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Pan African Resources PLC

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FY2012 Annual Report · Pan African Resources PLC
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Annual Report 2012

The African Focused Precious Metals Producer

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

a

b

Our vision is to continue 
to build our precious 
metals mining business in Africa
by remaining focused on:

Profitable

Sustainable

Stakeholder

Growth

Achieving this through

People

Action

Results

“In the real world ... it’s the relationships 
– the formal and informal networks of 
people – that really govern how the 
organisation runs and how value is 
created”. Michael Schrage – Wall Street 
Journal – March 1990.

We believe that our People – their 
inside and not their outside – are 
our most valuable asset. Pan African 
Resources believes in fostering these 
relationships by walking the talk with 
regards to integrity and honesty. Our 
employees must share in the wealth 
created by the team and hence we 
strive to improve compensation and the 
standards of living.

Making it happen, motion, movement, 
response to name but a few synonyms. 
People who have a sense of belonging 
and ownership make things happen. 
Action requires proper planning, leading, 
organising and controlling. These are the 
basic principles of any business. We at 
Pan African Resources believe in getting 
things done the right way.

“With the right attitude, human beings 
can move mountains. With the wrong 
attitude, they can be crushed by the 
smallest of grains.”

A group of people who have entered 
into a positive relationship and who 
believe in having a positive attitude 
towards any challenge that they are 
faced with, inevitably leads to achieving 
the planned/desired results. Achieving 
our targets is beneficial to all. We will 
continue to strive towards achieving all 
of our targets set without compromising 
the safety and health of our employees.

Overview of Company Assets and Key 
Strategic Metrics

100% 

Ownership

100% 

Ownership

100% 

Ownership

Barberton Mines†
South Africa

BTRP – Barberton Tailings† 
Retreatment Plant, South Africa

Evander Gold Mines*  
South Africa

•  95koz of Au production per annum
•  Head grade: 10g/t
•  LOM: > 17 years
•  Reserve : 11.34Mt 

•  20koz of Au production per annum
•  Head grade: 1.38g/t
•  LOM: > 10 years
•  Reserve: 6.91Mt  

•  100koz of Au production per annum
•  Head grade: 7.43g/t
•  LOM: > 15 years
•  Reserve: 28.21Mt 

@ 3.17g/t (1.16Moz)

•  Resource: 17.14Mt 

@ 5.35g/t (2.95Moz)

† Including BTRP.

@ 0.54g/t (0.120Moz)

•  Resource: 6.91Mt 

@ 1.38g/t (0.306Moz)

@ 8.45g/t (7.66Moz)
•  Resource: 109.55Mt 

@ 8.16g/t (28.74Moz)

† Included in Barberton Mines’ estimates.

* Excludes surface tailings.

†  A further 6Mt of additional tailings have also 

been valued for possible retreatment.

In  
production

In construction phase: 
first production  
June 2013

In production. 
Acquisition expected  
to be completed by 
December 2012

2

•  Debt free

•  Unhedged

•  Profitable

• 

 Consistent dividend payer

Our strategy is  
to focus on:

•   Low cash cost base

•   High grade margins

•   Long life producing assets

100% 

Ownership

Total Group:  
Excluding Evander Gold Mines  
and Manica

•  115koz of Au production per annum
•  Reserve: 11.34Mt 

@ 3.17g/t (1.16Moz)

•  Resource: 17.14Mt 

@ 5.35g/t (2.95Moz)

Including Evander Gold Mines*

•  215koz of Au production per annum
•   Reserve: 39.5Mt @ 6.94g/t 

(8.8Moz) only underground, 
does not include Evander Gold 
Mines surface resources

•   Resource: 126.7Mt @ 7.77g/t 
(31.6Moz) only underground, 
does not include Evander Gold 
Mines’ surface resources

100% 

Ownership

30%-45%
Ownership

Phoenix Platinum  
South Africa

Manica Gold  
Mozambique

•  Resource: 50.55Mt 

@ 1.82g/t (2.97Moz)

•  12koz 6E
•  Plant feed grade: 3.16g/t
•  LOM: > 17 years
•  Reserve: 4.05Mt  

@ 1.41g/t (0.183Moz)

•  Resource: 4.85Mt 

@ 3.16g/t (0.493Moz)

Building  
to mid-tier status

In  
production

Divest of asset to  
Terranova Minerals NL 
on ASX for strategic 
shareholding. Will retain 
stake of not less than 30%

*	

	The	Evander	Gold	Mines	transaction	is	still	subject	to	a	number	of	conditions	precedent	and	successful	completion	cannot	be	guaranteed.	Shareholders	should	take	cognisance	
of	this	when	combined	figures	for	Evander	Gold	Mines	are	shown.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

3

Geographic Location 
of Mining Operations and Projects

Towns close to project locations
Towns and cities on main roads
Neighbouring countries
Provinces

Botswana

Pilansberg Game Reserve

Mozambique

Limpopo

Kruger National Part

Loskop Dam

Nelspruit

Barberton Mines/BTRP

Middleburg

Barberton

Mafikeng

Kalahari
Desert

Phoenix Platinum

Zeerust

Rustenburg

Gauteng

Pretoria

Johannesburg

Witbank

Northern Cape

South Africa

North West Province
Potchefstroom

Vryburg

Klerksdorp

Kuruman

Taung

Free State

Evander Gold Mines

Secunda

Ermelo

Swaziland

Mpumalanga

KwaZulu-Natal

0 

40 

80

KILOMETRES

N

W

E

S

Company Structure

Pan African Resources PLC
(Incorporated and Registered in England and Wales under the Companies Act 1985
with registration number 3937466 on 25 February 2000)

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Emerald Panther 
Investments 91
(Pty) Limited

Barberton Mines
(Pty) Limited 
(Incorporated in South Africa) 

Phoenix Platinum Mining
(Pty) Limited
(Incorporated in South Africa)

Mistral Resource
Development Corporation
(British Virgin Isles)

Brampton Capital 
Overseas Limited
(British Virgin Isles)

Barberton Mining Operations

Phoenix Platinum Chrome 
Tailings Retreatment Project

Dormant

100%

2%

98%

PT Sands
(Pty) Limited
(Incorporated in South Africa)

Explorata Limitada
(Incorporated in Mozambique)

Manica Gold Project
Mozambique

4

 
 
Table of Contents

Our Vision 
1
Overview of Company Assets and Key Strategic Metrics  2
Geographic Location of Mining Operations and Projects  4
4
Company Structure 
6
Financial Highlights 
8
Salient Features 
9
Financial Summary 
10
Report Profile 
11
Directors’ Responsibility Statement 

Leadership Statements 

Chairman’s Report 
Chief Executive Officer’s Report 
Financial Director’s Report 

Our Business Philosophy 

Stakeholder Engagement 
Corporate Social Investment 
The Transformation Trust 
Sinqobile School Project 
Umjindi Jewellery Project 
Sinqobile Life Skills Centre 
Sinqobile Vegetable Project 
Bursaries for Tertiary Education 

Operations 

Barberton Gold Mining Operations 
Phoenix Platinum CTRP 
Barberton Tailings Retreatment Plant 
Mineral Resources Management (General) 

Corporate Governance 

Board of Directors 
Gap Analysis 
Risk Management 
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 
Audit Committee Report 
Remuneration Report 

Annual Financial Statements 

Table of contents 
Notice of Annual General Meeting 
Explanatory Notes 
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations 
Contact Details 
Form of Proxy – Pan African Resources PLC 

13
14
16
26

31
32
36
38
39
40
41
42
43

45
46
64
74
78

83
91
96
98
100
102
103

105
106
155
156
158
162
163

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

5

Financial Highlights in Context 
of the Four Business Pillars

1. Profitable

• Gross revenue from gold sales increased by 27.65% to £101.1 million  

(2011: £79.2 million).

• Earnings before Interest, Taxation, Depreciation and Amortisation (‘EBITDA’)  

increased 57.89% to £45.0 million (2011: £28.5 million).

• Attributable profit increased by 69.77% to £29.2 million (2011: £17.2 million).
• Earnings per share (‘EPS’) increased by 68.33% to 2.02p (2011: 1.20p).
• Profit margin* increased by 57.19% to US$918/oz (2011: US$584/oz).

*	

	Profit	margin	is	calculated	by	deducting	the	total	cash	cost	in	US$/oz	sold	from	the	average	US$/oz	spot	price	received.

3. Stakeholder

• At Barberton the safety record declined somewhat as the Lost Time Injury  

Frequency Rate (‘LTIFR’) increased to 3.26 (2011: 2.2) and the Serious 
Injury Frequency Rate (‘SIFR’) increased to 0.74 (2011: 0.66). 

• Salaries, wages, bonuses and retirement amounted to £23.8 million 
(2011: £21.7 million) representing 23.54% of Group’s total revenue.
• Completed and opened Sinqobile Primary School at Barberton Mines  

for 950 learners.

• Continue to support Umjindi Jewellery Project, Sinqobile 

Vegetable Project and Sinqobile Skills Development Project.

6

2. Sustainable

• The Group’s cash balance increased by 96.04% to £19.8 million (2011: £10.1 million).
• The Group capital expenditure incurred was £17.4 million (2011: £21.0 million).
• In Rand terms, the cost of production increased by 12.39% 

to ZAR566.0 million (2011: ZAR503.6 million).
• Initiated bursary fund around Barberton area. 

4. Growth

• Announced the acquisition of 100% of Evander Gold Mines.
• Construction of Barberton Tailings Retreatment Plant under way.
• Completed construction of Phoenix Platinum Chrome Tailing Retreatment Plant  

and produced first PGE concentrate at Phoenix.

• Gold reserve† inventory increased by 16.0% to 1.16Moz (2011: 1.0Moz).
• Gold resource† inventory increased by 4.41% to 5.92Moz (2011: 5.67Moz).
• Gold sold increased by 2.44% to 94.449oz (2011: 92.197oz).

†	

	Movement	in	the	reserve	and	resource	inventory	includes	Manica,	but	excludes	the	potential	
impact	of	the	Evander	Gold	Mines	transaction.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

7

Salient Features

Statement of Comprehensive Income
Revenue
EBITDA
Profit After Taxation
Headline Earnings 
Mining Profit
Cost of Production
Impairment Costs
EPS
HEPS
Weighted Average Number of Shares in Issue

Statement of Financial Position
Non-Current Assets*
Current Assets**
Total Equity
Non-Current Liabilities
Current Liabilities

Operating Performance
Barberton Mines
Tonnes Milled
Head grade
Gold Sold
Spot Price Received
Total Cash Costs
Total Cash Costs
Capital Expenditure

 30 June 2012

 30 June 2011 Percentage Change

(£)
(£)
(£)
(£)
(£)
(£)
(£)
(Pence)
(Pence)

101,068,596
45,017,891
29,241,634
29,289,872
51,523,558
(46,122,811)
(48,238)
2.02
2.03
1,445,202,485

79,208,399
28,540,323
17,168,665
17,168,665
30,819,976
(45,345,417)
0
1.20
1.20
1,432,666,738

(£)
(£)
(£)
(£)
(£)

86,075,303
28,478,961
102,625,655
14,001,365
11,062,459

(t)
(g/t)
(oz)
(US$/oz)
(US$/oz)
(ZAR/kg)
(£)

308,095
10.45
94,449
1,694
776
193,360
10,739,237

97,280,540
15,835,425
90,746,110
13,409,571
8,960,284

296,200
10.55
92,197
1,366
781
175,520
6,773,729

27.60
57.73
70.32
70.60
67.18
1.71
100
68.33
69.17
0.87

(11.52)
79.84
13.09
4.41
23.46

4.02
(0.95)
2.44
24.01
(0.64)
10.16
58.57

*	 At	year	end	Phoenix	Platinum	had	not	reached	steady	state	production,	therefore	all	income	and	expenditure	was	capitalised.	
**	 Excluding	non-current	assets	held	for	sale	at	30	June	2012	of	£13.1	million	(2011:	£nil).

The Group had a dynamic and 
busy year, maintaining production 
at our flagship Barberton Mines; 
bringing Phoenix Platinum into 
production in line with our growth 
strategy and successfully bidding 
for Evander Gold Mines.

K Spencer, Chairman

8

Financial Summary

Attributable Profit

Headline Earnings Per Share

35,000,000

30,000,000

25,000,000

20,000,000

£

15,000,000

10,000,000

5,000,000

2008 
_

2009 

2010 

5,025,460

335,401

2011 
_

2012

48,238

5,460,074

4,403,540

14,277,232

17,168,665

29,241,634

Impairment

Attributable 
Profit 

Gold Produced

z
o

105,000

100,000

95,000

90,000

85,000

80,000

75,000

70,000

Surface

Underground

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

e
c
n
e
p

0.50

2.03

1.20

1.07

0.85

0.52

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012

Revenue

120,000,000

100,000,000

80,000,000

£

60,000,000

53,000,352

40,000,000

39,254,557

20,000,000

101,068,596

79,208,399

68,506,394

2008 

13,513

82,436

2009 

3,955

94,909

2010 

_

97,483

2011 

_

92,043

2012

1,068

93,381

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

9

Report Profile

This  annual  report  covers  the  2012  financial  year  from  
1  July  2011  to  30  June  2012,  and  follows  on  from  the  annual 
report published for Pan African Resources’ (‘Pan African’) in the 
previous financial year. The report was compiled in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’), the King 
Report  on  Corporate  Governance  in  South  Africa  (‘King  III’), 
the UK Companies Act and the JSE Listings Requirements.

This  report  outlines  the  activities  of  the  holding  company  Pan 
African which is incorporated in the UK, and its subsidiaries in 
all primary markets where Pan African operates. Its subsidiaries 
are  Barberton  Mines  (Pty)  Limited  (‘Barberton  Mines’)  and 
Phoenix  Platinum  Mining  (Pty)  Limited  (‘Phoenix  Platinum’) 
which are both operating in South Africa and Explorata Limitada 
(‘Manica’) which is operating in Mozambique. The report covers 
the Group’s operational and financial performance.

The  report  also  covers  the  Company’s  engagement  processes 
with  our  many  stakeholders,  and  reports  on  successes  and 
challenges  with  our  Corporate  and  Social  Investment  (‘CSI’) 
and Local Economic Development (‘LED’) projects.

The  Board  recognises  that  this  report  does  not  meet  some 
of the standards set by the guidelines laid out in King III in terms 
of  reporting  on  our ‘non-financial  matters’. We  have,  however, 
attempted to produce a meaningful report, which should assist 
the  reader  in  contextualising  our  Company  within  a  socio, 
economic and environmental landscape, including developments 
and outlook for the year ahead. Our journey towards improved 
integrated reporting is set to continue.

The  source  data  for  this  report  was  gathered  at  our  various 
operations and consolidated at Group level to provide accurate 
information to stakeholders.

Forward-looking statements
This  report  may  contain  statements  that  are  ‘foward-looking 
statements’.  Other  than  the  historical  facts,  they  may  address, 
without  limitation,  exploration  activities,  mining  potential  and 
future plans and objectives of Pan African.

The  Directors  and  management  of  Pan  African  are  of  the 
belief that the expectations expressed in such forward-looking 
statements  or  forward-looking  information  are  based  on 
reasonable assumptions, expectations, estimates and projections. 
However,  such  statements  should  not  be  construed  as  being 
guarantees  or  warranties  (whether  expressed  or  implied)  of 
future  performance  and  reflect  Pan African’s  view  at  the  date 
of publication of this report.

Pan  African  is  not  obliged  to  publicly  update  or  revise  these 
forward-looking  statements  on  events  or  circumstances 
occurring after the date of publication of this report.

Directors’ Responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for preparing the annual report 
and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  applicable  law 
and regulations.

Company  law  requires  the  Directors  to  prepare  such  financial 
statements for each financial year. Under that law, the Directors 
are  required  to  prepare  the  Group  financial  statements  in 
accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards 
(‘IFRS’)  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union  and  Article  4  of 
the IAS Regulation, and have also chosen to prepare the parent 
Company  financial  statements  under  IFRS  as  adopted  by  the 
European  Union.  Under  company  law  the  Directors  must  not 
approve the accounts unless they are satisfied that they give a 
true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of 
the profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing 
these  financial  statements,  International  Accounting  Standards 
requires that Directors:
•  properly select and apply accounting policies;
•   present  information,  including  accounting  policies,  in  a 
manner  that  provides  relevant,  reliable,  comparable  and 
understandable information;

•   provide  additional  disclosures  when  compliance  with  the 
specific requirements in IFRS are insufficient to enable users 
to  understand  the  impact  of  particular  transactions,  other 
events  and  conditions  on  the  entity’s  financial  position  and 
financial performance; and

•   make an assessment of the Company’s ability to continue as 

a going concern.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure 
that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  the  Companies Act 
2008. They  are  also  responsible  for  safeguarding  the  assets  of 
the  Company  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity 
of  the  corporate  and  financial  information  included  on  the 
Company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing 
the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  financial  statements  may 
differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

10

Directors’ Responsibility Statement

We confirm that to the best of our knowledge:
1.   the financial statements, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as adopted by the EU, give a 
true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Company and the undertakings included in the 
consolidation taken as a whole; and

2.   the management report, which is incorporated into the Directors’ report, includes a fair review of the development and performance 
of the business and the position of the Company and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole, together with 
a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face; and

3.   that the Directors are not aware of any legal proceedings or other material conditions that may impact the mining or exploration 

activities of the Group; and

4.   the Directors confirm that the Group holds title to the mining rights as set out in this report.

By Order of the Board

Jan Nelson 
Chief Executive Officer 

26 September 2012  

Busi Sitole
Financial Director

26 September 2012

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our sustainability is intrinsically 
linked to our stakeholders and we 
remain cognisant of our responsibilities 
to our employees, our communities 
and our stakeholders.

Chairman

Chief Executive Officer

Financial Director

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

13

Chairman’s Report

“

With the proposed 
acquisition of 
Evander Gold Mines 
the decision was 
taken to not declare 
a dividend for the 
year. We intend to 
resume a dividend 
payment in 2013.

“

The  gold  market  remained  strong  during  the  year  as  the 
world  economies  struggled  through  turbulent  times  with  gold 
providing a safe-haven investment. As long as these economies 
are  uncertain,  we  believe  that  the  fundamentals  for  gold  will 
remain sound and that the gold price outlook for the short to 
medium  term  will  continue  to  be  favourable.  Platinum  Group 
Metals,  classified  as  both  precious  and  industrial  metals,  are  in 
oversupply  and  will  continue  as  such  that  way  until  the  world 
economy starts recovering or supply is reduced.

Economic  growth  in  South  Africa,  as  with  the  developed 
world, has slowed over the past year and inflationary pressures 
continue. Costs over the past year were well controlled at the 
operations, however, the cost of electricity from the state-owned 
utility  Eskom  will  be  a  concern.  In  the  past  number  of  years, 
electricity  increases  significantly  above  the  inflation  rate  have 
been  implemented  and  once  again  this  year  double-digit  price 
increases  are  anticipated.  Management  at  our  operations  have 
put programmes in place to minimise electricity wastage and to 
explore alternative energy sources.

Our  sustainability  is  irrevocably  linked  to  the  communities  in 
which  we  operate,  and  we  are  aware  of  our  responsibilities 
not only to our employees but also to the greater community. 
It  is  our  policy  to  treat  all  our  employees  equally  and  as  fairly 
as  possible,  and  the  operations  are  structured  to  deliver 
performance  while  operating  safely. We  are  committed  to  the 

14

highest  levels  of  transparency  and  ethical  conduct  in  all  facets 
of the Group right down to the rock face. We understand that 
good  Corporate  Governance  is  essential  and  are  committed 
to  complying  with  all  legislation  of  the  countries  in  which  we 
operate, as well as the rules of the stock exchanges on which 
we are listed. To this end, we have instituted a system of internal 
controls and auditing as well as a risk management programme 
which we constantly review.

We  were  pleased  that  the  South  African  Government  has 
confirmed  that  nationalisation  of  the  mines  and  the  mining 
industry is not a policy objective, which has caused a degree of 
uncertainty among investors in the past.

The Group had a dynamic and busy year, maintaining production 
at  its  flagship  Barberton  Mines;  bringing  Phoenix  Platinum  into 
production; and in line with our growth strategy, and succeeding 
successfully  in  bidding  for  Evander  Gold  Mines  subject  to  a 
number of conditions precedent. Evander Gold Mines is a high 
margin asset that should improve the Group’s gold production 
to more than 200koz a year.

Pan African Resources outperformed the JSE all-share index and 
the AIM all-share index by 63.44% and 62.80% respectively, and 
the JSE mining index and the FTSE 350 mining index by 82.99% 
and 74.49% over the past year. Shareholders received a 30% plus 
return based solely on the share price escalation and more with 
the reinvestment of their received dividend.

The year’s excellent safety record was unfortunately marred by a 
fatal accident at Barberton Mines in May 2012. The focus remains 
to continue to improve on our already impressive statistics with 
the ultimate goal that no one is injured while at work.

operations. This acquisition will bring much needed ore reserves 
into the Group and is considered the highlight of the year.

The first two phases of the Sinqobile School in Barberton were 
completed  and  the  doors  opened  to  950  pupils  in  July  2012. 
The  Sinqobile  Life  Skills  Centre  provided  training  to  various 
young community members in technical skills, which is intended 
to  provide  them  with  a  base  for  further  training  and  gainful 
employment  in  the  future. These  skills  include  sewing,  bread 
baking, welding and brickmaking. The Sinqobile Vegetable Project 
has been expanded and the Umjindi Jewellery Project continues 
to  attract  interest  in  that  sector. To  this  end,  a Transformation 
Trust  has  been  created  which  is  funded  jointly  by  Barberton 
Mines as well as suppliers who donate a percentage of the cost 
of goods and their services provided.

After  the  financial  year  end  Pan African  Resources  announced 
the sale of the Group’s Mozambique-based exploration project, 
Manica  to  Auroch  Minerals  Mozambique,  a  wholly-owned 
subsidiary  of  Australian-listed  Terranova  Minerals  NL.  Our 
strategy is no longer to bring exploration projects up the value 
curve and consider Auroch’s executive team to be better suited 
in bringing this asset into production. Pan African Resources will 
remain a minority shareholder in Auroch.

Pan African’s dividend policy is to pay an annual dividend, subject 
to the capital requirements of the Company. With the proposed 
acquisition  of  Evander  Gold  Mines,  available  cash  will  be  used 
to  fund  the  transaction.  Consequently,  the  decision  was  taken 
to  not  declare  a  dividend  for  the  year. We  remain  committed 
to continue with the Company’s dividend policy and intend to 
resume the dividend payment in the 2013 financial year should 
normal legal and commercial considerations permit us to.

Barberton  Mines  had  another  solid  production  year  and, 
together  with  a  continued  high  gold  price,  produced  record 
profits.  The  team  directed  its  sizeable  capital  expenditure 
budget into rehabilitating ageing infrastructure and exploring for 
new  orebodies.  Construction  work  on  the  Barberton Tailings 
Retreatment  Plant  is  progressing  well  and  the  commissioning 
of  the  plant  remains  scheduled  for  the  second  half  of  2013. 
The  criminal  mining  problem  of  the  past,  where  illegal  miners 
entered  the  mines  and  stole  exposed  gold  ore,  has  been 
managed well with no major incidents reported during the year.

During  the  year,  Cyril  Ramaphosa  resigned  as  Chairman  due 
to other commitments and, as Deputy Chair, I succeeded Cyril. 
Cyril,  as  Chairman  of  our  major  shareholder  Shanduka,  still 
remains involved and we extend our thanks and that of the Board 
to him for his wise counsel during his tenure as Chairman. Earlier 
in the year, we welcomed Phuti Mahanyele and Hester Hickey 
to the Board. Phuti, the CEO of Shanduka, brings the input from 
our major shareholder and Hester, who has mining, accounting 
and auditing background, joined as an Independent Director and 
has taken over the Chairmanship of the Audit Committee.

Phoenix  Platinum  Retreatment  Operation 
commenced 
production  during  the  year  and  after  the  anticipated  teething 
problems  settled  down  to  start  producing  concentrate  in 
November 2011. The concentrate is sold to a local refinery for 
final extraction of Platinum Group Metals.

I would like to offer my sincere thanks to my fellow Directors, 
Jan Nelson our CEO, and to all the staff at the corporate office 
and  at  the  operations  for  their  tireless  efforts  during  a  very 
successful year. I would also like to thank all the shareholders for 
their continued support.

On  30  May  2012,  Pan  African  Resources  entered  into  an 
agreement with Harmony to acquire Evander Gold Mines for a 
total price of £116.2 million. The Company intends to fund the 
purchase consideration by a combination of an issue of shares, 
available cash and debt. These operations are located in the far 
eastern limb of the Witwatersrand Basin. The mines are in the 
upper  quartile  of  gold  grade  in  the  basin  and  are  high  margin 

Keith Spencer
26 September 2012

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

15

Chief Executive Officer’s Report

“

Our successful 
bid for Evander 
Gold Mines is a 
game changer and 
propels the Group 
into mid-tier status. 
On completion, 
the Group expects 
to double gold 
production output.

“

Reflecting on Our 
Road to Success
Over  the  past  five  years,  we  have  transformed  Pan  African 
Resources from an explorer with limited cash resources into a 
highly  profitable,  precious  metals  producer. The  Company  has 
grown  significant  cash  reserves,  developed  and  delivered  on 
an  organic  growth  pipeline  of  projects,  achieved  a  heightened 
operational excellence and paid dividends.

The announcement of the acquisition of the Evander Gold Mines 
will  ensure  that  the  Group  will  continue  to  be  able  to  deliver 
stakeholder returns well into the future.

Applying a Responsible and 
Sustainable Business Approach
The Company has developed a simple yet very powerful model 
to ensure that all the stakeholders involved in the business are 
aligned  to  our  common  vision,  which  is  to  build  a  sustainable 
and  profitable  African  focused  precious  metals  mining  group. 
We intend to realise our vision through the strategic acquisition 
and development of assets close to or in production, that have 
(a)  significant  grade  margin,  (b)  a  low  cash  cost  profile  and 
(c)  a  significant  production  life. We  will  also  continue  to  seek 

Pan African Resources views itself as 
a partner with the communities and 
environments in which we operate. 
Harmonious, mutually beneficial 
relationships and interactions are crucial 
to the sustainability of our business. 

16

and develop strategic partnerships to achieve our vision as we 
have successfully done in the past.

Our intention is that all stakeholders participate in defining the 
strategic objectives and also in the action plans that are required 
to  support  our  vision.  Ideally,  this  creates  a  platform  whereby 
all stakeholders can map out their requirements of the Group, 
and  also  gain  an  understanding  of  the  collective  expectations 
of  the  Group.  In  this  way,  everyone  understands  the  realities 
and  collective  sacrifices  to  be  made.  During  the  year  we  have 
successfully  engaged  our  employees,  investors,  communities 
and regulators, but admit that certain stakeholders’ engagements 
were  more  focused  and  beneficial  than  other  groups.  We 
will  continue  to  embark  on  a  process  to  expand  our  focus 
and feedback to all stakeholder groups.

With the Engagement and 
Support of Our Communities
In South Africa, in particular, and for that matter the rest of the world, 
a sustainable and successful business cannot be built in isolation 
from the environment in which we operate. This is important from 

an environmental, legislative and commercial perspective but even 
more so in taking into consideration the communities close to our 
mining operations. The community provides a useful resource and 
can be of great support commercially, politically and economically. 
Our  growth  has  not  come  at  the  expense  of  this  stakeholder 
group and we have proactively engaged them to ascertain their 
ideas, needs and requirements.

Our  Social  and  Labour  Plan  activities  stem  from  proper  and 
due  consultation  with  the  relevant  role  players  in  the  local 
communities.  Over  the  year,  we  completed  numerous  local 
economic development and social responsibility projects at the 
request  of  the  communities.  One  project  that  we  completed 
this year and that we are extremely proud of, is the construction 
of  the  Sinqobile  Primary  School  that  can  accommodate 
950 learners. We opened the doors to the school in July 2012 
with  the  assistance  of  local  community  members  at  a  cost  of 
ZAR6.7 million. We are delighted that our local children will have 
a better chance in life with an improved primary education from 
this new school. Other successful ongoing projects include the 
Umjindi Jewellery Project, which received full accreditation with 
the MQA, and the Vegetable Project that was handed over to its 
beneficiaries and the Provincial Department of Agriculture.

An Integrated Business Approach

Company ‘well-being’ is only sustainable if all stakeholders share and buy into 
the Company vision and strategy.

Shareholders

Profitability 
and sustainability 
of business

Communities around 
our mining operations

Employees and 
business partners

Arrows represent a common understanding, respect and attitude towards safe performance behaviour delivering on Company 
strategy that rewards all stakeholders.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

17

Chief Executive Officer’s Report
Continued

Community  support  will  only  come  if  we  jointly  develop  a 
long-term  programme  of  intellectual  and  capital  support  that 
will  see  the  community  grow  and  prosper  with  the  mining 
operation.  In  addition  to  our  ongoing  CSI  initiative,  the  Board 
has  allocated  capital  resources  of  ZAR500,000  for  2013  for  a 
Youth Development and Employment programme at Barberton 
Mines to be directly overseen by me. For further details on our 
community projects, refer to page 36.

Through a Well-skilled 
and Enabled Team

The  Company  represents  a  diverse  skill  talent  pool  of  mining 
professionals  with  a  proven  track  record  of  delivery  over  the 
past five years. These individuals have contributed to the success 
and empowering culture of Pan African Resources.

On  the  completion  of  the  Evander  Gold  Mines  transaction, 
the Group will grow to a team of over 5,000 people from our 
current 2,000 people. This team represents a diverse cultural and 
ethnic make-up with many years of practical mining experience. 
The  Group  experience  profile  covers  all  aspects  of  mining. 
Very few other mid-tier producers have such a diverse resource 
pool available with such honed talent.

Our  commitment  to  and 
implementation  of  community 
development  projects  and  two-way  communication  approach 
to  our  employees  have  ensured  few  disruptions  to  our  mining 
operations. Stakeholder engagement will continue to be part of 
our focus and we will continue to allocate a considerable amount 
of time to engage with all stakeholders, ensuring employees remain 
focused  on  the  business  objectives  and  obtaining  feedback  and 
addressing stakeholder issues in a timely and harmonious manner.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1  Jan Nelson – Chief Executive Officer
2  Ron Holding – Executive: Mining Operations
3  Busi Sitole – Financial Director
4  Casper Strydom – General Manager: Barberton Mines
5  Thandeka Ncube – Executive: Corporate and Social Development 
6  Manny da Silva – General Manager: Evander Gold Mines
7  Andre vd Bergh – Executive: Human Resources
8  Pieter Wiese – Executive: New Business

18

It all Starts With the Right Orebody

A  critical  part  of  the  success  of  Pan  African  Resources  rests 
on the quality of our orebodies. The Board has developed and 
implemented certain key criteria that our orebodies must meet. 
This applies to the development of our organic projects as well 
as to the choice of our acquisitions.

The  Group  remains  focused  on  only  mining  and  developing 
orebodies  within  the  precious  metals  sector  in  South  Africa 
with a:
•  high grade margin;
•  low cash cost profile; and
•  long Life of Mine (‘LOM’).

Creating an Enabling 
Environment: Our 
Competitive Advantage
Labour costs represent an average of 49% of total cost. Some 
may  see  this  as  a  disadvantage,  especially  in  light  of  the  South 
African landscape we operate in, but we see this as a significant 
competitive  advantage.  The  Group  nurtures  a  culture  of 
engagement  with  our  labour  force  through  the  creation  of  an 
enabling  environment  that  allows  all  individuals  to  apply  their 
minds and share their ideas in their areas of focus. We continue 
to believe that if all our people are encouraged to actively think 
about the business, we will see a positive impact on productivity.

The above criteria will ensure that we retain a significant margin 
between our cash costs and metal price received. Should metal 
prices decline, the Group will be able to continue to generate 
profit  margins  due  to  the  quality  and  mining  cost  profile  of 
the  orebodies. The  Group  has  also,  over  the  past  three  years, 
implemented  a  Mineral  Resource  Management  programme  to 
ensure  that  focus  remains  on  mining  at  optimum  grade  and 
the  life  of  operations  are  extended  to  ensure  sustainability.  
Over  the  past  year,  we  have  invested  £3.2  million  in  our 
orebodies,  creating  the  flexibility  and  infrastructure  required 
to create cost efficiencies and extend LOM.

Group Capital Expenditure

Phoenix Platinum Mineral Rights 
Phoenix Platinum Plant Construction
Barberton Mines BTRP
Barberton Mines Maintenance Capital
Barberton Mines Development Capital

300,000,000

250,000,000

200,000,000

150,000,000

R
A
Z

100,000,000

50,000,000

0

12 months
ended
2008

12 months
ended
2009

12 months
ended
2010

12 months
ended
2011

12 months
ended
2012

By  creating  an  enabling  environment  for  our  People,  they  are 
able,  through  their  actions,  to  impact  on  our  orebody. This  is 
how we ensure that we deliver Results that we are proud of.

P (People) A (Action) R (Results) is our productivity recipe. Easy 
to  remember  because  it’s  also  the  acronym  by  which  we  are 
known.

We  don’t  expect  people  to  be  productive  and  strive  for  an 
improvement in productivity if underground conditions are not 
conducive  to  such  improvements.  As  a  result,  the  Company 
works  with  our  people  to  ensure  that  we  create  a  safe 
underground environment which allows continued improvement 
in  performance.  The  Group  has  more  than  doubled  capital 
expenditure  over  the  past  five  years,  which  is  one  of  the 
reasons the Company is able to continue to deliver results on a 
sustainable basis.

Creating  an  enabling  environment  is  not  just  about  money  – 
it  is  also  about  listening  to  the  people  in  the  organisation  and 
allowing  them  to  make  decisions.  It  is  about  clear  and  brutal 
honesty  focused  on  the  issue  and  not  the  person.  It  is  about 
adopting a culture of respect and trust. It is also about allowing 
people to learn by making mistakes.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

19

Chief Executive Officer’s Report
Continued

In an environment where mining inflation is increasing on average 
by 14% and limited improvements are possible on most costs, it 
is a clear advantage to be able to impact on 49% of our cost base 
by investing in our people!

In Continued Pursuit 
of Operational Excellence
Barberton Mines Limited (‘BML’)
Our Core Asset
Barberton  Mines  sold  94,449oz  of  gold  during  the  year,  an 
increase  of  2.44%  from  the  previous  year  (2011:  92,197oz). 
Mining  operations  accounted  for  308,095  tonnes  milled,  an 
increase of 4.02% from the prior year (2011: 296,200 tonnes). 
The  increase  in  tonnes  milled  was  mostly  due  to  surface 
stockpiles  totalling  26,054  tonnes  (at  a  head  grade  of  1.8g/t), 
yielding 1,068oz of gold.

Head grade and overall recoveries remained relatively constant 
at  10.45g/t  (2011:  10.55g/t)  and  91.22%  (2011:  90.80%) 
respectively.

Total  cash  costs  per  ounce  decreased  by  0.64% 
to  
US$776/oz (2011: US$781/oz). However, in Rand per kilogram 
terms, total cash costs increased by 10.16% to ZAR193,360/kg 
(2011: ZAR175,520/kg).

Total  capital  expenditure  at  Barberton  Mines  increased  by 
57.35% to £10.7 million (2011: £6.8 million). Maintenance capital 
expenditure of £3.1 million (2011: £3.6 million) and development 
capital  expenditure  of  £3.1  million  (2011:  £3.2  million)  were 
incurred.  The  BTRP  capital  expenditure  at  the  end  of  the 
financial year totalled £4.5 million.

Barberton Tailings Retreatment 
Plant (‘BTRP’)
  Adding Significant Organic Production 
Growth at Barberton Mines
As a consequence of successful metallurgical test work carried 
out on composite drill hole samples drilled during the previous 
financial  year,  the  potential  of  retreating  the  Bramber  tailings 
dam  was  assessed  in  a  feasibility  study.  The  project  viability 
was  confirmed  in  an  independent  review  by  Venmyn  Rand 
(Pty)  Limited  and  during  November  2011  the  Company’s 
Board  of  Directors  (‘Board’)  approved  capital  of  £23.2  million 
(ZAR300 million) for the BTRP Project at Barberton Mines.

Detailed  engineering  process  and 
flow  design,  to  treat 
approximately 1.2Mt per annum, was carried out by Basil Read 

Matomo. When in production, the BTRP will increase the annual 
gold  production  profile  at  Barberton  Mines  by  20,000oz  to 
115,000oz. With  a  cost  structure  of  US$700/oz  this  project  is 
well in line with the Company’s strategy of developing low cost, 
high margin projects.

The construction of the BTRP on a site adjoining the Bramber 
Tailings  Storage  Facility  (‘TSF’)  is  well  underway  and  on  target 
to commence cold commissioning in April 2013. Additional land 
adjacent to the current tailings dam extension has been acquired 
for  a TSF  and  the  Environmental  Impact Assessment  (‘EIA’)  is 
to  be  completed  by  December  2012. The TSF  will  be  ready 
for use when the commissioning phase of the BTRP begins by 
end April 2013.

The  life  of  the  BTRP  Project  has  been  augmented  by  auger 
drilling  on  an  additional  6Mt  of  tailings  at  the  Consort Tailings 
dam, extending the Life of Project from six to ten years.

Final commissioning is scheduled to be completed in June 2013 
and production build-up is planned from July 2013.

Phoenix Platinum Chrome Tailings 
Retreatment Plant (‘CTRP’)
First Production of Platinum Group Metals
The  Phoenix  Project  has  a  total  South  African  Code  for 
Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral 
Reserves  (‘SAMREC’)  compliant  resource  of  493,000oz  PGM 
4Es (4,853,000 tonnes at 3.16g/t PGM 4Es in	situ).

The  project is  expected to  produce 211,000oz PGM  6Es at a 
plant  recovery  of  45%  over  the  17-year  life  of  the  operation 
with a planned annual retreatment capacity of 240,000 tonnes. 
The  total  capital  cost  required  to  construct  and  commission 
the  plant  was  £8.5  million  (ZAR104  million). The  cost  for  the 
plant was funded from existing cash resources within the Group. 
A sale of concentrate agreement was concluded with Western 
Platinum  Limited  (‘WPL’),  a  subsidiary  of  Lonmin  PLC,  during 
November 2011.

The  construction  of  the  CTRP  was  completed  in  November 
2011 with the first low-grade concentrate delivered to WPL at 
the end of December 2011.

During the hot commissioning phase the metallurgists continued 
with  CTRP  stabilisation  to  achieve  steady  state  concentrate 
production. The International Ferro Metals Limited (‘IFM’) feed 
source to the CTRP prior to January 2012 originated from the 
IFM Lesedi underground operations and this sulphide rich tailings 
material was the basis of the original CTRP project flotation test 
work. Due to financial considerations IFM drastically cut back on 

20

the Lesedi underground tonnes and moved mining operations to 
the low-cost opencast oxidised ore section at Skychrome.

This  opencast  material  is  highly  oxidised  and  contains  poor 
quality chrome and low PGE grades. Feeding this current arisings 
material into the CTRP is not ideal as the highly oxidised tailings 
do not float properly. The metallurgy of oxidised tailings negatively 
affects  recovery  and  grade,  leading  to  poor  PGE  concentrate 
production. The oxide to sulphide ratio contained in the run of 
mine ore from the IFM opencast pits will reduce proportionately 
with  the  increase  in  depth  of  the  mining  cut. Various  options 
are being investigated to address the effect of the highly oxidised 
feed source, recoveries and final concentrate grade.

Manica Gold Exploration Project
Investment of Project as Separate Listed Vehicle 
with a New Strategic Partner On Track
During  the  period  under  review  the  Group  entered  into 
negotiations  with  certain  strategic  partners  to  divest  of  the 
project.  A  separate  management  team  was  put  in  place 
to  a)  assist  the  Group  with  its  divestment  strategy  and  b) 
ensure  compliance  with  its  current  obligations  on  the  project. 
The  Group’s  divestment  strategy  allows  for  the  project  to  be 
disposed for a consideration of cash and shares over a period 
of three years. During this period the Group will remain a non-
controlling  shareholder  and  will  not  assume  management  nor 
financial responsibility for advancing the project. Further details 
of the status of this strategy are provided in the ‘Events after the 
reporting period’ section.

Acquisition of Evander Gold Mines
 Game Changer for the Group (Propelling Pan 
African Resources into Mid-tier Status)
On  30  May  2012  Pan African  Resources  advised  shareholders 
that it entered into an agreement (‘Acquisition Agreement’) with 
Harmony which was amended on 15 August 2012 to acquire the 
entire issued share capital and claims against Evander Gold Mines 
for a total purchase consideration of £116.2 million, subject to 
certain terms and conditions more fully described below.

Background to Evander Gold Mines 
and Rationale for the Transaction
Evander  Gold  Mines,  currently  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary 
of  Harmony,  mines  and  produces  gold  and  related  products 
and is located in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Evander Gold Mines’ 
total  underground  resources  represent  28.74Moz  (110Mt 
@ 8.16g/t) and a reserve of 7.66Moz (28Mt @ 8.45g/t) and its 
operations comprise,	inter	alia:

•   Evander 8 Shaft, which has an expected Life of Mine of more 
than  15  years  and  is  producing  approximately  100,000oz 
of gold per annum;

•   Various  development  projects  comprising  Evander  South, 

Rolspruit and Poplar;

•   Evander  Gold  Mines’  surface  resources  of  1.89Moz  (203Mt 

@ 0.29g/t) comprising existing tailings dumps; and

•   Kinross  metallurgical  processing 

facility  and  associated 

infrastructure and buildings.

The Evander Gold Mines operations generated production profit, 
as published by Harmony, for the full year ended 30 June 2012  
of £52 million, before tax and other charges, up from £16.7 million 
for  the  previous  year. This  was  mainly  the  result  of  Harmony 
investing  approximately  £21  million  to  upgrade  and  improve 
the underground rock handling and ventilation infrastructure at 
Evander 8 Shaft.

Evander Gold Mines meets Pan African’s investment criteria of a 
long life, high grade, high margin, quality asset. Upon completion of 
the transaction, the Group will increase its underground reserve 
from 1.02Moz (3.9Mt @ 8.0g/t) to 8.8Moz (39.5Mt @ 6.94g/t) 
and its underground resource from 2.45Moz (8.3Mt @ 9.22g/t) 
to 34.7Moz (177Mt @ 6.08g/t) The acquisition is expected to be 
earnings accretive, and potentially allows the Group to double 
its  current  gold  production  profile.  Upon  completion  of  the 
transaction the single mine risk of the Group will be removed.

Transaction Terms and Conditions
Conditions Precedent (‘Conditions’):
The Transaction is subject to, inter	alia, the fulfilment or, where 
possible, waiver of the following conditions:
•   The  Transaction  being  unconditionally  approved  by  the 
South  African  competition  authorities  by  no  later  than  
31 August 2012 (condition fulfilled on 26 July 2012);

•   Evander  Gold  Mines  entering  into  a  new  electricity  supply 
agreement with Eskom by no later than 31 October 2012, on 
terms  and  conditions  acceptable  to  Pan African  Resources 
(condition not yet fulfilled);

•   Pan  African  Resources  obtaining  irrevocable  undertakings 
from  shareholders  controlling  no  less  than  50%  of  Pan 
African’s  issued  share  capital,  to  vote  in  favour  of  the 
Transaction  by  no  later  than  31  October  2012  (condition 
fulfilled on 3 September 2012);

•   Pan African  Resources  obtaining  all  the  requisite  approvals 
for the Transaction from the stock exchanges upon which it 
is listed by no later than 31 October 2012 (condition not yet 
fulfilled);

•    Pan African Resources obtaining approval from shareholders 
for  the  Transaction  and  all  resolutions  ancillary  to  the 
implementation  of  the  Transaction,  by  no  later  than 
31 October 2012 (condition not yet fulfilled); and

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

21

Chief Executive Officer’s Report
Continued

•   The  parties  to  the  Transaction  (‘Parties’)  obtaining  the 
necessary consent for the Transaction from the Department 
of Mineral Resources (‘DMR’) in terms of Section 11 of the 
Mineral  and  Petroleum  Resources  Development  Act  28 
of  2002  by  no  later  than  30  June  2013  (condition  not  yet 
fulfilled). 

 In  terms  of  the  Acquisition  Agreement,  the  Purchaser  is 
entitled  to  waive  the  Condition  pertaining  to  Irrevocable 
Undertakings  and  each  of  Harmony  and  the  Purchaser 
is  entitled  to  extend  the  relevant  date  for  fulfilment  of 
the  Conditions  pertaining  to  Shareholder  Approval  for 
a  period  of  30  days. The  closing  date  for  the Transaction 
shall  be  the  later  of  30  November  2012  or  the  tenth 
business  day  after  which  all  the  conditions  precedent  to 
the Transaction  are  fulfilled  or  waived,  as  the  case  may  be.  
The  intention  of  the  Parties  is  that  the  Closing  Date  shall 
be 30 November 2012.

Except  for  the  condition  to  enter  into  a  new  electricity 
supply  agreement  with  Eskom  (expected  to  occur  before  
31 October 2012) and obtaining the necessary consent from the 
DMR in terms of Section 11, all other conditions not yet fulfilled 
can only be fulfilled upon shareholders’ approval of the transaction.

Purchase Consideration
In  terms  of  the Acquisition Agreement,  Pan African  Resources 
shall acquire the entire issued share capital of and claims against 
Evander Gold Mines for a total consideration of £116.2 million 
(ZAR1.5 billion) to be settled in cash in the following manner:

•   Pan African Resources shall pay to Harmony an amount of 
no  less  than  £77.5  million  (ZAR1  billion)  (‘Deposit’)  upon 
the fulfilment or waiver of all the Conditions, other than the 
necessary Consent for the transaction from the Department 
of Mineral Resources in terms of Section 11 of the Mineral 
and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002; and
•   Pan African Resources shall pay to Harmony the remainder 
of  the  Purchase  Consideration,  being  no  more  than  £38.7 
million  (ZAR500  million),  in  cash,  upon  fulfilment  of  the 
Consent  for  the  Transaction  from  the  Department  of 
Mineral  Resources  in  terms  of  Section  11  of  the  Mineral 
and  Petroleum  Resources  Development  Act  28  of  2002. 
In the event that the above condition is not fulfilled and the 
Transaction is not implemented, Harmony shall be required 
to repay the Deposit to Pan African Resources, with interest, 
calculated  at  5%  per  annum,  thereon. The  Deposit  shall  be 
secured  by  various  security  cessions  and  mortgage  bonds 
over the assets of Evander Gold Mines and the gold proceeds 
earned by Evander Gold Mines. All cash and profits generated 
by Evander Gold Mines from 1 April 2012 onwards are for 
the benefit of Pan African Resources.

22

Break Fee
•   The Parties have agreed to a Break Fee arrangement in terms 
of which Pan African Resources shall pay to Harmony a Break 
Fee of £3.87 million (ZAR50 million);

•   The Full Break Fee was payable in two separate tranches and 
shall  be  deducted  from  the  Purchase  Consideration  in  the 
event that the Transaction is successfully implemented;

•   The  first  tranche  of  the  Full  Break  Fee  is  an  amount 
of  £1.55  million  (ZAR20  million)  and  was  paid  within  five 
business days of the Signature Date (paid on 31 May 2012);
•   The  second  tranche  of  the  Full  Break  Fee  is  an  amount 
of  £2.32  million  (ZAR30  million)  which  was  paid  within 
five business days from the date upon which the Condition 
pertaining  to  Irrevocable  Undertakings  was  fulfilled  or 
waived, as the case may be (paid on 16 August 2012);

•   The  parties  have  agreed  that  the  Full  Break  Fee  will  be 
deductible from the £77.5 million (ZAR1 billion) deposit;
•   If the Condition pertaining to Irrevocable Undertakings were 
not  fulfilled  or  waived,  the  First Tranche  Break  Fee  shall  be 
non-refundable;

•   The Full Break Fee shall be non-refundable in the event that 
the Transaction is not concluded as a result of the Condition 
pertaining to Shareholder Approval not being fulfilled; and
•   In all other instances, the Full Break Fee shall be refundable 

to Pan African Resources.

Funding the Transaction
When  considering  the  funding  of  the Transaction,  Pan  African 
Resources  has  formulated  an  approach  consistent  with  its 
philosophy  of  ensuring  that  its  business  provides  profitable, 
sustainable stakeholder growth.

With  this  in  mind,  Pan African  Resources  intends  funding  the 
Transaction through a combination of:
•   third party Debt Financing (‘Debt Financing’);
•   its  current  cash  reserves  and  cash  generated  through  the 
operations  of  and  potential  strategic  disposals  of  non-core 
assets  by  Pan  African  Resources  and  Evander  Gold  Mines 
until the Closing Date (‘Cash Reserves’); and

•   to the extent necessary, through the issue of new ordinary 
shares in the share capital of Pan African Resources for cash.

Debt Financing
Pan African  Resources  is  in  the  process  of  securing  additional 
Debt  Financing  from  third  party  lenders  upon  terms  and 
conditions acceptable to Pan African Resources to a total amount 
not exceeding £46.5 million (ZAR600 million) for the Group.

 
In  terms  of  the  Subscription  Commitments,  the  Bookbuild 
Participants have committed to, inter	alia:
•   follow their rights in terms of the Rights Offer; and/or
•   apply  for  so  many  excess  Rights  Offer  Shares  in  terms 
of  the  Rights  Offer,  so  as  to  ensure  a  total  minimum 
capital  commitment  to  the  Rights  Offer  of  £54.2  million 
(ZAR700 million) (‘Secured Capital’).

The combination of the Subscription Commitments, the Voting 
Undertakings  and  the  Secured  Capital  allows  Pan  African 
Resources and/or Special Purpose Vehicle (‘SPV’) to:
•   discharge  its/their  obligations  to  Harmony  in  respect  of  a 
portion  of  the  Purchase  Consideration  (or  the  Deposit,  as 
the case may be); and

•   extend  the  Rights  Offer  to  both  the  JSE  and AIM  markets 
and  thereby  allow  the  majority  of  its  shareholders  trading 
or  residing  within  jurisdictions  that  are  not  restricted  from 
participating  in  the  Rights  Offer  (further  details  of  which 
will be set out in the Rights Offer circular to shareholders) 
to participate in the Rights Offer.

On  3  September  2012  Pan  African  Resources  signed  the 
Bookbuild commitment agreements.
The Subscription Price constitutes a discount of approximately:
•   3.7% relative to the closing price of the Shares as traded on the 
exchange operated by the JSE Limited (‘JSE’) on 30 May 2012, 
being the date when the Evander Gold Mines transaction was 
announced;

•   3.7% relative to the volume weighted average Share price as 
traded on the JSE for the 30 trading days ended on 30 May 
2012; and

•   4.2% relative to the volume weighted average Share price as 
traded on the JSE over the period from the Announcement 
date up to and including 15 August 2012, being the period 
during which the Bookbuild was conducted.

Pan African Resources will compensate the Bookbuild Participants 
for providing the Subscription Commitments by paying them a 
liquidity fee equal to 2% of the Secured Capital.

Cash Resources
As at 25 September 2012 Pan African Resources has available 
cash  resources  in  the  amount  of  approximately  £20.2  million 
(ZAR261 million), a portion of which may be utilised for purposes 
of  partially  settling  the  Purchase  Consideration.  Furthermore, 
cash generated from Pan African’s Barberton Mines and Phoenix 
Platinum operations up until the Closing Date may be utilised for 
purposes of partially settling the Purchase Consideration.

In  addition,  the  purchase  consideration  shall  be  reduced  by 
any  distributions  made  by  Evander  Gold  Mines  from  interim 
period  profits. As  a  result,  Pan African  Resources  is  confident 
that a considerable contribution towards the settlement of the 
purchase  consideration  may  arise  from  a  combination  of  cash 
resources and distributions.

Equity Capital Raising
Pan  African  Resources  intends  to  finance  a  portion  of  the 
Purchase  Consideration  through  the  issue  of  new  Pan African 
Resources  ordinary  shares  (‘Rights  Offer  Shares’)  by  way  of  a 
rights offer (‘Rights Offer’), as referred to in the announcement 
published on 30 May 2012 (‘Announcement’).

Pan  African  Resources  authorised  a  bookbuild  exercise 
(‘Bookbuild’),  which  was  conducted  with,  inter	 alia,  the  lead 
institutional  shareholders  of  the  Company  and  Pan  African’s 
Black  Economic  Empowerment 
Shanduka 
Resources  (‘Bookbuild  Participants’)  with  a  view  to  obtaining 
sufficient capital subscription commitments to secure the funding 
of a portion of the Purchase Consideration and, in particular, the 
potential ZAR1 billion deposit (‘Deposit’) which, at Harmony’s 
election, may become due and payable on 30 November 2012.

shareholder, 

On  17  August  2012  Pan  African  Resources  announced  that 
the  Bookbuild  Participants  had  collectively  and  irrevocably 
committed to:
•   subscribe  for  Rights  Offer  Shares  up  to  an  aggregate 
amount of £54.2 million (ZAR700 million), upon the Rights 
Offer  and  the Transaction  being  approved  by  shareholders 
(‘Subscription Commitments’); and

•   vote  in  favour  of  all  the  requisite  resolutions  (‘Transaction 
Resolutions’) pertaining to the Transaction, the Rights Offer 
and matters ancillary thereto (‘Voting Undertakings’).

The  Subscription  Commitments  were  given  by  the  Bookbuild 
Participants at an issue price of ZAR1.90 per Rights Offer Share 
(‘Subscription Price’). The aggregate Voting Undertakings secured 
by Pan African Resources represent approximately 57% of the 
current total issued ordinary shares of the Company (‘Shares’).

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

23

Chief Executive Officer’s Report
Continued

The Bookbuild outcome is summarised in the table below:

Bookbuild Participants

Voting
Undertakings
(Shares)

Subscription
Commitments
(Rands)

Investec Asset Management

141,785,423

231,000,000

Coronation Asset Management

160,000,000

220,000,000

Shanduka Gold

366,168,585

125,000,000

Allan Gray

97,074,447

75,000,000

Public Investment Corporation

39,894,492

19,282,500

Directors and others*

18,942,752

29,717,500

Total voting undertakings/ 
subscription commitments**

823,865,699

700,000,000

*	

	Including	JP	Nelson,	RG	Still	and	JAJ	Loots,	being	Directors	of	Pan	African	Resources	
(‘Directors’)	and	who	hold	or	represent	certain	direct	and/or	beneficial	and/or	other	
indirect/non-beneficial	Shares.	No	other	Directors	hold	Shares	as	at	the	date	of	this	
announcement.

**		 Total	Voting	Undertakings	will	represent	56.9%	of	the	current	shares	in	issue.

Pro Forma Financial Effects 
and Salient Dates
The  pro  forma  financial  effects  of  the  Transaction  on  the 
reported financial information of Pan African Resources, as well 
as the salient dates and times relating to the implementation of 
the Transaction will be announced by Pan African Resources as 
soon as they have been determined.

Categorisation and Circular

The Transaction is classified as a category 1 Transaction for Pan 
African Resources in accordance with Section 9 of the JSE Limited 
Listings Requirements. A circular containing further information 
pertaining  to  the Transaction  will  be  posted,  together  with  a 
notice of a general meeting, to shareholders in due course.

Group Risk Profile
Understanding and Maintaining 
Our Competitive Advantage

The major strategic advantage of the Group has been its ability 
to  keep  cash  costs  down,  generate  profit  and  pay  a  dividend. 
On an operational level this has been the result of our high grade 
of orebodies, the technical skill base of our people and a small 
company management culture.

Group cash costs will increase with the acquisition of Evander 
Gold Mines, but this will be offset by the higher mining grades 
and more consistent pay shoots at Evander Gold Mines. Inclusive 

24

of  the  Group’s  tailings retreatment projects  (Phoenix  Platinum 
on  a  gold  ounce  equivalent  basis  and  BTRP)  overall  Group 
cash costs remain the same in spite of rising mining inflation of 
about 14%.

The Group will continue to drive Mineral Resource Management 
to ensure optimum grade profiles are achieved on a sustainable 
basis.  Capital  and  management  resources  will  continue  to  be 
allocated to improve underground working conditions in order 
to drive productivity and efficiency and control cost escalation.

The  Company  will  continue  to  be  managed  on  the  basis  of 
separate  management  teams  at  each  operation  with  support 
from  a  small  corporate  executive  team.  The  acquisition 
of Evander Gold Mines also expands the operational and skills 
base of the Group considerably.

The Board believes that this approach will ensure that Pan African 
Resources remains a viable business irrespective of commodity 
cycle  fluctuation  and  a  rising  cost  inflation  environment. 
The Board continues to monitor and rank the key risks identified 
by  the  executive  and  individual  management  teams.  Action 
plans  are  discussed  and,  where  appropriate,  implemented 
to ameliorate risks. 

regret 

is  with 

Mine Safety and Health
that  on  
to 
that  we  have 
It 
29  May  2012  at  approximately  19:20  an  underground  general 
shaft  worker,  Mr  Christopher  Makhosonke  Hlela  was  fatally 
injured  underground  when  a  measuring  flask  of  a  rock  loading 
station at the Fairview No 3 Shaft bottom dislodged and struck him.

report 

The  failure  of  the  measuring  flask  could  not  be  foreseen  or 
detected by weekly inspections; no single action was identified 
as  the  reason  for  the  death  of  Mr  Hlela.  No  other  person 
contravened  the  requirements  of  the  Act  or  regulations, 
however,  the  following  actions  were  recommended  and  have 
been implemented at the mine:
•   The mine must revise the design, construction, operation and 

maintenance of box fronts, chutes and measuring flasks.

•   The code of practice for the safe operation of draw points, 
tipping points, rock passes and box fronts must be revised.
•   The  code  of  practice  must  include  the  timely  replacement 

of parts of the equipment that may fail.

•   Procedures  and  training  must  be  amended  to  provide  for 
the  changes  in  the  risk  assessment  and  code  of  practice. 
All relevant persons must be retrained.

•   A system of inspections and planned task observations must 
be implemented to ensure compliance to training, rules and 
legislation.

The Group remains committed to the safety and health of all its 
employees and continues to review its procedures on a regular 
basis as part of its focus on a behaviour-based safety approach.

Our Future: Driving Operational 
Performance, Organic Growth 
and Strategic Partnerships

The offer to acquire Evander Gold Mines from Harmony marks 
a  significant  milestone  in  the  future  growth  of  the  Company. 
On successful completion, the transaction will allow the Group 
to double gold production output. Mineral reserves will increase 
from  just  over  1Moz  to  close  to  9Moz  ensuring  a  sustainable 
future. A  pipeline  of  brownfield  projects  will  become  available 
around  current  mining  areas  that  can  be  developed  to  unlock 
future value. Such development will be funded from internal cash 
flows without impeding on future dividend payments.

No  major  project  development  will  be  undertaken  without 
shareholder approval. 

In the coming year:
•  No further major acquisitions.
•  Successful integration of Evander Gold Mines.
•  Commissioning of BTRP.
•   Continue  to  safely  optimise  profits  from  the  operations  in 

the Group.

•  Complete the divestment of Manica Project.
•  Resume dividend payment.

The  Group  will  continue  to  differentiate  itself  from  its  peer 
group and pursue its strategy of investment into orebodies with 
high  grades,  high  margins  and  a  long  life.  Our  people,  through 
their  actions,  will  produce  the  results  and  we  will  continue 
to invest in their well-being and skills upliftment.

I would like to offer my sincere thanks to my fellow Directors 
and to all the staff at the Corporate Office and the Operations 
for their tireless efforts during a very successful year.  We would 
also like to thank all the shareholders for their continued support 
and we look forward to continuing our journey as an emerging 
mid-tier precious metals producer.

Jan Nelson
26 September 2012

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

25

Financial Director’s Report

“

Strong annual results 
with five years 
of consistently 
improved profits. 

“

This report needs to be read in conjunction with the consolidated 
annual financial statements on pages 114 to 154.

As mentioned in the Chairman’s and CEO’s reports, Pan African 
Resources has delivered an exceptional set of results for the year 
ended 30 June 2012.

2012 Features
•   Group  revenue  in  ZAR  terms  exceeded  ZAR1bn  (2011: 
ZAR879.7) and in £ terms, £101.1 million (2011: £79.2 million).
•   EPS and HEPS up 68.33% and 69.17% to 2.02p (2011: 1.20p) 

and 2.03p (2011: 1.20p) respectively.

•   Cash  and  cash  equivalents 

increased  by  96.04%  to 

£19.8 million (2011: £10.1 million).

•   Successful  implementation  of  a  new  Enterprise  Resource 
Planning (‘ERP’) system at Barberton Mines which is expected 
to improve financial control and reporting.

•  All BTRP capital funded from internal cash flows.
•   Successful  bid  for  the  acquisition  of  Evander  Gold  Mines 

from Harmony.

26

Key Drivers of the 
Group’s Results
Exchange Rates

Pan African Resources is incorporated in England and Wales, and 
its  reporting  currency  is  Pound  Sterling  (‘£’).  Barberton  Mines 
and Phoenix Platinum are South African incorporated companies, 
and  their  functional  and  reporting  currency  is  ZAR.  Manica  is 
a  Mozambican  incorporated  company  and  its  functional  and 
reporting currency is Meticals (‘MZN’).

When  Barberton  Mines,  Phoenix  Platinum  and  the  Company 
financial  statements  are  translated  into  £  for  the  purposes  of 
Group  consolidation  and  reporting,  the  annual  average  and 
year  end  closing  ZAR:£  exchange  rates  affect  the  Group’s 
consolidated  financial  results.  In  the  current  financial  year,  the 
average ZAR:£ exchange rate was 12.27:1 (2011: 11.11:1), and 
the  closing  ZAR:£  exchange  rate  was  12.91:1  (2011:  10.94:1). 
The  year-on-year  change  in  the  average  and  closing  exchange 
rates  of  10.44%  and  18.01%  respectively  must  be  taken  into 
account for the purposes of comparing year-on-year results.

The  annual  average  and  year  end  closing  ZAR:US$  exchange 
rates  were  7.75:1  (2011:  6.99:1),  and  the  closing  ZAR:US$ 
exchange  rate  was  8.27:1  (2011:  6.83:1).  The  year-on-year 
change in the average and closing exchange rates of 10.87% and 
21.08% respectively must be taken into account for the purposes 
of comparison.

When Manica financial statements are translated into £ for the 
purposes  of  Group  consolidation  and  reporting,  the  year  end 
closing MZN:£ exchange rate affects the Group’s consolidated 
financial results. In the current financial year the average MZN:£ 
exchange  rate  was  42.76:1(2011:  52.64:1)  and  the  closing 
MZN:£  exchange  rate  was  43.25:1(2011:  45.33:1). The  year-
on-year  change  in  the  average  and  closing  exchange  rates  of 
18.77% and 4.59% respectively must be taken into account for 
the purposes of comparing year-on-year results.

Commodity Prices
During  the  year,  the  Group  realised  an  average  gold  price  of 
US$1,694/oz (ZAR422,215/kg), an increase of 24.01% (37.64%) 
from  US$1,366/oz  (ZAR306,757/kg).  During  the  reporting 
period,  the  gold  price  varied  between  a  low  of  US$1,483/oz 
and a high of US$1,985/oz. In ZAR terms the gold price varied 
between a low of ZAR321,608/kg and a high of ZAR467,512/kg.

Platinum  Group  Metals’  (‘PGM’)  prices  were  lower  during  the 
year under review averaging US$992/oz primarily because of the 
slowdown  in  the  global  economy.  However,  short-term  supply 

pressure  should  support  prices  at  current  levels  for  the  next 
year, which will be our first year of reporting PGM revenue from 
Phoenix Platinum.

Inflation and Cost Escalation
The  Group  experienced  cost  of  production  inflation  in  ZAR 
terms  of  12.39%  during  the  year  under  review. The  impact  of 
inflation on the Group’s unit costs was mitigated to some extent 
by the Group’s cost and efficiency improvement initiatives.

Statement of Comprehensive Income

Gross  revenue  from  gold  sales  increased  by  27.65%  to 
£101.1  million  (2011:  £79.2  million). The  increase  in  revenue 
was mainly attributed to a 24.01% increase in the average US$ 
gold spot price received to US$1,694/oz (2011: US$1,366/oz). 
The increase in gross revenue was however negatively impacted 
by the appreciation of the £ against the ZAR during the reporting 
period, the £ appreciating by 10.44% from ZAR:£11.11 to 12.27. 
The  average  US$:ZAR  exchange  rate  was  10.87%  weaker  at 
ZAR7.75  compared  to  the  previous  year  (2011:  ZAR6.99), 
which  positively 
in  ZAR. 
The effective ZAR gold price was 37.64% higher at ZAR422,215/kg  
(2011: ZAR306,757/kg).

impacted 

received 

revenue 

Group  mining  profit  grew  by  67.21%  to  £51.5  million 
(2011:  £30.8  million).  The  profit  margin  in  ZAR  terms 
also  substantially  increased  by  74.38%  to  ZAR228,855/kg 
(2011: ZAR131,237/kg) due to the favourable gold price received 
during the year under review. The total cash cost per kilogram 
increased by 10.16% to ZAR193,360/kg (2011: ZAR175,520/kg). 
In US$ terms the total cash cost per ounce decreased by 0.64% 
to US$776/oz (2011: US$781/oz).

Total Cash Cost vs Average Gold Price Received

1 800

1 600

1 400

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

z
o
/
$
S
U

Total Cash Cost/oz

Average Gold Price 
Received $/oz

12 months
ended
2008

12 months
ended
2009

12 months
ended
2010

12 months
ended
2011

12 months
ended
2012

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

27

Financial Director’s Report
Continued

Cost  of  production  only  increased  by  1.77%  to  £46.1  million 
(2011: £45.3 million). In Rand terms, cost of production increased 
by  12.39%  to  ZAR566.0  million  (2011:  ZAR503.6  million). 
This  increase  is  mainly  attributable  to  a  27.13%  increase  in 
electricity  costs  to  ZAR62.8  million  (2011:  ZAR49.4  million), 
engineering  and  technical  services  costs  increasing  by  21.65% 
to ZAR50 million (2011: ZAR41.1 million) and salary, wages and 
other staff expenses increasing by 18.72% to ZAR275.9 million 
(2011:  ZAR232.4  million). These  increases  were  offset  by  the 
reduction  in  security  costs,  which  were  down  by  12.76%  to 
ZAR29.4 million (2011: ZAR33.7 million) and processing costs 
reducing by 5.11% to ZAR50.1 million (2011: ZAR52.8 million).

Cash Cost Breakdown
Cash Cost Breakdown (excluding Capex)
Year ended 30 June 2012 (%)

11

9

9

4

5

13

49

Totals:
£46,122,811
R566,031,940
US$776/oz

increased  by  58.33%  to  £3.8  million  (2011:  £2.4  million)  due 
to increased revenue.

EBITDA  for  the  year  under  review  was  £45.0  million 
(2011:  £28.5  million),  an  increase  of  57.89%.  EPS  increased  by 
68.33%  to  2.02p  (2011:  1.20p)  and  HEPS  were  up  69.17%  to 
2.03p (2011: 1.20p), supported by increased revenue from gold 
sales. The HEPS was slightly higher in comparison to the EPS due 
to an impairment charge of £0.05 million. The impairment relates 
to Barberton Mines’ Segalla plant which is held for sale; the net 
book value was impaired to the agreement sale price.

Group  income  tax  increased  by  41.30%  to  £13.0  million 
(2011:  £9.2  million),  in  line  with  the  increase  in  profits  before 
tax.  During  the  year  under  review,  South Africa’s  gold  mining 
income  tax  formula  was  reduced  due  to  the  introduction 
of  withholding  tax  on  dividends  that  replaced  the  secondary 
tax  on  companies  resulting  in  the  ZAR  effective  tax  rate  of 
Barberton Mines decreasing to 29.1% (2011: 34.5%).

Accounting for the 
Phoenix Project
The  construction  of  the  Phoenix  CTRP  (‘Chrome  Tailings 
Retreatment  Plant’)  was  completed  in  early  November  2011, 
with  hot  commissioning  commencing  thereafter  and  the  first 
concentrate  being  produced  at  the  beginning  of  December 
2011.  During  the  testing  phase,  all  the  expenditures  incurred 
were capitalised and the plant was declared to be brought into 
use for accounting purposes in July 2012.

Cash Cost Breakdown (excluding Capex)
Year ended 30 June 2011 (%)

Statement of Financial Position

10

8

10

5

7

14

46

Totals:
£45,345,417
R503,592,598
US$781/oz

Other  expenses 
to  £5.9  million 
increased  110.71% 
(2011:  £2.8  million)  largely  due  to  once  off  costs  associated 
with Evander Gold Mines’ acquisition amounting to £0.9 million, 
costs  related  to  the  sale  of  Manica  amounting  to  £0.5  million, 
community project costs of £1.2 million and cash-settled share 
option expense of £0.8 million. The royalty charge for the year 

28

Statement  of  financial  position  improved  significantly  during 
the year. The increase was, however, partly offset by the effects of 
the stronger closing £ currency against the Rand which resulted 
in a negative translation reserve of £1.9 million in 2012 compared 
to a positive translation reserve of £8.3 million in 2011.

Current  assets  excluding  non-current  assets  held  for  sale, 
increased  by  80.38%  to  £28.5  million  (2011:  £15.8  million). 
This was primarily due to a higher cash balance and an increase 
in  debtors  due  to  the  higher  value  of  gold  shipped  on  the 
last  day  of  the  financial  year  compared  to  the  previous  year. 
Net asset value (‘NAV’) per share increased by 13.06% to 7.09p 
(2011: 6.28p) and tangible NAV per share increased by 22.83% 
to 4.73p (2011: 3.85p).

Non-current  assets  decreased  by  11.51%  to  £86.1  million 
(2011:  £97.3  million),  mainly  due  to  assets  which  have  been 
classified as held for sale. These assets relate to Manica assets and 
Barberton’s  Segalla  plant.  Pan  African  Resources  entered  into 
an  agreement  with Terranova  Minerals  NL  to  sell  the  Group’s 

interest  in  the  Manica  Project  detailed  further  under  ‘Events 
after  the  reporting  period’  note  in  the  Directors’  report. This 
transaction is expected to be finalised within the next financial 
year.

Current  liabilities  increased  by  23.33%  to  £11.1  million 
(2011: £9.0 million) due to outstanding income and royalty tax. 
The Group remains debt free with an untapped revolving credit 
facility of £11.6 million.

Statement of Cash Flow

The Group’s cash and cash equivalents increased by 96.04% to 
£19.8 million (2011: £10.1 million). This increase was mainly due 
to  increased  cash  generated  from  operations  of  £30.6  million 
(2011:  £16.6  million),  up  by  84.34%  from  2011  after  making 
significant  payments 
including  dividends  of  £7.4  million 
(2011: £5.4 million), income tax of £8.4 million (2011: £8.3 million) 
and royalty charge of £3.3 million (2011: £2.4 million). Cash used 
in  investing  activities  of  £17.4  million  mainly  related  to  capital 
expenditures  for  Barberton’s  maintenance  and  development 
capital expenditures, Phoenix and Barberton Tailings Project.

Looking Ahead
Our  key  financial  focus  for  the  2013  financial  year  will  include 
the following:
•   maximising margins by containing costs based on a forecasted 
average  gold  price  of  ZAR400,000/kg,  PGM  basket  price 

of  US$1,030/oz,  and  exchange  rates  of  US$:ZAR  8.34  and 
£:ZAR 13.26;

•   maximising  cash  generation  and  increasing  our  revolving 
credit  facility  to  ensure  sufficient  funding  for  BTRP  and  on 
mine capital expenditure;

•   securing funding for the Evander Gold Mines transaction by 
concluding the rights issue with our shareholders and finalising 
debt finance with third parties; and

•   integrating  Evander  Gold  Mines’  financial  systems  into  the 
Pan African  Resources  Group,  which  will  include  migrating 
Harmony’s shared services over to Pan African Resources.

Thank You
Many thanks to the Board and to my colleagues and in particular 
Jan Nelson for their assistance and support since my appointment 
in December 2011.

Busi Sitole

26 September 2012

Shareholders received a 30%+ 
return based solely on our 
share price escalation.

B Sitole, Financial Director

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

29

In South Africa, in particular, and 
for that matter the rest of the world, 
a sustainable and successful business 
cannot be built in isolation from the 
environment in which one operates. 

Stakeholder Engagement

Towards Sustainability

Corporate Social Investment

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

31

Stakeholder Engagement

Broad Based Black Economic 
Empowerment (BBBEE) or Black 
Economic Empowerment (BEE)
Pan  African  Resources  is  committed  to  the  principles  and 
objectives of BBBEE and reports on its achievements based on 
the BBBEE pillars as discussed below.

Ownership
Pan  African  Resources  enjoys  a  constructive  and  valuable 
relationship  with  its  BEE  partner,  Shanduka  Resources  via 
its  wholly-owned 
subsidiary  Shanduka  Gold.  Shanduka 
owns  25.28%  of  the  Group  and  actively  assists  with  fulfilling 
government requirements regarding BEE as well as engaging with 
the management team on ideas and opportunities.

Human Resources Development 
and Employment Equity
Pan  African  Resources  complies  with  both  the  Employment 
Equity Act and the Skills Development Act. The Group submitted 
a  Workplace  Skills  Plan,  an  Annual  Training  Report  and  an 
Employment Equity Report for the financial year 2011/2012. We 
were  also  audited  by  the  Department  of  Labour  in  February 
2012  during  which  all  of  these  reports  were  discussed  with 
the  Company’s  Employment  Equity  Committee.  One  non-
conformance  had  been  issued  which  has  subsequently  been 
addressed. We have also established a Future Forum Committee 
that convenes quarterly.

The progress made in terms of our Employment Equity targets 
is as follows:

2012
Target 
%

2012
Actual 
%

2014
Target 
%

20
28
32
44
57
90

20
27
32
45
57
90

40
40
50
60
70
90

Top Management
Senior Management
Middle Management
Junior Management
Other officials
Learnerships

Procurement and 
Enterprise Development
Pan African Resources supports the development of small and 
medium Black-owned enterprises. Procurement spent from BEE 
entities was as follows:

Capital Goods 
Services
Consumable Goods

Actual
2012
%

26
42
34

Target 
2014
%

40
70
50

Community Development and 
Corporate Social Investment
Details of the community projects and our CSI initiatives can be 
viewed from page 36 in this report.

Communication
The  Company  believes  that  communication  is  a  two-way 
process, and the communication efforts are conducted formally 
on a daily, monthly and quarterly basis in line with the needs of 
each stakeholder group.

We  consider  our  communication  efforts  to  be  at  the  heart 
of  much  of  our  success  over  the  last  five  years.  We  foster 
good  relationships  with  all  our  stakeholders  who  include  our 
employees,  our  recognised  unions  (NUM  and  UASA),  the 
community, local government and our shareholders.

Formal  communication  takes  place  via  recognised  structures, 
which  include  monthly  shaft  committee  meetings,  branch 
committee  meetings,  the  local  community  forum,  the  IDP 
and LED offices as well as the in-house, day-to-day informal and 
formal meetings between supervisors, managers and employees.

The  communication  process  is  enhanced  through  a  monthly 
management briefing and on a quarterly basis, a roadshow and 
straight talk session conducted by the CEO.

Labour Unions
Barberton Mines
South African labour relations are highly regulated and the Group 
complies  with  the  Labour  Relations Act,  the  Basic  Conditions 
of  Employment  Act  and  the  Employment  Equity  Act.  Under 
these  regulations,  our  activities  are  monitored  by  state  agents 
with whom we meet annually.

Management at Barberton Mines engages with their labour force 
via the legally recognised NUM and UASA unions. 

Phoenix Platinum
Phoenix  employs  approximately  50  contractors  and  five  full- 
time  employees  on  the  plant.  Contractual  agreements  with 
the contractors are revisited in January each year and market- 
related  increases  apply.  The  five  full-time  employees’  salaries 
are negotiated directly at Head Office.

32

Shareholder Report
Pan African  Resources  conducts  a  proactive  investor  relations 
programme  during  the  year  which  enables  dialogue  with  all 
shareholders  and  analysts  to  communicate  the  Company’s 
strategy,  rationale 
investment  case. 
for  acquisitions  and 
The programme includes:
•   presentations and dial-in conference calls at the time of annual 

and interim results;

•   attendance  and  speaking  at  sector  and  commodity-related 
conferences in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Europe and 
the United States;

•   briefing  meetings  and  calls  with  all  major  institutions  and 

interested research houses during the year; 
•  hosting of site visits and investor lunches; and
•   proactive  SENS  and  press  announcements  and  relationship 
building  with  stakeholders  to  promote  understanding  of 
the Group.

Top 16 Shareholders Movement: 2012 Compared to 2011

Shares in issue 1,448,262,361 (2011: 1,444,040,711)

Investment Managers

Rank

Name

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Shanduka Gold (Pty) Limited

Coronation Fund Managers

Allan Gray Investment Council

Investec Asset Management (South Africa)

Investec Asset Management (UK)

Public Investment Corporation of the Republic of South Africa

Sunvest Corporation

Barclays Personal Investment Management

RMB Asset Management (Pty) Limited

Hargreaves Lansdown Asset Management

US Global Investors

TD Direct Investing

Selftrade

LSV Asset Management

Kagiso Asset Management 

Old Mutual Life Assurance 

Commentary

•   Geographical  ownership 

including  Black 

Economic 

Empowerment:

  o  SA 
  o  UK 
  o  Channel Islands 
   o  US  
  o  Other 

56.12%
24.17%
4.82%
3.01%
11.88%

Jun 2012
Number 
of Shares

366,168,585

158,571,455

114,466,244

92,067,989

51,516,434

39,894,492

33,200,000

21,912,325

21,536,511

20,642,400

15,000,000

14,754,970

12,125,540

11,988,716

11,741,397

10,194,755

Jun 2012
%

25.28

10.95

Jun 2011
%

25.36

16.06

7.9

6.36

3.56

2.75

2.29

1.51

1.49

1.43

1.04

0.95

0.84

0.83

0.81

0.7

7.78

10

0.88

–

2.29

1.7

0.69

1.16

0.56

1.08

0.97

0.22

0.48

–

  Directors’ ownership:
  o  J Nelson:  
  o   R Still:  

  o  C Loots:  

    1,122,442 (beneficial)
    2,000,000 (beneficial) 
  14,224,696 (indirect non-beneficial)
        65,000 (beneficial)

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

33

 
Stakeholder Engagement
Continued

Share Price Performance 2012

PAN SJ Equity (R1) 200.00 unch 

GOLDS Comdty (R2) 1,605.05 +60 
JMNNG Index (R3) 29,229.32 -86.20

PAN SJ Equity – Volume 0.679 -3.392

220

200

180

160

1,900

1,850

1,800

1,750

1,700

1,650

1,605.05

140

37,000

36,000

35,000

34,000

33,000

32,000

31,000

30,000

1,550

29,000

120
20

15

10

5

n
o

i
l
l
i

M

Jul 2011

JSE Limited Commentary
•   Pan African’s  JSE  share  price  is  up  70.63%  for  the  year  to 
close  at  200  cents  per  share  on  29  June  2012,  with  a  high 
of 215 cents on 8 February 2012 and a low of 126 cents on 
8 August 2011.

•   A total of 556 million shares were traded during the year at 
a total value of R1.023 billion with an average of 2.2 million 
trades per day.

•   Pan African’s share outperformed the JSE all-share by 63.44% 

and the JSE mining index by 82.99% over the year.

AIM Commentary
•   Pan African’s AIM share price is up 40.91% for the year with a 
high of 18.25p on 27 February 2012 and a low of 10.88p on 
8 August 2011.

•   A total of 362 million shares were traded during the year at 
a total value of R53.7 million with an average of 1.4 million 
trades per day.

0.679

Jul 2012

Source:	Bloomberg.

•   Pan  African’s  share  outperformed  the  AIM  all-share  index 
by 62.80% and the FTSE 350 mining index by 74.49% over 
the year.

Shareholder Returns
JSE-listed  shareholders  received  a  return  of  37.93%  over  the 
year based solely on the share price escalation, and would have 
received  a  43.67%  return  if  they  had  reinvested  the  annual 
dividend back into the share.

AIM-listed  shareholders  received  a  return  of  15.88%  over  the 
year based solely on the share price escalation, and would have 
received  a  20.06%  return  if  they  had  reinvested  the  annual 
dividend back into the share.

34

Towards a Sustainable Business
Pan  African  Resources  believes  that  in  order  to  create  an 
operationally  sustainable  business,  the  flow  of  communication 
and  interests  of  stakeholders  must  overlap.  Only  through  the 
consideration of all the stakeholders, will the business succeed in 
aligning the needs and requirements of all, so that the business 
can operate in balance and harmony.

The  South African  Government  has  set  targets  for  the  mining 
industry  in  terms  of  social  development  and  community 
upliftment  that  are  laid  out  in  the  Mining  Charter. We  strive 
to  meet  as  well  as  exceed  these  targets  as  the  creation  of  a 
community where opportunity and development is available to 
all supports our efforts for a successful mining operation. 

The  stakeholder  groups  need  to  constantly  overlap,  in  terms 
of  understanding  and  communication,  to  create  the  core  of 
collective  interest.  Should  any  of  the  stakeholders  move  away 
from the core, the business shall falter in its attempts to remain 
sustainable.

Employees and communities should also benefit from our mining 
activities, and we continue to undertake a number of community 
projects to which we provide funding and support. Our goal is 
that these projects become fully sustainable organisations in their 
own right.

An Integrated Business Approach

Company ‘well-being’ is only sustainable if all stakeholders share and buy into 
the Company vision and strategy.

Shareholders

Profitability 
and sustainability 
of business

Communities around 
our mining operations

Employees and 
business partners

Arrows represent a common understanding, respect and attitude towards safe performance behaviour delivering on Company 
strategy that rewards all stakeholders.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

35

Corporate Social Investment

The Group conducts a number of specified 
CSI projects and also responds to ad hoc 
requests for support in the communities.

Various local home-based care/drop-in centres and soup kitchens 
in and around Umjindi are continuously being supported through 
the provision of meals to TB/HIV patients, orphans and the frail. 

Amount spent

‘Making a 
difference in the 
community’

ZAR2.2m

During the year, the Group has responded to requests and:
•   assisted building churches;
•   funded  the  St  Johns  mission  with  financial  support  to  their 

HIV orphans;

•   supported HIV and AIDS programmes at five local primary 

schools; and

•   assisted  with  waste  management  recycling  programmes  at 

various schools.

The team at Barberton Mines is committed to making a difference 
and will continue and enforce efforts in order to ensure a better 
life for all our employees and the communities surrounding us.

36

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

37

The Transformation Trust

The Transformation Trust’s aim is 
to improve the quality of life of the 
local surrounding communities.

The Group established a Transformation Trust in 2011 with the 
aim of improving the quality of life of local communities around 
the  mine  through  local  economic  development,  job  creation 
and  socio-economic  development.  In  addition  to  our  Social 
and Labour Plan (‘SLP’) obligations, Barberton Mines will provide 
some  ZAR5.6  million  seed  funding  into  the Trust  for  a  range 
of  developmental  projects. The Trust  is  also  being  offered  as  a 
vehicle to suppliers to Barberton Mines for socio-economic and 
enterprise development projects.

‘Fully  
functional 
July 2012’

The Trust  became  fully  functional  from  July  2012  and  the  first 
invoices  were  sent  to  suppliers  during  October  2012,  which 
will continue on a quarterly basis. The Trust has been structured 
so  that  the  contributions  of  suppliers  will  count  towards  their 
BBBEE Scorecards. The Trust has brought its project portfolio in 
line with the Integrated Development Plan of the Umjindi Local 
Municipality for implementation in the 2012/2013 financial year.

38

Sinqobile School Project

We are especially pleased that during 
this financial year, Pan African’s 
subsidiary, Barberton Mines, in 
partnership with Adopt-a-School 
completed and officially handed 
over the Sinqobile School Project 
to the Department of Education.

Amount spent

Milestones achieved

ZAR6.7m

•  Opening of 

16 classrooms
•  A 100m road to 
link the school to 
the township

Located  in  the  Sinqobile  Township,  which  surrounds  the 
Barberton  Mines,  the  primary  school  will  provide  education 
facilities  to  950  learners  from  the  Sinqobile  community  and 
surrounding areas including learners from two existing schools, 
the  Dixie  Primary  School,  which  is  in  a  poor  condition,  and 
the Fairview Primary school, which is currently overcrowded.

identified  the  need 

The project was initiated in 2006, under Barberton Mines Socio- 
Economic  Development  Plan,  when  Fairview  Primary  School’s 
Governing  Body  in  consultation  with  the  recently  formalised 
Sinqobile  Community 
for  additional 
education  facilities  for  the  community. Through  the  municipal 
township  establishment  process,  Umjindi  Local  Municipality 
donated  4  hectares  of  land  for  a  primary  school  in  Sinqobile 
Township. The  completed  phases  (phase  one  and  two)  of  the 
project  which  were  officially  opened  on  16  July  2012,  include 
16  classrooms,  a  kitchen  facility,  a  sports  field,  two  ablution 
blocks, school furniture and fencing. A 100m road was included 
to link the school to the Sinqobile Township.

The  maintenance  of  the  school  will  become  the  responsibility 
of  the  Department  of  Education,  but  Barberton  Mines  will 
continue to be involved.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

39

Umjindi Jewellery Project

The Project is the first institution 
in Mpumalanga to provide 
training in precious metal arts 
and jewellery manufacturing. 

The purpose of the project is to provide much needed artisan 
skills  to  the  previously  disadvantaged  youth  in  the  community. 
Students are taught the skill of precious metal arts and jewellery 
manufacturing  through  practical  training  and  a  mentorship 
programme. Jewellery manufacturing skills are constantly revised 
with new techniques and machinery.

Amount spent

ZAR4.2m

‘Full 
accreditation 
from MQA’

Two  senior  full-time  goldsmiths  were  appointed  this  year  to 
ensure  skills  transfer  and  a  high  quality  of  training  to  trainees. 
The  project  also  received  full  accreditation  with  the  MQA 
(Mining  Qualifications  Authority)  and  can  now  provide 
certificated training up to Level 4, which provides learners with a 
qualification that enables them to be employed in the jewellery 
industry. This project is the first training institution in Mpumalanga 
to be able to provide such training.

The 14 students currently attending the project, have produced a 
variety of jewellery, inspired by the local people and environment. 
The jewellery is marketed and sold through an agreement with 
the  Jacaranda Tree  Company,  which  markets  the  jewellery  on 
the  project’s  behalf  in  London  through  the  John  Lewis  stores. 
This  marketing  campaign  has  not  gained  the  required  traction 
from the project and further local marketing initiatives have been 
considered, including a marketing website which is set to go live 
in the next financial year.

40

Sinqobile Life Skills Centre

This Life Skills Development 
Centre provides technical skills in 
arc welding, sewing, bread baking 
and brick manufacturing. 

During  the  2011/2012  financial  year,  the  centre  trained 
120  young  people  from  the  surrounding  communities  in 
various  technical  skills. As  a  direct  result  of  this  initiative,  three 
primary  cooperatives  have  been  established  which  operate 
out  of  the  skills  centre. The  initiatives  have  created  numerous 
self-employment  opportunities  to  those  associated  members 
through small business developments.

Amount spent

Milestones achieved

ZAR1.0m

•  12 local members 

graduated in welding
•  Five women shortlisted 

to join Sewing 
Cooperative

The centre developed further initiatives during the 2011/2012 
financial year.

The Umjindi Welding Primary Cooperative Limited
After  initial  training  in  arc  welding,  12  young  local  members 
graduated to this primary cooperative that awarded the students 
the  opportunity  to  utilise  their  welding  skills  and  manufacture 
window frames for the Sinqobile School Project.

The cooperative also supplies various households and hardware 
stores such as MICA Barberton with quality steel window frames 
and other steel-related products.

Kuhlekwethu Sewing Cooperative Limited
A number of female trainees from the sewing class of March 2011 
presented  their  future  plans  and  vision  of  supplying  Barberton 
Mines with quality work-wear and boilermaker suits. Five women 
were shortlisted to join the sewing cooperative and in May 2012, 
Barberton Mines awarded the sewing cooperative an opportunity 
to supply the mine with about 100 work-wear suits a month, at 
an agreed upon sales price, with effect from July 2012. Samples 
of their work have been sent to the SABS and are awaiting their 
quality stamp of approval.

Tenteleni Brick Cooperative Limited
This  cooperative  consists  of  seven  members  who  have  been 
skilled  in  and  produce  stock  bricks  for  the  Sinqobile  School 
Project. The  members  provide  the  bricks  and Adopt-a-School 
are  invoiced  at  an  agreed  price. The  cooperative  also  supplies 
surrounding households with stock bricks and supplies.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

41

Sinqobile Vegetable Project

The Sinqobile Vegetable Project 
was started in 2006 as a means to 
plant, grow and produce seasonal 
vegetables, such as cabbages, spinach, 
beetroot, lettuce, onions, carrots, green 
peppers, green beans and pumpkins.

Amount spent

ZAR0.2m

‘Blueprint  
in our  
Community’

Operating  a  1,200m2  piece  of  land  donated  by  the  mine, 
the produced vegetables are sold to the local supermarkets, such 
as Pick n Pay, hawkers, schools and households.

In February 2012, the team at Barberton Mines officially handed 
over the Vegetable Project to its seven beneficiary members and 
the Provincial Department of Agriculture. The Mines will continue 
to  transfer  business  management  skills  to  the  beneficiaries 
through continued monitoring and mentoring of the project and 
also provide the required water and electricity.

The Vegetable Project has yielded successful results and is deemed 
a blueprint for such future projects. A similar project is therefore 
earmarked  for  the  Umjindi  trust  area  and  is  budgeted  for  in 
the 2012/2013 financial year at a cost of ZAR240,000.

This  project,  albeit  small,  is  a  real  success  story  and  proof  of 
the successes that can be achieved.

42

Bursaries for Tertiary Education

The scheme provides full-time bursaries 
in Geology, Accountancy, Mine 
Engineering and Mine Surveying.

Following  on  our  theme  of  learning  and  development  of  our 
employees  and  community,  the  Group  designed  a  bursary 
scheme to provide full-time bursaries to 10 students. 

Candidates  are  sourced  from  our  local  communities,  with  the 
intention of offering them job opportunities to fill the scarce skills 
vacancies within Barberton Mines on completion of their studies. 

Amount spent

Milestones achieved

ZAR0.9m

•  10 candidates chosen 
to study at universities 
in South Africa

•  Four more students 
will be chosen for 
next year to study.

The  bursary  scheme  covers  full  tuition  fees,  accommodation, 
prescribed text books, on-site mentoring, three weeks’ vacation, 
job in a year and a monthly allowance of ZAR800 for a period of 
10 months, per academic year.

This year we announced the election of the 10 candidates who 
were chosen from our labour sending area. The  graduates will 
study  at  recognised  South African  Universities  in  their  chosen 
fields,  including  Geology,  Accountancy,  Mine  Engineering  and 
Mine Surveying.

Pan African Resources intends to recruit a further four candidates 
next year bringing the approved complement to 14, which will 
be ongoing.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

43

Barberton Mines had another solid 
production year and together with a 
continued high gold price, produced 
record profits. The team directed 
its sizeable capital expenditure 
budget into rehabilitating ageing 
infrastructure and exploring for new 
orebodies. Construction work on the 
Barberton Tailings Retreatment Plant 
is progressing and the commissioning 
of the plant remains scheduled 
for the second half of 2013. 

Barberton Gold Mining Operations 
(‘BGMO’)

Phoenix Platinum Chrome Tailings 
Retreatment Plant (‘CTRP’)

Barberton Tailings Retreatment 
Plant Project (‘BTRP’)

Mineral Resources Management

New Business

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

45

Barberton Gold Mining Operations

Operation at a Glance
Operation Name

Barberton Gold Mining Operations

Parent and ownership percentage

Pan African Resources PLC (100% attributable)

Company name 

Country of operation 

Provincial jurisdiction

Number of employees

Number of contractors

Commodity being mined

Geological setting

Mining method

Extraction method

Name Plate Annual Production

Tonnage (t)

Head Grade (g/t)

Gold produced (oz)

Cash cost

Capex per annum

LOM

Barberton Mines (Pty) Limited (South African incorporated)

South Africa

Mpumalanga

1,800

400

Gold

Sediments and metavolcanics with a Greenstone Belt

Underground semi-mechanised up-dip cut 
and fill and up-dip room and stick

Concentrator and BIOX®

315,000

10.45g/t

95,000oz

US$776/oz

GBP6.6 million

17 years

Head grade and overall recoveries 
have been maintained above 10g/t over 
the past five years and continue to 
highlight the quality of the orebody.

46

Setting the Scene
Barberton first produced gold in 1886 after the discovery of the 
first gold nugget by Edwin Bray.

During  the  1970s  and  1980s  AngloVaal  consolidated  various 
operations in the area including Sheba, New Consort and Agnes 
Mines. In 1998 the Company acquired Fairview Mine from the 
then owners Goldfields (previously Gencor). In 2003 AngloVaal 
sold  the  operations,  excluding Agnes,  to  Metorex  and  in  2006 
Metorex reversed Barberton Mines into Pan African Resources 
PLC.

The Barberton Mines mining complex consists of three mines: 
Fairview,  New  Consort  and  Sheba.  Barberton  currently 
produces approximately 95,000oz of gold per annum.

Barberton  Mines  is  the  birthplace  of  BIOX®  (‘Biological 
Oxidation’),  an  environmentally-friendly  process  of  releasing 
the gold from the sulphide that surrounds it, using bacteria that 
perform this process naturally.

The  Barberton  Mines’  management  is  currently  investing 
significant capital to expand production over the next six years 
with its new BTRP which is currently under construction.

The Barberton Mines continues to achieve its strategic goal of 
being one of the lowest cash cost producers of gold, producing 
an average of US$776/oz.

Key Historical Developments
Date 

Development

31 July 2007

21 August 2009

26 October 2010

14 July 2011

28 April 2011

10 November 2011

2 March 2012

4 April 2012

14 June 2012

30 June 2012

Pan African Resources acquired 74% of BML from Metorex (24% held by 
Shanduka). Metorex retained the management contract

Pan African Resources acquired Shanduka’s 26% shareholding in Barberton 
Mines

Barberton Mines’ Transformation Trust was approved by the Master of the 
High Court

Amended Recognition Agreement with the National Union of Mineworkers 
concluded

Barberton Mines’ Mining Rights conversions for Fairview, Sheba and New 
Consort Mines were executed (awaiting registration)

Pan African Resources Board approval granted for the BTRP Project

Agreement  concluded  with  Matomo  Basil  Read  to  construct  the  BTRP 
Project

BTRP earthworks commenced

BTRP gold room construction commenced

Phases 1 and 2 of the Sinqobile School completed (opened school post-
period on 16 July 2012 to 950 primary learners)

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

47

Barberton Gold Mining Operations
Continued

Safety, Health, Environment, 
Community (‘SHEC’) Policy
The Barberton team follows a robust Safety, Health, Environment 
and  Community  (‘SHEC’)  system  at  Barberton  Mines  and  is 
committed to:
•   the improvement of health and safety performance through 
the  setting  and  achievement  of  goals,  taking  into  account 
stakeholder expectations and industry leading practices;

•   the  implementation  of  systems  to  provide  a  working 
environment that is conducive to good health and safety; and
•   the management of risks in the workplace, and ensuring that 
employees have the relevant skills to perform work-related 
tasks in a safe manner.

Safety

It is with regret that we have to report that on 29 May 2012 an 
underground  general  shaft  worker,  Mr  Christopher  Makhosonke 
Hlela was fatally injured when a measuring flask of a rock loading 
station at the Fairview No 3 Shaft bottom dislodged and struck him.

The  failure  of  the  measuring  flask  could  not  be  foreseen  or 
detected  by  weekly  inspections  and  no  single  action  was 
identified  as  the  reason  for  the  death  of  Mr  Hlela.  No  person 
contravened  the  requirements  of  the  Act  or  Regulations, 
however,  the  following  actions  were  recommended  and  have 
been implemented at the mine:

Total Recordable Injury Frequency Rate

•   the  mine  must  revise  the  design,  construction,  operation 
and maintenance of box fronts, chutes and measuring flasks;
•   the code of practice for the safe operation of draw points, 
tipping points, rock passes and box fronts must be revised;
•   the  code  of  practice  must  include  the  timely  replacement 
of  parts  of  the  equipment  that  may  fail  (reliability  centred 
maintenance);

•   procedures  and  training  must  be  amended  to  provide  for 
the changes in the risk assessment and code of practice – all 
relevant persons must be retrained; and

•   a system of inspections and planned task observations must 
be implemented to ensure compliance to training, rules and 
legislation.

The Group remains committed to the safety and health of all its 
employees and continues to review its procedures on a regular 
basis as part of its focus on a behaviour-based safety approach.

The  Barberton  Mines’  operating  sections,  comprising  the 
Fairview, Sheba and New Consort mines, showed decline year-
on-year  in  its  overall  safety  performance. The  LTIFR  increased 
to 3.26 (2011: 2.2) and the SIFR increased to 0.74 (2011: 0.66). 
The  Total  Recordable  Injury  Frequency  Rate  (‘RIFR’)  also 
increased  to  25.1  (2011:  22.6).  Although  Barberton  Mines 
showed a slight decline on its year-on-year safety performance, 
results are below the 2014 targets as set by the DMR.

e
t
a
R
y
c
n
e
u
q
e
r
F

y
r
u
n

j

I

l

e
b
a
d
r
o
c
e
R

l

a
t
o
T

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

48

12 months
ended
30 June 2008

12 months
ended
30 June 2009

12 months
ended
30 June 2010

12 months
ended
30 June 2011

12 months
ended
30 June 2012

 
 
 
 
Accident Rates

s
r
u
o
h

n
a
m
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

r
e
p

e
t
a
R

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6.4

4.2

4.8

3.1

Lost Time Injury Rate

Serious Injury Rate

3.26

1.7

2.2

1.1

0.7

0.74

12 months
ended
30 June 2008

12 months
ended
30 June 2009

12 months
ended
30 June 2010

12 months
ended
30 June 2011

12 months
ended
30 June 2012

12 months 
ended
2008

12 months 
ended
2009

12 months 
ended
2010

12 months 
ended
2011

12 months 
ended
2012

Fatal Injury Frequency Rate (‘FIFR’)

1.43

0

 0.18 

–

0.18

Health

Barberton Mines established primary healthcare clinics at each 
of  the  three  mines.  They  provide  services  to  the  category 
4-8 employees, constituting a workforce of 1,450 people. These 
employees  do  not  have  medical  aid  schemes  and  the  service 
forms  part  of  their  benefit  packages. The  cost  to  company  is 
approximately £0.3 million (ZAR4 million) a year.

A full-time AIDS counsellor was appointed at the beginning of 
2011  and  through  her  initiatives  72%  of  the  labour  force  was 
voluntarily  tested  for  HIV.  Of  the  tested  group,  40%  tested 
positive and of these 26% are currently on antiretrovirals (‘ARVs’).

HIV and TB campaigns are undertaken on a bi-annual basis to 
create  awareness  and  have  been  favourably  received  by  the 
employees.

Environment

Long-term  environmental  obligations  are  based  on  Barberton 
Mines’  environmental  plans, 
in  compliance  with  current 
environmental  and  regulatory  requirements.  Full  provision  is 
made  based  on  the  net  present  value  of  the  estimated  cost 
of  restoring  the  environmental  disturbance  that  has  occurred 
up  to  the  statement  of  financial  position  date.  Increases  due 
to  additional  environmental  disturbances  are  capitalised  and 
amortised over the remaining lives of the mines. The estimated 

cost  of  rehabilitation  is  reviewed  annually  and  adjusted  as 
appropriate  for  changes  in  legislation  or  technology.  Cost 
estimates are not reduced by the potential proceeds from the 
sale of assets or from plant clean-up at closure.

Environmental Compliance
Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Provision
The Group is exposed to environmental liabilities relating to its 
mining  operations.  Estimates  of  the  cost  of  environmental  and 
other  remedial  work  such  as  reclamation  costs,  close  down 
and  restoration  as  well  as  pollution  control  are  made  on  an 
annual  basis,  based  on  the  estimated  LOM,  following  which 
payments are made to a rehabilitation trust set up as required 
by South African laws and regulations. The provision represents 
the net present value of the best estimate of the expenditure 
required  to  settle  the  obligation  to  rehabilitate  environmental 
disturbances  caused  by  mining  operations.  These  costs  are 
expected to be incurred over the LOM up to complete closure.

The rehabilitation trust fund and rehabilitation provision balances 
as at 30 June 2012 were £2.7 million and £3.2 million respectively. 
In  addition  to  this,  the  Group  has  issued  a  bank  guarantee  of 
£0.2 million in favour of the DMR in the event available funds are 
not sufficient to cover the rehabilitation liability when it becomes 
due.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

49

 
 
 
 
Barberton Gold Mining Operations
Continued

Risks

Mining  and  exploration  activities  are  always  done  in  a  way 
where  best  practice  is  considered  to  minimise  the  impact  to 
the  environment.  The  updated  Environmental  Monitoring 
Programme has been submitted to the DMR and is still awaiting 
approval. An  environmental  performance  audit  has  been  done 
and non-compliance issues are being dealt with.

The following factors are considered the highest risks regarding 
environmental compliance:

Water pollution 
and renewal of the 
water licence 

Biodiversity and 
land management 

Water compliance

Rehabilitation plans for restoration

Alien invasive plants 

Addressing unwanted vegetation

Waste management 

Removal of all waste 
generated by the mine

Mitigation of Risks

The  following  actions  were  put  into  place  to  ameliorate  the 
abovementioned risks:

Water Pollution and Water Licence Renewal
The  water  licences  for  New  Consort  and  Fairview  have  been 
approved  while  the  approval  of  the  Sheba  water  licence  is 
pending.  Water  quality  is  considered  a  major  focus  point  and 
water  management  issues  are  constantly  reviewed  to  improve 
water  use  at  the  mine.  As  part  of  the  continuous  assessment 
of  the  impact  of  mining  activities  to  the  receiving  environment, 

aquatic  bio-assessments  are  conducted  annually  to  monitor  the 
state of the natural streams arising in the mining area. Monitoring 
programmes are compliant with regulations of the Department of 
Water Affairs as well as the Department of Environmental Affairs.

Biodiversity and Land Management
The  rehabilitation  plan  is  focused  on  restoring  disturbed  areas 
back to their original state by using the most natural methods 
possible.

Alien Invasive Plants
The mine has introduced a control and management programme 
for  alien  vegetation. This  programme  is  well  supported  by  the 
Government Departments.

Waste Management
Barberton  Mines  is  fully  committed  to  managing  waste  and  a 
waste contractor has been appointed to remove all waste from 
the  mine  to  a  recycling  site  where  the  waste  is  sorted  and 
recycled.

Barberton Mines is totally reliant on the State Energy Producer, 
Eskom for electricity. The team undertook to install solar panels 
at the mine in an attempt to do a feasibility regarding renewal 
energy. After a test phase of six months, independent consultants 
TWP reviewed the operations of the pilot project and reported 
that a full scale project would not be cost-effective for the mine. 
As a result, the pilot project solar panels are now only used to 
feed excess electricity back into the grid.

Community Development

Refer to page 36 in this report.

Management Team
Name

Age Designation

Qualification

Experience

Casper Strydom

54

General Manager National Higher Diploma Metalliferous Mining
Mine Managers Certificate

36 years of mining-
related experience

Pierre Human

51

Manager: Mining

Jonathan Irons

46

Manager:  
Metallurgy

Mine Overseers Certificate of Competency
Mine Managers Certificate of Competency
MDP Stellenbosch

National Higher Diploma Extractive Metallurgy
Programme for Management Development 
(GIBS – University of Pretoria)
Competence levels include Refractory 
Gold Extraction Technologies – 
(Roasting and Hydrobiological)

30 years of mining- 
related experience

25 years of metallurgy- 
related experience

Hans Grobler

Barry Naicker

Neal Reynolds*

Essie Esterhuizen

49

38

29

53

Manager: 
Engineering

Mechanical Engineers Certificate of Competency
Pr Certificated Engineer

31 years of engineering- 
related experience

Manager: Mineral 
Resources

BSc (Honours) Geology and Economic Geology
Graduate Diploma in Engineering (MRM)

Nine years of geology- 
related experience

Manager: Finance 
and Administration

BCom (Honours)  
CA(SA)

Manager: Human 
Resources

Completed the Gencor Learner 
Officials Programme
Certificate in Personnel Management
Various other mining industry-related certificates
Skills Development Facilitator – NQF Level 5

Five years of financial- 
related experience

31 years of human 
resources related  
experience

*	 Post	period	of	reporting	Mr	N	Reynolds	has	been	moved	to	Corporate	Office	and	replaced	by	Mr	TP	Maepa.

Operational Performance
Production Results for 2012

Financial Year:

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

Tonnes Milled – Underground
Tonnes Milled – Surface
Head Grade
Recovered Grade
Overall Recovery
Production: Underground
Production: Surface/Calcine Dumps
Gold Sold
Average Price: Spot
Average Price: Hedge 
Average Price: Spot
Average Price: Hedge 
Total Cash Cost US$/oz Sold
Total Cash Cost R/kg Sold
Total Cost per Tonne
Total Mining Cost per Tonne
Capital Expenditure
Exchange Rate – Average
Exchange Rate – Closing
Exchange Rate – Average
Exchange Rate – Closing

(t)
(t)
(g/t)
(g/t)
(%)
(oz)
(oz)
(oz)
(R/kg)
(R/kg)
(US$/oz)
(US$/oz)
(US$/oz)
(R/kg)
(R/t)
(R/t)
(£)
(ZAR/£)
(ZAR/£)
(ZAR/US$)
(ZAR/US$)

282,041
26,054
10.45
9.53
91
93,381
1,068
94,449
422,215
–
1,694
–
776
193,360
1,844
1,830
10,741,230
12.27
12.91
7.75
8.27

296,200
–
10.55
9.67
91
92,043
–
92,197
306,757
–
1,366
–
781
175,520
1,707
1,648
6,773,729
11.11
10.94
6.99
6.83

313,167
–
10.61
9.68
91
97,483
–
98,091
267,876
–
1,098
–
650
158,711
1,537
1,486
5,918,271
11.93
11.53
7.59
7.65

313,952
–
10.32
9.40
91
94,909
3,955
97,353
251,740
–
867
–
469
136,178
1,313
1,256
4,052,665
14.39
12.66
9.03
7.72

315,305
–
8.90
8.13
91
82,436
13,513
99,078
193,159
105,850
823
451
476
111,272
1,088
1,045
2,901,792
14.68
15.56
7.30
7.80

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

51

Barberton Gold Mining Operations
Continued

Capital Expenditure
Organic Growth Projects
During the year under review, a total of £10.7 million was spent 
on  capital  expenditure  of  which  £3.1  million  was  for  capital 
development projects.

Consort – 40 Level Development

Development to the east through the pegmatite was successful. 
Development  on  the  shale  will  continue  in  the  next  financial 
year. Further exploration drilling from strategic points will target 
the position of the footwall lens/serpentinite to determine the 
extent of mineralisation.

The drilling progress of the projects for the period under review 
are summarised below:

2012
(Metres)

2011
(Metres)

Resource
Target 
(Oz)

359

303
123

109

267

197

294

491
0

6,000

17,000
11,000

149

278,000

34

10,000

123

26,000

Project

Sheba – 36ZK
Sheba – Edwin Bray to 
Thomas and Joe’s Luck Area
54 Level Rossiter Orebody
Fairview – 3 Shaft 
Deepening
Consort – 40 Level 
Station Establishment
Consort – 50 Level 
Decline West

Sheba – 36ZK

Good progress was made with this project, and a mineable block 
has  been  delineated  (36ZK  1,030  hanging  wall  2,820  tonnes 
@  13.82g/t)  and  stoping  will  commence  in  the  next  financial 
year.  Further  exploration  drilling  will  be  conducted  during  the 
next  financial  year  to  delineate  the  various  Cross  Fractures  
(1010, 990, 970 and 950 X/Fractures). 

Sheba – Edwin Bray, Thomas and Joe’s Luck Area

Incline  development  towards  the  high  grade  surface  borehole 
intersections  was  carried  out  during  the  period  under  review. 
Additional  infill  exploration  drilling  is  in  progress  for  the  next 
financial year.

Fairview – 54 Level Rossiter Orebody

This project has been completed and as a result the indicated 
resource  block  was  converted  to  a  measured  resource  
(50g/t over a 3.8m). On-reef mining is in progress.

Fairview – 3 Shaft Deepening

Good  progress  was  made  with  this  project,  where  the 
development  of  a  return  airway  was  designed  to  provide 
sufficient ventilation at workable temperature. A further change 
was  made  to  commence  with  a  decline  towards  the  68  level 
down dip of the 11 high grade block. 

Consort – 50 Level Decline West

A station was successfully established on 52 level and the shaft 
decline will be developed to 53 level in the new financial year. 

On-Mine Development
The  on-mine  development  for  the  period  under  review  is 
summarised below:

On-Mine Development for 2012

New Consort

Fairview

Sheba

metres

g/t metres

g/t metres

Reef Development
Stope Development
Waste Development

548
357
1,348

4.04
5.47

581
229
1,563

8.45
6.10

1,057
73
2,527

g/t

3.38
7.46

Maintenance Capital (excluding BTRP)
The  maintenance  capital  at  Barberton  Mines  amounted  to 
£3.1  million.  Expenditure  on  processing  plant  maintenance 
capital was £0.19 million for the year, as a result of purchasing 
a  new  concentrator  truck  in  relation  to  the  Sheba  plant  and 
installation  of  new  pumps  at  Sheba  and  Consort  Plants. The 
BIOX® Plant incurred £0.27 million in upgrading compressors and 
blowers. The  total  metallurgical  maintenance  and  replacement 
expenditure for the year under review amounted to £0.7 million.

The  capital  expenditure  on  the  maintenance  of  engineering 
equipment and infrastructure totalled £1.4 million for the year. 
Upgrading  the  mining  equipment  fleet  was  a  key  focus  area 
during the year with expenditure of £0.2 million to rebuild load 
haul  dumpers. The  purchase  of  a  front-end  loader  and  tipper 
truck  cost  £0.2  million.  Expenditure  on  the  refurbishment 
of shafts and headgears amounted to £0.2 million.

The balance of the maintenance capital was largely spent on the 
final implementation of a new financial system for £0.24 million 
and replacement of light vehicles for £0.7 million. 

Efficiency/Optimisation 
Drivers and Focus Areas
Optimisation of Mill Capacity

Due to the current high gold price, minimal capital expenditure 
requirements  and  low  operating  costs,  additional  low-grade 

52

surface  material  has  been  identified  for  treatment. This  feed 
source  averages  approximately  4,300  tonnes  per  month  and 
results in 95kg of gold per annum which is required to replace 
the reduction in gold from the Sheba section.

Ventilation at Fairview

The  ventilation  model  is  being  revised  to  determine  the 
refrigeration requirement to maintain the production efficiency of 
the workforce as we mine from deeper areas at the Fairview Mine.

Additional Workable Areas

Shallow low-grade blocks in old areas are being investigated to 
optimise the upper level orebodies. With the higher gold price 
many  blocks  that  were  historically  not  mined  are  now  viable. 
To make them available for mining, re-equipping is required on an 
ongoing basis in order to open these payable blocks.

Outlook and Future
The management team at Barberton Mines remains committed 
to producing 95,000oz of gold for the next financial year at the 
lowest cost and as safely as possible.

The  BTRP  Project  is  progressing  as  per  schedule  and  the 
potential  of  increasing  Barberton’s  production  by  20,000oz  in 
the financial year 2013/2014 is on track.

Barberton Mines remains committed to its community projects 
over  the  next  year.  Phase  3  of  the  Sinqobile  School  Project 
has been approved and is intended for completion in the new 
financial year.

Mineral Resource 
Management (‘MRM’)
Description and Geographic Location

Barberton  Mines  is  situated  in  the  Magisterial  District  of 
Barberton, Mpumalanga Province, Republic of South Africa, some 
370km east of Johannesburg and 47km south-east of Nelspruit. 
The geographic location of Barberton Mines is set in the map 
above.

Geological Setting

The  ore  horizons  at  Barberton  are  classified  as  Achaean 
epigenetic  lode  gold  orebodies  within  a  granite  greenstone 
terrain. The  distribution  and  localisation  of  these  orebodies  in 
the Barberton Greenstone Belt (‘BGB’) can be largely attributed 
to  the  combined  influence  of  granite  emplacement  structural 
deformation and thermal metamorphism (Competent Person’s 

Geographic Location

Nelspruit

Malelane

Kaapmuiden

Noordekaap

New Consort Mine

Sheba Mine

Barberton

Fairview Mine

Internatio

nal B

order

Bulembu

Piggs Peak

LEGEND:

0

20km

Forbes Reef

Mining Licence
Prospecting Right
National Road
Regional Road
Railway
Barberton Greenstone Belt

Report,  SRK,  2007). The  majority  of  the  known  gold  deposits 
of  the  BGB  can  be  found  in  the  James  and  Sheba  Hills  in  the 
north  and  north-east  of  the  Barberton  Mountain  Land  and  in 
the Moodies Hills, an area immediately south-west of Barberton. 
Additional gold deposits occur along and adjacent to the major 
strike and faults as well as in a few localities in Swaziland near the 
granite greenstone contacts.

The locations and geometries of these orebodies are structurally 
controlled. They  all  occur  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Sheba  Shear/
Fault  Zone,  which  developed  between  the  Ulundi  and  Eureka 
Synclines. The  Sheba  Shear  Fault  Zone  is  a  complex,  refolded, 
arcuate,  south-dipping  shear/fault  system.  The  geometries  of 
the orebodies have variable dips, strikes and widths due to the 
complex deformational history of the host rocks. Some of the 
orebodies  are  continuous  for  several  hundred  metres  along 
strike and down dip, whereas others are not traceable between 
adjacent  crosscuts  and  drill  holes  of  the  Sheba,  New  Consort 
and Fairview Mines (Competent Person’s Report, SRK, 2007).

Two types of ore can be found in the Sheba, Fairview and New 
Consort Mines:
•   Refractory  ore  (sulphides):  this  is  the  dominant  ore  type 
within the Achaean gold orebodies in the Barberton region. 
The  gold  particles  occur  trapped  within  sulphide  minerals 
especially in pyrite and arsenopyrite.

features 

•   Gold-bearing  quartz  veins:  the  gold-quartz  lodes  generally 
represent  tectonically  produced  dilatant 
filled 
with  vein-type  gold  ores  as  a  consequence  of  mobilisation 
of  essentially  siliceous  and/or  carbonated  solutions  by 
metamorphic  processes.  The  dilatant  and  shear  zones 
generally provide free-milling gold ore, the gold occurring in 
the form of irregular gold grains which may be accompanied 
by variable, but usually small quantities of sulphides.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

53

Barberton Gold Mining Operations
Continued

Geological Map of the Sheba Hills Area
Barberton Greenstone Belt

Jamestown schist belt

New Consort Mine

0 

4 

8

Nelspruit Batholith
(3105 Ma)

KILOMETRES

e

clin

n
y
s
a
k
e
r
u
E

Sheba Hills

Eureka City

Sheba shear zone

Sheba Mine

Fairview Mine

Ulundi syncline

Shear zone

Moodies Group with ironstone

Fig Tree Group

Onverwacht Group

Kaap Valley Pluton 
(3227 Ma)

Underground Exploration and 
Development Results

During  the  past  year  2,186m  of  reef,  at  an  average  grade  of 
4.90g/t, and 5,438m of waste were completed, of which 3,556m 
was geologically mapped.

Barberton  Mines  collared  187  underground  boreholes  during 
the year and drilled 14,528m of core. A total of 133 significant 
intersections  were  returned  of  which  103  were  above  the 
pay  limit  and  a  further  30  marginal  grade  intersections. 
The  average  value  of  all  45  economic  intersections  comes  to 
24.26g/t over a width of 182cm.

Almost all the gold in the Barberton region occurs in gold-bearing 
veins, either alone as the dominant ore type or in association with 
the  complex  sulphidic  ores.  In  the  Fairview  Mine,  gold-quartz 
veins  in  the  Moodies  Quartzite  are  in  places  accompanied  by 
minor pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and galena. In the Sheba 
Mine, free gold occurs mainly in siliceous fractures in brittle chert 
horizons. In the New Consort Mine, some gold occurrences in 
gold-bearing quartz veins have also been recorded, in addition to 
those associated with complex sulphidic ores.

Type of Mining and Mining Description

Barberton  Mines  has  continued  with  the  application  of  the 
semi-mechanised  cut  and  fill  method  and  increased  its  usage. 
This  method  is  appropriate  for  the  geological  environment. 
The method is mined in an updip direction and involves drilling 
holes  vertically  into  the  stope  back.  A  variation  of  this,  with 
horizontally-directed  holes  (called  breast  stoping),  is  used  in 
stopes with shorter strike lengths and/or poor rock conditions. 
Breast  stoping  has  a  lower  production  potential  than  the 
standard  updip  method. As  the  stope  is  mined  it  is  filled  with 
development waste to provide a working platform. The amount 
of development is thus determined by the need to open up new 
areas without having to hoist waste out of the mine.

54

 
The following are the most significant results obtained during the year:

Operation

Bh No

New Consort
New Consort
New Consort
New Consort
Sheba
Sheba
Sheba
Sheba
Fairview
Fairview
Fairview
Fairview

37NE-5
3#CT-6
22W4-6
20IV-4
33 ZKH 03
29 ST 20
29 ST 24
36 ZK W01
Bh 5849
Bh 5864
Bh 5861
Bh 5799

cm

100.00
192.00
188.00
188.00
71.00
764.00
113.00
82.00
1,626.00
1,383.00
77.00
70.00

g/t

Description

111.0
55.8
19.6
21.5
300.4
15.7
34.1
42.7
50.2
43.8
21.2
8.8

To be accessed via SI 14
3 Shaft resource extension
Confirms extension of W4 beyond pegmatite
Ivora mineralisation below 20 level
Footwall mineralisation on the ZK-Horizon
Stockwork extension
Stockwork extension
Mineralisation on the ZK Main Fracture
Downdip extension of 11 Block
Downdip extension of 11 Block
Low grade flanks of 11 Block
Low grade flanks of 11 Block

Mineral Resource Management 
Strategy (‘MRM’)

The principal objective of this initiative is to improve the liaison 
between  geology,  survey,  evaluation  and  planning  activities  in 
order  to  create  more  integrated  plans  that  are  more  aligned 
to value. The key operational focus is to integrate all intellectual 
capital  and  technical  data  in  order  to  enhance  the  Mineral 
Resource  confidence  and  volume  that  results  in  an  improved 
LOM to the operations.

Thus,  MRM  at  Barberton  Mines  has  the  role  of  identifying, 
optimising and realising the value of the mineral asset through 
converting  it  from  an  initial  Inferred  Resource  through  to  a 
proved Reserve, and ultimately to a saleable product. The MRM 
framework  developed  and  implemented  hinges  on  integrated 
areas  of  responsibility,  necessitating  a  common  approach  and 
leading to a team-based interaction.

Competent Person’s Statement

Pan African  Resources  defines  its  Mineral  Resources  and  Mineral 
Reserves in line with the SAMREC Code and its definitions.

Estimates
Resource Estimation
The grade and the structure in the ore shoots are highly erratic 
in nature and most of the data for evaluating Resource blocks 
is derived from development adjacent to the mining blocks and 
from the position of the present mining areas. This is unlike the 
blocks  used  by  other  typical Witwatersrand  mining  operations 
where the value of Resource blocks are estimated and classified 
well ahead of the mining areas current mining areas. The continuity 
of grade values within the ore shoots is derived primarily from 
short range statistical projections, based on experience that has 
been gained from historical mining of the orebody and gained 
from the study of its tectonic structure. Mineral Resources and 
Reserves are block defined based on this information.

The  tectonic  structure  and  orebody  geometry  has  been 
modelled using the Lynx orebody modelling system. This system 
allows the three-dimensional structure of the mineralised volume 
to  be  viewed  graphically. This  is  used  as  a  tool  for  visualising 
grade continuity and is an aid for mine planning.

Reef drill-hole intersections are defined as all samples intersecting 
the reef, irrespective of the sample grade and inclusive of at least 
one  sample  in  the  footwall  and  another  in  the  hangingwall  of 
the reef.

For  both  diamond  cored  drill-hole  and  underground  sampling, 
a  minimum  sampling  width  of  150cm  is  used  in  the  case 
of  mechanical  mining  and  100cm  for  conventional  scraper 
type  stoping.  Where  the  reef  width  is  less  than  this  value, 
hangingwall and footwall samples are included.

Where  an  individual  sample  value  is  greater  than  100g/t, 
the grade is capped at 100g/t. This is done at the sample level and 
also over the whole channel width. It has been found historically 
that if sample values over 100g/t are capped, these abnormally 
high sample grade values will not lead to over-valuation of the 
mean  value  of  the  stretch  samples  which  are  used  to  assign 
values to nearby Resource blocks.

Block Tonnage and Grade Estimation
Each  mine  is  split  into  sub-areas  defined  by  reef  type  and 
infrastructure  design. Within  these  areas,  ore  Resource  blocks 
are  defined  adjacent  to  development  ends  and  stoped  areas. 
Measured reserve blocks are generally 20m on strike and 10m 
in  the  dip  direction. Where  blocks  are  defined  adjacent  to  a 
development  end  only,  the  grade  and  true  width  of  the  reef 
in  the  block  are  estimated  by  calculating  the  arithmetic  mean 
or ‘stretch average’ of the samples along the development end. 
If  the  sample  spacing  is  at  the  standard  3m,  the  block  value  is 
derived  by  calculating  the  average  value  of  the  samples.  If  the 
sample  interval  is  variable,  the  block  is  assigned  the  length-
weighted arithmetic mean of the strip averages. If the Resource 

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

55

Barberton Gold Mining Operations
Continued

block is surrounded by other sampling, either by previous stope 
sampling or exploration boreholes, the block is assigned values 
based  on  the  mean  of  the  surrounding  sampling,  weighted  by 
the  inverse  of  the  distance  from  the  sampling  to  the  centre 
of indicated and inferred blocks. In each case, one mean value 
is  determined  for  each  channel  sampling  section  first  and  the 
means are then averaged.

The  number  and  spacing  of  drill-holes  intersecting  the  reef  is 
dictated  by  the  position  of  the  exploration  development  with 
respect to the orientation of the reef being explored. Because 
of this, there is no set drill-hole spacing and the number of drill-
holes  available  to  estimate  block  values  varies  from  place  to 
place. This parameter cannot therefore be used as a Resource 
classification criterion.

Mineral Resource Blocks

In selecting Resource blocks to be included in a Mineral Resource 
statement,  a  cut-off  grade  of  2.0g/t  is  applied. This  is  not  an 
economic  cut-off,  but  is  historical  in  the  Barberton  area. 
However, some Resource blocks that are below the cut-off grade 
are  included  within  the  17-year  forecast  plan  for  Pan  African 
Resources, where the blocks are required to be mined as part 
of the mining method of the total Resource either for geological 
or  geotechnical  considerations.  Some  blocks  are  within  safety 
and  shaft  pillars  and  some  cannot  be  mined  from  the  current 
infrastructure or using the currently employed mining methods 
or  strategies,  so  are  therefore  included  in  the  Resources  but 
excluded from the reserves. To convert a Resource block into a 
Reserve block, it must satisfy one of the following:
•   Immediately  available  blocks  –  Resource  blocks  that  are 
adjacent to current mining areas with all mining infrastructure 
in place and are fully equipped with services; or

•   Not-immediately  available  blocks  –  Resource  blocks  which 

can be made available within a short period; and

•   Mining infrastructure is in place, but has yet to be equipped 

with services.

A block tonnage is calculated for each Resource block using the 
estimated true thickness, the block area and by using an average 
specific gravity for each of the operating mines (sections).

A density ranging from 2.73 to 3.03t/m3 is used on the three mines, 
depending on the characteristics of the ore. It is known that there 
is a strong correlation between gold grades and density of ore that 
contain high sulphide mineralisation. Because gold mineralisation is 
often closely associated with sulphide mineralisation, in parts of the 
mine gold grade – rock density correlations are used in estimating 
tonnages. The  Zwartkoppies  Reef,  however,  is  known  to  contain 
less sulphide mineralisation and the gold within this reef is mostly 
free gold and hence a lower value 2.73t/m3 is used. Development 
and waste rock is also assigned a density of 2.73t/m3. The specific 
gravity  (‘SG’)  values  have  generally  been  accepted  as  being 
‘historically’ correct. Orebodies that contain free gold are assigned a 
density of 2.73t/m3.

56

Further  to  the  above  framework,  Barberton  Mines  uses  a 
Mineral Resource Optimiser system. This system is a computer-
based  tool  developed  to  analyse  and  subsequently  assist  in 
optimising the mining of the resource in such a way that long-
term  financial  returns  are  maximised.  The  optimiser  utilises 
alternative methodology to the existing pay limit methodology 
and offers a number of advantages:
•   the  unique  statistical  properties  of  the  specific  orebody  is 

taken into account;

•  it eliminates the need for adjustments and unpaid mining;
•   it  allows  for  a  scientific  basis  to  determine  the  grade  to 

operate at and maximise operational returns;

•   it  provides  a  tool  to  manage  the  mining  mix  and  prevents 
high grading or sterilisation of Resource blocks – optimising 
resource extractions and LOM; and

•   it  further  allows  for  better  planning  with  respect  to 

development of mineral Resource blocks.

During  the  2013  financial  year  Pan  African  Resources  will 
continue  its  drive  towards  MRM  excellence  by  improving 
geological understanding, data recording quality and focusing on 
ensuring sustainability through appropriately focused exploration 
targets.

Classification of Mineral Inventory

The Resource blocks are classified into Measured, Indicated and 
Inferred Resources based on the following criteria, according to 
the SAMREC Code:
•   Measured  Mineral  Resources:  Measured  blocks  are  bound 
by  sampled  development  or  stope  faces  on  at  least  one 
side. Measured Mineral Resource blocks are also delineated 
immediately adjacent to reef drives. In this case, their extent is 
limited to a distance of 10m up and down dip along the plane 
of the orebody.

•   Indicated  Mineral  Resources:  Indicated  blocks  are  blocks 
bounded  by  measured  blocks  or  where  the  down  dip 
continuation  of  a  block  has  been  demonstrated  by  drill-
hole intersections. Indicated Resource blocks are adjacent to 
Measured  Resource  blocks  and  are  normally  the  extension 
of Measured Resources based on diamond drilling or other 
information.

•   Inferred  Mineral  Resources:  Blocks  where  geological 
interpretation suggests that continued mineralisation is likely 
even where no drilling information is available. These blocks 
occur adjacent to indicated Mineral Resource blocks.

Other  mining  blocks  that  have  previously  been  closed  for 
economic  reasons,  but  can  be  brought  back  into  production 
when  economic  conditions  improve  are  termed  Dormant 
Blocks. These blocks have been included in the Mineral Resource 
using the same classification criteria as those applied to areas that 
are presently available for mining. The outside Sections include 
Victory Hill, Margret, Mamba, Catscove, Pan and OW 5.

Modifying Factors

The table below reflects historical achievements for Mineral Reserve Block Factor (‘BF’), Overall Plant Recovery Factor (‘PRF’) and 
Mine Call Factor (‘MCF’). Modifying factors used for converting Resources to Reserves and for the Life of Mine plan are deduced from 
these historical achievements.

Efficiencies and Factors

NEW CONSORT
Block Factor
Overall Recovery
Mine Call Factor

FAIRVIEW
Block Factor
Overall Recovery
Mine Call Factor

SHEBA
Block Factor
Overall Recovery
Mine Call Factor

Current
12/13
Plan

100.0
90.5
95.0

89.3
90.5
97.5

91.0
92.5
100.0

11/12

10/11

09/10

08/09

07/08

06/07

05/06

04/05

03/04

02/03

100.0
89.8
90.0

100.0
90.9
81.5

91.0
92.6
100.0

114.4
89.1
99.5

94.3
90.2
84.8

91.0
92.0
125.9

125.0
89.7
89.3

120.5
90.9
90.0

86.9
91.7
126.3

122.2
91.6
83.4

101.6
90.8
80.1

107.6
92.8
109.8

97.5
91.9
86.1

117.5
90.5
84.0

112.4
92.7
90.1

69.9
92.4
99.8

90.4
90.9
82.1

110.9
92.6
86.1

97.3
93.5
107.8

114.3
90.3
82.5

109.9
93.0
99.9

84.5
93.0
86.2

110.8
90.3
85.7

66.3
90.3
85.9

95.0
88.3
79.4

100.2
89.3
91.7

88.7
89.2
90.6

94.8
93.7
99.9

100.5
92.8
111.8

104.0
92.3
99.7

Commodity Prices Used

A  gold  price  of  US$1,500.00/oz  was  used  for  the  conversion  of  Mineral  Resources  to  ore  reserves  at  an  exchange  rate  of  
ZAR8.29/US$ resulting in a gold price of ZAR400,000/kg.

Pay Limit Calculation

For the purpose of accurate and optimal pay limit calculations the mine is broken up into mining districts based on geographical 
location and common infrastructural considerations. The reason for this is that mining costs in each district differ based on location 
and infrastructure. A regional pay limit calculation is in place at all operations at Barberton Mines. Regional pay limits for the different 
mining districts for the 2013 financial business plan are as follows:

3#

PC#

MMR Section

New Consort Total

New Consort Mine
Pay limit

Sheba Mine
Pay limit

Fairview Mine
Pay limit

5.21g/t

7.13g/t

8.01g/t

6.73g/t

Above Adit Level

MRC & ZK Shafts

Sheba Total

4.30g/t

1#

4.32g/t

5.02g/t

3#

6.43g/t

5.00g/t

Fairview Total

5.90g/t

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

57

Barberton Gold Mining Operations
Continued

Fairview
The  optimiser  was  used  to  guide  the  planning  process  and 
inputs were determined by both corporate and the mine. Inputs 
included the attainment of a 50% profit margin at a gold price 
of ZAR400,000/kg and a total mining cost of ZAR1,798/tonne 
giving the cut-off grade of 1.7g/t. However, the overall mining mix 
grade  would  have  to  be  maintained  at  3.53g/t  and  this  would 
only be achieved by mining 36.7% of ore between the 1.7g/t cut 
off  and  the  optimal  cut  off  of  5.14g/t  (ie  average  3.42g/t)  and 
the rest at an average grade of 16.95g/t. For practicality, however, 
the cut-off was rounded off to 2.0g/t.

Sheba
Again for Sheba a 50% profit margin was applied at the same gold 
price of ZAR400,000/kg and a total mining cost of ZAR1,878/tonne  
giving a cut-off of 5.09g/t. The overall mining mix grade would 
have  to  be  maintained  at  12.18g/t  to  achieve  this.  Again  for 
practicality, the cut-off was rounded off to 2.0g/t.

New Consort
New  Consort’s  current  measured  and  indicated  reserves  are 
limited.  Current  ore  reserve  generation  projects  are  in  place 
together  with  exploration  drilling  to  assist  in  the  conversion 
of  resource  to  reserve  and  this  is  a  major  focus  area.  A 
lower  profit  margin  of  20%  was  applied  to  New  Consort  as 
a  guideline  resulting  in  a  cut-off  of  7.55g/t. The  overall  mining 
mix grade would have to be maintained at 13.58g/t to achieve 
this. Again for practicality, the cut-off was rounded off to 2.0g/t. 
The  mining  mix  grade  of  5.66g/t  would  have  to  be  achieved 
by planning.

Barberton Mines – Total
Even though Consort remains a challenge to sustain the current 
production profile into its LOM  plan, tremendous  strides have 
been  made  in  a  Mineral  Resource  Management  strategy  of 
increasing the resource base on a year-to-year basis. Barberton 
Mines  as  a  whole  will  achieve  its  mining  mix  grade  for  the 
2012/2013  financial  year  of  8.25g/t  planned  grade  vs  4.07g/t 
mining  mix  grade  from  the  optimiser  for  a  25%  overall  profit 
margin.

Cut-off and Average-Mining-
Grade (‘AMG’) Calculation

The  developed  Mineral  Resource  optimiser  tool  was  applied 
to  the  Mineral  Resource  inventory.  Functionally  it  is  based  on 
the  concept  of  cut-off  grade  calculation  in  order  to  guide  the 
mine planning process. An optimal cut-off is determined which 
calculates the lowest grade at which the orebody can be mined 
such  that  the  total  profits,  under  a  specified  set  of  mining 
parameters, are maximised. This calculation was performed for 
each major area.

Cut-off grades are determined using the optimiser programme 
that requires the following as inputs:
•  The database inventory of all Mineral Resource blocks;
•  An assumed gold price – ZAR400,000/kg;
•  Planned production rates for each mine;
•  Mine Call Factor;
•  Plant Recovery; and
•   Planned cash operating costs and other efficiency factors are 

calculated using historical achievements as a baseline.

Optimiser cut-off and average grades currently used are tabled 
below:

Unit Fairview Sheba

New
Consort

Total
Barberton 
Mines

Optimal Cut-offs

Marginal Cut-offs

g/t

g/t

5.14

1.70

5.09

4.85

7.55

3.50

5.60

1.4

AMG (Face Grade) 
(Optimal)

AMG (Head 
Grade) (Optimal)

g/t

16.95

12.18

13.27

15.64

g/t

16.53

12.18

12.61

15.25

Marginal Tonnes 
(25% profit margin) Tonnes

Mining Mix Grade 

MCF

PRF

g/t

%

%

Gold Price

ZAR/g

AMG (Face Grade)

AMG (Head Grade)

Pay Limits @ 
ZAR400/g

Reserve Grade

g/t

g/t

g/t

g/t

36.7

3.53

97.5

90.5

400

12.40

12.09

5.1

11.17

101

4.96

100

92.5

400

6.20

6.20

5.08

6.69

215

5.66

95

90

400

8.10

7.33

7.41

8.04

2,848

4.07

95

90

400

8.25

8.04

5.51

9.54

58

 
Mineral Inventory

Mineral
Reserves
Classification 

Proved

Probable

Tonnes 
kt

1,565

9,771

Contained
Gold 
kg

Grade
(g/t)

7.49

2.49

11,731

24,342

koz

377

782

Please note due to rounding some errors may occur

Total Proved 
and Probable

11,337

3.18

36,073

1,159

Mineral 
Resources
Classification

Tonnes 
kt

Grade 
(g/t)

Measured

3,201

Indicated

10,033

Inferred

3,911

8.18

3.87

6.82

Contained
Gold
kg

26,193

koz

842

38,799

1,247

26,695

858

Total Measured
and Indicated

Total Mineral
Resource

13,234

4.91

64,993

2,089

17,146

5.35

91,688

2,947

The following table illustrates the detailed version of each section’s Mineral Resource:
BGMO Mineral Resources estimate per mine as at 31 March 2012

Mineral Resource – March 2012

Operations

Classification

Sheba

Consort

Fairview

TOTAL MINES

Slimes Dumps

SURFACE ORE

Outside Sections

TOTAL

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Total

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Tonnes

1,013,500

1,318,100

1,807,400

4,139,100

373,300

184,800

294,200

852,400

1,815,000

829,800

643,800

3,288,500

3,201,800

2,332,700

2,745,500

8,280,000

–

7,194,400

1,054,000

8,248,400

220,700

–

285,000

112,100

397,400

3,201,800

10,033,100

3,911,500

17,146,400

g/t

7.75

5.48

4.67

5.68

9.13

11.50

9.12

9.64

8.23

19.70

20.67

13.56

8.18

11.02

8.90

9.22

–

1.56

1.30

1.52

1.81

–

5.16

8.03

5.97

8.18

3.87

6.82

5.35

kg

7,851

7,227

8,432

23,510

3,408

2,126

2,683

8,216

14,934

16,350

13,310

44,594

26,193

25,703

24,425

76,321

–

11,225

1,370

12,595

400

–

1,472

900

2,373

26,193

38,799

26,695

91,688

oz

252,410

232,369

271,098

755,877

109,568

68,340

86,251

264,160

480,154

525,649

427,919

1,433,722

842,132

826,358

785,268

2,453,758

–

360,878

44,053

404,931

12,858

–

47,333

28,946

76,278

842,132

1,247,427

858,266

2,947,826

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

59

Barberton Gold Mining Operations
Continued

Barberton Mines Mineral Reserves estimate per mine as at 31 March 2012

Mineral Reserve – March 2012

Operations

Classification

Sheba

Consort

Fairview

TOTAL MINES

Slimes Dumps

Surface Ore

TOTAL

Proved

Probable

Total

Proved

Probable

Total

Proved

Probable

Total

Proved

Probable

Total

Probable

Probable

Proved

Probable

Total

Tonnes

532,200 

1,393,500 

1,925,700 

93,500 

142,400 

235,900 

940,100 

864,900 

1,805,000 

1,565,800 

2,400,800 

3,966,600 

7,194,000 

176,600 

1,565,800 

9,771,800 

11,337,600 

g/t

7.10

4.27

5.05

8.44

7.77

8.04

7.62

15.03

11.17

7.49

8.36

8.02

0.57

1.19

7.49

2.49

3.18

kg

3,777 

5,957 

9,734 

790 

1,107 

1,897 

7,164 

13,003 

20,167 

11,731 

20,067 

31,797 

4,065 

210 

15,796 

20,277 

36,073 

oz

121,446

191,507

312,953

25,390

35,585

60,975

230,319

418,065

648,384

377,155

645,156

1,022,312

130,701

6,750

507,857

651,906

1,159,763

Year-on-Year Mineral Inventory Reconciliation

Resource @ March 2011

Resource @ March 2012

+/- Variance

% Variance Year-on-Year

Resource Table

kt

g/t

t  Au

koz

kt

g/t

t  Au

koz

kt

g/t

t  Au

koz

kt

g/t

t  Au

koz

Measured

2,750

8.45 23,300

750

3,200

8.18 26,200

840

450

-0.27

2,900

90

16.36

-3.18

12.45

12.00

Indicated

Inferred

7,340

5.50 40,300

1,300 10,030

3.87 38,800

1,250

2,690

-1.63

-1,500

-50

36.65

-29.64

-3.72

-3.85

2,510

8.01 20,100

650

3,910

6.82 26,700

860

1,400

-1.19

6,600

180

55.78

-14.80

32.84

32.31

Total

12,600

6.64 83,700

2,700 17,140

5.35 91,700

2,950

4,540

-1.29

8,000

220

36.03 -19.46

9.56

9.26

Total Measured 
and Indicated

10,090

6.30 63,600

2,050 13,230

4.91 65,000

2,090

3,140

-1.39

1,400

40

31.12 -22.06

2.20

1.95

Reserve @ March 2011

Reserve @ March 2012

+/- Variance

% Variance Year-on-Year

Reserve Table

kt

g/t

t  Au

koz

kt

g/t

t  Au

Proved

1,220

7.30

8,900

290

1,570

7.49 11,700

koz

380

kt

g/t

t  Au

koz

kt

g/t

t  Au

koz

350

0.20

2,800

90

28.69

2.69

31.46

31.03

Probable

2,610

8.51 22,200

710

9,770

2.49 24,300

780

7,160

-6.01

2,100

70 274.33

-70.71

9.46

9.86

Total

3,830

8.12 31,100

1,000 11,340

3.17 36,000

1,160

7,510

-4.95

4,900

160 196.08

-60.90

15.76

16.00

*	

	Frans	Chadwick,	the	Chief	Surveyor	at	Barberton	Mines,	signs	off	mineral	Resources	for	Barberton	Mines.	He	is	a	member	of	the	South	African	Council	for	Professional	and	Technical	Surveyors	(PLATO)
(PMS0033).	The	reported	Mineral	Resource	Statements	are	SAMREC	Compliant	and	the	Resource	numbers	in	the	Mineral	Resource	and	Mineral	Reserve	tables	have	been	rounded	to	reflect	the	
appropriate	level	of	confidence.		Mineral	Reserves	are	reported	as	subsets	of	Mineral	Resources.		Some	errors	may	occur	due	to	rounding.

60

Frans Chadwick, the Chief Surveyor at Barberton Mines, signs off 
Mineral Resources for Barberton Mines. He is a member of the 
South African Council for Professional and Technical Surveyors 
(PLATO)  (PMS0033).  Mr  Chadwick  is  based  at  Fairview  Mine, 
GMO Building, Barberton, 1300.

The  reported  Mineral  Resource  Statements  are  SAMREC 
Compliant and the Resource numbers in the Mineral Resource 
and  Mineral  Reserve  tables  have  been  rounded  to  reflect  the 
appropriate level of confidence. Mineral Reserves are reported 
as subsets of Mineral Resources.

Mr  Chadwick  has  confirmed  in  writing  that  the  information 
disclosed  is  compliant  with  Section  12  of  the  JSE  Listings 
Requirements  and Table  1  of  the  SAMREC  Code  2009,  and 
that it may be published in the form and context in which it is 
intended.

F Chadwick
26 September 2012

Commentary on the Mineral Resources 
and Mineral Reserves 2012

As  at  31  March  2012,  Barberton  Mines  reported  a  Mineral 
Reserve  of  1,159,763oz  and  Mineral  Resource  of  2,947,826oz 
contained gold. The Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources 
are inclusive of those Resources modified to produce the Mineral 
Reserves. Reserves are reported as mill delivered tonnes at the 
grade recovered having duly considered all modifying factors.

During the 2012 financial year the following significant changes to 
the Resources occurred:
•   The majority of additional resources were added from surface 
tailings  dams  and  dumps  associated  with  the  Barberton 
Mining Operations (these include the Harper and Bramber 
dumps/dams);

•   An  addition  of  220,730  tonnes  at  a  grade  of  1.81g/t  were 
included  from  surface  ore  and  stockpiles  as  an  Indicated 
Resource; and

•   Deep drilling at Fairview Mine resulted in significant extension 

to the high grade MRC Indicated Resource.

As a result of the above the Barberton Mines Mineral Resource 
inventory posted the following changes for 2012:
•   Increased  Barberton  Mines’  Mineral  Reserve  by  161,709oz 

contained gold;

•   Increased Barberton Mines’ Mineral Resource by 255,462oz 

contained gold;

•   Increased  Barberton  Mines’  Measured  Mineral  Resource 

by 93,954oz contained gold;

•   Decreased Barberton Mines’ Indicated Mineral Resource by 

49,371oz contained gold; and

•   Increased  Barberton  Mines’  Inferred  Mineral  Resource 

by 210,880oz contained gold.

Summary Comment on Mineral 
Resource Movement

Year-on-year, Barberton Mines’ Mineral Resources had a positive 
variance of 255,462oz contained gold. This was a result of the 
addition  of  new  resources  from  an  aggressive  exploration 
strategy  at  each  of  our  operations.  Confirmation  of  the  depth 
extensions  of  the  MRC  orebody  on  the  Fairview  lower  levels 
also added significant resources to Barberton Mines.

Summary Comment on Mineral 
Reserve Movement

There  was  a  year-on-year  positive  variance  of  90,000oz  with 
respect to the Mineral Reserves. As indicated in the table below, 
Barberton Mines’ ore reserves as at 31 March 2012 reflected a 
year-on-year mining depletion of 72,480oz.

Mineral Resource 
Reconciliation: 
2011 to 2012

Balance as at March 2011
Mined during 2012
Addition
Balance as at March 2012
Variance

Mineral Reserve 
Reconciliation: 
2011 to 2012

Balance as at March 2011
Mined during 2012
Addition
Balance as at March 2012
Variance

Gold (kg)

Gold (koz)

 83,742 
 2,254 
10,200
91,688
7,946

 2,692
 72
328
2,947
255

Gold (kg)

Gold (koz)

31,043
2,254
7,284
36,073
5,030

998
72
234
1,159
162

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

61

Barberton Gold Mining Operations
Continued

Grade Tonnage Curves
Mineral Reserve metal figures are fully inclusive of all mining dilutions and gold losses, and are reported as mill delivered tonnes and 
recovered grades.

New Consort Tonnage Grade Curve (face values)

Sheba Tonnage Grade Curve (face values)

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0

0

Cum face tonnes

Cum face grade

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Fairview Tonnage Grade Curve (face values)

Cum face tonnes

Cum face grade

2,000,000

1,800,000

1,600,000

1,400,000

1,200,000

1,000,000 

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

0

0

-200 000

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

2,500,000

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

500,000

0

0

Cum face tonnes

Cum face grade

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Mineral Reserve Sensitivity

The graph below illustrates ore reserve sensitivities to a changing 
gold price below and above ZAR275,000/kg.

MRM Risks

The risks relating to the MRM at Barberton Mines are set out 
below:
•  Delivery on operational plans:
  o   timeous delivery of capital ore reserve generation – thus 

increasing reserve flexibility;

  o   focused  grade  control  management  –  dilution,  vamping, 
sweepings and mining to an optimal cut-off grade;
  o   enhanced  management  on  quality  mining  to  optimise 

mining mixes; and

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

  o   focused management of VTN’s operational targets.

Ore Reserve Sensitivities 

1,200,000

1,000,000

800,000

z
o

600,000

400,000

200,000

0

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000
ZAR/kg Gold Price

450,000

500,000

550,000

600,000

        Ounces

g/t

818 

10.08 

919 

9.11 

945 

8.75 

1,001 

8.25 

1,022 

8.02 

1,035 

7.90 

1,058 

7.60 

1,061 

7.53 

1,061 

7.51 

62

g/t
12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00

•  Volatility in gold and exchange rates;
•   Grade  distribution  within  resource  –  thus  affecting  block 
factors and mine call factors. Exploration drilling and on-reef 
development  programme  to  add  more  integrity  to  grade 
estimates; and

•   Geometry of orebodies – thus affecting the tonnages of the 
resource. Reef development and exploration drilling to add 
confidence  on  geometry  of  orebodies.  3D  modelling  tools 
used to enhance the integrity of tonnages.

MRM – The Way Forward

Focus for the 2013 financial year will include the following:
•   To access historically mined out areas and remnant Resource 

blocks to produce and explore in these areas;

•   To  focus  exploration  on  continuing  to  define  short-term 
mining  blocks  and  converting  these  Indicated  and  Inferred 
Mineral  Resources  to  the  higher  confidence  measured 
category; and

•   To continue a longer term focus on extending and exploring 

the extensions of orebodies on all mines.

Mining Rights and Tenure

The mining rights relating to Barberton Mines are set out below:

Mine Name 

Mining Licence 

Mining Area 

Ore reserve 
generation 
ameliorates 
production 
problems 
associated with 
mining flexibility.

New Consort 
Mine 

MP 30/5/1/2/2/190 
MR 

Fairview Mine 

MP 30/5/1/2/2/191 
MR 

Lots 130, 131, 134, 135, 136, 137 and 159 of Section 
A Kaap Block, Lots 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 
198, 199, 200, 259, 260, 261, 262, 265, 269 and 281 of 
Section D Kaap Block and the farms Dublin 302 JU, 
Tinto 300 JU, Segalla 306 JU and Whitwick 301 JU.

159 of Section A Kaap Block, Lots 191, 192, 
193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 259, 260, 
261, 262, 265, 269 and 281 of Section D Kaap 
Block and the farms Dublin 302 JU, Tinto 300 
JU, Segalla 306 JU and Whitwick 301 JU.

Area (ha) 

Expiry Date

2,520.81 

27 April 2021

3,033.86 

27 April 2021

Sheba Mine 

MP 30/5/1/2/2/189 
MR 

Lots 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 153, 155, 
156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 166, 167 and 169 of 
Section A Kaap Block and the farm Camelot 320 JU. 

1,705.06 

27 April 2021

The  mineral  rights  pertaining  to  Barberton  Mines  were  issued 
by  the  Department  of  Mineral  Resource  (‘DMR’),  in  terms  of 
Item 7 of Schedule II of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources 
Development Act (‘MPRDA’).

Mineral  rights  to  Barberton  Mines  comprise  three  separate 
mining rights for the three different mining operations. All three 
operations’  old  order  rights  were  converted  to  the  sole  and 
exclusive  right  to  mine  on  28 April  2011  (registration  of  the 

mining  rights  is  pending  due  to  administrative  backlog  beyond 
the  mine’s  control). The  description  of  the  mining  area  of  all 
these  mines  is  situated  in  the  Mpumalanga  Magisterial  District 
of  Barberton  and  the  commodity  is  gold.  All  three  of  these 
mining  rights  will  continue  to  be  in  force  for  a  period  of  10 
years ending on 27 April 2021. There are thus no complications 
regarding  the  mining  rights  during  the  short-term  future. 
Ongoing prospecting is taking place in the mining licence area to 
continuously assess the extent of the gold mineralisation.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

63

Phoenix Platinum CTRP

Operation at a Glance
Operation Name

Phoenix Platinum CTRP

Parent and ownership percentage

Pan African Resources PLC (100% attributable)

Holding company

Country of operation

Provincial jurisdiction

Number of employees

Number of contractors

Commodities being mined

Geological setting

Mining method

Extraction method

Name Plate Annual Production

Tonnage (t)

Plant Feed Grade (g/t)

PGMs produced (oz)

Cash cost

Capex per annum

LOM

Phoenix Platinum (Pty) Limited (South African incorporated)

South Africa

North West

5

50

Platinum (56.5%), Palladium (27%), Rhodium (16%)  
and Gold (0.05%) (‘PGE 4Es’)

Bushveld Igneous Complex. Chrome seams containing 
PGMs from International Ferro Metals (‘IFM’)

Current arisings tailings produced by IFM during their mining operation 
are delivered directly to the CTRP and material from old tailings dams

SMD bead milling and flotation (concentrate is delivered 
to Lonmin’s Mooinooi Smelter for toll extraction)

240,000

3.16g/t

12,000oz 6E

US$450/oz

£0.4 million (ZAR5 million)

17 years

The construction of the CTRP was 
completed in November 2011 with 
the first low grade concentrate 
delivered at the end of December 2011.

64

Setting the Scene
The  Phoenix  Project  has  a  total  South  African  Code  for 
Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral 
Reserves  (‘SAMREC’)  compliant  resource  of  493,000oz  PGM 
4Es (4,853,000 tonnes at 3.16g/t PGM 4Es in	situ).

The  project is expected to produce 211,000oz PGM 6Es  at a 
plant  recovery  of  45%  over  the  17-year  life  of  the  operation 
with a planned annual retreatment capacity of 240,000 tonnes. 
The  total  capital  cost  required  to  construct  and  commission 
the  plant  was  £8.5  million  (ZAR104  million). The  cost  for  the 
plant was funded from existing cash resources within the Group. 
A sale of concentrate agreement was concluded with Western 
Platinum Limited (‘WPL’) during November 2011.

The  construction  of  the  CTRP  was  completed  in  November 
2011 with the first low grade concentrate delivered to WPL at 
the end of December 2011.

During the hot commissioning phase the metallurgists continued 
with  CTRP  stabilisation  to  achieve  steady  state  concentrate 
production. The IFM feed source to the CTRP prior to January 
2012  originated  from  the  IFM  Lesedi  underground  operations 
and this sulphide rich tailings material was the basis of the original 
CTRP project flotation test work. Due to financial considerations 
IFM drastically cut back on the Lesedi underground tonnes and 
moved mining operations to the low-cost opencast oxidised ore 
section at Skychrome.

This  opencast  material  being  highly  oxidised,  contains  poor 
quality chrome and low PGE grades. Feeding this material into 
the  CTRP  is  not  ideal  as  the  highly  oxidised  tailings  do  not 
float  properly.  The  metallurgy  of  oxidised  tailings  negatively 
affects  recovery  and  grade,  leading  to  poor  PGE  concentrate 
production. The oxide to sulphide ratio contained in the run of 
mine ore from the IFM opencast pits will reduce proportionately 
with the increase in depth of the mining cut. Various options are 
being  investigated  to  address  the  effect  of  the  highly  oxidised 
feed source, recoveries and final concentrate grade.

Key Historical Developments
Date

Development

21 May 2009

November 2010

November 2010

March 2011

Pan African Resources acquired Phoenix

Agreement reached with IFM to make use of IFM’s infrastructure (electric power and water) and 
to construct the CTRP for Phoenix on the IFM property

Agreement concluded with Matomo Basil Read to construct the CTRP

Construction of the CTRP commenced

September to November 2011

Retreat Tailings dam No 2 followed by the construction of the Tailings Storage Facility Extension

November 2011

November 2011

December 2011

Sale of Concentrate Agreement signed with Western Platinum Limited (‘WPL’)

CTRP commissioning commenced with first non-spec concentrate produced in December 2011

Commenced CTRP Hot Commissioning with first low grade saleable concentrate supplied to 
WPL end December 2011, and to stabilise the CTRP to achieve a steady state for concentrate 
specifications

May 2012

Commenced final ramp-up of production

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

65

Phoenix Platinum CTRP
Continued

Safety, Health, Environment 
and Community Development 
(‘SHEC’) Policy
Phoenix operates under the IFM Mining Right and complies with 
the IFM Health, Safety and Environmental Policy which is in line 
with the Pan African Resources policy.

Environmental and Safety Results for 2011/2012 financial year

Description

Plant Spillage Incidents

Return to Work Injuries

Lost Time Injuries 

Reportable Injuries 

LTIFR

RIFR

Safety

2011/2012

6

3

0

0

0

0

Baseline risk assessments together with associated specific issue 
based appraisals form the foundation of the safety programme. 
A  behavioural  training  programme  motivates  employees  to 
operate in a responsible and safe manner.

All  safety  occurrences  are  fully  investigated  and  corrective 
actions  designed  and  prescribed.  Where  necessary,  remedial 
training is carried out.

Health

The services of an independent contractor have been secured 
to  monitor  the  Occupational  Exposures  at  the  CTRP  and  to 
measure employee compliance.

Phoenix has embarked on an HIV and TB initiative to ensure the 
well-being of our employees. Confidential testing is encouraged 
and ARVs supplied where needed.

Environment
Introduction
Phoenix Platinum endeavours to comply with all environmental 
compliance  needs  and  mitigation  into  potential  risks  has  been 
put into place.

As a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pan African Resources, Phoenix 
Platinum  complies  with  the  Safety,  Health,  Environment  and 
Community  Development  Policy  of  Pan  African  Resources. 

66

Phoenix Platinum strives to ensure that all environmental risks 
are identified within the CTRP and its surrounding areas, and the 
mitigation to these risks are implemented. Due to the location 
of the CTRP, Phoenix Platinum complies with the Environmental 
Management Plan of International Ferro Metals (‘IFM’).

Environmental Compliance
Financing
A  financial  quantum  assessment  was  performed  by  Prescali 
Environmental Consultants (Pty) Limited in terms of the Mineral 
and  Petroleum  Resources  Development  Act,  No  28  of  2002 
during  June  2012. The  outcome  indicated  a  closure  liability  of 
£0.1 million (ZAR1.2 million) if the mine/plant were to be shut 
down immediately.

The  abovementioned  liability  is  currently  small  enough  to  be 
covered from normal company cash flows and there is no need 
at this point in time to investigate other options to finance the 
liability.

Risks

The highest risks to Phoenix Platinum regarding environmental 
compliance are:

Ground Pollution

Tailings  spillage 
in  a  non-controlled 
environment,  CTRP  spillage,  incorrect 
hydrocarbon disposal and waste handling.

Air Pollution

Dust pollution from trucks.

Water Pollution

Chemical  (Reagent)  contamination  in 
water source.

Mitigation of Risks

The  following  actions  were  put  into  place  to  ameliorate  the 
abovementioned risks:

Ground Pollution
•   A  communication  network  has  been  set-up  between 
the  tailings  dam  operator  and  the  CTRP  personnel  to 
immediately  report  any  tailings  line  damage.  By  doing  this, 
spillage is minimised and the problem is rectified immediately.
•   The  remining  area  at  the  CTRP  poses  the  highest  risk  for 
ground pollution; actions have already been put in place to 
remedy the non-conformances.

•   An oil store has been constructed to control hydrocarbons 
and  chemicals  and  the  appropriate  spillage  kits  were  made 
available. Waste drums used to separate the waste in the plant 
have been strategically placed to ensure waste separation.

Air Pollution
•   Spray water trucks are used to keep the roads wet to ensure 
that any dust emissions from truck movements are minimised.

Water Pollution
•   Reagent  dosages  are  constantly  monitored  to  ensure  that 

residual chemicals are below national standards.

Community Development

Phoenix  sources  70%  of  its  labour  force  from  the  local 
communities  in  which  it  operates.  In  addition  to  this  Phoenix 
strives  to  use  local  businesses  to  source  material  for  the 
operation of the plant.

Management Team
Phoenix Platinum is wholly owned by PAR and the management operates in a flat structure. The Plant Manager: Metallurgy reports 
directly into the Phoenix Board (Jan Nelson, Ron Holding and Busi Sitole). The plant is operated by Metanza while the Tailings Storage 
Facility is operated by Fraser Alexander.

Name

Age Designation

Qualification

Bertin Mcleod

35

Plant Manager: 
Metallurgy

BTech: Chemical Engineering

Management Development Certificate

Experience

10 years of platinum 
industry experience

Avinash Kandhai

30

Cost Accountant

BTech: Accounting 

Senior Management 
Development Certificate

Phumzile Mokoena

24 Metallurgist

BTech: Chemical Engineering 

Hendrik Snyman

38 Manager: Metanza 

BEng Metallurgical (Extractive)

(CTRP)

Certificate in Business Management

Certificate in Leadership Programme

Professional Engineer

Seven years of mining 
experience and eight years 
of financial experience

One year of metallurgy-
related experience

16 years of metallurgy- 
related experience

Hector Mapheto

31 Operations 

BSc Eng Chemical

Manager: CTRP 

Professional Engineer

Seven years of metallurgy- 
related experience

Frans Grobler

49

Area Manager

Matric – 1980

28 years of tailings dams experience

(TSF Operations)

Daniel Maponya

31

Site Manager

National Diploma: Engineering Civil

(TSF Operations)

Mine Residue Deposits Certificate

BTech: Engineering Water

Four years of tailings 
dams experience

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

67

Phoenix Platinum CTRP
Continued

Operational Performance
Production Results for 2012

Operating Months

Plant Feed
Head Grade
Overall Plant Recovery
Percent Cr2O3
Ounces Produced 6E PGE

Basket Price Received

Total Cash Cost

Cash Cost Per Tonne
Capital Expenditure
Exchange Rate – Average

Dec
2011

11,625
4.21
28
2.46
439
961
7,853
727
5,938
27
224
195,545
8.17

(t)
(g/t)
(%)
(%)
(oz)
($/oz)
(ZAR/oz)
($/oz)
(ZAR/oz)
($/oz)
(ZAR/oz)
($/oz)
(ZAR/oz)

Jan
2012

Feb
2012

14,239
3.32
9
2.57
122
940
7,523
2,575
20,599
22
176

19,327
4.22
20
2.39
587
1,048
8,015
577
4,414
18
134
854,882 2,126,370
7.65

8.00

Mar
2012

18,382
4.20
17
2.4
405
1,028
7,785
882
6,678
19
147
553,910
7.57

Apr
2012

15,616
4.63
20
1.94
439
990
7,733
781
6,102
22
172
271,745
7.81

May
2012

21,994
3.92
27
2.87
777
929
7,537
586
4,756
21
168
0
8.11

Jun
2012

23,281
4.64
24
2.81
705
918
7,681
664
5,560
20
168
958,446
8.37

Efficiency/Optimisation 
Drivers and Focus Areas
Plant Recoveries

The projects identified to improve plant recoveries included the 
optimisation of the mill grind, reagent suites and the feed source 
variability. The following actions took place for the stated projects 
respectively:
•  increased sampling campaigns for different mill conditions;
•  additional laboratory test work required; and
•   ongoing  test  work  on  feed  sources  and  monitoring  poor 

quality (oxidised) feed sources.

Improve Concentrate Grades

In order to improve concentrate grades, the following projects 
were identified for the optimisation of the plant parameters: mill 
grind,  flotation,  metallurgy  and  mass  pull. The  following  actions 
took place respectively:
•  increase sampling campaigns for different mill conditions;
•  optimise flotation resonance time; and
•  optimise mass flow and training.

Minimise Chrome Penalties

In  order  to  reduce  the  chrome  content,  a  high  PGE  6E  grade 
concentrate was produced and low chrome grade feed sources 
were targeted.

68

Long-Term TSF

The  following  projects  were  identified  for  long-term TSF:  Site 
selection,  Environmental  Impact  Assessment  (‘EIA’)  approval 
and Design and Construction. The following actions took place 
respectively:
•  identified Portion 22/23 of Buffelsfontein farm;
•  complete EIA process; and
•  finalise design and allocate construction contract.

Successes and Challenges
Successes

•  No lost time or reportable accidents reported.
•  All major commissioning problems identified and fixed.
•  A common reagent suite was identified for all ore types.
•  Plant design throughput achieved.

Challenges

•   Unplanned  oxidised  material  received 

IFM 
beneficiation  plant  decreased  the  recoverable  ounces  from 
the plant. In order to reduce the impact, a portion of this feed 
is bypassed directly to the tailings dam and the lost tonnage is 
made up by remining.

from  the 

•   The feed well of the feed thickener restricted plant throughput. 

This was fixed in April 2012.

•   As part of the commissioning the nozzles at the remining had 
to be adjusted to maximise throughput. This was completed 
in April 2012.

•   A  design  modification  had  to  be  made  on  the  remaining 

grizzly to improve throughput, completed May 2012.

Geographic Location

Rustenburg

Sterkstroom M

a

r

e

t
l

w

a

n

e

Brits

R 5 6 6

R

511

R
24

’

5
4
°
5
2

R
30

AQPSA

Samancor Millsell Mine

Xstrata Kroondal Mine

N4

Kroondal dump

Middelkraal
Dam

Elandskraal dumps and pits

IFM

N4

Bapong

N4

2
1
5
R

IFM surface area

IFM mining area

Buffelsfontein Dams and Current Arisings

Mooinooi

Planned Phoenix CTRP location

Hartebeespoort Dam

Olifantsnek
Dam

Buffelspoort 
Dam

27°15’

27°30’

0

5km

2
1
5
R

LEGEND:

Rivers

Dams

Towns

Roads

Railway

27°45’

Powerlines

Protected Natural Environment

Active Mines

Other Tailings Retreatment Facilities 

Project Boundaries

•   Limited  tailings  deposition,  the  current  tailings  dam  at  IFM 
is  only  designed  for  20,000  tonnes  per  month. When  the 
oxidised material is bypassed the tailings tonnage to the dam 
increases and poses a risk to the capacity of the dam.

Outlook and Future
The management team at Phoenix will strive to produce PGM 
6Es safely and at the lowest possible cost. The team is focused 
on producing 12,000oz for the next financial year through driving 
efficiencies, delivering on the Environmental Impact Assessment 
for the new TSF and securing additional resources. Management 
will continue to increase their involvement with all stakeholders.

Mineral Resource Management
Mining and Treatment Background, 
Current Arising Feed and Method 
of Reclamation (Remining) 
from Tailings Dams

Phoenix  Platinum  recovers  Platinum  Group  Metals  (‘PGMs) 
from tailings dumps, dams and current arisings through Mineral 
Rights Agreements pertaining to the Buffelsfontein (‘IFM’) Tailings 
Dams and current arisings, the Elandskraal dumps and pits and 
the Kroondal dump. The tailings, dumps and current arisings are 
covered through various agreements and are the feed source for 
240ktpa Chrome Tailings Retreatment Plant.

The  tailings  dumps  are  mechanically  reclaimed  by  excavator 
and  30  ton  dump  trucks  from  the  tailings  dams  and  trammed 
to  the  CTRP  remining  section.  This  material  is  hydraulically 
repulped  at  the  remining  section  and  pumped  through  the 
screening  and  classifying  section  and  then  into  the  thickener. 
The  thickened  slurry  is  then  ultra  fine  milled  in  a  SMD  bead 
mill prior to treatment in the flotation section. The concentrates 
produced are then discharged into a storage tank for collection 
and delivery to the PGM smelter.

Description and Geographic Location

Phoenix Platinum is a tailings retreatment operation, processing 
tailings from chrome seam mining. The geographic location of the 
Phoenix Platinum Project is set out above:

Mineral Resources, Reserves and 
Life of Mine Management
Competent Person’s Statement
As  at  30  June  2012,  Phoenix  Platinum  amended  the  Reserve 
and  Resource  Statement. The  Measured  and  Indicated  Mineral 
Resources are inclusive of those resources modified to produce 
the Reserves. Mineral Reserves are reported as plant delivered 
tonnes at the grade recovered. The Mineral Resource estimate 
has  been  compiled  in  accordance  with  the  SAMREC  Code. 
The  verification  and  validation  of  the  data  was  managed  by 
Mr Eugene Nel, Professional Metallurgist, who is accredited with 
the Engineering Council of South Africa (‘ECSA’).

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

69

Phoenix Platinum CTRP 
Continued

ENC Minerals were requested to review the Mineral Resource 
update for 2012 and to convert the Resource Estimation into 
a  SAMREC  compliant  Mineral  Reserve  for  the  Phoenix  PGM 
Project.  The  2010  base  Resource  calculations  were  used  as 
a  basis  for  this  review  and  update.  Based  on  the  information 
supplied,  ENC  Minerals  has  accepted  this  as  being  a  true  and 
accurate measurement of the initial Mineral Resource.

Subsequent  to  the  2011  Resource  measurement,  additional 
deposition  of  material  took  place  on  the  Buffelsfontein  tailings 
dam prior to the Phoenix processing plant becoming operational. 
The  measured  tonnes  of  material  were  obtained  from  the 
production  database  of  IFM  and  this  has  been  included  as  an 
Indicated Resource in the statement.

For  the  purpose  of  converting  the  Mineral  Resource  to  a 
Mineral  Reserve  we  have  based  our  calculations  on  results  of 
test work done during the design phase of the project as well 
as  process  efficiency  data  measured  during  the  initial  phase  of 
operation.  In  addition,  the  test  work  and  process  data  results 
were compared with operating results achieved at other similar 
operations in order to validate the recovery values achieved.

The Phoenix Platinum Resource to Reserve Conversion

Based  on  these  two  inputs  we  believe  that  an  overall  average 
recovery of 45% will be achievable by the current process design. 
It is highly likely that the recovery for individual sections of each 
resource  will  vary  depending  on  the  area  of  resource  being 
mined. Test  work  was,  however,  done  on  composite  samples 
covering the complete resource area and, therefore, the average 
projected recovery value of 45% has been used throughout the 
Resource to Reserve conversion.

The Resource to Reserve conversion is attached to this report.

Yours sincerely

E Nel (Pr Tech Eng)(MBA)

Managing	Director
ENC Minerals

Resource
 Category

Mass 
(kt)

Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Total
Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Total
Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Total

Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Total

 218 
 208 

 426 
 1,149 
 145 
 42 
 1,336 
 260 
 30 
 120 
 410 
 2,172 

 1,597 
 443 
 641 
 2,681 

PGM
Grade 
4E
(g/t)

3.66
3.39

 3.53 
 2.45 
 2.04 
 2.00 
 2.39 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.54 

 3.66 
 3.66 
 3.66 
 3.66 

Project

Mineral Resources (Dams, 
Dumps and Pits)

Buffelsfontein Tailings Dams

Elandskraal Dumps and Pits

Kroondal Dumps

Total In situ Resource
Mineral Resources (Current 
Arisings)

Buffelsfontein Current  
Arisings

Total Dams, Dumps, Pits and 
Current Arisings

PGM 
Metal 
(kg)

PGM
Metal 
(oz)

Reserve
Category

Mass 
(kt)

Projected
metal-
lurgical 
recovery
(%)

Recover-
able 
PGM
Metal
(kg)

Recover-
able 
PGM
Metal
(oz)

PGM
Grade 
4E
(g/t)

 797 
 705 

26,000
Proven
23,000 Probable

 218 
 208 

 1,502 
 2,813 
 296 
 84 
 3,193 
 520 
 60 
 240 
 820 
 5,515 

Total
49,000
 90,000 
Proven
 9,000  Probable
3,000
 102,000
 17,000

Total
Proven
2,000  Probable
8,000
 27,000
 178,000 

Total

 5,845 
 1,621 
 2,348 
 9,814 

 188,000
Proven 
 52,000  Probable
 75,000
 315,000

Total

 426 
 1,149 
 145 

 1,294 
 260 
 30 

 290 
 2,010 

 1,597 
 443 

45%
45%

45%
45%
45%

45%
45%
45%

45%
45%

45%
45%

1.65
 1.53 

 1.59 
 1.10 
 0.92 

 1.08 
 0.90 
 0.90 

 0.90 
 1.16 

 359 
 317 

12,000
 10,000

 676 
 1,266 
 133 

 22,000 
 41,000
 4,000

 1,399 
 234 
 27 

 45,000
8,000
1,000

 261 
 2,336 

9,000
76,000

 1.65 
 1.65 

 2,630 
 729 

 85,000
 23,000 

 2,040 

45%

 1.65 

 3,360 

 108,000 

 4,853 

 3.16 

 15,329 

 493,000

 4,050 

45%

 1.41 

 5,696 

 184,000

This	Reserve	conversion	was	compiled	by	Mr	Eugene	Nel,	a	registered	Professional	Engineering	Technologist	with	the	Engineering	Council	of	South	Africa	(Reg	no.	200570019).	Mr	Nel	is	also	a	member	of	the	South	African	Institute	of	Mining	and	
Metallurgy	as	well	as	the	Mine	Metallurgical	Managers’	Association	with	15	years’	experience	in	the	mineral	processing	field.	Mr	Nel	is	based	at	ENC	Minerals	head	office	situated	at	Wellness	World	Office	Park	2B,	Ifafi,	0216,	Hartbeespoort,	South	
Africa.

70

Year-On-Year Mineral Inventory Reconciliation

Phoenix Platinum Resource Statement

Resource at June 2011

Resource at June 2012

± Variances

Project

Resource 
Category

Mass 
(kt)

PGM Grade
4E (g/t)

PGM Metal
(kg)

PGM Metal
(oz)

Mass
(kt)

PGM Grade
4E (g/t)

PGM Metal
(kg)

PGM Metal
(oz)

Mass
(kt)

PGM Grade
4E (g/t)

PGM Metal
(kg)

PGM Metal
(oz)

Mineral Resource (Dams, Dumps and Pits)

Mineral Resource (Dams, Dumps and Pits)

Mineral Resource (Dams, Dumps and Pits)

Buffelsfontein Tailings 
Dams

Elandskraal Dumps 
and Pits

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Measured

Kroondal Dumps

Indicated

Total Resource

Buffelsfontein Current 
Arisings

Inferred

Total

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total

Total Dams, Dumps, Pits and 
Current Arisings

218

3.66

797

26,000

218

208

218

1,149

145

42

1,336

260

30

120

410

1,964

3.66

2.45

2.04

2.00

2.39

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.45

797

2,813

296

84

3,193

520

60

240

820

26,000

426

90,000

1,149

9,000

3,000

145

42

102,000

1,336

17,000

2,000

8,000

27,000

260

30

120

410

4,810

155,000

2,172

3.66

3.39

3.52

2.45

2.04

2.00

2.39

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.54

208

208

704

23,000

704

23,000

797

704

1,501

2,813

296

84

3,193

520

60

240

820

26,000

23,000

49,000

90,000

9,000

3,000

102,000

17,000

2,000

8,000

27,000

5,514

178,000

208

0.09

704

Mineral Resource (Current Arisings)

Mineral Resource (Current Arisings)

Mineral Resource (Current Arisings)

1,597

443

641

2,681

4,646

3.66

3.66

3.66

3.66

3.15

5,845

1,621

2,348

9,814

188,000

1,597

52,000

75,000

443

641

315,000

2,681

14,624

470,000

4,853

3.66

3.66

3.66

3.66

3.16

5,845

1,621

2,348

9,814

188,000

52,000

75,000

315,000

–

15,328

493,000

207

–

0.01

–

704

–

23,000

The	PGM	4E	Mineral	Reserve	estimation	is	in	accordance	with	the	SAMREC	code.		The	responsible	Competent	Person	is	Mr	Eugene	Nel	(Pr	Tech	Eng)(MBA),	a	registered	Professional	Engineering	Technologist	with	the	Engineering	Council	of	South	Africa	
(Reg	no.	2005070019).		Mr	Nel	is	also	a	member	of	the	South	African	Institute	of	Mining	and	Metallurgy	as	well	as	the	Mine	Metallurgical	Managers	Association	with	15	years’	experience	in	the	mineral	processing	field.		Mr	Nel	is	based	at	ENC	
Minerals	head	office	situated	at	Wellness	World	Office	Park	2B,	Ifafi,	0216,	Hartbeespoort,	South	Africa.			The	competent	person	consents	to	the	inclusion	of	the	report	of	the	matters	based	on	the	information	based	in	the	form	and	context	in	which	it	
appears.

Phoenix Platinum Reserve Statement

Reserve at June 2011

Reserve at June 2012

± Variances

Project

Reserve  
Category

Mass 
(kt)

PGM Grade
4E (g/t)

PGM Metal
(kg)

PGM Metal
(oz)

Mass
(kt)

PGM Grade
4E (g/t)

PGM Metal
(kg)

PGM Metal
(oz)

Mass
(kt)

PGM Grade
4E (g/t)

PGM Metal
(kg)

PGM Metal
(oz)

Mineral Resource (Dams, Dumps and Pits)

Mineral Resource (Dams, Dumps and Pits)

Mineral Resource (Dams, Dumps and Pits)

Buffelsfontein Tailings 
Dams

Elandskraal Dumps 
and Pits

Kroondal Dumps

Proved

Probable

Total

Proved

Probable

Total

Proved

Probable

Total

218

218

1,149

145

1,294

260

30

290

Total Reserve

1,802

1.65

1.65

1.10

0.92

1.08

0.90

0.90

0.90

1.12

359

12,000

359

1,266

133

1,399

234

27

261

12,000

41,000

4,000

45,000

8,000

1,000

9,000

218

208

426

1,149

145

1,294

260

30

290

2,019

66,000

2,010

1.65

1.52

1.59

1.10

0.92

1.08

0.90

0.90

0.90

1.16

208

208

1.52

(0.06)

317

317

10,000

10,000

359

317

676

1,266

133

1,399

234

27

261

12,000

10,000

22,000

41,000

4,000

45,000

8,000

1,000

9,000

2,336

76,000

208

0.04

317

10,000

Mineral Reserves (Current Arisings)

Mineral Reserves (Current Arisings)

Mineral Reserves (Current Arisings)

Buffelsfontein 
Current Arisings

Proved

Probable

Total

Total Dams, Dumps, Pits and Current 
Arisings

1,597

443

2,040

3,842

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.40

2,630

730

3,360

85,000

23,000

108,000

1,597

443

2,040

5,379

174,000

4,050

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.41

2,630

730

3,360

85,000

23,000

108,000

5,696

184,000

208

0.01

317

10,000

The	PGM	4E	Mineral	Reserve	estimation	is	in	accordance	with	the	SAMREC	code.		The	responsible	Competent	Person	is	Mr	Eugene	Nel	(Pr	Tech	Eng.)(MBA),	a	registered	Professional	Engineering	Technologist	with	the	Engineering	Council	of	South	
Africa	(Reg	no.	2005070019).		Mr	Nel	is	also	a	member	of	the	South	African	Institute	of	Mining	and	Metallurgy	as	well	as	the	Mine	Metallurgical	Managers	Association	with	15	years’	experience	in	the	mineral	processing	field.		Mr	Nel	is	based	at	ENC	
Minerals	head	office	situated	at	Wellness	World	Office	Park	2B,	Ifafi,	0216,	Hartebeespoort,	South	Africa.			The	competent	person	consents	to	the	inclusion	of	the	report	of	the	matters	based	on	the	information	based	in	the	form	and	context	in	which	it	
appears.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

71

Phoenix Platinum CTRP
Continued

Mineral Rights

The respective Mineral Rights for the different Phoenix properties are outlined in the table below.

Farm

Ptns/Re

Type

Number

Start

Expiry

Right

Date

Size
(ha)

Holding
company

ML88/2003 22/12/03

21/12/2022

328.9083 IFM

Minerals

Chrome 
and PGMs

Buffelsfontein 
Tailings Dams 
and Current 
Arisings

Buffels-
fontein 
465JQ

Mining 
License

(Conversion 
lodged 
10/05/2006)

Ptn 11 
constituted 
by Ptns 20, 
21, 22, 23, 
24, 104.
Re Ptn 1

Ptn 12 

Elandskraal 
Dumps 
and Pits

Elandskraal 
469JQ

A Ptn of 
Ptn 155

Notarial 
Lease 
Agreement

Akte van 
Transport 
T31466/1965

N/a as 
Dumps are 
new order 
Mining Right

30/5/07

Kroondal 
Dump

Kroondal 
304JQ

Ptns of 
Ptns 92, 93 
and 102

Original 
Mining 
Permit

MP 82/2002 15/10/02

Initial period 
of eight 
years

Renewable 
for three 
periods of 
five years 
after initial 
eight-year 
period

100% 
owned

82.2270

88.8491

(Mining 
Area)

Minco

Chrome 
and PGMs

PGMs

9.4400 Phoenix 
Platinum 
through 
cession from 
GB Mining 

The management team at 
Phoenix will strive to produce 
PGM 6Es safely and at the 
lowest possible cost. 

72

Barberton Tailings Retreatment Plant

The Project at a Glance
Operation Name

Barberton Tailings Retreatment Plant Project (BTRP)

Parent and ownership percentage

Pan African Resources PLC (100% attributable)

Holding company

Country of operation

Provincial jurisdiction

Number of employees

Number of contractors

Commodity being mined

Geological setting

Mining method

Extraction method

Name Plate Annual Production

Tonnage (t)

Plant Feed Grade (g/t)

Gold produced (oz)

Cash cost

Capex per annum

LOM

Barberton Mines (Pty) Limited (South African incorporated)

South Africa

Mpumalanga

25

50

Gold

Tailings dams situated at Fairview and New Consort Mines

Hydro-mining of tailings dams

CIL

1,200,000

1.47g/t

20,000oz – 25,000oz

US$700/oz

£23.2 million (ZAR300 million)

10 years

BTRP is on track for final commissioning 
in June 2013 with planned output 
of 20,000koz per annum.

74

Setting the Scene

As a consequence of successful metallurgical test work carried 
out on composite drill hole samples drilled during the previous 
financial year, the potential of retreating the Bramber tailings dam 
was assessed in a feasibility study on the proposed construction 
of  a  tailings  retreatment  plant  (‘BTRP’)  at  Fairview  Mine. The 
viability of a retreatment plant was confirmed in an independent 
review by Venmyn Rand (Pty) Limited.

The construction of the BTRP on a site adjoining the Bramber 
Tailings  Storage  Facility  (‘TSF’)  began  in April  2012  and  is  well 
underway  and  on  target  to  commence  cold  commissioning  in 
April 2013. Additional land adjacent to the current tailings dam 
extension  has  been  acquired  for  a TSF  and  the  Environmental 
Impact Assessment (‘EIA’) is due to be completed by December 
2012 followed by the tailings dam construction.

flow  design  to  treat 
Detailed  engineering,  process  and 
approximately 1.2Mt per annum was carried out by Basil Read 
Matomo.

The life of the BTRP has been augmented by auger drilling on 
additional 6Mt of tailings at the Consort Tailings dam, extending 
the Life of Project from six to ten years.

When in production, the BTRP will increase the annual production 
profile at Barberton Mines by 20,000oz to 115,000oz a year.

Final commissioning is scheduled to be completed in June 2013 
and production build-up is planned from July 2013.

With  a  cost  structure  of  $700/oz  this  project  falls  well  in  line 
with the Company’s strategy of developing low cost, high margin 
projects.

Management Team
Name

Age

Designation

Qualification

Experience

Casper Strydom

54

General Manager National Higher Diploma 

36 years of mining-related experience

Metalliferous Mining 
Mine Manager’s Certificate

Jonathan Irons

46

Manager: 
Metallurgy

National Higher Diploma 
Extractive Metallurgy

25 years of metallurgy- 
related experience

Programme for Management 
Development (GIBS – 
University of Pretoria)

Competence levels include refractory 
gold extraction technologies – 
(roasting and hydrobiological)

Government Certificate of Competency

24 years of engineering- 
related experience

Richard Kunneman

51

Engineering 
Manager

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

75

Barberton Tailings Retreatment Plant
Continued

The Construction

Plant Construction

Progress

July

August

September October November December

January

February

March

April

May

June

2012

2013

Contract Approval

Complete

Process Design

Complete

Drawings and 
Design

Complete

Ground Breaking 
Ceremony

Complete

Bulk Earthworks

Complete

Civil Construction

In Progress

Mechanical/ 
Structural/E&I 
Construction

Commissioning

Major Infrastructure

In Progress

To 
Commence

Water Reticulation

In Progress

Electrical 
Reticulation (Eskom)

In Progress

Environmental Impact Assessment

EIA

In Progress

Water Use Licence 
Amendment

In Progress

Tailings Storage Facility

Design

In Progress

Construction

To 
Commence

76

BTRP Life of Mine (‘LOM’)

The  table  below  outlines  the  sources  of  material  that  will 
constitute the tonnage profile for the LOM plan for the BTRP.

Slimes Dump

Tonnes Grade (g/t) Ounces (oz)

Slimes Dump

Tonnes Grade (g/t) Ounces (oz)

Bramber Low Grade

2,369,655

Bramber High Grade

758,496

Harper South

Harper North

1,082,970

2,693,250

0.5

1.59

0.66

0.24

 37,933 

Bramber Low Grade

 2,369,655 

 38,769 

Bramber High Grade

 758,496 

 22,807 

Harper South

 21,093 

Harper North

Barberton	Tailings	Retreatment	Project	as	per	the	LOM	2013.	NB:	Segalla	Calcine	
Project	was	not	included	for	the	LOM	Plan	2013,	advanced	metallurgical	testing	in	
progress.

Segalla Calcine

Total

0.5

1.59

0.66

0.24

1.08

0.57

 37,933 

 38,769 

 22,807 

 21,093 

10,096

130,701

 1,082,970 

 2,693,250 

290,000

7,194,000

Tailings Material available for BTRP

Available Feedstock – Slimes Dumps

Tailings	material	available	for	BTRP	(including	Segalla	Calcine	Project).

z
o

45,000

40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

Bramber Low Grade

 Bramber High Grade

Harper South

Harper North

Segalla Calcine

                Ounces

37,933

Tonnage

2,369,655

38,769

758,496

22,807

1,082,970

21,093

2,693,250

10,096

290,000

LOM – Treatment Schedule

30,000

25,000

20,000

z
o

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

Tonnes
3,000,000

2,500,000

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

500,000

0

Tonnes

1,400,000

1,200,000

1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

0

12 months
ended
2014

12 months
ended
2015

12 months
ended
2016

12 months
ended
2017

12 months
ended
2018

12 months
ended
2019

12 months
ended
2020

12 months
ended
2021

12 months
ended
2022

12 months
ended
2023

12 months
ended
2024

Ounces

24,993

24,993

26,715

28,155

17,887

18,242

10,480

4,347

4,347

4,347

4,347

Total Tailings Tonnage

1,200,000

1,200,000

1,200,000

1,200,000

1,200,000

1,200,000

963,000

180,000

180,000

180,000

180,000

Attributed	ounces	towards	LOM	Plan	2013,	(Segalla	Calcine	9,768oz	excl.	in	Business	Plan	2013,	metallurgical	studies	in	progress).

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

77

Mineral Resources Management (General)

MRM Approach
Pan African’s MRM philosophy is that a detailed understanding of 
the orebody undoubtedly contributes to its optimal extraction. 
From  this  standpoint,  it  is  clear  that  the  ‘Orebody  Dictates’ 
through  its  various  characteristics. Within  the  accepted  MRM 
Framework, Geological, Survey and Mine Planning functions on 
the operations are focused toward maximising the value of the 
residing orebodies.

Strategy
The key operational focus is to integrate all intellectual capital and 
technical data in order to enhance the Mineral Resource confidence 
and volume which should ultimately result in an improved LOM. 
The  MRM  framework  developed  and  implemented  hinges 
on  integrated  areas  of  responsibility  necessitating  a  common 
approach and leading to a team-based interaction.

In  addition  to  this  framework,  the  Group  uses  a  Mineral 
Resource  Optimiser  system. The  system  is  a  computer-based 
tool developed to analyse and subsequently assist in optimising 
the  mining  of  the  resource  in  such  a  way  that  long-term 
financial returns are maximised. The optimiser utilises alternative 
methodology  to  existing  pay  limit  methodology  and  offers  a 
number of advantages, namely:
•   the unique statistical properties of the specific orebody are 

taken into account;

•  it eliminates the need for adjustments and unpay mining;
•   it  allows  for  a  scientific  basis  to  determine  the  grade  to 

operate at and maximise operational returns;

•   it  provides  tools  to  manage  the  mining  mix  and  prevents 
high  grading  or  sterilisation  of  resource  blocks  –  optimising 
resource extractions and LOM; and

•   it  further  allows  for  better  planning  with  respect  to 

development of mineral Resource blocks.

During  the  2013  financial  year,  Pan  African  will  continue  its 
drive  towards  MRM  excellence  through  improving  geological 
understanding,  data  recording  quality  and  concentrating  on 
ensuring sustainability though appropriately focused exploration 
targets.

For  the  purpose  of  this  report,  financial  units  used  on  the 
operations are not converted to £. For certain calculations $/oz 
was converted to ZAR/kg for the use on the operations.

Outlook
The management team’s intention for the 2013 financial year will 
be to facilitate a smooth transition of the proposed acquisition, 
especially with regards to technical services like geology, Mineral 
Resource Management, and integration of other orebody-related 
matters between operations. The team will continue to consider 
additional growth opportunities in the platinum sector.

Mineral Reporting Code
Pan African Resources defines its Mineral Resources and Mineral 
Reserves  in  line  with  the  SAMREC  Code  and  its  definitions. 
See  relevant  Competent  Persons’  Statements  under  the 
various sections.

Mineral Resource and Reserve Classification Structure is Applied by the Group as Outlined Below:

(reported as in situ mineral estimates)

78

Mineral Resource Definitions 
(According to SAMREC Code)
Inferred Mineral Resource:
Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for 
which tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with 
a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence 
and sampling, and assumed, but not verified geologically and/or 
through  analysis  of  grade  continuity.  It  is  based  on  information 
gathered  through  appropriate  techniques  from  locations  such 
as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that may be 
limited or even of uncertain quality and reliability.

Probable Mineral Reserve:
Probable Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable material 
derived from a Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource. It 
is estimated with a lower level of confidence than a proved ore 
reserve. It includes diluting and contaminating materials and allows 
for losses that are expected to occur when the material is mined. 
Appropriate assessments to a minimum of a pre-feasibility study 
for a project or a Life of Mine plan for an operation must have 
been carried out, including consideration of and modification by 
realistically  assumed  mining,  metallurgical,  economic,  marketing, 
legal,  environmental,  social  and  governmental  factors.  Such 
modifying factors must be disclosed.

Indicated Mineral Resource:
Indicated  Mineral  Resource  is  that  part  of  a  Mineral  Resource 
for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade 
and mineral content can be estimated with a reasonable level of 
confidence. It is based on exploration, sampling and the testing 
of  information  gathered  through  appropriate  techniques  from 
locations  such  as  outcrops,  trenches,  pits,  workings  and  drill 
holes. The locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to 
confirm geological and/or grade continuity, but are spaced closely 
enough for continuity to be assumed.

Measured Mineral Resource:
Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource 
for  which  tonnage,  densities,  shape,  physical  characteristics, 
grade  and  mineral  content  can  be  estimated  with  a  high  level 
of  confidence.  It  is  based  on  detailed  and  reliable  exploration, 
sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate 
techniques  from  locations  such  as  outcrops,  trenches,  pits, 
workings and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough 
to confirm geological and grade continuity.

Mineral Reserve definitions

A  Mineral  Reserve  is  the  economically  mineable  material 
derived from a Measured and/or Indicated Resource. It includes 
diluting  and  contaminating  materials  and  allows  for  losses  that 
are expected to occur when the material is mined. Appropriate 
assessments to a minimum of a pre-feasibility study for a project 
or a Life of Mine plan for an operation must have been carried 
out,  including  consideration  of  and  modification  by  realistically 
assumed  mining,  metallurgical,  economic,  marketing, 
legal, 
environmental,  social  and  governmental  factors  (the  modifying 
factors). Such modifying factors must be disclosed.

Proved Mineral Reserve:
Proved  Mineral  Reserve  is  the  economically  mineable  material 
derived  from  a  Measured  Resource.  It  is  estimated  with  a 
high  level  of  confidence.  It  includes  diluting  and  contaminating 
materials and allows for losses that are expected to occur when 
the material is mined. Appropriate assessments to a minimum of 
a pre-feasibility study for a project or a Life of Mine plan for an 
operation  must  have  been  carried  out,  including  consideration 
of and modification by realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, 
economic,  marketing, 
and 
governmental factors. Such modifying factors must be disclosed.

legal,  environmental, 

social 

Group Consolidated and 
Other Mineral Resource and 
Mineral Reserve Estimates

For ease of reference, the detailed Mineral Resource and Mineral 
Reserve  Estimates  for  each  operation  can  be  found  under 
the  Operational  Review  –  Mineral  Resource  Section  above  
(ie Barberton Mines and Phoenix Platinum).

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

79

Mineral Resources Management (General) 
Continued

Please find below the Consolidated Mineral Reserve and Mineral Reserve Estimates for the Group (both including and excluding the 
Manica Project Estimate) as well as the Mineral Resource and Reserve Estimates of Manica (unchanged since 2011) and Evander Gold 
Mines (as stated by Harmony, 2012).

Consolidated Mineral Resource and Reserve Estimate for the Group as at 30 June 2012 – Barberton Mines (Excluding Manica)

 Mineral Resources

Mineral Reserves

Category

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total M&I

TOTAL 

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t) 

Contained
 Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

Category

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t)

Contained
Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

3.20

10.03

3.91

13.23

17.15

8.18

3.87

6.82

4.91

5.35

 842 

 26.193 

 Proved 

 1,247 

 38.799 

 Probable 

1.57

9.77

7.49

2.49

 377 

 783 

 11.731

 24.342

860

 2,090 

 2,950

26.700

65.000

Please note due to rounding some errors may occur.

91.700

TOTAL P&P 

11.34

3.18

 1,160 

36.070

Consolidated Mineral Resource and Reserve Estimate as at 30 June 2012 – Barberton Mines (Including Manica)

 Mineral Resources

Mineral Reserves

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t) 

Contained
 Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

Category

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t)

Contained
Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

14.76

23.02

29.91

37.78

67.70

3.13

2.68

2.51

2.86

2.70

 1,482 

 1,987 

 2,417 

 3,470 

 5,887 

46.17

61.72

75.01

107.89

 Proved 

 Probable 

1.57

9.77

7.49

2.49

 377 

 783 

 11.731

 24.342

Please note due to rounding some errors may occur.

182.90

TOTAL P&P 

11.34

3.18

 1,160 

36.070

Category

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total M&I

TOTAL 

Mineral Resource Estimate for Manica as at 30 June 2012  
(Unchanged from 2011 financial year)

 Mineral Resources

Category

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t) 

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total M&I

TOTAL 

11.56

12.99

26.00

24.55

50.55

1.73

1.76

1.90

1.75

1.82

Contained
 Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

 640 

 19.980

 740 

 22.920

 1,590 

 49.280

 1,380 

42.90

 2,970 

92.180

80

Mineral Resource and Reserve Estimate for the Group as at 30 June 2012 – including Pro Forma Impact of the Evander Mineral 
Resource and Mineral Reserves (excluding all surface sources at Evander Gold Mines)

 Mineral Resources

Mineral Reserves

Category

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total M&I

TOTAL 

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t) 

Contained
 Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

6.29

74.62

45.78

80.91

126.70

10.52

8.18

6.72

8.36

7.77

 2,132 

 19,627 

 9,897 

 21,760 

 31,657 

66.19

610.50

307.83

676.69

Category

 Proved 

 Probable 

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t)

Contained
Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

3.59

35.96

7.32

6.90

 847 

 7,973 

26.23

248.14

Please note due to rounding some errors may occur.

984.52

TOTAL P&P 

39.55

6.94

 8,820 

274.37

Consolidated Platinum Projects Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimate for the Group as at 30 June 2012

 Mineral Resources

Mineral Reserves

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t) 

Contained
 Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

Category

Tonnes (Mt)

Grade (g/t)

Contained
Au (koz)

Contained
Au (kt)

3.22

0.83

0.80

4.05

4.85

3.09

3.25

3.33

3.12

3.16

321.00

86.00

86.00

407.00

 493.00 

9.98

2.68

2.67

 12.656

 Proved 

 Probable 

3.22

0.83

7.18

3.59

144.32

38.80

4.49

1.21

Please note due to rounding some errors may occur.

 15.328  TOTAL P&P 

4.05

1.41

 184 

5.70

Category

Measured

Indicated

Inferred

Total M&I

TOTAL 

New Business
Strategy
The New Business Development and Growth strategy for the 
financial year under review had two primary goals, both of which 
were executed with success during the period.

These two goals were in line with the two-tier strategy adopted 
in the previous financial year, namely to grow internally and to 
identify an acquisitive gold opportunity in South Africa that fits 
into  the  Company’s  growth  criteria  of  low  cost,  high  margin 
assets, being close to or already producing, and with additional 
growth potential.

As  part  of  Pan  African’s  Barberton  Mines  internal  growth 
process, a feasibility study was completed for the BTRP Project. 
After an independent review, the Board approved capital for the 
project. Construction on site has commenced. Please refer to the 
relevant section for more details.

As  part  of  its  acquisitive  growth  strategy,  Evander  Gold  Mines 
was  identified  as  a  potential  target.  A  technical  due-diligence 
team  was  assembled  to  investigate  the  asset  and  a  positive 
recommendation  to  the  Investment  Committee  and  Board 
of  Directors  was  made  to  pursue  the  acquisition  opportunity 
which  resulted  in  the  Company  making  an  offer  to  Harmony 
that was accepted in May 2012. It is believed that the asset meets 
all  of  Pan African’s  Business  Model  philosophies  based  on  the 
following four guiding pillars:

Profitability:  Evander  Gold  Mine’s  Operating  Shaft,  Evander  8 
Shaft, generated production profit, as published by Harmony, for 
the full year ended 30 June 2012 of £52 million, before tax and 
other charges.

Sustainability:  Evander  8  Shaft  has  a  Life  of  Mine  of  at  least 
15  years  (Reserves  of  1.19Moz  Au),  maintaining  a  recovered 
grade of 7.0g/t average over the 15 years.

Stakeholder Value: The acquisition of the Evander Gold Mines 
would benefit all Stakeholders through Pan African’s involvement 
in the local communities and applying its business philosophies 
through best practises across its operations.

Growth: The proposed acquisition would almost double the gold 
production output base of Pan African Resources, and increase 
its Resource and Reserve base significantly. Evander Gold Mines 
does  have  a  pipeline  of  attractive  projects  that  most  certainly 
could contribute to further growth in Pan African Resources.

Focus for the 2013 financial year will be to facilitate a smooth 
transition of the proposed acquisition, especially with regards to 
technical  services  like  geology,  Mineral  Resource  Management, 
and  integration  of  other  orebody-related  matters  between 
operations  while  other  growth  opportunities  will  still  be 
considered, especially on the platinum side.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

81

Regulatory and Statutory

Board of Directors

GAP Analysis

Risk Management

KPIs

Audit Committee Report

Remuneration Report

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

83

Corporate Governance

Statement of Compliance
Pan African Resources strives to comply with the UK Companies 
Act, the King Code of Governance for South Africa, 2009 (‘King 
III’)  and  the  JSE  Listings  Requirements  and AIM  rules  as  far  as 
possible for an organisation of this size.

Significant Changes Regarding 
Size, Structure or Ownership
No significant changes occurred during the period under review.

The  Board  of  Directors  ensures  that  the  business  of  the 
enterprise  is  conducted  with  integrity  and  in  accordance  with 
the highest standards of corporate governance practice.

Board of Directors
Purpose and Function

The  Board  embraces  best  practice  principles  based  on  the 
understanding that sound governance practices are fundamental 
to  earning  the  trust  of  our  stakeholders.  This  is  critical  to 
sustaining the Group’s success and preserving shareholder value.

Sponsor
One  Capital  is,  in  accordance  with  the  Listings  Requirements 
of  the  JSE,  the  Company’s  appointed  Sponsor.  One  Capital 
is  therefore  responsible  to  ensure  that  the  Company  is  at  all 
times  guided  and  advised  as  to  the  application  of  the  Listings 
Requirements of the JSE.

Nominated Adviser and Joint 
Brokers - United Kingdom
Canacord  Genuity  Limited  was  appointed  as  the  Company’s 
Nominated Adviser (NOMAD) and Joint Broker together with 
finnCap Limited on 5 April 2012. The duty of NOMAD and Joint 
Broker  is  to  advise  the  Group  on  compliance  concerning  the 
AIM Rules and continuing obligations as an AIM quoted company.

Restrictions on Share Dealings
All  Directors  and  employees  are  prohibited  from  dealing  in 
shares  during  any  period  in  which  price  sensitive  information 
is  available.  The  CEO  distributes  memoranda  informing  the 
affected parties of these periods. Should a senior employee or 
Director  wish  to  trade  Pan  African  Resources  shares,  written 
permission  must  be  granted  from  either  the  Chief  Executive 
Officer or Financial Director.

Interim Results
Currently external auditors do not review interim results.

The  Board  recognises  that  good  governance  is  essential  to 
protect  the  interests  of  all  stakeholders.  Business  is  conducted 
in  accordance  with  the  principles  of  openness,  integrity  and 
accountability. The  Board’s  purpose  is  to  ensure  that  it  retains 
full  and  effective  control  over  the  Company  which  it  directs 
and controls by ensuring that management is guided by established 
goals  and  strategies.  The  Board  is  committed  to  applying 
and  enforcing  appropriate  corporate  governance  principles 
and  maintaining  oversight  and  monitoring  of  performance 
and  ensuring  that  shareholder  interests  are  a  priority  at  all 
times. The  Board  is  currently  in  a  process  of  determining  the 
gaps and ensuring that the Company implements processes to 
comply with the requirements of King III.

Except or as disclosed, Pan African Resources is not aware of any 
Director, or of the families of any Directors, having any interest, 
direct or indirect, in any transaction during the last financial year 
or  in  any  proposed  transaction  with  any  company  in  the  Pan 
African  Resources  Group,  which  has  affected  or  will  materially 
affect  Pan  African  Resources  or  its  investment  interest  or 
subsidiaries.

Board Composition

Pan  African  Resources  has  a  Board  of  seven  Directors. The 
Chairman is an Independent Non-Executive Director, a further 
four  are  Non-Executive  Directors  and  two  are  Executive 
Directors. The Group Board composition has been considered 
to ensure that there is a clear balance of power and authority at 
Board level, ensuring that no individual has unfettered powers of 
decision-making.

Access to Management and 
Independent Advice

Board  members  have  access  to  the  executive  management 
of the Company at all times. All Board members are entitled to 
seek  independent  third-party  expert  advice,  when  considered 
necessary.  From  time  to  time,  members  of  the  executive 
management are requested to attend Board meetings to present 
projects or updates.

84

Delegation of Authority

The Board has formed various committees to enable Directors 
to  excel  in  areas  of  experience.  In  doing  so,  the  Board  as  a 
whole has delegated authority in certain areas to relevant sub-
committees  and  Directors  who  report  back  to  the  Board  on 
a  regular  basis.  Despite  this  delegation  of  authority,  the  entire 
Board remains responsible for the performance of its duties.

Board Self-Assessment

The  Chairman  is  Keith  Spencer  who  is  an  Independent  Non-
Executive Director, as required by the JSE. The Chief Executive 
Officer is Jan Nelson who is also an Executive Director.

Board Changes and Composition

According to the Articles of Association, the Board may consist 
of  not  less  than  four  and  not  more  than  eight  members.  At 
the end of the financial year under review, the Board consisted 
of seven members.

The  Board  performs  a  self-assessment  on  an  annual  basis 
to  ensure  it  has  the  requisite  skills  and  experience  to  fulfil  its 
duties.  Any  weaknesses  or  inadequacies  are  addressed  in  a 
timely manner. In addition to this, each committee is reviewed 
quarterly. Corrective measures are effected immediately should 
they  be  needed  from  time  to  time.  During  the  period  under 
review,  these  quarterly  checks  culminated  in  the  appointment 
of an additional Director with skills to supplement those of the 
current members of the Audit Committee.

Resignations
Rowan Smith resigned on 20 July 2011.
Cyril Ramaphosa resigned on 14 December 2011.

Appointments
Phuti Mahanyele was appointed on 20 July 2011.
Busi Sitole was appointed on 14 December 2011.
Hester Hickey was appointed on 12 April 2012.

External Advisers

No external advisers regularly attend Board or other committee 
meetings.

Chairman and Chief 
Executive Officer
The roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer are held by two 
different  people  and  are  separate  and  distinct. The  offices  of  the 
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are also separate. 
There is at all times a clearly defined division of responsibilities in 
both offices to ensure a balance of authority and power.

Rotation of Directors
In  accordance  with  the  Company’s  Articles  of  Association, 
a  Director  appointed  since  the  last  AGM  is  required  to  be  
re-elected at the next AGM of the Company. In addition, the Articles 
of Association  require  that  one-third  of  the  Directors  or  if  their 
number is not a multiple of three, then the number nearest to but 
not less than one-third, retire from office. Accordingly, Busi Sitole and 
Hester Hickey, having been appointed since the last AGM, will retire 
and offer themselves for re-election at the forthcoming AGM, and 
Jan Nelson, Cobus Loots and Rob Still will retire by rotation and 
offer themselves for re-election at the forthcoming AGM.

Succession Plan
The  Nominations  Committee,  which  functions  as  a  sub-
committee  of  the  Board,  is  tasked  with  ensuring  succession 
planning for both executive and non-executive Board positions.

Attendance at Board Meetings

During the year under review, the Board of Pan African Resources held at least one Board meeting per quarter as required by the 
Articles of Association. Meeting dates and attendance are set out below:

11 Aug
 2011

14 Nov
2011

3 Jan 
2012

17 Jan 
2012

6 March
 2012

30 March
 2012

26 April
 2012

8 May 
2012

14 June
2012

√
√
–
√
√
√
*

√
√
–
√
–
√
*

√
√
–
–
–
√
√

√
√
–
√
√
√
√

√
√
–
√
√
√
√

√
√
*
√
√
√
√

√
√
√
√
–
√
√

√
√
√
√
√
√
√ 

√
√
√
√
√
√
√

Name

Keith Spencer
Jan Nelson
Hester Hickey
Cobus Loots
Phuti Mahanyele
Rob Still
Busi Sitole 

√	 Attended
–	 Not	attended

*	 Not	a	Board	member	but	attended	as	an	invitee

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

85

Corporate Governance 
Continued

Induction and Development

New Board members are evaluated and an induction process is 
tailored to introduce them to the organisation in an appropriate 
manner.  Existing  Board  members  are  available  at  all  times  to 
ensure that there is a smooth induction of new Board members. 
Where Board members require additional training, the Company 
makes resources available.

Board Committees

The Board has instituted sub-committees to allow the Directors 
best suited in terms of skills and experience to manage various 
areas of responsibility. The formation of these committees does 
not in any way absolve the Board of its overall responsibility to 
the shareholders and the Company and, as such, each committee 
is required to report back to the Board at each Board meeting.

The  Executive  Directors  and  senior  management  review  both 
the mining operations and the exploration projects on a formal 
basis  each  month. This  includes  a  detailed  review  of  technical 
and  financial  parameters,  as  well  as  capital  requirements  and 
expenditure. All parameters are measured against the strategic 
plans,  and  any  variations  are  discussed  and  action  plans  put 
in  place  to  rectify  such  deviations.  Investment  and  technical 
decisions form part of the Board’s responsibilities.

86

Committee Directors

Appointed

Meetings
Attended

Responsibilities

Activities during the 
period under review

Audit

Hester Hickey 
(Chairman)

12 April 2012 22 June 2012

•   Overseeing integrated 

•   The Audit Committee has 

21 September 
2012

5 September 
2011
14 February 
2012
22 June 2012
21 September 
2012

Rob Still 
(Independent)

18 August 
2008

Cobus Loots 6 March 2012 21 September 

2012

reporting process and, in 
particular, has regard to all 
factors and risks that may 
impact on the integrity 
of the integrated report.
•   Ensuring that a combined 

assurance model is 
applied to provide a 
coordinated approach to 
all assurance activities.
•   Overseeing the internal 
audit function, and in 
particular responsible 
for the appointment, 
performance assessment 
and/or dismissal thereof.
•   Reviewing the expertise, 

resources and experience 
of the Company’s finance 
function and the suitability 
of the expertise and 
experience of the Financial 
Director every year.
•   Forming an integral 

component of the risk 
management process 
and specifically oversees 
financial reporting risks; 
internal financial controls; 
and fraud risks as it relates 
to financial reporting.
•   Recommending the 

appointment of the external 
auditor and oversees the 
external audit process.

reviewed the expertise and 
experience of the Financial 
Director, and her expertise 
and experience are considered 
appropriate for her position.

•   All non-audit services 

rendered by the Group’s 
external auditors during 
the year were approved.
•   As part of its functions, the 
Audit Committee regularly 
reviews work performed by 
the internal auditors on the 
Group’s systems on internal  
control, and also requires 
reports from management on 
the effectiveness of controls. 
Where appropriate, executive 
management’s performance 
evaluations and measures 
include requirements relating 
to the improvement of internal 
controls. No weaknesses 
in financial control that 
are considered material 
and that resulted in actual 
material financial loss, fraud 
or material errors during 
the year were identified by 
the Audit Committee.

•   The Audit Committee believes 
the current financial control 
environment is adequate.
•   The Audit Committee has 
satisfied itself of the auditor 
being independent of the 
Group, the appropriateness 
of the financial statements 
and the strength of the 
internal financial controls 
of the Group. The Audit 
Committee considers factors 
such as fees for non-audit 
services performed, the 
relative size of the Pan 
African Resources audit 
fee in relation to total fees 
received, as well as personal 
and other relationships, when 
assessing the independence 
of the external auditors.
•   The Audit Committee 

believes that it has complied 
with its legal, regulatory 
or other responsibilities.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

87

Corporate Governance 
Continued

Committee Directors

Appointed

Remune-
ration 

Phuti 
Mahanyele 
(Chairman)

20 July 2011

Meetings
Attended

28 February 
2012

15 June 2012

Rob Still

9 September 
2004

28 February 
2012

15 June 2012

Nominations  Keith Spencer 

(Chairman)

20 October 
2009

14 December 
2011

6 March 2012

Rob Still

20 October 
2009

14 December 
2011

Phuti 
Mahanyele

6 March 2012

6 March 2012 14 December 

2011

6 March 2012

Activities during the 
period under review

•   The committee met twice 

during the year under review 
and adopted a Remuneration 
Policy that facilitates 
the delivery of superior 
long-term results for the 
business and shareholders 
and promotes sound risk 
management principles.
•   Furthermore, it supports 
the attraction, retention, 
motivation and alignment 
of the talent we need to 
achieve our business goals.

•   We have become 
a member of the 
PricewaterhouseCoopers 
Remchannel Survey during 
the period under review 
with a view to having 
access to an authoritative 
benchmark in determining 
remuneration of individuals.

•   The committee met twice 
during the year. At these 
meetings it reviewed the 
composition of the main 
Board, in particular the 
positions of the Chairman, 
the Deputy Chairman, 
Financial Director and the 
position of an additional 
Independent Director.

•   The committee also reviewed 
and made changes to the 
Board sub-committees.

Responsibilities

•   Reviewing the performance 
of the Executive Directors, 
employees and executive 
management.

•   Determining remuneration 
and the basis of the service 
agreements with due 
regard to the interests 
of shareholders.

•   Determining the payment 

of any bonuses to Executive 
Directors and the granting 
of options to employees, 
including Executive Directors, 
under the Company’s 
share option scheme.

•   Determining the required 
capabilities of Director 
nominees for election 
to the Board.

•   Identifying and recommending 
candidates to fill vacancies 
occurring between 
shareholder meetings.
•   Reviewing, evaluating and 
recommending changes to 
the Company’s Corporate 
Governance guidelines.
•   Reviewing the Company’s 

policies and programmes that 
relate to matters of corporate 
citizenship, including public 
issues of significance to the 
Company and its stakeholders.

88

Committee Directors

Appointed

Meetings
Attended

Safety,  
Health, 
Environment 
and 
Community 
(SHEC)

Keith Spencer 
(Chairman)

12 October 
2009

11 August 
2011

15 November 
2011

12 June 2012

Jan Nelson

12 October 
2009

11 August 
2011

Ron Holding  12 October 

2009

15 November 
2011

12 June 2012

11 August 
2011

15 November 
2011

12 June 2012

Thandeka 
Ncube

6 March 2012 12 June 2012

Hester Hickey 12 April 2012 12 June 2012

Responsibilities

•   Establishing a safety, 

health, environment and 
community policy framework 
for the Company.

•   Strategically reviewing the 
safety performance of all 
operations compared to 
the policy framework.
•   Implementing corrective 

measures when necessary 
to achieve the objectives 
of the policy framework.
•   Establishing a Social and 

Ethics Committee as a sub-
committee of SHEC that 
will perform the functions 
required on behalf of the 
Company and its subsidiaries.

Activities during the 
period under review

•   The committee met three 
times in the year. 11 August 
2011, 15 November 2011 
and 12 June 2012.
•   During each occasion 

detailed debate was held 
on all serious accidents.
•   The circumstances around 

the fatal accident of 
Mr Christopher Hlela and 
the subsequent DMR report 
in terms of Section 72 of 
the Mine Health and Safety 
Act, No 29 of 1996 was 
dealt with in great detail.
•   The General Manager at 
BML was requested to 
attend two of the meetings.
•   The committee approved the 
commencement of Phase 2 
of the building of the Sinqobile 
School during the year.
•   The SHEC Committee 

believes that it has complied 
with its legal, regulatory 
or other responsibilities.

Internal Audit

The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing internal audit 
in the Pan African Group. Currently the internal audit function 
within  Pan African  Resources  is  currently  outsourced  to  BDO 
South Africa. The primary goals of internal audit are to evaluate 
the  Group’s  risk  management,  internal  control  and  corporate 
governance  processes  and  ensure  that  they  are  adequate  and 
are functioning correctly.

The Audit  Committee  ensures  that  the  internal  audit  function 
is  an  independent  and  objective  assurance  and  consulting 
activity  that  is  guided  by  a  philosophy  of  adding  value,  as  well 
as  safeguarding  and  improving  the  operations  of  the  Group. 
The  internal  auditors  report  directly  to  the  Chairman  of  the 
Audit  Committee,  and  at  all  times  have  access  to  Pan African 
Resources Directors.

An  internal  audit  programme  is  determined  and  approved 
annually  by  the  Audit  Committee  which  defines  the  reviews 
to  be  undertaken  during  each  financial  year  and  focuses  on 

the  adequacy  and  effectiveness  of  systems  of  internal  control 
and risk management.

The internal audit coverage plan is considered to be ‘risk based’ 
as  it  focuses  on  those  areas  of  the  business  that  are  deemed 
to present the greatest risk to the business in terms of financial 
loss,  loss  of  other  assets,  misstatement  or  lack/circumvention 
of internal controls. In line with integrated assurance principles, 
the internal audit plan also takes into consideration the assurance 
provided  by  other  activities  within  the  organisation,  thereby 
seeking to eliminate any duplication of assurance efforts.

As a part of the annual reporting of the Internal Audit Function, 
a written assessment of the effectiveness of the Group’s system 
of  internal  controls  and  risk  management,  including  internal 
financial  controls,  is  provided  to  the Audit  Committee  that  is 
based  on  the  areas  reviewed. This  assessment  forms  part  of 
the  Audit  Committee’s  recommendation  to  the  Board  and 
determines whether adequate and appropriate internal controls 
are  in  place  over  operational  and  financial  processes,  that 

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

89

Corporate Governance 
Continued

significant business, financial and other risks have been identified 
and are being suitably managed, and that satisfactory standards 
of  governance,  reporting  and  compliance  are  in  operation,  in 
order for the Board to report thereon.

The  internal  audit  plan  is  reviewed  and  updated  by  the Audit 
Committee  on  a  regular  basis  with  input  from  Executive 
Management and the external auditors.

Information Technology Governance

The  majority  of  IT  services  and  support  in  the  Pan  African 
Group is outsourced, with service level agreements in place with 
regular  service  providers.  Barberton  Mines  selected  Microsoft 
Dynamics AX as the Enterprise Resource Planning (‘ERP’) system 
that would best suit its current system requirements. Microsoft 
Dynamics AX was successfully implemented during the financial 
year  under  review. The  Group’s  internal  auditors  performed  a 
data migration review to provide assurance on the correctness 
of  the  data  migrated  from  Pastel  to  Microsoft  Dynamics  AX, 
and  performed  a  full  post  implementation  review  after  year 
end. The Pan African Group will investigate the possible roll-out 
of  Microsoft  Dynamics AX  across  all  companies  in  the  Group 
during the next financial year.

Code of Conduct

On 1 November 2009, Pan African Resources committed to the 
following Code of Ethics:
“As leaders and employees of Pan African Resources, we hereby 
commit ourselves to the highest ethical conduct and agree to:
•   Respect the laws of the Republic of South Africa and of any 

other country in which we may operate or visit.

•   Live the principle of integrity in all our activities and refrain 
from any behaviour, overt and otherwise, that may damage 
the  organisation’s  image  and/or  performance  of  whatever 
nature.

•   Treat  our  employees  and  any  other  person  with  dignity, 
respect  and  in  a  just  manner  irrespective  of  race,  religion, 
gender, disability, age, nationality or any other characteristic.
•   Be  honest  in  all  our  dealings  and  undertake  to  distance 
ourselves  from  any  activity  that  has  the  potential  of  being 
regarded  as  inconsistent  with  what  is  expected  of  a 
responsible company and individual.

•   Avoid any potential conflict of interest and when it may exist, 

disclose it to affected parties without any delay.

•   Reject any form of bribery and act upon any non-compliance 

as strongly as possible.

•   Accept full responsibility and ultimate accountability when we 
make decisions that may impact on the health and safety of 
our  employees  and  the  communities  in  which  we  operate, 
and take full responsibility for the environment and the well-
being of the communities.

•   Assist  in  developing  our  colleagues  and  teams  to  become 
worthy team players and responsible South African citizens.”

Bribery and Corruption Policy

The  Board  has  introduced  a  Bribery  and  Corruption  Policy. 
The  Board  has  adopted  a  zero-tolerance  approach  to  bribery 
and corruption and will uphold all laws relevant to countering 
bribery  and  corruption  in  all  jurisdictions  in  which  the  Group 
operates. This policy has been communicated to all employees 
and contractors.

Company Secretary

St  James’s  Corporate  Services  Limited  has  been  the  Group’s 
Company Secretary since 8 July 2008. All Directors have access 
to  the  advice  and  services  of  the  Company  Secretary  who  is 
responsible  to  the  Board  for  ensuring  compliance  procedures 
and regulations of a statutory nature. Furthermore, all Directors 
are entitled to seek independent professional advice concerning 
the  affairs  of  the  Group,  at  the  Company’s  expense,  should 
they believe that course of action would be in the best interest 
of the Group.

The Company Secretary, in conjunction with the Company’s legal 
advisers, is responsible for drawing the attention of the Directors 
to  their  legal  duties  and,  in  collaboration  with  the  Company’s 
NOMAD,  is  responsible  for  ensuring  that  new  Directors  are 
effectively informed in terms of their duties and responsibilities.

The Company Secretary, together with the Company’s investor 
relations  representatives,  provides  a  direct  communication  link 
with  investors  and  liaises  with  the  Company’s  share  registrars 
on  all  issues  affecting  shareholders.  The  Company  Secretary 
maintains the statutory books of the Company and also provides 
mandatory  information  required  by  various  regulatory  bodies 
and stock exchanges on which the Company is listed.

90

Board of Directors

Executive Directors

Jan Nelson (42)
Chief	Executive	Officer
Appointment	date:	1	September	2005
Qualifications:	BSc	(Hons)
Committees:	SHEC

After  obtaining  his  Honours  degree  in  Geology,  Jan  embarked 
on  a  career  in  gold  exploration  and  mining  in  South  Africa, 
Zimbabwe  and  Tanzania.  He  has  over  15  years’  experience 
and,  within  this  period,  held  positions  in  mine  management 
and  operations  with  Harmony  Gold  Mining  Company  Limited, 
Hunter Dickenson and Gold Fields Limited. Jan was instrumental 
in  transforming  Pan  African  Resources  from  an  exploration 
company to a gold mining company. He was the driver behind 
the  acquisitions  of  Barberton  Mines  and  Phoenix  Platinum 
and  currently  the  Evander  Gold  Mines  acquisition  which  will 
add further production gold ounces revenue to the Company. 
He  surrounds  himself  with  a  competent  mining  team  that 
is  well  positioned  to  build  the  Company  to  a  mid-tier  gold 
producer.

Busi Sitole (36)
Financial	Director
Appointment	date:	14	December	2011
Qualifications:	BCom	(Hons),	CA(SA)

Busi  joined  Pan African  Resources  in April  2011  as  a  Finance 
Executive  and  was  appointed  as  the  Financial  Director  in 
December  2011.  She  is  a  Chartered  Accountant  with  a 
BCom  degree  from  the  University  of  Cape Town  and  BCom 
Honours from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. She joined the 
Shanduka Group in December 2007 as a transactor responsible 
for  sourcing,  executing  as  well  as  including  capital  raising  and 
monitoring the company’s investments. She also sat on several 
boards  of  the  company’s  investee  companies.  Prior  to  joining 
the  Shanduka  Group,  she  was  a  Financial  Manager  at  RMB 
Treasury Agency Businesses, New Treasury Products Marketer at 
Absa Capital and Finance Manager at Standard Bank Structured 
Finance, where she also completed her three years of articles as 
a trainee accountant.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

91

Board of Directors 
Continued

Rob Still (57)
Independent	Non-Executive	Director
Appointment	date:	9	September	2004
Qualifications:	BCom	(Hons),	CTA
Committees:	Audit,	Remuneration,	Nominations

Rob has vast experience in mining, specialising in mining finance. 
He  started  his  career  as  a  chartered  accountant,  becoming  a 
partner of Ernst & Whinney before leaving in 1986 to co-found 
Rhombus Exploration Limited. Since then, he has been involved 
in  the  mining  industry  worldwide  and  has  held  Executive  and 
Non-Executive Directorships in companies listed in South Africa, 
Australia,  Canada  and  the  United  Kingdom.  He  has  also  been 
Chairman  to  Zimbabwe  Platinum  Mines  Limited  and  Metorex 
Limited. He has participated in the evaluation and development 
of several new mining projects including Rhovan, Ticor Titanium, 
Pangea  Gold  Fields  Limited,  Southern  Mining  Corporation 
Limited (Corridor Sands) and Zimbabwe Platinum Mines Limited.

Non-Executive Directors

Keith Spencer (62)
Independent	Non-Executive	Chairman
Appointment	date:	8	October	2007
Qualifications:	BSc	Eng	(Mining)
Committees:	SHEC	(Chairman),	Nominations	(Chairman)

Keith  is  a  qualified  mining  engineer  with  35  years  of  practical 
mining experience, and has managed some of the largest gold 
mines  in  the  world.  In  1984,  Keith  was  appointed  as  General 
Manager of Greenside Colliery and in 1986 he moved to Kloof 
Gold  Mine  as  General  Manager.  In  1989,  he  was  appointed 
as  consulting  engineer  for  Gold  Fields  of  South  Africa  to 
Doornfontein Gold Mine, Driefontein Consolidated Gold Mine, 
Greenside  Colliery  and  Tsumeb  Base  Metals  Mine.  He  also 
served  as  Managing  Director  of  Driefontein  Consolidated, 
Chairman and Managing Director of Deelkraal Gold Mine, and 
as a Board member of all gold mines belonging to Gold Fields 
of South Africa. In 1999, Keith joined Metorex Limited, first as a 
private consultant, and after two years as a permanent member 
of  the  executive,  managing  the  Wakefield  Coal  operations, 
O’Okiep Copper Company, Barberton Gold Mines and Metmin 
Manganese  Mine.  In  2001,  Keith  became  the  Operations 
Director for Metorex Limited. He was appointed as Chairman of 
the Board on 14 December 2011.

92

Phuti Mahanyele (41)
Non-Executive	Director	–	Deputy	Chairman
Appointment	date:	20	July	2011
Qualifications:	BA	Economics,	MBA
Committees:	Remuneration	(Chairperson),	Nominations

Cobus Loots (34)
Non-Executive	Director
Appointment	date:	14	December	2011
Qualifications:	CA(SA),	CFA®	Charterholder
Committees:	Audit

Cobus  is  a  principal  with  Shanduka  Resources  (Pty)  Limited. 
He  is  a  qualified  Chartered  Accountant  (SA)  and  a  CFA® 
Charterholder. He served articles with Deloitte & Touche, and 
was  an Audit  Manager  with  the  firm  before  leaving  to  pursue 
a  career  in  finance.  Cobus’  experience  includes  mining  specific 
acquisitions  and  finance,  as  well  as  the  management  of  both 
exploration and producing mineral assets.

Phuti is the CEO of Shanduka Group (Pty) Limited. She joined 
Shanduka in 2004 as the Managing Director of Shanduka Energy 
(Pty) Limited, a subsidiary company of the Shanduka Group, led 
by Cyril Ramaphosa. She was previously the Head of the Project 
Finance South Africa Unit at the Development Bank of Southern 
Africa. Prior to that, Phuti was Vice President at Fieldstone where 
she joined the firm in New York in 1997 and later transferred 
to  the  South African  office.  Phuti  holds  a  BA  Economics  from 
Rutgers University (State University of New Jersey, USA) and an 
MBA from De Montfort University in Leicester, United Kingdom. 
She completed the Kennedy School of Government Executive 
Education  Programme’s  Global  Leadership  and  Public  Policy 
for  the  21st  Century  at  Harvard  University  in  2008.  She  is  a 
member of the boards of a number of Shanduka Group investee 
companies. Phuti was appointed as the Deputy Chairperson on 
14 December 2011.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

93

Board of Directors
Continued

Hester Hickey (58)
Non-Executive	Director
Appointment	date:	12	April	2012
Qualifications:	BCompt,	BCom	(Hons),	CA(SA)
Committees:	Audit	(Chairperson),	SHEC

Hester  completed  her  articles  at  Fisher  Hoffman  Stride  and, 
after a period as partner of Ironside Greenwood, joined BDO 
Spencer  Stewart  in  1990  as  National  Technical  and  Training 
Manager. She joined Transnet in 1994 as Acting Head of Internal 
Audit,  in  order  to  implement  and  execute  a  transformation 
process  and  particularly,  to  transform  the  Internal  Audit 
Department  of Transnet  from  a  traditionally  focused  unit  to  a 
more modern risk-based function. In 1998, after a period with 
Ernst & Young and Liberty Life, Hester joined AngloGold Ashanti, 
initially as Group Internal Audit Manager and later as Executive 
Officer: Head of risk – a position she held until recently. Hester 
is  a  registered  Chartered  Accountant  and  previously  served 
as  Chairman  of  the  South  African  Institute  of  Chartered 
Accountants (SAICA). She currently performs board evaluations 
for the Institute of Directors.

94

GAP Analysis

The following matters have been identified as disclosure and Corporate Governance deficiencies within the Group when the principles 
of King III are applied.  The Group has done a lot to address the deficiencies identified in the previous financial year and will work hard 
in further implementing King III requirements in the next year. Work has commenced on the upgrading of the risk management process 
and we are in the process of introducing a formal Information Technology governance process.  The list below is not exhaustive, but 
deals with details currently considered as mandatory by King III.

King III Principle

Current Deficiency

Corrective Action Proposed

Principle 1.3 of King III

•   The report states that the Board is 

To be included in the next annual report. 

focused on Corporate Governance by 
focusing on King III compliance.  
However, the report does not provide 
information on assessment or 
monitoring of internal ethics 
performance. An internal Code of 
Ethics is disclosed, however, there are 
no statistics on performance against 
the Company’s internal Code of Ethics.

•   A recent evaluation of the Board and 
its committees has not been reported 
upon and there is no overview of this 
evaluation.

•   No final charter has been adopted for 
the Audit Committee, and terms of 
reference for the Internal Audit 
function remain outstanding.
•   The Audit Committee should 

comprise at least three members who 
are Independent Non-Executives with 
the Chairman being Independent 
Non-Executive.

The Board performs a self-assessment on 
an annual basis to ensure it has the 
requisite skills and experience to fulfil its 
duties.  Any weaknesses or inadequacies 
are addressed in a timely manner. 
In addition to this, each committee is 
reviewed quarterly and should corrective 
measures be needed from time to time, 
this is effected immediately.  This review 
resulted in a process to appoint a further 
Director with skills to supplement those 
of the current members of the Audit 
Committee.

The Company has started working on the 
charters for internal audit and the Audit 
Committee, as well as a formal terms of 
reference for the Audit Committee, which 
will be finalised and presented to the 
Board for approval in the next year and is 
to be included in the next annual report.
The Company is aware that the 
committee must comprise at least three 
Independent Non-Executives. To address 
the matter, the Company has appointed a 
new Independent Non-Executive Director 
who is also the Chairperson of the Audit 
Committee. The Audit Committee now 
comprises two Independent Non-
Executive Directors, however, the 
Chairman of the Company who is also an 
Independent Non-Executive Director is 
frequently invited to attend the Audit 
Committee meetings.

Principle 2.22 of King III

Principle 3.10 of King III

96

King III Principle

Current Deficiency

Corrective Action Proposed

Principle 9.3 of King III

•   No independent assurance has been 

performed on sustainability 
information.

An Assurance Readiness Plan will be 
developed, whereby the Group will start 
off by obtaining assurance on key 
sustainability indicators, and then extend 
the scope of assurance over time. 

Overall

•   There is no formal policy detailing the 
procedures for appointments to the 
Board.

•   There is no formal policy detailing the 

The Board applies rigorous criteria for 
the selection of new members.  A formal 
policy will, however, be adopted in 
the next year. 

procedures for how the Board 
composition has been considered to 
ensure that there is a clear balance of 
power and authority at Board level, 
such that no individual has unfettered 
powers of decision-making. 

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

97

Risk Management

No Risk 

Risk Comment

Mitigation Actions

1

Commodity price

2

Inflation

3

4

5

Underground 
mining flexibility

Reliance on vamping 
contractors

Integrating new 
acquisitions and 
construction of 
new plants

A fall in the gold price below our notional 
cost of production for any sustained period 
may lead to losses and require the Group 
to curtail or suspend certain operations.

The annual increase of cost of production 
could result in significant cost pressures 
for the mining industry. The Group’s profits 
and financial condition could be affected 
if the mining cost of inflation is not in line 
with the increase in the price of gold.

The Group’s operational results may be 
affected due to the reliance on high grade 
platforms at Barberton Mines’ Fairview 
Mine, which could affect the Group’s 
operational results and profitability 
should these platforms be stopped for 
safety incidents and lack of grades.

Barberton Mines relies on receiving 
approximately 20% of its yearly 
production from vamping contractors. 
This highlights the following risks:
•   Significant decrease in vamping 

tonnages would affect the financial 
performance of the Group.

•   The availability of old workable areas  
to be vamped could result in lower  
production levels.

•   A decrease in vamping grades from  
workable areas could result in lower  
production levels.

Difficulties or delays in integrating new 
acquisitions and construction of new plants 
could affect profitability of the Group.

6

Safety risks

Safety incidents could lead to the 
suspension and potential closure of 
operations for indeterminate periods.

In the event that the gold price falls to a 
level near to the operations notional cost 
of production then a review of all projects, 
capital expenditure and costs would be 
performed to focus on cash preservation.

The Group’s focus on cost management 
is to ensure that all costs are monitored 
and addressed in detail and that sufficient 
cash flows are available to address 
all stakeholder requirements.

Increase diamond drilling ahead of development 
to minimise stoppages of stopes.

Increase future capital expenditure on  
Fairview to ensure flexibility.

The Group will be diversifying its production 
risk in terms of doubling its production in the 
short term by acquiring Evander Gold Mines.

The management team review the 
performance of the vamping contractor daily.

The team re-evaluate the sweeping and vamping 
MRM inventories that are available for vamping 
contractors’ operations and the cost thereof.

Apply the MRM strategy to the vamping  
contractors’ operations.

The BTRP construction plan is monitored 
daily to ensure progress is on plan.

For new acquisitions, the management 
team will ensure that the Group has 
sufficient resources that also understand 
the new operation in all departments.

The Group ensures strict compliance with 
safety regulations and internal policies.

The Group also monitors and addresses 
all incidents to ensure that safety 
improvement occurs.

98

No Risk 

Risk Comment

Mitigation Actions

7

Sustainable community 
development

Non-compliance to community 
development can lead to the licence 
being revoked by the DMR and an 
uprising by surrounding communities.

8 Water use licences 
in South Africa

The majority of our South African operations 
are lawful users with existing water 
permits in terms of the Water Act of 1954. 
The Group’s operations have applied for 
water use licences in terms of the National 
Water Act, 1998. The Group’s operations 
have been issued water licences in respect 
of most of its shafts. Our water licence for 
Sheba Mines is still outstanding although 
we remain the legal historical users.

9

10

Compliance with 
Corporate Governance 
and public disclosure 
requirements

The Group is focused and committed to 
maintaining high standards of Corporate 
Governance and public disclosure in 
order to comply with the standards 
of both the JSE and the UKLA.

Potential liability 
for occupational 
health diseases

There may be claims in the future with regard 
to occupational health diseases which could 
lead to large legal fees being incurred.

11

Environmental  
regulations

12

HIV/AIDS

13

Labour

14

BIOX® Recoveries

Mining groups are subject to extensive 
environmental regulations and non-
compliance could result in potential 
closure of mining operations or delay 
in the construction of the Barberton 
Tailings Retreatment Project due to 
pending environmental requirements.

The incidence of HIV/AIDS in South 
Africa has a significant impact on 
communities with the loss of mining 
skills and experienced mine workers.

HIV/AIDS also results in loss of production 
and increased medical costs for employees.

The Group has two competing unions 
(ie NUM and AMCU) on its Barberton 
Mines’ operation. The effect of union 
rivalry could significantly impact production 
and the Group’s cost structure.

The Group’s profitability is highly sensitive 
due to downtime or fall in recoveries 
within the BIOX® Plant.

The Group reviews and addresses sustainable 
community development in line with the 
available cash flows and profitability of 
the operations. For projects that have been 
undertaken this year, refer to page 36.

The management team at Barberton Mines 
is liaising with the Department of Water 
Affairs as to the status of the water licence, 
and if there are any further requirements 
to perform to obtain the licence.

The Group has appointed a JSE sponsor and a 
UK NOMAD to ensure compliance with regards 
to Corporate Governance and public disclosure.

The Group ensures that safety is guaranteed 
at all times by providing employees with 
Personal Protective Equipment (‘PPE’). 
Safety regulations are well practiced 
throughout the operations and entrance 
and exit medical screenings take place.

The respective management 
teams of the operations ensure that they 
engage with an environmental specialist 
to ensure compliance with changes in 
regulations and compliance thereof.

Both Phoenix and Barberton Mines, on a 
regular basis, have HIV/AIDS campaigns 
to ensure awareness and promotion of 
healthy living. Barberton Mines also ensures 
that ARVs are available for employees 
who are infected with HIV/AIDS. This year 
approximately 70% of Barberton employees 
went for voluntary testing and counselling.

The Executive Committee and Board will 
perform a strategic workshop with respect to 
the risks associated with the competing unions.

The Barberton Mines’ management 
team has ensured that sufficient capital 
expenditure is spent to ensure that the plant’s 
efficiencies are maintainable in the future.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

99

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

Level KPI

Measurable

(US$/oz) Costs

2012

776

2011 % Change Achievement  Comment

781

(0.64) Moderate

Decreased largely due to devaluation 
of ZAR exchange rate by 10.87%. In 
ZAR terms the total cost per kilogram 
increased by 10.16% therefore increase 
is mainly attributable to the ZAR 
exchange rate devaluation in the current 
financial year.

Gold sold ounce increase due to an 
additional 1,068oz of low grade sources 
being processed and sold in the current 
financial year, as well as higher head 
grades achieved from underground 
mining.

Mainly attributable to Phoenix Platinum 
and Barberton Tailings Retreatment Plant 
capitalised expenditures as well as 
Barberton on mine capital expenditures.

Current year effective rate has 
decreased due to Barberton Mines 
moving to the lower tax formulae as per 
relevant regulations, and due to the gold 
operation increasing its capital 
expenditure, which for gold mines is a 
tax deduction in the year the capital 
expenditure is incurred.

Total tonnes increased due to processing 
of low grade surface sources.

Processing of low grade surface sources 
diluted the current year’s recovered 
grades.

Gold Sold Revenue

 94,449 

92,197

2.44 Good

e
t
a
r
o
p
r
o
C

Capital 
Expendi-
ture

Growth

£17.4 million £21.0 million

(19.05) Good

Income 
Tax

Effective 
tax rate

29.11%

35.01%

(16.85) Good

Tonnes

Volume

308kt

296kt

4.05 Good

Quality

9.53g/t

9.68g/t

(1.51) Moderate

Recovered 
Grade 
(g/t)

(%) Total 
Recovery

i

g
n
n
M

i

Gold sales

91.22%

91.00%

0.24 Moderate

No significant change.

BEE

Mining title

26.00%

26.00%

0.00 Good

Fatal 
Accidents

Safety

Resource 
Base

Sustain-
ability

h
t
w
o
r
G

 1 

–

1

Poor

5,887koz

 5,670koz 

3.81 Good

The Group complies with relevant 
legislation.

Safety still remains the Group’s top 
priority and focus area.

The total resource base increased by 
3.81% due to a combination of 
underground slimes and other surface 
sources added to the inventory in 
the Measured and Inferred Categories.

100

 
 
Audit Committee Report

Chairman of the Audit Committee, and internal audit are invited 
to attend each Audit Committee meeting.

Accounting Practices 
and Internal Control
Based on the available and communicated information together 
with  discussions  with  the  independent  external  auditor,  the 
committee  is  satisfied  that  there  was  no  material  breakdown 
in  the  internal  accounting  controls  during  the  financial  year 
under  review.  The  committee  reviewed  the  auditor’s  report 
to  those  charged  with  governance  and  can  report  that  there 
were no material issues requiring immediate additional attention. 
The  value  added  issues  raised  are  receiving  the  appropriate 
attention to ensure increased effectiveness in all areas of financial 
and business systems and controls.

On behalf of the Audit Committee

HH Hickey
Chairman:	Audit	Committee

26 September 2012

Financial Statements
The  committee  has  evaluated  the  Group  financial  statements 
for the year ended 30 June 2012 and, based on the information 
provided to the committee, considers that the Group complies, 
in  all  material  respects,  with  the  requirements  of  the Act  and 
International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’).

The requirements of King III are continuously being assessed and 
improved on with significant issues resolved.

External Auditor
The  committee  nominated  the  South  African  and  UK  firm 
of  Deloitte  & Touche  for  re-appointment  as  external  auditors 
of the Pan African Group.

The committee satisfied itself through enquiry that the external 
auditors are independent as defined by the Companies Act and 
as per the standards stipulated by the auditing profession.

The  Audit  Committee, 
in  consultation  with  executive 
management, agreed to the terms of the engagement. The audit 
fee for the external audit has been considered and approved for 
the 2012 financial year end, taking into consideration such factors 
as the timing of the audit, the extent of the work required and 
the scope.

The  committee  approved  a  non-audit  services  policy  which 
determines  the  nature  and  extent  of  any  non-audit  services 
which  Deloitte  &  Touche  may  provide  to  the  Company. 
The  policy  allows  for  limited  tax  and  corporate  governance 
advice as well as the provision of reporting accountant services 
in relation to capital market transactions

Financial Director

Due to the resignation of Cobus Loots as the Financial Director 
of the Group in December 2011, Busi Sitole was appointed as 
the new Financial Director. The committee has assessed and is 
satisfied  that  the  Group  Financial  Director,  Busi  Sitole,  has  the 
appropriate skill, expertise and experience as required by the JSE 
Listings Requirement 3.84(h).

Internal Auditor
The  committee  plays  an  oversight  role  of  internal  audit  by 
approval of the Internal Audit Plan and review of the reporting 
of  any  findings  on  a  regular  basis.  The  committee  satisfied 
itself  that  the  internal  audit  function  is  independent  and  has 
the  necessary  resources,  standing  and  authority  to  discharge 
its  duties. The  Head  of  Internal Audit  has  direct  access  to  the 

102

Remuneration Report

All  the  Executive  Directors  have  employee  contracts  with  the 
Company  and  are  remunerated  by  the  Company  for  services 
performed.

In  accordance  with  the  Company’s  Articles  of  Association,  
Non-Executive Directors are entitled to Directors’ fees (refer to 
note 32). These fees are paid quarterly.

The  Remuneration  Committee  comprises  one  Independent 
Non-Executive  Director  and  one  Non-Executive  Director. 
The  CEO,  the  Financial  Director  and  the  Executive:  HR  are 
regularly  invited  to  attend  the  committee  meetings  but  are 
excluded from the meeting in the event that their remuneration 
and/or  benefits  are  discussed. The  Remuneration  Committee 
meets  at  least  twice  a  year.  It  reviews  the  performance  of  the 
CEO,  executives  and  senior  management  and  sets  the  scale, 
structure  and  basis  of  their  remuneration  and  the  terms  of 
their service agreements with due regard to the interest of all 
stakeholders and the performance of the Company.

Basic salary and benefits are reviewed annually against competitive 
market  data  and  analysis  (PWC  Remchannel  Survey)  and  are 
adjusted accordingly.

Short-term  incentives  are  paid  annually  and  are  based  on  the 
Company’s performance. The collective Key Performance Areas 
(‘KPAs’)  account  for  80%  and  are  based  on  gold  sold,  costs 
and  safety  whereas  the  individual  KPAs  account  for  20%  and 
are specific to the individual concerned. The performance areas 
are  objective  measurements  based  on  the  Company’s  actual 
achievements versus the set business plan for the financial year.

Share Options
The  Equity  Share  Option  Plan  was  discontinued  in  2008  and 
replaced  with  the  Pan African  Share Appreciation  Bonus  Plan. 
The  main  objective  of  the  Share  Appreciation  Bonus  Plan  is 
to  give  appropriate  incentives  to  selected  employees  who  are 
employed  at  a  managerial  level  within  the  Group,  to  ensure 
retention  of  key  skills  required  for  the  ongoing  profitable 
performance and growth of Pan African Resources, its subsidiary 
companies and any other entities which Pan African Resources 
controls  (‘the  Group’  and ‘Group  Company/ies’),  and  to  align 
management  interests  with  those  of  the  shareholders  of  Pan 
African Resources.

Further details in terms of the Equity Share Option Plan and the 
terms  of  the  Share Appreciation  Bonus  Plan  can  be  obtained 
from the Company Secretary.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

103

Directors’ Report

Independent Auditor’s Reports

Certificate of the Company 
Secretary

Consolidated and Company 
Statement of Comprehensive 
Income

Consolidated and Company 
Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated and Company 
Statement of Cash Flows

Consolidated and Company 
Statement of Changes in Equity

Notes to the Financial Statements

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

105

Table of Contents

Annual Financial Statements 

Directors’ report 

Independent Auditor’s Report – South Africa 

Independent Auditor’s Report – United Kingdom 

Certificate of the Company Secretary 

Consolidated and Company Statement of  

Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated and Company Statement of 

Financial Position 

Consolidated and Company Statement of 

Cash Flows 

Consolidated and Company Statement of 

Changes in Equity 

Notes to the Financial Statements: Accounting 

Policies and Financial Reporting Terms 

105
107

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

106

Directors’ Report

The  Directors  present  their  annual  report  and  the  audited 
financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2012.

Principal Activities
The Group’s principal activity during the year was of gold and 
platinum  mining  activities. A  full  review  of  the  activities  of  the 
business  and  of  future  prospects  are  contained  in  the  Chief 
Executive Officer’s report and Financial Director’s report, which 
accompanies these financial statements, with financial and non-
financial key performance indicators shown below.

Key Performance Indicators
The  Group  produces  management  reports  on  a  monthly  basis 
that  highlight  several  Key  Performance  Indicators  (‘KPIs’)  from  a 
corporate, operational and management perspective to assess the 
financial position of the Group. These are highlighted on page 100.

Results and Dividends
The  results  for  the  year  are  disclosed  in  the  Consolidated 
Statement of Comprehensive Income on page 114. The salient 
features of these results can be found on page 8.

The Pan African Board previously stated the Company’s policy 
is to pay an annual dividend, subject to the capital requirements 
of  the  Company. This  policy  has  not  changed.  However,  taking 
into  account  the  funding  required  to  implement  the  Evander 
Gold  Mines  transaction  and  the  concomitant  proposed  rights 
offer, and following discussions with our major shareholders, the 
Board of Directors has decided to forego the declaration of a 
dividend in respect of the 2012 financial year. The final dividend 
paid for the year ended 30 June 2011 was £7.4 million.

The Board remains committed to continue with the Company’s 
dividend  policy  and  intends  to  resume  the  dividend  payment 
in  the  2013  financial  year,  normal  legal  and  commercial 
considerations permitting. Pan African Resources is positive that 
the  Evander  Gold  Mines  transaction,  once  implemented,  will 
further  support  the  Group’s  cash  flows  and  drive  to  enhance 
shareholder returns through dividends.

Policy for Payment of Creditors

It is the Company’s policy to settle all agreed transactions within 
the terms established with suppliers. The Company’s credit days 
are a maximum of 60 days.

Risk Management
The key business risks to which the Company is exposed have 
been considered and are addressed on pages 98 and 99.

A separate risk committee is not considered necessary as this 
role is fulfilled by the Board, its sub-committees as well as that 
of executive management. The identification and management of 
critical risks is a strategic focus area for executive management, 
reviewed  on  a  monthly  basis  and,  together  with  action  plans, 
reported regularly to the Board. Executive management has the 
ability  to  call  for  emergency  Board  meetings,  should  the  need 
arise.  Risk  registers  for  each  business  segment  are  in  place. 
The Board has reviewed the current risks to the business and, at 
the time of reporting, believes that the current business risks do 
not exceed the risk appetite of the Group.

Risks include the Rand gold price, Government and regulatory 
frameworks, as well as unforeseen natural disasters.

The Board believes that the current processes of identifying and 
dealing with risks is effective.

Internal Control
The  Board  is  responsible  for  maintaining  a  sound  system  of 
internal  controls  to  safeguard  shareholders’  investment  and 
Group assets. The Directors monitor the operation of internal 
controls. The  objective  of  the  system  is  to  safeguard  Group 
assets,  ensure  proper  accounting  records  are  maintained  and 
that  the  financial  information  used  within  the  business  and  for 
publication  is  reliable. Any  such  system  of  internal  control  can 
only  provide  reasonable,  but  not  absolute,  assurance  against 
material misstatement or loss.

Internal  financial  control  procedures  undertaken  by  the  Board 
include:
•   review  of  monthly 

financial  reports  and  monitoring 

performance;

•   review  of  internal  audit  reports  and  follow-up  action  of 

weaknesses identified by these reports;

•   review of competency and experience of senior management 

staff;

•   prior approval of all significant expenditure including all major 

investment decisions; and

•   review and debate of treasury and other policies.

The Board has reviewed the operation and effectiveness of the 
Group’s system of internal control for the financial year and the 
period up to the date of approval of the financial statements.

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

107

Directors’ Report
Continued

Going Concern
The Group is currently generating significant levels of cash from 
its operations, is debt-free and has a revolving credit facility of 
£11.6  million  with  a  major  bank  which  it  has  not  yet  utilised. 
However,  the  terms  of  its  agreement  to  acquire  Evander 
Gold Mines from Harmony will require it to make a significant 
(approximately  £116.2  million)  cash  payment  once  all  the 
outstanding conditions precedent have been met. The Directors 
currently  envisage  that  the  required  funding  will  be  met  by  a 
combination  of  existing  cash,  additional  equity  (for  which 
irrevocable shareholder undertakings of £54 million have been 
obtained), cash held by Evander Gold Mines and debt funding. The 
level of debt funding required is expected to exceed the capacity 
of the current revolving credit facility, but we have secured credit 
committee approval from a major bank for the required increase 
in the size of the facility and are satisfied that the remaining steps 
to obtain final approval are procedural in nature.

The Group’s ability to fund the transaction and meet the working 
capital needs of the enlarged Group thereafter is also sensitive 
to  a  number  of  other  factors  including,  but  not  limited  to, 
changes in gold price, production rates and cost levels. We have 
therefore  produced  cash  flow  forecasts  and  run  sensitivities  in 
respect of the above factors as well as considered the potential 
impact on our funding position of a national strike in the South 
African  mining  sector  between  now  and  the  completion  of 
the  transaction.  In  the  event  there  are  unexpected  adverse 
changes to the Group’s cash flows, the Directors are confident 
that the Group could manage its financial affairs in a number of 
ways, including a reduction in discretionary capital expenditure, 
obtaining  additional  debt  funding  and,  in  the  event  of  a  short- 
term downturn, a focus on higher grade ores and working capital 
management.

Having taken into consideration the above factors, the Directors 
believe that the Group’s forecasts and projections show that the 
Company and Group will be able to complete the Evander Gold 
Mines’  acquisition,  meet  all  its  other  contractual  commitments 
and  have  adequate  resources  to  continue  in  operational 
existence for the foreseeable future, being 12 months from the 
date of this report. Accordingly, the Directors continue to adopt 
the  going  concern  basis  in  preparing  the  results  for  the  year 
ended 30 June 2012.

Events After the Reporting Period
Acquisition of Evander Gold 
Mines from Harmony

Readers  are  referred  to  the  detailed  description  of  the 
transaction in the CEO’s report.

108

On 17 August 2012 Pan African Resources issued an update on 
the Evander Gold Mines’ acquisition status. Pan African Resources 
announced that 57% of the shareholders had committed to vote 
in favour of the transaction and that it had secured £54.2 million 
(ZAR700 million) through rights offer commitments.

Pan African Resources has made a further payment of £2.5 million 
(ZAR30 million) to Harmony in respect of the second tranche 
of the Break Fee in terms of the Agreement. Therefore the full 
Break Fee, being an amount of £4.1 million (ZAR50 million), has 
been  paid  by  Pan African  Resources  to  Harmony.  Pan African 
Resources  and  Harmony  have  furthermore  agreed  that  the 
Break Fee shall be set off against the £77.5 million (ZAR1 billion) 
Deposit. The balance of the Deposit (if it becomes payable, at 
Harmony’s election) shall therefore constitute a total amount of 
£73.6 million (ZAR950 million).

The  Secured  Capital,  in  addition  to  Pan African’s  existing  cash 
funds available and, to the extent necessary, draw-downs by Pan 
African  Resources  from  existing  debt  funding  facilities,  will  be 
sufficient to allow Pan African Resources to make payment of the 
Deposit. Pan African Resources intends to fund the balance of 
the Purchase Consideration through a combination of, inter alia, 
third party debt financing and funds generated from Pan African’s 
existing operations.

The Group is in the process of finalising the debt component of 
£46.5 million (ZAR600 million) required for part of the financing 
of the Evander Gold Mines’ transaction.

Disposal of Manica Gold Project
1. Introduction
On  29 August  2012,  Pan African  Resources  announced  that  it 
entered  into  an  agreement  to  dispose  of  100%  of  its  Manica 
Gold Project (‘Manica’) to Auroch Minerals Mozambique (Pty) 
Limited,  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary  of  Terranova  Minerals 
NL  (‘Terranova’),  for  a  total  potential  purchase  consideration 
(‘Purchase  Consideration’)  of  AUD6  million  (GBP4  million/
ZAR52.4  million)  payable  in  cash,  and  96,666,668  shares  in 
Terranova  (‘Terranova  Shares’),  subject  to  certain  terms  and 
conditions more fully described below (‘Transaction’).

2. Purchase Consideration
In terms of the Agreement, Pan African Resources shall receive 
the  first  portion  of  the  Purchase  Consideration  comprising 
AUD2 million (GBP1.3 million/ZAR17.5 million) and 25,000,000 
shares in Terranova upon the fulfilment or, where possible, waiver 
of the conditions precedent to the Transaction.

The remaining portion of the Purchase Consideration shall only 
become payable in tranches upon achievement of the following 

milestones by Manica during the four-year period following the 
completion of the Transaction:
•   the delineation of at least 400,000oz of Joint Ore Reserves 
Committee Code (‘JORC’) Inferred Gold Resource of oxide 
ore  with  a  cut-off  grade  of  1.25g/t  being  defined  on  the 
Northern  and/or  Southern  shear  zones  of  Manica’s  mining 
concession (‘Concession’) (‘400koz Milestone’);

•   the  delineation  of  at  least  1,000,000oz  of  a  JORC  Inferred 
Gold Resource of oxide ore with a cut-off grade of 1.25g/t 
being defined on the Northern and/or Southern shear zones 
of the Concession (‘1,000koz Milestone’);

•   the completion of a positive Bankable Feasibility Study (‘BFS’) 
on either the oxide or sulphide ore on the Concession which 
recommends  the  construction  of  a  mine  with  at  least  a  
10-year life and production scope of 50,000oz per annum and 
at any time after completion of the BFS, the Board of Directors 
of Terranova elects to commence construction of the mine as 
recommended in the BFS and has financing arranged for the 
construction of the mine (‘BFS Milestone’); and

•   the production of either oxide or sulphide ore at the plant 
constructed at Manica to process ore from the Concession 
at the capacity specified in the BFS (‘Capacity Milestone’).

The  remaining  portion  of  the  Purchase  Consideration  shall 
be  settled  upon  the  achievement  of  the  various  milestones 
described above as follows:
•   AUD1,000,000 (GBP658,700/ZAR8,728,300) and 20,066,667 
Terranova shares upon achievement of the 400koz milestone;
•   AUD1,000,000 (GBP658,700/ZAR8,728,300) and 20,066,667 
Terranova shares to be paid and issued upon achievement of 
the 1,000koz milestone;

•   AUD1,000,000 (GBP658,700/ZAR8,728,300) and 24,366,667 
shares  or  a  payment  of  AUD7,310,000 
Terranova 
(GBP4,815,097/ZAR63,803,873) 
in  cash,  at  Terranova’s 
election, to be paid and/or issued upon achievement of the 
BFS milestone; and

•   AUD1,000,000 (GBP658,700/ZAR8,728,300) and 7,166,667 
Terranova 
(GBP1,416,205/
ZAR18,765,845)  in  cash,  at Terranova’s  election,  to  be  paid 
and/or issued upon achievement of the capacity milestone.

shares  or  AUD2,150,000 

Pan  African  Resources  expects  to  utilise  the  cash  portion  of 
the Purchase Consideration for the funding of the construction 
and  development  of  its  Bramber Tailings  Retreatment  Project 
and  expects  to  retain  the Terranova  Shares  received  in  terms 
of  the  Transaction  so  as  to  continue  to  participate  in  the 
development of Manica through Terranova.

3. Conditions Precedent to the Transaction
The  implementation  of  the Transaction  remains  subject  to  the 
fulfilment  or,  where  possible,  waiver  of,  inter  alia,  the  following 
conditions  precedent  within  six  months  of  the  date  of 
the Agreement:

•   Terranova  raising  capital  of  not  less  than  AUD5  million 
(GBP3.3 million/ZAR43.6 million), at a price of not less than 
AUD0.30  (GBP0.20/ZAR2.62)  per  share,  to  fund  the  initial 
working capital requirements required for the development 
of Manica;

•   Terranova  obtaining  a  report  prepared  by  an  independent 
expert stating that the Transaction is fair and reasonable to 
Terranova’s shareholders;

•   Terranova  obtaining  all  the  necessary  regulatory  approvals, 
on  acceptable  terms,  as  are  required  to  give  effect  to  the 
Transaction; and

•   Terranova and Pan African Resources, to the extent required, 
obtaining all the necessary shareholder approvals required to 
implement the Transaction.

the  Transaction 

remains  conditional  upon 
Furthermore, 
Terranova,  within  one  month  of  the  date  of  the  Agreement, 
confirming that it is satisfied with the results of a due diligence 
exercise to be concluded over Manica.

The Transaction  shall  become  effective  upon  the  fulfilment  or, 
where  possible,  waiver  of  all  the  conditions  precedent  to  the 
Transaction.

4. Details of Manica and Terranova
Manica  is  a  gold  exploration  project  situated  in  central 
Mozambique approximately 4km north of the town of Manica, 
which lies approximately 270km inland of the port city of Beira, 
Mozambique. The project, which spans 42km2, is positioned in the 
Beira Corridor, which contains major road and rail infrastructure 
linking  Zimbabwe  to  Beira  and  has  a  JORC  resource  of  some 
3Moz at 1.83g/t Au. The area surrounding Manica is well known 
for hosting gold mines such as Penhalonga, Rezende, Monarch and 
Old West. The reefs in these mines have typically been classified 
as porphyry mineralisation within quartz-diorites where gold is 
hosted in quartz veins.

Listed  on  the  Australian  Securities  Exchange,  Terranova  is  a 
mineral exploration company which is involved in the acquisition, 
exploration and evaluation of gold and copper assets. Terranova 
has gold projects in Western Australia including the Beete Gold, 
Peninsula  Gold  projects  in  the  eastern  fields  Region  and  the 
Crawford Copper Project in the Crawford Belt of the Gascoyne 
Province, although going forward Terranova’s primary focus will 
be on Manica. Terranova currently has 42.5 million fully diluted 
shares (this includes 20 million partially paid shares) in issue.

Directors

The following were Directors during the year under review:
Mr KC Spencer*
Ms P Mahanyele (appointed 20 July 2011)

Pan African Resources PLC 
Annual Report 2012

109

Directors’ Report
Continued

Mr JP Nelson
Ms YB Sitole (appointed 14 December 2011)
Mr JAJ Loots
Mr RG Still*
Mrs HH Hickey* (appointed 12 April 2012)
Mr MC Ramaphosa (resigned 14 December 2011)
Mr RM Smith (resigned 20 July 2011)
*	Independent

Auditor

Deloitte  LLP  has  been  appointed  as  United  Kingdom  auditors 
until the conclusion of the next Annual General Meeting.

Each of the persons who is a Director at the date of approval of 
this annual report confirms that:
•   so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant information 

of which the Group’s auditors are unaware; and

•   the  Director  has  taken  all  the  steps  that  he  ought  to  have 
taken as a Director in order to make himself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the Group’s 
auditors are aware of that information.

This  confirmation  is  given  and  should  be  interpreted  in 
accordance with S418 of the UK Companies Act 2006.

Deloitte LLP has expressed their willingness to continue in office 
as auditors and a resolution to re-appoint them will be proposed 
at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

By Order of the Board 

Jan Nelson
Chief	Executive	Officer

26 September 2012

110

Independent Auditor’s Report - South Africa

To the Shareholders of Pan African Resources PLC

We have audited the consolidated and separate financial statements of Pan African Resources PLC set out on pages 114 to 154, which 
comprise the statements of financial position as at 30 June 2012, and the statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes 
in equity and statements of cash flows for the year then ended, and the notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies 
and other explanatory information.

Directors’ Responsibility for the Financial Statements
The  Company’s  directors  are  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  these  consolidated  and  separate  financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and for such internal control as the directors determine 
is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated and separate financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error.

Auditor’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated and separate financial statements based on our audit. We conducted 
our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements 
and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the consolidated and separate financial statements are free 
from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The 
procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial 
statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the 
Group’s preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the 
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also 
includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting principles used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the 
directors, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated and separate financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated and separate 
financial position of Pan African Resources PLC as at 30 June 2012, and its consolidated and separate financial performance and its 
consolidated and separate cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.

Deloitte & Touche

Per MLE Tshabalala
Partner

26 September 2012

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 111

Independent Auditor’s Report - United Kingdom

To the Shareholders of Pan African Resources PLC

We have audited the financial statements of Pan African Resources Plc for the year ended 30 June 2012 which comprise the Group 
and Parent Company Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Group and Parent Company Statement of Financial  Position, the 
Group and Parent Company Cash Flow Statement, the Group and Parent Company Statement of Changes in Equity and the related 
notes 1 to 37. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable by law and International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.

This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are required to 
state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for 
the opinions we have formed.

Respective Responsibilities of Directors and Auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial 
statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the 
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  applicable  law  and  International  Standards  on Auditing  (UK  and  Ireland). Those  standards 
require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the Audit of the Financial Statements
An  audit  involves  obtaining  evidence  about  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements  sufficient  to  give  reasonable 
assurance  that  the  financial  statements  are  free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  caused  by  fraud  or  error. This  includes  an 
assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Group’s and the Parent Company’s circumstances and have 
been  consistently  applied  and  adequately  disclosed;  the  reasonableness  of  significant  accounting  estimates  made  by  the  directors; 
and  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial  statements.  In  addition,  we  read  all  the  financial  and  non-financial  information  in  the 
annual report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited financial statements. If we become aware of any apparent material 
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.

Opinion on Financial Statements
In our opinion:
•   the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs as at 30 June 2012 

and of the Group’s and the Parent Company’s profit for the year then ended;

•  the financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; and
•  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Opinion on Other Matter Prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion the information given in the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is 
consistent with the financial statements.

112

Matters on which we are Required to Report by Exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our 
opinion:
•   adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received 

from branches not visited by us; or

•  the Parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

David Paterson (Senior statutory auditor)
for and on behalf of Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor
London, United Kingdom

26 September 2012

Certificate of the Company Secretary

I hereby certify that Pan African has lodged with the Registrar of Companies all such returns as are required of a public company in 
terms of the Companies Act 2006. All such returns are true, correct and up to date.

St James’s Corporate Services Limited

26 September 2012

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 113

Consolidated and Company Statement of 
Comprehensive Income 

for the year ended 30 June 2012

Revenue
Gold sales
Realisation costs

On-mine revenue
Cost of production – Gold
Depreciation

Mining profit
Other expenses
Impairment
Royalty costs

Net income before finance income and 
finance costs
Finance income
Finance costs

Profit before taxation
Taxation 

Profit after taxation

Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation differences 

Group

Company

30 June 2012
(Audited)
£

30 June 2011
(Audited)
£

30 June 2012
(Audited)
£

30 June 2011
(Audited)
£

Notes

4

5
16

8

4 & 9
9

10
13

 101,068,596 
 (163,217)

 100,905,379 
 (46,122,811)
 (3,259,010)

 51,523,558 
 (5,916,227)
 (48,238)
 (3,848,450)

 41,710,643 
 652,267 
 (136,765)

 42,226,145 
 (12,984,511)

 79,208,399 
 (157,763)

 79,050,636 
 (45,345,417)
 (2,885,243)

 30,819,976 
 (2,796,657)
 – 
 (2,368,239)

 25,655,080 
 802,022 
 (40,128)

 26,416,974 
 (9,248,309)

 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 21,644,712 
 – 
 – 

 21,644,712 
 551,154 
 – 

 22,195,866 
 – 

 –
 –

 –
 –
 –

 –
 20,471,875
 –
 –

 20,471,875
 772,957
 –

 21,244,832
 –

 29,241,634 

 17,168,665 

 22,195,866 

 21,244,832

 (10,248,051)

 3,814,677 

 (7,013,252)

 1,855,200

Total comprehensive income for the year

 18,993,583 

 20,983,342 

 15,182,614 

 23,100,032

Profit attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Non-controlling interest

Total comprehensive income attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Non-controlling interest

 29,241,634 
 – 

 17,168,665 
 – 

 22,195,866 
 – 

 21,244,832
 –

 29,241,634 

 17,168,665 

 22,195,866 

 21,244,832

 18,993,583 
 – 

 20,983,342 
 – 

 15,182,614 
 – 

 23,100,032
 –

 18,993,583 

 20,983,342 

 15,182,614 

 23,100,032

Earnings per share 
Diluted earnings per share

14
14

 2.02 
 2.01 

 1.20 
1.19

 – 
 – 

 –
 –

114

Consolidated and Company 
Statement of Financial Position

as at 30 June 2012

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment and 
mineral rights
Other intangible assets
Goodwill
Investments
Rehabilitation trust fund

Current assets
Inventories
Receivables from subsidiaries
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Non-current assets held for sale

Total assets

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Capital and reserves
Share capital
Share premium
Translation reserve
Share option reserve
Retained income
Realisation of equity reserve
Merger reserve

Equity attributable to owners of the 
parent

Total equity

Non-current liabilities
Long-term provisions 
Long-term liabilities 
Deferred taxation

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 
Payable to other Group companies
Current tax liability

Group

Company

30 June 2012
(Audited)
£

30 June 2011
(Audited)
£

30 June 2012
(Audited)
£

30 June 2011
(Audited)
£

Notes

16
17
18
19
20

21
34
22
23

35

24

26
27
28

25
34

 62,411,655 
 – 
 21,000,714 
 – 
 2,662,934 

 59,052,015 
 14,214,426 
 21,000,714 
 – 
 3,013,385 

 126,209 
 – 
 – 
 50,101,244 
 – 

 189,657
 –
 –
 53,259,921
 –

 86,075,303 

 97,280,540 

 50,227,453 

 53,449,578

 1,868,735 
 – 
 6,828,047 
 19,782,179 

 1,457,202 
 – 
 4,254,401 
 10,123,822 

 – 
 19,505,668 
 1,621,219 
 17,812,893 

 –
 27,146,884
 121,000
 11,546,466

 28,478,961 

 15,835,425 

 38,939,780 

 38,814,350

 13,135,215 

 – 

 13,155,070 

 –

 127,689,479 

 113,115,965 

 102,322,303 

 92,263,928

 14,482,623 
 51,149,299 
 (1,937,509)
 904,902 
 59,432,741 
 (10,701,093)
 (10,705,308)

 14,440,406 
 50,932,830 
 8,310,542 
 861,450 
 37,607,283 
 (10,701,093)
 (10,705,308)

 14,482,623 
 51,149,299 
 (5,158,052)
 792,143 
 36,881,921 
 – 
 1,560,000 

 14,440,406
 50,932,830
 1,855,200
 777,585
 22,102,231
 –
 1,560,000

 102,625,655 

 90,746,110 

 99,707,934 

 91,668,252

 102,625,655 

 90,746,110 

 99,707,934 

 91,668,252

 3,043,954 
 868,881 
 10,088,530 

 3,386,591 
 181,285 
 9,841,695 

 14,001,365 

 13,409,571 

 – 
 429,565 
 – 

 429,565 

 7,709,729 
 – 
 3,352,730 

 8,193,750 
 – 
 766,534 

 886,569 
 1,298,235 
 – 

 11,062,459 

 8,960,284 

 2,184,804 

 –
 27,329
 –

 27,329

 568,347
 –
 –

 568,347

Total equity and liabilities

 127,689,479 

 113,115,965 

 102,322,303 

 92,263,928

The financial statements of Pan African Resources PLC, registration number 3937466 were approved by the Board of Directors on 
26 September 2012 and signed on its behalf by :

Jan Nelson
Chief Executive Officer

Busi Sitole
Financial Director

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 115

Consolidated and Company 
Statement of Cash Flows

for the year ended 30 June 2012

Net Cash Generated from/(Used in) 
Operating Activities

Investing Activities
Dividends received
Deposit
Additions to property, plant and 
equipment, mineral rights
Additions to intangibles
Loans to subsidiaries
Funding of rehabilitation trust fund

Net (Cash Used in)/Generated from 
Investing Activities

Financing Activities
Loans from subsidiaries
Shares issued

Net Cash from/(Used in) Financing 
Activities

Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and 
Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the 
beginning of the year
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes

Cash and Cash Equivalents at the end 
of the year

Group

Company

30 June 2012
(Audited)
£

30 June 2011
(Audited)
£

30 June 2012
(Audited)
£

30 June 2011
(Audited)
£

Notes

37

 30,575,270 

 16,610,289 

 (8,392,150)

 (5,680,503)

 – 
 (1,548,779)

 – 
 – 

 24,500,396 
 (1,548,779)

 21,650,960
 –

 (17,424,906)
 (505,273)
 – 
 115,970 

 (21,033,991)
 (800,619)
 – 
 122,145 

 (13,202)
 – 
 (6,836,569)
 – 

 (181,183)
 –
 (14,614,028)
 –

 (19,362,988)

 (21,712,465)

 16,101,846 

 6,855,749

24

 – 
 258,686 

 – 
 1,545,000 

 1,298,235 
 258,686 

 (5,738,018)
 1,545,000

 258,686 

 1,545,000 

 1,556,921 

 (4,193,018)

 11,470,968 

 (3,557,176)

 9,266,617 

 (3,017,772)

 10,123,822 
 (1,812,611)

 12,756,262 
 924,736 

 11,546,466 
 (3,000,190)

 14,240,891
 323,347

23

 19,782,179 

 10,123,822 

 17,812,893 

 11,546,466

116

Consolidated and Company Statement 
of Changes in Equity

for the year ended 30 June 2012

GROUP

Balance at  
30 June 2010
Issue of shares
Total comprehensive 
income
Dividends paid
Share-based payment 
– charge for the year

Balance at  
30 June 2011
Issue of shares
Total comprehensive 
income
Profit for the year
Dividends paid
Share-based payment 
– charge for the year

Balance at  
30 June 2012

COMPANY
Balance at 30 June 
2010
Issue of shares
Total comprehensive 
income
Dividend issue
Charge for the year

Balance at  
30 June 2011
Issue of shares
Total comprehensive 
income
Dividends paid
Share-based payment 
– charge for the year

Balance at  
30 June 2012

Share
capital

Share
premium
account

Translation
reserve

Share
option
reserve

Retained
earnings

Realisation
of equity
reserve

Merger
reserve

Total

 14,095,406   49,732,830 
 1,200,000 

 345,000 

 4,495,865 
 – 

 754,394   25,814,783   (10,701,093)  (10,705,308)  73,486,877
 1,545,000

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 3,814,677 
 – 

 – 
 – 

 17,168,665 
 (5,376,165)

 – 

 107,056 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 20,983,342
 (5,376,165)

 – 

 107,056

 14,440,406   50,932,830 
 216,469 

 42,217 

 8,310,542 
 – 

 861,450   37,607,283   (10,701,093)  (10,705,308)  90,746,110
 258,686

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 –   (10,248,051)
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 
–
 – 

 29,241,634 
 – 
 (7,416,176)

 – 

 – 

 43,452 

 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 18,993,583
 –
 (7,416,176)

 43,452

 14,482,623   51,149,299 

 (1,937,509)

 904,902   59,432,741   (10,701,093)  (10,705,308)  102,625,655

 14,095,406   49,732,830 
 1,200,000 

 345,000 

 – 
 – 

 739,519 
 – 

 6,233,564 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 1,855,200 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 38,066 

 21,244,832 
 (5,376,165)
 – 

 14,440,406   50,932,830 
 216,469 

 42,217 

 1,855,200 
 – 

 777,585   22,102,231 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 (7,013,252)
 – 

 – 
 – 

 22,195,866 
 (7,416,176)

 – 

 14,558 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 1,560,000   72,361,319
 1,545,000

 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 23,100,032
 (5,376,165)
 38,066

 1,560,000   91,668,252
 258,686

 – 

 – 
 – 

 15,182,614
 (7,416,176)

 – 

 14,558

 14,482,623   51,149,299 

 (5,158,052)

 792,143   36,881,921 

 – 

 1,560,000   99,707,934

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 117

 
Notes to the Financial Statements: Accounting 
Policies and Financial Reporting Terms

for the year ended 30 June 2012

1  GENERAL INFORMATION
Pan African  is  a  company  incorporated  in  England  and Wales  under  the  Companies Act  2006. The  Company  has  a  dual  primary 
listing on the AIM Market (‘AIM’) of the London Stock Exchange and JSE Limited (‘JSE’). The nature of the Group’s operations and its 
principal activities relate to gold and PGE mining and exploration activities. The financial statements are presented in Pounds Sterling. 
Foreign operations are included in accordance with the policies set out below. The individual financial results of each Group company 
are maintained in their functional currencies, which are determined by reference to the primary economic environment in which 
it operates.

For the purpose of the consolidated financial statements, the results and financial position of each Group company is expressed in 
Pounds Sterling. The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.

The financial statements have also been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) adopted 
by the European Union and South Africa.

2  ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of preparation and General Information
The annual financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are 
stated at fair value. The principal accounting policies are set out below and are consistent in all material respects with those applied in 
the previous year, except where otherwise indicated.

Historic Reverse Acquisition
On  31  July  2007  the  Company  acquired  74%  of  Barberton  Mines  (Pty)  Limited  (‘Barberton’)  in  a  share-for-share  transaction.  
IFRS  3 ‘Business  Combinations’  defines  the  acquirer  in  a  business  combination  as  the  entity  that  obtains  control. Accordingly,  the 
combination was accounted for as a reverse acquisition.

Going Concern
The financial position of the Group, its cash flows and liquidity position are described in these financial statements. In addition, note 29 
to the financial statements includes the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing its capital; its financial risk management 
objectives; details of its financial instruments; and its exposure to credit, foreign currency, commodity price, interest rate and liquidity risk.

Management is not aware of any material uncertainties which may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going 
concern. Based on the current status of the Group’s finances, the Directors have formed a judgement, at the time of approving the 
financial statements, that there is a reasonable expectation that the Group has, or will have, adequate resources to enable the Group to 
continue to meet its financial commitments for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern 
basis in preparing the financial statements. Further details are provided (refer to page 26 in front section).

New and Revised International Financial Reporting Standards not yet adopted
The Group applies all applicable IFRS in preparation of the financial statements. Consequently, all IFRS statements adopted by the 
European Union that were effective at 30 June 2012 and are relevant to its operations have been applied.

118

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following standards and interpretations, which have been applied in these 
financial statements, for the first time, were in issue and effective as at 30 June 2012:

New and Revised International Financial Reporting Standards 

Effective Date

Pre-payments of a Minimum Funding Requirement

Applies to annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2011 (applied retrospectively from the 
beginning of the earliest comparative period presented)

Amendments to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures

Applies to annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2011

Severe Hyperinflation and Removal of Fixed Dates for 
First-time Adopters (Amendments to IFRS 1)

Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after  
1 July 2011

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following standards and interpretations, which have not been applied in 
these financial statements, were in issue but not yet effective:

New and Revised International Financial Reporting Standards 

Effective Date 

IAS 27 Separate Financial Statements (2011)

IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (2011)

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (2009)

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (2010)

IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements

IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements

IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities

IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement

Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013

Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013

Applies on a modified retrospective basis to annual periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2015

Applies to annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2015

Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013

Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013

Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013

Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013

Deferred Tax: Recovery of Underlying Assets (Amendments to IAS 12) Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after  

IAS 19 Employee Benefits (2011)

Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive 
Income (Amendments to IAS 1)

Disclosures – Offsetting Financial Assets and 
Financial Liabilities (Amendments to IFRS 7)

Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial 
Liabilities (Amendments to IAS 32)

Government Loans (Amendments to IFRS 1)

1 January 2012

Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013

Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 July 2012

Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after 
1 January 2013 and interim periods within those periods

Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2014

Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2013

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 119

Notes to the Financial Statements: Accounting 
Policies and Financial Reporting Terms Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

New and Revised International Financial Reporting Standards 

Effective Date 

Annual Improvements 2009 – 2011 Cycle

IFRIC 20 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine

Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2013

Applies to annual periods beginning 
on or after 1 January 2013

The impact of the adoption of the above standards and interpretations still needs to be considered, but is not expected to have a 
material impact on the financial results.

Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company 
(its subsidiaries) to 30 June each year. Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating 
policies of an investee enterprise so as to obtain benefits from its activities. The results of the subsidiaries acquired or disposed of 
during the year are included in the consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income from the effective date of acquisition or up 
to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Inter-company transactions and balances between Group entities are eliminated on 
consolidation.

Business Combinations
Acquisitions  of  subsidiaries  and  businesses  are  accounted  for  using  the  purchase  method. The  cost  of  a  business  combination  is 
measured  as  the  aggregate  of  the  fair  values  (at  the  date  of  exchange)  of  assets  given,  liabilities  incurred  or  assumed,  and  equity 
instruments issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree. The acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent 
liabilities  that  meet  the  conditions  for  recognition  under  IFRS  3  Business  Combinations,  are  recognised  at  their  fair  values  at  the 
acquisition  date,  except  for  non-current  assets  (or  disposal  groups)  that  are  classified  as  held-for-sale  in  accordance  with  IFRS  5  
Non-current Assets Held-for-Sale and Discontinued Operations, which are recognised and measured at fair value less costs-to-sell.

Goodwill arising on acquisitions is recognised as an asset, and initially measured at cost, being the excess of the cost of the business 
combination over the Group’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised. If, after 
re-assessment, the Group’s interest in the net fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities exceeds 
the cost of the business combination, the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The interest of minority shareholders in the 
acquiree is initially measured at the minority’s proportion of net fair value of the assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised.

Change in Ownership Interest
In terms of IAS 27, changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a change of control are accounted for 
as equity transactions.

Property, Plant and Equipment
Mining Assets

Mining  assets,  including  mine  development  costs  and  mine  plant  facilities,  are  recorded  at  cost  less  provision  for  impairment  and 
accumulated depreciation.

Expenditure incurred after feasibility stage to develop new ore bodies, to define mineralisation in existing ore bodies, to establish or 
expand productive capacity and expenditure designed to maintain productive capacities, is capitalised within capital under construction 
until commercial levels of production are achieved. Capital under construction is not depreciated. All revenue generated during the 
commissioning phase is capitalised back to the property, plant and equipment as per IAS 16.

Mineral and Surface Rights

Mineral and surface rights are recorded at cost less provision for impairment and accumulated depreciation.

Land

Land is shown at cost and is not depreciated.

120

Gain or Loss on Disposal or Retirement of Assets

The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference 
between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.

Depreciation
Mining assets, mineral and surface rights mining assets, mine development costs, mineral and surface rights and plant mine facilities are 
depreciated over the estimated life of mine (‘LOM’) to their residual values using the units-of-production method based on estimated 
proven and probable ore reserves.

Other mining plant and equipment is depreciated on the straight-line basis over the shorter of the LOM or their estimated useful lives.

Depreciation of Non-Mining Assets
Buildings and other non-mining assets are recorded at cost and depreciated on the straight-line basis over their expected useful lives, 
which vary between three to 10 years.

Research, Development, Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Costs
Research, development, mineral exploration and evaluation costs are expensed in the year in which they are incurred until they result 
in projects that the Group:
•  Evaluate as being technically or commercially feasible;
•  Has sufficient resources to complete development; and
•  Can demonstrate that they will generate future economic benefits.

Once these criteria are met, all directly attributable development costs and on-going mineral exploration and evaluation costs are 
capitalised within other intangible assets. Capitalisation of pre-production expenditure ceases when the mining property is capable of 
commercial production.

Capitalised pre-production expenditure is assessed for impairment in accordance with the Group accounting policy stated below:

Impairment (Except for Goodwill)
At each Statement of Financial Position date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine 
whether  there  is  any  indication  that  those  assets  have  suffered  an  impairment  loss.  If  any  such  indication  exists,  the  recoverable 
amount of the asset being the higher of fair value less costs to sell or value in use is estimated in order to determine the extent of 
the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates 
the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (‘CGU’) to which the asset belongs. Impairment losses are immediately recognised 
as an expense. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Goodwill
Goodwill arising on consolidation represents the excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s interest in the fair value of the 
identifiable  assets  and  liabilities  of  a  subsidiary,  associate  or  jointly-controlled  entity  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  Goodwill  is  initially 
recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s CGUs expected to benefit from the synergies of 
the combination. Cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently 
when there is an indication that the CGU may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than the carrying amount 
of the CGU, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to 
the other assets of the CGU, pro rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU. An impairment loss recognised 
for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period. On disposal of a subsidiary, associate or jointly-controlled entity, the attributable 
amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 121

Notes to the Financial Statements: Accounting 
Policies and Financial Reporting Terms Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

Taxation
The charge for current tax is based on the results for the year as adjusted for items which are non-deductible or disallowed. It is 
calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Statement of Financial Position date.

Deferred tax is accounted for using the liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the 
carrying amount of assets or liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of taxable 
profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are recognised 
to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. 
Such assets or liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than 
a business combination) of other assets or liabilities in a transaction, which affects neither tax nor accounting profit.

Deferred  tax  is  calculated  at  the  tax  rates  that  are  expected  to  apply  to  the  period  when  the  asset  is  realised  or  the  liability  is 
settled, based on tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Statement of Financial Position date. 
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which 
the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax is charged 
or credited to the Statement of Comprehensive Income, except when it relates to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which 
case the deferred tax is also recorded within equity, or where they arise from the initial accounting for a business combination. In a 
business combination, the tax effect is taken into account in calculating goodwill or in determining the excess of the acquirer’s interest 
in the net fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the cost of the business combination.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Statement of Financial Position date and reduced to the extent that 
it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or parts of the assets to be recovered.

Revenues,  expenses  and  assets  are  recognised  net  of  the  amount  of  associated VAT,  unless VAT  incurred  is  not  recoverable  from 
the taxation authority. In this case it is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. Receivables 
or payables are stated inclusive of the amount of VAT receivable or payable. The net amount of VAT recoverable from, or payable to, 
the taxation authority is included with other receivables or payables in the consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation resulting from past events, it is probable that an 
outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of 
the amount of the obligation.

The  amount  recognised  as  a  provision  is  the  best  estimate  of  the  consideration  required  to  settle  the  present  obligation  at  the 
Statement of Financial Position date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When  some  or  all  of  the  economic  benefits  required  to  settle  a  provision  are  expected  to  be  received  from  a  third  party, 
the receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable 
can be measured reliably.

Lease Assets
The Group leases certain property, plant and equipment. A lease is classified as a finance lease if it transfers substantially all the risks 
and rewards incidental to ownership to the Group. Other leases are classified as operating leases.

Finance lease assets are capitalised at the lease’s commencement at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and the present 
value of the minimum lease payments.

Operating Leases
Operating  lease  payments  are  recognised  as  an  expense  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  lease  term. The  difference  between 
the amounts recognised as an expense and the contractual payments are recognised as an operating lease liability.

122

Foreign Currencies
Transactions in currencies, other than the functional currency of the relevant subsidiary, are initially recorded at the rates of exchange 
ruling on the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets or liabilities denominated in such other currencies are translated at the rates 
ruling at the Statement of Financial Position date. Profits or losses arising on exchange are recorded in the Statement of Comprehensive 
Income. In order to hedge its exposure to foreign exchange risks, the Group may enter into forward contracts. On consolidation, the 
assets or liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations are translated into Pounds Sterling at exchange rates ruling at the Statement of 
Financial Position date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. Exchange differences 
arising from the translation of foreign operations are classified as equity and are recognised as income or expenses in the period in 
which the operation is disposed of. Translation differences on foreign loans to subsidiaries which are classified as equity loans are also 
accounted for as equity.

Inventories
Inventories include the gold bullion on hand, PGM concentrate, gold or PGM in process and consumable stores.

Bullion on hand and PGM concentrate are valued at the lower of cost, determined on a weighted-average basis, and net realisable 
value. Costs include direct mining costs and mine overheads.

Gold or PGM in process inventories represent materials that are currently in the process of being converted to a saleable gold or 
PGM product. The gold or PGM in process inventories are valued only if they are reliably measurable and are valued at the average 
cost of the material fed to process plus the in-process conversion costs.

Consumable  stores  are  valued  at  the  lower  of  cost,  determined  on  a  weighted  average  basis,  and  estimated  net  realisable  value. 
Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, 
selling  and  distribution.  Obsolete  and  slow-moving  consumable  stores  are  identified  and  are  written  down  to  their  economic  or 
realisable values

Retirement and Pension Benefits
Payments  to  defined  contribution  retirement  benefit  plans  are  charged  as  an  expense  as  they  fall  due.  Payments  made  to  state-
managed schemes are dealt with as defined contribution plans where the Group’s obligations under the schemes are equivalent to 
those arising in a defined contribution retirement benefit plan and are charged as an expense as they fall due.

Post-Retirement Benefits Other Than Pension
Historically,  Barberton  Mines  provided  retirement  benefits  by  way  of  medical  aid  scheme  contributions  for  certain  employees. 
The  practice  has  been  discontinued  for  some  years. The  net  present  value  of  estimated  future  costs  of  company  contributions 
towards medical aid schemes for these retirees is recorded as a provision on the Group Statement of Financial Position. The provision 
is reviewed annually with movements in the provision recorded in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Equity Participation Plan
Equity-settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date. The fair 
value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting 
period, based on the Group’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. At each Statement of Financial Position date, the 
Group revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, 
if any, is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with 
corresponding adjustments to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.

Cash Participation Plan
Cash-settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the cash instruments at the grant date. The fair 
value determined at the grant date of the cash-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting 
period, based on the Company’s estimate of cash instruments that will eventually vest. At each Statement of Financial Position date, the 
Company revises its estimate of the number of cash instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, 
if any, is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with 
corresponding adjustments to the cash-settled employee benefits liability.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 123

Notes to the Financial Statements: Accounting 
Policies and Financial Reporting Terms Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

Provision for Environmental Rehabilitation Costs
Long-term  environmental  obligations  are  based  on  Barberton  Mines  and  Phoenix  Platinum  environmental  plans,  in  compliance 
with current environmental and regulatory requirements. The provision is based on the net present value of the estimated cost of 
restoring the environmental disturbance that has occurred up to the Statement of Financial Position date. Increases due to additional 
environmental disturbances are capitalised and amortised over the remaining lives of the mines. The estimated cost of rehabilitation is 
reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate for changes in legislation or technology. Cost estimates are not reduced by the potential 
proceeds from the sale of assets or from plant clean up at closure.

Contributions to Rehabilitation Trust
Contributions are made to a dedicated environmental rehabilitation trust to fund the estimated cost of rehabilitation during and at the 
end of the life of the Group’s mines. The trust’s assets are recognised separately on the Statement of Financial Position as non-current 
assets at fair value. Interest earned on funds invested in the environmental rehabilitation trust is accrued on a time : proportion basis 
and credited to the provision for environmental rehabilitation costs.

Provision for Closure Costs
The Group provides for closure costs, other than rehabilitation costs, if any, when the Directors have prepared a detailed plan for 
closure of the particular operation, the remaining life of which is such that significant changes to the plan are unlikely, and the Directors 
have raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out the closure by starting to implement that plan or announcing its 
main features to those affected by it.

Revenue Recognition
Sales represents the value of minerals sold, excluding value-added tax, and is recognised when goods are delivered and risk and reward 
has passed, and is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, 
by reference to the principal outstanding and at the interest rates applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future 
cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount. Dividend income from investments 
is recognised when the shareholders’ rights to receive payment have been established. Revenue is recognised when the buyer takes 
title, provided that:
(a) it is probable that delivery will be made;
(b) the item is on hand, identified and ready for delivery to the buyer at the time the sale is recognised;
(c) the buyer specifically acknowledges the deferred delivery instructions; and
(d) the usual payment terms apply.

Loans and Receivables
Trade receivables, loans and other receivables that have fixed or determinable payments and that are not quoted in an active market 
are classed as loans and receivables. Loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
impairment if necessary. Interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate, except for short-term receivables, when 
the recognition of interest will be immaterial.

Impairment of Financial Assets
Financial assets, other than those at Fair Value Through Profit and Loss (‘FVTPL’), are assessed for indicators of impairment at each 
Statement of Financial Position date. Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more 
events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have been 
negatively impacted.

Derecognition of Financial Assets
The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers 
the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownerships of the asset to another entity. If the Group neither transfers 
nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Group recognises 
its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Group retains substantially all the risks 
and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Group continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a 
collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

124

Financial Liabilities and Equity Instruments Issued by the Group
Classification as Debt or Equity

Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual 
arrangement.

Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity 
instruments issued by the Group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or ‘other financial liabilities’.

Financial Liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL where the financial liability is either held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:
•  It has been incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing in the near future; or
•   It is part of an identified portfolio of financial instruments that the Group manages together and has a recent actual pattern of 

short-term profit-taking; or

•   It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability, other than a financial liability held for trading, may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:
•   Such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that will otherwise arise; or
•   The financial liability forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance 
is  evaluated  on  a  fair  value  basis,  in  accordance  with  the  Group’s  documented  risk  management  or  investment  strategy,  and 
information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or

•   It  forms  part  of  a  contract  containing  one  or  more  embedded  derivatives,  and  IAS  39  Financial  Instruments:  Recognition  and 

Measurement, permits the entire combined contract (asset or liability) to be designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any resultant gain or loss recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss 
recognised  in  profit  or  loss  incorporates  any  interest  paid  on  the  financial  liability. The  Group  has  no  financial  liabilities  classified  
as FVTPL.

Other Financial Liabilities

Other  financial  liabilities  are  initially  valued  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest 
method, with interest recognised on an effective yield basis.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over 
the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that discounts the estimated future cash payments through the expected life 
of the financial liability or, where appropriate, a shorter period.

Derecognition of Financial Liabilities

The Group derecognises financial liabilities only when the Group’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired.

Derivative Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of its operations, the Group may enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure 
to commodity prices, volatility of interest rates and foreign exchange rate risk.

Derivatives are initially recognised at cost at the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their 
fair value at each Statement of Financial Position date. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in Statement of Comprehensive Income 
immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in 

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 125

Notes to the Financial Statements: Accounting 
Policies and Financial Reporting Terms Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

Statement of Comprehensive Income depends on the nature of the hedge relationship. A derivative is presented as a non-current 
asset or a non-current liability if the remaining maturity of the instrument is more than 12 months and it is not expected to be realised 
or settled within 12 months. Other derivatives are presented as current assets or current liabilities.

Hedge Accounting
The Group may designate certain hedging instruments, which include derivatives, embedded derivatives and non-derivatives in respect 
of foreign currency risk, as either fair value hedges, cash flow hedges, or hedges of net investments in foreign operations. Hedges of 
foreign exchange risk or firm commitments are accounted for as cash flow hedges. At the inception of the hedge relationship, the 
entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives 
and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the 
Group documents whether the hedging instrument that is used in a hedging relationship is effective in offsetting changes in fair values 
or cash flows of the hedged item.

Fair Value Hedge
Changes in the fair value of any derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in profit or loss immediately, 
together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged item that are attributable to the hedged risk. The change in the fair value 
of  the  hedging  instrument  and  the  change  in  the  hedged  item  attributable  to  the  hedged  risk  are  recognised  in  the  line  of  the 
Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income  relating  to  the  hedged  item.  Hedge  accounting  is  discontinued  when  the  Group  revokes 
the hedging relationship, the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. 
The adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to profit or loss from that date.

Cash Flow Hedge
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of any derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are deferred in 
equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in profit or loss, and is included in the ‘other gains 
and losses’ line of the Statement of Comprehensive Income. Amounts deferred in equity are recycled in profit or loss in the periods 
when the hedged item is recognised in profit or loss, in the same line of the Statement of Comprehensive Income as the recognised 
hedged item. However, when the forecast transaction that is hedged results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial 
liability, the gains or losses previously deferred in equity are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost 
of the asset or liability. Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Group revokes the hedging relationships, the hedging instrument 
expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any cumulative gain or loss deferred in equity 
at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in profit or loss. When a forecast 
transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was deferred in equity is recognised immediately in profit 
or loss.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash-on-hand  and  demand  deposits,  and  other  short-term  highly-liquid  investments  that  are 
readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Non-Current Assets Held-For-Sale
A non-current asset is designated as held-for-sale when its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather 
than through continuing use and the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition and the sale is highly probable. A sale 
is considered highly probable if management is committed to a plan to sell the non-current asset, an active divestiture programme has 
been initiated, the non-current assets is marketed at a price reasonable to its fair value and the disposal is expected to be completed 
within one year from classification. Non-current assets held-for-sale are stated at lower of carrying value and fair value less cost to sell 
and are reviewed for impairment at each subsequent reporting date.

At the time of classification as held-for-sale, these assets are reviewed for impairment. The impairment charged to the income statement 
is the excess of the carrying value of the non-current asset and its expected net selling price (fair value less costs to sell). At each 
subsequent reporting date, the carrying values are reassessed for possible impairment. A reversal of impairment is recognised for any 
subsequent increase in net selling price but not in excess of the cumulative impairment loss already recognised. No depreciation is 
provided on non-current assets from the date they are classified as held-for-sale.

126

Segment Reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. 
The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, 
has  been  identified  as  the  Pan African  Resources  Executive  Committee.  Management  has  determined  the  operating  segments  of 
the Group based on the reports reviewed by the Executive Committee that are used to make strategic decisions. The Executive 
Committee  considers  the  business  principally  according  to  the  nature  of  the  products  and  service  provided,  with  the  segment 
representing  a  strategic  business  unit. The  reportable  operating  segments  derive  their  revenue  primarily  from  mining,  extraction, 
production and selling of gold and PGMs.

3  CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS
In  preparing  the  annual  financial  statements  in  terms  of  IFRS,  the  Group’s  management  is  required  to  make  certain  judgements, 
estimates and assumptions that may materially affect reported amounts of assets or liabilities at the date of the financial statements 
and the reported amounts of revenue or expense during the reported year and the related disclosures. The estimates and judgements 
are based on historical experience, current and expected future economic conditions and other factors. Actual results may differ from 
these estimates.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements Made by Management
The following judgements, that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements, have been made 
by management in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies:
•   Estimates made in determining the present obligation of environmental provisions including decommissioning and rehabilitation 

(this includes the scope and timing of work required, the related costs and the discount rate used);

•   Estimates made in determining the recoverable amount of assets, this includes the estimation of cash flows and the discount rates 

used (including future production levels, commodity price and costs);

•   Estimates made in determining the life of the mines;
•   The Life of Mine is determined from development plans based on mine management’s estimates and includes total mineral reserve 
and a portion of the mineral resource. These plans are updated from time to time and take into consideration the actual current 
cost of extraction, as well as certain forward projections. These projections are reviewed by the Board;

•   Estimates made of legal or constructive obligations resulting in the raising of provisions, and the expected date of probable outflow 

of economic benefits to assess whether the provision should be discounted;

•   Estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves in accordance with the SAMREC Code (2000) for South African properties. Such 

estimates relate to the category for the resource (measured, indicated or inferred), the quantum and the grade;

•   Estimates of the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets;
•   Estimates of the fair value of assets at acquisition are made in accordance with IFRS and take into account the replacement value 

of assets; and

•   Estimates involved in feasibility studies related to exploration and growth projects and hence the recoverability of any related capital 

expenditure.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 127

Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

Revenue
Gold sales
Finance income

Cost of Production
Salaries and wages
Mining
Processing
Engineering and technical services
Electricity
Security
Administration and Other

Group
£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

Company
£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 101,068,596 
 652,267 

 101,720,863 

 (22,477,760)
 (6,026,400)
 (4,081,816)
 (4,070,486)
 (5,114,015)
 (2,393,207)
 (1,959,127)

 79,208,399 
 802,022 

 80,010,421 

 (20,926,658)
 (6,364,329)
 (4,757,202)
 (3,702,615)
 (4,445,681)
 (3,034,428)
 (2,114,504)

 (46,122,811)

 (45,345,417)

 – 
 551,154 

 551,154 

 –
 772,957

 772,957

 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –

 –

Segmental Analysis
 A segment is a distinguishable component of the Group that is engaged in providing products or services in a particular business 
sector (business segment) which is subject to risk and rewards that are different to those of other segments. The Group’s business 
activities were conducted through three business segments: Barberton Mines, the Group’s corporate and exploration activities 
and Phoenix Platinum Mining. The Chief Executive Officer reviews the operations in accordance with the disclosures presented 
below:

30 June 2012

30 June 2011

 Barberton 
Mines 
 £ 

 Phoenix
Platinum* 
 £ 

 Corporate
 and
Growth
 Projects 
 £ 

 Group
 £

 Barberton
Mines 
 £ 

 Phoenix
 Platinum* 
 £ 

 Corporate
 and 
Growth
 Projects 
 £ 

 Group 
 £ 

Revenue
Gold sales***
Realisation costs

On-mine revenue
Cost of production
Depreciation

Mining profit
Other expenses**
Impairment costs
Royalty costs

Net income/(loss) before finance 
income and finance costs
Finance income
Finance costs

Profit/(loss) before taxation
Taxation 

 101,068,596 
 (163,217)

 100,905,379 
 (46,122,811)
 (3,259,010)

 51,523,558 
 (1,484,792)
 (48,238)
 (3,848,450)

 46,142,078 
 96,202 
 (136,765)

 46,101,515 
 (13,058,128)

 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 –   101,068,596
 (163,217)
 – 

 79,208,399 
 (157,763)

 –   100,905,379
 (46,122,811)
 – 
 (3,259,010)
 – 

 79,050,636 
 (45,345,417)
 (2,885,243)

 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 79,208,399 
 (157,763)

 79,050,636 
 (45,345,417)
 (2,885,243)

 – 
 (59,957)
 – 
 – 

 – 
 (4,371,478)
 – 
 – 

 51,523,558
 (5,916,227)
 (48,238)
 (3,848,450)

 30,819,976 
 (288,930)
 – 
 (2,368,239)

 – 
 (12,943)
 – 
 – 

 – 
 (2,494,784)
 – 
 – 

 30,819,976 
 (2,796,657)
 – 
 (2,368,239)

 (59,957)
 4,911 
 – 

 (4,371,478)
 551,154 
 – 

 41,710,643
 652,267
 (136,765)

 28,162,807 
 29,065 
 (40,128)

 (55,046)
 73,617 

 (3,820,324)
 – 

 42,226,145
 (12,984,511)

 28,151,744 
 (9,251,933)

 (12,943)
 – 
 – 

 (12,943)
 3,624 

 (2,494,784)
 772,957 
 – 

 25,655,080 
 802,022 
 (40,128)

 (1,721,827)
 – 

 26,416,974 
 (9,248,309)

Profit/(loss) after taxation

 33,043,387 

 18,571 

 (3,820,324)

 29,241,634

 18,899,811 

 (9,319)

 (1,721,827)

 17,168,665 

Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation differences 

Total comprehensive income/(loss) for 
the year

 (3,840,331)

 550,605 

 (6,958,325)  (10,248,051)

 1,737,540 

 269,848 

 1,807,289 

 3,814,677 

 29,203,056 

 569,176 

 (10,778,649)

 18,993,583

 20,637,351 

 260,529 

 85,462 

 20,983,342 

Costs directly attributable to Phoenix Platinum, along with attributable overheads, are capitalised to capital under construction.

* 
**  Other expenses exclude inter-company management fees and dividends.
***  All gold sales were made in RSA and the majority of revenue generated was to a single customer.

4

5

6 

128

 
30 June 2012

30 June 2011

 Barberton 
Mines 
 £ 

 Phoenix
Platinum* 
 £ 

 Corporate
 and
Growth
 Projects 
 £ 

 Group
 £

 Barberton
Mines 
 £ 

 Phoenix
 Platinum* 
 £ 

 Corporate
 and 
Growth
 Projects 
 £ 

 Group 
 £ 

6

Segmental Analysis continued
Segmental Assets (Total assets 
excluding goodwill)
Segmental Liabilities
Goodwill
Net Assets (excluding goodwill)
Capital Expenditure

 48,864,455 
 23,552,791 
 – 
 25,311,664 
 10,739,237 

 19,617,673 
 275,378 
 – 
 19,342,295 
 6,672,468 

 38,206,637   106,688,765  43,333,140 
 25,063,824  20,212,973 
 1,235,655 
 21,000,714
 – 
 – 
 81,624,941  23,120,167 
 36,970,982 
 17,424,906
 13,202 
 6,773,729 

 16,990,521 
 1,556,006 
 – 
 15,434,515 
 14,079,722 

 31,791,590 
 600,876 
 – 
 31,190,714 
 180,540 

 92,115,251 
 22,369,855 
 21,000,714 
 69,745,396 
 21,033,991 

All assets are held within South Africa with the exception of £13.1 million (2011: £10.7 million) relating to Manica which is held in Mozambique.

7  Operating leases

 At the financial year end, the Group and Company had outstanding commitments under non-cancellable operating leases mainly 
in respect of office equipment, security cameras, building rentals and compressors which fall due as follows:

Not later than one year
Later than one year and no later than five years 
Later than five years 

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 125,066 
 211,447 
 – 

 194,641 
 381,925 
 – 

 99,221 
 192,256 
 – 

 336,513 

 576,566 

 291,477 

 108,451
 344,077
 –

 452,528

Minimum lease payments under operating leases 
recognised as an expense in the year:

 135,073 

 226,374 

 87,684 

 48,532

Leases are negotiated for an average term of three to five years. The current lease agreement increases by 8% annually.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 129

 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

8 Other (Expenses)/Income

Dividends received – subsidiaries
Management fees
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)
Operating leases
Non-mining depreciation
Non-Executive Directors’ fees
Executive Directors’ fees
Equity settled share option expense
Auditor’s fees
Salaries corporate office 
Investor and public relations
New business
Cash settled share option expense
Legal fees
Community projects
Other net (expense)/income

9

Finance Income/(Costs)
Interest received – Bank
Interest paid – Bank

10 Profit Before Taxation

 Group 

 Company

30 June 2012
£

30 June 2011
£

30 June 2012
£

30 June 2011
£

 – 
 – 
 850,775 
 (135,073)
 (57,617)
 (205,120)
 (363,638)
 (43,452)
 (141,692)
 (1,301,623)
 (229,683)
 (1,629,808)
 (775,049)
 (116,943)
 (1,183,416)
 (583,888)

 – 
 – 
 (40,366)
 (226,374)
 (25,416)
 (156,328)
 (684,585)
 (107,056)
 (119,549)
 (764,356)
 (218,886)
 (266,969)
 (68,414)
 (186,074)
 (228,145)
 295,861 

 24,500,396 
 1,486,277 
 850,775 
 (87,684)
 (46,985)
 (205,120)
 (363,638)
 (14,558)
 (85,574)
 (1,301,623)
 (229,683)
 (1,629,808)
 (425,430)
 (76,313)
 (9,378)
 (716,942)

 21,650,960
 1,306,054
 (40,366)
 (48,532)
 (25,416)
 (243,445)
 (684,585)
 (38,066)
 (72,999)
 (764,356)
 (218,886)
 (266,969)
 (26,919)
 (60,368)
 (5,385)
 11,153

 (5,916,227)

 (2,796,657)

 21,644,712 

 20,471,875

 652,267 
 (136,765)

 515,502 

 802,022 
 (40,128)

 761,894 

 551,154 
 – 

 551,154 

 772,957
 –

 772,957

Profit before taxation has been arrived at after charging:
Management fee expense/(income)
– Shanduka
– Barberton Mines
– Phoenix Platinum
Equity settled share option expense (refer to note 33)
Cash settled share options expense (refer to note 27)
Depreciation
Impairment costs
Staff costs
Royalty costs
Operating leases

11 Auditor’s Remuneration

Fees payable to the Company’s auditors for the audit 
of the Company’s annual financial statements
Audit of the consolidated financial statements
Audit of the Company’s subsidiaries pursuant to 
legislation
Under/(over) provision of audit fee in the prior year

 77,887 
 – 
 – 
 43,452 
775,049
 3,316,627 
 48,238 
 23,779,383 
 3,848,450 
 135,073 

 81,761 
 – 
 – 
 107,056 
 68,414 
 2,885,243 
 – 
 21,691,014 
 2,368,239 
 226,374 

 – 
(1,241,823)
(244,453)
 14,558 
425,430
 46,985 
 – 
 1,301,623 
 – 
 87,684 

 12,077 
 58,824 

 56,118 
 8,496 

 10,500 
 68,965 

 46,551 
 (7,817)

 12,077 
 58,824 

 – 
 8,496 

Total audit fees

 135,515 

 118,199 

 79,397 

Other services rendered by the auditors

Total non-audit fees

 6,177 

 6,177 

 1,351 

 1,351 

 6,177 

 6,177 

 –
(1,306,054)
 –
 38,066
 26,919
 25,416
 –
 764,356
 –
 48,532

 10,500
 68,965

 –
 (7,817)

 71,648

 1,351

 1,351

All fees are paid to Deloitte South Africa with the exception of £32,000 (2011: £28,624) which is paid to Deloitte LLP (UK).

130

12 Staff Costs

The average number of employees were:
Corporate and Growth Projects
Mining 

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:
Salaries and wages
Other retirement costs (refer to note 30)

13 Taxation

Income tax expense
South African normal taxation
– current year
– prior year
Deferred taxation
– current year

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 15 
 1,820 

 1,835 

 11 
 1,757 

 1,768 

 12 
 – 

 12 

 22,302,552 
 1,476,831 

 20,227,325 
 1,463,689 

 1,253,599 
 48,024 

 23,779,383 

 21,691,014 

 1,301,623 

 11,134,846 
 – 

 8,151,100 
 10,421 

 1,849,665 

 1,086,788 

 – 
 – 

 – 

10
 –

 10

 737,120
 27,236

 764,356

 –
 –

 –

Total taxation charge
Profit before taxation
Taxation at the South African taxation rate of 28% 
Non-deductible expenses/(exempt income)
Taxation rate differential
Tax effect of utilisation of tax losses

 12,984,511 
 42,226,145 
 11,823,321 
 12,167 
 1,149,023 
 – 

 9,248,309 
 26,416,974 
 7,396,753 
 29,976 
 1,821,580 
 – 

 – 
 22,195,866 
 6,214,842 
 (6,169,150)
 – 
 (45,692)

 –
 21,244,832
 5,948,553
 (5,917,782)
 –
 (30,771)

Taxation expense for the year

 12,984,511 

 9,248,309 

Effective taxation rates
Statutory rate
Taxation rate differential
Non-deductible expenses/(exempt income)
Tax effect of utilisation of tax losses

Effective taxation rate

 % 
28.00
2.72
0.03
–

30.75

 % 
28.00
6.90
0.11
–

35.01

 – 

 % 
28.00
–
(27.79)
(0.21)

0.00

 –

 %
28.00
–
(27.86)
(0.14)

0.00

There are no significant unrecognised temporary differences associated with undistributed profits of subsidiaries. South African 
mining tax on mining income is determined according to a formula which takes into account the profit and revenue from mining 
operations. South African mining taxable income is determined after the deduction of all mining capital expenditure with the 
proviso that this cannot result in an assessed loss. Capital expenditure amounts not deducted are carried forward as unredeemed 
capital expenditure to be deducted from future mining income. The Group has £12 million unredeemed capital carried forward, 
deductible against future profits.

During the year under review South Africa’s gold mining income tax formula was reduced upon the introduction of withholding 
tax on dividends that replaced the secondary tax on companies resulting in the effective tax rate of Barberton Mines decreasing 
to 29.1% (2011: 34.5%).

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 131

Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

14  Earnings Per Share

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
 Basic and diluted earnings per share are based on the Group’s profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent, divided by 
the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

30 June 2012
Weighted
average 
number of
shares

Net profit 
£

Earnings 
per share
(Pence)

Net profit 
£

30 June 2011
Weighted
average 
number of
shares

From continuing operations
Basic EPS
Share options

 29,241,634   1,445,202,485 
 8,085,456 

 – 

 2.02 
 (0.01)

 17,168,665   1,432,666,738 
 6,157,835 

 – 

Diluted EPS

 29,241,634   1,453,287,941 

 2.01 

 17,168,665   1,438,824,573 

Earnings 
per share
(Pence)

 1.20
 (0.01)

 1.19

Headline Earnings Per Share
Headline earnings per share is based on the Group’s headline earnings divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue 
during the year.

Reconciliation between earnings and headline earnings from continuing operations:

Earnings 
per share
(Pence)

1.20

0.00

0.00

30 June 2012
Weighted
average 
number of
shares

Net profit 
£

Earnings 
per share
(Pence)

Net profit 
£

30 June 2011
Weighted
average 
number of
shares

 29,241,634   1,445,202,485 

 2.02 

 17,168,665   1,432,666,738 

Earnings as reported
Adjustments:
Impairment costs
Loss on disposal of property, 
plant and equipment

 48,238 

 17,922 

 –   1,432,666,738 

 –   1,432,666,738 

 0.01 

 0.00 

 2.03 
 (0.01)

Headline earnings per share*
Share options

 29,307,794   1,445,202,485 
 8,085,456

–

 17,168,665   1,432,666,738 
 6,157,835 

–

 1.20
 (0.01)

Diluted headline earnings per 
share

 29,307,794   1,453,287,941 

 2.02 

 17,168,665   1,438,824,573 

 1.19

*   Headline earnings per share is required to be disclosed in terms of the Listing Requirements of the JSE Limited.

Net asset value per share 
Tangible net asset value per 
share*

* 

(Total assets less goodwill, non-current assets held for sale, non-current liabilities and current liabilities).

Group

(Pence)
30 June 2012

(Pence)
30 June 2011

7.09

4.73

6.28

3.85

132

 
 
15  Dividends

 The Board of Directors has recommended that no dividend be declared for the year ended 30 June 2012 (2011: final dividend 
of 0.5135p paid). This is due to the purchase of Evander Gold Mines (Pty) Limited which requires significant cash funding from 
Pan African Resources PLC (refer to note 36).

16  Property, Plant and Equipment and Mineral Rights

Mineral
Rights and
 Mining
Property
£

Building 
and
 Infra-
structure
£

Plant 
and
Machinery
£

Capital
Under
Construc-

tion*****
£

Shafts 
and
Explor-
ation
£

Land*
£

Other
£

Total
£

Group
Cost
Balance at 30 June 2010
Transfer from other 
intangible assets***
Additions
Foreign currency translation 
reserve

Balance at 30 June 2011
Transfer from other 
intangible assets***
Additions
Disposal
Impairment**
Foreign currency translation 
reserve
Re-classified as non-current 
assets held for sale

 30,342 

 11,918,925 

 1,770,650 

 14,463,133 

 – 

 26,395,892 

 48,341 

 54,627,283

 – 
 – 

 1,061,675 
 8,019,557 

 – 
 124,366 

 – 
 2,317,359 

 – 
 6,056,098 

 – 
 4,332,003 

 – 
 184,608 

 1,061,675
 21,033,991

 1,648 

 826,948 

 98,054 

 820,725 

 92,121 

 1,499,424 

 9,028 

 3,347,948

 31,990 

 21,827,105 

 1,993,070 

 17,601,217 

 6,148,219 

 32,227,319 

 241,977 

 80,070,897

 – 
 170,041 
 – 
 – 

 120,885 
 814,845 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 263,455 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 2,544,706 
 (18,876)
 (48,238)

 – 
 9,938,461 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 3,603,515 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 89,883 
 – 
 – 

 120,885
 17,424,906
 (18,876)
 (48,238)

 (13,332)

 (4,208,205)

 (317,765)

 (2,813,744)  (1,433,315)

 (5,105,568)

 (41,454)  (13,933,383)

 – 

 – 

 – 

 (742,089)

 – 

 – 

 – 

 (742,089)

Balance at 30 June 2012

 188,699 

 18,554,630 

 1,938,760 

 16,522,976 

 14,653,365 

 30,725,266 

 290,406 

 82,874,102

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 133

 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

16 Property, Plant and 

Equipment and Mineral 
Rights continued
Accumulated Depreciation
Balance at 30 June 2010
Charge for the year
Foreign currency translation 
reserve

Balance at 30 June 2011
Charge for the year****
Disposal
Reclassified as non-current 
assets held for sale
Foreign currency translation 
reserve

Balance at 30 June 2012

Carrying amount
At 30 June 2011

At 30 June 2012

Cost
Balance at 30 June 2010
Additions
Foreign currency translation 
reserve

Balance at 30 June 2011
Additions
Transfer from other 
intangible assets***
Foreign currency translation 
reserve

Balance at 30 June 2012

Mineral
Rights and
 Mining
Property
£

Building 
and
 Infra-
structure
£

Plant 
and
Machinery
£

Capital
Under
Construc-

tion*****
£

Shafts 
and
Explor-
ation
£

Land*
£

Other
£

Total
£

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 (2,859,008)
 (203,797)

 (815,807)
 (65,287)

 (4,951,978)
 (1,373,257)

 (158,369)

 (45,299)

 (289,825)

 (3,221,174)
 (264,219)
 – 

 (926,393)
 (57,985)
 – 

 (6,615,060)
 (1,674,409)
 954 

 – 

 – 

 446,047 

 505,546 

 144,498 

 1,142,580 

 (2,979,847)

 (839,880)

 (6,699,888)

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 (8,486,981)
 (1,242,902)

 (18,499)  (17,132,273)
 (2,910,659)
 (25,416)

 (479,823)

 (2,634)

 (975,950)

 (10,209,706)
 (1,262,397)
 – 

 (46,549)  (21,018,882)
 (3,316,627)
 (57,617)
 954
 – 

 – 

 – 

 446,047

 1,623,460 

 9,977 

 3,426,061

 (9,848,643)

 (94,189)  (20,462,447)

 31,990 

 18,605,931 

 1,066,677 

 10,986,157 

 6,148,219 

 22,017,613 

 195,428 

 59,052,015

 188,699 

 15,574,783 

 1,098,880 

 9,823,088 

 14,653,365 

 20,876,623 

 196,217 

 62,411,655

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 46,141 
 181,183 

 46,141
 181,183

 8,882 

 8,882

 236,206 
 13,202 

 236,206
 13,202

 – 

 –

 (39,114)

 (39,114)

 210,294 

 210,294

134

Mineral
Rights and
 Mining
Property
£

Building 
and
 Infra-
structure
£

Plant 
and
Machinery
£

Capital
Under
Construc-

tion*****
£

Shafts 
and
Explor-
ation
£

Land*
£

Other
£

Total
£

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 

 (18,499)
 (25,416)

 (18,499)
 (25,416)

 (2,634)

 (2,634)

 (46,549)
 (46,985)

 (46,549)
 (46,985)

 9,449 

 9,449

 – 

 (84,085)

 (84,085)

 – 

 – 

 189,657 

 189,657

 126,209 

 126,209

16 Property, Plant and 

Equipment and Mineral 
Rights continued
Accumulated Depreciation
Balance at 30 June 2010
Charge for the year
Foreign currency translation 
reserve

Balance at 30 June 2011
Charge for the year
Foreign currency translation 
reserve

Balance at 30 June 2012

Carrying amount
At 30 June 2011

At 30 June 2012

* 

** 

*** 

 Details of land are maintained in a register held at the offices of Barberton Mines, which may be inspected by a member or their duly authorised agents. The Group 
reviews the residual values used for purposes of depreciation calculations annually.

 The final impairment of the Segalla Plant held at Barberton Mines, refer to note 35.

 Reclassification of Phoenix exploration expenditures from exploration and evaluation assets to property, plant and equipment as per IFRS6 (‘Exploration for and 
evaluation of mineral resources’) due to technical feasibility and commercial viability of the project being demonstrated (refer to note 17).

****   The direct mining depreciation, excluding other depreciation, totals £3,259,010 (2011: £2,885,243) as reflected and disclosed in Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

The other depreciation which is not mining related of £57,617 (2011: £25,416) is now reflected in Other (expenses)/income in note 8.

***** Capital under construction refers to capital spent on the Phoenix and the Barberton treatment plants.

17 Other Intangible Assets

Exploration and evaluation assets
Balance at 30 June 2010
Exploration expenditure
Transfer to property, plant and equipment and mineral rights 
Foreign currency translation reserve

Balance at 30 June 2011
Exploration expenditure
Transfer to property, plant and equipment and mineral rights 
Foreign currency translation reserve
Transfer to assets held for sale*

Balance at 30 June 2012

* 

 The exploration and evaluation assets transferred to non-current assets held for sale relate to the Manica Project in Mozambique.

Group
£
30 June 2012

 13,087,880
 800,619
 (1,061,675)
 1,387,602

 14,214,426
 505,273
 (120,885)
 (1,711,403)
 (12,887,411)

–

note 16

note 16

note 35

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 135

 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

18 Goodwill

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is 
allocated at acquisition to the cash generating units 
that are expected to benefit from that business 
combination.

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

Goodwill

 21,000,714 

 21,000,714 

 – 

 –

The Group tests the goodwill carrying amount annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indications that goodwill 
may be impaired. The goodwill carrying amount is not considered to be impaired and the review was performed in accordance 
with the Group’s accounting policies.

The recoverable amounts of the CGUs are determined from value-in-use calculations. The key assumptions for the value-in-use 
calculations are those regarding the discount rates, growth rates and expected changes to selling prices and direct costs during 
the period. Management estimates the discount rate using post-tax rate of 11.88% (2011: 12.10%) for Barberton Mines which 
reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGUs to the extent not already 
reflected in the cash flows being discounted, an average gold price of US$1,492 and an exchange rate of ZAR8.34 to the Dollar 
over the life of projects. The life of project was estimated at 17 years for Barberton Mine. Changes in selling prices and direct costs 
are based on past practices and expectations of future changes in the market.

19 Investments

Investments

Company
£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 50,101,244 

 53,259,921

At 30 June 2012 the Company held the following shares in subsidiary undertakings:

Name of undertaking

Barberton Mines (Pty) Limited
Explorator Limitada*
Mistral Resource Development 
Corporation*
Brampton Capital Overseas 
Limited*
Phoenix Platinum Mining (Pty) 
Limited
Emerald Panther Investments 91 
(Pty) Limited**

Country of 
incorporation

Principal 
activity

South Africa
Mozambique 

Gold Mining
Exploration 

British Virgin Isles

Exploration 

British Virgin Isles

Exploration 

Proportion 
of capital
effectively held 
by Company

100%
100%

100%

100%

Carrying 
amount 
2012

Carrying 
amount 
2011

 45,770,663 
 – 

 45,770,663
 88,972

 – 

 – 

 584,705

 2,485,000

South Africa

Platinum Mining

100%

 4,330,581 

 4,330,581

South Africa

Shelf Company

100%

 – 

 –

 50,101,244 

 53,259,921

*  Transferred to non-current assets held for sale during the financial year under review

**   Emerald Panther Investments 91 (Pty) Limited is a shelf company acquired to facilitate the acquisition of Evander Gold Mines Limited from Harmony (refer to note 36).

136

20 Rehabilitation Trust Fund

Funds held in trust fund (refer to note 26)

 2,662,934 

 3,013,385 

21 Inventories

Consumable stores
Mineral stocks
Provision for obsolete stock

22 Trade and Other Receivables

Trade receivables
Other receivables and prepayments
VAT receivable
Deposit*

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 1,964,622 
 9,116 
 (105,003)

 1,555,693 
 – 
 (98,491)

 1,868,735 

 1,457,202 

 – 

 – 
–
 – 

 – 

–

 – 
–
 – 

 – 

 4,176,485 
 249,253 
 853,530 
 1,548,779 

 1,880,730 
 624,948 
 1,748,723 
 – 

 17,977 
 54,463 
 – 
 1,548,779 

 49,400
 71,600
 –
 –

 6,828,047 

 4,254,401 

 1,621,219 

 121,000

* 

 The deposit relates to a non-refundable amount paid to Harmony 
as a ‘break fee’ with regards to the Evander Gold Mines (Pty) 
Limited acquisition (refer to note 36). This payment will be 
deducted off the purchase price payable on completion as per 
the acquisition agreement.

The average credit period is:
Number of days

15

9

The ageing of trade receivables is current and is consistent with that of the prior year. No balances are past due or impaired.

No interest is charged on trade receivables.

Before accepting any new customers, the Group uses a credit bureau or performs a credit assessment to assess the potential 
customer’s credit limit and credit quality. The Group only transacts with credit worthy customers and large institutions within 
South Africa.

The fair value of trade receivables is not materially different from the carrying value presented. No receivables have been pledged 
as security.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 137

Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

23 Cash and Cash Equivalents

 Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash held by the Group and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three 
months or less. The carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value.

Cash and cash equivalents
Credit facilities
The Group has the following credit facilities at 
30 June 2012:
Nedbank Limited revolving credit facility*
Absa Bank Limited overdraft facility
Guarantee**
Credit card
US$ trading facility***

* 

 The Group has secured a three-year revolving credit facility with 
Nedbank Limited. The facility carries an interest rate of JIBAR plus 
3% and is secured against a portion of Barberton Mines’ fixed 
assets and guaranteed by Pan African Resources and Phoenix 
Platinum. The overdraft facility and asset finance facilities are 
unsecured. The overdraft facility attracts interest at prime in South 
Africa. The Group has not yet utilised the facilities as it has sufficient 
cash on hand.

**   The guarantees relate to £298,345 for Eskom, and £226,122 for 

the DMR.

***  The US$ trading facility relates to facilities held by Barberton Mines 

for the purposes of trading US$ on US$ gold sales.

24 Share Capital
Authorised
2,000,000,000 (2010: 2,000,000,000) ordinary
shares of £0.01 each

Issued and fully paid up 1,448,262,361  
(2011: 1,444,040,711) ordinary shares of £0.01 each

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 19,782,179 

 10,123,822 

 17,812,893 

 11,546,466

11,615,841
 1,587,498 
 1,143,979 
 38,719 
 7,356,700 

 13,712,029 
 1,828,271 
 619,112 
 9,141 
 – 

 – 
77,439
 – 
 – 
 – 

 21,742,737 

 16,168,553 

 77,439 

 –
 –
 –
 –
 –

 –

 20,000,000 

 20,000,000 

 20,000,000 

 20,000,000

 14,482,623 

 14,440,406 

 14,482,623 

 14,440,406

During the period under review the Company announced the issue and allotment of 4,221,650 new ordinary shares in respect 
of share options exercised: 
•  On 28 October 2011 200,000 shares issued to F Chadwick at 7 pence per share.
•  On 24 November 2011 723,650 shares issued to D Negri at 6 pence per share.
•  On 3 April 2012 500,000 shares issued to N Spruijt at 7 pence per share.
•  On 27 April 2012 450,000 shares issued to C Strydom at 7 pence per share. 
•  On 27 April 2012 850,000 shares issued to C Strydom at 5 pence per share. 
•  On 27 April 2012 288,000 shares issued to P Human at 7 pence per share. 
•  On 27 April 2012 850,000 shares issued to P Human at 5 pence per share. 
•  On 27 April 2012 360 000 shares issued to R Le Roux at 7 pence per share.
•  Current number of share options outstanding at 30 June 2012 is 14,282,100 (2011: 18,503,750).

138

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

25 Trade and Other Payables
Trade and other payables
Accruals
VAT payable

 3,140,458 
 4,532,185 
 37,086 

 6,264,168 
 1,868,026 
 61,556 

 166,869 
 681,689 
 38,011 

Total trade and other payables

 7,709,729 

 8,193,750 

 886,569 

 273,730
 233,061
 61,556

 568,347

The average credit period is:
Number of days
The fair value of trade payables is not materially 
different from the carrying value presented.

26 Provisions

Balance at 30 June 2010
Provided during the year
Utilised during the year
Foreign currency translation

Balance at 30 June 2011
Provided during the year
Utilised during the year
Foreign currency translation

Balance at 30 June 2012

Balance at 30 June 2011
Long-term provisions

Balance at 30 June 2012
Long-term provisions

25

50

Group

Company

Decomissioning
and
rehabilitation
£

Decomissioning
and 
rehabilitation
£

Total
£

Total
£

 3,222,780 
 – 
 (11,214)
 175,025 

 3,386,591 
 115,970 
 – 
 (458,607)

 3,222,780 
 – 
 (11,214)
 175,025 

 3,386,591 
 115,970 
 – 
 (458,607)

 3,043,954 

 3,043,954 

 3,386,591 

 3,386,591 

 3,386,591 

 3,386,591 

 3,043,954 

 3,043,954 

 3,043,954 

 3,043,954 

 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 –
 –
 –
 –

 –
 –
 –
 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

Rehabilitation provision
The provision includes the estimate of the costs of decommissioning and the cost of environmental and other remedial work such 
as reclamation costs, close down and restoration and pollution control are made on an annual basis, based on the estimated life 
of the mine, following which payments are made to a rehabilitation trust set up as required by South African Laws and Regulations. 
The  provision  represents  the  net  present  value  of  the  best  estimate  of  the  expenditure  required  to  settle  the  obligation  to 
decommission and rehabilitate environmental disturbances caused by mining operations. These costs are expected to be incurred 
over the 17-year Life of Mine.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 139

Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

27 Long-Term Liabilities

Cash settled share appreciation arrangement*
Opening balance
Expense for the year
Foreign currency translation

Closing balance

Post-retirement benefits
Opening balance
Utilised for the year
Foreign currency translation

Closing balance

Total

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 69,456 
 775,049 
 (46,992)

 797,513 

 111,829 
 (24,586)
 (15,875)

 – 
 68,414 
 1,042 

 69,456 

 115,418 
 (9,710)
 6,121 

 71,368 

 111,829 

 27,329 
 425,430 
 (23,194)

 429,565 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 –
 26,919
 410

 27,329

 –
 –
 –

 –

 868,881 

 181,285 

 429,565 

 27,329

* 

 On 9 May 2011, PAR established a cash settled share appreciation programme entitling selected executives and employees of the PAR Group, as approved by the Board 
of Directors of PAR, to be allocated notional shares in PAR. These notional shares will confer the conditional right on the participant to be paid a cash settlement equal to 
the appreciation in the PAR share price from the date of allocation to the date of surrender or deemed surrender of notional shares. Participation in the share appreciation 
programme  is  subject  to  the  agreement  of  a  selected  participant  and  acceptance  by  said  participant  of  the  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  share  appreciation 
programme.

 The share appreciation settlement will be determined no later than the sixth anniversary of the date that the notional shares were 
allocated. However, the participant can elect, subject to approval by the PAR Remuneration Committee (‘Remco’), to surrender 
his/her notional shares and receive the share appreciation settlement at a date prior to the sixth anniversary date.

 The share appreciation settlement will be regarded as remuneration for income tax purposes and thus will be subject to the 
deduction of PAYE and all other taxes and contributions via the payroll of the relevant PAR Group Company, which are for 
the account of the participant.

 No share appreciation settlement shall be made until after the period, calculated from the date the notional shares were allocated, 
of:
•  two years has elapsed, in which event not more than 25% of the total number of notional shares allocated;
•   three years has elapsed, in which event not more than 50% of the total number of notional shares allocated;
•  four years has elapsed, in which event all of the notional shares allocated; or
•   any lesser amount of notional shares, may be surrendered. Notional shares which a participant is entitled to surrender are 

referred to as ‘surrenderable notional shares’.

 Remuneration Committee may, by resolution, cause any of these dates to be anticipated or, with the consent of the participant 
concerned, postponed to such extent as it may determine.

 The participant is entitled, within a period of 60 days after the date of resignation, to surrender all his/her surrenderable notional 
shares and request the payment of the share appreciation bonus in respect thereof. If the participant is subject to retirement 
(including early retirement approved by the Company after the age of 55 in terms of Company policy), retrenchment, death or 
permanent disability, the participant or the participant’s estate is entitled, within a period of six months after the termination date, 
to surrender all his/her surrenderable notional shares and request the payment of the share appreciation settlement in respect 
thereof.

140

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27  Long-Term Liabilities continued

Details of the notional shares outstanding during the year, in relation to this scheme, are as follows:

PAR cash settled share appreciation arrangements

Outstanding at the beginning of the year
Granted during the year
Exercised during the year
Forfeited in the year

Outstanding and exercisable at the end of the year

30 June 2012

30 June 2011

Weighted 
average 
exercise price
(Rands)

 1.15 
 – 
 – 
 1.15 

 1.15 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price
(Rands)

 – 
 1.15 
 – 
 – 

 1.15 

Number 
of options

 33,669,103 
 – 
 – 
 (1,806,000)

 31,863,103 

Number 
of options

 –
 33,669,103
 –
 –

 33,669,103

Cash settled share appreciation arrangements have to be valued annually at fair value.

These fair values were calculated using the Binomial pricing model. The inputs in the model were as follows:

Weighted average share price
Weighted average exercise/strike price
Expected volatility 
Expected life
Risk-free rate
Expected dividend yield

30 June 2012

30 June 2011

 R1.96 
 R1.15 
50.00%
3-4 years
5.83-6.14%
4.00%

 R1.12
 R1.15
70.33%
4-5 years
7.56-7.84%
4.00%

The  Group  recognised  total  expenses  of  £775.049  (2010:  £68.414)  relating  to  cash-settled  share  appreciation  arrangement 
payment transactions during the reporting period.

Vesting Schedule

Description

Tranche 1
Tranche 2
Tranche 3

Total

Vesting
period
(years)

Vesting
period 
(days)

Vesting 
date

Valuation
(Rand)

Options
granted

Options
expected 
to vest

 2 
 3 
 4 

 731  9 May 2013
 1,096  9 May 2014
 1,461  9 May 2015

 7,965,776 
 7,965,776 

 7,189,113
 0.97 
 0.99 
 6,829,657
 1.01   15,931,551   12,976,348

Grant date

9 May 2011
9 May 2011
9 May 2011

 31,863,103   26,995,118

Participation in share-based and other long-term incentive schemes is restricted to employees and Directors.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 141

 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

28 Deferred Taxation
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment
Provisions
Other

Net deferred tax liabilities

Reconciliation of 
deferred tax liabilities:
Net deferred liabilities at the 
beginning of the year
Deferred tax charge for the year
Translation difference

Net deferred liabilities at the end 
of the year

Group
£
30 June 2012

Notes

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

10,841,728
(673,643)
(79,555)

10,469,324
(623,950)
(3,679)

 10,088,530 

 9,841,695 

13

 9,841,695 
 1,849,665 
 (1,602,830)

 8,092,332 
 1,086,788 
 662,575 

 10,088,530 

 9,841,695 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 –
 –
 –

 –

 –
 –
 –

 –

Deferred tax assets not recognised for PAR Company amounted to £169,980 (2011: £234,620).

Assessed loss carried forward for PAR Company amounted to £607,071 (2011: £837,929).

29  Financial Instruments

 The  Group  manages its capital to ensure  that it will be able  to continue  as a  going concern  while  maximising the return  to 
shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balances. The Group’s overall strategy remains unchanged from the 
prior year.

Components of capital:
Cash and cash equivalents

Net interest-bearing assets
Equity

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 (19,782,179)

 (10,123,822)

 (17,812,893)

 (11,546,466)

 (19,782,179)
 102,625,655 

 (10,123,822)
 90,746,110 

 (17,812,893)
 99,707,934 

 (11,546,466)
 91,668,252 

Net debt to equity ratio (%)

(19.28)

(11.00)

(17.87)

(13.00)

Categories of financial instruments:
Financial assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables

Financial liabilities:

Trade and other payables

 19,782,179 
 4,176,485 

 10,123,822 
 1,880,730 

 17,812,893 
 17,977 

 11,546,466 
 49,400 

 7,672,643 

 8,132,194 

 849,483 

 506,791 

142

 
29  Financial Instruments continued

Financial risk management objectives
 The Group seeks to minimise the effects of financial risks by using derivative financial instruments to hedge risk exposures where 
appropriate. The  use  of  financial  derivatives  is  governed  by  the  Group’s  policies,  approved  by  the  Board  of  Directors,  which 
provide written principles on foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, the use of financial derivatives and non-derivative 
financial instruments, and the investment of excess liquidity. Compliance with the policies and exposure limits is reviewed on a 
continuous  basis. The  Group  does  not  enter  into  or  trade  financial  instruments,  including  derivative  financial  instruments,  for 
speculative use.

Credit risk
 Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. 
The  Group  has  adopted  a  policy  of  only  dealing  with  creditworthy  counterparties  and  obtaining  sufficient  collateral,  where 
appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk. 

 The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables. The amounts presented in the Statement of Financial 
Position  are  net  of  allowances  for  doubtful  receivables  of  £16,763  (2011:  £4,879)  relating  to  other  receivables,  estimated  by 
the Group’s management based on the current economic environment. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the 
counterparties are dealt with in accordance with the Group’s credit policy. 

The Group has one major customer that represents more than 5% of the trade receivables balance for the individual companies.

Customers above 5%

30 June 2012

30 June 2011

 2,570,181 

 1,831,330 

Market risk
 The Group’s activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and the gold price. 
Where appropriate, the Group enters into a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign currency 
risk and the commodity price risk. Market risk exposures are measured using sensitivity analysis.

Foreign currency risk
 The Group undertakes certain transactions in foreign currencies. Hence, exposures to exchange rate fluctuation arise. Exchange 
rate exposures are managed within approved policy parameters.

Commodity price risk
 The Group may enter into forward contracts to hedge their exposure to fluctuations in gold prices and exchange rates on specific 
transactions. The contracts are matched with anticipated future cash flows from gold sales.

Interest rate and liquidity risk
 Fluctuations in the interest rates impact on short-term investment and financing activities, giving rise to interest rate risk. In the 
ordinary course of business, the Group receives cash proceeds from its operations and is required to fund working capital and 
capital expenditure requirements. Cash is managed to ensure that surplus funds are invested to maximise returns, whilst ensuring 
that capital is safeguarded to the maximum extent by only investing with reputable financial institutions. Contractual arrangements 
for committed borrowing facilities are maintained to meet the Group’s normal and contingent funding needs.

Currency and commodity price risk

Currency and gold price

Pound Sterling/Rand
Gold price

Foreign currency/gold price sensitivity
2012

2011

Closing rate at 
30 June 2012 

Average rate 
for the year
ended 
30 June 2012

12.91
 $1,599 

12.27
 $1,694

Impact of 10%
currency or gold
price movement
on profit

£
 6,411,352

 5,341,923

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 143

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

29 Financial Instruments continued

The Pound Sterling carrying amount of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities at Statement 
of Financial Position date is as follows:

2012
Assets
Liabilities

2011
Assets
Liabilities

Impact of 
10% currency
movement on
translation
reserve

South African
Rands

 28,478,961 
 11,062,459 

 25,889,965
 10,056,781

 15,835,425 
 8,193,750 

 14,395,841
 7,448,864

Commodity hedges
The Group did not undertake any hedging in the current or prior year.

Interest rate risk
 The  Group  is  exposed  to  interest  rate  risk  as  entities  within  the  Group  borrow  and  invest  funds  at  both  fixed  and  floating 
interest rates.

Interest rate sensitivity
 Based  on  the  low  level  of  interest-bearing  balances  on  the  Statement  of  Financial  Position,  an  interest  rate  sensitivity  is  not 
performed as the interest rate exposure to the Group is minimal.

Liquidity risk
 Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors which has built an appropriate liquidity risk 
management  framework  for  the  management  of  the  Group’s  short-term  funding  and  liquidity  management  requirements. 
The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowings facilities by continually 
monitoring forecasts and actual cash flows and matching maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities.

 The Group has access to financing facilities at its mining operations, of which the total unutilised portion is currently £11,615,841 
(2011: £13,998,153). The Group expects to meets its other obligations from operating cash flows and proceeds of maturing 
financial assets.

144

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29  Financial Instruments continued

Liquidity risk analysis continued
The following table indicates the Group’s remaining contractual maturity from its financial liabilities on an undiscounted basis:

Group
2012
Trade and other payables

2011
Trade and other payables

Company
2012
Trade and other payables

2011
Trade and other payables

Weighted 
average interest
rate

Less than 
12 months

1-5 years

0%

0%

0%

0%

 7,672,643 

 8,132,194 

 849,483 

 506,791 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

Total

£

 7,672,643

 8,132,194

 849,483

 506,791

Fair value of financial instruments
The Directors consider that the carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities recorded approximate their fair values.

30  Post-Retirement Benefit Information

 All employees are required to be members of either the Barberton Retirement Fund, Sentinel Retirement Fund, Mineworkers 
Provident  Fund  or  the  Shanduka  Group  Provident  Fund. These  are  defined  contribution  funds  and  are  registered  under  and 
governed by the South African Pension Act, 1956 as amended. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the 
Group in funds and they are in the control of the trustees. The total costs charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income 
of £1,476,831 (2011: £1,463,689) represent employer contributions payable to the schemes by the Group at rates specified in 
the  rules  of  the  scheme. The  calculation  of  the  provision  for  post-retirement  medical  benefits  is  performed  internally  by 
management  using  the  South  African  Revenue  Service’s  life  expectancy  tables  as  the  benefits  payable  are  a  fixed  amount 
per pensioner.

31  Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Guarantees

Group
Commitments
The Group had outstanding open orders contracted for at year end of £12,305,025 (2011: £3,671,395).

Authorised commitments for the new financial year not yet contracted for totalled £30,197,687 (2011: £9,641,460).

Contingent liabilities
The Group had no contingent liability in the current financial year or prior year.

Guarantees
 The Group had guarantees of £11,615,841 in favour of Nedbank Limited (2011: 13,712,029) and £298,345 (2011: £352,185) in 
favour of Eskom, and £226,122 (2011: £266,927) in favour of the Department of Mineral Resources at year end.

Company
 There  were  no  commitments,  contingent  liabilities  and  guarantees  for  the  Company  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2012  
(2011: £nil).

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

32  Directors’ Emoluments

The key management personnel for which remuneration has been disclosed are the Directors:

Executive Directors
Emoluments
Share options exercised 

Total

Non-Executive Directors
Emoluments

Total 

Total remuneration

Individual

Executive
Mr JP Nelson
Mr JAJ Loots*^
Miss YB Sitole#

Total

Individual

Non-Executive
Mr RG Still
Ms P Mahanyele*
Mr KC Spencer
Mr RM Smith*^^
Mr MC Ramaphosa*~
Mr JAJ Loots*^
Mrs HH Hickey**

Total

30 June 2012
£

30 June 2011
£

 363,638 
–

 363,638 

 205,120 

 205,120 

 568,758 

Total 
2012
£

 262,755 
 39,091 
 61,792 

 363,638 

Total
2012
£

 46,102 
 36,545 
 76,041 
 – 
 21,243 
 19,448 
 5,741 

 311,592 
 372,993 

 684,585 

 156,328 

 156,328 

 840,913

Total 
2011
£

 597,468
 87,117
 –

 684,585

Total 
2011
£

 38,235
 –
 43,559
 26,135
 48,399
 –
 –

 205,120 

 156,328

Share options
exercised 
£

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

Share options
exercised 
£

 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

Cost to 
Company
£

 216,767 
 39,091 
 61,792 

 317,650 

Directors’ 
fees
£

 46,102 
 36,545 
 76,041 
 – 
 21,243 
 19,448 
 5,741 

 205,120 

Bonuses
£

 45,988 
 – 
 – 

 45,988 

Bonuses
£

 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

146

 
32 Directors’ Emoluments continued

Three highest paid Non-Directors (Cost to Company)
R Holding
C Strydom
A van den Bergh

30 June 2012
£

30 June 2011
£

 235,972 
 219,540 
 158,356 

 158,014
220,843
 147,987

 Directors’ fees accruing to these Directors are paid by the Company to Shanduka Group (Pty) Limited.
 Director resigned as Executive Director and was appointed as Non-Executive Director on 1 December 2011.
 Director was appointed on 1 December 2011.

* 
^ 
# 
**   Director was appointed on 12 April 2012.
^^  Director resigned on 20 July 2011.
~ 

 Director resigned as the Non-Executive Chairman on 14 December 2011.

Non-Executive Directors
 During the year under review, the Non-Executive Directors were Mr RG Still, Mr KC Spencer, Mr RM Smith, Mr MC Ramaphosa, 
Ms P Mahanyele, Mr JAJ Loots and Mrs HH Hickey.

No retirement fund contributions are currently made by the Company on behalf of Directors.

 Non-Executive Directors are entitled to the following fees as approved annually by the Remuneration Committee for services 
rendered, based on their appointment to the respective Board sub-committees:

30 June 2012
Chairperson
£

30 June 2012
Member
£

30 June 2011
Chairperson
£

30 June 2011
Member
£

Board of Director’s Chairperson
Board of Director’s Deputy Chairperson
Board of Directors
Remuneration Committee
Audit Committee
SHEC Committee
Nominations Committee

Equity-settled options

Total options
outstanding 
1 July 2011

Grant 
date

Strike price
(pence)

Mr KC Spencer
Mr J Hopwood*

 3,000,000 
 1,000,000 

21 July 2008
21 July 2008

Total

 4,000,000 

Mr JP Nelson
Mr RG Still
Mr KC Spencer
Mr J Hopwood*

6,000,000
21 July 2005
4,000,000 9 August 2004
21 July 2008
 3,000,000 
21 July 2008
 1,000,000 

 5.2 
 5.2 

 5.2

2.0
2.5
 5.2 
 5.2 

 39,834 
 23,432 
 – 
 7,030 
 7,030 
 7,030 
 7,030 

Options
granted/
(exercised) 
during the
period

 – 
 – 

 (6,000,000)
6 October 2010
 (4,000,000) 4 November 2010

 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 
 18,277 
 4,686 
 4,686 
 4,686 
 4,686 

41,139
24,199
 – 
7,260
9,680
 – 
7,260

 –
 –
18,875
4,840
7,260
7,260
4,840

Grant/
(exercise) 

date

Grant/
(exercise) 
price (pence)

Trans-
ferred out

Total options
30 June 2012

 –
 –

–
(1,000,000)

3,000,000
–

(1,000,000)

3,000,000

 (2.0)
 (2.5)
 –
 –

–

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
3,000,000
1,000,000

4,000,000

Total

 14,000,000 

 – 

 (10,000,000)

* 

 Mr J Hopwood was a Non-Executive Director who passed away on 18 March 2010. The Board of Directors approved that his share options be transferred to his spouse.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 147

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

32 Directors’ Emoluments continued
Directors’ interest in shares
As at 30 June 2012 the interests of Directors in the issued share capital of the Company were as follows:

Mr JP Nelson: 1,122,442 ordinary shares (2011: 1,122,422).

Mr JAJ Loots: 65,000 ordinary shares (2011: 65,000).

 Mr RG Still: 2,000,000 ordinary shares (2011: 2,000,000). In addition, as a Director of Pangea Exploration (Pty) Limited (‘Pangea’) 
and a trustee of a family trust ‘The Alexandra Trust’ which owns 33.33% of Pangea, Mr RG Still is deemed to have an indirect, 
non-beneficial interest in the 1,793,796 ordinary shares (2011: 41,824,408) held by Pangea and the 12,430,900 ordinary shares 
(2011: Nil) held by the Alexandra Trust.

 No trading was undertaken by any of the Directors between financial year end and the date of approval of the annual financial 
statements.

Cash settled options

Total
options
outstanding 
1 July 2011

Grant 
date

Strike price
(pence)

Mr JP Nelson*
Mr RA Holding**
Mr C Strydom**
Mr A van den Bergh**

 5,805,000  9 May 2011
 5,127,134  9 May 2011
 4,650,000  9 May 2011
 3,625,177  9 May 2011

 19,207,311 

 0.11 
 0.11 
 0.11 
 0.11 

 0.11

Options
granted/
(exercised)
 during the 
period

 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

Grant/
(exercise) 

date

Grant/
(exercise)
price 
(pence)

Total
options
30 June
2012

 –
 –
 –
 –

5,805,000
5,127,134
4,650,000
3,625,177

19,207,311

*  Executive Director

**  Highest paid Non-Directors

33  Equity-Settled Share Options

 On 1 September 2005, the Company established a share option programme relating to equity-settled share options entitling 
specific employees, officers, Directors and qualifying consultants, as approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and its 
subsidiaries, to purchase shares in the Company. The share option exercise price is determined using the closing price at which 
shares are traded on the JSE or AIM (as determined by the Board of Directors), on the trading date immediately preceding the 
date upon which the Board authorised the grant of the opportunity to acquire the relevant share options, as the case may be, to 
a participant. Pursuant to resolutions of the Board passed in accordance with the rules of the share option programme, share 
options may be released from the share option programme to participants, share options may be exercised by participants and 
allocation shares may be delivered to participants as follows for allocations prior to 21 July 2008:
(i)   33.33% of the total number of shares allocated after one year has elapsed from the grant date by the participant of the grant;
(ii)   up to 66.67% of the total number of shares allocated after two years have elapsed from the grant date by the participant of 

the grant;

(iii)  the balance of the shares allocated after three years have elapsed from the grant date by the participant of the grant;

and for allocations subsequent to 21 July 2008 as follows:
(i)  25% of the total number of shares allocated after one year has elapsed from the grant date by the participant of the grant;
(ii)   up to 50% of the total number of shares allocated after two years have elapsed from the grant date by the participant of the 

grant;

(iii)  up to 75% of the total number of shares allocated after three years have elapsed from the grant date by the participant of 

the grant; and

(iv)  the balance of the shares after four years have elapsed from the grant date by the participant of the grant, provided that the 

Board may, at its discretion, anticipate or postpone such dates. 

148

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33  Equity-Settled Share Options continued

 An option holder may not exercise a share option under the share option programme by later than the end of the year preceding 
the 10th anniversary of the grant date. Upon death of an option holder, the estate would be entitled to exercise the options 
vested to date within 12 months of the date of death, if the options are not exercised the total available share options would 
lapse. The Directors have the discretion to approve the vesting of the deceased total number of unvested share options.

 The  number  of  vested  share  options  to  which  an  option  holder  is  entitled  to  expires  after  a  period  of  six  months  due  to 
retirement, redundancy or disability of the option holder.

 The exercise price of the share options is converted to GBP at a GBP:ZAR closing exchange rate of 12.91. The number and 
weighted average exercise price of share options are as follows:

Outstanding at 1 July
Granted during the year
Exercised during the year
Forfeited during the year

Outstanding 30 June 2012

30 June 2012

30 June 2011

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

 5.2p 
 – 
6.3p
 – 

 6.4p 

Number 
of options

 18,503,750 
 – 
 (4,221,650)
 – 

 14,282,100 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

4.8p 
 – 
4.5p
6.2p

5.2p

Number 
of options

 55,145,000
 –
 (34,500,000)
 (2,141,250)

 18,503,750

30 June 2012

30 June 2011

Vested

Unvested

Vested

Unvested

Total number share options at year end

 10,112,100 

 4,170,000 

 11,013,750 

 7,490,000

The fair value of services received for share options granted is based on the fair value of share options granted, measured using 
for all issues prior to 20 March 2010 a Black Scholes model and a variant of the Binomial model for issues on 20 March 2010, 
with the following inputs:

Share price
Exercise price
Expected volatility
Expected life
Risk-free interest rate

30 June 2010

R0.68
R0.68
58.61%
3-6 years
8.15%

 A Company dividend rate has not yet been determined and therefore is not taken into account in option fair value calculations. 
The volatility of the Company’s share price on each date of grant was calculated as the average of volatilities of share prices of 
the Company on the corresponding dates. The volatility of share price of the Company was calculated as the average of annualised 
standard deviations of daily continuously compounded returns on the Company’s stock, calculated over one to four years back 
from the date of grant. Therefore, volatility of the Company’s share prices was calculated over the period commensurate with the 
expected  life  of  the  options  under  consideration,  giving  more  weight  to  more  recent  historical  data  to  account  for  volatility 
persistence.

There are no market conditions attached to the exercise of the share options.

 The Group recognised total expenses of £43,452 (2011: £107,056) related to equity-settled share-based payment transactions 
during the reporting period.

Participation in share-based and other long-term incentive schemes is restricted to employees and Directors.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued 

for the year ended 30 June 2012

34  Related Party Transactions

 The Group entered into the following transactions and held year end balances with related parties:

Dividends received* 
Fee received from Barberton Mines* 
Admin fee received from Phoenix Platinum* 
Fee paid to Metorex 
Fee paid to Shanduka 
Directors’ fees paid to Shanduka

Loans to subsidiaries
Explorator Limitada*^
Phoenix Platinum* 
Mistral Resources*^

Payable to another Group Company
Barberton Mines* 

Payable to other related parties
Fee payable to Shanduka **

Statement of comprehensive 
income
 £ 
30 June 2012

 £ 
30 June 2011

Statement of financial 
position
 £ 
30 June 2012

 £
30 June 2011

 24,500,396 
 (1,241,823)
 (244,453)
 – 
 (77,887)
 (116,328)

21,650,960
 (1,306,054)
 (211,078)
 – 
 (81,761)
 (161,651)

 22,819,905 

 19,890,416 

 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –

 –

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 – 
 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 

 – 
 19,505,668 
–

 11,224,272
 15,922,612
 –

 19,505,668 

 27,146,884

 1,298,235 

 1,298,235 

 –

 –

28,058

 28,058 

 93,543

 93,543

*  These related party transactions related to Pan African and eliminate on consolidation.

^  Transferred to non-current assets held for sale (refer to note 35).

**  Included in trade and other payables.

All of the related party transactions are at arm’s length

150

 
35  Non-Current Assets Held For Sale

The carrying value of non-current assets held for sale previously classified under other intangible assets (Group) or investments 
(Company) on 30 June 2012 are as follows:

Asset name

Country of 
incorporation

Principal 
activity

Proportion 
of capital
effectively 
held by
Company

Group

(£) 

30 June 2012

Company
(£)
30 June 2012

Group
(£)
30 June 2011

Company
(£)
30 June 2011

Explorator Limitada*

Mozambique  Exploration 

100% 12,887,411

9,996,393

–   Transferred from 

Intangibles*

Mozambique  Exploration 

100% 12,887,411

–

–  Transferred from 

inter-company loan 
account*

Explorator Limitada – 
transferred from 
investments*
Mistral Resource 
Development 
Corporation – 
transferred from 
investments*
Brampton Capital 
Overseas Limited – 
transferred from 
investments*
Barberton Mines – 
Segalla Plant **

Mozambique  Exploration 

100%

 – 

9,996,393

Mozambique  Exploration 

100%

 – 

88,972

British Virgin 
Isles

British Virgin 
Isles

Exploration 

100%

 – 

584,705

Exploration 

100%

 – 

2,485,000

South Africa

Processing

100%

 247,804 

 – 

13,135,215

13,155,070

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

 –

* 

 As outlined in note 36, Pan African has agreed to sell, free of encumbrances, its wholly-owned subsidiary, Mistral’s shareholdings to Auroch for a AU$2,000,000 cash 
consideration and 25,000,000 consideration shares in Terranova, with an option to receive additional Deferred Cash Consideration (if payable) and Deferred Consideration 
Shares (if to be issued), the details of which are set out below. The disposal of our Manica exploration project (which is accounted for within the corporate and growth 
segment) allows us to remain focused on our strategy of the development and growth of our South African based operating assets.

 Should at any time during the period of four years, from the date of the completion of the transaction, any of the deferred 
consideration milestones be achieved, then Auroch will pay Pan African the following deferred cash consideration payments upon 
achievement of each of the milestones as set out below:
•  AU$1,000,000 upon achievement of the 400koz Milestone 1;
•  AU$1,000,000 upon achievement of the 1,000koz Milestone 2;
•  AU$1,000,000 upon achievement of a Bankable Feasibility Study Milestone; and
•  AU$1,000,000 upon achievement of a Capacity Milestone;
collectively, the Deferred Cash Consideration.

 In addition, Auroch will issue to Pan African the deferred consideration shares upon the achievement of certain milestones as 
set out below:
•  20,066,667 shares to be issued upon achievement of the 400koz Milestone 1;
•  20,066,667 shares to be issued upon achievement of the 1,000koz Milestone 2;
•   24,366,667 shares to be issued upon achievement of the Bankable Feasibility Study Milestone or at Auroch’s election, payment 

of AU$7,310,000 in cash; and

•   7,166,667 shares to be issued upon achievement of the Capacity Milestone or at Auroch’s election, payment of AU$2,150,000 

in cash collectively the Deferred Consideration Shares.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 151

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

for the year ended 30 June 2012

35  Non-current Assets Held For Sale continued

 Milestone 1 – 400koz Milestone means delineation of at least 400,000oz of JORC Inferred Gold Resource of oxide ore with a 
cut-off grade of 1.25g/t being defined on the northern and/or southern shear zones of the Mining Concession (including the 
existing 90,000oz of JORC Inferred Gold Resource of oxide ore at a cut-off grade of 1.25g/t that has already been delineated on 
the Mining Concession). 

 Milestone 2 – 1,000koz Milestone means delineation of at least 1,000,000oz of a Joint Ore Reserves Committee Code (‘JORC’) 
Inferred Gold Resource of oxide ore with a cut-off grade of 1.25g/t being defined on the northern and/or southern shear zones 
of the Mining Concession (including the existing 90,000oz of JORC Inferred Gold Resource of oxide ore at a cut-off grade of 
1.25g/t that has already been delineated on the Mining Concession and any ounces of JORC Inferred Gold Resource of oxide ore 
that satisfied the 400koz Milestone).

**  Segalla Plant.
 The decision was taken to sell the Segalla Plant which forms part of the Barberton Mines’ segment, during the financial year under 
review. An offer of £247,805 was received for the plant. The sale is expected to be completed within 12 months.

Cost
Accumulated depreciation
Impairment

Net book value

30 June 2012
(£)

742,089
(446,047)
(48,238)

247,804

36  Events After the Reporting Period

Acquisition of Evander Gold Mines Limited from Harmony
Readers are referred to the detailed description of the transaction in the CEO’s report.

 On 17 August 2012 Pan African issued an update on the Evander Gold Mines acquisition status. Pan African announced that 57% 
of the shareholders had committed to vote in favour of the transaction and that it had secured £54.2 million (ZAR700 million) 
through rights offer commitments.

 Pan African has made a further payment of £2.5 million (ZAR30 million) to Harmony in respect of the second tranche of the 
Break Fee in terms of the Agreement. Therefore the full Break Fee, being an amount of £4.1 million (ZAR50 million), has been 
paid by Pan African to Harmony. Pan African and Harmony have furthermore agreed that the Break Fee shall be set off against 
the £77.5 million (ZAR1 billion) deposit. The balance of the deposit (if it becomes payable, at Harmony’s election) shall therefore 
constitute a total amount of £73.6 million (ZAR950 million).

 The secured capital, in addition to Pan African’s existing cash funds available and, to the extent necessary, draw-downs by Pan 
African from existing debt funding facilities, will be sufficient to allow Pan African to make payment of the deposit. Pan African 
intends to fund the balance of the purchase consideration through a combination of, inter alia, third party debt financing and funds 
generated from Pan African’s existing operations.

 The Group is in the process of finalising the debt component of £46.5 million (ZAR600 million) required for part of the financing 
of the Evander Gold Mines transaction.

Disposal of Manica Gold Project
 Readers  are  referred  to  the  detailed  description  of  the  transaction  in  the ‘Events  after  the  reporting  period’  section  of  the 
Directors’ report. On 29 August 2012 Pan African announced that it entered into an agreement to dispose of 100% of its Manica 
Gold Project to Auroch Minerals Mozambique (Pty) Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terranova Minerals NL, for a total 
potential  purchase  consideration  of AUD6  million  (GBP4  million/ZAR52.4  million),  payable  in  cash  and  96,666,668  shares  in 
Terranova, subject to certain terms and conditions more fully described in note 35 and the Directors’ report.

152

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37 Reconciliation of Profit Before Taxation to 

Cash Generated by/(Used in) Operations
Profit before taxation
Adjusted for:

Dividends received
Impairment
Equity and cash settled share options costs
Net finance income
Royalty costs
Non-mining depreciation 
Depreciation – Mining

Group
£
30 June 2012

Company

£
30 June 2011

£
30 June 2012

£
30 June 2011

 42,226,145 
 7,516,314 

 26,416,974 
 4,692,474 

 22,195,866 
 (24,564,577)

 21,244,832
 (22,333,516)

 – 
 48,238 
 818,501 
 (515,502)
 3,848,450 
 57,617 
 3,259,010 

 – 
 – 
 175,470 
 (761,894)
 2,368,239 
 25,416 
 2,885,243 

 (24,500,396)
 – 
 439,988 
 (551,154)
 – 
 46,985 
 – 

 (21,650,960)
 –
 64,985
 (772,957)
 –
 25,416
 –

Operating cash flows before working capital changes

 49,742,459 

 31,109,448 

 (2,368,711)

 (1,088,684)

Working capital changes

 (650,582)

 858,377 

 841,583 

Increase in inventories
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables, 
Long-term liabilities and provisions
Non-cash items

 (411,533)
 (1,024,867)

 (330,828)
 (459,742)

 (139,062)
 924,880 

 1,916,375 
 (267,428)

 – 
 48,560 

 720,458 
 72,565 

 11,389

 –
 41,337

 (7,491)
 (22,457)

Cash generated by/(utilised in) operations

 49,091,877 

 31,967,825 

 (1,527,128)

 (1,077,295)

Income taxes paid
Royalties paid
Net finance income
Dividends paid

 (8,364,216)
 (3,251,717)
 515,502 
 (7,416,176)

 (8,310,193)
 (2,433,072)
 761,894 
 (5,376,165)

 – 
 – 
 551,154 
 (7,416,176)

 –
 –
 772,957
 (5,376,165)

Net cash from/(used in) operating activities

 30,575,270 

 16,610,289 

 (8,392,150)

 (5,680,503)

Taxation paid during the year:
Taxation charge per the statement of comprehensive 
income 
Less: deferred taxation 

Taxation unpaid at the beginning of the year 
Taxation unpaid at the end of the year 
Foreign currency translation

 £ 

 £

 12,984,511 
 (1,849,665)

 11,134,846 
 689,543 
 (2,878,642)
 (581,531)

 9,248,309
 (1,086,788)

 8,161,521
 528,566
 (689,543)
 309,649

Taxation paid during the year 

 8,364,216 

 8,310,193

Royalty paid during the year:
Royalty costs unpaid at the beginning of the year 
Royalty costs unpaid at the end of the year 
Royalty costs charge for the year
Foreign currency translation

Royalty paid

 £ 
 76,991 
 (474,087)
 3,848,450 
 (199,637)

 £
 48,419
 (76,991)
 2,368,239
 93,405

 3,251,717 

 2,433,072

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 153

Notes to the Financial Statements Continued

Number 
of shareholders

Percentage

Number 
of shares

Percentage

 457 
 2,707 
 2,452 
 576 
 154 

 6,346 

3
18
97
9
5,067
20
9
8
92
733
68
116
91
15

6,346

5
3
2
6,341

6,346

7.20
42.66
38.64
9.08
2.43

 282,233 
 14,802,638 
 87,273,383 
 171,501,057 
 1,174,403,050 

100

 1,448,262,361 

0.05
0.28
1.53
0.14
79.85
0.32
0.14
0.13
1.45
11.55
1.07
1.83
1.43
0.24

261,200
13,258,749
7,452,298
1,517,891
154,968,746
14,283,914
33,974,018
1,927,855
259,399,586
472,315,246
1,742,767
96,203,433
386,641,219
4,315,439

100

1,448,262,361

0.08
0.05
0.03
99.92

 542,152,178 
17,412,138
524,740,040
 906,110,183 

100

1,448,262,361

366,168,585
158,571,455
114,466,244
92,067,989
51,516,434

0.02
1.02
6.03
 11.84
81.09

100

0.02
0.92
0.51
0.10
10.70
0.99
2.35
0.13
17.91
32.61
0.12
6.64
26.70
0.30

100

37.43
1.20
36.23
62.57

100

25.28
10.95
7.90
6.36
3.56

for the year ended 30 June 2012

38 Shareholder Analysis

Register date: 29 June 2012
Issued share capital: 1,448,262,361 shares

Shareholder spread

1 – 1 000 shares
1 001 – 10 000 shares
10 001 – 100 000 shares
100 001 – 1 000 000 shares
1 000 001 shares and over

Total

Distribution of shareholders
Banks
Brokers
Close corporations
Endowment funds
Individuals
Insurance companies
Investment companies
Medical aid schemes
Mutual funds
Nominees and trusts
Other corporations
Pension funds
Private companies
Public companies

Total

Public/non-public shareholder
Non-public shareholders
Director
Strategic Holder (more than 10%)
Public Shareholders

Total

Beneficial holding of 3% or more
Shanduka Gold (Pty) Limited
Coronation Fund Managers
Allan Gray Investment Council
Investec Asset Management (SA)
Investec Asset Management (UK)

154

Notice of Annual General Meeting

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN  that  the  2012  Annual  General 
Meeting of Pan African Resources PLC will be held at the offices 
of  Canaccord  Genuity  Limited,  Eighth  Floor,  88  Wood  Street, 
London  EC2V  7QR  on  30  November  2012  at  10:00  (all  times 
stated  are  United  Kingdom  times  unless  otherwise  stated)  to 
consider and, if thought fit, transact the following business:
Ordinary Business
1 

 To  receive  and  adopt  the  Directors’  report,  the  Audited 
Statement  of  Accounts  and  Auditor’s  report  for  the  year 
ended 30 June 2012.

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

 To re-elect Mr JP Nelson as a Director of the Company, who 
retires  by  rotation  pursuant  to  the Articles  of Association 
of the Company.

 To re-elect Mr JAJ Loots as a Director of the Company, who 
retires  by  rotation  pursuant  to  the Articles  of Association 
of the Company.

 To re-elect Mr RG Still as a Director of the Company, who 
retires  by  rotation  pursuant  to  the Articles  of Association 
of the Company.

 To re-elect Ms YB Sitole as a Director of the Company, who 
was appointed since the last Annual General Meeting.

 To re-elect Mrs HH Hickey as a Director of the Company, 
who was appointed since the last Annual General Meeting.

 To increase the maximum ordinary aggregate fees of all of the 
Directors of the Company to a sum not exceeding £500,000 
per annum, pursuant to Article 97 of the Company’s Articles 
of Association.

8 

 To re-appoint Deloitte LLP as auditors of the Company and 
to authorise the Directors to determine their remuneration.

Special Business
As  special  business,  to  consider  and,  if  thought  fit,  to  pass  the 
following  resolution  which  will  be  proposed  as  an  Ordinary 
Resolution; 
9 

 THAT  the  Directors  be  and  are  hereby  generally  and 
unconditionally  authorised  pursuant  to  Section  551  of  the 
Companies Act 2006 (‘the Act’), in substitution for all previous 
powers  granted  to  them  thereunder,  to  exercise  all  the 
powers  of  the  Company  to  allot  and  make  offers  to  allot 
equity  securities  (within  the  meaning  of  Section  560  of  the 
Act)  up  to  an  aggregate  nominal  amount  of  £4,970,362.20; 
such  authority  shall,  unless  previously  revoked  or  varied  by 
the  Company  in  general  meeting,  expire  on  the  conclusion 
of the next Annual General Meeting of the Company or on 
31  December  2013,  whichever  is  the  earlier,  provided  that 
the  Company  may,  at  any  time  before  such  expiry,  make 
an  offer  or  enter  into  an  agreement  which  would  or  might 
require equity securities to be allotted after such expiry and 
the Directors may allot equity securities pursuant to any such 
offer or agreement as if the authority conferred hereby had 
not expired.

By Order of the Board

St James’s Corporate Services Limited
Company Secretary

7 November 2012

6 St James’s Place
London
England
SW1A 1NP  

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 155

Explanatory Notes

Entitlement to attend and vote
1   The Company specifies that only those members registered 

on the Company’s register of members at:

  •  18:00 on 28 November 2012; or
  •   if the AGM is adjourned, at 18:00 on the date two days 
prior to the adjourned meeting, shall be entitled to attend 
and vote at the AGM.

To appoint a proxy using the proxy form, the form must be:
•  completed and signed; and
•   sent  or  delivered  to  Capita  Registrars,  PXS,  34  Beckenham 
Road,  Beckenham,  BR3  4TU  or  Computershare  Investor 
Services  (Pty)  Limited,  Ground  Floor,  70  Marshall  Street, 
Johannesburg  2001,  South  Africa 
(PO  Box  61051, 
Marshalltown 2107, Johannesburg, South Africa); no later than 
10:00 on 28 November 2012.

Appointment of proxies
2   If you are a member of the Company at the time set out in 
note 1 above, you are entitled to appoint a proxy to exercise 
all or any of your rights to attend, speak and vote at the AGM 
and you should have received a proxy form with this notice 
of meeting.

In  the  case  of  a  member  which  is  a  company,  the  proxy  form 
must be executed under its common seal or signed on its behalf 
by an officer of the company or an attorney for the company.

Any power of attorney or any other authority under which the 
proxy form is signed (or a duly certified copy of such power or 
authority) must be included with the proxy form.

 You can only appoint a proxy using the procedures set out in 
these notes and the notes to the proxy form.

3   A  proxy  does  not  need  to  be  a  member  of  the  Company, 
but must attend the AGM to represent you. Details of how 
to appoint the Chairman of the AGM or another person as 
your proxy using the proxy form are set out in the notes to 
the proxy form.

 If you wish your proxy to speak on your behalf at the AGM, 
you will need to appoint your own choice of proxy (not the 
Chairman) and give your instructions directly to them.

4   You may appoint more than one proxy provided each proxy 
is  appointed  to  exercise  rights  attached  to  different  shares. 
You may not appoint more than one proxy to exercise rights 
attached to any one share. To appoint more than one proxy, 
you may photocopy this form.

5   A vote withheld is not a vote in law, which means that the 
vote  will  not  be  counted  in  the  calculation  of  votes  for  or 
against the resolution. If you either select the ‘Discretionary’ 
option or if no voting indication is given, your proxy will vote 
or abstain from voting at his or her discretion. Your proxy will 
vote (or abstain from voting) as he or she thinks fit in relation 
to any other matter which is put before the AGM.

Appointment of proxy using 
hard copy proxy form
6   The  notes  to  the  proxy  form  explain  how  to  direct  your 
proxy  how  to  vote  on  each  resolution  or  withhold  his/her 
vote.

Appointment of proxy 
by joint members
7   In the case of joint holders, where more than one of the joint 
holders purports to appoint a proxy, only the appointment 
submitted  by  the  most  senior  holder  will  be  accepted. 
Seniority  is  determined  by  the  order  in  which  the  names 
of  the  joint  holders  appear  in  the  Company’s  register  of 
members  in  respect  of  the  joint  holding  (the  first-named 
being the most senior).

Changing proxy instructions
8   To change your proxy instructions, simply submit a new proxy 
appointment using the methods set out above. Note that the 
cut-off time for receipt of proxy appointments (see above) 
also applies in relation to amended instructions; any amended 
proxy  appointment  received  after  the  relevant  cut-off  time 
will be disregarded.

 Where  you  have  appointed  a  proxy  using  the  hard-copy 
proxy  form  and  would  like  to  change  the  instructions 
using  another  hard-copy  proxy  form,  please  contact  Capita 
Registrars, PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, BR3 4TU 
or  Computershare  Investor  Services  (Pty)  Limited,  Ground 
Floor,  70  Marshall  Street,  Johannesburg  2001,  South  Africa 
(PO  Box  61051,  Marshalltown  2107,  Johannesburg,  South 
Africa).

 If  you  submit  more  than  one  valid  proxy  appointment,  the 
appointment  received  last  before  the  latest  time  for  the 
receipt of proxies will take precedence.

156

 
 
 
 
Termination of proxy 
appointments
9   In order to revoke a proxy instruction you will need to inform 
the  Registrar  by  sending  a  signed  hard  copy  notice  clearly 
stating  your  intention  to  revoke  your  proxy  appointment 
as above. In the case of a member which is a company, the 
revocation notice must be executed under its common seal 
or  signed  on  its  behalf  by  an  officer  of  the  company  or  an 
attorney for the company.

CREST
12  CREST  members  who  wish  to  appoint  a  proxy  or  proxies 
through  the  CREST  electronic  proxy  appointment  service 
may do so for the meeting and any adjournment(s) thereof by 
using the procedures described in the CREST manual. CREST 
personal members or other CREST sponsored members and 
those CREST members who have appointed a voting service 
provider(s),  should  refer  to  their  CREST  sponsor  or  voting 
service provider(s), who will be able to take the appropriate 
action on their behalf.

 Any power of attorney or any other authority under which 
the  revocation  notice  is  signed  (or  a  duly  certified  copy 
of  such  power  or  authority)  must  be  included  with  the 
revocation notice.

 The revocation notice must be received by Capita Registrars 
or  Computershare  Investor  Services  (Pty)  Limited  no  later 
than 10:00 on 28 November 2012. If you attempt to revoke 
your proxy appointment but the revocation is received after 
the  time  specified  then,  subject  to  the  paragraph  directly 
below, your proxy appointment will remain valid.

 Appointment of a proxy does not preclude you from attending 
the AGM and voting in person. If you have appointed a proxy 
and attend the AGM in person, your proxy appointment will 
automatically be terminated.

Issued shares and 
total voting rights
10  As  at  18:00  on  6  November  2012  the  Company’s  issued 
share  capital  comprised  1,448,262,361  ordinary  shares  of 
1p  each.  Each  ordinary  share  carries  the  right  to  one  vote 
at  a  general  meeting  of  the  Company  and,  therefore,  the 
total number of voting rights in the Company as at 18:00 on 
6 November 2012 was 1,448,262,361.

Directors’ interests and 
documents on display
11  A statement or summary of transactions of Directors (and 
their  family  interests)  in  the  share  capital  of  the  Company 
and  copies  of  their  service  contracts  will  be  available  for 
inspection at the Company’s registered office during normal 
business hours (Saturdays and public holidays excepted) from 
the date of this notice until the conclusion of the AGM, and 
will also be available for inspection at the place of the AGM 
for at least 15 minutes prior to and during the meeting.

13  In order for a proxy appointment or instruction made using the 
CREST service to be valid, the appropriate CREST message 
(a ‘CREST Proxy Instruction’) must be properly authenticated 
in accordance with Euroclear’s specifications and must contain 
the information required for such instructions, as described 
in the CREST Manual. The message, regardless of whether it 
constitutes the appointment of a proxy or to an amendment 
to the instruction given to a previously appointed proxy, must, 
in order to be valid, be transmitted so as to be received by 
the issuer’s agent (ID: RA10) by 10:00 on 28 November 2012 
(or 48 hours preceding the date and time for any adjourned 
meeting). For this purpose, the time of receipt will be taken 
to be the time (as determined by the timestamp applied to 
the  message  by  the  CREST Applications  Host)  from  which 
the issuer’s agent is able to retrieve the message enquiry to 
CREST in the manner prescribed by CREST. After this time 
any  change  of  instructions  to  proxies  appointed  through 
CREST should be communicated to the appointee through 
other means.

14  CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors 
or voting service providers should note that Euroclear does 
not  make  available  special  procedures  in  CREST  for  any 
particular  messages.  Normal  system  timings  and  limitations 
will therefore apply in relation to the input of CREST Proxy 
Instructions.  It  is  the  responsibility  of  the  CREST  member 
concerned  to  take  (or,  if  the  CREST  member  is  a  CREST 
personal member or sponsored member or has appointed 
a  voting  service  provider(s)  to  procure  that  his  CREST 
sponsor or voting service provider(s) take(s) such action as 
shall  be  necessary  to  ensure  that  a  message  is  transmitted 
by  means  of  the  CREST  system  by  any  particular  time).  In 
this connection, CREST members and, where applicable, their 
CREST sponsors or voting service providers are referred, in 
particular, to those sections of the CREST manual concerning 
practical limitations of the CREST system and timings.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 157

 
 
 
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Term

Adit

Amira International Limited

Definition

A mining tunnel that is mined from the side of a mountain or mining pit.

Independent association of minerals companies, which develops, 
brokers and facilitates collaborative research project.

Aster®

Registered name for a water purification system developed by Gold Fields Limited

Attributable Profit to the Parent

Profit on ordinary activities, after tax, minority interests and preference 
dividends, attributable to ordinary equity shareholders.

Cash Cost

Chrome Tailings

Cash costs include direct operating costs for all mining and processing sites, 
but are exclusive of royalties, production taxes, depreciation and rehabilitation, 
as well as corporate administration, capital and exploration costs.

Discards from a chrome washing plant be it historical 
(tailings dams) or new (current risings).

Chrome Tailings Retreatment Programme

This is a flotation plant constructed to recover PGMs from chrome tailings.

Coir Geotextile

Current Arisings

Criminal Miners

Decline

Deformational Process

Development Capital

Earnings Per Share

It is a 100% natural fibre, extracted from coconut husks. They serve as a 
slope stabilisation agent prior to vegetation. It adds organic material to 
the soil, promotes vegetative growth by absorbing water and preventing 
the top soil from drying out. It can provide good soil support for up 
to three years, allowing natural vegetation to become established.

The live tailings discarded by the chrome operators’ 
washing plant and fed directly to a CTRP.

Trespassers who enter mining operations and illegally remove visible gold.

Underground evacuation at an inclined angle – normally a shaft.

Result of tectonic forces on a portion of the earth’s crust, that 
leads to folding and shearing. Such deformation can cause changes 
in pressure and stress fields, which result in equilibrium imbalance 
between fluid pressure and litho pressure and thus fluid flow.

Capital expenditure incurred in development of the workings areas and 
creation of additional Mineral Resources to support the mining operations.

Attributable profit to the parent company divided by 
the weighted average number of shares.

Effective Tax Rate

Current and deferred taxation as a percentage of net profit before taxation

Fatal Injury

Gabions

Greenstone Belt

An injury that causes the death of a person

Used to stabilise against erosion.

Geological zone of variably metamorphosed matic to ultramatic 
volcanic sequences with associated sedimentary rocks that occur within 
Archaen and Proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss.

Headline Earnings Per Share

Headline earnings attributable to the parent company 
divided by the weighted average number of shares.

Indicated Resource

Inferred Resource

158

A mineral resource reported as an in situ mineralisation estimate – 
low level of geoscientific knowledge and confidence.

A mineral resource reported as an in situ mineralisation estimate – 
low level of geoscientific knowledge and confidence.

Term

King III

Lost Day Severity Rate

Lost Time Injury Rate

Measured Resource

Mine Call Factor

Order of Magnitude

Plant Recovery Factor

Probable Reserve

Proved Reserve

PVC

Reserve Base

SAMREC

Serious Injury

Underground Mining

Vamping Tons

Definition

Report on Corporate Governance in South Africa.

The lost day severity rate is calculated as the total lost days 
resulting from accidents during a period divided by the total lost 
day cases and this number represents the average days away.

A rate of lost time injuries occurring per 1,000,000 hours worked.

A mineral resource reported as an in situ mineralisation estimate 
– high level of geoscientific knowledge and confidence.

Ratio, expressed as a percentage, which the specific product 
accounted for in recovery plus residues bears to the corresponding 
product called for by the mine’s measuring methods.

Early in a project development of alternatives when requirements 
are not specified in great detail, an order of magnitude estimate 
is developed for each viable alternative. An order of magnitude 
estimate is deemed sufficient to compare alternates.

Ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the mass of the specific 
mineral product actually recovered from ore treated at the plant 
to its total specific mineral content before treatment.

A mineral reserve reported as a mineable production estimate 
– lower level of geoscientific knowledge and confidence.

A mineral reserve reported as a mineable production estimate 
– higher level of geoscientific knowledge and confidence.

Coated galvanised gabions are used on the side slopes to crate a wall against 
erosion alien invasive plants. The mine has introduced a control and management 
programme for alien vegetation. An alien invasive control plan has been drafted.

A mineral reserve reported as a mineable production 
estimate – the probable and proved reserve.

South African Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, 
Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.

An injury that incapacitates the employee from performing that 
employee’s similar occupation for a period of 14 days or more.

Mining activities occurring below the earth’s surface.

Reef tons emanating from cleaning out of old underground working places.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 159

Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations Continued

Abbreviation

AMG

ARV

BBBEE

BF

BFS

BGB

BGMO

BIOX®

BML

BTRP

CPR

CSI

CTRP

DMR

EBITDA

ECSA

EIA

ERP

HEPS

IDP

IFM

JORC

JSE

£

KPAs

KPIs

LED

LOM

LTIFR

m

MCF

MPRDA

MQA

MRM

160

Definition

Average Mining Grade

Antiretroviral

Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment

Mineral Reserve Block Factor

Bankable Feasibility Study

Barberton Greenstone Belt

Barberton Gold Mining Operations

Biological Oxidation

Barberton Mines Limited

Barberton Tailings Retreatment Plant

Competent Persons Report

Corporate and Social Investment

Chrome Tailings Retreatment Plant

Department of Mineral Resources

Earnings Before Interest, Taxation, Depreciation and Amortisation.

Engineering Council of South Africa

Environmental Impact Assessment

Enterprise Resource Planning

Headline Earnings Per Share

Integrated Development Plan

International Ferro Metals Limited

Joint Ore Reserves Committee Code

JSE Limited

Pound Sterling

Key Performance Assessments

Key Performance Indicators

Local Economic Development

Life Of Mine

Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate

metres

Mine Call Factor

The South African Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002

Mining Qualifications Authority

Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves

Abbreviation

Mt

mt

MZM

NAV

NOMAD

NUM

Oz

Definition

Million tonnes

metric tonnes

Meticals 

Net Asset Value

Nominated Adviser

National Union of Mineworkers

Ounces

Pan African or the Company

Pan African Resources PLC

PGM

Phoenix Platinum

Plato

PPE

PRF

RIFR

SABS

SAICA

SENS

SG

SHEC

SIFR

SLP

SPV

t

UASA

TSF

WPL

ZAR

Platinum Group Metals

Phoenix Platinum Mining (Pty) Limited – The Chromite Tailings 
Retreatment Plant in the North-West province, South Africa

South African Council for Professional and Technical Surveyors

Personal Protective Equipment

Overall Plant Recovery Factor

Recordable Injury Frequency Rate

South African Bureau of Standards

South African Institute of Chartered Accountants

Stock Exchange News Service

Specific Gravity

Safety, Health, Environment and Community

Serious Injury Frequency Rate

Social and Labour Plan

Special Purpose Vehicle

Tonnes

United Association of South Africa

Tailings Storage Facility

Western Platinum Limited

South African Rand

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 161

Contact Details

Corporate Office
Pan African Resources PLC
The Firs, 1st Floor, Office 101
Cnr Biermann and Cradock Avenue, Rosebank
Office: +27 (0)11 243 2900
Facsimile: +27 (0)11 880 1240

Registered Office
6 St James’s Place
London
SW1A INP
United Kingdom
Office: +44 (0)20 7499 3916
Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7491 1989

Company Secretary and UK Investor Relations
St James’s Corporate Services Limited
Phil Dexter/Jane Kirton
Office: +44 (0)20 7499 3916

Consultants and Advisers
JSE Sponsor
One Capital
Cobus Human
Office: +27 (0)11 550 5055

Nominated Adviser and Joint Broker (UK)
Canaccord Genuity Limited
John Prior
Office: +44(0)20 7523 8306

Joint Broker
finnCap Limited
Matthew Robinson/Elizabeth Johnson
Office: + 44(0)20 7220 0500

Legal Consultants
Fasken Martineau LLP
Nigel Gordon
Office: +44 (0)20 7917 8500

UK Public Relations
Gable Communications
Justine James
Office: +44(0)20 7193 7463

SA Investor and Public Relations
Vestor Media and Investor Relations
Louise Brugman
Office: 27 (0)11 787 3015
Cell: 083 504 1186

162

Form of Proxy - Pan African Resources PLC

(Incorporated and registered in England and Wales under Companies Act 1985
with registration number 3937466 on 25 February 2000)
Share code AIM: PAF        ISIN: GB0004300496          Share code JSE: PAN

This Form of Proxy is for use by all non-South African shareholders and for South African certificated shareholders and South African own name 
dematerialised shareholders only.
I/We, the undersigned, being a member of the above-named company, hereby appoint the Chairman of the Meeting or (see note 1).

Name of proxy 

Number of shares proxies appointed over

as my/our proxy to attend, speak and vote on my/our behalf at the Annual General Meeting of Pan African Resources PLC to be held at the office of 
Canaccord Genuity Limited, Eighth Floor, 88 Wood Street, London EC2V 7QR at 10:00 on 30 November 2012 and at any adjournment thereof. 
If you wish to appoint multiple proxies please see note 1 below.   Please also tick here if you are appointing more than one proxy.
The proxy will vote on the undermentioned resolutions, as indicated.

ORDINARY BUSINESS:

For

Against

withheld* Discretionary**

Voting 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

To receive the accounts and the reports of 
the directors and auditors thereon

To re-elect Mr JP Nelson as a Director of the Company

To re-elect Mr JAJ Loots as a Director of the Company

To re-elect Mr RG Still as a Director of the Company

To re-elect Ms YB Sitole as a Director of the Company

To re-elect Mrs HH Hickey as a Director of the Company

To increase the maximum ordinary aggregate fees of the 
Directors to a sum not exceeding £500,000 per annum

To re-appoint Deloitte LLP as auditors of the Company and to 
authorise the Directors to determine their remuneration

SPECIAL BUSINESS:

9

To authorise the Directors to allot equity securities

If this form is signed and returned without any indication as to how the 

proxy  shall  vote,  he  or  she  will  exercise  his  or  her  discretion  both  as 

to how he or she votes (and whether or not he or she abstains from 

voting). 

* 

 The ‘Vote Withheld’ option is to enable you to abstain on the specified resolution. 
Please note a ‘Vote Withheld’ has no legal effect and will not be counted in the 
votes ‘For’ and ‘Against’.

**   If you select ‘Discretionary’ or fail to select any of the given options, the proxy is 

authorised to vote (or abstain from voting) at his or her discretion on the specified 
resolution. The proxy is also authorised to vote (or abstain from voting) on any 
other business, which may properly come before the meeting.

Print Name: 

Signature:

Address:

(BLOCK CAPITALS)

Dated this

day of 

       2012

For

Against

withheld* Discretionary**

Voting 

Notes
1 

 To  appoint  as  a  proxy  a  person  other  than  the  Chairman  of  the  Meeting  insert  the 
full  name  in  the  space  provided. To  appoint  more  than  one  proxy  you  may  photocopy 
this  form.  Please  indicate  the  proxy  holder’s  name  and  the  number  of  shares  in  relation 
to which they are authorised to act as your proxy (which, in aggregate, should not exceed 
the number of shares held by you). Please also indicate if the proxy instruction is one of 
multiple instructions being given. All forms must be signed and should be returned together 
in the same envelope. A proxy need not be a member of the Company.

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

 This form is for use of shareholders only and will be used only in the event of a poll being 
directed or demanded.

 You may, if you wish, delete the words “the Chairman of the Meeting” and substitute the 
names(s) of your choice. Please initial such alteration.

 To  be  effective,  this  form  of  proxy  must  be  lodged  at  the  Company’s  Registrars,  Capita 
Registrars,  PXS,  34  Beckenham  Road,  Beckenham,  BR3  4TU  or  Computershare  Investor 
Services (Pty) Limited, Ground Floor, 70 Marshall Street, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa 
not later than 48 hours before the start of the meeting.

 In the case of a corporation, the form must be executed under its common seal or under 
the hand of an officer or attorney duly authorised in writing.

 In the case of joint holders, the signature of any of them will suffice but the names of all joint 
holders should be shown. The vote of the senior joint holder who tenders a vote whether in 
person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, 
and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand 
in the Register of Members in respect of the joint holding.

 Dematerialised  shareholders  in  South  Africa  who  are  not  own  name  dematerialised 
shareholders and who wish to attend the AGM should instruct their CSDP or broker to 
issue them with the necessary authority to attend the meeting in person, in the manner 
stipulated in the custody agreement governing the relationship between such shareholders 
and their CSDP or broker. These instructions must be provided to the CSDP or broker by 
the cut-off time and date advised by the CSDP or broker for instructions of this nature. 
Dematerialised  shareholders  in  South  Africa  who  are  not  own  name  dematerialised 
shareholders  and  who  cannot  attend  but  who  wish  to  vote  at  the AGM  should  provide 
their CSDP or broker with their voting instructions, in the manner stipulated in the custody 
agreement governing the relationship between such shareholders and their CSDP or broker. 
These instructions must be provided to the CSDP or broker by the cut-off time and date 
advised by the CSDP or broker for instructions of this nature.

8 

 Shares held in uncertificated form (ie. in CREST) may be voted through the CREST Proxy 
Voting Service in accordance with the procedures set out in the CREST manual.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 163

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Second Fold

POSTAGE WILL 
BE PAID BY THE 
ADDRESSEE

NO POSTAGE 
NECESSARY 
IF POSTED IN 
SOUTH AFRICA

l

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BUSINESS REPLY SERVICE

LICENCE NO. J 5563

2107 MARSHALLTOWN

Third Fold

and tuck in flap opposite

 
Form of Proxy - Pan African Resources PLC

(Incorporated and registered in England and Wales under Companies Act 1985
with registration number 3937466 on 25 February 2000)
Share code AIM: PAF        ISIN: GB0004300496          Share code JSE: PAN

This Form of Proxy is for use by all non-South African shareholders and for South African certificated shareholders and South African own name 
dematerialised shareholders only.
I/We, the undersigned, being a member of the above-named company, hereby appoint the Chairman of the Meeting or (see note 1).

Name of proxy 

Number of shares proxies appointed over

as my/our proxy to attend, speak and vote on my/our behalf at the Annual General Meeting of Pan African Resources PLC to be held at the office of 
Canaccord Genuity Limited, Eighth Floor, 88 Wood Street, London EC2V 7QR at 10:00 on 30 November 2012 and at any adjournment thereof. 
If you wish to appoint multiple proxies please see note 1 below.   Please also tick here if you are appointing more than one proxy.
The proxy will vote on the undermentioned resolutions, as indicated.

ORDINARY BUSINESS:

For

Against

withheld* Discretionary**

Voting 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

To receive the accounts and the reports of 
the directors and auditors thereon

To re-elect Mr JP Nelson as a Director of the Company

To re-elect Mr JAJ Loots as a Director of the Company

To re-elect Mr RG Still as a Director of the Company

To re-elect Ms YB Sitole as a Director of the Company

To re-elect Mrs HH Hickey as a Director of the Company

To increase the maximum ordinary aggregate fees of the 
Directors to a sum not exceeding £500,000 per annum

To re-appoint Deloitte LLP as auditors of the Company and to 
authorise the Directors to determine their remuneration

SPECIAL BUSINESS:

9

To authorise the Directors to allot equity securities

If this form is signed and returned without any indication as to how the 

proxy  shall  vote,  he  or  she  will  exercise  his  or  her  discretion  both  as 

to how he or she votes (and whether or not he or she abstains from 

voting). 

* 

 The ‘Vote Withheld’ option is to enable you to abstain on the specified resolution. 
Please note a ‘Vote Withheld’ has no legal effect and will not be counted in the 
votes ‘For’ and ‘Against’.

**   If you select ‘Discretionary’ or fail to select any of the given options, the proxy is 

authorised to vote (or abstain from voting) at his or her discretion on the specified 
resolution. The proxy is also authorised to vote (or abstain from voting) on any 
other business, which may properly come before the meeting.

Print Name: 

Signature:

Address:

(BLOCK CAPITALS)

Dated this

day of 

       2012

For

Against

withheld* Discretionary**

Voting 

Notes
1 

 To  appoint  as  a  proxy  a  person  other  than  the  Chairman  of  the  Meeting  insert  the 
full  name  in  the  space  provided. To  appoint  more  than  one  proxy  you  may  photocopy 
this  form.  Please  indicate  the  proxy  holder’s  name  and  the  number  of  shares  in  relation 
to which they are authorised to act as your proxy (which, in aggregate, should not exceed 
the number of shares held by you). Please also indicate if the proxy instruction is one of 
multiple instructions being given. All forms must be signed and should be returned together 
in the same envelope. A proxy need not be a member of the Company.

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

 This form is for use of shareholders only and will be used only in the event of a poll being 
directed or demanded.

 You may, if you wish, delete the words “the Chairman of the Meeting” and substitute the 
names(s) of your choice. Please initial such alteration.

 To  be  effective,  this  form  of  proxy  must  be  lodged  at  the  Company’s  Registrars,  Capita 
Registrars,  PXS,  34  Beckenham  Road,  Beckenham,  BR3  4TU  or  Computershare  Investor 
Services (Pty) Limited, Ground Floor, 70 Marshall Street, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa 
not later than 48 hours before the start of the meeting.

 In the case of a corporation, the form must be executed under its common seal or under 
the hand of an officer or attorney duly authorised in writing.

 In the case of joint holders, the signature of any of them will suffice but the names of all joint 
holders should be shown. The vote of the senior joint holder who tenders a vote whether in 
person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, 
and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand 
in the Register of Members in respect of the joint holding.

 Dematerialised  shareholders  in  South  Africa  who  are  not  own  name  dematerialised 
shareholders and who wish to attend the AGM should instruct their CSDP or broker to 
issue them with the necessary authority to attend the meeting in person, in the manner 
stipulated in the custody agreement governing the relationship between such shareholders 
and their CSDP or broker. These instructions must be provided to the CSDP or broker by 
the cut-off time and date advised by the CSDP or broker for instructions of this nature. 
Dematerialised  shareholders  in  South  Africa  who  are  not  own  name  dematerialised 
shareholders  and  who  cannot  attend  but  who  wish  to  vote  at  the AGM  should  provide 
their CSDP or broker with their voting instructions, in the manner stipulated in the custody 
agreement governing the relationship between such shareholders and their CSDP or broker. 
These instructions must be provided to the CSDP or broker by the cut-off time and date 
advised by the CSDP or broker for instructions of this nature.

8 

 Shares held in uncertificated form (ie. in CREST) may be voted through the CREST Proxy 
Voting Service in accordance with the procedures set out in the CREST manual.

Pan African Resources PLC 

Annual Report 2012 163

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Reply
Licence Number
RSBH-UXKS-LRBC

Third fold and tuck in

1

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PXS
34 Beckenham Road
BECKENHAM
BR3 4TU

Third Fold

 
In the coming year:

•  No further major acquisitions

•  Successful integration of Evander Gold Mines

•  Commissioning of BTRP

•    Continue to safely optimise profits from 

the operations in the Group

•  Complete the divestment of Manica Project

•  Resume dividend payment

The African Focused Precious Metals Producer

ww w. p anaf ri canresources.com
www.panafricanresources.com

www.panafricanresources.com