(848)

(1)

(62)

(27)

(484)

(357)

(527)

(349)

(654)

(1,003)

(2)

(73)

(32)

(572)

(422)

(619)

(2,306)

(2,723)

(31)

-

(31)

(29)

-

-

-

-

(34)

(94)

(37)

-

(37)

(34)

-

-

-

-

(40)

(111)

52

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Administration expenses

Employee expense

Directors remuneration (Note 11)

Employment costs (Note 10)

Depreciation (Note 17)

Services provided by the Group’s auditors (Note 6)

Operating lease rentals - property (Note 37)

Other administration expenses

Total administration expenses

6

Services provided by the Group’s auditor

Audit services – group audit

Audit services- statutory entities

Tax advisory services

Total auditors remuneration

All services are from continuing operations.

7

 Other gains/(losses)

Impairment of assets held for sale (Note 17 and 36)

Realised foreign exchange losses

 Total other (losses)/gains

Trade payables written back 

Realised foreign exchange gains

Other expenses

 Total other (losses)/gains

Continuing

Discontinued

31/12/2017

31/12/2017

31/12/2017

31/12/2017

€’000

US$’000

€’000

US$’000

(208)

(440)

(648)

(2)

(50)

(11)

(587)

(1,298)

(236)

(497)

(733)

(1)

(55)

(12)

(662)

(1,463)

(19)

-

(19)

(35)

-

-

(87)

(141)

(21)

-

(21)

(40)

-

-

(98)

(159)

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

51

3

8

62

39

3

8

50

61

3

9

73

43

3

9

55

Continuing

Discontinued

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

€’000

US$’000

-

(128)

(128)

-

(166)

(166)

€’000

(444)

(136)

(580)

US$’000

(509)

(161)

(670)

Continuing

Discontinued

31/12/2017

31/12/2017

31/12/2017

31/12/2017

€’000

US$’000

€’000

US$’000

-

35

(40)

(5)

-

39

(45)

(6)

149

462

-

611

214

476

-

690

53

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8

 Finance income and finance costs

Finance income

Dividends received from equity investments

Bank interest received

Total finance income

Finance costs

Bank interest and charges*

Total finance costs

Net finance income

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

444

4

448

(10)

(10)

438

463

-

463

(9)

(9)

454

524

5

529

(12)

(12)

517

522

-

522

(11)

(11)

511

*Finance costs of €’000 2 / US$’000 2 have been excluded from the above as they related to the Group’s discontinued operations 
(2017: €’000 2 / US$’000 3), refer Note 36.

9

Employee numbers

The average monthly number of employees of the Group during the financial year was (excluding directors):

Administration and operational staff

10     Employment costs

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

Number

Number

6

 6

Staff costs (inclusive of directors) during the financial year were as follows:

Wages and salaries

Social insurance costs

Total employment costs

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

848

32

879

641

26

667

1,003

37

1,040

724

30

754

54

 
 
OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

11

Directors’ remuneration

Kirill Golovanov 

Mikhail Mogutov

Leonid Skoptsov

Yuri Radchenko

Timothy McCutcheon

Nikolay Myasodev

Christopher Wiltshire

Romulo Colindres

Donald Schissel

Kenneth Kuchling

Directors remuneration 

- Share-based benefits -

-------------------- Short-term benefits --------------------

2018

2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

Number of options

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

200,000

200,000

331

94

58

15

15

7

7

7

9

9

552

164

106

106

16

16

0

0

0

16

16

440

391

112

69

18

18

8

8

8

11

11

654

185

120

120

18

18

-

-

-

18

18

497

The share based benefits relate to the number of exercisable share options held by directors at the year end. 

There were no options exercised during the year, while 200,000 share options expired during the financial year (2017: 3,000,000). 

Please refer to Note 31 for further details on share options granted and expired in the year and the expense recognised. 

12

Retirement benefit costs

The Group does not operate a pension scheme (2017: €NIL / USD$ Nil)

13

Income tax costs

Analysis of income tax charge for the year

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

Income tax

Factors affecting tax charge for the financial year

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

The tax for the financial year is higher than (2017 - higher than) the standard rate of corporation tax in Ireland of 12.5% (2017: 
12.5%). The differences are explained below:

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Loss on ordinary activities before tax

Loss on ordinary activities before tax multiplied by standard rate of 
corporation tax at in Ireland of 12.5% (2017: 12.5%)

Effects of

Ineligible costs and losses carried forward to future periods

Total income tax

(2,672)

(334)

334

-

(381)

(48)

48

-

(3,155)

(394)

394

-

(430)

(54)

54

-

A deferred tax asset has not been recognised at the reporting date in respect of trading tax losses. Due to the history of past 
losses, the Group has not recognised any deferred tax asset in respect of tax losses to be carried forward which are approximately 
€11.9 million at 31 December 2018 (2017: €9.2 million).

55

 
 
 
 
 
7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14

Loss per share and dividends

 Loss per share

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss after taxation for the financial year attributable to the equity holders of 
the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial year.

Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss after taxation for the financial year attributable to the equity holders of 
the parent by adjusting the weighted average number of share in issue to assume conversion of all potential ordinary shares. 
For the purpose of calculating diluted loss per share for both 2018 and 2017, the potentially exercisable instruments in issue 
would have the effect of being antidilutive and, as such, the diluted loss per share is the same as the basic loss per share for 
both years.

Basic and diluted loss per share

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

Loss for the financial year attributable to the equity holders of the 
parent:

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Loss for the financial year attributable to the equity holders of the 
parent

Weighted average number of ordinary shares (thousands)

Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations (cents)

Basic and diluted loss per share from discontinued operations (cents)

Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing and discontinued 
operations (cents)

(1,996)

(676)

(2,672)

81,564 

(€2.45)

(€0.83)

(233)

(148)

(381)

81,564 

(€0.29)

(€0.18)

(2,372)

(783)

(3,155)

81,564 

 ($2.91)

 ($0.96)

(262)

(168)

(430)

81,564 

 ($0.32)

 ($0.21)

(€3.28)

(€0.47)

 ($3.87)

 ($0.53)

On the 27 March 2019, the Company approved a number of share options incentive schemes for Directors, the total number of 
share granted was 5,600,000 shares.

 Dividends

 The directors did not recommend the payment of a dividend (2017: € Nil / US$ Nil).

15

Goodwill

The movements in the net carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

Gross carrying amount

 Balance 1 January 

 Acquired through business combination (Note 33)

Net exchange difference 

 Balance at 31 December 

Accumulated impairment

Balance at 1 January 31 December 2018

Carrying amount at 31 December

Impairment testing

2018

€’000

- 

3,994 

- 

3,994 

-

- 

3,994 

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4,523 

52 

4,575 

- 

- 

4,575 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

For the purpose of annual impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the operating segments expected to benefit from the 
synergies of the business combinations in which the goodwill arises as set out below, and is compared to its recoverable value:

56

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Goodwill allocated to biopharmaceutical segment

2018

€’000

3,994

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

- 

4,523

- 

The recoverable amount of each segment was determined based on value-in-use calculations, covering a detailed five-year 
forecast,  followed  by  an  extrapolation  of  expected  cash  flows  for  the  remaining  useful  lives  using  a  declining  growth  rate 
determined  by  management.  The  present  value  of  the  expected  cash  flows  of  each  segment  is  determined  by  applying  a 
suitable discount rate reflecting current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the segment.

Recoverable amount of each operating segment

Biopharmaceutical segment

Growth rates

2018

€’000

10,827

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

- 

12,384

- 

The growth rates used are 160% for year 1, 39% for year 2 and 4% thereafter, these reflect the long-term average growth rates 
for the product lines and industries of the segments (all publicly available). The growth rate exceeds the overall long-term 
average  growth  rates  for  because  the  product  produced  by  the  biopharmaceutical  segment  are  new  and  are  expected  to 
continue to grow at above-average rates for the foreseeable future.

Discount rates

The discount rate of 15% reflect appropriate adjustments relating to market risk and specific risk factors of each segment.

Cash flow assumptions

Management’s key assumptions include fast initial growth (refer growth rates above), followed by stable profit margins, based 
on market analysis. The Group’s management believes that this is the best available input for forecasting this mature market. 
No expected efficiency improvements have been taken into account and prices and wages reflect publicly available forecasts 
of inflation for the industry.

16

Other intangible assets

Cost

At 1 January 2017

At 31 December 2017

At 1 January 2018

Acquisition through business combination (refer Note 33)

Exchange difference

At 31 December 2018

Net book value

At 31 December 2018

At 31 December 2017

--- Patents, trademarks and others ---

€’000

USD $’000

- 

- 

- 

992 

(34)

958 

958 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,153 

(56) 

1,097 

1,097 

- 

No amortisation of patents, trademarks and development costs were included in and recognised administration expenses 
during the year Nil (2017: €Nil / US$ Nil).

Research and development costs of €’000 484 / US$’000 572 (2017: €Nil / US$ Nil) were recognised as other expenses (refer 
Note 5).

Staff costs of €Nil / US$ Nil (2017: €Nil / US$ Nil) were capitalised during the year.

57

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17

Property, plant and equipment – Group

Continuing

Discontinued

Continuing

Discontinued

Office furniture & 
equip.

Mining 
equip.

Land and 
buildings

Office 
furniture & 
equip.

Mining 
equip.

Land and 
buildings

€’000

€’000

€’000

$’000

$’000

$’000

1,131

111

Cost

At 1 January 2017

Disposals

Effect of movements in exchange 
rates

At 31 December 2017

At 1 January 2018

Acquisition through business 
combination (refer Note 33)

Effect of movements in exchange 
rates

70

-

1

71

71

1

5

810

(501)

-

309

309

-

-

-

-

1,131

1,131

-

-

At 31 December 2018

77

309

1,131

Depreciation 

At 1 January 2017

Charge for year

Depreciation on disposal

At 31 December 2017

At 1 January 2018

Charge for year

Impairment

Effect of movements in exchange 
rates

At 31 December 2018

Net book values

At 31 December 2018

At 31 December 2017

67

1

-

68

68

2

-

4

74

3

3

203

2

(9)

196

196

8

-

65

269

40

113

224

34

-

258

258

20

444

-

722

409

873

1,010

(543)

-

467

467

-

(113)

354

230

2

(10)

222

222

10

-

79

311

43

245

1,526

-

-

1,526

1,526

-

(230)

1,296

284

36

-

320

320

24

509

(26)

827

469

1,206

-

1

112

112

1

(15)

98

105

3

-

108

108

2

-

(16)

94

4

4

All mining equipment is included in the assets classified as held for sale and discontinued operations as disclosed in Note 36. 

The residual values and useful lives of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end. The useful lives 
have been reviewed and deemed to be appropriate. 

At 31 December 2018, the disposal group was stated at fair value less costs to sell and comprised the following assets:

58

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Loss on remeasurement

Cost transferred from fixed assets

Accumulated depreciation transferred from fixed assets

Impairment (refer Note 7)

Fair value at 31 December 2018

-------------Disposal group -------------

€’000

1,131

(278)

(444)

409 

$’000

1,296

(318)

(509)

469

The land and building were independently value by Center of Law Ltd (Magadan), a licensed property valuation company in 
Russia. The valuation amount to RUR’000 32,478 (€’000 409 / US$’000 469). This valuation resulted in impairment losses of 
€’000 444 / $’000 509 for write-downs of the disposal group to the lower of its carrying amount and its fair value less costs to sell 
have been included in ‘other expenses’ (refer Note 7). The impairment losses have been applied to reduce the carrying amount 
of land and buildings within the assets held for sale and discontinued operations.

Company

Cost

At 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017

Effect of movements in exchange rates 

At 1 January 2018

Depreciation 

At 1 January 2017

Charge for year

At 31 December 2018

Accumulated depreciation

At 1 January 2018

Depreciation

Effect of movements in exchange rates

At 31 December 2018

Net book value

At 31 December 2018

At 31 December 2017

Office furniture and 
equipment

Office furniture and 
equipment

€’000

US$’000

68

(11)

57

64

1

65

65

1

(10)

56

1

3

50

-

50

47

1

48

48

1

-

49

1

2

59

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

18

Investments in subsidiaries – Company

01/01/2018

€’000

27,145

27,145

Movement 
during the 
year

€’000

(3,029)

(3,029)

31/12/2018

01/01/2018

Movement 
during the 
year

31/12/2018

€’000

24,116

24,116

US$’000

US$’000

US$’000

28,599

28,599

(974)

(974)

27,625

27,625

Silver Star Limited

Investment in 
subsidiaries at cost 

At 31 December 2018 the Company had the following direct and indirect subsidiary undertakings:

Name

CJSC Bulun

Magsel Limited 

Comtrans

Ovoca Mining Limited

Silver Star Limited

Ovoca Gold (Russia) 
Limited

IVIX LLC

Registered office & country of 
incorporation

Principal Activity

Proportion holding

13 A  Koltcevaya street, Magadan 685000, 
Russian Federation

13 A  Koltcevaya street, Magadan 685000, 
Russian Federation

13 A  Koltcevaya street, Magadan 685000, 
Russian Federation

36 Vyronos Avenue, Nicosia Tower Center, 8th 
Floor, Flat 801 1506 Nicosia, Cyprus

27 Reid Street, 1st Floor, Hamilton HM11, 
Bermuda

Mineral Exploration

Mineral Exploration

Support Company

Dormant

Investment

17 Pembroke Street Upper, Dublin 2, Ireland

Support company

2018

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Stoloviy Pereulok, 6 
Moscow, 121069 Russian Federation

Biopharmaceutical

50.02%

2017

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

-

All shares are directly held in subsidiaries, with the exception of CJSC Bulun, Magsel Limited and IVIX LLC, which are held 
through Silver Star Limited, and comprise of ordinary shares held in the Company.

Movement during the year

During the year, the Company impaired its shareholding in Silver Star Limited due to a reduction in the market value of the 
equity securities designated as at FVOCI which are held by Silver Star Limited.

Change in shareholdings

During the year the Group acquired control of IVIX LLC, further information relating to the acquisition is disclosed in Note 33.

Disclosures relating to subsidiaries

Information relating to subsidiaries that have non-controlling interests that are material to the Group are provided in Note 26.

19     Equity securities designated as at FVOCI 

At 1 January 2018, the Group designated the investments shown below as equity securities at FVOCI because these equity 
securities  represent  investments  that  the  Group  intends  to  hold  for  the  long  term  for  strategic  purposes.  In  2017,  these 
investments were classified under IAS 39 as available-for-sale.

60

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

At 1 January

Fair value movement 

Foreign exchange movement

Net translation adjustments

At 31 December

Consisting of:

Quoted securities

Polymetal International plc

Asset managed fund 

Other

Closing balance

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

15,868

(1,911)

(437)

652

14,172

12,865

1,297

10

14,172

15,340

1,447

1,068

(1,987)

15,868

14,577

1,276

15

15,868

19,008

(2,256)

(516)

(3)

16,233

14,737

1,486

10

16,233

16,162

1,634

1,212

-

19,008

17,461

1,529

18

19,008

The Investment in Polymetal International plc represents the holding of 1,405,000 shares. Polymetal International plc is listed 
on the London stock exchange. The asset managed fund represents investments in quoted investments in US listed entities.

The above quoted securities are denominated in the following currencies:

Sterling

US Dollar

AUS Dollar

Closing balance

2018

 €’000

12,865

1,297

10

14,172

2017

€’000

14,577

1,276

15

15,868

2018

US$’000

14,737

1,486

10

16,233

2017

US$’000

17,461

1,529

18

19,008

A reasonably possible change of 5% in market value at the reporting date would have increased (decreased) equity by the 
amounts shown below, as movement in the fair value are measured through OCI, there is no increase or decrease within profit 
or loss. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency exchange rates, remain constant.

31 December 2018

Polymetal International plc

Asset managed fund 

Other

Total

31 December 2017

Polymetal International plc

Asset managed fund 

Other

Total

-------------- Equity -------------

-------------- Equity -------------

 €’000

 €’000

US$’000

US$’000

5% increase

5% decrease

5% increase

5% decrease

643

65

1

709

729

64

1

794

737

74

1

812

739

68

1

808

(643)

(65)

(1)

(709)

(729)

(64)

(1)

(794)

61

(737)

(74)

(1)

(812)

(739)

(68)

(1)

(808)

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

20

Inventories

Finished goods

Finished goods as held for resale (refer Note 36) 

2018

€’000

179

3

182

2017

2018

2017

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

-

4

4

205

5

209

-

5

5

The Group has not recognised an inventory write down during the year (2017: € Nil / US$ Nil).

In the opinion of the directors the replacement cost of the stock did not differ significantly from the figure shown (2017: € Nil / 
US$ Nil). No inventory was recognised as an expense during the year.

21

Trade and other receivables

------------------------ Group ------------------

-------------------- Company -----------------

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Tax refundable

Other debtors

Amounts owed by group undertakings 
(refer Note 29)

Trade and other receivables as held for 
resale (refer Note 36)

53 

138

- 

191

5

196

35 

- 

- 

35

4

39

61 

158 

- 

219 

7

226

42 

- 

- 

42 

5

47

53 

61 

466

580 

-

6 

- 

693 

699 

-

580 

699 

61 

70 

534

665

-

665

7 

- 

830 

837 

-

837 

All amounts are short term. Amounts owed by group undertakings are unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.

22

Cash and cash equivalents

-------------------- Group ---------------------

-------------------- Company ---------------------

2018

2017

2018

2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

2018

€’000

2017

2018

2017

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Cash at bank 

Short term deposits

Cash classified as 
held for resale (refer 
Note 36)

1,378 

445 

1,823 

4,918 

628 

5,546 

1,578 

510 

2,088 

5,891 

752 

6,643 

24

3

27

4

929 

- 

929 

-

2,837 

1,064 

3,398 

- 

- 

- 

2,837 

1,064 

3,398 

-

-

-

1,847 

5,549 

2,115 

6,647 

929 

2,837 

1,064 

3,398 

Cash and cash equivalents are held by the Group on a short-term basis with all having an original maturity of three months or 
less. The carrying amount approximates their fair value. Short-term deposits are obtained at prevailing market rate conditions.

62

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

23

Share capital

Group and company

Authorised equity

120,000,000 Ordinary shares of 12.5 cent each

2018

€

2017

€

2018

US$

2017

US$

15,000,000

15,000,000

15,000,000

15,000,000

21,000,000

21,000,000

21,000,000

21,000,000

Group and company

Issued, called up and fully paid

Number of 
ordinary shares

At 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017

88,458,806

Share capital

Share capital

€’000

11,057

US$’000

15,586

At 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018

88,458,806

11,057

15,586

Ordinary shares

Holders of these shares are entitled to dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share at general 
meetings of the Company. All rights attached to the Company’s shares held by the Group are suspended until those shares are 
reissued.

Treasury shares

The reserve for the Company’s treasury shares comprises the cost of the Company’s shares held by the Group

On 28 April 2015, Ovoca Bio plc purchased 5,800,000 ordinary shares of nominal value €0.125 each of the issued share capital 
of the Company at a price of GBP 6.8p. Ovoca Bio plc intends to hold these shares as treasury stock. 

As of year-end 2018, the Company has a total of 81,563,806 (2017: 81,563,806) Ordinary Shares in issue excluding treasury 
shares of 6,895,000 which have a cumulative cost of €’000 547 / US$’000 607. The purchase was made pursuant to the authority 
granted by shareholders at an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Company held on 17 October 2014. To date, Ovoca has 
acquired 7.8% (2017: 7.8%) of its own share capital under this approved share buyback programme.

24

Retained earnings

------------------ Group -------------------

---------------- Company -----------------

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Surplus at 1 January 

Share of (Loss)/profit for the year

Surplus at 31 December

1,832

(2,356)

(524)

2,213

(381)

1,832

3,257

(2,783)

3,687

11,786

11,553

(430)

(4,696)

233

474

3,257

7,090

11,786

18,129

(5,546)

12,583

17,867

262

18,129

Retained earnings is made up of accumulated profits and losses.

In accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2014, Section 304(2), the Company has not presented an 
income statement. A loss for the year of €’000 4,696 / US$’000 5,546 (2017: income of €’000 233 / US$’000 262) has 
been recognised in the income statement of the Company.

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

25

Other reserves – Group

Other 
reserves

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve

Total

Other 
reserves

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve

Total

€’000

€’000

€’000

€’000

US$000

US$000

US$000

US$000

At 1 January 2018

5,878

3,745

438

10,061

6,585 

1,494 

792 

8,871

Other comprehensive 
income/(loss):

Fair value movement 
on equity securities 
designated as at FVOCI

Exchange movement 
on equity securities 
designated as at FVOCI

Foreign exchange 
(loss)/gain arising from 
translation of financial 
statements of a foreign 
operations

Transactions with 
owners of the Company

Share based payments 
expired

Balance at 31 December 
2018

(1,911)

(437)

-

-

-

767

-

-

-

(1,911)

(2,256)

(437)

(516)

-

-

767

-

(412)

-

-

-

(2,256)

(516)

(412)

438

-

(438)

-

792

- 

(792)

-

3,968

4,512

-

8,480

4,605

1,082

-

5,687

At 1 January 2017

2,507

6,947

1,294

10,748

2,780

1,953

1,759

6,492

Other comprehensive 
income/(loss):

Foreign exchange loss 
arising from translation of 
financial statements of a 
foreign operation

Fair value movement on 
availableforsale financial 
assets

Exchange movement on 
availableforsale financial 
assets

Transactions with 
owners of the Company

Share based payments 
expired

Balance at 31 December 
2017

(3,202)

-

(459)

(8)

(467)

-

(3,202)

1,447

1,068

856

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,447

1,634

1,068

1,212

(856)

-

959

-

-

-

-

-

1,634

1,212

(959)

-

5,878

3,745

438

10,061

6,585

1,494

792

8,871

64

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

25

Other reserves – Company

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve

Other 
reserves

€’000

€’000

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve

Share based 
payment 
reserve

Other 
reserves

Total

US$000

US$000

US$000

US$000

Total

€’000

At 1 January 2018

867 

438 

1,305

1,041 

(10,486) 

739 

(8,706)

Other comprehensive 
income:

Exchange movement 
on translation from 
functional currency

Transactions with 
owners of the 
Company

Share based 
payments expired 
during the financial 
year

Balance at 31 
December 2018

-

-

438

(438)

-

-

-

2,820

-

2,820

739

- 

(739)

-

1,305

-

1,305

1,780

(7,666)

-

(5,886)

At 1 January 2017

11

1,294

1,294

16

(10,037)

1,764

(8,257)

Other comprehensive 
(loss):

Exchange movement 
on translation from 
functional currency

Transactions with 
owners of the 
Company

Share based 
payments expired 
during the financial 
year

Balance at 31 
December 2017

-

-

856

(856)

-

-

-

(449)

-

(449)

1,025

-

(959)

-

867

438

1,294

1,041

(10,486)

739

(8,706)

65

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

26      Non-controlling interest

The following table summarises the information relating to each of the Group’s subsidiaries that has material Non-
Controlling Interest (NCI), before any intragroup eliminations

NCI percentage 

Noncurrent assets

Current assets 

Current liabilities 

Net assets 

Net assets attributable to NCI 

NCI Share of goodwill (refer Note 33)

Total NCI

NCI percentage 

Administration expenses

Other gains and losses

Operating loss

Finance costs

Finance income

Loss for the financial year before tax

Income tax

Loss for the financial year

Foreign exchange loss arising from translation of 
financial statements of a foreign operation

Other comprehensive loss for the financial year

Total comprehensive loss for the financial year

Profit allocated to NCI

OCI allocated to NCI 

Total comprehensive loss allocated to NCI

2018

€’000

IVIX LLC

49.98%

959

591

(125)

1,425

712

1,448

2,160

2017

€’000

IVIX LLC

0.00%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2018

US$’000

IVIX LLC

49.98%

1,099

677

(143)

1,633

815

1,633

2,448

2017

US$’000

IVIX LLC

49.98%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

For the 3 month 
period ended 
31/12/2018

For the 3 month 
period ended 
31/12/2017

For the 3 month 
period ended 
31/12/2018

For the 3 month 
period ended 
31/12/2017

€’000

IVIX LLC

49.98%

€’000

IVIX LLC

-%

US$’000

IVIX LLC

49.98%

US$’000

IVIX LLC

-%

(655)

19

(636)

-

4

(632)

-

(632)

(58)

(58)

(690)

(316)

(29)

(345)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(774)

22

(752)

-

5

(747)

-

(747)

(68)

(68)

(815)

(373)

(34)

(407)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

IVIX LLC contributed €’000 632 / US$’000 746 to the consolidated loss for the three months from 1 October 2018 to 31 December 2018. If 
IVIX had been acquired on 1 January 2018, the loss contributed to the Group for 2018 would have been €’000 1,262 / US$’000 1,490.

66

 
 
OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

For the 3 month 
period ended 
31/12/2018

For the 3 month 
period ended 
31/12/2017

For the 3 month 
period ended 
31/12/2018

For the 3 month 
period ended 
31/12/2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

(690)

-

 -

(690)

-

-

 -

-

(828)

-

 -

(828)

-

-

 -

-

Cash flows attributable to IVIX LLC

Net cash from operating activities 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Net cash from (used in) financing activities 

Net cash inflow 

27

Trade and other payables

------------------- Group ---------------------

---------------- Company -----------------

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Trade payables

Amounts owed to group 
undertakings (refer note 
29)

Accruals 

Liabilities classified as 
held for resale (refer note 
36)

115 

- 

63 

178 

8

186 

5

- 

36 

41 

5

46 

131 

- 

71 

202 

9

214 

6

- 

43 

49 

6

2 

1 

2 

1 

6,128 

6,498 

7,020 

7,443 

44 

36 

6,174 

6,535 

50 

7,072 

384 

7,828 

-

-

-

-

55 

6,174 

6,535 

7,072 

7,828 

All  amounts  are  short  term  and  non-interest  bearing.  The  net  carrying  value  of  trade  payables  is  considered  a  reasonable 
approximation of fair value. Trade payables written back during the year amounted to €Nil / $ Nil (2017:€ ’000 149 / USD ’000 214), refer 
Note 7.

28

Borrowings

-------------------Group -------------------

---------------- Company -----------------

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Loan from third party

989 

- 

1,133 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

The loan from a third party is denominated in US Dollars and bears an interest rate of 7.25%. The loan has been repaid in full 
on 8 February 2019.

Reconciliation of movement of liabilities to cash flows arising from financing activities:

67

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

-------------------Group -------------------

---------------- Company -----------------

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Balance at 1 January 2017 
and 31 December 2017

Changes from financing cash 
flows

Proceeds from borrowings

Other changes

Interest expense

Interest paid

Balance at 31 December 
2018

-

989 

5

(5)

989 

29

Related party transactions

-

- 

-

-

- 

-

1,133 

6

(6)

1,133 

-

- 

-

-

- 

-

- 

-

-

- 

-

- 

-

-

- 

-

- 

-

-

- 

-

- 

-

-

- 

Details of subsidiary undertakings are shown in Note 18. In accordance with International Accounting Standard 24 - Related 
Party  Disclosures,  transactions  between  group  entities  that  have  been  eliminated  on  consolidation  are  not  disclosed.  Key 
management personnel are the Board of Directors. Details of the remuneration of Directors are disclosed in Note 11 of the 
consolidated financial statements. None of the related party transactions disclosed above were undertaken with the parent 
company, Ovoca Bio plc.

Included in amounts owed by/(to) group undertaking are amounts shown below:

Comtrans

Amounts owed by group undertakings (refer Note 21)

Silver Star Limited

Amounts owed to group undertakings (refer Note 27)

---------------------------- Company ------------------------------

2018

€’000

466 

466 

2017

€’000

693 

693 

(6,128) 

(6,128) 

(6,498) 

(6,498 )

2018

US$’000

534 

534 

(7,020) 

(7,020) 

2017

US$’000

830 

830 

(7,443) 

(7,443 )

At  31  December  2018,  the  Parent  company  had  balances  receivable  of  €’000  466  /  US$’000  534  (2017:  €’000  693/US$’000 
830) from its subsidiaries. These receivables mainly relate to management services and loans to subsidiaries. Total provision 
in respect of amounts due from subsidiary undertakings at 31 December 2018 is €’000 631 /US$’000 745 (2017: €’000 272 / 
US$’000 307). The impairment loss recognised in the Parent company in respect of amounts due from subsidiary undertakings 
has been calculated using expected credit loss model as required by IFRS 9. 

In determining the impairment loss, amounts due from subsidiaries were classified as either amounts repayable on demand, 
low credit risk receivables or amounts for which there has been a substantial increase in credit risk since initial recognition. 
In  determining   the  expected  credit  loss  (including  probability  of  default  and  loss  given  default),  regard  was  given  to  the 
historic  performance  of  the  relevant  loan  as   well  as  forward  looking  information  for  the  relevant  subsidiary  including 
detailed discounted cash flow forecasts. For repayable on demand loans where  the loan could not be repaid at the reporting 
date, expected credit losses were calculated by considering the likely recovery strategies of the Parent  company, including 
consideration of ‘repay over time’ strategies. For loans with a substantial increase in credit risk, consideration was given to 
the future activities and cash flows of the subsidiary and life time expected credit losses were recognised accordingly where 
appropriate.

30

Financial instruments

The Group monitors relevant aspects of financial instrument risk on an ongoing basis. Financial instrument risks primarily 
relates to foreign exchange risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. 

The following table shows the carrying amount of financial assets and financial liabilities.  in each category are as follows

68

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

------------------- Group ---------------------

---------------- Company -----------------

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Financial assets not measured 
at fair value

Investments (refer Note 18)

-

-

-

-

24,116

27,145

27,625

28,599

Cash and cash equivalents (refer 
Note 22)

Other debtors (refer Note 21)

Amounts owed by group 
undertakings (refer Note 21)

Financial assets measured at 
fair value

Equity securities designated as 
at FVOCI (refer Note 19)

Financial liabilities not 
measured at fair value

Trade and other payables (refer 
Note 27)

Foreign Exchange Risk

1,823 

5,546 

2,008 

6,643 

929 

2,837 

1,064 

3,398 

138

- 

- 

- 

158 

- 

- 

- 

61 

466 

- 

693 

70 

534

- 

830 

1,961

5,546

2,166

6,643

25,572

30,675

 29,293

32,827

14,172

15,868

16,233

19,008

14,172

15,868

16,233

19,008

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

178 

178 

41 

41 

202 

202 

49 

49 

6,174 

6,535 

6,174 

6,535 

7,072 

7,072 

7,828 

7,828 

Exchange  rate  fluctuations  may  affect  the  cost  that  the  Group  incurs  with  its  operations.  Any  fluctuations  of  the  Euro  and 
Russian Rouble against the US Dollar may have a significant impact on the Company’s financial position and results in future. 

The carrying amount of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at the end of the 
reporting date are as follows:

United States Dollar

Russian Rouble

Financial Assets

Financial Liabilities

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

15,752

143

€’000

21,131

1,694

€’000

€’000

986

12

-

8

The following table details the Group’s sensitivity to a 10% increase and decrease in the Euro against United States Dollar 
and Russian Rouble. 10% is the sensitivity rate used which represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible 
change in foreign exchange rates. The sensitivity analysis includes only outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary 
items and adjusts their translation at the year-end for a 10% change in foreign currency rates, it assumes that all other variables, 
in particular bank interest rates, remain constant and ignores the impact of forecast sales and purchases

69

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 United States Dollar Impact

 Russian Rouble Impact

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

1,342 

€’000

2,134

€’000

12

€’000

170

Profit or loss

Credit Risk

This refers to the risk that a counter party will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. 
The Group has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining significant collateral, where 
appropriate,  as  a  means  of  mitigating  the  risk  of  financial  loss  from  defaulters.  The  table  below  analyses  the  maximum 
exposure of the Group’s financial assets which are subject to credit risk:

Group

Group

Group

Group

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents (Note 22)

Total

138 

1,823 

1,961 

-

5,546

5,546

158 

2,008

2,166 

-

6,643

6,643

The Group continuously monitors defaults of customers and other counterparty, identified either individually or by the Group, 
and incorporates this information into its credit risk controls. In relation to the credit risk for cash and cash equivalents, the 
risk is considered to be negligible, since the counterparties are reputable banks with high quality external credit ratings. The 
Group’s management considers that all of the above financial assets are of good credit quality, as the Group’s policy is to deal 
only with creditworthy customers. 

Liquidity Risk

This  refers  to  the  risk  that  the  Group  will  not  have  the  sufficient  funds  to  meet  its  liabilities.  The  Group  holds  its  cash  in 
currencies in which it expects to incur expenditure, including Euros, US Dollar and Russian Roubles. The Group’s reporting 
currency is the Euro. The most meaningful information relates to the Group’s current liquidity – since it is not generating any 
income from its mineral projects.

The table below analyses the Group’s financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the earliest date on which 
the Group can be required to pay. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances 
due within 1 year equal to their carrying values, as the impact of the discounting is not significant.

Balances due within 1 year

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

Group

Group

Group

Group

Trade and other payables (Note 27)

Borrowings (Note 28)

Total 

€’000

178 

989 

1,167

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

41

-

41

202

1,133 

1,335

49

-

49

The Group considers expected cash flows from financial assets in assessing and managing liquidity risk, in particular its cash 
resources and available for sale financial assets. The Group’s current cash resources (Note 22), trade and other receivables 
(Note 21) and equity investments measured through other comprehensive income (Note 19) significantly exceed the current 
cash outflow requirements.

Market Risk

Factors beyond the control of the Group may affect the marketability of its securities. Prices are subject to fluctuation and are 
affected by factors beyond the control of the Group. The effect of these factors on the Group’s operations cannot be accurately 
predicted. Fluctuations in stock market prices affect the Group’s Equity securities at FVOCI. The Group seek to minimise this risk 
by closely monitoring stock market movements on an ongoing basis. A detailed sensitivity analysis of the impact of changes in 
the market price of securities is available at Note 19.

70

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Fair Value measurement

Equity securities FVOCI are measured at Level 1. These are the only financial asset of the Group measured at fair value on a 
recurring basis. There were no transfers between Levels in 2018 and 2017.

Capital management

The  Group  considers  total  equity  as  capital.  Its  primary  objective  in  capital  management  is  to  maintain  a  strong  credit 
rating in order to support its business and maximize shareholder value. The Group manages its capital structure and makes 
adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may 
issue new shares or other financial instruments in relation to ensure the liquidity and the necessary level of the working capital. 
The amounts managed as capital by the Group for the reporting periods are as summarized as follows:

Group

Group

Group

Group

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

31/12/2018

31/12/2017

€’000

20,626

€’000

22,403

US$’000

23,628

US$’000

27,107

Total Equity

31

Share based payments - Group and Company

Under the share option scheme employees of the Group can receive conditional awards of share options depending on 
their  performance,  seniority  and  length  of  service.  All  options  issued  to  date  vest  once  granted.  IFRS  2  requires  that  a 
recognised valuation methodology be employed to determine the fair value of share options granted. The valuation model 
used by the Company in years where options are granted or vesting is the Bi-nominal model. Fair value is determined under 
the equity settled share based remuneration schemes operated by the group. 

The volatility assumption, measured at the standard deviation of expected share price returns, is based on a statistical 
analysis of daily share prices over the last three years. The market vesting condition was factored into the valuation of the 
phantom options by applying an appropriate discount to the fair value of equivalent share appreciation rights without the 
specified vesting conditions. The Group did not enter into any share-based payment transactions with parties other than 
employees during the current or previous period.

Expired share options were transferred to other reserves during the year.

Outstanding at 1 January

Expired during the year

Outstanding at 31 December 

Of which:

Exercisable at 31 December

------------------ 2018 ------------------

------------------ 2017 ------------------

Number of 
options

Weighted average 
exercise price (€cent 
per share)

Number of options

Weighted average 
exercise price 
(€cent per share)

200,000 

(200,000)

- 

- 

41 

 - 

- 

- 

3,200,000 

(3,000,000)

200,000 

200,000 

33 

 - 

41 

41 

71

 
 
 
 
 
7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

32      Commitments under operating leases

------------------------Group----------------

------------------------Company-------------------

2018

2017

€’000

€’000

2018

$’000

2017

$’000

No later than one year

27

11

32

12

2018

€’000

32

2017

€’000

12

2018

$’000

-

2017

$’000

-

The Group leases offices under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. The lease expenditure charged to the income 
statement during the year is disclosed in Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements.

33

Acquisition of subsidiary

On 25 September 2018, the Group acquired 50.02% of the equity instruments of IVIX LLC (“IVIX”), a Russian based business, 
thereby obtaining control. The acquisition was made to diversify the Group’s position.

The details of the business combination as follows:

Fair value of consideration transferred

€’000

US$’000

Amount settled in cash 

3,604 

4,120 

72

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Recognised amounts of identifiable net assets

€’000

US$’000

Non-current assets

Property, Plant and Equipment

Intangible assets

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Non-current liabilities

Other non-current payables 

Total non-current liabilities

Current liabilities

Trade and Other Payables

Provisions

Total current liabilities

Identifiable net assets 

1 

992 

993

31 

37 

1,129 

1,197

(15) 

(15) 

(52) 

(5) 

(57) 

1 

1,153 

1,154

37 

45 

1,312 

1,394

(17) 

(17) 

(64) 

(6) 

(70) 

2,118 

2,459 

Cash outflow on acquisition 

€’000

US$’000

Consideration transferred settled in cash

 Cash and cash equivalents acquired 

Net cash outflow on acquisition

Acquisition costs charged to expenses

(3,604) 

1,129 

 (2,475)

 (357)

(4,120 )

1,312 

 (2,808)

 (422)

Acquisition-related costs amounting to €’000 357 / US$’000 422 are not included as part of consideration transferred and 
have been recognised as an expense in the consolidated statement of profit or loss, as part of administrative expenses in 
Note 5.

Goodwill arising from the acquisition has 
been recognised as follows:

Parent

NCI

Total

Parent

NCI

Total

€’000

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

US$’000

Amount settled in cash (refer above)

3,604 

- 

3,604 

4,120 

- 

4,120 

Fair value of NCI at acquisition date (refer 
below)

-

2,505 

2,505 

-

2,861 

2,861 

Identifiable net assets (refer above)

(1,058) 

(1,057)

(2,115) 

(1,230)

(1,228) 

(2,458)

Goodwill recognised on acquisition (refer 
Note 15)

2,546 

1,448 

3,994 

2,890 

1,633 

4,523 

The goodwill is attributable mainly to the skills and technical talent of IVIX’s work force. None of the goodwill recognised is 
expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

73

 
7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The  Fair  Value  of  the  NCI  at  the  acquisition  date  was  independently  valued  at  Russian  Rouble  191  million  (€  2.5  million  / 
US$ 2.7 million) by International Business Center, an independent firm specialising in consulting, investments and company 
valuations.

At the date of acquisition, the Company also had the right to acquire a further participation interest (shareholding) to be issued 
by IVIX for US$2.04 million which would increase its overall participation interest in the charter capital of IVIX by 9.9 per cent. 
The fair value to this right was valued at €Nil / $Nil, this option was exercised in full post year end, refer Note 37.

34

Prior year presentation

Certain accounts in the prior year have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

35

Adoption of new accounting standards

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and measurement”, it makes major changes to the previous 
guidance on the classification and measurement of financial assets and introduces an “expected credit loss” model for the 
impairment of financial assets. The Company has adopted consequential amendments to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: 
Disclosures that are applied to disclosures about 2018 but have not been generally applied to comparative information.

On the date of initial application, 1 January 2018, the financial instruments of the Group and Company were reclassified 
as follows:

Group

Financial assets

Cash and cash equivalents (refer 
Note 22)

Equity securities designated as at 
FVOCI (refer Note 19)

Total financial assets

Financial liabilities

Trade and other payables 
(refer Note 27)

Total financial liabilities

Original 
classification under 
IAS 39

New 
classification 
under IFRS

Original 
carrying 
amount 
under IAS 
39

New 
carrying 
amount 
under 
IFRS 9

Original 
carrying 
amount 
under IAS 
39

New 
carrying 
amount 
under 
IFRS 9

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Amortised cost

Amortised cost

5,546 

5,546 

6,643 

6,643 

Available-for-sale

FVOCI – equity 
instrument

15,868

15,868

19,008

19,008

21,414

21,414

25,651

25,651

Amortised cost

Amortised cost

41 

41 

41 

41 

49 

49 

49 

49 

74

OVOCA BIO PLC  ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

Company

Financial assets not measured 
at fair value

Investments (refer Note 18)

Cash and cash equivalents (refer 
Note 22)

Amounts owed by group 
undertakings (refer Note 21)

Total financial assets

Financial liabilities not 
measured at fair value

Trade and other payables (refer 
Note 27)

Total financial liabilities

Original 
classification 
under IAS 39

New 
classification 
under IFRS

Original 
carrying 
amount 
under IAS 
39

New 
carrying 
amount 
under 
IFRS 9

Original 
carrying 
amount 
under IAS 
39

New 
carrying 
amount 
under 
IFRS 9

€’000

€’000

US$’000

US$’000

Amortised cost

Amortised cost

Amortised cost

Amortised cost

2,837 

2,837 

3,398 

3,398 

27,145

27,145

28,599

28,599

Amortised cost

Amortised cost

693

693 

830 

830 

30,675

30,675

32,827

32,827

Amortised cost

Amortised cost

6,535 

6,535 

7,828 

7,828 

6,535 

6,535 

7,828 

7,828 

These  equity  securities  represent  investments  that  the  Group  intends  to  hold  for  the  long  term  for  strategic  purposes.  As 
permitted by IFRS 9, the Group has designated these investments at the date of initial application as measured at FVOCI. Unlike 
IAS 39, the accumulated fair value reserve related to these investments will never be reclassified to profit or loss. The adoption 
of this classification was based on assessments have been made on the basis of the facts and circumstances that existed at the 
date of initial application. Therefore, the comparative has not been restated.

36

Disposal group classified as held for sale and discontinued operations

Management  of  the  Group  has  a  detailed  plan  and  currently  looking  for  interested  parties  with  respect  to  the  sale  of 
its  subsidiaries,  CJSC  Bulun,  Magsel  LLC  and  Comtrans  LLC,  which  is  involved  in  the  exploration  of  mining  in  the  Russian 
Federation.  The  disposal  is  consistent  with  the  Group’s  long-term  policy  to  refocus  its  activities  as  a  bio-pharmaceutical 
company in 2018. The disposal is expected to be completed in the next following twelve months.

Consequently,  assets  and  liabilities  allocated  the  exploration  segment  of  the  Group  were  classified  as  a  disposal  group. 
Revenues and expenses, gains and losses relating to the discontinuation of this segment have been eliminated from profit 
or  loss  from  the  Group’s  continuing  activities  and  are  shown  as  a  single  line  item  on  the  face  of  the  consolidated  income 
statement. The combined results of the discontinued operations included in the loss for the financial period are set out below. 

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

€’000

€’000

US$’000

31/12/2018

US$’000

Administration expenses (Note 5)

Other losses (Note 7)

Operating loss

Finance costs

Finance income

Loss before tax

Income tax

Loss after tax for the financial year from 
discontinued operations

(94)

(580)

(674)

(2)

-

(676)

-

(676)

(141)

(5)

(146)

(2)

-

(148)

-

(148)

(111)

(670)

(781)

(2)

-

(783)

-

(783)

(159)

(6)

(165)

(3)

-

(168)

-

(168)

75

7.     NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cash flows from discontinued operations

Operating activities

Net cash flows used in discontinued operations

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

31/12/2018

€’000

2018

€

(24)

(24)

€’000

2017

(3)

(3)

US$’000

US$’000

2018

2017

(27)

(27)

€

(4)

(4)

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities in this disposal group are summarised as follows:

-------------------------------------Group------------------------------

2018

€’000

€

449

3

5

24

481

2017

€’000

2018

2017

US$’000

US$’000

€

512

1,451

5

7

27

551

5

5

4

1,465

986

4

4

3

997

Assets classified as held for resale:

Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment (Note 17)

Current assets:

Inventories (Note 20)

Trade and other receivables (Note 21)

Cash and cash equivalents (Note 22)

Assets classified as held for resale

Liabilities classified as held for resale:

Current liabilities:

Liabilities classified as held for resale

8

5

9

6

37

Subsequent events

Acquisition of Additional Interest in IVIX

The  Company  also  had  the  right  to  acquire  a  further  participation  interest  (shareholding)  to  be  issued  by  IVIX  for  US$2.04
million which would increase its overall participation interest in the charter capital of IVIX by 9.9 per cent. On 27 March 2019
the Board of Ovoca approved the acquisition of this further participation interest in IVIX. Following the exercise of the option,
Ovoca now holds an approximately 59.84 per cent interest in the charter capital of IVIX.

 38

Approval of the financial statements

These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors 20 June 2019.

76

Annual
Report
2018