ANNUAL REPORT
PAN AMERICAN SILVER
Pan American Silver is the world’s
table of contents
premier silver mining company, with
large silver reserves and a diversified
portfolio of producing mines.
Our asset portfolio offers unparalleled upside for
investors seeking exposure to silver through the
potential restart of the Escobal mine and development
of the Navidad project, as well as our major exploration
discovery at La Colorada. In 2019, we celebrate our silver
anniversary: 25 years of operating in Latin America,
earning an industry-leading reputation for operational
excellence and corporate social responsibility.
PAAS: NASDAQ AND TSX
PANAMERICANSILVER.COM
1
2
4
6
7
2018 highlights and 2019 guidance
chairman’s message
president’s message
advisory
management’s discussion
and analysis
68
consolidated financial
statements
ibc
corporate information
silver production and cash costs(1)
net cash generated from operating
activities and silver price
)
z
o
m
(
n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
e
v
l
i
s
28
21
14
7
0
12
9
6
3
0
)
z
o
/
$
(
s
t
s
o
c
h
s
a
c
)
s
n
o
i
l
l
i
m
$
(
w
o
fl
h
s
a
c
g
n
i
t
a
r
e
p
o
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
20
15
10
5
0
i
)
z
o
/
$
(
e
c
r
p
r
e
v
l
i
s
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Silver Production
Cash Costs
Net Cash Generated
Silver Price
Certain of the statements and information in this annual report constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws. Please
refer to page six of this annual report for an important note to readers regarding forward-looking statements and information.
All financial data in this report is stated in US dollars (“USD”) unless otherwise noted.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
PAN AMERICAN SILVER | 1
(In millions USD, except per share amounts)
Revenue
Net Cash Generated from Operating Activities
Net Earnings (Loss)
Per share (Basic)
Adjusted Earnings (Loss)(2)
Per share (Basic)(2)
Cash and Short-Term Investments
Total Debt(3)
Working Capital(4)
Dividends
Per share
2018
784.5
155.0
12.0
0.07
59.4
0.39
212.5
6.7
397.8
21.3
0.14
2017
816.8
224.6
123.5
0.79
77.7
0.51
227.5
10.6
410.8
15.3
0.10
OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS & 2019 GUIDANCE
Performance Measure
Silver production (million ounces)
Gold production (thousand ounces)
Base metal production (thousand tonnes)
Zinc
Lead
Copper
Cash costs per ounce(1)
All-in sustaining costs per silver ounce sold (aiscsos)(5)
2018 Guidance(6)
2018 Actual
2019 Guidance(7)
25.0 – 26.5
175 – 185
60.0 – 62.0
21.0 – 22.0
12.0 – 12.5
$3.60 – $4.60
$9.30 – $10.80
24.8
178.9
64.8
22.4
9.8
$3.35
$10.73
26.5 – 27.5
162.5 – 172.5
65.0 – 67.0
24.0 – 25.0
9.8 – 10.3
$6.50 – $7.50
$10.80 – $12.30
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
AVERAGE MARKET METAL PRICES
$ millions
2018
Guidance
2018 Actual
Sustaining capital(8)
100 – 105
Project capital(8)
50
Total
150 – 155
105.2
41.3
146.5
2019
Guidance
85 – 90
30
115 – 120
Silver ($/ounce)
Gold ($/ounce)
Zinc ($/tonne)
Lead ($/tonne)
Copper ($/tonne)
2018
15.71
1,268
2,922
2,242
6,523
2017
17.05
1,257
2,896
2,317
6,166
(1) Non-GAAP measure. Cash costs is calculated as the net cost of producing
an ounce of silver, our primary payable metal, after deducting revenues
gained from incidental by-product metals production.
(2) Non-GAAP measure. The Company considers adjusted earnings to better
reflect normalized earnings, as it eliminates items that may be volatile from
period to period, or relate to positions that will settle in future periods.
(3) Non-GAAP measure. Total debt is calculated as the total current and non-
current portions of long-term debt, finance lease liabilities, and loans payable.
(4) Non-GAAP measure. Working capital is calculated as current assets less
current liabilities.
(5) Non-GAAP measure. All-in sustaining costs per silver ounce sold, net of
by-products, reflects the full cost of operating our consolidated business
because it includes the cost of replacing silver ounces through exploration,
the cost of ongoing capital investments (sustaining capital), general and
administrative expenses, as well as other items that affect the Company’s
consolidated cash flow.
These non-GAAP measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed
by GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures
presented by other companies. Please refer to the Alternative Performance
(Non-GAAP) Measures section in the Management’s Discussion & Analysis
for the period ended December 31, 2018 (the MD&A) for further information
on these measures.
(6) Original Guidance provided in the Company’s news release dated
January 11, 2018.
(7) Guidance provided in the Company’s news release dated January
21, 2019; this guidance does not include the Tahoe assets acquired as of
February 22, 2019. Cash costs and AISCSOS guidance for 2019 are based on
the following metal price and exchange rate assumptions: $14.50 per ounce
of silver, $1,250 per ounce of gold, $2,600 per tonne of zinc, $1,950 per
tonne of lead, and $6,150 per tonne of copper, 19.50 Mexican pesos per USD,
3.3 Peruvian soles per USD, 41.80 Argentine pesos per USD, 6.91 Bolivian
bolivianos per USD, $1.30 Canadian dollars per USD.
(8) The sustaining capital total amounts capitalized in 2018 were $0.8
million less than the $106.0 million of 2018 sustaining capital cash outflows.
Project capital amounts capitalized in 2018 were $3.4 million less than the
$44.7 million of 2018 project capital cash outflows. The sustaining capital
cash outflows are included in the 2018 AISCSOS calculation, shown in the
“Alternative Performance (non-GAAP) Measures” section in the MD&A,
and in the tables included for the individual mines in the “Individual Mine
Performance” section of the MD&A; these amounts are different than the
amounts capitalized in the period, which are provided in the table above.
These differences are due to the timing difference between the cash payment
of capital investments compared with the period in which investments are
capitalized.
For historical financial and operating data, please see “Interactive Financials” at panamericansilver.com.
2 | 2018 ANNUAL REPORT
CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE
SILVER ANNIVERSARY EDITION
Dear Fellow Shareholders,
I cannot express enough my pride and
pleasure in writing this message on
the occasion of Pan American Silver’s
Jubilee. Twenty five years ago - in March
1994 - I began Pan American with a
simple mission: to build the world’s
biggest and best silver mining company.
It was a bold plan at a time when our share price
was only $0.09 and we had no assets. Yet with drive,
persistence and teamwork, we have succeeded in
building a great company and are now at the brink
of achieving this mission. More than this, we have
done so while building and maintaining a reputation
for excellence - in mining, exploration, engineering,
innovation and environmental and social responsibility.
We began our life as a silver company with exploration
projects in Mexico in 1994, and then with the
acquisition of the Quiruvilca Mine in Peru in 1995.
We expanded that mine and then acquired the La
Colorada and San Vicente mines in Mexico and Bolivia,
respectively, expanding both operations over time. We
spent four tough years from 1996 to 2000 working on
constructing the Dukat mine in Russia but were bought
out there in 2001. In 2000, we acquired the Huaron
mine in Peru, in 2002 the Manantial Espejo project in
Argentina, and in 2004 the Morococha mine in Peru.
We reopened Huaron in 2002, expanded Morococha
in 2004 and constructed Manantial Espejo in 2007.
In 2003, we added the Alamo Dorado project to our
portfolio and constructed a mine there in 2006. We
acquired the Navidad project in Argentina in 2010 and
the Dolores mine in Mexico in 2012. These operations
have been the backbone of the company until today,
although Alamo Dorado is now depleted and closed.
I have been so privileged to work with our outstanding
teams at all our operations, exploration projects and
administration offices. Mining is a tough, risky business
but our teams have shown that mining can occur
in a way that benefits our employees, contractors,
communities, countries we work in, as well as our
shareholders - and without harm to the environment.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER | 3
Mining is a cyclical industry. The key to our success has
been to create exposure to higher silver prices during
down markets and benefit from this exposure when
prices are strong. Our exposure to silver has come both
from large silver production at our operating mines as
well as our enormous silver reserves and resources.
Late in 2001, we experienced great stress when silver
prices reached record lows, but fortunately markets
turned higher early in 2002 and we never looked back
as the silver price rose from around $4 an ounce to a
high of about $49 an ounce in 2011. Since 2011, the
silver price has declined but I am optimistic it is again
in a secular bullish trend that will see its price exceed
historic highs.
We had two big events in 2018. The first was a major
discovery of silver-lead-zinc-copper mineralization at
our La Colorada mine. While it’s too early to quantify,
I expect further exploration will outline a world-class
polymetallic deposit that will support a major new
mine. The second was our offer to acquire Tahoe
Resources, which closed in early 2019, bringing five
mines, including the huge Escobal silver mine
in Guatemala.
And so we begin our next 25 years in 2019 with a
focus on getting the world-class Escobal mine back
in production and advancing our giant Navidad
silver deposit in Argentina. Pan American expects to
produce about 27 million ounces of silver this year.
Escobal would have the potential to increase our silver
production close to 50 million ounces and Navidad
would further increase our silver output dramatically.
What a wonderful outlook for the years to come!
While many years during our first quarter century
were turbulent and difficult, we weathered the storms
with success. Now I think the skies have cleared,
allowing us to see a long, healthy life ahead for our
company. The greatest asset of Pan American Silver
has always been the thousands of people who work
every day to make us a great company with a great
reputation. I’m sure you will understand my pride
and pleasure in working with such fine people for so
many years as we built such an outstanding company.
Onward and upward we go!
Ross Beaty, Chairman
March 12, 2019
4 | 2018 ANNUAL REPORT
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
Dear Shareholders,
In 2019, Pan American will celebrate its
silver anniversary – 25 years of growth
and creating value for our shareholders,
employees and communities. Our Board
Chair, Ross Beaty, set the vision for Pan
American when he founded the company
in 1994: to build the largest and best
silver company in the world.
It is most fitting on our 25th anniversary that we took
a major step in fulfilling that vision. Our acquisition of
Tahoe Resources doubles our silver reserves(1), expands
our geographic diversification, and results in Pan
American becoming the largest publicly-traded silver
mining company by free float.
The acquisition of Tahoe is consistent with our
disciplined management of capital. Our approach
reflects diligence, preparation and timing. Diligence -
in our quest to generate accretive growth for
shareholders, we explored many possibilities and
evaluated numerous transactions. None were as
logical as the combination of Pan American and
Tahoe, nor offered a similar risk to reward opportunity.
Preparation - over 2018, we continued to strengthen
our balance sheet, repaying all of our bank debt and
using the excess free cash flow to build a strong cash
position. Timing - we remained patient and waited for
the right time in the precious metals market to pursue
a transaction. The result is the right transaction at the
right time for our shareholders.
mines to our portfolio, three in Latin America where
we have a long history of working, and two in Canada.
We expect to capture valuable synergies through the
integration of our two businesses.
Through our acquisition of Tahoe, we also became the
owner of the Escobal mine in Guatemala - one of the
best silver mines in the world. Escobal has proven and
probable silver reserves totaling 264 million ounces(2).
Its production was approximately 20 million ounces at
all-in sustaining costs of about $9 an ounce during the
last four quarters it was in production(2)(3). Operations
have been suspended since mid-2017, and an ILO 169
consultation process, led by Guatemalan Ministry
of Energy and Mines (“MEM”), must be completed
to reinstate the mining license for Escobal. We will
support MEM on the ILO 169 consultation process, as
well as work towards gaining the support of the local
communities for the mine’s operation. We structured
the acquisition of Tahoe with a portion of the payment
made only when operations restart at Escobal to help
mitigate the risk associated with re-opening that mine.
A priority in 2019 will be integrating Tahoe’s assets
and people into our operations. We are adding five new
We believe our proven 25-year track record of
responsibly constructing and operating mines in Latin
PAN AMERICAN SILVER | 5
America, and building relationships with communities
and Indigenous groups, will help to earn a lasting social
license for operations at Escobal. Earning that trust will
take time, and cannot be taken for granted.
In 2018, we also achieved progress growing organically
with the most significant exploration discovery in our
history. Exploration drilling at our La Colorada mine has
discovered wide intercepts of high-grade, polymetallic
skarn and manto mineralization. The exploration
results indicate the potential to substantially expand
the mineral resources and production at La Colorada.
A 42,000 metre drilling program in 2019 is aimed at
defining a first resource estimate later this year. In
addition to this exciting discovery, the expansion we
recently completed at La Colorada is exceeding design
capacity, providing a strong return on invested capital.
La Colorada has proven to be a very profitable mine,
and this new development indicates a promising future.
Our projects at COSE and Joaquin are advancing well,
although we expect a later startup of production,
which will push some silver and gold ounces originally
anticipated in 2019 into future years. The delay does
not change our outlook for 21 million ounces of silver
and about 135,000 ounces of gold production over a
three-year period from our Manantial Espejo/COSE/
Joaquin asset.
Operations during 2018 performed largely in line
with expectations. We produced 24.8 million ounces
of silver, similar to 2017 production and marginally
less than our guidance. Production was lower than
expected at Dolores and San Vicente, partly offset by
higher-than-forecast production at Morococha, which
set an annual record. Cash costs of $3.35 per ounce
were the lowest on record since 2006, beating our
original guidance and in line with revised guidance
issued mid-year.
In 2018, our operations generated $155 million of cash
flow. Net earnings of $12.0 million, or $0.07 per share,
were impacted by a $27.8 million impairment charge
related to the Manantial Espejo/COSE/Joaquin assets.
Adjusted earnings were $59.4 million, or $0.39 per
share. We paid out a total of $21.3 million in dividends
in 2018, reflecting the 40% increase in the dividend
we introduced at the beginning of 2018. That brings
the total amount of cash returned to our shareholders
since 2010 through dividends and share buy-backs
to $424 million. Following the close of our acquisition
of Tahoe, we continue to have one of the strongest
balance sheets in our sector.
The precious metals market was challenging during
2018, with silver prices near a nine-year low. While
industrial demand, which represents about 60% of
total silver demand, remained strong and is expected
to grow(4), investment demand was weak, reflecting
strong equity markets that diminished the appeal of
safe-haven investments, such as precious metals. We
do expect investment demand to strengthen, based on
signs that Central Banks will slow down the tightening
of monetary policy.
As we celebrate Pan American’s silver anniversary, I
am very excited about the future of the company. We
have a diversified and superior portfolio of assets,
a strong financial position and a highly experienced
management team. We offer optionality and upside
with the potential restart of the Escobal mine,
our major discovery at La Colorada and potential
development of the Navidad project.
I am very proud of our strong team, and I would
specifically like to congratulate Matt Andrews
and Monica Moretto, who were recipients of the
Robert R. Hedley Award for Excellence in Social and
Environmental Responsibility from the Association
for Mineral Exploration. Responsible development
that respects the environment and communities is
the cornerstone of our business operations, and the
foundation for our future success.
Michael Steinmann, President and CEO
March 12, 2019
The leading investment vehicle for investors seeking exposure to silver.
(1) Pan American’s proven and probable mineral reserves as at December 31, 2018 are estimated to contain approximately 280 million ounces of silver,
as disclosed in our news release dated February 21, 2019. Tahoe’s proven and probable mineral reserves as at January 1, 2018 are estimated to contain
approximately 288 million ounces of silver, as disclosed in its news release dated February 15, 2018.
(2) A description of Escobal’s mineral resources and mineral reserves, production, and all-in sustaining costs is included in the individual property
descriptions contained in Tahoe’s annual report on Form 40-F and Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2017, available on SEDAR
(www.sedar.com) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov).
(3) All-in sustaining costs is a non-GAAP measures; see the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section in the management’s discussion & analysis of Tahoe for
the period ended December 31, 2017, available on SEDAR (www.sedar.com) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov).
(4) Metals Focus, Silver Five-Year Forecasting Quarterly, December 2018.
6 | 2018 ANNUAL REPORT
Non-GAAP Measures
This annual report of Pan American Silver Corp. and its subsidiaries
(collectively, “Pan American Silver”, the “Company”, “we” or “our”) refers to
various non-GAAP measures, such as: cash costs per payable ounce of silver,
net of by-product credits (“cash costs”); all-in sustaining cost per silver
ounce sold (“AISCSOS”); total debt; adjusted earnings; and adjusted earnings
per share. These measures do not have a standardized meaning prescribed
by IFRS as an indicator of performance, and may differ from methods used
by other companies. Readers should refer to the Alternative Performance
(non-GAAP) Measures section of Pan American’s Management’s Discussion
and Analysis for the period ended December 31, 2018, available at
www.sedar.com.
Reporting Currency and Financial Information
Unless we have specified otherwise, all references to dollar amounts or $ are
to United States dollars.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information
Certain of the statements and information in this annual report constitute
“forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information”
within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws. All
statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking
statements or information. Forward-looking statements or information in this
annual report relate to, among other things, future financial or operational
performance, including our estimated production of silver, gold and other
metals in 2019 and the estimated production that can be achieved at our
Cap-Oeste Sur Este (“COSE”) and Joaquin projects, the Escobal mine upon
restart of its operations, and Navidad, as well as the timing of any such
production; our estimated cash costs, AISCSOS, sustaining capital, and
capital investments in 2019; our expectations with respect to future prices
of silver and other precious metals; the expected trends of global industrial
and investment demand for silver; the timing and success of our exploration
programs, development and other capital investment projects, including, but
not limited to, results of the expansion and the anticipated drilling program at
La Colorada and potential development of Navidad; the disclosure of future
mineral reserve and resource information and timing thereof; growth profile,
opportunities, and operational synergies as result of our acquisition of and
integration with Tahoe; and the success of our community engagement at
Escobal. These statements and information reflect Pan American’s current
views with respect to future events and are necessarily based upon a
number of assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Pan American,
are inherently subject to significant operational, business, economic and
regulatory uncertainties and contingencies. These assumptions include: our
ability to successfully integrate the operations and employees and realize
synergies and cost savings at the times, and to the extent, anticipated;
tonnage of ore to be mined and processed; ore grades and recoveries;
prices for silver, gold and base metals remaining as estimated; currency
exchange rates remaining as estimated; capital, decommissioning and
reclamation estimates; our mineral reserve and resource estimates and the
assumptions upon which they are based; prices for energy inputs, labour,
materials, supplies and services (including transportation); no labour-related
disruptions at any of our operations; no unplanned delays or interruptions
in scheduled production; all necessary permits, licenses and regulatory
approvals for our operations are received in a timely manner; and our ability
to comply with environmental, health and safety laws. The foregoing list of
assumptions is not exhaustive.
Pan American cautions the reader that forward-looking statements and
information involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors that may cause actual results and developments to differ materially
from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements or
information contained in this annual report and Pan American has made
assumptions and estimates based on or related to many of these factors.
Such factors include, without limitation: restart of the Escobal mine,
exploration program at La Colorada, development of Navidad, fluctuations
in silver, gold and base metal prices; fluctuations in prices for energy
inputs, labour, materials, supplies and services (including transportation);
fluctuations in currency markets (such as the Canadian dollar, Peruvian
sol, Mexican peso, Argentine peso, Bolivian boliviano and Guatemalan
quetzal versus the U.S. dollar); operational risks and hazards inherent with
the business of mining (including environmental accidents and hazards,
industrial accidents, equipment breakdown, unusual or unexpected
geological or structural formations, cave-ins, flooding and severe weather);
risks relating to the credit worthiness or financial condition of suppliers,
refiners and other parties with whom Pan American does business;
inadequate insurance, or inability to obtain insurance, to cover these risks
and hazards; employee relations; relationships with, and claims by, local
communities and indigenous populations; our ability to obtain all necessary
permits, licenses and regulatory approvals in a timely manner; changes in
laws, regulations and government practices in the jurisdictions where we
operate, including environmental, export and import laws and regulations;
diminishing quantities or grades of mineral reserves as properties are
mined; increased competition in the mining industry for equipment and
qualified personnel; and those factors identified under the caption “Risks
Related to Pan American’s Business” in Pan American’s most recent form
40-F and Annual Information Form and under the caption “Risk Factors”
in Pan American’s management information circular filed in respect to the
special meeting of its shareholders on January 8, 2019, as well as those
factors identified in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s
management information circular dated December 4, 2018 with respect to
the arrangement with Tahoe, each filed with the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission and Canadian provincial securities regulatory
authorities, respectively. Although Pan American has attempted to identify
important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, there
may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated,
described or intended. Investors are cautioned against undue reliance on
forward-looking statements or information. Forward-looking statements and
information are designed to help readers understand management’s current
views of our near and longer term prospects and may not be appropriate
for other purposes. Pan American does not intend, nor does it assume any
obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements or information,
whether as a result of new information, changes in assumptions, future
events or otherwise, except to the extent required by applicable law.
Technical Information
Technical information contained in this annual report with respect to Pan
American Silver Corp. has been reviewed and approved by Martin Wafforn,
P.Eng., SVP Technical Services and Process Optimization, and Chris Emerson,
FAusIMM, VP Business Development and Geology, who are the Company’s
qualified persons for the purposes of Canadian National Instrument 43-
101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (‘‘NI 43-101’’). Mineral
reserves and mineral resources in this annual report were prepared under the
supervision of, or were reviewed by, Martin Wafforn and Chris Emerson.
Technical disclosure in this annual report for the Company’s material mineral
properties is based on technical reports prepared for those properties, which
are filed at www.sedar.com. For additional information about the Company’s
material mineral properties, other than the Joaquin property, please refer to
the Company’s Annual Information Form dated March 12, 2019, and technical
reports with respect to material mineral properties and the Joaquin property,
each filed at www.sedar.com.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Regarding References to Mineral
Reserves and Resources
This annual report has been prepared in accordance with the requirements
of Canadian securities laws, which differ from the requirements of U.S.
securities laws. Unless otherwise indicated, all mineral reserve and mineral
resource estimates included in this annual report have been disclosed in
accordance with Canadian NI 43-101) and the Canadian Institute of Mining,
Metallurgy and Petroleum Definition Standards. NI 43-101 is a rule developed
by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for
all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information
concerning mineral projects.
Canadian public disclosure standards, including NI 43-101, differ
significantly from the requirements of the SEC, and information concerning
mineralization, deposits, mineral reserve and resource information contained
or referred to herein may not be comparable to similar information disclosed
by U.S. companies. In particular, and without limiting the generality of
the foregoing, this annual report uses the terms ‘‘measured resources’’,
‘‘indicated resources’’ and ‘‘inferred resources’’. U.S. investors are advised
that, while such terms are recognized and required by Canadian securities
laws, the SEC does not recognize them. The requirements of NI 43-101
for identification of ‘‘reserves’’ are not the same as those of the SEC, and
reserves reported by Pan American Silver in compliance with NI 43-101
may not qualify as ‘‘reserves’’ under SEC standards. Under U.S. standards,
mineralization may not be classified as a ‘‘reserve’’ unless the determination
has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally
produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made.
U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of a “measured
resource” or “indicated resource” will ever be converted into a “reserve”.
U.S. investors should also understand that “inferred resources” have a great
amount of uncertainty as to their existence and great uncertainty as to their
economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of
“inferred resources” exist, are economically or legally mineable or will ever
be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian securities laws, estimated
“inferred resources” may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility
studies except in rare cases. Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a mineral
resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian securities laws. However,
the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does
not constitute “reserves” by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade,
without reference to unit measures. Accordingly, information concerning
mineral deposits set forth herein may not be comparable with information
made public by companies that report in accordance with U.S. standards.
Management’s Discussion
and Analysis
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Core Business and Strategy
2018 Highlights
2019 Operating Outlook
Operating Performance
Project Development Update
Overview of 2018 Financial Results
Liquidity Position and Capital Resources
Closure and Decommissioning Cost Provision
Related Party Transactions
Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures
Risks and Uncertainties
Significant Judgments and Key Sources of Estimation
Uncertainty in the Application of Accounting Policies
Changes in Accounting Standards
Corporate Governance, Social Responsibility, and
Environmental Stewardship
Subsequent Events
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Mineral Reserves and Resources and Technical
Information
Cautionary Note
8
9
10
11
16
29
30
40
42
42
43
49
57
57
59
61
61
63
66
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
7
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
March 12, 2019
INTRODUCTION
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the significant factors
that influence the performance of Pan American Silver Corp. and its subsidiaries (collectively “Pan American”, “we”,
“us”, “our” or the “Company”) and such factors that may affect its future performance. This MD&A should be read
in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018
(the “2018 Financial Statements”) and the related notes contained therein. All amounts in this MD&A and the 2018
Financial Statements are expressed in United States dollars (“USD”), unless identified otherwise. The Company reports
its financial position, results of operations and cash flows in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). Pan American’s significant
accounting policies are set out in Note 3 of the 2018 Financial Statements.
This MD&A refers to various non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“non-GAAP”) measures, such as “all-in
sustaining cost per silver ounce sold", “cash costs per ounce of silver”, "total debt", “working capital", “general and
administrative cost per silver ounce produced”, “adjusted earnings” and “basic adjusted earnings per share”, which
are used by the Company to manage and evaluate operating performance at each of the Company’s mines and are
widely reported in the mining industry as benchmarks for performance, but do not have standardized meaning under
IFRS. To facilitate a better understanding of these non-GAAP measures as calculated by the Company, additional
information has been provided in this MD&A. Please refer to the section of this MD&A entitled “Alternative
Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” for a detailed description of “all-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold”, “cash
costs per ounce of silver”, “working capital”, “general and administrative cost per silver ounce produced”, “adjusted
earnings“ and “basic adjusted earnings per share”, as well as details of the Company’s by-product credits and a
reconciliation of these measures to the 2018 Financial Statements.
Any reference to “cash costs” or “cash costs per ounce of silver” in this MD&A should be understood to mean cash
costs per ounce of silver, net of by-product credits. Any reference to “AISCSOS” in this MD&A should be understood
to mean all-in sustaining costs per silver ounce sold, net of by-product credits.
Except for historical information contained in this MD&A, the following disclosures are forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within
the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws, or are future oriented financial information and as
such, are based on an assumed set of economic conditions and courses of action. Please refer to the cautionary note
regarding forward-looking statements and information at the back of this MD&A and the “Risks Related to Pan
American’s Business” contained in the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form on file with the Canadian
provincial securities regulatory authorities and Form 40-F on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”). Additional information about Pan American and its business activities, including its Annual Information
Form, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
8
CORE BUSINESS AND STRATEGY
Pan American engages in silver mining and related activities, including exploration, mine development, extraction,
processing, refining and reclamation. As of December 31, 2018 the Company owned and operated silver mines
located in Peru, Mexico, Argentina, and Bolivia. In addition, the Company is exploring for new silver deposits and
opportunities throughout North and South America. As further discussed in the section of this MD&A entitled
“Subsequent Events", on February 22, 2019 the Company completed a transaction (the "Tahoe Acquisition") whereby
Pan American acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Tahoe Resources Inc. ("Tahoe"). The Tahoe core
assets include: the La Arena and Shahuindo gold mines, located in northwestern Peru; the Bell Creek gold mine and
mill and the Timmins West gold mine (together, the “Timmins mines”), located in northeastern Ontario, Canada; and
the currently suspended Escobal silver mine, located in southeastern Guatemala. Other than in the "Subsequent
Events" section of this MD&A, there is no discussion and analysis or any operating outlook relating to any of the Tahoe
assets included in this MD&A. The Company is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (Symbol: PAAS) and on the Nasdaq
Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) in New York (Symbol: PAAS).
Pan American’s vision is to be the world’s pre-eminent silver producer, with a reputation for excellence in discovery,
engineering, innovation and sustainable development. To achieve this vision, we base our business on the following
strategy:
• Generate sustainable profits and superior returns on investments through the safe, efficient and environmentally
sound development and operation of silver assets.
• Constantly replace and grow our mineable silver reserves and resources through targeted near-mine exploration
and global business development.
• Foster positive long-term relationships with our employees, our shareholders, our communities and our local
governments through open and honest communication and ethical and sustainable business practices.
• Continually search for opportunities to upgrade and improve the quality of our silver assets both internally and
through acquisition.
• Encourage our employees to be innovative, responsive and entrepreneurial throughout our entire organization.
To execute this strategy, Pan American has assembled a sector-leading team of mining professionals with a depth of
knowledge and experience in all aspects of our business, which enables the Company to confidently advance early
stage projects through construction and into operation.
Pan American is determined to conduct its business in a responsible and sustainable manner. Caring for the
environment in which we operate, contributing to the long-term development of our host communities and ensuring
that our employees can work in a safe and secure manner are core values at Pan American. We are committed to
maintaining positive relations with our employees, the local communities and the government agencies, all of whom
we view as partners in our enterprise.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
9
2018 HIGHLIGHTS
Operations & Project Development
• Silver production of 24.8 million ounces
Consolidated silver production of 24.8 million ounces was similar to the 25.0 million ounces produced in 2017. Silver
production was marginally less than the guidance range of 25.0 million to 26.5 million ounces, as provided in the
2017 annual MD&A dated March 22, 2018 (the "Original Guidance"). The slight production shortfall was primarily
due to shortfalls at Dolores and San Vicente, partially offset by higher than forecast production at Morococha, which
set an annual record.
• Gold production of 178.9 thousand ounces
Consolidated gold production was 178.9 thousand ounces in 2018 compared to 160.0 thousand ounces produced in
2017. The 12% increase reflects increased production from Dolores, as a result of higher grades, which more than
offset the anticipated production decrease at Manantial Espejo. 2018 gold production was within the Original
Guidance range of 175.0 thousand to 185.0 thousand ounces.
• Record annual base metal production
Zinc production was a record 64.8 thousand tonnes in 2018, 17% higher than in 2017, and was 5% higher than the
Original Guidance range of 60.0 thousand tonnes to 62.0 thousand tonnes.
Lead production was a record 22.4 thousand tonnes, up 4% from 2017 and was higher than the Original Guidance
range of 21.0 thousand to 22.0 thousand tonnes, driven by increased production at San Vicente, Morococha and La
Colorada, reflecting higher grades at all three mines, along with increased throughput at La Colorada.
Copper production of 9.8 thousand tonnes was 27% lower than in 2017, largely due to mine sequencing at Morococha.
2018 annual copper production was 18% lower than the Original Guidance range of 12.0 thousand to 12.5 thousand
tonnes, and was within the revised range of 9.0 thousand to 10.4 thousand tonnes provided on August 8, 2018 (the
"Revised Guidance")
• Cash costs of $3.35 per ounce
Consolidated cash costs of $3.35 per ounce were $1.20 per ounce or 26% lower than in 2017, largely due to increased
by-product credits driven by increased gold, zinc, and lead production, along with higher gold and copper prices. The
2018 annual cash costs were 7% below the low-end of the Original Guidance of $3.60 to $4.60 per ounce, and were
within the Revised Guidance range of $2.80 to $3.80. A record low annual cash cost of $2.02 per ounce was set at La
Colorada.
• Advancement of Joaquin and Cap-Oeste Sur Este ("COSE") project
The Company advanced the development of the COSE and Joaquin projects in Argentina. At Joaquin the initial fleet
of development mining equipment was procured, and the development of the underground mine decline access
continued. Progress on the underground decline was less than planned due to difficult ground conditions, which may
result in the project completion being delaying by approximately two months. At COSE, development of the
underground mine decline access also continued, along with commencement of construction on the first underground
electrical substation. Both projects remain on budget.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
10
Financial
• Revenue, net earnings, and operating cash flows.
Annual revenue in 2018 of $784.5 million was down 4% from 2017, mainly due to lower realized prices for silver, zinc
and lead, partially offset by additional ounces of gold sold in 2018 compared to 2017.
Net earnings were $12.0 million ($0.07 basic earnings per share) compared with $123.5 million ($0.79 basic earnings
per share) in 2017. Net earnings in 2018 included impairment charges of $27.8 million, compared to 2017, which had
$61.6 million of impairment reversals.
Net cash generated from operating activities of $155.0 million was 31% lower than the $224.6 million generated in
2017, driven primarily by decreased revenue, higher cash taxes paid, and negative working capital changes.
Adjusted earnings in 2018 were $59.4 million ($0.39 basic adjusted earnings per share) compared with $77.7 million
($0.51 basic adjusted earnings per share) in 2017. Lower revenue and higher depreciation in 2018 was partially offset
by lower income tax expense and selling costs.
• Strong liquidity and working capital position
As at December 31, 2018, the Company had cash and short-term investment balances of $212.5 million, working
capital of $397.8 million, and $300.0 million available under its undrawn revolving credit facility. During 2018, debt
was reduced by $3.9 million, resulting in year-end debt of $6.7 million, mostly related to finance lease liabilities.
• All-in Sustaining Costs per Silver Ounce Sold (“AISCSOS”)
2018 AISCSOS of $10.73 was similar to the $10.79 recorded in 2017 and was within the Original Guidance range of
$9.30 to $10.80, and was higher than the Revised Guidance range of $8.50 to $10.00.
2019 OPERATING OUTLOOK
These estimates are forward-looking statements and information that are subject to the cautionary note associated
with forward-looking statements and information at the end of this MD&A. The following outlook does not include
the assets acquired under the Tahoe Acquisition that was completed after December 31, 2018. Management intends
to update the 2019 outlook to include these assets along with updated 2019 annual general and administrative costs,
and exploration and project development costs forecasts. We anticipate providing the updated guidance, inclusive
of the Tahoe assets, in the second quarter of 2019. We may also revise guidance during the year to reflect actual
results to date and those anticipated for the remainder of the year. The 2019 production, cash costs and AISCSOS
outlooks for each mine are further discussed in the "2019 Mine Operation Forecasts" section of this MD&A.
2019 Silver Production, Cash Costs and AISCSOS Forecasts:
Silver Production
(million ounces)
La Colorada
Dolores
Huaron
Morococha (92.3%)(2)
San Vicente (95.0%)(2)
Manantial Espejo
Consolidated Total(3)
(1) Cash costs per ounce and AISCSOS are non-GAAP measurements. Please refer to section “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” for a detailed
reconciliation of how these measures are calculated. The cash costs and AISCSOS forecasts assume: metal prices of $14.50/oz for silver, $2,600/tonne
($1.18/lb) for zinc, $1,950/tonne ($0.88/lb) for lead, $6,150/tonne ($2.79/lb) for copper, and $1,250/oz for gold; and, average annual exchange rates
relative to 1 USD of 19.50 for the Mexican peso ("MXN"), 3.33 of the Peruvian sol ("PEN"), 41.80 for the Argentine peso ("ARS"), 6.91 for the Bolivian
boliviano ("BOL"), and $1.30 for the Canadian dollar ("CAD").
8.0 - 8.2
5.2 - 5.5
3.6 - 3.7
2.8 - 2.9
3.5 - 3.7
3.4 - 3.6
26.5 -27.5
AISCSOS ($ per ounce) (1)
3.50 - 4.50
14.00 - 16.00
7.50 - 9.25
7.00 - 9.00
12.25 - 13.50
17.75 - 19.50
10.80 - 12.30
Cash Costs
($ per ounce) (1)
2.50 - 3.50
4.50 - 5.50
6.00 - 7.00
3.10 - 4.00
10.60 - 11.50
17.00 - 18.50
6.50 - 7.50
(2) Reflects Pan American’s ownership in the operation.
(3) Totals may not add up due to rounding.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
11
The Company expects 2019 silver production of between 26.5 million and 27.5 million ounces, which is between 1.7
million (7%) and 2.7 million ounces (11%) more than the 2018 consolidated production of 24.8 million ounces.
Production increases are expected at Dolores, La Colorada and Manantial Espejo, while production at Morococha,
Huaron and San Vicente is expected to be generally consistent with 2018. The expected increase in silver production
at Dolores is driven by mine sequencing into higher silver grade zones, combined with increased throughput achieved
by improved pre-stripping and underground mining rates. The increase at La Colorada is expected to be achieved by
increasing throughput rates through mine mechanization and infrastructure upgrades and improved grades. At
Manantial Espejo, the expected increase reflects bringing the COSE and Joaquin mine projects on stream in the second
half of 2019.
Consolidated cash costs, net of by-product credits, for 2019 are forecast to be between $6.50 and $7.50 per payable
ounce of silver, which is $3.15 to $4.15 higher than the 2018 cash costs of $3.35 per ounce, respectively. The Company
expects consolidated cash costs to increase as a result of lower by-product credits, higher direct selling costs, and
increased operating costs, partially offset by increased payable silver production. The expected decrease in by-product
credits reflects lower base metal price assumptions and lower gold production at Dolores due to mine sequencing.
The higher selling costs are driven by changes in the zinc concentrate treatment charges. Increased operating costs
are the result of wage inflation, power cost increases in Mexico, and the addition of COSE and Joaquin costs.
Consolidated AISCSOS in 2019 is forecast to be between $10.80 and $12.30 compared to the $10.73 recorded in 2018
(which included net realizable value ("NRV") inventory adjustments that increased AISCSOS by $1.05 per ounce). The
expected increase in AISCSOS is largely driven by the same factors expected to increase cash costs discussed above.
2019 By-product Production Forecasts:
Gold
(koz)
Zinc
(kt)
La Colorada
Dolores
Huaron
Morococha (1)
San Vicente (2)
Manantial Espejo
Consolidated Total(3)
(1) Morococha data represents Pan American’s 92.3% interest in the mine's production.
(2) San Vicente data represents Pan American’s 95.0% interest in the mine's production.
(3) Totals may not add due to rounding.
4.1 - 4.8
114.5 - 120.0
0.5
1.2 - 1.5
0.3
42.0 - 45.0
162.5 - 172.5
18.7 - 19.5
—
17.7 - 18.0
22.6 - 23.0
6.0 - 6.5
—
65.0 - 67.0
Lead
(kt)
9.5 - 9.8
—
8.5 - 8.8
5.3 - 5.7
0.7
—
24.0 - 25.0
Copper
(kt)
—
—
5.7- 5.9
2.8 - 3.1
1.3
—
9.8 - 10.3
2019 gold production is expected to be between 162.5 and 172.5 thousand ounces, down from the 178.9 thousand
ounces produced in 2018. The decrease reflects anticipated lower gold grades at Dolores as a result of mine
sequencing, partially offset by increased gold production at Manantial Espejo with the addition of higher grade ore
from the COSE deposit.
Base metal production is expected to increase for zinc, lead and copper in 2019 compared to 2018. Expectations for
zinc and lead production are increasing as a result of mine sequencing into higher grades at the Peruvian operations,
and from higher sulphide ore throughput at La Colorada. Copper production is expected to increase at Huaron and
San Vicente, partially offset by decreases at Morococha as a result of mine sequencing.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
12
2019 Capital Expenditure Forecasts
In 2019, Pan American expects sustaining capital investments of between $85.0 million and $90.0 million, a decrease
from the $105.2 million invested in 2018. In addition, Pan American expects to invest approximately $30.0 million
of project capital, primarily to complete the development of the Joaquin and COSE projects and to advance the
exploration effort on the newly discovered skarn deposit at La Colorada. The following table details the forecast
capital investments at the Company's operations and projects in 2019:
La Colorada
Dolores
Huaron
Morococha
San Vicente
Manantial Espejo
Sustaining Capital Total
Morococha projects
Mexico projects
Joaquin & COSE projects
Project Capital Total
Consolidated Total
2019 Forecast Capital
Investment
($ millions)
6.5 - 7.0
53.0 - 54.0
6.5 - 7.5
11.0 - 12.0
6.5 - 7.5
1.5 - 2.0
85.0 - 90.0
2.5
7.5
20.0
30.0
115.0 - 120.0
The forecast 2019 sustaining capital for each mine is related primarily to the following activities:
•
La Colorada - underground equipment refurbishments, underground ventilation infrastructure expansions and
near mine exploration.
• Dolores - approximately $26.0 million for pre-stripping activities, $23 million for leach pad expansions, and
the remainder for underground equipment and infrastructure additions and near-mine exploration.
• Huaron - mine deepening, near mine exploration and equipment replacements.
• Morococha - near-mine exploration, underground ventilation infrastructure expansions, and underground
mine equipment additions, replacements, and refurbishments.
• San Vicente - mine equipment refurbishment and replacements, near mine exploration, underground ventilation
infrastructure expansions, and camp improvements.
• Manantial Espejo - exploration programs and upgrades to the process plant.
Forecast 2019 project capital consists of:
• Approximately $20.0 million to complete the development of the COSE and Joaquin mine projects.
• Approximately $7.5 million at La Colorada for continued exploration drilling on the newly discovered skarn
deposit.
• Approximately $2.5 million to construct a new powerline and to advance engineering and plant design for a
future plant relocation at Morococha.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
13
2019 Exploration and Project Development Expense Forecast
The expected 2019 greenfield exploration and project development expense, including approximately $3.4 million
of Navidad holding and maintenance costs as will as other holding costs, is expected to be $8.8 million (2018: $11.1
million). These forecasted exploration and project development expenses do not include any such costs expected to
be incurred in relation to the Tahoe assets, an estimated $8.0 million in near-mine exploration included in sustaining
capital (2018: $9.9 million), and an estimated $7.5 million for La Colorada skarn exploration activities included in
project capital (2018: $1.4 million). We anticipate providing updated 2019 exploration sustaining capital as well as
the greenfield exploration and project development cost guidance, inclusive of the Tahoe assets, in the second quarter
of 2019.
2019 Mine Operation Forecasts
Management of the Company provides expectations for each mine’s 2019 operating performance, including a
discussion on expected production, cash costs, and AISCSOS, but excluding the incorporation of the Tahoe mines,
below:
La Colorada mine
La Colorada 2019 forecast silver production of 8.0 million to 8.2 million ounces is 5% to 8% more than the 7.6 million
produced in 2018, driven by an expected 5% increase in throughput from benefits gained from additional mine
mechanizations and the implementation of the hydraulic backfill system, as well as improved grades. The 2019 mine
plan contemplates the mining and milling rate to increase from 2,000 tonnes per day ("tpd") in January 2019 to 2,150
tonnes per day by year-end 2019, compared to an average of 1,989 tonnes per day achieved in 2018.
Forecast 2019 cash costs per ounce of between $2.50 and $3.50 represent an increase of $0.48 to $1.48 per ounce,
respectively, from the record low $2.02 per ounce achieved in 2018. The increase reflects lower by-product credits
driven by lower metal prices, increased concentrate treatment and refining charges, partially offset by the benefits
from increased silver and base metal production.
AISCSOS for 2019 is expected to be between $3.50 and $4.50, between 3% and 24% lower than the $4.63 achieved
in 2018. The expected decline in AISCSOS is largely driven by an expected $9.9 million to $10.4 million decrease in
sustaining capital due to a decrease in planned equipment rehabilitations and replacements as well as the completion
of the backfill project in 2018, along with increased silver production, partially offset by lower by-product credits.
Dolores mine
Forecast 2019 silver production of 5.2 to 5.5 million ounces is expected to be 1.1 million to 1.4 million ounces higher
than the 4.1 million ounces produced in 2018. The forecast increase is primarily driven by increased throughputs,
compared with 2018 when production was reduced by the curtailed operations due to certain security-related road
closures and an unusually heavy rainy season. Furthermore, the planned mine sequencing into higher silver grade
zones will also result in an improved silver production over silver placed ratio. The mine sequencing is conversely
resulting in the expected decline in gold production. 2019 gold production of 114.5 to 120.0 thousand ounces is
expected to be 16.6 thousand to 22.1 thousand ounces lower than the 136.6 thousand ounces produced in 2018,
respectively.
Cash costs in 2019 are expected to be between $4.50 and $5.50 per ounce, higher than the 2018 cash costs of negative
$1.87 per ounce, due to reduced gold credits from lower gold production and a lower gold price assumption, partially
offset by the previously discussed increased silver production.
AISCSOS for 2019 is expected to be between $14.00 and $16.00, compared to 2018 AISCSOS of $16.36 (which included
NRV inventory adjustments that increased AISCSOS by $5.84 per ounce). Excluding the effect of 2018 NRV adjustments,
AISCSOS is expected to increase from 2018 primarily due to lower gold production and increased sustaining capital
investments, particularly for the annual open pit pre-stripping and leach pad expansion works required for the life-
of-mine plan, partially offset by increased silver production.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
14
Huaron mine
In 2019, silver production is expected to be between 3.6 million to 3.7 million ounces, comparable to the 3.6 million
ounces produced in 2018. Consistent throughput rates and slightly higher grades from mine sequencing are expected
to modestly increase silver and base metal production in 2019 compared to 2018.
2019 cash costs per ounce are forecast to be between $6.00 and $7.00, higher than the 2018 cash costs of $1.63 per
ounce, which reflects lower base metal price assumptions and modest inflationary pressures for wages and
consumables, partially offset by expected increases in base metal and silver production mentioned previously.
AISCSOS for 2019 is expected to be between $7.50 and $9.25, comparable to the $7.73 achieved in 2018 as a result
of the increase in cash costs mentioned previously being largely offset by decreased sustaining capital expenditures
due to the completion of the tailings storage facility raise in 2018 and a reduction in the mine deepening project
expenditures as it approaches completion.
Morococha mine
The forecast 2019 silver production of 2.8 million to 2.9 million ounces is consistent with the 2.9 million ounces
produced in 2018, the result of relatively consistent throughputs, grades and recoveries. However, the planned mine
sequencing results in increased production from higher zinc and lead grade zones that contain less copper. As such,
lead and zinc production are expected to increase by approximately 17% and 3%, respectively, offset by an
approximately 11% decrease in copper production.
Forecast 2019 cash costs of between $3.10 and $4.00 per ounce compare to 2018 cash costs of a negative $4.34 per
ounce. The increased cash costs reflect lower base metal price assumptions, increased underground advances and
shotcrete costs, and less favorable concentrate treatment and refining terms, partially offset by increased base metal
production.
AISCSOS for 2019 is expected to be between $7.00 and $9.00, $5.48 to $7.48 higher than the $1.52 reported in 2018.
The increase is the result of decreased base metal price assumptions and increased concentrate treatment charges
mentioned previously, which more than offset a decrease in sustaining capital.
San Vicente mine
Silver production for 2019 is forecast to be between 3.5 million and 3.7 million ounces, in-line with the 3.5 million
ounces produced in 2018, the result of anticipated throughput increases being partially offset by lower grades. Zinc
production is expected to be lower than the 7.97 thousand tonnes produced in 2018, lead production is expected to
be relatively consistent, and copper production is expected to increase by 27%, all due to grade differences from mine
sequencing.
Cash costs in 2019 are expected to be between $10.60 and $11.50 per ounce, similar to the 2018 cash costs of $10.12
as the increases in operating costs and lower by-product metal price assumptions, are expected to be offset by lower
royalties and increased copper production.
AISCSOS for 2019 is expected to be between $12.25 and $13.50, comparable to the $12.19 reported in 2018, due to
the same factors impacting cash costs mentioned previously.
Manantial Espejo mine
Forecast 2019 silver production of 3.4 to 3.6 million ounces is higher than the 3.1 million ounces produced in 2018.
Further, 2019 gold production of 42.0 thousand to 45.0 thousand ounces is significantly higher than the 34.6 thousand
ounces produced in 2018. The expected increase in production is attributable to the addition of higher-grade COSE
and Joaquin ore in the second half of 2019 as these projects ramp-up to commercial production.
Forecast 2019 cash costs of $17.00 to $18.50 per ounce are higher than the 2018 cash costs of $13.91 per ounce, as
a result of the additional costs associated with mining and hauling the COSE and Joaquin ores, particularly during the
continued ramp-up phase subsequent to the commencement of commercial production, along with expected labour
cost increases in response to currency devaluations and inflation that occurred in Argentina in 2018.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
15
AISCSOS for 2019 is expected to be between $17.75 and $19.50, an increase from the $16.83 reported in 2018. The
increase is due to the same factors affecting cash costs mentioned previously, as well as a decrease in exploration
expense relative to 2018.
2018 OPERATING PERFORMANCE
The following table provides silver production and cash costs, net of by-product credits, at each of Pan American’s
operations for the respective three and twelve month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
Silver Production
(ounces ‘000s)
Cash Costs(1)
($ per ounce)
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
824
1,870
1,256
7,617
2,074
La Colorada
Dolores
Alamo Dorado
Huaron
Morococha(2)
San Vicente(3)
Manantial Espejo
Total (4)
(1) Cash costs is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the section “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” of this MD&A for a detailed description
(1.87)
NA
7.06
NA
24,775
24,979
(4.34)
(1.65)
(7.42)
(3.93)
(5.34)
13.91
25.53
10.12
2,881
3,544
6,127
4,081
3,092
3,561
18.25
11.85
26.52
16.49
6,579
3,684
4,232
1,102
7,056
3,123
2,634
3,610
6.12
3.35
9.23
1.63
2.02
1.73
0.61
2.82
4.55
2.08
1.35
3.18
2.09
9.04
2.08
0.43
587
937
740
965
641
721
951
646
33
—
—
of the cash cost calculation, details of the Company’s by-product credits and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements.
(2) Morococha data represents Pan American's 92.3% interest in the mine's production.
(3) San Vicente data represents Pan American's 95.0% interest in the mine's production.
(4) Totals may not add due to rounding.
Silver Production
Consolidated silver production in the fourth quarter of 2018 ("Q4 2018 ") of 6.13 million ounces was 7% less than
the 6.58 million ounces produced in the fourth quarter of 2017 ("Q4 2017"). The decrease was driven by lower
production at Dolores and San Vicente, as a result of lower grades and recoveries, partially offset by increased
production at La Colorada from improved throughput. Consolidated annual silver production of 24.8 million ounces
was similar to the 25.0 million produced in 2017, largely the result of increased production from increased throughput
at La Colorada, and from improved grades at Morococha, offsetting the loss from cessation of production from the
Alamo Dorado mine, which produced 640.7 thousand ounces before ceasing production in 2017. Each operation’s
silver production variances are further discussed in the “Individual Mine Performance” section of this MD&A.
Cash Costs
Consolidated cash costs per ounce of silver for Q4 2018 and full year 2018 were $6.12 and $3.35, respectively,
representing a 92% increase and a 26% reduction from Q4 2017 and 2017, respectively. Record low annual cash costs
per ounce were achieved at La Colorada in 2018.
The quarter-over-quarter increase was the result of higher direct unit operating costs, mainly from Dolores, lower
by-product credits from decreased base metal prices, lower gold production at Manantial Espejo, and lower silver
production at Dolores. The lower annual cash costs were attributable to increased by-product credits driven by
increased gold, zinc and lead production; along with higher gold, zinc and copper prices. Year-over-year direct
consolidated operating costs were generally consistent, with increased costs at Dolores being largely offset by lower
costs at Manantial Espejo, and no production costs at Alamo Dorado in the current year compared to the 2017 high
cost production in its final year. Each operation’s cash costs variances are discussed in the “Individual Mine
Performance” section of this MD&A.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
16
By-Product Production
Gold – koz
Zinc – kt
Lead – kt
Copper – kt
By-Product Production
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
2018
37.2
18.5
6.3
2.2
2017
43.7
14.7
5.4
3.0
2018
178.9
64.8
22.4
9.8
2017
160.0
55.3
21.5
13.4
Gold production during Q4 2018 was 37.2 thousand ounces, lower than the 43.7 thousand ounces produced in Q4
2017. The decrease is mainly attributable to Manantial Espejo, where production continues from processing material
from underground production and lower grade stockpiles. In addition, there was less gold produced at Dolores as a
result of lower grades from mine sequencing. 2018 annual gold production of 178.9 thousand ounces was 12% higher
than in 2017. The increase was on account of Dolores' increased production that resulted from the anticipated higher
grades, which more than offset the anticipated production decrease at Manantial Espejo, due to processing lower
grade stockpiles as a result of the completion of open pit mining activities in 2017.
Q4 2018 zinc production was 26% higher than Q4 2017, driven by increased production at San Vicente, Morococha,
and La Colorada, reflecting higher grades at all three mines, along with increased throughput at La Colorada. Q4
2018 lead production was 17% higher than Q4 2017, the result of increased throughput at La Colorada. Q4 2018
copper production was 28% lower than in Q4 2017 as a result of the anticipated lower grades at Morococha.
Record annual zinc production of 64.8 thousand tonnes in 2018 was 17% higher than in 2017, driven by higher grades
at Morococha and San Vicente from mine sequencing, and higher throughput at the expanded La Colorada mine.
2018 consolidated lead production was a record 22.4 thousand tonnes, up 4% from 2017, driven by increased grades
from Morococha mine sequencing. 2018 copper production of 9.8 thousand tonnes was 27% lower than in 2017, due
largely to Morococha mine sequencing. Each operation’s by-product production is discussed in the “Individual Mine
Performance” section of this MD&A.
Average Market Metal Prices
The following tables set out the average market price for each metal produced for 2018 and 2017:
Silver $/ounce
Gold $/ounce
Zinc $/tonne
Lead $/tonne
Copper $/tonne
Average Market Metal Prices(1)
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
2018
14.54
1,226
2,631
1,964
6,172
2017
16.73
1,275
3,236
2,492
6,808
2018
15.71
1,268
2,922
2,242
6,523
2017
17.05
1,257
2,896
2,317
6,166
(1) Average market prices for zinc, lead and copper are the London Metal Exchange cash prices for the three and twelve month periods ended December 31,
2018 and 2017. Silver and gold prices are the London Bullion Metal Association prices for the same periods.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
17
AISCSOS
The following table reflects the quantities of payable silver sold and AISCSOS at each of Pan American’s operations
for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017:
Payable Silver Sold
(ounces ‘000s)
AISCSOS(1)
($ per ounce)
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
2018
1,780
870
—
858
2017
1,847
1,225
133
813
2018
7,069
4,205
—
3,094
2017
6,853
4,089
867
3,181
2018
5.93
35.36
—
9.19
2017
2.81
13.62
17.45
7.00
2018
4.63
16.36
—
7.73
2017
4.44
10.00
17.69
5.25
La Colorada
Dolores
Alamo Dorado
Huaron
658
674
Morococha
San Vicente
Manantial Espejo
Total (2)
(1) AISCSOS is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the section “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” of this MD&A for a detailed description of
the AISCSOS calculation and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements. G&A costs are included in the consolidated AISCSOS, but
not allocated in calculating AISCSOS for each operation.
23,160
24,212
(1.54)
15.86
10.73
16.83
27.94
12.19
13.57
3,054
5,299
3,086
10.79
28.63
14.40
23.42
10.86
12.31
2,448
6,659
3,171
1,218
3,603
2,652
4.24
1.52
1.22
502
615
766
(2) Totals may not add due to rounding.
Consolidated AISCSOS for Q4 2018 and 2018, were $15.86 and $10.73, respectively, representing an increase of 46%
and a decrease of 1%, respectively, from the comparable AISCSOS amounts in 2017.
The $5.00 quarter-over-quarter increase in AISCSOS largely reflects: a $4.57 per ounce decrease in by-product credits,
driven by lower by-product metal prices and lower quantities of gold and copper sold; lower silver sales quantities,
due to lower production at Dolores and the timing of sales at San Vicente and La Colorada; increased negative NRV
inventory adjustments, which increased Q4 2018 AISCSOS by $2.50 ($0.83 increase in Q4 2017); and higher sustaining
capital, primarily related to mine deepening projects at Huaron and equipment investments at La Colorada. These
AISCSOS increases were partially offset by lower production costs, as well as lower royalties and selling costs from
lower volumes of silver sold.
The comparable annual change in AISCSOS reflects: higher sustaining capital, largely from pre-stripping and leach
pad works at Dolores; increased negative NRV inventory adjustments, which increased 2018 AISCSOS by $1.05 ($0.51
increase in 2017); and lower quantities of silver sold; being offset by $0.89 per ounce higher by-product credits, from
increased gold and zinc sales; and, lower direct selling costs relating to decreased concentrate treatment charges.
Individual Mine Performance
2018 Actual versus 2018 Forecast
The following tables summarize the 2018 metal production, cash costs and AISCSOS achieved for each individual
operation compared to the original annual forecasted amounts as provided in the Original Guidance. Reported metal
figures included in tables in this section are volumes of metal produced. For the purposes of these comparisons, the
symbols have the following meanings:
Actual results were better than 2018 Original Guidance range
Actual results met 2018 Original Guidance range
Actual results fell short of 2018 Original Guidance range
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
18
2018 Silver Production
(million ounces)
Forecast (2)
7.4 - 7.7
4.5 - 4.9
Actual
7.62
4.08
2018 Cash Costs(1)
($ per ounce)
Forecast (2)
1.35 - 1.70
(1.25) - 0.45
Actual
2.02
(1.87)
2018 AISCSOS(1)
($ per ounce)
Forecast (2)
3.80 - 4.30
9.00 - 12.00
Actual
4.63
16.36
La Colorada
Dolores
3.56
3.6 -3.8
2.5 -2.7
Huaron
Morococha(3)
San Vicente(3)
Manantial Espejo
Total(4)
(1) Cash Costs and AISCSOS are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed
(5.80) - (4.30)
18.45 - 20.20
11.60 - 12.50
17.60 -19.00
10.00 -10.50
9.30 - 10.80
3.60 - 4.60
1.05 - 3.50
25.0 -26.5
3.9 - 4.1
3.2 - 3.3
(4.34)
0.75 - 1.50
6.50 - 7.75
10.73
24.78
12.19
10.12
13.91
16.83
3.35
7.73
1.52
1.63
2.88
3.54
3.09
description of the AISCSOS calculation and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements.
(2) Forecast amount per the Original Guidance.
(3) Production figures are only for Pan American’s ownership share of Morococha (92.3%), and San Vicente (95.0%).
(4) Totals may not add due to rounding.
La Colorada
Dolores
2018 Gold Production
(koz)
Forecast (1)
4.2 – 4.3
138.9 – 147.7
Actual
4.4
136.6
0.8
1.0
2.2 – 2.3
Huaron
Morococha(2)
San Vicente(2)
Manantial Espejo
Total(3)
(1) Forecast amount per the Original Guidance.
(2) Production figures are only for Pan American’s ownership share of Morococha (92.3%), and San Vicente (95.0%).
(3) Totals may not add due to rounding.
175.0 – 185.0
28.5 – 29.5
178.9
34.6
0.2
2.1
0.5
—
60.0 - 62.0
2018 Zinc Production
(kt)
Forecast (1)
17.0 – 18.0
—
18.5 – 18.7
18.0 – 18.6
6.5 – 6.7
La Colorada
2018 Lead Production
(kt)
Forecast (1)
9.2 – 9.4
Actual
8.8
2018 Copper Production
(kt)
Forecast (1)
—
7.3 – 7.6
Huaron
Morococha(2)
San Vicente(2)
Total(3)
(1) Forecast amount per the Original Guidance.
(2) Production figures are only for Pan American’s ownership share of Morococha (92.3%), and San Vicente (95.0%).
(3) Totals may not add due to rounding.
21.0 – 22.0
4.3 – 4.7
22.4
0.9
8.0
4.7
0.2
0.8
6.0 – 6.2
5.1 – 5.3
12.0 - 12.5
Actual
17.8
—
17.4
22.2
7.5
—
64.8
Actual
—
5.4
3.3
1.0
9.8
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
19
La Colorada
Dolores
Huaron
Morococha
San Vicente
Manantial Espejo
Sustaining Capital Sub-total(2)
Morococha projects
Mexico projects
Joaquin and COSE projects
Project Capital Sub-total(2)
Total Capital
2018 Capital Expenditure ($ millions)
Actual(2)
Forecast(1)
16.5 – 17.0
16.9
47.5 – 49.0
17.0 – 17.5
12.0 – 12.5
6.0 – 7.0
1.0 – 2.0
100.0 - 105.0
2.0
13.0
35.0
50.0
150.0 – 155.0
48.5
15.9
14.1
7.0
2.8
105.2
—
15.9
25.4
41.3
146.5
(1) Forecast amount per the Original Guidance.
(2) The total sustaining capital amounts capitalized in 2018 were $0.8 million less than the $106.0 million of 2018 sustaining capital cash outflows. Project
capital amounts capitalized in 2018 were $3.4 million less than the $44.7 million of 2018 project capital cash outflows. The sustaining capital cash outflows
are included in the 2018 AISCSOS calculation, shown in the “Alternative Performance (non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A, and in the tables
included for the individual mines in the "Individual Mine Performance" section of this MD&A; these amounts are different than the amounts capitalized
in the period, which are provided in the table above. These differences are due to the timing difference between the cash payment of capital investments
compared with the period in which investments are capitalized.
Silver Production
Consolidated 2018 silver production was 24.8 million ounces which is 1% lower than the 25.0 million ounce low-end
of the Original Guidance. The slight production shortfall was primarily due to underperformance at Dolores and San
Vicente, partially offset by higher-than-forecast production at Morococha, which set an annual record. At Dolores,
above average rainfalls during the third quarter in 2018 hampered our ability to make up open pit tonnages following
the security-related road closures in June, resulting in a shortfall of tonnes placed on the heap. In addition, slower
cement deliveries due to logistical challenges required lower solution application and reduced leach rates. At San
Vicente, narrow vein mechanization efforts required additional operator training, resulting in lower throughput and
increased dilution.
Cash Costs
Consolidated cash costs of $3.35 per ounce were less than the $3.60 per ounce low-end of the Original Guidance,
reflecting lower direct costs, mainly from heap-inventory build at Dolores and lower costs at Manantial Espejo from
currency devaluation, as well as lower than expected concentrate treatment charges.
By-Product Production
Consolidated gold production of 178.9 thousand ounces was in-line with the Original Forecast range of 175.0 to 185.0
thousand ounces. Higher than expected grades at Manantial Espejo offset the production shortfall at Dolores, resulting
in 5.1 thousand ounces, or 17%, more production than the high-end of the Original Guidance range.
Consolidated zinc production in 2018 exceeded the high-end of the Original Guidance range by 5% and is mainly
attributable to Morococha mining into zones with higher than originally planned zinc grade zones. Consolidated
annual lead production was largely in-line with that originally forecast. Consolidated copper production was 18%
lower than the low-end of the Original Guidance range, due to mining occurring in different zones with lower than
originally planned copper grades at Morococha in 2018.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
20
AISCSOS
Consolidated AISCSOS of $10.73 was towards the high-end of the $9.30 to $10.80 Original Guidance range, however
if the $2.50 impact of negative NRV adjustments is excluded, then the net of NRV AISCSOS of $9.68 would be at the
low end of the Original Guidance range. This reflects lower than expected direct production costs, as described in
the "Cash Costs" section above, being largely offset by lower than expected by-product credits from lower prices,
and lower than expected quantities of silver sold.
La Colorada mine
Tonnes milled - kt
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
Average zinc grade - %
Average lead grade - %
Average silver recovery - %
Average zinc recovery - %
Average lead recovery - %
Production:
Silver – koz
Gold – koz
Zinc – kt
Lead – kt
Year ended
December 31,
2018
726.0
358
2.83
1.40
91.2
86.5
87.2
7,617
4.40
17.79
8.84
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
AISCSOS(2)
Payable silver sold - koz
Sustaining capital expenditure - ('000s)(3)
$
$
$
2.02 $
4.63 $
7,069
16,942 $
2017
655.3
368
2.81
1.54
91.1
83.7
86.9
7,056
4.29
15.44
8.80
2.08
4.44
6,853
13,280
Sustaining capital cash outflow - (’000s)(3)
(1) Cash costs is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed reconciliation
15,462 $
13,970
$
of this measure to cost of sales.
(2) AISCSOS is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed description of
the AISCSOS calculation and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements.
(3) Sustaining capital expenditures exclude $7.1 million of project capital for 2018 (2017: $6.9 million) related to investment capital incurred on the La Colorada
expansion projects as disclosed in the “Project Development Update” section of this MD&A.
2018 versus 2017
Production:
•
Silver: 8% increase, driven primarily from improved throughput attributable to the mine expansion completed
in 2017.
• By-products: 15% increase in zinc from improved throughput and higher grades from mine sequencing.
Comparable lead production due to lower grades from mine sequencing, largely offset by the increase in
throughput.
Cash costs: were a record low; the 3% decrease reflects: improved by-product credits with higher base metal
production more than offsetting lower zinc and lead prices; and increased silver production being largely offset by
increased direct unit operating costs, particularly power costs.
AISCSOS: the 4% increase was driven by increased operating costs discussed in cash costs above as well as increased
sustaining capital discussed below.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
21
Sustaining Capital: primarily related to investments in equipment replacements and rehabilitations, the hydraulic
backfill system, plant infrastructure and increased near-mine exploration activities.
2018 versus 2018 Forecast
Production:
Silver: in-line with the forecast range of 7.4 to 7.7 million ounces.
•
• By-products: zinc in-line with the forecast range of 17.0 to 18.0 thousand tonnes. Lead 4% less than forecast
range of 9.2 to 9.4 thousand tonnes, due to lower than expected lead grade, partially offset by better than
expected throughput.
Cash costs: were $0.32 higher than the high-end of $1.35 to $1.70 forecast range due to lower than expected by-
product credits from lower than forecast metal prices, and higher than expected power costs.
AISCSOS: were $0.33 higher than the high-end of $3.80 to $4.30 forecast range due to the same factors that drove
higher cash costs.
Sustaining Capital: in-line with the forecast range of $16.5 to $17.0 million.
Dolores mine
Tonnes placed - kt
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
Average gold grade – grams per tonne
Average silver produced to placed ratio - %
Average gold produced to placed ratio - %
Production:
Silver – koz
Gold – koz
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
AISCSOS(2)
Payable silver sold - koz
Year ended
December 31,
2018
6,903.3
31
0.85
59.2
72.2
4,081
136.6
(1.87)
16.36
4,205
2017
6,604.9
38
0.66
51.7
70.7
4,232
103.0
(1.65)
10.00
4,089
Sustaining capital expenditure - ('000s)(3)
48,470
38,421
Sustaining capital cash outflows - (’000s)(3)
(1) Cash costs is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed reconciliation
48,842 $
36,071
$
of this measure to cost of sales.
(2) AISCSOS is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed description of
the AISCSOS calculation and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements.
(3) Sustaining capital expenditures excludes $8.8 million of project capital for 2018 (2017: $49.9 million) related to investment capital incurred on Dolores
expansion projects, as disclosed in the “Project Development Update” section of this MD&A.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
22
2018 versus 2017
Production:
•
Silver: 4% lower due to a reduction in stacking rates and silver grades resulting from the re-sequencing of the
mine plan because of the 15-day suspension of mining activities in June 2018 and seasonal heavy rains
affecting access to certain ore zones, partially offset by enhanced recoveries attributable to the pulp
agglomeration plant completed in 2017. Delivery of additional plate and frame expansion kits, to maximize
the capacity of the existing filter units in the pulp agglomeration plant, occurred in Q3 2018 and installation
commenced in Q4 2018.
• By-products: 33% increase in gold due to better grades from mine sequencing, and higher recoveries due to
the addition of the pulp agglomeration plant and the timing of leach pad kinetics.
Cash costs: Decreased $0.22 per ounce due to increased by-product credits from increased gold production, partially
offset by higher operating costs associated with the pulp agglomeration plant, higher direct unit operating costs,
particularly power costs, delays in the ramp up of stope mining in the underground mine, and greater waste mining
due to the re-sequencing of the mine plan.
AISCSOS: increased $6.36 due to the following factors: (i) negative NRV adjustments that resulted in a year over year
increase of $4.17 per ounce; (ii) a $12.8 million increase in cash sustaining capital expenditures, due mostly to the
higher pre-stripping rates and leach pad pumping and expansions; and, (iii) higher direct operating costs as described
above. These factors were partially offset by higher by-product credits from higher gold sales during the year.
Sustaining Capital: comprised mainly of pre-stripping and the restart of the leach pad expansions, both of which were
at higher levels of activity compared to 2017.
2018 versus 2018 Forecast
Production:
•
Silver: 9% less than the forecast range of 4.5 to 4.9 million ounces, due to the above average rainfalls during
the third quarter that hampered the ability to make up open pit tonnages following the security-related road
closures in June 2018, resulting in a shortfall of tonnes placed on the heap. In addition, slower cement
deliveries due to logistical challenges required lower solution application and reduced leach rates.
• By-products: gold production was 2% less than the forecast range of 138.9 to 147.7 thousand ounces, due
to the same factors that drove the silver production shortfall.
Cash costs: were $0.62 lower than the low-end of $(1.25) to $0.45 forecast range due to lower than expected direct
operating costs as a result of inventory, and thus cost, buildups in the heap.
AISCSOS: were $4.36 higher than the high-end of $9.00 to $12.00 forecast range mainly due to $5.84 per ounce in
negative NRV adjustments, less by-product credits from lower gold production, and lower quantities of silver sold,
partially offset by the lower direct operating costs described above.
Sustaining Capital: in-line with the forecast range of $47.5 to $49.0 million.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
23
Huaron mine
Tonnes milled - kt
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
Average zinc grade - %
Average lead grade - %
Average copper grade - %
Average silver recovery - %
Average zinc recovery - %
Average lead recovery - %
Average copper recovery - %
Production:
Silver – koz
Gold – koz
Zinc – kt
Lead – kt
Copper – kt
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
AISCSOS(2)
Payable silver sold – koz
Sustaining capital expenditure - ('000s)
Sustaining capital cash outflows - (’000s)
$
$
$
Year ended
December 31,
2018
935.0
142
2.44
1.18
0.76
82.7
76.0
73.2
76.9
3,561
0.79
17.38
8.05
5.44
1.63 $
7.73 $
3,094
15,940
2017
928.1
146
2.70
1.23
0.84
85.2
77.6
77.7
78.5
3,684
1.15
19.37
8.77
6.09
1.35
5.25
3,181
8,786
17,109 $
10,267
(1) Cash costs is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed reconciliation
of this measure to cost of sales.
(2) AISCSOS is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed description of
the AISCSOS calculation and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements.
2018 versus 2017
Production:
Silver: 3% lower, primarily due to lower recoveries from mine sequencing into different ore types.
•
• By-products: Decreased zinc, lead and copper production of 10%, 8% and 11%, respectively, as a result of
lower grades due to mine sequencing.
Cash costs: $0.28 per ounce higher due primarily to higher direct unit operating costs and reduced by-product credits
from lower base metal prices and lower zinc and copper production, partially offset by improved concentrate
treatment terms.
AISCSOS: an increase of $2.48 due to the same factors affecting year-over-year cash costs, as well as higher sustaining
capital.
Sustaining Capital: related primarily to equipment replacements and refurbishments, plant and infrastructure
upgrades, near-mine exploration, mine deepening and a tailings storage facility raise. The increase from 2017 was
related primarily to the 2018 tailings storage facility raise and mine deepening projects.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
24
2018 versus 2018 Forecast
Production:
Silver: slightly lower than the forecast range of 3.6 to 3.8 million ounces on account of slightly lower grades.
•
• By-products: zinc 6% lower than the low-end of the forecast range of 18.5 to 18.7 thousand tonnes and copper
9% lower than the low-end of the forecast range of 6.0 to 6.2 thousand tonnes, both on account of lower
than originally forecast grades and recoveries. Lead production was 6% higher than the high-end of the
forecast range of 7.3 to 7.6 thousand tonnes, as slightly increased throughput offset the lower grades.
Cash costs: were $0.13 higher than the high-end of $0.75 to $1.50 forecast range due to lower than expected by-
product credits from lower than forecast metal prices and production.
AISCSOS: were in-line, though close to the high-end of the $6.50 to $7.75 forecast range due to same factors that
drove higher cash costs, and lower than forecast sustaining capital.
Sustaining Capital: 6% lower than the low-end of the forecast range of $17.0 to $17.5 million, due to the timing of
expenditures.
Morococha mine(1)
Tonnes milled – kt
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
Average zinc grade - %
Average lead grade - %
Average copper grade - %
Average silver recovery - %
Average zinc recovery - %
Average lead recovery - %
Average copper recovery - %
Production:
Silver – koz
Gold – koz
Zinc – kt
Lead – kt
Copper – kt
Year ended
December 31,
2018
672.0
149
3.80
0.92
0.66
90.7
87.4
76.5
75.7
2,881
2.09
22.17
4.69
3.30
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products (2)
AISCSOS(3)
Payable silver sold (100%) - koz
Sustaining capital expenditure (100%) - ('000s)
Sustaining capital cash outflow (100%) - (’000s)
$
$
$
(4.34) $
1.52 $
2,652
14,085
14,840 $
2017
676.9
137
3.01
0.78
1.20
89.2
79.6
66.6
83.9
2,634
3.53
16.13
3.46
6.64
(5.34)
1.22
2,448
12,454
12,428
(1) Production figures are for Pan American’s 92.3% share only, unless otherwise noted.
(2) Cash costs is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed reconciliation
of this measure to our cost of sales.
(3) AISCSOS is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed description of
the AISCSOS calculation and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
25
2018 versus 2017
Production:
Silver: 9% higher, primarily due to higher grades from mine sequencing.
•
• By-products: a 37% and 35% increase in zinc and lead production, respectively, and a 50% decrease in copper
production, all related to mine sequencing.
Cash costs: $1.00 per ounce higher, primarily because of lower by-product prices and higher direct unit operating
costs, partially offset by higher silver production and better concentrate treatment terms.
AISCSOS: $0.30 increase, primarily driven by the same factors affecting year-over-year cash costs.
Sustaining Capital: primarily related to expanded near-mine exploration, equipment replacements and
refurbishments, mine ventilation, and plant and infrastructure upgrades.
2018 versus 2018 Forecast
Production:
•
Silver: 7% higher than the forecast range of 2.5 to 2.7 million ounces on account of higher than expected
grades and recoveries.
• By-products: zinc production was 19% higher than the high-end of the forecast range of 18.0 to 18.6 thousand
tonnes, and copper production was 35% lower than the low-end of the forecast range of 5.1 to 5.3 thousand
tonnes, both the result of mining into zones with higher than originally planned zinc grades and lower than
originally planned copper grades. Lead production for the year was in-line with the forecast range of 4.3 to
4.7 thousand tonnes.
Cash costs: were in-line with the $(5.80) to $(4.30) forecast range, with lower by-product prices and marginally higher
operating costs being offset by higher zinc, lead and silver production.
AISCSOS: were in-line with $1.05 to $3.50 forecast range.
Sustaining Capital: was 13% higher than the high-end of the forecast range of $12.0 to $12.5 million, primarily due
to the decision to increase near-mine exploration activities and expenses related to deepening the Manuelita mine.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
26
San Vicente mine (1)
Tonnes milled – kt
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
Average zinc grade - %
Average lead grade - %
Average copper grade - %
Average silver recovery - %
Average zinc recovery - %
Average lead recovery - %
Average copper recovery - %
Production:
Silver – koz
Gold – koz
Zinc – kt
Lead – kt
Copper – kt
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products (2)
AISCSOS(3)
Payable silver sold (100%) - koz
Sustaining capital expenditure (100%) - ('000s)
Sustaining capital (100%) - (’000s)
$
$
$
Year ended
December 31,
2018
332.9
362
2.77
0.34
0.40
92.7
81.5
64.8
80.3
3,544
0.50
7.47
0.78
1.02
10.12 $
12.19 $
3,054
6,965
6,949 $
2017
328.1
374
1.94
0.29
0.43
92.6
68.7
80.1
83.8
3,610
0.51
4.36
0.47
0.63
11.85
14.40
3,603
8,146
8,146
(1) Production figures are for Pan American’s 95.0% share only, unless otherwise noted.
(2) Cash costs is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed reconciliation
of this measure to cost of sales.
(3) AISCSOS is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed description of
the AISCSOS calculation and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements.
2018 versus 2017
Production:
•
Silver: slightly lower due to lower grades and dilution experienced with narrow vein mining, largely offset by
increased throughput.
• By-products: increased zinc, lead, and copper production of 71%, 64% and 61% respectively, the result of
overall better base metal grades due to mine sequencing.
Cash costs: $1.73 per ounce lower due to increased base metal quantities and improved concentrate terms, partially
offset by higher direct unit operating costs attributable to the transition to more mechanized mining methods and
wage increases.
AISCSOS: a $2.21 reduction due to the same factors affecting year-over-year cash costs, as well as lower royalty
expenses due to the timing of revenue and royalty expense recognition and lower sustaining capital.
Sustaining Capital: expenditures primarily relate to mine equipment replacements and rehabilitations, near-mine
exploration, tailings storage facility expansion, and mine site and camp infrastructure.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
27
2018 versus 2018 Forecast
Production:
•
Silver: 9% lower that the low end of the forecast range of 3.9 to 4.1 million ounces, the result of narrow vein
mechanization efforts that required additional operator training, resulting in lower throughput and increased
dilution.
• By-products: zinc production was 12% higher than the high-end of the forecast range of 6.5 to 6.7 thousand
tonnes, lead was over three times higher than the 0.2 thousand tonnes forecasted, and copper was 13%
higher than the 0.9 thousand tonnes forecasted, primarily the result of better than expected base metal
grades.
Cash costs: were in-line with the $10.00 to $10.50 forecast range, attributable to lower than expected by-product
metal prices offset by the higher than forecast base metal production.
AISCSOS: were in-line with the $11.60 to $12.50 forecast range, due to same factors described in cash costs.
Sustaining Capital: in-line with the forecast range of $6.0 to $7.0 million.
Manantial Espejo mine
Tonnes milled - kt
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
Average gold grade – grams per tonne
Average silver recovery - %
Average gold recovery - %
Production:
Silver – koz
Gold – koz
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products (1)
AISCSOS(2)
Payable silver sold - koz
Sustaining capital expenditure - ('000s)
Year ended
December 31,
2018
804.4
135
1.42
88.0
93.4
3,092
34.55
13.91 $
16.83 $
3,086
2,827
2017
793.5
134
1.88
90.6
93.8
3,123
45.34
18.25
23.42
3,171
3,333
$
$
Sustaining capital - (’000s)
(1) Cash costs is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed reconciliation
2,827 $
3,333
$
of this measure to cost of sales.
(2) AISCSOS is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed description of
the AISCSOS calculation and a reconciliation of this measure to the 2018 Financial Statements.
2018 versus 2017
Production:
Silver: comparable due to slightly better grades, partially offset by lower recoveries.
•
• By-products: 24% decrease in gold production due to processing of lower grade stockpile ore, as planned.
Cash costs: a $4.34 per ounce decrease from lower direct unit operating costs from the devaluation in the Argentine
peso and the termination of open pit mining at the end of the third quarter of 2017, partially offset by lower by-
product credits from the lower gold production.
AISCSOS: a $6.59 per ounce decrease due to an $8.3 million decrease in negative NRV inventory adjustments and the
lower operating costs described above, partially offset with lower by-product credits from lower gold sales.
Sustaining Capital: primarily related to near-mine exploration.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
28
2018 versus 2018 Forecast
Production:
•
Silver: 3% less than the low-end of the forecast range of 3.2 to 3.3 million ounces, due to lower than expected
grades.
• By-products: gold production was 17% more than the high-end of the forecast range of 28.5 to 29.5 thousand
ounces, the result of higher than anticipated gold grades.
Cash costs: were $3.69 lower than the low-end of the $17.60 to $19.00 forecast range due to lower than expected
direct operating costs as a result of the devaluation of the Argentine peso, and higher by-product credits from the
higher quantities of gold sold.
AISCSOS: were $1.62 lower than the low-end of $18.45 to $20.20 forecast range due to the same factors that drove
lower cash costs.
Sustaining Capital: above Original Guidance range of $1.0 to $2.0 million, primarily due to a surface loader purchase
to increase throughput, and additional underground equipment purchases.
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT UPDATE
The following table reflects the amounts spent at each of Pan American’s major projects in 2018 as compared to 2017.
Project Development Investment
(thousands of USD)
Year ended
December 31,
2018
2017
Dolores Projects (1)
La Colorada Expansion (2)
Total Mexico Projects
Joaquin & COSE Projects (3)
Total
(1) As a result of periodic changes in accounts payable balances, the amounts capitalized for the projects during 2018 were $1.8 million less than the project
8,789
7,099
15,888
25,403
41,291
49,886
6,869
56,755
4,674
61,429
cash outflows (2017: $0.6 million less).
(2) As a result of periodic changes in accounts payable balances, the amounts capitalized for the project during 2018 were $0.1 million more than the project
cash outflows (2017: $1.1 million more).
(3) As a result of periodic changes in accounts payable balances, the amounts capitalized for the project during 2018 were $1.6 million less than the project
cash outflows (2017: $2.0 million more). In 2017 total expenditures of $9.7 million were incurred for the Joaquin and COSE projects, of which $5.0 million
was expensed as part of 2017 exploration and project development expenses, and the remaining $4.7 million was capitalized.
Dolores and La Colorada
The Company invested $8.8 million on completing the Dolores expansion projects, the majority of which was spent
on the construction of the underground mine maintenance shop and the acquisition of additional underground mobile
equipment units. The underground mine crews were remobilized following the 10-week suspension of underground
mining, and the mine recommenced production and ramp-up in Q4 2018, including the continued development of
the footwall drifts and ramps in the south-zone.
The Company invested $7.1 million on the La Colorada projects, primarily relating to the construction of a tailings
storage facility raise and commissioning of a neutralization plant and exploration on the skarn deposit.
Joaquin and COSE
The Company invested $15.6 million on the Joaquin project, primarily on the surface facilities and the initial fleet of
development mining equipment. Approximately 494 metres of development were completed on the decline access
for the underground mine, which was less than planned due to difficult ground being unexpectedly encountered close
to the surface. The delay in developing the decline access may result in extending completion of the Joaquin project
by approximately two months. The Joaquin project remains on budget.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
29
During 2018, the Company invested $9.8 million at COSE, primarily on the decline access to the underground mine.
During the year, 308 metres of ramp development were completed for a total of 1,397 metres to date. Construction
commenced on the first underground electrical substation, the fresh air raise bore was completed from the 338 level
to surface, and installation of a safety escape ladder-way was completed. The COSE project remains on budget.
OVERVIEW OF 2018 FINANCIAL RESULTS
Selected Annual and Quarterly Information
The following tables set out selected quarterly results for the past twelve quarters as well as selected annual results
for the past three years. The dominant factors affecting results in the quarters and years presented below are volatility
of realized metal prices, and the timing of sales, which varies with the timing of shipments. The fourth quarter of
2018 included an impairment charge to Manantial Espejo. Q4 2017 included an impairment reversal to Morococha
and Calcatreu.
2018
Quarter Ended
(In thousands of USD, other than per share amounts)
March 31
June 30
Sept 30
Dec 31
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
206,961 $
216,460 $
187,717 $
173,357 $
55,124 $
47,376 $
0.31 $
0.31 $
54,851 $
36,187 $
0.24 $
0.24 $
(4,412) $
(4,666) $
(9,460) $
(63,809) $
(0.06) $
(0.06) $
(0.42) $
(0.42) $
34,400 $
66,949 $
41,699 $
11,930 $
0.035 $
0.035 $
0.035 $
0.035 $
Revenue
Mine operating earnings (loss)
Earnings (loss) for the period attributable to equity holders
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Cash flow from operating activities
Cash dividends paid per share
Other financial information
Total assets
Total long-term financial liabilities(1)
Total attributable shareholders’ equity
Revenue
Mine operating earnings
Earnings for the period attributable to equity holders
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Cash flow from operating activities
Cash dividends paid per share
Other financial information
Total assets
Total long-term financial liabilities(1)
Total attributable shareholders’ equity
(1) Total long-term financial liabilities are comprised of non-current liabilities excluding deferred tax liabilities, deferred revenue, and share purchase warrant
liabilities.
2017
Quarter Ended
(In thousands of USD, other than per share amounts)
March 31
June 30
Sept 30
Dec 31
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
198,687 $
201,319 $
190,791 $
226,031 $
32,875 $
19,371 $
0.13 $
0.13 $
38,569 $
0.025 $
44,782 $
35,472 $
0.23 $
0.23 $
42,906 $
0.025 $
47,818 $
17,256 $
0.11 $
0.11 $
63,793 $
0.025 $
43,285 $
48,892 $
0.32 $
0.32 $
79,291 $
0.025 $
(1) Total long-term financial liabilities are comprised of non-current liabilities excluding deferred tax liabilities, deferred revenue, and share purchase warrant
liabilities.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
30
Year
Ended
Dec 31
784,495
100,897
10,294
0.07
0.07
154,978
0.140
$
$
$
1,937,476
96,828
1,508,212
Year
Ended
Dec 31
816,828
168,760
120,991
0.79
0.79
224,559
0.100
$
$
$
1,993,332
90,027
1,516,850
2016
Quarter Ended
(In thousands of USD, other than per share amounts)
March 31
June 30
Sept 30
Dec 31
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
158,275 $
192,258 $
233,646 $
190,596 $
16,698 $
1,738 $
0.01 $
0.01 $
771 $
0.0125 $
44,730 $
33,804 $
0.22 $
0.22 $
66,019 $
0.0125 $
88,495 $
42,766 $
0.28 $
0.28 $
102,346 $
0.0125 $
48,956 $
21,777 $
0.14 $
0.14 $
45,668 $
0.0125 $
Revenue
Mine operating earnings
Earnings for the period attributable to equity holders
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Cash flow from operating activities
Cash dividends paid per share
Other financial information
Total assets
Total long-term financial liabilities(1)
Total attributable shareholders’ equity
Year
Ended
Dec 31
774,775
198,879
100,085
0.66
0.66
214,804
0.0500
$
$
$
1,898,141
118,594
1,396,298
(1) Total long-term financial liabilities are comprised of non-current liabilities excluding deferred tax liabilities, deferred revenue, and share purchase warrant
liabilities.
Income Statement: 2018 versus 2017
Net earnings of $12.0 million were recorded in 2018 compared to $123.5 million in 2017, which corresponds to basic
earnings per share of $0.07 and $0.79, respectively.
The following table highlights the key items driving the difference between the net earnings in 2018 and 2017:
Net earnings, year ended December 31, 2017
(in thousands of USD)
Decreased revenue:
Decreased realized metal prices
Higher quantities of metal sold
Decreased direct selling costs
Decreased positive settlement adjustments
Total decrease in revenue
Increased cost of sales:
Increased production costs and decreased royalty charges
Increased depreciation and amortization
Total increase in cost of sales
Decreased recovery on impairment reversal
Decreased income tax expense
Increased dilution gain, net of share of loss from associate
Decreased foreign exchange gain
Increased net gain on asset sales, commodity contracts and derivatives
Increased transaction costs
Decreased exploration and project development expense
Increased general and administrative expense
Increased interest and finance expense
Increased investment income and other expense
Net earnings, year ended December 31, 2018
$
123,451
Note
$
$
(34,179)
3,488
16,225
(17,867)
(11,129)
(24,401)
$
$
$
(32,333)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(35,530)
(89,343)
37,887
11,627
(11,149)
10,964
(10,229)
8,617
(1,252)
(954)
285
12,041
1. Revenue for 2018 was $784.5 million, a $32.3 million decrease from the $816.8 million of revenue recognized
in 2017. The major factor driving the decrease was a $34.2 million price variance from lower realized prices
for silver, zinc and lead, partially offset by an estimated $3.5 million positive variance from higher quantities
of metal sold, with 17.3 thousand additional ounces of gold sold in 2018 compared to 2017. Revenue in
2018 was also impacted by a $16.2 million positive variance from decreased selling costs, mainly from
favorable changes in contract terms relating to concentrate treatment and refining charges.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
31
The following table reflects the metal prices realized by the Company and the quantities of metal sold during
each year:
Realized Metal Prices
Quantities of Metal Sold
Year ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
2018
2017
2018
2017
Silver(1) – koz
24,212
Gold(1) – koz
156.6
Zinc(1) – kt
47.3
Lead(1) – kt
20.7
Copper(1) – kt
12.7
(1) Metal price stated as dollars per ounce for silver and gold, and dollars per tonne for zinc, lead and copper, inclusive of final settlement adjustments
15.61
1,272
2,846
2,189
6,519 $
23,160
173.9
54.6
20.6
9.2
16.99
1,257
2,929
2,351
6,174
$
$
$
$
$
on concentrate sales.
Realized prices for silver, lead, and zinc decreased by 8%, 7% and 3%, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2017.
The realized price for copper increased by 6%, while gold prices remained relatively consistent.
Zinc and gold quantities sold in 2018 increased by 15% and 11%, respectively, compared to 2017, while copper
and silver quantities sold decreased by 27% and 4%, respectively. Lead sales quantities were consistent year-
over-year.
2. Production cost increases were primarily driven by a net negative $12.0 million period-over-period change
in NRV inventory adjustments (all at Dolores and Manantial Espejo) which increased 2018 costs by $24.3
million and increased 2017 costs by $12.3 million. In addition, 2018 production costs include a provision, with
no comparable provision in 2017, of $3.9 million related to certain doré metal inventory held at a refinery
used by the Company that filed for bankruptcy in November, 2018. The remainder of the increased production
costs was largely driven by higher quantities of gold sold at Dolores, partially offset by the cessation of
production at Alamo Dorado and decreased production costs at Manantial Espejo.
3. Depreciation and amortization ("D&A") expense of $147.3 million in 2018 was $24.4 million more than the
$122.9 million in 2017. The increase was mainly driven by higher D&A at Dolores, Morococha and La Colorada.
The increased D&A at Dolores was attributable to higher depreciable asset bases from the recent expansions
while the increased D&A at Morococha and La Colorada was due to increased sales volumes.
4.
Impairment charges of $27.8 million ($27.8 million, net of tax expense) were recorded in 2018, with
impairment reversals of $61.6 million ($53.4 million, net of tax expense) recorded in 2017. Non-current assets
are tested for impairment, or reversal of previous impairment charges, when events or changes in
circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable, or previous impairment charges
against assets are recoverable. The Company performs an impairment test for goodwill at each financial year-
end and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying value may not be
recoverable. The Company considers its internal discounted cash flow economic models as a proxy for the
calculation of fair value less cost to sell, given a willing market participant would use such models in establishing
a value for the properties. The Company considers impairment, or if previous impairment charges should be
reversed, at the cash generating unit (“CGU”) level, which is considered to be an individual mine or a
development property. The CGU carrying amount for purposes of this test includes the carrying value of the
mineral properties plant and equipment less deferred tax liabilities and closure and decommissioning
liabilities related to each CGU.
The Company’s key assumptions for determining the recoverable amounts of its various CGUs, for the purpose
of testing for impairment or impairment reversals, include the most current operating and capital costs
information and risk adjusted project specific discount rates. The Company uses an average of analysts’
consensus prices for the first four years of its economic modeling, and long-term reserve prices for the
remainder of each asset’s life. The prices used can be found in the key assumptions and sensitivity section
below.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
32
Based on the Company’s assessment with respect to possible indicators of either impairment or reversal of
previous impairments to its mineral properties, the Company concluded that as of December 31, 2018, based
on certain indicators, reversals of impairment were required on the following CGUs:
Manantial Espejo
Morococha
Calcatreu
2018
(27,789) $
—
—
(27,789) $
$
$
2017
—
60,237
1,317
61,554
2018 Impairment - Manantial Espejo
The decrease in short term analyst consensus silver prices and the introduction of an export tax of three to
four Argentine pesos per Dollar of export in September 2018 led management to conclude that there was
an indication of impairment to its operating assets in Argentina, namely the Manantial Espejo mine, and
the COSE and Joaquin projects. As at December 31, 2018, the Company determined that the combined Net
Carrying Amount of the Manantial Espejo mine and the Joaquin and COSE development projects, including
mineral properties, plant and equipment, and stockpile inventories, net of associated closure and
decommissioning liabilities of $68.1 million was greater than the combined estimated recoverable amount
of $39.3 million when using a 7.25% risk adjusted discount rate. Based on this assessment, the Company
recorded an impairment charge related to the Manantial Espejo mineral property, and the COSE and
Joaquin projects, of $27.8 million ($27.8 million, net of tax).
2017 Impairment Reversal - Morococha
During the years ended December 2017 and 2016, Morococha generated significantly higher cash flows from
operations than the amount assumed in the recoverable value estimation at December 31, 2015, primarily
the results of continued costs performance and base metal prices being superior to prior expectations.
Further, as of December 31, 2017, Morococha's estimated silver mineral reserve increased by 2.8 million
ounces. As a result of the CGU's continued strong performance, increased silver mineral reserves and higher
long-term metal prices, the Company recognized a reversal of the remaining unamortized impairment of
$60.2 million ($52.1 million, net of tax) related to its investment in Morococha at December 31, 2017.
2017 Impairment Reversal - Calcatreu
On January 31, 2018, the Company completed the sale of 100% of the shares of Minera Aquiline Argentina
SA, which owns the Calcatreu project ("Calcatreu"), for total consideration of $15.0 million in cash (the
"Aquiline Acquisition"). During Q4 2017, immediately prior to the classification to assets and liabilities held
for sale, the carrying amount of Calcatreu was re-measured to its recoverable amount, being its fair value
less costs of disposal, based on the expected proceeds from the sale. As a result, the Company recorded an
impairment reversal of $1.3 million in Q4 2017.
Key assumptions and sensitivity:
The metal prices used to calculate the recoverable amounts at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017
are based on analyst consensus prices and the Company’s long-term mineral reserve prices, and are
summarized in the following tables:
Metal prices used at December 31, 2018:
Metal Prices
Silver - $/oz
Gold - $/oz
Zinc - $/tonne
Lead - $/tonne
Copper - $/tonne
2019-2022 average
$17.07
$1,300
$2,599
$2,171
$6,975
Long term
$18.50
$1,300
$2,400
$2,100
$6,000
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
33
Metal prices used at December 31, 2017:
Metal Prices
Silver - $/oz
Gold - $/oz
Zinc - $/tonne
Lead - $/tonne
Copper - $/tonne
2018-2021 average
$18.57
$1,307
$2,818
$2,251
$6,742
Long term
$18.50
$1,300
$2,600
$2,200
$5,500
In 2018, the discount rates used to present value the Company’s life of mine cash flows were derived from
the Company’s weighted average cost of capital, which was calculated as 5.3% (2017 – 5.2%), with rates
ranging from 4.5% to 9.8% (2017 - 4.0% to 9.0%) applied to the various mines and projects, depending on
the Company’s assessment of country risk, project risk and other potential risks specific to each CGU.
The key assumptions in determining the recoverable value of the Company’s mineral properties are metal
prices, operating and capital costs, foreign exchange rates and discount rates. At December 31, 2018, the
Company performed a sensitivity analysis on all key assumptions that assumed a 10% adverse change to each
assumption while holding the other assumptions constant.
At December 31, 2018, an adverse 10% movement in any of the major assumptions in isolation did not cause
the recoverable amount to be below the CGU carrying value for any of the La Colorada, San Vicente, Huaron,
or Morococha mines. For the Dolores mine, Manantial Espejo mine and Navidad project, which previously
had their carrying values adjusted to fair value less cost to sell ("FVLCTS") through impairment charges, a
modest adverse change in any one key assumption would reduce the recoverable amount below the carrying
amount.
At December 31, 2017, an adverse 10% movement in any of the major assumptions in isolation did not cause
the recoverable amount to be below the CGU carrying value for any of the La Colorada, San Vicente, Huaron,
or Morococha mines. For the Dolores mine, Manantial Espejo mine and Navidad project, which previously
had their carrying values adjusted to FVLCTS through impairment charges, a modest adverse change in any
one key assumption would reduce the recoverable amount below the carrying amount.
5.
Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased to $21.1 million compared to $59.0
million in 2017. The $37.9 million year-over-year decrease in income tax expense was mainly due to the
decrease in earnings before taxes from 2017 to 2018.
6. Share of loss from associate and dilution gain for 2018 was $13.7 million, compared to $2.1 million in 2017
and related entirely to the Company's investment in Maverix Metals Inc. ("Maverix"). As a result of Maverix
issuing common shares to acquire certain assets, dilution gains totaling $13.3 million were recognized in
2018, compared to gains of $2.3 million recorded in 2017. Further, during 2018, a $0.4 million gain was
recognized for the Company's portion of Maverix's estimated income, compared to a loss of $0.2 million in
2017.
7. Foreign exchange (“FX”) losses in 2018 were $9.3 million compared to FX gains of $1.8 million incurred in
2017. The 2018 losses were largely attributable to the depreciation of the Argentine peso, where 2017 gains
arose mainly from the appreciation of the Mexican peso on the Company’s monetary assets denominated in
those currencies.
8. Gain on sale of assets, commodity contracts and derivatives variance was primarily the result of the sale of
mineral properties, plant and equipment, which in 2018 was $8.0 million compared to $0.2 million in 2017.
The increase is attributable to the sale of 100% of the shares of Minera Aquiline Argentina SA, which owns
the Calcatreu project, to Patagonia Gold Canada Inc in 2018 with no significant comparable asset sales with
resulting gains or losses in 2017.
9. Transactions costs incurred in 2018 relate to the Tahoe Acquisition described in the "Subsequent Events"
section of this MD&A.
10. Exploration and project development expenses were $11.1 million in 2018 compared to $19.8 million incurred
in 2017. The year-over-year decrease was primarily the result of decreased exploration expense relating to
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
34
the COSE and Joaquin projects which were in the development phase in 2018, whereby all project costs were
capitalized, as discussed in the "Project Development" section of this MD&A. Other exploration expenses
recorded in each year relate to exploration and project development activities near the Company’s existing
mines, at select greenfield projects, and on the holding and maintenance costs associated with the Navidad
project, where approximately $3.6 million was spent in 2018 compared to approximately $2.9 million in 2017.
11. G&A expense was $22.6 million in 2018 compared to $21.4 million in 2017. The $1.2 million increase was
primarily related to higher accrued bonuses for restricted share unit cash compensation that reference the
Company’s share price. The Share-based compensation of $3.0 million in 2018 was comparable to the $3.1
million in 2017.
Statement of Cash Flows: 2018 versus 2017
Cash flow from operations in 2018 totaled $155.0 million, $69.6 million less than the $224.6 million generated in
2017. The decrease was largely the result of decreased cash mine operating earnings and a $16.0 million decrease
in operating cash flows from working capital changes, coupled with a $26.4 million increase in taxes paid.
The period-over-period decrease in mine operating earnings, excluding non-cash D&A and inventory adjustments,
was driven by decreased revenues, partially offset by decreased royalty costs and decreased production costs
(excluding non-cash NRV inventory adjustments). Working capital changes in 2018 resulted in a $4.3 million use of
cash, comprised mainly of inventory buildups and decreased provisions, partially offset by accounts payable buildups
and collection of receivables. This use of cash compared to a source of working capital of $11.7 million in 2017, and
was driven primarily by receivables and inventory draw downs, partially offset by decreased provisions.
Investing activities utilized $159.2 million in 2018, inclusive of $25.6 million used on the net purchase of short-term
investments. The balance of 2018 investing activities consisted primarily of spending $144.3 million on mineral
property, plant and equipment at the Company’s mines and projects, and the remaining $7.5 million payment used
for the acquisition of the COSE project. In 2017, investing activities utilized $177.8 million inclusive of $14.3 million
used on the net purchase of short-term investments, $142.2 million spent on mineral property, plant and equipment
additions at the Company’s various operations and projects, and $20.2 million for the acquisition of the COSE and
Joaquin projects.
Financing activities in 2018 used $33.1 million compared to $51.5 million in 2017. Cash used in 2018 consisted of
$21.3 million paid as dividends to shareholders, $7.9 million of lease repayments, $3.0 million for short-term loan
repayments, and $1.1 million in proceeds on share issuances from the exercise of stock options. In 2017, $36.2 million
in revolving Credit Facility repayments were made, $15.3 million of dividends were paid, $4.5 million of lease payments
were made, $3.0 million was provided from short-term loan proceeds, and $2.6 million in proceeds were generated
on share issuances from the exercises of stock options.
Adjusted Earnings: 2018 versus 2017
Adjusted earnings and basic adjusted earnings per share are non-GAAP measures that the Company considers to
better reflect normalized earnings as it eliminates items that in management's judgment are subject to volatility as
a result of factors which are unrelated to operations in the period, and/or relate to items that will settle in future
periods. Neither adjusted earnings nor basic adjusted earnings per share have any standardized meaning prescribed
by GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.
Please refer to the section of this MD&A entitled “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” for a detailed
description, and a reconciliation of these measures to the 2018 Financial Statements.
Adjusted Earnings in 2018 were $59.4 million, representing a basic adjusted earnings per share of $0.39, which was
$18.3 million, or $0.12 per share, lower than 2017 adjusted earnings of $77.7 million, and basic adjusted earnings
per share of $0.51, respectively.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
35
The following chart illustrates the key factors leading to the change in adjusted earnings from 2017 to 2018:
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
36
Income Statement: Q4 2018 versus Q4 2017
Net loss of $63.6 million was recorded in Q4 2018 compared to net earnings of $49.7 million in Q4 2017, which
corresponds to basic loss per share of $0.42 and basic earnings per share of $0.32, respectively.
The following table highlights the key items driving the difference between the net loss in Q4 2018 as compared to
the net earnings recorded in Q4 2017:
Net earnings, three months ended December 31, 2017
(in thousands of USD)
Decreased revenue:
Decreased realized metal prices
Lower quantities of metal sold
Decreased direct selling costs
Increased positive settlement adjustments
Total decrease in revenue
Decreased cost of sales:
Decreased production costs and decreased royalty charges
Increased depreciation and amortization
Total decrease in cost of sales
Decreased recovery on impairment reversal
Decreased income tax expense
Increased transaction costs
Increased net gain on asset sales, commodity contracts and derivatives
Decreased investment income and other expense
Decreased exploration and project development expense
Increased general and administrative expense
Decreased foreign exchange gain
Decreased dilution gain, net of share of loss from associate
Decreased interest and finance expense
Net loss, three months ended December 31, 2018
$
49,664 Note
$
$
(30,318)
(28,811)
4,794
1,661
7,728
(3,005)
$
$
$
(52,674)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
4,723
(89,343)
33,170
(10,229)
2,979
(870)
760
(718)
(646)
(441)
48
(63,577)
1. Revenue for Q4 2018 was $173.4 million, a $52.7 million decrease from $226.0 million in Q4 2017. The major
factors for the decrease were: a $30.3 million price variance from lower realized metal prices for all metals,
and a $28.8 million variance from lower quantities of metal sold, primarily from silver, gold and copper sales;
offset slightly by a $4.8 million decrease in direct selling costs, primarily from favorable changes in contract
terms relating to concentrate treatment and refining charges, and a $1.7 million increase in positive settlement
adjustments on concentrate shipments.
The following table reflects the metal prices realized by the Company and the quantities of metal sold during
each quarter:
Realized Metal Prices
Quantities of Metal Sold
Three months ended
December 31,
Three months ended
December 31,
2018
2017
2018
2017
Silver(1) – koz
Gold(1) – koz
Zinc(1) – kt
Lead(1) – kt
Copper(1) – kt
(1) Metal price stated as dollars per ounce for silver and gold, and dollars per tonne for zinc, lead and copper, inclusive of final settlement adjustments
on concentrate sales.
14.35 $
1,232 $
2,508 $
1,914 $
6,098 $
5,299
36.6
15.6
5.4
2.1
16.65
1,276
3,282
2,472
6,811
6,659
44.7
12.6
5.2
3.0
$
$
$
$
$
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
37
Decreased quarter-over-quarter realized silver, gold, and copper prices of 14%, 3% and 10%, respectively,
had the most significant impact on revenues. Lead and zinc price decreases of 23% and 24%, respectively,
also negatively impacted Q4 2018 revenue.
Sales volumes decreased for all metals except lead and zinc. The quantity of silver sold in Q4 2018 was 20%
lower than in Q4 2017, largely from build-up of inventories. Quarter-over-quarter gold and copper sales
volumes decreased by 18% and 31%, respectively, while quantities of lead and zinc sold increased by 4% and
24%, respectively.
2. Production and royalty costs variances were comprised of a $4.2 million reduction in royalty costs and a
$3.5 million reduction in production costs, reflecting the quarter-over-quarter decrease in the quantity of
metal sold. The quarter-over-quarter production cost variance included a negative $7.8 million NRV inventory
movement, mainly from Dolores, which added $11.4 million to Dolores production costs in Q4 2018, compared
to increasing costs by $4.1 million in Q4 2017. Reduced royalty costs in Q4 2018 were largely attributable to
lower sales volumes from the San Vicente mine.
3. D&A expense of $37.2 million in Q4 2018 was $3.0 million higher than in Q4 2017, largely the result of
increased D&A at Dolores on account of higher depreciable asset-bases, as well as from increased quantities
of metal sold.
4.
5.
Impairment charges of $27.8 million ($27.8 million, net of tax expense) were recorded in Q4 2018, compared
to impairment reversals of $61.6 million ($53.4 million, net of tax expense) recorded in Q4 2017. The Q4
2018 impairment charge related to the previously discussed charge at Manantial Espejo and the Q4 2017
impairment reversals related to the reversals at Morococha and Calcatreu.
Income tax expense in Q4 2018 was $6.0 million compared to $39.2 million in Q4 2017. The $33.2 million
decrease was mainly due to a decrease in earnings before taxes. The decrease in tax expense caused by this
reduction in earnings was partially offset by: (i) the Q4 2018 impairment charge for Manantial Espejo and
the COSE and Joaquin projects for which no tax benefit could be recorded; and, (ii) the impairment reversal
for Morococha, which decreased Q4 2017 tax expense by approximately $11.8 million.
6. Transactions costs incurred in Q4 2018 relate to the Tahoe Acquisition described in the "Subsequent Events"
section of this MD&A.
7. Gain on sale of assets, commodity contracts and derivatives in Q4 2018 was primarily attributable to gains
from foreign currency hedge contracts of $0.6 million partially offset by losses from metals hedge contracts
and derivatives of $0.2 million which resulted in gains of $0.4 million in Q4 2018 compared to losses of $2.6
million in Q4 2017.
Statement of Cash Flows: Q4 2018 versus Q4 2017
Cash flow from operations in Q4 2018 totaled $11.9 million, $67.4 million less than the $79.3 million generated in
Q4 2017. The decrease was largely the result of approximately $43.4 million lower cash mine operating earnings, a
$20.1 million decrease in operating cash flows from working capital changes and a $4.0 million increase in taxes paid.
The period-over-period decrease in mine operating earnings, excluding non-cash D&A and inventory adjustments,
was driven by decreased revenues, partially offset by increased production costs (excluding non-cash NRV inventory
adjustments). Working capital changes in Q4 2018 resulted in a $4.9 million use of cash comprised mainly of inventory
buildups offset slightly by payables settlements. Comparatively, working capital changes added $15.2 million to Q4
2017 operating cash flows, largely from inventory draw-downs.
Investing activities utilized $51.0 million in Q4 2018, inclusive of $10.0 million used on the net purchase of short-
term investments. The balance of Q4 2018 investing activities related primarily to spending $42.3 million on mineral
property, plant and equipment at the Company’s mines and projects, as previously described in the “Operating
Performance” section of this MD&A. In Q4 2017, investing activities utilized $36.8 million inclusive of $0.7 million
used on the net purchase of short-term investments. The majority of Q4 2017 investing activity cash flow reflected
$36.5 million spent on mineral property, plant and equipment additions at the Company’s various operations and
projects.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
38
Financing activities in Q4 2018 used $8.7 million compared to $2.5 million in Q4 2017. Cash used in Q4 2018 consisted
of $5.4 million paid as dividends to shareholders, $2.2 million of lease repayments, and $1.2 million of distributions
to non-controlling interests. In Q4 2017, cash used in financing activities consisted of $3.8 million in dividends to
shareholders and $1.3 million of lease repayments, offset by $3.0 million in short-term debt advances.
Adjusted Earnings: Q4 2018 versus Q4 2017
Please refer to the section of this MD&A entitled “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” for a detailed
description of “adjusted earnings”, and a reconciliation of these measures to the 2018 Financial Statements.
Adjusted Loss in Q4 2018 was $2.0 million, representing a basic adjusted loss per share of $0.01, which was $21.2
million, or $0.14 per share, lower than Q4 2017 adjusted earnings of $19.2 million, and basic adjusted earnings per
share of $0.13.
The following chart illustrates the key factors leading to the change in adjusted earnings from Q4 2017 to Q4 2018:
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
39
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL POSITION
Liquidity and Capital
Liquidity and Capital Measures (in $000s)
Cash and cash equivalents ("Cash")
Short-term Investments
Cash and Short-term investments
Working Capital
Revolving Credit Facility ("RCF") Availability
Amount drawn on RCF
Shareholders' equity
Total debt (1)
Capital (2)
Dec. 31,
2018
Sept. 30,
2018
Dec. 31,
2017
Q4 2018
Change
2018
Change
138,510
74,004
212,514
397,846
300,000
—
1,513,349
6,676
1,307,511
186,424
66,233
252,657
443,586
300,000
—
1,581,602
8,439
1,337,384
175,953
51,590
227,543
410,756
300,000
—
1,521,051
10,559
1,304,067
(47,914)
7,771
(40,143)
(45,740)
—
—
(68,253)
(1,763)
(29,873)
(37,443)
22,414
(15,029)
(12,910)
—
—
(7,702)
(3,883)
3,444
(1) Total debt is a Non-GAAP measure calculated as the total of amounts drawn on the Revolving Credit Facility, finance lease liabilities and loans payable.
(2) The capital of the Company consists of items included in shareholders’ equity and debt, net of cash and cash equivalents and short term investments.
Liquidity
The Company's net liquidity position decreased by $40.1 million and $15.0 million during Q4 2018 and 2018,
respectively. Operating cash flows in Q4 2018 of $11.9 million, which included $12.1 million in tax payments and a
$4.9 million use of cash from working capital changes, financed a portion of the Company's investing and financing
activities in the quarter. The significant financing and investing activity cash outflows in the quarter included $42.3
million in payments for mineral property plant and equipment, and $5.4 million in dividend payments.
2018 annual operating cash flows of $155.0 million, which included $75.2 million in tax payments and an $4.3 million
use of cash from working capital changes, financed the majority of the Company's investing and financing activities
in the year. The significant financing and investing activity cash outflows in the year included $144.3 million in
payments for mineral property plant and equipment, and $21.3 million in dividend payments.
Pan American’s investment objectives for its cash balances are to preserve capital, to provide liquidity and to maximize
returns. The Company’s strategy to achieve these objectives is to invest excess cash balances in a portfolio of primarily
fixed income instruments with specified credit rating targets established by the Board of Directors of the Company
(the "Board"), and by diversifying the currencies in which it maintains its cash balances. The Company does not own
any asset-backed commercial paper or other similar, known, at-risk investments in its investment portfolio.
Working capital at December 31, 2018 of $397.8 million decreased by $45.7 million from September 30, 2018. The
decrease was mainly attributable to the $40.1 million liquidity decrease described above, along with a $10.2 million
increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and a $5.5 million decrease in inventories, which were impacted
by $13.3 million in negative NRV adjustments in Q4 2018, partially offset by a $9.4 million increase in trade and other
receivables. Since December 31, 2017, working capital decreased by $12.9 million, primarily from: the $15.0 million
liquidity decrease described above; a $13.7 million decrease in trade and other receivables, and the nonrecurring
$7.9 million of assets held for sale as at December 31, 2017 all partially offset by a net $11.0 million decrease in
accounts payable, accrued liabilities and loans payable and a $13.9 million decrease in net current tax liabilities.
Capital Resources
The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in its economic environment
and the risk characteristics of the Company’s assets. To effectively manage the Company’s capital requirements, Pan
American utilizes a planning, budgeting and forecasting process to help determine the funds required to ensure the
Company has the appropriate liquidity to meet its operating and growth objectives. The Company ensures that there
are sufficient committed loan facilities to meet its short-term business requirements, taking into account its
anticipated cash flows from operations and its holdings of cash and cash equivalents and short term investments.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
40
The Company's four-year, $300.0 million secured revolving credit facility that was set to mature on April 15, 2020
(the “RCF”) remained undrawn as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the Company was in compliance
with all covenants required by the RCF. In February 2019, in part related to the Tahoe Acquisition discussed in the
"Subsequent Events" section of this MD&A, the Company amended and extended its RCF ("Amended RCF"). The
Amended RCF has been increased by $200.0 million to $500.0 million, and matures on February 1, 2023. At Pan
American's option, amounts can be drawn under the Amended RCF and will incur interest based on the Company's
leverage ratio at either (i) LIBOR plus 1.875% to 2.750% or; (ii) The Bank of Nova Scotia's Base Rate on U.S. dollar
denominated commercial loans plus 0.875% to 1.750%. Undrawn amounts under the revolving facility are subject to
a stand-by fee of 0.4219% to 0.6188% per annum, dependent on the Company's leverage ratio. The Company drew
down US$301 million under the Amended RCF, under LIBOR-based interest rates to fund, in part, the cash purchase
price under the Tahoe Acquisition and to repay, in full, and cancel Tahoe's second amended and restated revolving
facility, under which US$125 million had been drawn.
The Company’s financial position at December 31, 2018, and the operating cash flows that are expected over the
next twelve months, lead management to believe that the Company’s liquid assets are sufficient to satisfy our 2019
working capital requirements, commitments, fund currently planned capital expenditures, and to discharge liabilities
as they come due. The Company remains well positioned to take advantage of strategic opportunities as they become
available. Liquidity risks are discussed further in the “Risks and Uncertainties” section of this MD&A.
The impact of inflation on the Company’s financial position, operational performance or cash flows over the next
twelve months cannot be determined with any degree of certainty.
Commitments
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that give rise to commitments for future minimum
payments. The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of the Company's financial and non-
financial liabilities, shown in contractual undiscounted cash flow:
Payments due by period 2018
Within 1
year
2 - 3 years
4- 5 years
After 5
years
Total
Financial liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities other than:
Severance accrual
Employee compensation
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Loss on commodity contracts
Provisions(1)(2)
Income taxes payable
Other commitments
Capital and operating expenditure commitments
Future employee compensation
Credit facility charges
Total contractual obligations(2)
$
128,486
$
— $
— $
— $
128,486
1,791
1,466
131,743
51
3,123
8,306
7,947
1,530
1,200
153,900
$
3,763
—
3,763
—
547
—
534
—
534
—
720
—
7,898
4,911
350
17,469
$
$
2,885
—
—
4,139
$
112
—
112
—
178
—
530
—
—
820
6,200
1,466
136,152
51
4,568
8,306
19,260
6,441
1,550
176,328
$
(1) Total litigation provision as further discussed in Note 17 of the 2018 Financial Statements.
(2) Amounts above do not include payments related to the Company’s anticipated closure and decommissioning obligation (current $1.9 million, long-term
$68.6 million) as discussed in Note 17 of the 2018 Financial Statements (2017 - current $5.6 million, long-term $59.8 million), the deferred credit arising
from the Aquiline acquisition ($20.8 million) (2017 - $20.8 million) discussed in Note 19 of the 2018 Financial Statements, and deferred tax liabilities of
$148.8 million (2017 - $171.2 million).
Outstanding Share Amounts
As at December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately 0.7 million stock options outstanding (each exercisable
for one common share of the Company), with exercise prices in the range of CAD $9.76 to CAD $23.61 and a weighted
average life of 52 months. Approximately 0.5 million of the stock options were vested and exercisable at December 31,
2018, with an average weighted exercise price of CAD $13.92 per share.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
41
The following table sets out the common shares and options outstanding as at the date of this MD&A:
Common shares
Options (1)
Total
Outstanding as at
March 12, 2019
209,438,868
1,534,261
210,973,129
(1) As part of the Tahoe Acquisition the Company issued 835,874 replacement options with exercise prices in the range of CAD $20.52 to CAD $97.26 and a
weighted average life of 33 months.
In January 2019, the Company obtained shareholder approval to increase its authorized share capital from 200 million
to 400 million Common Shares without par value.
As part of the consideration payable to Tahoe shareholders in connection with the Tahoe Acquisition, Tahoe
shareholders received contingent consideration in the form of one contingent value right ("CVR") for each Tahoe
share. Each CVR has a 10 year term and will be exchanged for 0.0497 of a Pan American share upon first commercial
shipment of concentrate following restart of operations at the Escobal mine. The Company issued an aggregate of
313,887,490 CVRs. Please refer to the Subsequent Events section of this MD&A for additional information.
CLOSURE AND DECOMMISSIONING COST PROVISION
The estimated future closure and decommissioning costs are based principally on the requirements of relevant
authorities and the Company’s environmental policies. The provision is measured using management’s assumptions
and estimates for future cash outflows. The Company accrues these costs, which are determined by discounting costs
using rates specific to the underlying obligation. Upon recognition of a liability for the closure and decommissioning
costs, the Company capitalizes these costs to the related mine and amortizes such amounts over the life of each mine
on a unit-of-production basis, except in the case of exploration projects for which the offset to the liability is expensed.
The accretion of the discount due to the passage of time is recognized as an increase in the liability and a finance
expense.
The total inflated and undiscounted amount of estimated cash flows required to settle the Company’s estimated
future closure and decommissioning costs as of December 31, 2018 was $159.1 million (December 31, 2017 - $142.2
million) using inflation rates of between 2% and 17% (2017 - between 2% and 25%). The inflated and discounted
provision on the statement of financial position as at December 31, 2018, using discount rates between 2% and 22%
(December 31, 2017 - between 2% and 24%), was $70.6 million (December 31, 2017 - $65.4 million). Spending with
respect to decommissioning obligations at the Alamo Dorado and Manantial Espejo mines began in 2016, while the
remainder of the obligations are expected to be paid through 2040 or later if mine life is extended. Revisions made
to the reclamation obligations in Q4 2018 were primarily a result of increased site disturbance from the ordinary
course of operations at the mines, reclamation activities at the Alamo Dorado mine, as well as revisions to the
estimates based on periodic reviews of closure plans and related costs, actual expenditures incurred and closure
activities completed. These obligations will be funded from operating cash flows, reclamation deposits and cash on
hand.
The accretion of the discount charged in Q4 2018 and 2018 earnings as finance expense were $1.6 million and $6.5
million, respectively (Q4 2017 and 2017 - $1.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively). Reclamation expenditures
incurred during Q4 2018 and 2018 were $2.0 million and $7.8 million, respectively (Q4 2017 and 2017 - $4.7 million
and $8.7 million, respectively).
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company’s related parties include its subsidiaries, associates over which it exercises significant influence and key
management personnel. During its normal course of operation, the Company enters into transactions with its related
parties for goods and services. Related party transactions with Maverix have been disclosed in Note 13 of the 2018
Financial Statements.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
42
These transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which is the
amount of consideration established and agreed to by the parties.
ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE (NON-GAAP) MEASURES
AISCSOS
AISCSOS is a non-GAAP financial measure. AISCSOS does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and
is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. We believe that AISCSOS
reflects a comprehensive measure of the full cost of operating our consolidated business given it includes the cost
of replacing silver ounces through exploration, the cost of ongoing capital investments (sustaining capital), general
and administrative expenses, as well as other items that affect the Company’s consolidated cash flow. To facilitate a
better understanding of this measure as calculated by the Company, the following table provides the detailed
reconciliation of this measure to the applicable cost items, as reported in the consolidated income statements for
the respective periods:
(In thousands of USD, except as noted)
Direct operating costs
Inventory NRV adjustments
Production costs(1)
Royalties
Direct selling costs (2)
Less by-product credits (2)
Cash cost of sales net of by-products (3)
Sustaining capital (4)
Exploration and project development(5)
Reclamation cost accretion
General and administrative expense
All-in sustaining costs (3)
Payable ounces sold (in thousands)
A
B
C
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, net of by-products
B/C
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, net of by-products
(excludes NRV inventory adjustments)
(B-A)/C
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
$
$
2018
119,070
13,263
132,334
4,601
14,614
$
$
2017
134,202
5,495
139,697
8,809
19,408
$
$
2018
487,462
24,330
511,793
20,673
53,119
2017
488,363
12,307
500,670
24,510
69,344
(107,468)
(131,679)
(483,325)
(462,663)
44,080
29,377
3,509
1,631
5,450
84,048
5,299
15.86
13.36
$
$
$
$
$
36,235
25,573
4,269
1,493
4,732
72,303
6,659
10.86
10.03
$
$
$
$
$
102,259
106,030
11,138
6,524
22,649
248,601
23,160
10.73
9.68
$
$
$
$
$
131,862
84,215
17,858
5,973
21,397
261,304
24,212
10.79
10.28
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(1) Productions costs used to calculate 2018 and Q4 2018 AISCSOS excludes $3.9 million of costs to produce certain doré metal inventory that was subsequently
(2)
written-off in full as a result of the inventory being held at a refinery that filed for bankruptcy in November of 2018.
Included in the revenue line of the consolidated income statements, and for by-product credits are reflective of realized metal prices for the applicable
periods.
(3) Totals may not add due to rounding.
(4) Please refer to the table below. 2018 annual sustaining capital cash outflows included in this table were $0.8 million more than the $105.2 million of
sustaining capital expenditures capitalized in 2018 (2017, $0.2 million less than the $84.4 million capitalized). The difference is due to the timing difference
between the cash payment of capital investments compared with the period in which investments are capitalized.
(5) The amounts for 2017 year-to-date exclude $1.9 million from non-cash project development write-downs.
As part of the AISCSOS measure, sustaining capital is included while expansionary or acquisition capital (referred to
by the Company as non-sustaining capital) is not. Inclusion of sustaining capital only is a measure of capital costs
associated with current ounces sold as opposed to investment capital, which is expected to increase future production.
For the periods under review, the items noted below are associated with the La Colorada expansion project, the
Dolores leach pad and other expansionary expenditures considered to be investment capital projects.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
43
Reconciliation of payments for mineral properties,
plant and equipment and sustaining capital
(in thousands of USD)
Payments for mineral properties, plant and equipment(1)
Add/(Subtract)
Advances received for leases
Non-Sustaining capital
Sustaining Capital(2)
(1)
(2)
As presented on the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Totals may not add due to rounding
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
2018
2017
2018
2017
$
42,302
$
36,473
$
144,348
$
142,232
450
(13,375)
1,385
(12,284)
7,028
(45,346)
5,000
(63,017)
$
29,377
$
25,573
$
106,030
$
84,215
Three months ended December 31, 2018
(In thousands of USD, except as noted)
Direct operating costs
NRV inventory adjustments
Production costs
Royalties
Direct selling costs
Less by-product credits
Cash cost of sales net of by-products(1)
Sustaining capital
Exploration and project development
Reclamation cost accretion
General & administrative expense
All-in sustaining costs(1)
Payable ounces sold (thousand)
Dolores
Huaron Morococha
San
Vicente
Manantial
Espejo
PASCORP Consolidated
La
Colorada
16,947
—
16,947
130
2,050
39,667
11,440
51,107
1,642
19,707
16,096
—
—
19,707
16,096
—
31
6,061
—
2,524
6,984
—
6,984
2,554
1,816
19,671
1,822
21,494
275
2,132
(14,749)
(35,862)
(23,696)
(19,013)
(6,231)
(7,917)
4,378
5,364
711
114
—
16,919
13,255
241
351
—
2,073
5,653
7
152
—
10,567
30,766
7,885
1,780
870
858
(394)
3,039
123
87
—
2,855
674
5,123
1,628
—
63
—
15,984
436
51
708
—
6,814
17,178
502
615
2,375
156
5,450
7,981
119,070
13,263
132,334
4,601
14,614
(107,468)
44,080
29,377
3,509
1,631
5,450
84,048
5,299
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, net of
by-products
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, net of
by-products (excludes NRV inventory adjustments)
(1)
Totals may not add due to rounding.
$
5.93 $
35.36 $
9.19 $
4.24 $
13.57 $
27.94
$
15.86
5.93
22.21
9.19
4.24
13.57
24.98
13.36
(In thousands of USD, except as noted)
La
Colorada
Dolores
Huaron Morococha
San
Vicente
Manantial
Espejo
PASCORP Consolidated
Twelve months ended December 31, 2018
Direct operating costs
NRV inventory adjustments
Production costs
Royalties
Direct selling costs
Less by-product credits
Cash cost of sales net of by-products(1)
Sustaining capital
Exploration and project development
Reclamation cost accretion
General & administrative expense
All-in sustaining costs(1)
Payable ounces sold (thousand)
70,248
154,598
75,382
68,068
33,461
85,705
24,567
(238)
70,248
179,165
75,382
68,068
33,461
85,468
0
616
8,537
7,991
—
—
129
21,326
13,313
9,943
7,451
2,124
2,363
(63,442)
(170,337)
(91,155)
(93,142)
(20,829)
(44,420)
15,959
15,462
880
457
—
16,949
48,842
1,594
1,405
—
5,553
17,109
660
609
—
32,758
68,790
23,931
7,069
4,205
3,094
(11,761)
30,026
45,534
14,840
6,949
2,827
744
2,832
—
—
252
—
37,227
51,937
3,054
3,086
598
347
—
4,024
2,652
6,661
622
22,649
29,932
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, net of
by-products
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, net of
by-products (excludes NRV adjustments)
(1) Totals may not add due to rounding.
$
$
4.63 $
16.36 $
7.73 $
1.52 $
12.19 $
16.83
4.63 $
10.52 $
7.73 $
1.52 $
12.19 $
16.91
487,462
24,330
511,793
20,673
53,119
(483,325)
102,259
106,030
11,138
6,524
22,649
248,601
23,160
$
$
10.73
9.68
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
44
(In thousands of USD, except as
noted)
La
Colorada
Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
Huaron Morococha
San
Vicente
Manantial
Espejo
PASCORP Consolidated
Three months ended December 31, 2017
Direct operating costs
NRV inventory adjustments
Production costs
Royalties
Direct selling costs
Less by-product credits
Cash cost of sales net of by-products(1)
Sustaining capital
Exploration and project development
Reclamation cost accretion
General & administrative expense
All-in sustaining costs(1)
Payable ounces sold (thousand)
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce
sold, net of by-products
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce
sold, net of by-products (excludes NRV
adjustments)
$
$
(1) Totals may not add due to rounding.
16,580
—
16,580
106
4,066
35,739
4,098
39,838
1,966
31
3,957
19,551
16,931
10,484
(1,916)
—
—
—
2,041
19,551
16,931
10,484
—
248
—
6,659
—
5,014
6,105
3,383
30,960
3,313
34,273
633
8
(18,316)
(39,317)
(61)
(24,653)
(26,767)
(6,969)
(15,595)
2,435
2,576
73
112
—
5,196
1,847
2,518
13,303
564
296
—
2,227
—
—
89
—
1,557
3,548
428
162
—
(4,823)
13,002
3,162
1,939
19,319
1,045
543
105
—
—
56
—
936
619
—
16,682
2,317
5,695
(1,013)
14,998
21,918
1,225
133
813
658
1,218
766
2.81 $
13.62 $
17.45 $
7.00 $
(1.54) $
12.31 $
28.63
2.81 $
10.27 $
31.89 $
7.00 $
(1.54) $
12.31 $
24.30
134,202
5,495
139,697
8,809
19,408
(131,679)
36,235
25,573
4,269
1,493
4,732
72,303
6,659
10.86
10.03
1,726
54
4,732
6,511
$
$
(In thousands of USD, except as
noted)
La
Colorada
Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
Huaron Morococha
San
Vicente
Manantial
Espejo
PASCORP Consolidated
Twelve months ended December 31, 2017
Direct operating costs
NRV inventory adjustments
Production costs
Royalties
Direct selling costs
Less by-product credits
Cash cost of sales net of by-products(1)
Sustaining capital
Exploration and project development
Reclamation cost accretion
General & administrative expense
All-in sustaining costs(1)
67,170
116,104
20,477
75,551
63,967
34,731
110,362
6,847
(2,598)
67,170
122,951
17,879
75,551
63,967
475
12,235
6,501
93
79
479
—
—
26,238
18,770
34,731
14,321
10,740
8,058
118,420
3,134
789
(64,133)
(128,351)
(3,467)
(97,715)
(94,233)
(16,278)
(58,485)
15,748
13,970
251
448
—
1,194
14,970
36,071
2,444
1,186
—
—
—
357
—
4,074
10,267
1,713
646
—
30,417
40,894
15,327
16,701
(11,496)
43,513
63,858
12,428
1,629
420
—
2,981
2,448
8,146
—
225
—
3,333
4,588
2,474
—
51,884
74,254
3,603
3,171
7,232
216
21,397
28,845
Payable ounces sold (thousand)
6,853
4,089
867
3,181
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce
sold, net of by-products
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce
sold, net of by-products (excludes NRV
adjustments)
$
$
(1) Totals may not add due to rounding.
4.44 $
10.00 $
17.69 $
5.25 $
1.22 $
14.40 $
23.42
4.44 $
8.33 $
20.68 $
5.25 $
1.22 $
14.40 $
20.88
488,363
12,307
500,670
24,510
69,344
(462,663)
131,862
84,215
17,858
5,973
21,397
261,304
24,212
$
$
10.79
10.28
Cash Costs per Ounce of Silver, net of by-product credits
Pan American produces by-product metals incidentally to our silver mining activities. We have adopted the practice
of calculating the net cost of producing an ounce of silver, our primary payable metal, after deducting revenues gained
from incidental by-product production, as a performance measure. This performance measurement has been
commonly used in the mining industry for many years and was developed as a relatively simple way of comparing
the net production costs of the primary metal for a specific period against the prevailing market price of that metal.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
45
Cash Costs per Ounce of Silver, net of by-product credits, is used extensively in our internal decision making processes.
We believe the metric is also useful to investors because it facilitates comparison, on a mine-by-mine basis,
notwithstanding the unique mix of incidental by-product production at each mine, of our operations’ relative
performance on a period-by-period basis, and against the operations of our peers in the silver industry on a consistent
basis. Cash costs per ounce is conceptually understood and widely reported in the silver mining industry. However,
cash cost per ounce of silver is a non-GAAP measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP
and the Company’s method of calculating cash costs may differ from the methods used by other entities.
To facilitate a better understanding of these measures as calculated by the Company, the following table provides
the detailed reconciliation of these measures to the production costs, as reported in the consolidated income
statements for the respective periods:
Total Cash Costs per ounce of Payable Silver, net of
by-product credits
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except as noted)
Production costs
Add/(Subtract)
Royalties
Smelting, refining, and transportation charges
Worker’s participation and voluntary payments
Change in inventories
Other
Non-controlling interests (1)
Inventory NRV adjustments
Cash Operating Costs before by-product credits(2)
Less gold credit
Less zinc credit
Less lead credit
Less copper credit
Cash Operating Costs net of by-product credits (2)
Payable Silver Production (koz)
A
B
Three months ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
2018
2017
2018
2017
$
136,177 $
139,697 $
515,636 $
500,670
4,601
14,736
(616)
5,922
(1,090)
(456)
(13,263)
146,012
(44,609)
(42,270)
(11,482)
(12,707)
34,945
5,710
8,809
18,469
(1,374)
(12,776)
555
(64)
(5,495)
147,820
(54,648)
(40,826)
(12,687)
(20,026)
19,633
6,172
20,673
57,137
(3,506)
16,581
(8,866)
(875)
(24,330)
572,449
(224,716)
(162,646)
(46,501)
(60,706)
77,881
23,258
24,510
73,222
(5,067)
(16,011)
1,559
(1,126)
(12,307)
565,450
(196,649)
(137,826)
(46,948)
(77,348)
106,678
23,444
Cash Costs per ounce net of by-product credits
A/B
$
6.12 $
3.18 $
3.35 $
4.55
(1) Figures presented in the reconciliation table above are on a 100% basis as presented in the consolidated financial statements with an adjustment line item
to account for the portion of the Morococha and San Vicente mines owned by non-controlling interests, an expense item not included in operating cash
costs. The associated tables below are for the Company’s share of ownership only.
(2) Figures in this table and in the associated tables below may not add due to rounding.
Three months ended December 31, 2018 (1)
(in thousands of USD except as noted)
Cash Costs before by-product credits
Less gold credit
Less zinc credit
Less lead credit
Less copper credit
Sub-total by-product credits
A
b1
b2
b3
b4
B=( b1+
b2+ b3+
b4)
La
Colorada Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
Huaron Morococha
San
Vicente
Manantial
Espejo
Consolidated
Total
$ 20,448 $ 41,872 $
— $ 25,721 $
18,147 $ 15,422 $
22,527 $
144,136
(1,223)
(36,065)
—
—
298
(63)
(7,578)
(11,342)
(4,492)
—
—
—
—
— (10,426)
(12,845)
(6,251)
—
—
(3,991)
(8,930)
(2,593)
(2,617)
(179)
(893)
—
—
—
(44,631)
(40,865)
(11,255)
(12,441)
$ (17,058) $ (36,065) $
— $ (23,346) $
(17,757) $
(7,386) $
(7,578) $
(109,192)
Cash Costs net of by-product credits
C=(A+B) $
3,390 $
5,807 $
— $
2,374 $
390 $
8,036 $
14,948 $
34,945
Payable ounces of silver (thousand)
D
1,955
823
—
841
636
870
586
5,710
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products
C/D
$
1.73 $
7.06
NA $
2.82 $
0.61 $
9.23 $
25.53 $
6.12
(1) Totals may not add due to rounding.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
46
Cash Costs before by-product credits
Less gold credit
Less zinc credit
Less lead credit
Less copper credit
Sub-total by-product credits
A
b1
b2
b3
b4
B=( b1+
b2+ b3+
b4)
Twelve months ended December 31, 2018(1)
(in thousands of USD except as noted)
La
Colorada Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
Huaron Morococha
San
Vicente
Manantial
Espejo
Consolidated
Total
$ 81,578 $ 166,048 $
— $ 96,464 $
75,836 $ 56,973 $
87,074 $
563,974
(4,802)
(173,657)
—
(3)
(1,673)
(284)
(44,142)
(43,777)
(18,459)
—
—
—
—
— (41,422)
(54,392)
(17,573)
— (16,786)
(9,819)
(584)
— (33,193)
(20,658)
(4,868)
—
—
—
(224,561)
(157,164)
(45,648)
(58,719)
$ (67,038) $(173,657) $
— $ (91,405) $
(86,542) $ (23,309) $ (44,142) $
(486,093)
Cash Costs net of by-product credits
C=(A+B) $ 14,541 $ (7,608) $
— $
5,060 $
(10,706) $
33,664 $
42,932 $
77,883
Payable ounces of silver (thousand)
D
7,196
4,075
—
3,107
2,467
3,326
3,086
23,258
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products
C/D
$
2.02 $
(1.87)
NA $
1.63 $
(4.34) $
10.12 $
13.91 $
3.35
(1) Totals may not add due to rounding.
Cash Costs before by-product credits
Less gold credit
Less zinc credit
Less lead credit
Less copper credit
Sub-total by-product credits
A
b1
b2
b3
b4
B=( b1+
b2+ b3+
b4)
Three months ended December 31, 2017(1)
(in thousands of USD except as noted)
La
Colorada Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
Huaron Morococha
San
Vicente
Manantial
Espejo
Consolidated
Total
$ 18,708
34,778 $
136 $ 26,440 $
20,276 $ 15,300 $
29,800 $
145,437
(1,377)
(39,708)
(90)
(9)
(625)
(79)
(12,704)
(11,337)
(5,232)
—
—
—
—
— (12,296)
(12,205)
(3,767)
—
—
(4,758)
(7,671)
(2,361)
(9,585)
(131)
(1,868)
—
—
—
(54,592)
(39,605)
(12,483)
(19,124)
$ (17,947) $ (39,708) $
(90) $ (24,733) $
(24,776) $
(5,845) $ (12,704) $
(125,804)
Cash Costs net of by-product credits
C=(A+B) $
761 $ (4,930) $
46 $
1,706 $
(4,500) $
9,455 $
17,095 $
19,633
Payable ounces of silver (thousand)
D
1,777
1,254
22
821
607
1,046
645
6,172
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products
C/D
$
0.43 $
(3.93) $
2.09 $
2.08 $
(7.42) $
9.04 $
26.52 $
3.18
(1) Totals may not add due to rounding.
Cash Costs before by-product credits
Less gold credit
Less zinc credit
Less lead credit
Less copper credit
Sub-total by-product credits
A
b1
b2
b3
b4
B=( b1+
b2+ b3+
b4)
Twelve months ended December 31, 2017(1)
(in thousands of USD except as noted)
La
Colorada Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
Huaron Morococha
San
Vicente
Manantial
Espejo
Consolidated
Total
$ 75,407
122,532 $ 12,666 $ 101,588 $
76,085 $ 55,286 $ 113,726 $
557,291
(4,477)
(129,503)
(2,498)
(148)
(2,639)
(305)
(56,842)
(37,967)
(18,994)
—
—
—
—
— (46,080)
(39,402)
(10,522)
— (19,039)
(7,573)
(672)
(46)
(32,059)
(38,315)
(3,533)
—
—
—
(196,411)
(133,972)
(46,278)
(73,952)
$ (61,438) $(129,503) $ (2,544) $ (97,327) $
(87,929) $ (15,032) $ (56,842) $
(450,614)
Cash Costs net of by-product credits
C=(A+B) $ 13,970 $ (6,971) $ 10,123 $
4,261 $
(11,844) $
40,254 $
56,884 $
106,677
Payable ounces of silver (thousand)
D
6,709
4,225
614
3,164
2,219
3,396
3,117
23,444
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products
C/D
$
2.08 $
(1.65) $
16.49 $
1.35 $
(5.34) $
11.85 $
18.25 $
4.55
(1) Totals may not add due to rounding.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
47
Adjusted Earnings and Basic Adjusted Earnings Per Share
Adjusted earnings and basic adjusted earnings per share are non-GAAP measures that the Company considers to
better reflect normalized earnings as it eliminates items that in management's judgment are subject to volatility as
a result of factors which are unrelated to operations in the period, and/or relate to items that will settle in future
periods. Certain items that become applicable in a period may be adjusted for, with the Company retroactively
presenting comparable periods with an adjustment for such items and conversely, items no longer applicable may
be removed from the calculation. The Company adjusts certain items in the periods that they occurred, but does not
reverse or otherwise unwind the effect of such items in future periods. Neither adjusted earnings nor basic adjusted
earnings per share have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable
to similar measures presented by other companies.
The following table shows a reconciliation of adjusted earnings for the three and twelve months ended December
31, 2018 and 2017, to the net earnings for each period.
(In thousands of USD, except as noted)
Net (loss) earnings for the period
Adjust for:
Loss (gain) on derivatives
Impairment charges (reversals)
Write-down of project development costs
Unrealized foreign exchange (gains) losses
Net realizable value adjustment of heap inventory
Unrealized losses (gains) on commodity and foreign currency contracts
Mine operation severance costs
Share of loss (income) from associate and dilution gain
Reversal of previously accrued tax liabilities
Metal inventory loss
Transaction costs
Losses (gains) on sale of mineral properties, plant and equipment
Closure and decommissioning liability adjustment
Adjust for effect of taxes relating to the above
Adjust for effect of foreign exchange on taxes
Adjusted (loss) earnings for the period
Weighted average shares for the period
Adjusted (loss) earnings per share for the period
Total Debt
Three Months Ended
December 31,
2018
(63,577) $
2017
49,664
$
$
Year ended
December 31,
2018
12,041
$
2017
123,451
60
27,789
—
(348)
12,977
765
—
182
—
4,670
10,229
56
2,832
(5,832)
8,175
(2,022) $
(64)
(61,554)
—
362
4,936
2,190
—
(259)
—
—
—
794
4,515
6,046
12,589
19,219
153,352
153,207
(0.01) $
0.13
$
$
1,078
27,789
—
10,337
24,082
(2,481)
—
(13,679)
(1,188)
4,670
10,229
(7,973)
2,832
(9,914)
1,611
59,434
153,315
0.39
$
$
$
$
(64)
(61,554)
1,898
(383)
10,060
(909)
3,509
(2,052)
(2,793)
—
—
(191)
8,388
2,273
(3,928)
77,705
153,070
0.51
Total debt is a non-GAAP measure calculated as the total current and non-current portions of: long-term debt, finance
lease liabilities, and loans payable. Total debt does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and is
therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company and certain
investors use this information to evaluate the financial debt leverage of the Company.
Working Capital
Working capital is a non-GAAP measure calculated as current assets less current liabilities. Working capital does not
have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures
presented by other companies. The Company and certain investors use this information to evaluate whether the
Company is able to meet its current obligations using its current assets.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
48
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
The Company is exposed to many risks in conducting its business, including but not limited to: metal price risk as the
Company derives its revenue from the sale of silver, zinc, lead, copper, and gold; credit risk in the normal course of
dealing with other companies; foreign exchange risk as the Company reports its financial statements in USD whereas
the Company operates in jurisdictions that utilize other currencies; the inherent risk of uncertainties in estimating
mineral reserves and mineral resources; political, economic and social risks related to conducting business in foreign
jurisdictions such as Peru, Mexico, Argentina and Bolivia; environmental risks; and risks related to its relations with
employees. Certain of these risks are described below, and are more fully described in Pan American’s Annual
Information Form (available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com) and Form 40-F filed with the SEC", and in the Financial
Instruments and related risks section of the 2018 Financial Statements. Certain additional risk factors relating to the
business of Tahoe are described in the Company’s management information circular dated December 4, 2018, with
respect to the Arrangement, which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. Readers are encouraged to refer to these
documents for a more detailed description of some of the risks and uncertainties inherent to Pan American’s business.
Financial Instruments Risk Exposure
The Company's is exposed to financial risks, including metal price risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency
exchange rate risk, and liquidity risk. The Company's exposures and management of each of those risks is described
in the Company's 2018 Financial Statements under Note 8 "Financial Instruments", along with the financial statement
classification, the significant assumptions made in determining the fair value, and amounts of income, expenses,
gains and losses associated with financial instruments. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based
on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in
nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with
precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
The following provides a description of the risks related to financial instruments and how management manages
these risks:
Trading Activities and Credit Risk
The zinc, lead, and copper concentrates produced by us are sold through long-term supply arrangements to metal
traders or integrated mining and smelting companies. The terms of the concentrate contracts may require us to deliver
concentrate that has a value greater than the payment received at the time of delivery, thereby introducing us to
credit risk of the buyers of our concentrates. Should any of these counterparties not honour supply arrangements,
or should any of them become insolvent, we may incur losses for products already shipped and be forced to sell our
concentrates in the spot market, or we may not have a market for our concentrates and therefore our future operating
results may be materially adversely impacted.
For example, the Doe Run Peru smelter, a significant buyer of our production in Peru, experienced financial difficulties
in the first quarter of 2009 and closed. The Doe Run Peru smelter remains closed and we are owed approximately
$7.6 million under the terms of our contract with Doe Run Peru. We continue to pursue all legal and commercial
avenues to collect the amount outstanding.
As at December 31, 2018, we had receivable balances associated with buyers of our concentrates of $40.8 million
(2017- $52.0 million). The vast majority of the Company's concentrate is sold to a limited number of concentrate
buyers.
Silver doré production is refined under long-term agreements with fixed refining terms at three separate refineries
worldwide. We generally retain the risk and title to the precious metals throughout the process of refining and
therefore are exposed to the risk that the refineries will not be able to perform in accordance with the refining contract
and that we may not be able to fully recover our precious metals in such circumstances. For example, in November
2018, Republic Metals Corporation ("Republic"), a refinery used by us, filed for bankruptcy. At the time of the
bankruptcy, Republic had possession of approximately $4.9 million of our metal, which for accounting purposes has
been fully provided for, and we are pursuing a claim to collect the metals, or in lieu thereof, damages. As at
December 31, 2018, we had approximately $19.7 million (2017 - $21.9 million) contained in precious metal inventory
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
49
at refineries. We maintain insurance coverage against the loss of precious metals at our mine sites, in-transit to
refineries and while at the refineries.
Refined silver and gold is sold in the spot market to various bullion traders and banks. Credit risk may arise from these
activities if we are not paid for metal at the time it is delivered, as required by spot sale contracts.
We maintain trading facilities with several banks and bullion dealers for the purposes of transacting our trading
activities. None of these facilities are subject to margin arrangements. Our trading activities can expose us to the our
counterparties' credit risk to the extent that our trading positions have a positive mark-to-market value.
Supplier advances for products and services yet to be provided are a common practice in some jurisdictions in which
the Company operates. These advances represent a credit risk to the Company to the extent that suppliers do not
deliver products or perform services as expected. As at December 31, 2018, the Company had made $14.4 million
of supplier advances (December 31, 2017 - $14.3 million), which are reflected in “Trade and other receivables” on
the Company’s balance sheet.
Management constantly monitors and assesses the credit risk resulting from our concentrate sales, refining
arrangements and commodity contracts. Furthermore, management carefully considers credit risk when allocating
prospective sales and refining business to counterparties. In making allocation decisions, management attempts to
avoid unacceptable concentration of credit risk to any single counterparty.
From time to time, we may invest in equity securities of other companies. Just as investing in Pan American is inherent
with risks such as those set out in this MD&A, by investing in other companies we will be exposed to the risks associated
with owning equity securities and those risks inherent in the investee companies.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our financial obligations as they come due. The volatility of
the metals markets can impact our ability to forecast cash flow from operations.
We must maintain sufficient liquidity to meet our short-term business requirements, taking into account our
anticipated cash flows from operations, our holdings of cash and cash equivalents and committed loan facilities.
We manage our liquidity risk by continuously monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows. We have in place a rigorous
reporting, planning and budgeting process to help determine the funds required to support our normal operating
requirements on an ongoing basis and our expansion plans. We continually evaluate and review capital and operating
expenditures in order to identify, decrease and limit all non-essential expenditures.
We currently have an aggregate consolidated indebtedness of approximately $6.7 million, comprised of capital leases.
As a result of this indebtedness, we are required to use a portion of our cash flow to service principal and interest
on this debt, which will limit the cash flow available for other business opportunities. We also maintain and enter
into intercompany credit arrangements with our subsidiaries in the normal course. Our ability to make scheduled
principal payments, pay interest on or refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, which is
subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Unexpected delays in production,
the suspension of our mining licenses, or other operational problems could impact our ability to service the debt and
make necessary capital expenditures when the debt becomes due. If we are unable to generate such cash flow to
timely repay any debt outstanding, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets,
restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability
to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may
not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in
a default on our debt obligations.
Foreign currency exchange rate risk
We report our financial statements in USD, however we operate in jurisdictions that utilize other currencies. As a
consequence, the financial results of our operations, as reported in USD, are subject to changes in the value of the
USD relative to local currencies. Since Pan American’s sales are denominated in USD and a portion of our operating
costs and capital spending are in local currencies, we are negatively impacted by strengthening local currencies relative
to the USD and positively impacted by the inverse.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
50
From time to time, the Company mitigates part of this currency exposure by accumulating local currencies, entering
into contracts designed to fix or limit the Company’s exposure to changes in the value of local currencies relative to
the USD, or assuming liability positions to offset financial assets subject to currency risk. The Company held cash and
short-term investments of $22.5 million in CAD, $2.7 million in MXN, $1.3 million in PEN, $2.7 million in ARS, and
$0.3 million in BOB as at December 31, 2018. The Company recorded gains of $0.6 million and $0.7 million on the
MXN forward contracts for Q4 2018 and full-year 2018, respectively (Q4 2017 and full-year 2017 losses of $0.8 million
and gains of $3.8 million, respectively). As at December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding positions on $36.0M
in foreign currency exposure of MXN purchases with put rates of $20.00 and call rates ranging from $20.72 to $23.97
expiring between January 2019 and December 2019.
The following table illustrates the effect of changes in the exchange rate of PEN and MXN against the USD on anticipated
cost of sales for 2019, expressed in percentage terms:
2019 Cost of Sales Exchange Rate Sensitivity
MXN/USD
$18.00
$18.50
$19.00
$19.50
$20.00
$20.50
PEN/
USD
$3.03
$3.13
$3.23
$3.33
$3.43
$3.53
$3.63
$3.73
103%
102%
102%
101%
101%
101%
100%
100%
102%
102%
101%
101%
100%
100%
100%
99%
102%
101%
101%
100%
100%
100%
99%
99%
101%
101%
100%
100%
100%
99%
99%
98%
101%
101%
100%
100%
99%
99%
98%
98%
101%
100%
100%
99%
99%
98%
98%
98%
$21.00
100%
100%
99%
99%
98%
98%
98%
97%
The Company’s balance sheet contains various monetary assets and liabilities, some of which are denominated in
foreign currencies. Accounting convention dictates that these balances are translated at the end of each period, with
resulting adjustments being reflected as foreign exchange gains or losses on the Company’s income statement.
In addition to the foregoing, governmental restrictions and controls relating to exchange rates also impact our
operations. In Argentina, for example, the government has at times established official exchanges rates that were
significantly different than the unofficial exchange rates more readily utilized locally to determine prices and value.
Our investments in Argentina are primarily funded from outside of the country, and therefore conversion of foreign
currencies, like USD, at the official exchange rate has had the effect of reducing purchasing power and substantially
increasing relative costs in an already high inflationary market. Maintaining monetary assets in ARS also exposes us
to the risks of ARS devaluation and high domestic inflation.
Metal Price Risk
Pan American derives its revenue from the sale of silver, zinc, lead, copper and gold, and therefore fluctuations in
the price of these metals significantly affect our operations and profitability. The Company’s sales are directly
dependent on metal prices, and metal prices have historically shown significant volatility and are beyond the
Company’s control. The Board continually assesses Pan American’s strategy towards our base metal exposure,
depending on market conditions. The table below illustrates the effect of changes in silver and gold prices on
anticipated revenues for 2019, expressed in percentage terms. This analysis assumes that quantities of silver and
gold produced and sold remain constant under all price scenarios presented.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
51
2019 Revenue Metal Price Sensitivity
Silver
Price
$11.50
$12.50
$13.50
$14.50
$15.50
$16.50
$17.50
$18.50
$950
83%
87%
90%
94%
97%
100%
104%
107%
Gold Price
$1,050
$1,150
$1,250
$1,350
$1,450
$1,550
86%
89%
92%
96%
99%
102%
106%
109%
88%
91%
94%
98%
101%
105%
108%
111%
90%
93%
97%
100%
103%
107%
110%
113%
92%
95%
99%
102%
106%
109%
112%
116%
94%
98%
101%
104%
108%
111%
114%
118%
96%
100%
103%
106%
110%
113%
117%
120%
Since base metal and gold revenue are treated as a by-product credit for purposes of calculating cash costs per ounce
of silver and AISCSOS, these non-GAAP measures are highly sensitive to base metal and gold prices. The table below
illustrates this point by plotting the expected cash cost per ounce according to our 2019 forecast against various price
assumptions for the Company’s two main by-product credits, zinc and gold, expressed in percentage terms:
2019 Cash Cost Metal Price Sensitivity
Zinc
Price
$2,300
$2,400
$2,500
$2,600
$2,700
$2,800
$2,900
$3,000
$950
132%
129%
126%
123%
121%
118%
116%
113%
$1,050
$1,150
$1,250
Gold Price
125%
122%
118%
116%
113%
111%
108%
106%
117%
114%
111%
108%
105%
103%
100%
98%
109%
106%
103%
100%
98%
95%
93%
90%
$1,350
101%
98%
95%
92%
90%
87%
85%
82%
$1,450
$1,550
93%
90%
87%
84%
82%
79%
77%
74%
85%
82%
79%
76%
74%
71%
69%
66%
The price of silver and other metals are affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including:
•
•
global and regional levels of supply and demand;
sales by government holders and other third parties;
• metal stock levels maintained by producers and others;
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
increased production due to new mine developments and improved mining and production methods;
speculative activities;
inventory carrying costs;
availability, demand and costs of metal substitutes;
international economic and political conditions;
interest rates, inflation and currency values;
increased demand for silver or other metals for new technologies; and
reduced demand resulting from obsolescence of technologies and processes utilizing silver and other metals.
Declining market prices for these metals could materially adversely affect our operations and profitability. A decrease
in the market price of silver, gold and other metals could affect the commercial viability of our mines and production
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
52
at some of our mining properties. Lower prices could also adversely affect future exploration and our ability to develop
mineral properties and mines, including the development of capital intensive projects such as Navidad, all of which
would have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and future prospects. There
can be no assurance that the market prices will remain at sustainable levels.
If market prices of gold and silver remain below levels used in Pan American’s impairment testing and reserve prices
for an extended period of time, Pan American may need to reassess its long-term price assumptions, and a significant
decrease in the long-term price assumptions would be an indicator of potential impairment, requiring Pan American
to perform an impairment assessment on related assets. Pan American further discusses key assumptions used in
measuring the recoverable amounts of its mining assets in Note 12 of Pan American’s Audited Consolidated Financial
Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018. Due to the sensitivity of the recoverable amounts to long term
metal prices, as well as to other factors including changes to mine plans and cost escalations, any significant change
in these key assumptions and inputs could result in impairment charges in future periods.
From time to time, we mitigate the market price risk associated with our base metal production by committing some
of our forecast base metal production to forward sales and options contracts. However, decisions relating to hedging
may have material adverse effects on our financial performance, financial position, and results of operations. The
Board of Directors continually assesses Pan American’s strategy towards our base metal exposure, depending on
market conditions. As at December 31, 2018 the only put and call contracts the Company had outstanding was for
3,000 tonnes of lead, with a floor of $1,800 and a cap of $2,175 from January 2019 to June 2019.
We take the view that our precious metals production should not be hedged, thereby allowing the maximum exposure
to precious metal prices. However, in extreme circumstances, the Board may make exceptions to this approach. Such
decisions could have material adverse effects upon our financial performance, financial position, and results of
operations.
Taxation Risks
We are exposed to tax related risks. In assessing the probability of realizing income tax assets recognized, the Company
makes estimates related to expectations of future taxable income, applicable tax planning opportunities, expected
timing of reversals of existing temporary differences and the likelihood that tax positions taken will be sustained upon
examination by applicable tax authorities. In making its assessments, we give additional weight to positive and
negative evidence that can be objectively verified. Estimates of future taxable income are based on forecasted cash
flows from operations and the application of existing tax laws in each jurisdiction. We consider relevant tax planning
opportunities that are within the Company’s control, are feasible and within management’s ability to implement.
Examination by applicable tax authorities is supported based on individual facts and circumstances of the relevant
tax position examined in light of all available evidence. Where applicable tax laws and regulations are either unclear
or subject to ongoing varying interpretations, it is reasonably possible that changes in these estimates can occur that
materially affect the amounts of income tax assets recognized. Also, future changes in tax laws could limit the Company
from realizing the tax benefits from the deferred tax assets. We reassess unrecognized income tax assets at each
reporting period.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
53
Claims and Legal Proceedings
We are subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the ordinary
course of business activities. Many of these claims relate to current or ex-employees, or employees of former or
current owners of our operations, some of which involve claims of significant value, for matters ranging from workplace
illnesses, such as silicosis, and claims for additional profit-sharing and bonuses in prior years. In some cases, the
Company or its subsidiaries may become subject to class action lawsuits. For example, in mid-2017, Tahoe, which
was acquired by us in late February 2019, and certain of its former directors and officers became, and continue to
be, the subject of three purported class action lawsuits filed in the United States that center primarily around alleged
misrepresentations. In October 2018, Tahoe learned that a similar proposed class action lawsuit had been filed against
Tahoe and its former chief executive officer in the Superior Court of Ontario. These lawsuits seek significant damages.
Tahoe has disputed the allegations made in these suits, however the outcomes are not determinable at this time.
Furthermore, we are in some cases the subject of claims by local communities, indigenous groups or private land
owners relating to land and mineral rights and such claimants may seek sizeable monetary damages against us and/
or the return of surface or mineral rights that are valuable to us and which may impact our operations and profitability
if lost.
Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved
unfavourably to us. We establish provisions for matters that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. We also
carry liability insurance coverage, however such insurance does not cover all risks to which we might be exposed and
in other cases, may only partially cover losses incurred by the Company. In addition, we may be involved in disputes
with other parties in the future that may result in litigation, which may result in a material adverse effect on our
financial position, cash flow and results of operations.
Foreign Operations
As at December 31, 2018, all of our production and revenues were derived from our operations in Peru, Mexico,
Argentina and Bolivia, and, as a result, we are exposed to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
expropriation, nationalization, and the cancellation, revocation, renegotiation, or forced modification of
existing contracts, permits, licenses, approvals, or title, particularly without adequate compensation;
changing political and fiscal regimes, and economic and regulatory instability;
unanticipated adverse changes to laws and policies, including those relating to mineral title, royalties and
taxation;
delays or inability to obtain or maintain necessary permits, licenses or approvals;
opposition to mine development projects, which include the potential for violence, property damage and
frivolous or vexatious claims;
restrictions on foreign investment;
unreliable or undeveloped infrastructure;
labour unrest and scarcity;
difficulty obtaining key equipment and components for equipment;
regulations and restrictions with respect to imports and exports;
high rates of inflation;
extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates and restrictions on foreign exchange, currencies and
repatriation;
inability to obtain fair dispute resolution or judicial determinations because of bias, corruption or abuse of
power;
abuse of power of foreign governments who impose, or threaten to impose, fines, penalties or other similar
mechanisms, without regard to the rule of law;
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
54
•
•
•
•
difficulties enforcing judgments, particularly judgments obtained in Canada or the United States, with respect
to assets located outside of those jurisdictions;
difficulty understanding and complying with the regulatory and legal framework with respect to mineral
properties, mines and mining operations, and permitting;
violence and the prevalence of criminal activity, including organized crime, theft and illegal mining;
civil unrest, terrorism and hostage taking;
• military repression and increased likelihood of international conflicts or aggression; and
•
increased public health concerns.
Certain of these risks and uncertainties are illustrated well by circumstances in Bolivia.
In early 2009, a new constitution was enacted in Bolivia that further entrenched the government’s ability to unilaterally
amend or enact laws, and which enshrined the concept that all natural resources belong to the Bolivian people. On
May 28, 2014, the Bolivian government enacted the New Mining Law. Among other things, the New Mining Law
established a new Bolivian mining authority to provide principal mining oversight (varying the role of COMIBOL) and
set out a number of new economic and operational requirements relating to state participation in mining projects.
Further, the New Mining Law provided that all pre-existing contracts were to migrate to one of several new forms of
agreement within a prescribed period of time. As a result, we anticipate that our current joint venture agreement
with COMIBOL relating to the San Vicente mine will be subject to such migration and possible renegotiation of key
terms. The primary effects on the San Vicente operation and our interest therein will not be known until such time
as we have, if required to do so, renegotiated the existing contract, and the full impact may only be realized over
time. We will take appropriate steps to protect and, if necessary, enforce our rights under our existing agreement
with COMIBOL. There is, however, no guarantee that governmental actions, including possible expropriation or
additional changes in the law, and the migration of our contract will not impact our involvement in the San Vicente
operation in an adverse way and such actions could have a material adverse effect on us and our business.
On June 25, 2015, the Bolivian government further enacted the New Conciliation and Arbitration Law, which endeavors
to set out newly prescribed arbitral norms and procedures, including for foreign investors. However, its application
is unclear and we await clarification by regulatory authorities in order to assess its impact on our business.
In most cases, the effect of these risks and uncertainties cannot be accurately predicted and, in many cases, their
occurrence is outside of our control. Although we are unable to determine the impact of these risks on our future
financial position or results of operations, many of these risks and uncertainties have the potential to substantially
affect our exploration, development and production activities and could therefore have a material adverse impact
on our operations and profitability.
Government Regulations
Our operations, exploration, and development activities are subject to extensive laws and regulations in the
jurisdictions in which we conduct our business, including with respect to:
•
•
environmental protection, including carbon emissions;
permitting;
• management and use of toxic substances and explosives;
• management and use of natural resources, including water and energy supplies;
• management of waste and waste water;
•
•
•
exploration, development, production, and post-closure reclamation of mines;
imports and exports;
transportation;
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
55
•
•
price controls;
taxation;
• mining royalties;
•
•
•
•
•
labour standards, employee profit-sharing and occupational health and safety, including mine safety;
human rights;
social matters, including historic and cultural preservation, engagement and consultation, local hiring and
procurement, development funds;
anti-corruption and anti-money laundering; and
data protection and privacy.
The costs associated with compliance with these and future laws and regulations can be substantial, and changes to
existing laws and regulations (including the imposition of higher taxes and mining royalties) could cause additional
expense, capital expenditures, restrictions on or suspensions of our operations and delays in the development of our
properties. In addition, the regulatory and legal framework in some jurisdictions in which we operate are out-dated,
unclear and at times, inconsistent. A failure to comply with these laws and regulations, including with respect to our
past and current operations, and possibly even actions of parties from whom we acquired our mines or properties,
could lead to, among other things, the imposition of substantial fines, penalties, sanctions, the revocation of licenses
or approvals, expropriation, forced reduction or suspension of operations, and other civil, regulatory or criminal
proceedings.
Many of the jurisdictions in which we operate also have certain laws or policies that impose restrictions on mining
activities. For example, there are currently laws in the Province of Chubut, Argentina, which, among other things,
prohibit open pit mining and the use of cyanide in mineral processing across the entire Province. As currently enacted,
the laws in the Province of Chubut would likely render any future construction and development of the Navidad
property uneconomic or not possible at all. There is no guarantee that these restrictions on mining will be removed
or that they will not become more restrictive, or that new constraints will not be imposed, including those that might
have significant economic impacts on our operations and profitability.
Unanticipated or drastic changes in laws and regulations have affected our operations in the past. For example, under
the previous political regime in Argentina, the government intensified the use of severe price, foreign exchange, and
import controls in response to unfavourable domestic economic trends. These included informal restrictions on
dividend, interest, and service payments abroad and limitations on the ability to convert ARS into USD, exposing us
to additional risks of ARS devaluation and high domestic inflation. The new federal government elected in 2015 has
eased many of the previously instituted controls and restrictions, but in September 2018, it introduced a new export
duty on silver and gold doré exported from Argentina. The duty is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2020. However,
for the period from September to December 2018, we paid approximately $1.6 million in export duties, representing
an average rate for the export duty of approximately 8% or revenue.
As governments continue to struggle with deficits and concerns over the effects of depressed economies, the mining
and metals sector has been targeted to raise revenue. Taxation and royalties are often subject to change and are
vulnerable to increases in both poor and good economic times, especially in many resource rich countries. The addition
of new taxes, specifically those aimed at mining companies, could have a material impact on our operations and will
directly affect profitability and our financial results.
In late December 2016, for example, the Zacatecas state government in Mexico enacted a new set of ecological taxes
which took effect on January 1, 2017. The Zacatecas Tax applies broadly across a number of industries in the State
of Zacatecas that involve extraction, emissions to the air, soil or water, and deposits of residue or waste. The Zacatecas
Tax primarily effects the La Colorada mine in respect of the materials placed in its tailings storage facility. We paid
approximately $1.2 million in respect of the Zacatecas Tax in 2018, however, the validity of the Zacatecas Tax has
been challenged on constitutional grounds by various parties, including Pan American.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
56
In addition to more targeted changes in taxation, we are also subject to broad-based changes. For example, in
December 2017, the United States’ Tax Cuts and Job Act (the “US Tax Reform”) was enacted, which made significant
changes to income tax law in the United States. Among the many provision included in the US Tax Reform, the most
notable change was a reduction in the general corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018.
SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY IN THE
APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
In preparing financial statements in accordance with IFRS, management is required to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. These critical accounting
estimates represent management estimates and judgments that are uncertain, and any changes in these could
materially impact the Company’s financial statements. Management continuously reviews its estimates, judgments
and assumptions using the most current information available. The significant judgments and key sources of
estimation uncertainty in the application of accounting policies are described in Note 4 and Note 5 of the 2018
Financial Statements, respectively.
Readers should also refer to Note 3 of the 2018 Financial Statements, for the Company’s summary of significant
accounting policies.
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
New and Amended IFRS Standards that are Effective for the Current Year
Financial Instruments
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted, retrospectively without restatement, IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments ("IFRS
9") which replaced IAS 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”). IFRS 9 provides a revised
model for recognition and measurement of financial instruments with a single, forward-looking 'expected loss'
impairment model, and significant changes to hedge accounting. The standard is effective for annual periods
beginning on or after January 1, 2018. There was no impact from IFRS 9 on the Company's classification and
measurement of financial assets and liabilities, except for equity securities as described below.
Under IFRS 9, subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are classified and measured at either: amortized cost,
fair value through other comprehensive income ("FVTOCI") or at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL"). The
approach in IFRS 9 is based on how an entity manages its financial instruments in the context of its business model
and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets.
IFRS 9 introduced a single expected credit loss impairment model for financial assets measured at amortized cost
and for debt instruments at FVTOCI, which is based on changes in credit quality since initial recognition. The adoption
of the expected credit loss impairment model did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
IFRS 9 changed the requirements for hedge effectiveness and consequently for the application of hedge accounting,
which did not impact the Company. As the Company does not apply hedge accounting, either under IAS 39 or IFRS
9, the adoption of IFRS 9 with regards to hedge accounting did not impact the Company or its accounting policies.
The Company has not restated comparative 2017 information for financial instruments in the scope of IFRS 9.
Therefore, the comparative 2017 information is reported under IAS 39 and is not comparable to the information
presented for 2018. Differences arising from the adoption of IFRS 9 have been recognized directly in retained earnings
as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of IFRS 9 did not result in a change in carrying value of any of our financial
instruments on the transition date. The main area of change was the accounting for equity securities previously
classified as available for sale.
In accordance with IFRS 9 guidance, investments in equity securities that are neither subsidiaries nor associates
(“equity securities”) are categorized as FVTPL unless they are designated as FVTOCI. Further, investments in equity
securities, previously classified as available for sale, are now classified at FVTPL. As of January 1, 2018 equity securities
are measured at FVTPL, prior to this and under IAS 39 these assets were initially recorded at fair value with subsequent
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
57
measurements recorded at FVTOCI. The Company continued to designate its short term investments other than equity
securities as financial assets at FVTOCI. This change in measurement classification resulted in an adjustment to
opening retained earnings on January 1, 2018 for the historical unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s existing
equity securities investments. The adjustment was $1.6 million with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated
other comprehensive income.
The Company's financial instrument policy in accordance with IFRS 9 is disclosed in Note 3(g) of the 2018 Financial
Statements.
Revenue Recognition
The Company adopted IFRS 15 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("IFRS 15") which replaced IAS 11 -
Construction Contracts; IAS 18 - Revenue, and other revenue interpretations.
IFRS 15 requires either a full retrospective application, whereby comparative information is restated in accordance
with IFRS 15, or a modified retrospective application, whereby the cumulative impact of adoption is recognized in
opening retained earnings, as of January 1, 2018, and comparative period balances are not restated. The Company
elected to apply the modified retrospective approach, though the new standard had no cumulative impact as at
January 1, 2018.
IFRS 15 establishes a single five-step model framework for determining the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty
of revenue and cash flows arising from a contract with a customer, and introduces a revenue recognition model under
which an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount
that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This
new framework did not result in a change in the way the Company recognizes or measures revenue but additional
disclosures have been presented in Note 3(f) as a result of adopting IFRS 15. Further, the standard introduces the
concept of performance obligations that are defined as ‘distinct’ promised goods or services, and requires entities
to apportion revenue earned to the distinct performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The
Company may from time to time enter into concentrate contracts where the Company is responsible for shipping
and insurance costs necessary to bring the goods to a named destination after the date on which control of the goods
is transferred to the customer. Accordingly, under IFRS 15, a portion of the revenue earned under such contracts,
representing the obligation to fulfill the shipping and insurance services, will be deferred and recognized over the
time the obligations are fulfilled. There were no such contracts in 2017, nor in 2018.
The Company's revenue recognition policy in accordance with IFRS 15 is disclosed in Note 3(f) of the 2018
Financial Statements.
Other Narrow Scope Amendments
The Company has adopted IFRIC interpretation 22 - Foreign Currency Transactions and Advanced Consideration, and
narrow scope amendments to IFRS 2 - Share-based Payment, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
New and amended IFRS standards not yet effective
The Company has not early adopted any amendment, standard or interpretation that has been issued by the IASB
but is not yet effective.
Leases
IFRS 16, Leases (“IFRS 16”) In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 - Leases which replaces IAS 17 - Leases and its
associated interpretative guidance, including IFRIC 4 and SIC 15. IFRS 16 applies a control model to the identification
of leases, distinguishing between a lease and a non-lease component on the basis of whether the customer controls
the specific asset. For those contracts that are or contain a lease, IFRS 16 introduces significant changes for lessees
to the accounting for contracts that are or contain a lease, introducing a single, on-balance sheet accounting model
that is similar to current finance lease accounting, with limited exceptions for short-term leases less than 12 months
in duration or leases of low value assets. Lessor accounting remains similar to current accounting practice. The standard
is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with early application permitted for entities that
apply IFRS 15.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
58
The Company plans to apply IFRS 16 at the date it becomes effective and has selected the modified retrospective
transition approach, which does not require restatement of comparative periods, instead, the cumulative impact of
applying IFRS 16 will be accounted for as an adjustment to equity at the start of the accounting period in which it is
first applied. The Company does not intend to bring short-term leases (contracts with terms that end within 12 months
of the mandatory transition date) or low value leases on balance sheet. Costs for these items will continue to be
expensed directly to the Consolidated Income Statements.
The Company is close to finalizing its implementation project. It is expected that the Company will record a material
balance of lease assets and associated lease liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at January
1, 2019. IFRS 16 will further result in increased depreciation and amortization on these lease assets and increased
interest on these additional lease liabilities. These lease payments will be recorded as financing outflows in the
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Uncertainty Over Income Tax Treatments
IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments ("IFRIC 23") provides guidance regarding the application of the IAS
12 Income Taxes recognition and measurement requirements where there is uncertainty surrounding income tax
treatment of a tax position. To apply IFRIC 23, the Company must determine whether it is probable that the relevant
tax authorities will accept an uncertain tax treatment used, or proposed to be used, in its income tax filings. If it
determined that the tax authorities will accept the tax treatment, the Company should account for the impact
consistent with that tax treatment. If it is determined that the tax authorities are not likely to accept the tax treatment,
the Company should account for the impact of the uncertainty in the period in which this determination is made.
IFRIC 23 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 and can be applied with either full
retrospective application or modified retrospective application without restatement of comparatives retrospectively
or prospectively. The Company does not expect the application of IFRIC 23 will have a significant impact on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Annual Improvements 2015-2017 Cycle
In December 2017, the IASB issued the Annual Improvements 2015-2017 cycle, containing amendments to IFRS 3 -
Business Combinations ("IFRS 3"), IFRS 11 - Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 - Income Taxes and IAS 23 - Borrowing Costs.
These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 and are not expected to
have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP
Governance
Pan American adheres to high standards of corporate governance and closely follows the requirements established
by both the Canadian Securities Administrators and the SEC. We believe that our current corporate governance
systems meet or exceed these requirements.
Our Board oversees the direction and strategy of the business and the affairs of the Company. The Board is comprised
of seven directors, six of whom are independent as at December 31, 2018. As at the date of this MD&A, the Board
is comprised of nine directors, seven of whom are dependent. The Board’s wealth of experience allows it to effectively
oversee the development of corporate strategies, provide management with long-term direction, consider and
approve major decisions, oversee the business generally and evaluate corporate performance. The Nominating and
Governance Committee, appointed by the Board, oversees the effective functioning of the Board and the
implementation of governance best practices.
We believe that good corporate governance is important to the effective performance of the Company, and plays a
significant role in protecting the interests of all stakeholders while helping to maximize value.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
59
Corporate Social Responsibility
The Health, Safety, Environment, and Communities Committee, appointed by the Board, provides oversight for the
corporate social initiatives of the Company and reports directly to the Board. We are committed to creating sustainable
value in the communities where our people work and live. Guided by research conducted by our local offices, we
participate in, and contribute to numerous community programs. They typically center on education and health,
nutrition, environmental awareness, local infrastructure and alternative economic activities. Some of our key
initiatives are:
•
Strengthening the production chain of livestock breeding.
• Value adding through the development of alpaca textiles weaving workshops with product
commercialization in North America.
•
Improving nutrition, focusing on children and women.
• Promoting community health with emphasis on immunizations, optometry, and oral health.
• Promoting tourism and local areas of interest such as the Stone Forest in Huayllay in Peru.
• Encouraging education for children and adults by contributing to teacher’s salaries, and providing
continuous support through different scholarships at a local and national level.
Environmental Stewardship
We are committed to operating our mines and developing our new projects in an environmentally responsible manner.
Guided by our Corporate Environmental Policy, we take every practical measure to minimize the environmental
impacts of our operations in each phase of the mining cycle, from early exploration through development, construction
and operation, up to and after the mine’s closure.
We build and operate mines in varied environments across the Americas. From the Patagonian plateau to the Sierra
Madre in Mexico, our mines are generally located in isolated places where information about environmental and
cultural values is often limited. Our mines in Peru and Bolivia are situated in historic mining districts where previous
operations have left significant environmental liabilities that have potential to impact surrounding habitats and
communities.
We manage these challenges using best practice methods in environmental impact assessment and teams of leading
local and international professionals who clearly determine pre-existing environmental values at each location. These
extensive baseline studies often take years of work and cover issues such as biodiversity and ecosystems, surface and
groundwater resources, air quality, soils, landscape, archeology and paleontology, and the potential for acid rock
drainage in the natural rocks of each new mineral deposit or historic waste facilities. The data collected often
significantly advances scientific knowledge about the environments and regions where we work.
The baseline information is then used interactively in the design of each new mine or to develop management and
closure plans for historic environmental liabilities, in open consultation with local communities and government
authorities. We conduct detailed modeling and simulation of the environmental effects of each alternative design in
order to determine the optimum solution, always aiming for a net benefit.
Once construction and operations begin, we conduct regular monitoring of all relevant environmental variables in
order to measure real impacts against baseline data and report to the government and communities on our progress.
Community participation in environmental monitoring is encouraged across all our mines. We implement
management systems, work procedures and regular staff training to ensure optimum day-to-day management of
issues like waste separation and disposal, water conservation, spill prevention, and incident investigation and analysis.
We conduct corporate environmental audits of our operations to ensure optimum environmental performance.
Environmental staff from all mines participate in the audits, which improves integration and consolidation of company-
wide standards across our operations. In 2018, audits were conducted on the Huaron and Morococha mines. In 2017,
audits were conducted on the Dolores, La Colorada and Manantial Espejo mines. No material issues were identified
in either the 2018 or 2017 environmental audits.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
60
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On February 22, 2019, the Company completed the Tahoe Acquisition. Each Tahoe shareholder had the right to elect
to receive either $3.40 in cash (the "Cash Election") or 0.2403 of a Pan American share (the "Share Election") for each
Tahoe share, subject in each case to pro-ration based on a maximum cash consideration of $275 million and a
maximum number of Pan American shares issued of 56.0 million. Tahoe shareholders who did not make an election
by the election deadline were deemed to have made the Share Election. Holders of 23,661,084 Tahoe shares made
the Cash Election and received all cash consideration in the amount of $3.40 per Tahoe share. The holders of
290,226,406 Tahoe shares that made or were deemed to have made, the Share Election were subject to pro-ration,
and received consideration of approximately $0.67 in cash and 0.1929 of a Pan American share per Tahoe share.
In addition, Tahoe shareholders received contingent consideration in the form of one CVR for each Tahoe share. Each
CVR will be exchanged for 0.0497 of a Pan American share upon first commercial shipment of concentrate following
restart of operations at the Escobal mine. The CVRs are transferable and have a term of 10 years.
As a result of the acquisition of Tahoe, the Company paid $275 million in cash, issued 55,990,512 common shares of
Pan American, and issued 313,887,490 CVRs. After this share issuance, Pan American shareholders owned
approximately 73%, while former Tahoe shareholders owned approximately 27%, of the shares of the combined
company. The Company has determined that this transaction represents a business combination with Pan American
identified as the acquirer. Based on the February 21, 2019 closing share price of Pan American's common shares,
the total consideration of the acquisition is approximately $1.1 billion. We began consolidating the operating results,
cash flows and net assets of Tahoe from February 22, 2019 onwards.
Tahoe is a mid-tier publicly traded precious metals mining company with ownership interests in a diverse portfolio
of mines and projects including the following principle mines: Timmins West and Bell Creek in Canada; La Arena and
Shahuindo in Peru; and Escobal in Guatamela. The Escobal mine's operations have been suspended since June 2017.
As the transaction closed in February 2019, the initial allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities
acquired is not complete. The main areas under consideration are the values attributable to the mineral interests of
each of the mines acquired. We will disclose a preliminary purchase price allocation in our first quarter 2019 condensed
consolidated interim financial statements.
Acquisition related costs incurred in 2018 amounted to $10.2 million, have been expensed, and are presented as
transaction costs as at December 31, 2018.
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Pan American’s management considers the meaning of internal control to be the processes established by
management to provide reasonable assurance about the achievement of the Company’s objectives regarding
operations, reporting and compliance. Internal control is designed to address identified risks that threaten any of
these objectives.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation
of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the
effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that
evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the
Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
61
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of Pan American is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control,
including internal controls over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by,
or under the supervision of, the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer and effected by
the Board, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the
IASB. It includes those policies and procedures that:
a) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions
and dispositions of the assets of Pan American,
b) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that receipts and expenditures of Pan
American are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and Pan American’s
directors, and
c) are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use or disposition of Pan American’s assets that could have a material effect on the annual financial
statements or interim financial reports.
The Company’s management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believe
that due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements
on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting
to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions,
or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of Pan American’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2018, based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on this assessment, management concluded
that, as of December 31, 2018, Pan American’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Management reviewed the results of management’s assessment with the Audit Committee of the Board. Deloitte
LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, was engaged, as approved by a vote of the Company’s
shareholders, to audit and provide independent opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and
the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. Deloitte LLP
has provided such opinions.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period ended
December 31, 2018 that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over
financial reporting.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
62
Location
Classification
Tonnes
(Mt)
Ag (g/t)
Au (g/t)
Contained Au
(koz)
Cu (%)
Pb (%)
Zn (%)
MINERAL RESERVES AND RESOURCES
Pan American Silver Corporation Mineral Reserves as of December 31, 2018 (1,2)
Property
Huaron
Morococha(92.3%) (3)
La Colorada
Dolores
La Bolsa
Peru
Peru
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Manantial Espejo
Argentina
San Vicente (95%) (3)
Bolivia
Joaquin
COSE
Totals (4)
Argentina
Argentina
Proven
Probable
Proven
Probable
Proven
Probable
Proven
Probable
Proven
Probable
Proven
Probable
Proven
Probable
Probable
Probable
6.3
4.1
3.7
3.1
4.3
4.3
35.8
8.7
9.5
6.2
1.2
0.1
1.5
0.7
0.5
0.1
Proven + Probable
90.0
156
163
160
150
387
346
27
27
10
7
156
204
396
383
721
918
97
Contain
ed Ag
(Moz)
31.4
21.7
19.0
15.1
53.5
47.5
31.3
7.7
3.1
1.4
5.9
0.9
19.3
8.9
11.0
2.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.31
0.27
0.86
0.79
0.67
0.57
1.26
3.64
N/A
N/A
0.41
17.7
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
42.9
36.6
990.8
220.4
202.9
113.1
47.3
16.0
N/A
N/A
6.2
43.3
279.8
0.76
1,719.5
0.55
0.42
0.44
0.32
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.43
0.40
N/A
N/A
0.45
1.36
1.49
1.36
1.26
1.66
1.21
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.34
0.37
N/A
N/A
1.31
2.84
2.84
4.17
3.32
2.92
2.13
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.00
2.90
N/A
N/A
2.98
(1) Prices used to estimate mineral reserves for 2018 were $18.50 per ounce of silver, $1,300 per ounce of gold, $2,400 per tonne of zinc, $2,100 per
tonne of lead, and $6,000 per tonne of copper, except at Manantial Espejo where $16.50 per ounce of silver and $1,250 per ounce of gold were
used. Metal prices used for La Bolsa were $14.00 per ounce of silver and $825 per ounce of gold.
(2) Mineral reserve estimates were prepared under the supervision of, or were reviewed by, Christopher Emerson, FAusIMM, Vice President
Business Development and Geology and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Senior Vice President Technical Services and Process Optimization, each of
whom are Qualified Persons as that term is defined in National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101").
(3) This information represents the portion of mineral reserves attributable to Pan American based on its ownership interest in the operating entity
as indicated.
(4) Totals may not add up due to rounding.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
63
Pan American Silver Corporation Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources as of December 31, 2018 (1,2)
Location
Classification
Tonnes
(Mt)
Ag
(g/t)
Contained Ag
(Moz)
Au
(g/t)
Contained Au
(koz)
Cu (%)
Pb (%)
Zn (%)
Property
Huaron
Morococha (92.3%) (3)
La Colorada
Dolores
La Bolsa
Peru
Peru
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Manantial Espejo
Argentina
San Vicente (95%) (3)
Bolivia
Navidad
Argentina
Pico Machay
Peru
Joaquin
Totals (4)
Argentina
Measured
Indicated
Measured
Indicated
Measured
Indicated
Measured
Indicated
Measured
Indicated
Measured
Indicated
Measured
Indicated
Measured
Indicated
Measured
Indicated
Indicated
Measured
+Indicated
2.1
1.7
0.3
0.5
0.6
2.0
4.5
1.6
1.4
4.5
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.2
15.4
139.8
4.7
5.9
0.1
186.3
155
151
145
151
193
156
20
27
11
9
169
241
154
148
137
126
N/A
N/A
385
121
10.4
8.3
1.4
2.4
3.7
9.9
2.8
1.4
0.5
1.3
0.8
1.4
4.0
0.9
67.8
564.5
N/A
N/A
0.7
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.22
0.15
0.25
0.53
0.90
0.50
1.66
2.86
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.91
0.67
0.58
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.2
9.4
36.4
27.4
39.9
71.2
7.8
16.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
137.5
127.1
1.1
0.19
0.30
0.21
0.26
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.21
0.22
0.10
0.04
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.56
1.47
0.87
0.98
0.60
0.54
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.17
0.22
1.44
0.79
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.91
2.76
2.15
2.93
1.00
1.11
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.23
1.73
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
682.1
0.58
478.5
0.05
0.86
2.18
(1) Prices used to estimate mineral resources for 2018 were $18.50 per ounce of silver, $1,300 per ounce of gold, $2,400 per tonne of zinc, $2,100
per tonne of lead, and $6,000 per tonne of copper, except at Dolores and Manantial Espejo, where $24.00 per ounce of silver and $1,400 per
ounce of gold were used. Metal prices for Joaquin were $25.00 per ounce of silver and $1,400 per ounce of gold. Metal prices used for La Bolsa
were $14.00 per ounce of silver and $825 per ounce of gold. Metal prices for Navidad were $12.52 per ounce of silver and $1,100 per tonne of
lead.
(2) Mineral resource estimates were prepared under the supervision of, or were reviewed by, Christopher Emerson, FAusIMM, Vice President
Business Development and Geology and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Senior Vice President Technical Services and Process Optimization, each of
whom are Qualified Persons as that term is defined in NI 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.
(3) This information represents the portion of mineral resources attributable to Pan American based on its ownership interest in the operating
entity as indicated.
(4) Totals may not add up due to rounding.
Pan American Silver Corporation Inferred Mineral Resources as of December 31, 2018 (1,2)
Location
Classification
Tonnes
(Mt)
Ag (g/t)
Contained Ag
(Moz)
Au (g/t)
Contained Au
(koz)
Cu (%)
Pb (%)
Zn (%)
Property
Huaron
Morococha (92.3%) (3)
La Colorada
Dolores
La Bolsa
Navidad
Pico Machay
Joaquin
COSE
Totals (4)
Peru
Peru
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Inferred
Inferred
Inferred
Inferred
Inferred
Argentina
Inferred
Peru
Inferred
Argentina
Inferred
Argentina
Inferred
Manantial Espejo
Argentina
Inferred
San Vicente (95%) (3)
Bolivia
Inferred
6.2
4.7
6.2
4.3
13.7
0.5
2.5
45.9
23.9
0.01
0.03
157
140
185
45
8
194
322
81
N/A
389
382
92
31.0
21.4
37.1
6.2
3.3
3.0
26.3
119.4
N/A
0.1
0.3
248.0
N/A
N/A
0.20
1.15
0.51
2.71
N/A
N/A
0.58
1.29
7.10
0.59
N/A
N/A
40.8
158.5
224.6
41.4
N/A
N/A
445.7
0.2
6.3
0.37
0.38
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.27
0.02
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.50
1.08
2.08
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.33
0.57
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.75
4.30
4.09
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.44
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
917.5
0.10
0.83
3.64
Inferred
108.0
(1) Prices used to estimate mineral resources for 2018 were $18.50 per ounce of silver, $1,300 per ounce of gold, $2,400 per tonne of zinc, $2,100
per tonne of lead, and $6,000 per tonne of copper, except at Dolores and Manantial Espejo, where $24.00 per ounce of silver and $1,400 per
ounce of gold were used. Metal prices used for Joaquin were $25.00 per ounce of silver and $1,400 per ounce of gold. Metal prices used for La
Bolsa were $14.00 per ounce of silver and $825 per ounce of gold. Metal prices for Navidad were $12.52 per ounce of silver and $1,100 per
tonne of lead.
(2) Mineral resource estimates were prepared under the supervision of, or were reviewed by, Christopher Emerson, FAusIMM, Vice President
Business Development and Geology and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Senior Vice President Technical Services and Process Optimization, each of
whom are Qualified Persons as that term is defined in NI 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.
(3) This information represents the portion of mineral resources attributable to Pan American based on its ownership interest in the operating entity
as indicated.
(4) Totals may not add up due to rounding.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
64
Dolores, Mexico, as of December 31, 2018:
Location
Classification
Tonnes (Mt)
Ag ppm
Ag contained metal
(Moz)
Au ppm
Au contained metal
(koz)
Proven
Probable
Open pit
Proven + Probable
Proven
Probable
Underground
Proven + Probable
Proven
Probable
Stockpiles
Proven + Probable
Proven
Probable
All
Proven + Probable
30.16
7.42
37.58
1.71
1.29
3.00
3.90
—
3.90
35.76
8.71
44.47
26.0
20.0
24.0
81.0
72.0
77.0
17.0
—
17.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
24.7
4.7
29.4
4.4
3.0
7.4
2.2
—
2.2
31.3
7.7
39.0
0.90
0.51
0.82
1.62
2.38
1.95
0.27
—
0.27
0.86
0.79
0.85
868.0
122.0
990.0
89.0
99.0
188.0
34.0
—
34.0
991.0
220.0
1,211.0
Notes: Totals may not add up due to rounding. Mineral reserve estimates were prepared under the supervision of or were reviewed by Martin Wafforn, P.
Eng., Senior Vice President, Technical Services and Process Optimization of Pan American. Mineral reserves have been estimated using metal prices of
$18.50 per ounce of silver and $1,300 per ounce of gold.
General Notes Applicable to the Foregoing Tables:
Mineral reserves and resources are as defined by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.
Pan American reports mineral resources and mineral reserves separately. Reported mineral resources do not include
amounts identified as mineral reserves. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves have no demonstrated
economic viability.
Pan American does not expect these mineral reserve and resource estimates to be materially affected by metallurgical,
environmental, permitting, legal, taxation, socio-economic, political, and marketing or other relevant issues.
See the Company's Annual Information Form dated March 12, 2019, available at www.sedar.com for further
information on the Company's material mineral properties, including information concerning associated QA/QC and
data verification matters, the key assumptions, parameters and methods used by the Company to estimate mineral
reserves and mineral resources, and for a detailed description of known legal, political, environmental, and other
risks that could materially affect the Company's business and the potential development of the Company's mineral
reserves and resources.
Grades are shown as contained metal before mill recoveries are applied.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Scientific and technical information contained in this MD&A has been reviewed and approved by Martin Wafforn,
P.Eng., Senior Vice President Technical Services and Processing Optimization, and Christopher Emerson, FAusIMM,
Vice President Business Development and Geology, each of whom are Qualified Persons, as the term is defined in
Canadian National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure of Mineral Projects.
For more detailed information regarding the Company’s material mineral properties and technical information related
thereto, including a complete list of current technical reports applicable to such properties, please refer to the
Company’s Annual Information Form dated March 12, 2019, filed at www.sedar.com or the Company’s most recent
Form 40-F filed with the SEC.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
65
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information
Certain of the statements and information in this MD&A constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning
of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information” within the
meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws relating to the Company and its operations. All statements,
other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. When used in this MD&A, the words, “will”,
“believes”, “expects”, “intents”, “plans”, “forecast”, “objective”, “guidance”, “outlook”, “potential”, “anticipated”,
“budget”, and other similar words and expressions, identify forward-looking statements or information. These
forward-looking statements or information relate to, among other things: future financial and operational
performance; future production of silver, gold and other metals produced by the Company; future cash costs per
ounce of silver and all-in sustaining costs per silver ounce sold; the sufficiency of the Company’s current working
capital, anticipated operating cash flow or its ability to raise necessary funds; timing of production and the cash costs
of production at each of the Company’s properties; the estimated cost of and availability of funding necessary for
sustaining capital; the successful implementation and effects of ongoing or future development and expansion plans,
including the development of the Joaquin and COSE projects, and exploration of the newly discovered skarn deposit
at La Colorada, and the anticipated financial and operational results of such projects; the intention to provide updated
guidance related to the Tahoe Acquisition in the second quarter of 2019; forecast capital and non-operating spending;
the timing and method of payment of compensation; anticipated volatility in effective tax rates and contributing
factors; the implementation of new accounting standards, and the anticipated effect of such accounting standards
on the Company’s financial statements; and the Company’s plans and expectations for its properties and operations.
These forward-looking statements and information reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events
and are necessarily based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while considered reasonable by the
Company, are inherently subject to significant operational, business, economic, competitive, political, regulatory, and
social uncertainties and contingencies. These assumptions include: tonnage of ore to be mined and processed; ore
grades and recoveries; prices for silver, gold and base metals remaining as estimated; the ability of the Company to
successfully integrate Tahoe's operations and employees and realize synergies and cost savings at the times, and to
the extent, anticipated; the potential impact of the Arrangement on relationships, including with regulatory bodies,
employees, suppliers, customers and competitors; currency exchange rates remaining as estimated; capital,
decommissioning and reclamation estimates; our mineral reserve and resource estimates and the assumptions upon
which they are based; prices for energy inputs, labour, materials, supplies and services (including transportation); no
labour-related disruptions at any of our operations; no unplanned delays or interruptions in scheduled production;
all necessary permits, licenses and regulatory approvals for our operations are received in a timely manner; and our
ability to comply with environmental, health and safety laws. The foregoing list of assumptions is not exhaustive.
The Company cautions the reader that forward-looking statements and information involve known and unknown
risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those
expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements or information contained in this MD&A and the Company
has made assumptions and estimates based on or related to many of these factors. Such factors include, without
limitation: fluctuations in silver, gold, and base metal prices; fluctuations in prices for energy inputs; fluctuations in
currency markets (such as the PEN, MXN, ARS, BOL and CAD versus the USD); risks related to the technological and
operational nature of the Company’s business; changes in national and local government, legislation, taxation, controls
or regulations and political, legal or economic developments in Canada, the United States, Mexico, Peru, Argentina,
Bolivia or other countries where the Company may carry on business, including the risk of expropriation relative to
certain of our operations, particularly in Argentina and Bolivia; risks and hazards associated with the business of
mineral exploration, development and mining (including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or
unexpected geological or structural formations, pressures, cave-ins and flooding); risks relating to the credit
worthiness or financial condition of suppliers, refiners and other parties with whom the Company does business;
inadequate insurance, or inability to obtain insurance, to cover these risks and hazards; employee relations;
relationships with and claims by the local communities and indigenous populations; availability and increasing costs
associated with mining inputs and labour; the speculative nature of mineral exploration and development, including
the risk of obtaining necessary licenses and permits and the presence of laws and regulations that may impose
restrictions on mining, including those currently in the province of Chubut, Argentina; diminishing quantities or grades
of mineral reserves as properties are mined; global financial conditions; the Company’s ability to complete and
successfully integrate acquisitions and to mitigate other business combination risks; challenges to, or difficulty in
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
66
maintaining, the Company’s title to properties and continued ownership thereof; the actual results of current
exploration activities, conclusions of economic evaluations, and changes in project parameters to deal with
unanticipated economic or other factors; increased competition in the mining industry for properties, equipment,
qualified personnel, and their costs; having sufficient cash to pay obligations as they come due; and those factors
identified under the caption “Risks Related to Pan American’s Business” in the Company’s most recent Form 40-F and
Annual Information Form as well as those factors identified in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in the Company's
management information circular dated December 4, 2018with respect to the Arrangement, each filed with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission and Canadian provincial securities regulatory authorities,
respectively. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to
differ materially, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated, described, or
intended. Investors are cautioned against attributing undue certainty or reliance on forward-looking statements or
information. Forward-looking statements and information are designed to help readers understand management's
current views of our near and longer term prospects and may not be appropriate for other purposes. The Company
does not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update these forward-looking statements or information to
reflect changes in assumptions or in circumstances or any other events affecting such statements or information,
other than as required by applicable law.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Mineral Reserves and Resources
This MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Canadian securities laws, which differ from
the requirements of U.S. securities laws. Unless otherwise indicated, all mineral reserve and resource estimates
included in the MD&A have been disclosed in accordance with NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining,
Metallurgy, and Petroleum Definition Standards. NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities
Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical
information concerning mineral projects. Canadian standards, including NI 43-101, differ significantly from the
requirements of the SEC, and information concerning mineralization, deposits, mineral reserve and resource
information contained or referred to herein may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by U.S. companies.
In particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this MD&A uses the terms “measured resource”,
“indicated resources” and “inferred resources”. U.S. investors are advised that, while such terms are recognized and
required by Canadian Securities laws, the SEC does not recognize them. The requirements of NI 43-101 for
identification of “reserves” are not the same as those of the SEC, and reserves reported by Pan American, in compliance
with NI 43-101, may not qualify as “reserves” under SEC standards. Under U.S. standards, mineralization may not be
classified as a “reserve” unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and
legally produced for extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. U.S. investors are cautioned not to
assume that any part of a “measured resource” or “indicated resource” will ever be converted in to a “reserve”.
U.S. investors should also understand that “inferred resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their
existence and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part
of the “inferred resources” exist, are economically or legally mineable or will ever be upgraded to a higher category.
Under Canadian Securities laws, estimated “inferred resources” may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility
studies, except in rare cases. Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a mineral resource is permitted disclosure under
Canadian Securities laws. However, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not
constitute “reserves” by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade, without reference to unit measures. Accordingly,
information concerning mineral deposits set forth may not be comparable with information made public companies
that report in accordance with U.S. standards.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
67
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND DECEMBER 31, 2017
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
68
Management’s Responsibility For Financial Reporting
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of Pan American Silver Corp. were prepared by management,
which is responsible for the integrity and fairness of the information presented, including the many amounts that
must of necessity be based on estimates and judgments. These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board (“IASB”). Financial information appearing throughout our management’s discussion and analysis is
consistent with these Consolidated Financial Statements.
In discharging our responsibility for the integrity and fairness of the consolidated financial statements and for the
accounting systems from which they are derived, we maintain the necessary system of internal controls designed to
ensure that transactions are authorized, assets are safeguarded and proper records are maintained. These controls
include quality standards in hiring employees, policies and procedure manuals, a corporate code of conduct and
accountability for performance within appropriate and well-defined areas of responsibility.
The Board of Directors of Pan American Silver Corp. (the "Board") oversees management’s responsibilities for financial
reporting through an Audit Committee, which is composed entirely of directors who are neither officers nor employees
of Pan American Silver Corp. The Audit Committee reviews our consolidated financial statements and recommends
them to the Board for approval. Other key responsibilities of the Audit Committee include reviewing our existing
internal control procedures and planned revisions to those procedures, and advising the directors on auditing matters
and financial reporting issues.
Deloitte LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm appointed by the shareholders of Pan American Silver
Corp. upon the recommendation of the Audit Committee and the Board, have performed an independent audit of
the Consolidated Financial Statements and their report follows. The auditors have full and unrestricted access to the
Audit Committee to discuss their audit and related findings.
"signed"
Michael Steinmann
Chief Executive Officer
March 12, 2019
"signed"
A. Robert Doyle
Chief Financial Officer
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
69
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Pan American Silver Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Pan American Silver Corp. and
subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated income statements,
consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in equity and consolidated
statements of cash flows, for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes
(collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and its financial
performance and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity
with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based
on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 12, 2019, expressed an unqualified
opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered
with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S.
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the
PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of
material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that
respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Vancouver, Canada
March 12, 2019
We have served as the Company's auditor since 1993.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
70
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Pan American Silver Corp.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Pan American Silver Corp. and subsidiaries (the
“Company”) as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework
(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion,
the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by
COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of
the Company and our report dated March 12, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial
statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and
for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm
registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with
the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting
was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over
financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and
operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we
considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting
includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made
only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
71
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the
company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that
controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the
policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Vancouver, Canada
March 12, 2019
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
72
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
138,510
74,004
96,091
13,108
214,465
640
—
11,556
548,374
1,301,002
70
12,244
70,566
2,163
3,057
1,937,476
131,743
—
51
5,072
5,356
8,306
150,528
70,083
148,819
1,320
13,288
25,425
14,664
424,127
175,953
51,590
109,746
16,991
218,715
1,092
7,949
13,434
595,470
1,336,683
80
2,679
55,017
346
3,057
1,993,332
139,698
3,000
1,906
8,245
5,734
26,131
184,714
61,248
171,228
1,825
12,017
26,954
14,295
472,281
2,321,498
22,573
208
(836,067)
1,508,212
5,137
1,513,349
1,937,476
$
2,318,252
22,463
1,605
(825,470)
1,516,850
4,201
1,521,051
1,993,332
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 25)
Short-term investments (Note 9)
Trade and other receivables
Income taxes receivable
Inventories (Note 10)
Derivative financial instruments (Note 8)
Assets held for sale (Note 11)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Non-current assets
Mineral properties, plant and equipment (Note 11)
Long-term refundable tax
Deferred tax assets (Note 28)
Investment in associates (Note 13)
Other assets (Note 14)
Goodwill (Note 12)
Total Assets
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 15)
Loans payable (Note 16)
Derivative financial instruments (Note 8)
Current portion of provisions (Note 17)
Current portion of finance lease (Note 18)
Income tax payable
Non-current liabilities
Long-term portion of provisions (Note 17)
Deferred tax liabilities (Note 28)
Long-term portion of finance lease (Note 18)
Deferred revenue (Note 13)
Other long-term liabilities (Note 19)
Share purchase warrants (Note 13)
Total Liabilities
Equity
Capital and reserves (Note 20)
Issued capital
Share option reserve
Investment revaluation reserve
Deficit
Total Equity attributable to equity holders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Total Equity
Total Liabilities and Equity
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 8, 29); subsequent events (Note 31)
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
APPROVED BY THE BOARD ON MARCH 12, 2019
"signed" Ross Beaty, Director
"signed" Michael Steinmann, Director
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
73
Consolidated Income Statements
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share amounts)
Revenue (Note 26)
Cost of sales
Production costs (Note 21)
Depreciation and amortization (Note 11)
Royalties
Mine operating earnings
General and administrative
Exploration and project development
Foreign exchange (losses) gains
Impairment (charges) reversals (Note 12)
Gains on commodity and foreign currency contracts (Note 8)
Gains on sale of mineral properties, plant and equipment (Note 11)
Share of income from associate and dilution gain (Note 13)
Transaction costs(1)
Other expense
Earnings from operations
(Loss) gain on derivatives (Note 8)
investment (loss) income
Interest and finance expense (Note 23)
Earnings before income taxes
Income tax expense (Note 28)
Net earnings for the year
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders (Note 24)
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Weighted average shares outstanding (in 000’s) Basic
Weighted average shares outstanding (in 000’s) Diluted
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
(1)
Transaction costs incurred as part of the acquisition of Tahoe Resources Inc. described in Note 31.
2018
2017
$
784,495
$
816,828
(515,636)
(147,289)
(20,673)
(683,598)
100,897
(22,649)
(11,138)
(9,326)
(27,789)
4,930
7,973
13,679
(10,229)
(3,659)
42,689
(1,078)
(284)
(8,139)
33,188
(21,147)
(500,670)
(122,888)
(24,510)
(648,068)
168,760
(21,397)
(19,755)
1,823
61,554
606
191
2,052
—
(5,505)
188,329
64
1,277
(7,185)
182,485
(59,034)
$
12,041
$
123,451
$
$
$
10,294
1,747
120,991
2,460
12,041
$
123,451
0.07
0.07
$
$
153,315
153,522
0.79
0.79
153,070
153,353
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
74
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Net earnings for the year
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net earnings:
Unrealized net gains on short-term investments (net of $nil tax in 2018 and 2017)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses on short-term investments to earnings
Total comprehensive earnings for the year
Total comprehensive earnings attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
$
$
$
$
2018
12,041
$
2017
123,451
993
(788)
810
361
12,246
$
124,622
10,499
1,747
12,246
$
$
122,162
2,460
124,622
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
75
Cash flow from operating activities
Net earnings for the period
Current income tax expense (Note 28)
Deferred income tax recovery (Note 28)
Interest recovery (Note 23)
Depreciation and amortization (Note 11)
Impairment charges (reversals) (Note 12)
Accretion on closure and decommissioning provision (Note 17)
Unrealized foreign exchange losses (gains)
Gain on sale of mineral properties, plant and equipment
Project development write-down
Other operating activities (Note 25)
Changes in non-cash operating working capital (Note 25)
Operating cash flows before interest and income taxes
Interest paid
Interest received
Income taxes paid
Net cash generated from operating activities
Cash flow from investing activities
Payments for mineral properties, plant and equipment
Acquisition of mineral interests
Net purchase of short-term investments
Proceeds from sale of mineral properties, plant and equipment
Purchase of shares in associate (Note 13)
Net proceeds (payments) from commodity, diesel fuel swaps, and foreign currency contracts
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flow from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of equity shares
Distributions to non-controlling interests
Dividends paid
Repayment of credit facility
(Repayment of) proceeds from short-term loans (Note 16)
Payment of equipment leases
Net cash used in financing activities
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
Supplemental cash flow information (Note 25).
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
2018
2017
$
12,041
$
123,451
53,901
(32,754)
(678)
147,289
27,789
6,524
10,337
(7,973)
—
17,724
(4,261)
229,939
(1,684)
1,944
(75,221)
154,978
$
$
62,877
(3,843)
(1,179)
122,888
(61,554)
5,973
(383)
(191)
1,898
12,663
11,709
274,309
(2,367)
1,462
(48,845)
224,559
(144,348) $
(7,500)
(25,554)
15,781
—
2,449
(142,232)
(20,219)
(14,267)
1,674
(2,473)
(304)
(159,172) $
(177,821)
$
1,081
(2,020)
(21,284)
—
(3,000)
(7,911)
(33,134) $
(115)
(37,443)
175,953
138,510
$
2,606
(1,052)
(15,314)
(36,200)
3,000
(4,542)
(51,502)
(164)
(4,928)
180,881
175,953
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
76
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares)
Attributable to equity holders of the Company
Issued
shares
Issued
capital
Share
option
reserve
Investment
revaluation
reserve
Deficit
Total
Non-
controlling
interests
Total
equity
Balance, December 31, 2016
152,334,652
$ 2,303,978
$
22,946
$
434
$ (931,060) $ 1,396,298
$
2,706
$ 1,399,004
Total comprehensive earnings
Net earnings for the year
Other comprehensive income
Shares issued on the exercise
of stock options
Shares issued as
compensation (Note 25)
Share-based compensation
on option grants
Acquisition of mineral
interests
Distributions by subsidiaries
to non-controlling interests
Dividends paid
Balance, December 31, 2017
Impact of adopting IFRS 9(1)
Balance, January 1, 2018
(restated)
Total comprehensive earnings
Net earnings for the year
Other comprehensive income
—
—
—
307,266
135,404
—
—
—
—
3,604
2,020
—
525,654
8,650
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(998)
—
515
—
—
—
—
1,171
1,171
120,991
—
120,991
120,991
1,171
122,162
2,460
—
2,460
123,451
1,171
124,622
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,606
2,020
515
8,650
—
—
—
—
2,606
2,020
515
8,650
(87)
(87)
(15,314)
(15,314)
(965)
—
(1,052)
(15,314)
153,302,976
$ 2,318,252
$
22,463
$
1,605
$ (825,470) $ 1,516,850
$
4,201
$ 1,521,051
—
—
—
(1,602)
1,602
— $
—
—
153,302,976
$ 2,318,252
$
22,463
$
3
$ (823,868) $ 1,516,850
$
4,201
$ 1,521,051
Cancellation of expired shares
(120,339)
Shares issued on the exercise
of stock options
Shares issued as
compensation (Note 25)
Share-based compensation
on option grants
Distributions by subsidiaries
to non-controlling interests
Dividends paid
125,762
139,957
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,367
1,879
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(286)
—
396
—
—
—
205
205
—
—
—
—
—
—
10,294
—
10,294
178
—
—
—
10,294
205
10,499
178
1,081
1,879
396
1,747
—
1,747
—
—
—
—
12,041
205
12,246
178
1,081
1,879
396
(1,209)
(21,462)
(1,209)
(21,462)
(811)
—
(2,020)
(21,462)
Balance, December 31, 2018
153,448,356
$ 2,321,498
$
22,573
$
208
$ (836,067) $ 1,508,212
$
5,137
$ 1,513,349
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
(1)
Adjustment upon the adoption of IFRS 16 for investments in equity securities described in Note 4.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
77
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Pan American Silver Corp. is the ultimate parent company of its subsidiary group (collectively, the “Company”, or “Pan
American”). Pan American is incorporated and domiciled in Canada, and its office is at Suite 1500 – 625 Howe Street,
Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 2T6.
The Company is engaged in the production and sale of silver, gold, zinc, lead and copper as well as other related
activities, including exploration, extraction, processing, refining and reclamation. The Company’s major products
produced from mines in Peru, Mexico, Argentina and Bolivia. Additionally, the Company has project development
activities in Peru, Mexico and Argentina, and exploration activities throughout South America and Mexico.
2. BASIS OF PREPARATION
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). IFRS comprises IFRSs,
International Accounting Standards (“IAS”), and interpretations issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee
(“IFRICs”) and the former Standing Interpretations Committee (“SIC”).
These consolidated financial statements were approved for issuance by the Board of Directors on March 12, 2019.
3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are as follows:
a) Presentation currency
The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars (“USD”), which is the Company’s
and each of the subsidiaries' functional and presentation currency, and all values are rounded to the nearest
thousand except where otherwise indicated.
b) Basis of measurement
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an historical cost basis, except for those assets
and liabilities that are measured at revalued amounts or fair values at the end of each reporting period.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
78
Alamo Dorado mine
La Colorada mine
Dolores mine
Manantial Espejo mine & Cap-
Oeste Sur Este ("COSE") project
Joaquin project
San Vicente mine
Navidad Project
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
c) Basis of consolidation
The accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, which are controlled by the Company, have been included in
these consolidated financial statements. Control is achieved when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to
variable returns from the investee and when the Company has the ability to affect those returns through its power
over the investee. Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial results of the Company from the effective
date of acquisition up to the effective date of disposition or loss of control. The principal subsidiaries of the
Company
follows:
2018 were
December 31,
geographic
locations
their
and
as
at
Subsidiary
Location
Ownership
Interest
Accounting
Operations and Development
Projects Owned
Pan American Silver Huaron S.A.
Peru
Compañía Minera Argentum S.A.
Peru
Minera Corner Bay S.A. de C.V.
Mexico
Plata Panamericana S.A. de C.V.
Mexico
Compañía Minera Dolores S.A. de C.V. Mexico
Huaron mine
100% Consolidated
92% Consolidated Morococha mine
100% Consolidated
100% Consolidated
100% Consolidated
Minera Tritón Argentina S.A.
Minera Joaquin S.R.L.
Pan American Silver (Bolivia) S.A.
Minera Argenta S.A.
Argentina
Argentina
Bolivia
Argentina
100% Consolidated
100% Consolidated
95% Consolidated
100% Consolidated
d) Investments in associates
An associate is an entity over which the investor has significant influence but not control and that is neither a
subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture. Significant influence is presumed to exist where the Company has
between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, but can also arise where the Company has less than 20%, if the
Company has the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions affecting the entity. The
Company’s share of the net assets and net earnings or loss is accounted for in the consolidated financial statements
using the equity method of accounting.
e) Business combinations
Upon the acquisition of a business, the acquisition method of accounting is used, whereby the purchase
consideration is allocated to the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities (identifiable net assets)
acquired on the basis of fair value at the date of acquisition. When the cost of the acquisition exceeds the fair
value attributable to the Company’s share of the identifiable net assets, the difference is treated as goodwill,
which is not amortized and is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently when there is an indication
of impairment. If the fair value attributable to the Company’s share of the identifiable net assets exceeds the cost
of acquisition, the difference is immediately recognized in the consolidated income statement. Acquisition related
costs, other than costs to issue debt or equity securities of the acquirer, including investment banking fees, legal
fees, accounting fees, valuation fees, and other professional or consulting fees are expensed as incurred. The
costs to issue equity securities of the Company as consideration for the acquisition are reduced from share capital
as share issuance costs. The costs to issue debt securities are capitalized and amortized using the effective interest
method.
Non-controlling interests are measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share
of the recognized amounts of the acquirers’ identifiable net assets as at the date of acquisition. The choice of
measurement basis is made on a transaction by transaction basis.
Control of a business may be achieved in stages. Upon the acquisition of control, any previously held interest is
re-measured to fair value at the date control is obtained resulting in a gain or loss upon the acquisition of control.
If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the
combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is
incomplete. These provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period, or additional assets or
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
79
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
liabilities are recognized, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the
acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date.
f) Revenue recognition
Policy applicable from January 1, 2018
Revenue associated with the sale of commodities is recognized when control of the asset sold is transferred to
the customer. Indicators of control transferring include an unconditional obligation to pay, legal title, physical
possession, transfer of risk and rewards and customer acceptance. This generally occurs when the goods are
delivered to a loading port, warehouse, vessel or metal account as contractually agreed with the buyer; at which
point the buyer controls the goods. In cases where the Company is responsible for the cost of shipping and certain
other services after the date on which control of the goods transfers to the customer, these other services are
considered separate performance obligations and thus a portion of revenue earned under the contract is allocated
and recognized as these performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company’s concentrate sales contracts with third-party buyers, in general, provide for a provisional payment
based upon provisional assays and quoted metal prices. Final settlement is based on applicable commodity prices
set on specified quotational periods, typically ranging from one month prior to shipment, and can extend to three
months after the shipment arrives at the smelter and is based on average market metal prices. For this purpose,
the transaction price can be measured reliably for those products, such as silver, gold, zinc, lead and copper, for
which there exists an active and freely traded commodity market such as the London Metals Exchange and the
value of product sold by the Company is directly linked to the form in which it is traded on that market.
Sales revenue is commonly subject to adjustments based on an inspection of the product by the customer. In
such cases, sales revenue is initially recognized on a provisional basis using the Company’s best estimate of
contained metal, and adjusted subsequently. Revenues are recorded under these contracts at the time control
passes to the buyer based on the expected settlement period. Revenue on provisionally priced sales is recognized
based on estimates of the fair value of the consideration receivable based on forward market prices and estimated
quantities. At each reporting date provisionally priced metal is marked to market based on the forward selling
price for the quotational period stipulated in the contract. Variations between the price recorded at the date
when control is transferred to the buyer and the actual final price set under the smelting contracts are caused
by changes in metal prices resulting in the receivable being recorded at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL").
IFRS 15 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("IFRS 15") requires that variable consideration should only be
recognized to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue
recognized will not occur. The Company concluded that the adjustments relating to the final assay results for the
quantity and quality of concentrate sold are not significant and do not constrain the recognition of revenue.
Refining and treatment charges under the sales contracts are netted against revenue for sales of metal concentrate.
The Company recognizes deferred revenue in the event it receives payments from customers in consideration for
future commitments to deliver metals and before such sale meets the criteria for revenue recognition. The
Company recognizes amounts in revenue as the metals are delivered to the customer. Specifically, for the metal
agreements entered into with Maverix Metals Inc. ("Maverix"), the Company determines the amortization of
deferred revenue to the Consolidated Income Statement on a per unit basis using the estimated total quantity
of metal expected to be delivered to Maverix over the terms of the contract. The Company estimates the current
portion of deferred revenue based on quantities anticipated to be delivered over the next twelve months
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
80
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Policy applicable before January 1, 2018
Revenue associated with the sale of commodities is recognized when all significant risks and rewards of ownership
of the asset sold are transferred to the customer, usually when insurance risk and title has passed to the customer
and the commodity has been delivered to the shipping agent. At this point the Company retains neither continuing
managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the
commodities and the costs incurred, or to be incurred, in respect of the sale, can be reliably measured. Revenue
is recognized at the fair value of the consideration receivable, to the extent that it is probable that economic
benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Sales revenue is recognized at the
fair value of consideration received, which in most cases is based on invoiced amounts.
The Company’s concentrate sales contracts with third-party smelters, in general, provide for a provisional payment
based upon provisional assays and quoted metal prices. Final settlement is based on applicable commodity prices
set on specified quotational periods, typically ranging from one month prior to shipment, and can extend to three
months after the shipment arrives at the smelter and is based on average market metal prices. For this purpose,
the selling price can be measured reliably for those products, such as silver, gold, zinc, lead and copper, for which
there exists an active and freely traded commodity market such as the London Metals Exchange and the value
of product sold by the Company is directly linked to the form in which it is traded on that market.
Sales revenue is commonly subject to adjustments based on an inspection of the product by the customer. In
such cases, sales revenue is initially recognized on a provisional basis using the Company’s best estimate of
contained metal, and adjusted subsequently. Revenues are recorded under these contracts at the time title passes
to the buyer based on the expected settlement period. Revenue on provisionally priced sales is recognized based
on estimates of the fair value of the consideration receivable based on forward market prices. At each reporting
date provisionally priced metal is marked to market based on the forward selling price for the quotational period
stipulated in the contract. Variations between the price recorded at the shipment date and the actual final price
set under the smelting contracts are caused by changes in metal prices and result in an embedded derivative in
the accounts receivable. The embedded derivative is recorded at fair value each period until final settlement
occurs, with the fair value adjustments recognized in revenue.
Refining and treatment charges under the sales contract with third-party smelters are netted against revenue for
sales of metal concentrate.
The Company recognizes deferred revenue in the event it receives payments from customers in consideration for
future commitments to deliver metals and before such sale meets the criteria for revenue recognition. The
Company recognizes amounts in revenue as the metals are delivered to the customer. Specifically, for the metal
agreements entered into with Maverix, the Company determines the amortization of deferred revenue to the
Consolidated Income Statement on a per unit basis using the estimated total quantity of metal expected to be
delivered to Maverix over the terms of the contract. The Company estimates the current portion of deferred
revenue based on quantities anticipated to be delivered over the next twelve months
g) Financial instruments
Policy applicable from January 1, 2018
Measurement – initial recognition
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in the Company’s statement of financial position when the
Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, all financial
assets and financial liabilities are recorded at fair value, net of attributable transaction costs, except for financial
assets and liabilities classified as at FVTPL. Transaction costs of financial assets and liabilities classified as at FVTPL
are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
Subsequent measurement of financial assets and liabilities depends on the classifications of such assets and
liabilities.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
81
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Classification of financial assets
Amortized cost:
Financial assets that meet the following conditions are measured subsequently at amortized cost:
(i) The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to
collect contractual cash flows, and
(ii) The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments
of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
The amortized cost of a financial asset is the amount at which the financial asset is measured at initial recognition
minus the principal repayments, plus the cumulative amortization using effective interest method of any
difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any loss allowance. Interest income
is recognized using the effective interest method. Interest income is recognized in Investment (loss) income in
the Consolidated Income Statements.
The Company's financial assets at amortized cost primarily include cash and cash equivalents, receivables not
arising from sale of metal concentrates included in Trade and other receivables in the Consolidated Statement of
Financial Position (Note 8(a)).
Fair value through other comprehensive income ("FVTOCI"):
Financial assets that meet the following conditions are measured at FVTOCI:
(i) The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual
cash flows and selling financial assets, and
(ii) The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments
of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
The Company's short-term investments in other than equity securities are measured at FVTOCI (Note 8(c)).
FVTPL:
By default, all other financial assets are measured subsequently at FVTPL.
The Company, at initial recognition, may also irrevocably designate a financial asset as measured at FVTPL if doing
so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise
from measuring assets or liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases.
Financial assets measured at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair
value gains or losses recognized in profit or loss to the extent they are not part of a designated hedging relationship.
Fair value is determined in the manner described in Note 8(e)(ii). The Company's financial assets at FVTPL include
its trade receivables from provisional concentrate sales, short-term investments in equity securities, and derivative
assets not designated as hedging instruments.
Financial liabilities and equity
Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the
substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting
all its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct
issue costs. Repurchase of the Company’s own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity.
No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own
equity instruments.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
82
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Classification of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities that are not contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination, held for trading
or designated as at FVTPL, are measured at amortized cost using effective interest method.
Derivatives
When the Company enters into derivative contracts, these transactions are designed to reduce exposures related
to assets and liabilities, firm commitments or anticipated transactions. The Company does not have derivative
instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges and consequently all derivatives are recorded at fair value with
changes in fair value recognized in net earnings.
The following table summarizes the classification and measurement of the Company’s financial assets prior to
January 1, 2018 in accordance with IAS 39, compared to the new classification as of January 1, 2018, in accordance
with IFRS 9:
Financial Asset
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments - equity securities
Short-term investments - other than equity securities
Trade receivables from provisional concentrates sales
Receivable not arising from sale of metal concentrates
Derivative financial assets
IAS 39 Classification / Measurement
Loans and receivables / Amortized cost
Available-for-sale / FVTOCI
Available-for-sale / FVTOCI
FVTPL
Loans and receivables / Amortized cost
Held-for-trading / FVTPL
Additional disclosures have been presented in Note 8 as a result of adopting IFRS 9.
Policy applicable before January 1, 2018
IFRS 9 Classification and
Measurement
Amortized cost
FVTPL
FVTOCI
FVTPL
Amortized cost
FVTPL
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or
equity instrument of another entity.
(i) Financial assets
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories: at fair value through profit or loss, loans
and receivables, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments. The classification depends on the purpose
for which the financial assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of financial assets at
initial recognition.
a. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets are classified as at fair value through profit or loss when the financial asset is either held
for trading or it is designated as at fair value through profit and loss. Derivatives are included in this
category and are classified as current assets or non-current assets based on their maturity date. The
Company does not acquire financial assets for the purpose of selling in the short term. Financial assets
carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognized at fair value. The directly attributable
transaction costs are expensed in the income statement in the period in which they are incurred.
Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in net earnings.
b. Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are
not quoted in an active market. Loans and receivables comprise ‘trade and other receivables’, ‘other
assets’ and ‘cash and cash equivalents’ in the statement of financial position. Loans and receivables are
carried at amortized cost less any impairment.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
83
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
c. Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either specifically designated as available-
for- sale or not classified in any of the other categories. They are included in current assets. Changes in
the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets denominated in a currency other than the functional
currency of the holder, other than equity investments, are analyzed between translation differences and
other changes in the carrying amount of the securities. The translation differences are recognized in the
consolidated income statement. Any impairment charges are also recognized in the consolidated income
statement, while other changes in fair value are recognized in the investment revaluation reserve. When
financial assets classified as available-for-sale are sold, the accumulated fair value adjustments previously
recognized in the investment revaluation reserve are reclassified to the consolidated income statement.
Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are also recognized in the consolidated income
statement within investment income when the Company’s right to receive payments is established.
d. Held-to-maturity investments
Non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity are classified as
held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity. Other long-
term investments that are intended to be held-to-maturity, such as bonds, are measured at amortized
cost. This cost is computed as the amount initially recognized minus principal repayments, plus or minus
the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of any difference between the initially
recognized amount and the maturity amount. This calculation includes all fees paid or received between
parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and all
other premiums and discounts. For investments carried at amortized cost, gains and losses are recognized
in income when the investments are derecognized or impaired, as well as through the amortization
process.
(ii) Financial liabilities
Borrowings and other financial liabilities are classified as other financial liabilities and are recognized initially at
fair value, net of transaction costs incurred and are subsequently stated at amortized cost. Any difference between
the amounts originally received (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the income
statement over the period to maturity using the effective interest method.
Borrowings and other financial liabilities are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an
unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the statement of financial
position date.
(iii) Derivative financial instruments
When the Company enters into derivative contracts, these transactions are designed to reduce exposures related
to assets and liabilities, firm commitments or anticipated transactions. All derivatives are initially recognized at
their fair value on the date the derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair
value at each statement of financial position date.
Embedded derivatives: Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments or other host contracts are treated
as separate derivatives when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to their host contracts.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
84
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
(iv) Fair value
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. Where quoted market prices are available, these are
used to determine fair values. In other cases, fair values are calculated using quotations from independent financial
institutions, or by using valuation techniques consistent with general market practice applicable to the instrument.
• The fair values of cash and short term borrowings approximate their carrying values as a result of their short
maturity or because they carry floating rates of interest.
• Derivative financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value.
(v) Impairment of financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets
The Company assesses at each statement of financial position date whether there is objective evidence that a
financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. In the case of equity securities classified as available for
sale, an evaluation is made as to whether a decline in fair value is ‘significant’ or ‘prolonged’ based on an analysis
of indicators such as significant adverse changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment in
which the investee operates.
If an available-for-sale financial asset is impaired, an amount comprising the difference between its cost (net of
any principal payment and amortization) and its current fair value, less any impairment loss previously recognized
in the consolidated income statement is transferred from the investment revaluation reserve to the consolidated
income statement. Reversals in respect of equity instruments classified as available-for-sale are not recognized
in the consolidated income statement. Reversals of impairment losses on debt instruments are reversed through
the consolidated income statement if the increase in fair value of the instrument can be objectively related to an
event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized.
(vi) Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities
Financial assets
A financial asset is derecognized when its contractual rights to the cash flows that comprise the financial asset
expire or substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset are transferred.
Financial liabilities
Gains and losses on discharge, cancellation or expiry of a financial liability are recognized within finance income
and finance costs, respectively.
Where an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms,
or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a
settlement of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and any difference in the respective
carrying amounts is recognized in the income statement.
(vii) Trade receivables
Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortized cost reduced
by any provision for impairment. A provision for impairment of trade receivables is established when there is
objective evidence that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due. Indicators of impairment would
include financial difficulties of the debtor, likelihood of the debtor’s insolvency, default in payment or a significant
deterioration in credit worthiness. Any impairment is recognized in the income statement within ‘doubtful
accounts provision’. When a trade receivable is uncollectable, it is written off against the provision for impairment.
Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against ‘doubtful accounts provision’ in the
income statement.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
85
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
(viii) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at
amortized cost using the effective interest method.
(ix) Share purchase warrant liabilities
Share purchase warrant liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized
cost using the effective interest rate method.
h) Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company utilizes metals and currency contracts, including forward contracts to manage exposure to
fluctuations in metal prices and foreign currency exchange rates. For metals production, these contracts are
intended to reduce the risk of falling prices on the Company’s future sales. Foreign currency derivative financial
instruments, such as forward contracts are used to manage the effects of exchange rate changes on foreign
currency cost exposures. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date
on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are
carried as assets when the fair value is positive and as liabilities when the fair value is negative and any gains or
losses arising from changes in fair value on derivatives are taken directly to earnings for the year. The fair value
of forward currency and commodity contracts is calculated by reference to current forward exchange rates and
prices for contracts with similar maturity profiles.
Derivatives, including certain conversion options and warrants with exercise prices in a currency other than the
functional currency, are recognized at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss.
i) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash in banks. It also includes short-term money market
investments that are readily convertible to cash with original terms of three months or less. Cash and cash
equivalents are classified as loans and receivables and therefore are stated at amortized cost, less any impairment.
j) Short-term investments
Short-term investments are classified as “available-for-sale”, and consist of highly-liquid debt securities with
original maturities in excess of three months and equity securities. These debt and equity securities are initially
recorded at fair value, which upon their initial measurement is equal to their cost. Subsequent measurements
and changes in the market value of these debt and equity securities are recorded as changes to other
comprehensive income. Investments are assessed quarterly for potential impairment.
k) Inventories
Inventories include work in progress, concentrate ore, doré, processed silver and gold, heap leach inventory, and
operating materials and supplies. Work in progress inventory includes ore stockpiles and other partly processed
material. Stockpiles represent ore that has been extracted and is available for further processing. The classification
of inventory is determined by the stage at which the ore is in the production process. Inventories of ore are
sampled for metal content and are valued based on the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value ("NRV")
based upon the period ending prices of contained metal. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis or using
a first-in-first-out basis and includes all costs incurred in the normal course of business including direct material
and direct labour costs and an allocation of production overheads, depreciation and amortization, and other
costs, based on normal production capacity, incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition.
Material that does not contain a minimum quantity of metal to cover estimated processing expenses to recover
the contained metal is not classified as inventory and is assigned no value. The work in progress inventory is
considered part of the operating cycle which the Company classifies as current inventory and hence heap leach
and stockpiles are included in current inventory. Quantities are assessed primarily through surveys and assays.
The costs incurred in the construction of the heap leach pad are capitalized. Heap leach inventory represents
silver and gold contained in ore that has been placed on the leach pad for cyanide irrigation. The heap leach
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
86
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
process is a process of extracting silver and gold by placing ore on an impermeable pad and applying a diluted
cyanide solution that dissolves a portion of the contained silver and gold, which is then recovered during the
metallurgical process. When the ore is placed on the pad, an estimate of the recoverable ounces is made based
on tonnage, ore grade and estimated recoveries of the ore type placed on the pad. The estimated recoverable
ounces on the pad are used to compile the inventory cost.
The Company uses several integrated steps to scientifically measure the metal content of the ore placed on the
leach pads. The tonnage, grade, and ore type to be mined in a period was first estimated using the Mineral Reserve
model. As the ore body is drilled in preparation for the blasting process, samples are taken of the drill residue
which is assayed to determine their metal content and quantities of contained metal. The estimated recoverable
ounces carried in the leach pad inventory are adjusted based on actual recoveries being experienced. Actual and
estimated recoveries achieved are measured to the extent possible using various indicators including, but not
limited to, individual cell recoveries, the use of leach curve recovery and trends in the levels of carried ounces
depending on the circumstances or cumulative pad recoveries.
The Company then processes the ore through the crushing facility where the output is again weighed and sampled
for assaying. A metallurgical reconciliation with the data collected from the mining operation is completed with
appropriate adjustments made to previous estimates. The crushed ore is then transported to the leach pad for
application of the leaching solution. The samples from the automated sampler are assayed each shift and used
for process control. The quantity of leach solution is measured by flow meters throughout the leaching and
precipitation process. The pregnant solution from the heap leach is collected and passed through the processing
circuit to produce precipitate which is retorted and then smelted to produce doré bars.
The Company allocates direct and indirect production costs to by-products on a systematic and rational basis.
With respect to concentrate and doré inventory, production costs are allocated based on the silver equivalent
ounces contained within the respective concentrate and doré.
The inventory is stated at lower of cost or NRV, with cost being determined using a weighted average cost method.
The ending inventory value of ounces associated with the leach pad is equal to opening recoverable ounces plus
recoverable ounces placed less ounces produced plus or minus ounce adjustments.
The estimate of both the ultimate recovery expected over time and the quantity of metal that may be extracted
relative to the time the leach process occurs requires the use of estimates which rely upon laboratory test work
and estimated models of the leaching kinetics in the heap leach pads. Test work consists of leach columns of up
to 400 days duration with 150 days being the average, from which the Company projects metal recoveries up to
three years in the future. The quantities of metal contained in the ore are based upon actual weights and assay
analysis. The rate at which the leach process extracts gold and silver from the crushed ore is based upon laboratory
column tests and actual experience. The assumptions used by the Company to measure metal content during
each stage of the inventory conversion process include estimated recovery rates based on laboratory testing and
assaying. The Company periodically reviews its estimates compared to actual experience and revises its estimates
when appropriate. The ultimate recovery will not be known until the leaching operations cease.
Supplies inventories are valued at the lower of average cost and NRV using replacement cost plus cost to dispose,
net of obsolescence. Concentrate and doré inventory includes product at the mine site, the port warehouse and
product held by refineries. At times, the Company has a limited amount of finished silver at a minting operation
where coins depicting Pan American’s emblem are stamped.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
87
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
l) Mineral properties, plant and equipment
On initial acquisition, mineral properties, plant and equipment are valued at cost, being the purchase price and
the directly attributable costs of acquisition or construction required to bring the asset to the location and
condition necessary for the asset to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. When
provisions for closure and decommissioning are recognized, the corresponding cost is capitalized as part of the
cost of the related assets, representing part of the cost of acquiring the future economic benefits of the operation.
The capitalized cost of closure and decommissioning activities is recognized in mineral property, plant and
equipment and depreciated accordingly.
In subsequent periods, buildings, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any
impairment in value, whilst land is stated at cost less any impairment in value and is not depreciated.
Each asset's or part’s estimated useful life has due regard to both its own physical life limitations and the present
assessment of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property at which the item is located, and to possible
future variations in those assessments. Estimates of remaining useful lives and residual values are reviewed
annually. Changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.
The expected useful lives are included below in the accounting policy for depreciation of property, plant, and
equipment. The net carrying amounts of mineral property, land, buildings, plant and equipment are reviewed for
impairment either individually or at the cash-generating unit level when events and changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. To the extent that these values exceed their
recoverable amounts, that excess is recorded as an impairment provision in the financial year in which this is
determined.
In countries where the Company paid Value Added Tax (“VAT”) and where there is uncertainty of its recoverability,
the VAT payments have either been deferred with mineral property costs relating to the property or expensed if
it relates to mineral exploration. If the Company ultimately recovers previously deferred amounts, the amount
received will be applied to reduce mineral property costs or taken as a credit against current expenses depending
on the prior treatment.
Expenditure on major maintenance or repairs includes the cost of the replacement of parts of assets and overhaul
costs. Where an asset or part of an asset is replaced and it is probable that future economic benefits associated
with the item will be available to the Company, the expenditure is capitalized and the carrying amount of the
item replaced derecognized. Similarly, overhaul costs associated with major maintenance are capitalized and
depreciated over their useful lives where it is probable that future economic benefits will be available and any
remaining carrying amounts of the cost of previous overhauls are derecognized. All other costs are expensed as
incurred.
Where an item of mineral property, plant and equipment is disposed of, it is derecognized and the difference
between its carrying value and net sales proceeds is disclosed as earnings or loss on disposal in the income
statement. Any items of mineral property, plant or equipment that cease to have future economic benefits are
derecognized with any gain or loss included in the financial year in which the item is derecognized.
m) Operational mining properties and mine development
When it has been determined that a mineral property can be economically developed as a result of establishing
proven and probable reserves (which occurs upon completion of a positive economic analysis of the mineral
deposit), the costs incurred to develop such property including costs to further delineate the ore body and remove
overburden to initially expose the ore body prior to the start of mining operations, are also capitalized. Such costs
are amortized using the units-of-production method over the estimated life of the ore body based on proven and
probable reserves.
Costs associated with commissioning activities on constructed plants are deferred from the date of mechanical
completion of the facilities until the date the Company is ready to commence commercial production. Any
revenues earned during this period are recorded as a reduction in deferred commissioning costs. These costs are
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
88
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
amortized using the units-of-production method (described below) over the life of the mine, commencing on the
date of commercial production.
Acquisition costs related to the acquisition of land and mineral rights are capitalized as incurred. Prior to acquiring
such land or mineral rights, the Company makes a preliminary evaluation to determine that the property has
significant potential to economically develop the deposit. The time between initial acquisition and full evaluation
of a property’s potential is dependent on many factors including: location relative to existing infrastructure, the
property’s stage of development, geological controls and metal prices. If a mineable deposit is discovered, such
costs are amortized when production begins. If no mineable deposit is discovered, such costs are expensed in
the period in which it is determined the property has no future economic value. In countries where the Company
has paid VAT and where there is uncertainty of its recoverability, the VAT payments have either been deferred
with mineral property costs relating to the property or expensed if it relates to mineral exploration. If the Company
ultimately makes recoveries of the VAT, the amount received will be applied to reduce mineral property costs or
taken as a credit against current expenses depending on the prior treatment.
Major development expenditures on producing properties incurred to increase production or extend the life of
the mine are capitalized while ongoing mining expenditures on producing properties are charged against earnings
as incurred. Gains or losses from sales or retirements of assets are included in gain or loss on sale of assets.
n) Depreciation of mineral property, plant and equipment
The carrying amounts of mineral property, plant and equipment (including initial and any subsequent capital
expenditure) are depreciated to their estimated residual value over the estimated useful lives of the specific
assets concerned, or the estimated life of the associated mine or mineral lease, if shorter. Estimates of residual
values and useful lives are reviewed annually and any change in estimate is taken into account in the determination
of remaining depreciation charges, and adjusted if appropriate, at each statement of financial position date.
Changes to the estimated residual values or useful lives are accounted for prospectively. Depreciation commences
on the date when the asset is available for use as intended by management.
i) Units of production basis
For mining properties and leases and certain mining equipment, the economic benefits from the asset are
consumed in a pattern which is linked to the production level. Except as noted below, such assets are
depreciated on a units of production basis.
In applying the units of production method, depreciation is normally calculated using the quantity of material
extracted from the mine in the period as a percentage of the total quantity of material to be extracted in
current and future periods based on proven and probable reserves.
ii) Straight line basis
Assets within operations for which production is not expected to fluctuate significantly from one year to
another or which have a physical life shorter than the related mine are depreciated on a straight line basis.
Mineral properties, plant and equipment are depreciated over their useful life, or over the remaining life of
the mine if shorter. The major categories of property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a unit of
production and/or straight-line basis as follows:
Land – not depreciated
•
• Mobile equipment – 3 to 7 years
• Buildings and plant facilities – 25 to 50 years
• Mining properties and leases including capitalized evaluation and development expenditures – based
on applicable reserves on a unit of production basis.
• Exploration and evaluation – not depreciated until mine goes into production
• Assets under construction – not depreciated until assets are ready for their intended use
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
89
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
o) Exploration and evaluation expenditure
Relates to costs incurred on the exploration and evaluation of potential mineral reserves and resources and
includes costs such as exploratory drilling and sample testing and the costs of pre-feasibility studies. Exploration
expenditures relates to the initial search for deposits with economic potential. Evaluation expenditures arise from
a detailed assessment of deposits or other projects that have been identified as having economic potential.
Expenditures on exploration activity are not capitalized.
Capitalization of evaluation expenditures commences when there is a high degree of confidence in the project’s
viability and hence it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company.
Evaluation expenditures, other than that acquired from the purchase of another mining company, is carried
forward as an asset provided that such costs are expected to be recovered in full through successful development
and exploration of the area of interest or alternatively, by its sale.
Purchased exploration and evaluation assets are recognized as assets at their cost of acquisition or at fair value
if purchased as part of a business combination.
In the case of undeveloped projects there may be only inferred resources to form a basis for the impairment
review. The review is based on a status report regarding the Company’s intentions for the development of the
undeveloped project. In some cases, the undeveloped projects are regarded as successors to ore bodies, smelters
or refineries currently in production. Where this is the case, it is intended that these will be developed and go
into production when the current source of ore is exhausted or to replace the reduced output, which results
where existing smelters and/or refineries are closed. It is often the case that technological and other improvements
will allow successor smelters and/or refineries to more than replace the capacity of their predecessors. Subsequent
recovery of the resulting carrying value depends on successful development or sale of the undeveloped project.
If a project does not prove viable, all unrecoverable costs associated with the project, net of any related impairment
provisions, are written off.
An impairment review is performed, either individually or at the cash generating unit ("CGU") level, when there
are indicators that the carrying amount of the assets may exceed their recoverable amounts. A reversal of
impairment test is performed whenever there is an indication that impairment may have reversed. When an
impairment loss reverses in a subsequent period, the revised carrying amount shall not exceed the carrying
amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset previously, less
subsequent depreciation and depletion. Impairments and reversals of impairment are recognized in net earnings
in the period in which they occur. Capitalized exploration and evaluation assets are reassessed on a regular basis
and these costs are carried forward provided that the conditions discussed above for expenditure on exploration
activity and evaluation expenditures are met.
Expenditures are transferred to mining properties and leases or assets under construction once the technical
feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable and the work completed
to date supports the future development of the property. In order to demonstrate technical feasibility and
commercial viability, the Company evaluates the individual project and its established mineral reserves, assesses
the relevant findings and conclusions from the Company’s activities and in applicable technical or other studies
relating to the project, and considers whether and how any additional factors and circumstances might impact
the project, particularly in light of the Company’s capabilities, risk tolerance and desired economic returns. The
Company conducts its managerial evaluation for commercial viability by assessing the factors it considers relevant
to the commercial development of the project, taking into consideration the exploration and technical evaluation
activities and work undertaken in relation to the project. If the asset demonstrates technical feasibility and
commercial viability, the asset is reclassified to mineral properties, plant and equipment. Assessment for
impairment is conducted before reclassification.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
90
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
p) Deferred stripping costs
In open pit mining operations, it is necessary to remove overburden and other waste in order to access the ore
body. During the preproduction phase, these costs are capitalized as part of the cost of the mine property and
subsequently amortized over the life of the mine (or pit) on a units of production basis.
The costs of removal of the waste material during a mine’s production phase are deferred where they give rise
to future benefits. These capitalized costs are subsequently amortized on a unit of production basis over the
reserves that directly benefit from the specific stripping activity.
q) Asset impairment
Management reviews and evaluates its assets for impairment, or reversals of impairment, when events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable or when there is an indication
that impairment may have reversed. Impairment is normally assessed at the level of cash-generating units which
are identified as the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent
of the cash inflows from other assets. In addition, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of carrying
amount over the fair value less costs to sell ("FVLCTS") of a non-current asset or disposal group held for sale.
When an impairment review is undertaken, recoverable amount is assessed by reference to the higher of value
in use (being the net present value of expected future cash flows of the relevant CGU) and FVLCTS. The best
evidence of FVLCTS is the value obtained from an active market or binding sale agreement. Where neither exists,
FVLCTS is based on the best information available to reflect the amount the Company could receive for the CGU
in an arm’s length transaction. This is often estimated using discounted cash flow techniques.
Where the recoverable amount is assessed using discounted cash flow techniques, the resulting estimates are
based on detailed mine and/or production plans. For value in use, recent cost levels are considered, together
with expected changes in costs that are compatible with the current condition of the business and which meet
the requirements of IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets.” The cash flow forecasts are based on best estimates of expected
future revenues and costs, including the future cash costs of production, capital expenditure, close down,
restoration and environmental clean-up. These may include net cash flows expected to be realized from extraction,
processing and sale of mineral resources that do not currently qualify for inclusion in proven or probable ore
reserves. Such non-reserve material is included where there is a high degree of confidence in its economic
extraction. This expectation is usually based on preliminary drilling and sampling of areas of mineralization that
are contiguous with existing reserves. Typically, the additional evaluation to achieve reserve status for such
material has not yet been done because this would involve incurring costs earlier than is required for the efficient
planning and operation of the mine.
Where the recoverable amount of a CGU is dependent on the life of its associated ore, expected future cash flows
reflect long term mine plans, which are based on detailed research, analysis and iterative modeling to optimize
the level of return from investment, output and sequence of extraction. The mine plan takes account of all relevant
characteristics of the ore, including waste to ore ratios, ore grades, haul distances, chemical and metallurgical
properties of the ore affecting process recoveries and capacities of processing equipment that can be used. The
mine plan is therefore the basis for forecasting production output in each future year and for forecasting
production costs.
The Company’s cash flow forecasts are based on estimates of future commodity prices, which assume market
prices will revert to the Company’s assessment of the long-term average price, generally over a period of three
to five years. These assessments often differ from current price levels and are updated periodically.
The discount rates applied to the future cash flow forecasts represent an estimate of the rate the market would
apply having regard to the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the future cash flow
estimates have not been adjusted, including appropriate adjustments for the risk profile of the countries in which
the individual CGU operate. The great majority of the Company’s sales are based on prices denominated in USD.
To the extent that the currencies of countries in which the Company produces commodities strengthen against
the USD without commodity price offset, cash flows and, therefore, net present values are reduced. Non-financial
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
91
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
assets other than goodwill that have suffered impairment are tested for possible reversal of the impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the impairment may have reversed.
r) Closure and decommissioning costs
The mining, extraction and processing activities of the Company normally give rise to obligations for site closure
or rehabilitation. Closure and decommissioning works can include facility decommissioning and dismantling;
removal or treatment of waste materials; site and land rehabilitation. The extent of work required and the
associated costs are dependent on the requirements of relevant authorities and the Company’s environmental
policies. Provisions for the cost of each closure and rehabilitation program are recognized at the time that
environmental disturbance occurs. When the extent of disturbance increases over the life of an operation, the
provision is increased accordingly. Costs included in the provision encompass all closure and decommissioning
activity expected to occur progressively over the life of the operation and at the time of closure in connection
with disturbances at the reporting date. Routine operating costs that may impact the ultimate closure and
decommissioning activities, such as waste material handling conducted as an integral part of a mining or
production process, are not included in the provision. Costs arising from unforeseen circumstances, such as the
contamination caused by unplanned discharges, are recognized as an expense and liability when the event gives
rise to an obligation which is probable and capable of reliable estimation. The timing of the actual closure and
decommissioning expenditure is dependent upon a number of factors such as the life and nature of the asset,
the operating license conditions, and the environment in which the mine operates. Expenditures may occur before
and after closure and can continue for an extended period of time dependent on closure and decommissioning
requirements. Closure and decommissioning provisions are measured at the expected value of future cash flows,
discounted to their present value and determined according to the probability of alternative estimates of cash
flows occurring for each operation. Discount rates used are specific to the underlying obligation. Significant
judgements and estimates are involved in forming expectations of future activities and the amount and timing
of the associated cash flows. Those expectations are formed based on existing environmental and regulatory
requirements which give rise to a constructive or legal obligation.
When provisions for closure and decommissioning are initially recognized, the corresponding cost is capitalized
as a component of the cost of the related asset, representing part of the cost of acquiring the future economic
benefits of the operation. The capitalized cost of closure and decommissioning activities is recognized in Property,
plant and equipment and depreciated accordingly. The value of the provision is progressively increased over time
as the effect of discounting unwinds, creating an expense recognized in finance expenses. Closure and
decommissioning provisions are also adjusted for changes in estimates. Those adjustments are accounted for as
a change in the corresponding capitalized cost, except where a reduction in the provision is greater than the un-
depreciated capitalized cost of the related assets, in which case the capitalized cost is reduced to nil and the
remaining adjustment is recognized in the income statement. In the case of closed sites, changes to estimated
costs are recognized immediately in the income statement. Changes to the capitalized cost result in an adjustment
to future depreciation and finance charges. Adjustments to the estimated amount and timing of future closure
and decommissioning cash flows are a normal occurrence in light of the significant judgements and estimates
involved.
The provision is reviewed at the end of each reporting period for changes to obligations, legislation or discount
rates that impact estimated costs or lives of operations and adjusted to reflect current best estimate. The cost of
the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision resulting from changes in the estimated cash flows or
discount rate and the adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively.
s) Foreign currency translation
The Company’s functional currency and that of its subsidiaries is the USD as this is the principal currency of the
economic environments in which they operate. Transaction amounts denominated in foreign currencies
(currencies other than USD) are translated into USD at exchange rates prevailing at the transaction dates. Carrying
values of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are re-translated at each statement of financial position
date to reflect the U.S. exchange rate prevailing at that date.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
92
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Gains and losses arising from translation of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at each period end
are included in earnings except for differences arising on decommissioning provisions which are capitalized for
operating mines.
t) Share-based payments
The Company makes share-based awards, including restricted share units ("RSUs), performance share units
("PSUs"), shares and options, to certain employees.
For equity-settled awards, the fair value is charged to the income statement and credited to equity, on a straight-
line basis over the vesting period, after adjusting for the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest.
The fair value of the equity-settled awards is determined at the date of grant. Non-vesting conditions and market
conditions, such as target share price upon which vesting is conditioned, are factored into the determination of
fair value at the date of grant. All other vesting conditions are excluded from the determination of fair value and
included in management’s estimate of the number of awards ultimately expected to vest.
The fair value is determined by using option pricing models. At each statement of financial position date prior to
vesting, the cumulative expense representing the extent to which the vesting period has expired and
management’s best estimate of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest is computed (after adjusting for
non-market performance conditions). The movement in cumulative expense is recognized in the income
statement with a corresponding entry within equity. No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately
vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market condition, which are treated as vested
irrespective of whether or not the market condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance conditions
are satisfied.
Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, as a minimum an expense is recognized as if the terms
had not been modified over the original vesting period. In addition, an expense is recognized for any modification,
which increases the total fair value of the share-based payment arrangement, or is otherwise beneficial to the
employee as measured at the date of modification, over the remainder of the new vesting period.
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation, and any
expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately. Any compensation paid up to the fair value
of the awards at the cancellation or settlement date is deducted from equity, with any excess over fair value being
treated as an expense in the income statement. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award,
and designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the new awards are treated as if they are
a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
u) Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains a lease is based in the substance of the arrangement
at the inception date, including whether the fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific
asset or assets or whether the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset. A reassessment after inception is
only made in specific circumstances.
Assets held under finance leases, where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset have
passed to the Company, are capitalized in the statement of financial position at the lower of the fair value of the
leased property or the present value of the minimum lease payments during the lease term calculated using the
interest rate implicit in the lease agreement. These amounts are determined at the inception of the lease and
are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the lease term. The capital elements of future
obligations under leases and hire purchase contracts are included as liabilities in the statement of financial
position. The interest elements of the lease or hire purchase obligations are charged to the income statement
over the periods of the leases and hire purchase contracts and represent a constant proportion of the balance
of capital repayments outstanding.
Leases where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership have not passed to the Company are classified
as operating leases. Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to the income statement on a straight-
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
93
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
line basis over the lease term. The Company will apply the new lease accounting standard, IFRS 16 - Leases ("IFRS
16"), on its effective date of January 1, 2019 (Note 4).
v) Income taxes
Taxation on the earnings or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Taxation is recognized in the
income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or
directly in equity, in which case the tax is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity.
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year using rates enacted or substantively
enacted at the year end, and includes any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.
Deferred tax is provided using the statement of financial position liability method, providing for the tax effect of
temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and
the amounts used for tax assessment or deduction purposes. Where an asset has no deductible or depreciable
amount for income tax purposes, but has a deductible amount on sale or abandonment for capital gains tax
purposes, that amount is included in the determination of temporary differences.
The tax effect of certain temporary differences is not recognized, principally with respect to goodwill; temporary
differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities (other than those arising in a business
combination or in a manner that initially impacted accounting or taxable earnings); and temporary differences
relating to investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates to the extent that the Company
is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and the temporary difference is not expected to reverse
in the foreseeable future. The amount of deferred tax recognized is based on the expected manner and timing
of realization or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, with the exception of items that have
a tax base solely derived under capital gains tax legislation, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at
period end. To the extent that an item’s tax base is solely derived from the amount deductible under capital gains
tax legislation, deferred tax is determined as if such amounts are deductible in determining future assessable
income.
The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each statement of financial position date and
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable earnings will be available to allow all or
part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized. To the extent that an asset not previously recognized fulfils
the criteria for recognition, a deferred income tax asset is recorded.
Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in
which the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively
enacted at the statement of financial position date.
Current and deferred taxes relating to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity are
recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in the income statement. Mining taxes and royalties
are treated and disclosed as current and deferred taxes if they have the characteristics of an income tax.
Judgements are required about the application of income tax legislation. These judgements and assumptions are
subject to risk and uncertainty, hence there is a possibility that changes in circumstances will alter expectations,
which may impact the amount of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities recognized on the statement of
financial position and the amount of other tax losses and temporary differences not yet recognized. In such
circumstances, some or the entire carrying amount of recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities may require
adjustment, resulting in a corresponding credit or charge to the income statement.
Deferred tax assets, including those arising from tax losses, capital losses and temporary differences, are
recognized only where it is probable that taxable earnings will be available against which the losses or deductible
temporary differences can be utilized. Assumptions about the generation of future taxable earnings and
repatriation of retained earnings depend on management’s estimates of future cash flows. These depend on
estimates of future production and sales volumes, commodity prices, reserves, operating costs, closure and
decommissioning costs, capital expenditures, dividends and other capital management transactions.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
94
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
w) Earnings (loss) per share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing earnings attributable to ordinary equity holders of the
parent entity by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.
The diluted earnings per share calculation is based on the earnings attributable to ordinary equity holders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding after adjusting for the effects of all potential ordinary shares.
This method requires that the number of shares used in the calculation be the weighted average number of shares
that would be issued on the conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares. This
method assumes that the potential ordinary shares converted into ordinary shares at the beginning of the period
(or at the time of issuance, if not in existence at beginning of the period). The number of dilutive potential ordinary
shares is determined independently for each period presented.
For convertible securities that may be settled in cash or shares at the holder’s option, returns to preference
shareholders and income charges are added back to net earnings used for basic EPS and the maximum number
of ordinary shares that could be issued on conversion is used in computing diluted earnings per share.
x) Borrowing costs and upfront costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets
are capitalized. Qualifying assets are assets that require a substantial amount of time to prepare for their intended
use, including mineral properties in the evaluation stage where there is a high likelihood of commercial
exploitation. Qualifying assets also include significant expansion projects at the operating mines. Borrowing costs
are considered an element of the historical cost of the qualifying asset. Capitalization ceases when the asset is
substantially complete or if construction is interrupted for an extended period. Where the funds used to finance
a qualifying asset form part of general borrowings, the amount capitalized is calculated using a weighted average
of rates applicable to the relevant borrowings during the period. Where funds borrowed are directly attributable
to a qualifying asset, the amount capitalized represents the borrowing costs specific to those borrowings. Where
surplus funds available out of money borrowed specifically to finance a project are temporarily invested, the total
borrowing cost is reduced by income generated from short-term investments of such funds.
Upfront costs incurred in connection with entering new credit facilities are recorded as Other assets and are
amortized over the life of the respective credit facilities.
4. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
New and amended IFRS standards that are effective for the current year
Financial Instruments
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted, retrospectively without restatement, IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments ("IFRS
9") which replaced IAS 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”). IFRS 9 provides a revised
model for recognition and measurement of financial instruments with a single, forward-looking 'expected loss'
impairment model and significant changes to hedge accounting. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning
on or after January 1, 2018. There was no impact from IFRS 9 on the Company's classification and measurement of
financial assets and liabilities except for equity securities as described below.
Under IFRS 9, subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are classified and measured at either: amortized cost,
FVTOCI or at FVTPL. The approach in IFRS 9 is based on how an entity manages its financial instruments in the context
of its business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets.
IFRS 9 introduced a single expected credit loss impairment model for financial assets measured at amortized cost and
for debt instruments at FVTOCI, which is based on changes in credit quality since initial recognition. The adoption of
the expected credit loss impairment model did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
95
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
IFRS 9 changed the requirements for hedge effectiveness and consequently for the application of hedge accounting
which did not impact the Company. As the Company does not apply hedge accounting, either under IAS 39 or IFRS
9, the adoption of IFRS 9 with regards to hedge accounting did not impact the Company or its accounting policies.
The Company has not restated comparative 2017 information for financial instruments in the scope of IFRS 9.
Therefore, the comparative 2017 information is reported under IAS 39 and is not comparable to the information
presented for 2018. Differences arising from the adoption of IFRS 9 have been recognized directly in retained earnings
as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of IFRS 9 did not result in a change in carrying value of any of our financial
instruments on the transition date. The main area of change was the accounting for equity securities previously
classified as available for sale.
In accordance with IFRS 9 guidance, investments in equity securities that are neither subsidiaries nor associates
(“equity securities”) are categorized as FVTPL unless they are designated as FVTOCI. Further, investments in equity
securities, previously classified as available for sale, are now classified at FVTPL. As of January 1, 2018 equity securities
are measured at FVTPL, prior to this and under IAS 39 these assets were initially recorded at fair value with subsequent
measurements recorded at FVTOCI. The Company continued to designate its short term investments other than equity
securities as financial assets at FVTOCI. This change in measurement classification resulted in an adjustment to
opening retained earnings on January 1, 2018 for the historical unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s existing
equity securities investments. The adjustment was $1.6 million with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated
other comprehensive income.
The Company's financial instrument policy in accordance with IFRS 9 is disclosed in Note 3(g).
Revenue Recognition
The Company adopted IFRS 15 which replaced IAS 11 - Construction Contracts; IAS 18 - Revenue, and other revenue
interpretations.
IFRS 15 requires either a full retrospective application, whereby comparative information is restated in accordance
with IFRS 15, or a modified retrospective application, whereby the cumulative impact of adoption is recognized in
opening retained earnings, as of January 1, 2018, and comparative period balances are not restated. The Company
elected to apply the modified retrospective approach, though the new standard had no cumulative impact as at
January 1, 2018.
IFRS 15 establishes a single five-step model framework for determining the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty
of revenue and cash flows arising from a contract with a customer, and introduces a revenue recognition model under
which an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount
that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This
new framework did not result in a change in the way the Company recognizes or measures revenue but additional
disclosures have been presented in Note 3(f) as a result of adopting IFRS 15. Further, the standard introduces the
concept of performance obligations that are defined as ‘distinct’ promised goods or services, and requires entities to
apportion revenue earned to the distinct performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The
Company may from time to time enter into concentrate contracts where the Company is responsible for shipping and
insurance costs necessary to bring the goods to a named destination after the date on which control of the goods is
transferred to the customer. Accordingly, under IFRS 15, a portion of the revenue earned under such contracts,
representing the obligation to fulfill the shipping and insurance services, will be deferred and recognized over the
time the obligations are fulfilled. There were no such contracts in 2017, nor in 2018.
The Company's revenue recognition policy in accordance with IFRS 15 is disclosed in Note 3(f).
Other Narrow Scope Amendments
The Company has adopted IFRIC interpretation 22 - Foreign Currency Transactions and Advanced Consideration, and
narrow scope amendments to IFRS 2 - Share-based Payment, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
96
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
New and amended IFRS standards not yet effective
The Company has not early adopted any amendment, standard or interpretation that has been issued by the IASB
but is not yet effective.
Leases
In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 which replaces IAS 17 - Leases and its associated interpretative guidance,
including IFRIC 4 and SIC 15. IFRS 16 applies a control model to the identification of leases, distinguishing between a
lease and a non-lease component on the basis of whether the customer controls the specific asset. For those contracts
that are or contain a lease, IFRS 16 introduces significant changes for lessees to the accounting for contracts that are
or contain a lease, introducing a single, on-balance sheet accounting model that is similar to current finance lease
accounting, with limited exceptions for short-term leases less than 12 months in duration or leases of low value assets.
Lessor accounting remains similar to current accounting practice. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning
on or after January 1, 2019, with early application permitted for entities that apply IFRS 15.
The Company plans to apply IFRS 16 at the date it becomes effective and has selected the modified retrospective
transition approach, which does not require restatement of comparative periods; instead, the cumulative impact of
applying IFRS 16 will be accounted for as an adjustment to equity at the start of the accounting period in which it is
first applied. The Company does not intend to bring short-term leases (contracts with terms that end within 12 months
of the mandatory transition date) or low value leases on balance sheet. Costs for these items will continue to be
expensed directly to the Consolidated Income Statements.
The Company is close to finalizing its implementation project. It is expected that the Company will record a material
balance of lease assets and associated lease liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at January
1, 2019. IFRS 16 will further result in increased depreciation and amortization on these lease assets and increased
interest on these additional lease liabilities. These lease payments will be recorded as financing outflows in the
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Uncertainty Over Income Tax Treatments
IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments ("IFRIC 23") provides guidance regarding the application of the
IAS 12 Income Taxes recognition and measurement requirements where there is uncertainty surrounding income
tax treatment of a tax position. To apply IFRIC 23, the Company must determine whether it is probable that the
relevant tax authorities will accept an uncertain tax treatment used, or proposed to be used, in its income tax
filings. If it determined that the tax authorities will accept the tax treatment, the Company should account for the
impact consistent with that tax treatment. If it is determined that the tax authorities are not likely to accept the tax
treatment, the Company should account for the impact of the uncertainty in the period in which this
determination is made. IFRIC 23 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 and can be
applied with either full retrospective application or modified retrospective application without restatement of
comparatives retrospectively or prospectively. The Company does not expect the application of IFRIC 23 will have a
significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Annual Improvements 2015-2017 Cycle
In December 2017, the IASB issued the Annual Improvements 2015-2017 cycle, containing amendments to IFRS 3 -
Business Combinations ("IFRS 3"), IFRS 11 - Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 - Income Taxes and IAS 23 - Borrowing Costs.
These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 and are not expected to
have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
97
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
5. SIGNIFICANT JUDGEMENTS IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Judgements that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements are as follows:
a) Capitalization of evaluation costs
The Company has determined that evaluation costs capitalized during the year relating to the operating mines
and certain other exploration interests have potential future economic benefits and are potentially economically
recoverable, subject to the impairment analysis as discussed in Note 12. In making this judgement, the Company
has assessed various sources of information including but not limited to the geologic and metallurgic information,
history of conversion of mineral deposits to proven and probable mineral reserves, scoping and feasibility studies,
proximity to existing ore bodies, operating management expertise and required environmental, operating and
other permits.
b) Commencement of commercial production
During the determination of whether a mine has reached an operating level that is consistent with the use intended
by management, costs incurred are capitalized as mineral property, plant and equipment and any consideration
from commissioning sales are offset against costs capitalized. The Company defines commencement of
commercial production as the date that a mine has achieved a sustainable level of production based on a
percentage of design capacity along with various qualitative factors including but not limited to the achievement
of mechanical completion, continuous nominated level of production, the working effectiveness of the plant and
equipment at or near expected levels and whether there is a sustainable level of production input available
including power, water and diesel.
c) Assets’ carrying values and impairment charges
In determining carrying values and impairment charges the Company looks at recoverable amounts, defined as
the higher of value in use or FVLCTS in the case of non-financial assets, and at objective evidence that identifies
significant or prolonged decline of fair value on financial assets classified as available-for-sale indicating
impairment. These determinations and their individual assumptions require that management make a decision
based on the best available information at each reporting period.
d) Functional currency
The functional currency for the Company and its subsidiaries is the currency of the primary economic environment
in which each operates. The Company has determined that its functional currency and that of its subsidiaries is
the USD. The determination of functional currency may require certain judgements to determine the primary
economic environment. The Company reconsiders the functional currency used when there is a change in events
and conditions which determined the primary economic environment.
e) Business combinations
Determination of whether a set of assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business may require the
Company to make certain judgments, taking into account all facts and circumstances. A business consists of inputs,
including non-current assets and processes, including operational processes, that when applied to those inputs
have the ability to create outputs that provide a return to the Company and its shareholders.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
98
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
f) Determination of control of subsidiaries and joint arrangements
Determination of whether the Company has control of subsidiaries or joint control of joint arrangements requires
an assessment of the activities of the investee that significantly affect the investee's returns, including strategic,
operational and financing decision-making, appointment, remuneration and termination of the key management
personnel and when decisions related to those activities are under the control of the Company or require
unanimous consent from the investors. Based on assessment of the relevant facts and circumstances, primarily,
the Company's limited board representation and restricted influence over operating, strategic and financing
decisions, the Company concluded that it does not control Maverix and as a result classified it as an investment
in associate subject to significant influence (Note 13).
g) Deferral of stripping costs
In determining whether stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a mining property relate to mineral
reserves that will be mined in a future period and therefore should be capitalized, the Company treats the costs
of removal of the waste material during a mine’s production phase as deferred, where it gives rise to future
benefits. These capitalized costs are subsequently amortized on a unit of production basis over the reserves that
directly benefit from the specific stripping activity. As at December 31, 2018, the carrying amount of stripping
costs capitalized was $57.0 million comprised entirely of Dolores (December 31, 2017 - $47.7 million was
capitalized comprised entirely of Dolores).
h) Replacement convertible debenture
As part of the 2009 Aquiline transaction, the Company issued a replacement convertible debenture that allowed
the holder to convert the debenture into either 363,854 Pan American shares ("Common Shares") or a silver
stream contract with Aquiline Resources Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The holder subsequently
selected the silver stream contract related to certain production from the Navidad project. The silver stream
contract is classified and accounted for as a deferred credit. In determining the appropriate classification of the
silver stream contract as a deferred credit, the Company evaluated the economics underlying the contract as of
the date the Company assumed the obligation. As at December 31, 2018, the carrying amount of the deferred
credit arising from the Aquiline acquisition was $20.8 million (2017 - $20.8 million).
6. KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY IN THE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING
POLICIES
Key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities are:
• Revenue recognition: Revenue from the sale of concentrate to independent smelters is recognized when control
of the asset sold is transferred to the customer. The Company's concentrate sales contracts with third-party
buyers, in general, provide for a provisional payment based upon provisional assays and quoted metal prices.
Final settlement is based on applicable commodity prices set on specified quotational periods, typically ranging
from one month prior to shipment, and can extend to three months after the shipment arrives at the smelter
and is based on average market metal prices. Sales revenue is commonly subject to adjustments based on an
inspection of the product by the customer. In such cases, sales revenue is initially recognized on a provisional
basis using the Company’s best estimate of contained metal, and adjusted subsequently. Revenues are recorded
under these contracts at the time control passes to the buyer based on the expected settlement period. Revenue
on provisionally priced sales is recognized based on estimates of the fair value of the consideration receivable
based on forward market prices and estimated quantities. At each reporting date provisionally priced metal is
marked to market based on the forward selling price for the quotational period stipulated in the contract.
Variations between the price recorded at the date when control is transferred to the buyer and the actual final
price set under the smelting contracts are caused by changes in metal prices resulting in the receivable being
recorded at FVTPL. In a period of high price volatility, as experienced under current economic conditions, the
effect of mark-to-market price adjustments related to the quantity of metal which remains to be settled with
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
99
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
independent smelters could be significant. For changes in metal quantities upon receipt of new information and
assay, the provisional sales quantities are adjusted.
• Estimated recoverable ounces: The carrying amounts of the Company’s mining properties are depleted based on
recoverable ounces. Changes to estimates of recoverable ounces and depletable costs including changes resulting
from revisions to the Company’s mine plans and changes in metal price forecasts can result in a change to future
depletion rates.
• Mineral reserve estimates: The figures for mineral reserves and mineral resources are disclosed in accordance
with National Instrument 43 -101, “Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects”, issued by the Canadian Securities
Administrators and in accordance with “Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Best Practice
Guidelines – adopted November 23, 2003”, prepared by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and
Petroleum ("CIM") Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in
estimating mineral reserves and mineral resources, including many factors beyond the Company’s control. Such
estimation is a subjective process, and the accuracy of any mineral reserve or mineral resource estimate is a
function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used in
engineering and geological interpretation. Differences between management’s assumptions including economic
assumptions such as metal prices and market conditions could have a material effect in the future on the
Company’s financial position and results of operation.
• Valuation of Inventory: In determining mine production costs recognized in the consolidated income statement,
the Company makes estimates of quantities of ore stacked in stockpiles, placed on the heap leach pad and in
process and the recoverable silver in this material to determine the average costs of finished goods sold during
the period. Changes in these estimates can result in a change in mine operating costs of future periods and carrying
amounts of inventories. Refer to Note 10 for details.
• Depreciation and amortization rates for mineral properties, plant and equipment and mineral interests:
Depreciation and amortization expenses are allocated based on assumed asset lives and depreciation and
amortization rates. Should the asset life or depreciation rate differ from the initial estimate, an adjustment would
be made in the consolidated income statement prospectively. A change in the mineral reserve estimate for assets
depreciated using the units of production method would impact depreciation expense prospectively.
•
Impairment, or impairment reversal, of mining interests: While assessing whether any indications of impairment,
or impairment reversal, exist for mining interests, consideration is given to both external and internal sources of
information. Information the Company considers include changes in the market, economic and legal environment
in which the Company operates that are not within its control that affect the recoverable amount of mining
interests. Internal sources of information include the manner in which mineral property, plant and equipment
are being used or are expected to be used and indications of the economic performance of the assets. Estimates
include but are not limited to estimates of the discounted future after-tax cash flows expected to be derived from
the Company’s mining properties, costs to sell the mining properties and the appropriate discount rate. Changes
in metal price forecasts, increases or decreases in estimated future costs of production, increases or decreases
in estimated future capital costs, reductions or increases in the amount of recoverable mineral reserves and
mineral resources and/or adverse or favorable current economics can result in a write-down or write-up of the
carrying amounts of the Company’s mining interests. Impairments and impairment reversals of mining interests
are discussed in Note 12.
• Estimation of decommissioning and reclamation costs and the timing of expenditures: The cost estimates are
updated annually during the life of a mine to reflect known developments, (e.g. revisions to cost estimates and
to the estimated lives of operations), and are subject to review at regular intervals. Decommissioning, restoration
and similar liabilities are estimated based on the Company’s interpretation of current regulatory requirements,
constructive obligations and are measured at the best estimate of expenditures required to settle the present
obligation of decommissioning, restoration or similar liabilities that may occur upon decommissioning of the mine
at the end of its productive life. The carrying amount is determined based on the net present value of estimated
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
100
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
future cash expenditures for the settlement of decommissioning, restoration or similar liabilities that may occur
upon decommissioning of the mine. Such estimates are subject to change based on changes in laws and regulations
and negotiations with regulatory authorities. Refer to Note 17 for details on decommissioning and restoration
costs.
•
Income taxes and recoverability of deferred tax assets: In assessing the probability of realizing income tax assets
recognized, the Company makes estimates related to expectations of future taxable income, applicable tax
planning opportunities, expected timing of reversals of existing temporary differences and the likelihood that tax
positions taken will be sustained upon examination by applicable tax authorities. In making its assessments, the
Company gives additional weight to positive and negative evidence that can be objectively verified. Estimates of
future taxable income are based on forecasted cash flows from operations and the application of existing tax laws
in each jurisdiction. The Company considers relevant tax planning opportunities that are within the Company’s
control, are feasible and within management’s ability to implement. Examination by applicable tax authorities is
supported based on individual facts and circumstances of the relevant tax position examined in light of all available
evidence. Where applicable tax laws and regulations are either unclear or subject to ongoing varying
interpretations, it is reasonably possible that changes in these estimates can occur that materially affect the
amounts of income tax assets recognized. Also, future changes in tax laws could limit the Company from realizing
the tax benefits from the deferred tax assets. The Company reassesses unrecognized income tax assets at each
reporting period.
• Accounting for acquisitions: The provisional fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the resulting
goodwill, if any, requires that management make certain judgments and estimates taking into account information
available at the time of acquisition about future events, including, but not restricted to, estimates of mineral
reserves and resources acquired, exploration potential, future operating costs and capital expenditures, future
metal prices, long-term foreign exchange rates and discount rates. Changes to the provisional values of assets
acquired and liabilities assumed, deferred income taxes and resulting goodwill, if any, are retrospectively adjusted
when the final measurements are determined if related to conditions existing at the date of acquisition (within
one year of the acquisition date).
• Provisions and contingencies: Due to the size, complexity and nature of the Company’s operations, various legal
and tax matters are outstanding from time to time. In the event the Company’s estimates of the future resolution
of these matters change, the Company will recognize the effects of the changes in its consolidated financial
statements on the date such changes occur. Refer to Note 29 for further discussion on contingencies.
7. MANAGEMENT OF CAPITAL
The Company’s objective when managing its capital is to maintain its ability to continue as a going concern while at
the same time maximizing the growth of its business and providing returns to its shareholders. The Company’s capital
structure consists of shareholders’ equity (comprising issued capital plus share option reserve plus deficit, plus
investment revaluation reserve) with a balance of $1.5 billion as at December 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 - $1.5
billion). The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments based on changes to its economic
environment and the risk characteristics of the Company’s assets. The Company’s capital requirements are effectively
managed based on the Company having a thorough reporting, planning and forecasting process to help identify the
funds required to ensure the Company is able to meet its operating and growth objectives.
The Company is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements and the Company’s overall strategy with
respect to capital risk management remains unchanged from the year ended December 31, 2017.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
101
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
8. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
a) Financial assets and liabilities by categories
December 31, 2018 (1)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade receivables from provisional concentrates sales(2)
Receivable not arising from sale of metal concentrates(2)
Short-term investments, equity securities
Short-term investments, other than equity securities
Derivative financial assets
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative financial liabilities
Amortized
cost
FVTPL
FVTOCI
Total
$
$
$
$
138,510
—
40,918
—
—
—
179,428
$
$
— $
— $
— $
40,803
—
19,178
—
640
60,621
51
51
$
$
$
— $
—
—
—
54,826
—
54,826
$
138,510
40,803
40,918
19,178
54,826
640
294,875
— $
— $
51
51
(1)
(2)
Financial assets and liabilities by categories presented in accordance with IFRS 9 (see Note 4)
Included in Trade and other receivables.
December 31, 2017 (1)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade receivables from provisional concentrates sales(2)
Receivable not arising from sale of metal concentrates(2)
Short-term investments, equity securities
Short-term investments, other than equity securities
Derivative financial assets
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative financial liabilities
Loans and
receivables
FVTPL
Available for
sale
Total
$
$
$
$
175,953
—
43,467
—
—
—
219,420
$
$
— $
— $
— $
51,952
—
—
—
1,092
53,044
1,906
1,906
$
$
$
— $
—
—
22,971
28,619
—
51,590
$
175,953
51,952
43,467
22,971
28,619
1,092
324,054
— $
— $
1,906
1,906
(1)
(2)
Financial assets and liabilities by categories presented in accordance with IAS 39.
Included in Trade and other receivables.
b) Short-term investments in equity securities recorded at FVTPL
The Company’s short-term investments in equity securities are recorded at FVTPL for the year ended December 31,
2018 but were recorded at FVTOCI for the year ended December 31, 2017. Net losses on short-term investments
recorded at FVTPL were as follows:
Unrealized net losses on short-term investments, equity securities
Realized net losses on short-term investments, equity securities
(1)
(1)
2018
(3,298) $
(49)
(3,347) $
$
$
2017
—
—
—
(1)
Short-term investments in equity securities, previously classified as available for sale with fair value changes recorded through other comprehensive income, as of January 1,
2018, have been reclassified and measured as FVTPL.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
102
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
c) Financial assets recorded at FVTOCI
The Company’s short-term investments other than equity securities are recorded at FVTOCI. The unrealized (losses)
gains from short-term investments other than equity securities for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were
as follows:
Unrealized net gains on short-term investments, other than equity securities
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses on short-term investments, other than equity
securities
2018
993
$
(788)
205
$
2017
810
361
1,171
$
$
d) Derivative instruments
The Company's derivative financial instruments are comprised of foreign currency and commodity contracts. The
net gains (losses) on derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were comprised of the following:
Gains on foreign currency and commodity contracts:
Realized gains (losses) on foreign currency and commodity contracts
Unrealized gains on foreign currency and commodity contracts
(Loss) gain on derivatives:
(Loss) gain on warrants
e) Fair value information
i)
Fair Value Measurement
2018
2017
$
$
$
$
2,449
2,481
4,930
$
$
(1,078) $
(1,078) $
(304)
910
606
64
64
The categories of the fair value hierarchy that reflect the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value
are as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either
directly or indirectly; and
Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability based on unobservable market data
The levels in the fair value hierarchy into which the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured and
recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value on a recurring basis were categorized
as follows:
Assets and Liabilities:
Short-term investments
Trade receivables from provisional concentrate sales
Derivative financial assets
Derivative financial liabilities
At December 31, 2018
Level 2
Level 1
At December 31, 2017
Level 2
Level 1
$
$
74,004
—
—
—
74,004
$
$
— $
40,803
640
(51)
41,392
$
51,590
—
—
—
51,590
$
$
—
51,952
1,092
(1,906)
51,138
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended December 31, 2018. The methodology
and assessment of inputs for determining the fair value of financial assets and liabilities as well as the levels of
hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value remains unchanged from that at
December 31, 2017.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
103
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
ii)
Valuation Techniques
Short-term investments and other investments
The Company’s short-term investments and other investments are valued using quoted market prices in active
markets and as such are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are primarily money market securities
and U.S. Treasury securities. The fair value of the investment securities is calculated as the quoted market price of
the investment and in the case of equity securities, the quoted market price multiplied by the quantity of shares
held by the Company.
Derivative assets and liabilities
The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities were comprised of investments in warrants, commodity swaps and
foreign currency contracts. The fair value of the warrants is calculated using an option pricing model which utilizes
a combination of quoted prices and market-derived inputs. The Company's commodity swaps and foreign currency
contracts are valued using observable market prices. Derivative instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair
value hierarchy.
Receivables from Provisional Concentrate Sales
A portion of the Company’s trade receivables arose from provisional concentrate sales and are valued using quoted
market prices based on the forward London Metal Exchange for copper, zinc and lead and the London Bullion Market
Association P.M. fix for gold and silver.
f) Financial Instruments and related risks
The Company has exposure to risks of varying degrees of significance which could affect its ability to achieve its
strategic objectives for growth and shareholder returns. The principle financial risks to which the Company is exposed
are:
i) Credit risk
ii) Liquidity risk
iii) Market risk
1. Currency risk
2. Interest rate risk
3. Price risk
The Company’s Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s
risk management framework and reviews the Company’s policies on an ongoing basis.
i)
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails
to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Company’s trade receivables. The carrying value
of trade receivables represents the maximum credit exposure.
The Company has long-term concentrate contracts to sell the zinc, lead and copper concentrates produced by the
Huaron, Morococha, San Vicente and La Colorada mines. Concentrate contracts are common business practice in
the mining industry. The terms of the concentrate contracts may require the Company to deliver concentrate that
has a value greater than the payment received at the time of delivery, thereby introducing the Company to credit
risk of the buyers of concentrates. Should any of these counterparties not honour supply arrangements, or should
any of them become insolvent, the Company may incur losses for products already shipped and be forced to sell
its concentrates on the spot market or it may not have a market for its concentrates and therefore its future operating
results may be materially adversely impacted. At December 31, 2018, the Company had receivable balances
associated with buyers of its concentrates of $40.8 million (2017 - $52.0 million). The vast majority of the Company’s
concentrate is sold to six well-known concentrate buyers.
Silver doré production from La Colorada, Dolores and Manantial Espejo is refined under long term agreements with
fixed refining terms at three separate refineries worldwide. The Company generally retains the risk and title to the
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
104
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
precious metals throughout the process of refining and therefore is exposed to the risk that the refineries will not
be able to perform in accordance with the refining contract and that the Company may not be able to fully recover
precious metals in such circumstances. At December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $19.7 million (2017
- $21.9 million) of value contained in precious metal inventory at refineries. The Company maintains insurance
coverage against the loss of precious metals at the Company’s mine sites, in-transit to refineries and whilst at the
refineries.
The Company maintains trading facilities with several banks and bullion dealers for the purposes of transacting the
Company’s trading activities. None of these facilities are subject to margin arrangements. The Company’s trading
activities can expose the Company to the credit risk of its counterparties to the extent that the trading positions
have a positive mark-to-market value. However, the Company minimizes this risk by ensuring there is no excessive
concentration of credit risk with any single counterparty, by active credit management and monitoring.
Refined silver and gold is sold in the spot market to various bullion traders and banks. Credit risk may arise from
these activities if the Company is not paid for metal at the time it is delivered, as required by spot sale contracts.
Supplier advances for products and services yet to be provided are a common practice in some jurisdictions in which
the Company operates. These advances represent a credit risk to the Company to the extent that suppliers do not
deliver products or perform services as expected. As at December 31, 2018, the Company had made $14.4 million
(2017 - $14.3 million) of supplier advances, which are reflected in “Trade and other receivables” on the Company’s
consolidated statement of financial position.
Management constantly monitors and assesses the credit risk resulting from its refining arrangements, concentrate
sales and commodity contracts with its refiners, trading counterparties and customers. Furthermore, management
carefully considers credit risk when allocating prospective sales and refining business to counterparties. In making
allocation decisions, management attempts to avoid unacceptable concentration of credit risk to any single
counterparty.
At December 31, 2018, the Company has recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts provision in the amount of
$7.6 million (2017 – $7.6 million) which relates to amounts owing from Doe Run Peru (“DRP”), one of the buyers
of concentrates from the Company’s Peruvian operations, for deliveries of concentrates that occurred in early 2009.
The Company will continue to pursue every possible avenue to recover the amounts owed by DRP. At December 31,
2018, the Company recorded an additional allowance for doubtful accounts provision in the amount of $4.7 million
(2017 - $nil) which relates to amounts owning from Republic Metals, one of the buyers of doré, for deliveries that
occurred in 2018.
Cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and other receivables that represent the maximum credit risk
to the Company consist of the following:
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
Trade accounts receivable(1)
Royalty receivable(1)
Employee loans(1)
(1)
Included in Trade and other receivables.
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
138,510
74,004
40,803
105
312
175,953
51,590
51,952
60
491
The Company invests its cash and cash equivalents, which also has credit risk, with the objective of maintaining
safety of principal and providing adequate liquidity to meet all current payment obligations.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
105
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
ii)
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. The
Company manages its liquidity risk by continuously monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows. The Company has
in place a rigorous planning and budgeting process to help determine the funds required to support the Company’s
normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis and its expansion plans. The Company strives to maintain
sufficient liquidity to meet its short-term business requirements, taking into account its anticipated cash flows from
operations, its holdings of cash and short-term investments, and its committed loan facilities.
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that give rise to commitments for future
minimum payments. The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of the Company's
financial and non-financial liabilities, shown in contractual undiscounted cash flow:
Financial liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities other than:
Severance accrual
Employee compensation
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Loss on commodity contracts
Provisions(1)(2)
Income taxes payable
Other commitments
Capital and operating expenditure commitments
Future employee compensation
Credit facility charges
Total contractual obligations(2)
Financial liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities other than:
Severance accrual
Employee compensation
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Loan obligation
Loss on commodity contracts
Provisions(1)(2)
Income taxes payable
Other commitments
Capital and operating expenditure commitments
Future employee compensation
Credit facility charges
Total contractual obligations(2)
Payments due by period 2018
Within 1
year
2 - 3 years
4- 5 years
After 5
years
Total
$
128,486
$
— $
— $
— $
128,486
1,791
1,466
131,743
51
3,123
8,306
7,947
1,530
1,200
153,900
$
3,763
—
3,763
—
547
—
534
—
534
—
720
—
7,898
4,911
350
17,469
$
$
2,885
—
—
4,139
$
112
—
112
—
178
—
530
—
—
820
$
6,200
1,466
136,152
51
4,568
8,306
19,260
6,441
1,550
176,328
Payments due by period 2017
Within 1
year
2 - 3 years
4- 5 years
After 5
years
Total
$
136,671
$
— $
— $
— $
136,671
1,092
1,935
139,698
3,000
1,906
2,681
26,131
8,812
1,879
1,200
185,307
$
2,273
—
2,273
—
—
546
—
760
—
760
—
—
627
—
8,883
2,894
1,550
16,146
$
$
1,390
—
—
2,777
$
1,051
—
1,051
—
—
243
—
789
—
—
2,083
$
5,176
1,935
143,782
3,000
1,906
4,097
26,131
19,874
4,773
2,750
206,313
(1)
(2)
Total litigation provision (Note 17).
Amounts above do not include payments related to the Company’s anticipated closure and decommissioning obligation (current $1.9 million, long-term $68.6 million) discussed
in Note 17 (2017 - current $5.6 million, long-term $59.8 million), the deferred credit arising from the Aquiline acquisition ($20.8 million) (2017 - $20.8 million) discussed in
Note 19, and deferred tax liabilities of $148.8 million (2017 - $171.2 million).
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
106
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
There was no significant change to the Company’s exposure to liquidity risk during the year ended December 31,
2018.
iii) Market Risk
1.
Currency Risk
The Company reports its financial statements in USD; however, the Company operates in jurisdictions that
utilize other currencies. As a consequence, the financial results of the Company’s operations as reported
in USD are subject to changes in the value of the USD relative to local currencies. Since the Company’s sales
are denominated in USD and a portion of the Company’s operating costs and capital spending are in local
currencies, the Company is negatively impacted by strengthening local currencies relative to the USD and
positively impacted by the inverse.
At December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding positions on its foreign currency exposure of Mexican
peso ("MXN") purchases with no comparative positions at December 31, 2017. The Company recorded
gains of $0.7 million on MXN derivative contracts for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017 - gains of
$3.8 million).
The Company’s net earnings are affected by the revaluation of its monetary assets and monetary liabilities
at each balance sheet date. The Company has reviewed its monetary assets and monetary liabilities and is
exposed to foreign exchange risk through financial assets and liabilities and deferred income tax liabilities
denominated in currencies other than USD as shown in the table below. The Company estimates that a
10% change in the exchange rate of the foreign currencies in which its December 31, 2018 non-USD net
monetary liabilities were denominated would result in an income before taxes change of about $14.3 million
(2017 - $17.4 million).
The Company is exposed to currency risk through the following financial assets and liabilities, and deferred
income tax assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies:
At December 31, 2018
Canadian Dollar
Mexican Peso
Argentinian Peso
Bolivian Boliviano
European Euro
Peruvian Sol
Cash and
short-term
investments
Other current
and
non-current
assets
Income taxes
receivable
(payable),
current and
non-
current
Accounts
payable
and accrued
liabilities and
non-
current
liabilities
Deferred tax
assets and
liabilities
$
$
22,514
2,724
2,677
285
127
1,268
29,595
$
$
1,793
18,873
15,038
532
—
2,324
38,560
$
$
— $
7,240
1,134
(6,068)
(332)
2,640
4,614
$
(851) $
(31,909)
(18,739)
(12,167)
—
(13,134)
(76,800) $
—
(106,383)
—
(9,372)
—
(23,004)
(138,759)
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
107
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Cash and
short-term
investments
Other current
and
non-current
assets
Income taxes
receivable
(payable),
current and
non-
current
Accounts
payable
and accrued
liabilities and
non-
current
liabilities
Deferred tax
assets and
liabilities
$
$
25,062
5,188
4,239
4,659
24
2,274
41,446
$
$
529
22,809
19,720
495
—
1,026
44,579
$
$
(713) $
(242)
837
(3,840)
(780)
(4,402)
(9,140) $
(348) $
(26,013)
(28,685)
(13,954)
—
(13,478)
(82,478) $
—
(141,870)
—
(10,076)
—
(16,603)
(168,549)
At December 31, 2017
Canadian Dollar
Mexican Peso
Argentinian Peso
Bolivian Boliviano
European Euro
Peruvian Sol
2.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair values and future cash flows of the Company will fluctuate because
of changes in market interest rates. At December 31, 2018, the Company has $6.7 million in lease obligations
(2017 - $7.6 million), that are subject to an annualized interest rate of 2.2% (2017 - 2.2%). At December 31,
2018, the Company has short-term loans in Argentina of $nil (2017 - $3.0 million at an annualized interest
rate of 1.8%).
The average interest rate earned by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2018 on its cash
and short-term investments was 0.90% (2017 - 0.77%). A 10% increase or decrease in the interest earned
from financial institutions on cash and short-term investments would result in a $0.2 million increase or
decrease in the Company’s before tax earnings (2017 – $0.2 million).
3.
Price Risk
Metal price risk is the risk that changes in metal prices will affect the Company’s income or the value of its
related financial instruments. The Company derives its revenue from the sale of silver, gold, lead, copper,
and zinc. The Company’s sales are directly dependent on metal prices that have shown significant volatility
and are beyond the Company’s control. Consistent with the Company’s mission to provide equity investors
with exposure to changes in silver prices, the Company’s current policy is to not hedge the price of silver.
A 10% increase in all metal prices as at December 31, 2018, would result in an increase of approximately
$81.2 million (2017 – $83.9 million) in the Company’s revenues. A 10% decrease in all metal prices as at
the same period would result in a decrease of approximately $82.7 million (2017 - $85.3 million) in the
Company’s revenues. The Company also enters into provisional concentrate contracts to sell the zinc, lead
and copper concentrates produced by the Huaron, Morococha, San Vicente and La Colorada mines. We
have provisionally priced sales for which price finalization, referenced to the relevant zinc, lead, copper and
silver index, is outstanding at the balance sheet date. A 10% increase in metals prices on open positions of
approximately 8,300 tonnes, 2,300 tonnes, 2,000 tonnes, and 1.6 million ounces (2017 - 9,200 tonnes, 2,200
tonnes, 800 tonnes, and 1.9 million ounces) of zinc, lead, copper and silver, respectively, for provisional
concentrate contracts for the year ended December 31, 2018 would result in an increase of approximately
$6.2 million (2017 - $7.4 million) in the Company’s before tax earnings which would be reflected in 2018
results. A 10% decrease in metal prices for the same period would result in a decrease of approximately
$6.2 million (2017 - $7.4 million) in the Company’s before tax earnings.
The Company mitigates the price risk associated with its base metal production by committing some of its
forecasted base metal production from time to time under forward sales and option contracts. The Board
of Directors continually assesses the Company’s strategy towards its base metal exposure, depending on
market conditions. At December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding contracts to sell some of its base
metals production.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
108
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
9. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2017
Fair
Value
Cost
Accumulated
unrealized
holding gains
Fair Value
Cost
Accumulated
unrealized
holding gains
Short-term investments
$
74,004
$
73,796
$
208
$
51,590
$
49,985
$
1,605
10. INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of:
Concentrate inventory
Stockpile ore (1)
Heap leach inventory and in process (2)
Doré and finished inventory (3)
Materials and supplies
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
19,286
3,945
113,199
30,736
47,299
214,465
$
$
11,582
16,209
108,509
35,054
47,361
218,715
(1)
(2)
(3)
Includes an impairment charge of $11.2 million to reduce the cost basis of inventory to NRV at Manantial Espejo and Dolores mines (December 31, 2017 – $10.0 million at
Manantial Espejo mine).
Includes an impairment charge of $28.9 million to reduce the cost basis of inventory to NRV at Manantial Espejo and Dolores mines (December 31, 2017 - $10.3 million at
Manantial Espejo and Dolores mines).
Includes an impairment charge of $7.5 million to reduce the cost basis of inventory to NRV at Manantial Espejo and Dolores mines at December 31, 2018. (December 31, 2017
- $2.9 million at Manantial Espejo mine).
The costs of inventories recognized as expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 amounted to $683.6 million
(2017 – $648.1 million), of which $515.6 million (2017 – $500.7 million) and $147.3 million (2017 – $122.9 million)
was included in production costs and depreciation and depletion in the Consolidated Income Statements, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2018 a $24.3 million (2017 - $12.3 million NRV loss) NRV loss was recognized,
primarily driven by decreased metal prices, and included in production costs (Note 21). Inventories held at NRV
amounted to $143.6 million (2017 - $125.5 million).
A portion of the Stockpile ore amounting to $2.5 million (2017 - $9.5 million) and a portion of the heap leach inventory
amounting to $75.3 million (2017 - $74.3 million) are expected to be recovered or settled after more than twelve
months.
11. MINERAL PROPERTIES, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Acquisition costs of investment and non-producing properties together with costs directly related to mine
development expenditures are capitalized. Exploration expenditures on investment and non-producing properties
are charged to expense in the period they are incurred.
Capitalization of evaluation expenditures commences when there is a high degree of confidence in the project’s
viability and hence it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company. Evaluation expenditures,
other than that acquired from the purchase of another mining company, are carried forward as an asset provided
that such costs are expected to be recovered in full through successful development and exploration of the area of
interest or alternatively, by its sale. Evaluation expenditures include delineation drilling, metallurgical evaluations,
and geotechnical evaluations amongst others.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
109
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Mineral properties, plant and equipment consist of:
Carrying value
As at January 1, 2018
Net of accumulated depreciation
Additions
Disposals
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation charge captured in inventory
Impairment charge
Transfers
Closure and decommissioning – changes in
estimate
As at December 31, 2018
Cost as at December 31, 2018
Accumulated depreciation and impairments
Carrying value – December 31, 2018
Carrying value
As at January 1, 2017
Net of accumulated depreciation
Additions
Acquisition of Argentine projects
Disposals
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation charge captured in inventory
Impairment reversal
Transferred to assets held for sale
Transfers
Closure and decommissioning – changes in
estimate
As at December 31, 2017
Cost as at December 31, 2017
Accumulated depreciation and impairments
Carrying value – December 31, 2017
Mining Properties
Depletable
Non-depletable
Reserves
and Resources
Reserves
and Resources
Exploration
and
Evaluation
Plant and
Equipment
Total
$
$
$
$
$
766,883
106,701
—
(68,935)
(12,620)
(2,144)
(115,726)
$
71,809
25,423
(396)
—
—
(25,113)
1,652
$
253,128
—
—
—
—
—
(3,897)
$
244,863
16,896
(937)
(78,354)
—
(532)
117,971
1,336,683
149,020
(1,333)
(147,289)
(12,620)
(27,789)
—
4,330
—
—
—
4,330
678,489
$
73,375
$
249,231
$
299,907
$
1,301,002
1,997,880
(1,319,391)
678,489
$
$
104,614
(31,239)
73,375
$
$
668,358
(419,127)
249,231
$
$
939,993
(640,086)
299,907
$
$
3,710,845
(2,409,843)
1,301,002
Mining Properties
Depletable
Non-depletable
Reserves
and Resources
Reserves
and Resources
Exploration
and
Evaluation
Plant and
Equipment
Total
$
$
$
$
$
694,501
120,098
—
—
(53,124)
(4,104)
27,531
—
(22,400)
4,381
$
58,578
4,066
40,315
—
—
—
6,892
—
(38,042)
$
259,953
—
—
(195)
—
—
1,317
(7,947)
—
$
209,695
23,938
30
(2,710)
(69,764)
—
25,814
(2)
57,862
1,222,727
148,102
40,345
(2,905)
(122,888)
(4,104)
61,554
(7,949)
(2,580)
—
—
—
4,381
766,883
$
71,809
$
253,128
$
244,863
$
1,336,683
2,018,937
(1,252,054)
766,883
$
$
77,242
(5,433)
71,809
$
$
653,216
(400,088)
253,128
$
$
889,655
(644,792)
244,863
$
$
3,639,050
(2,302,367)
1,336,683
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
110
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Huaron mine, Peru
Morococha mine, Peru
Alamo Dorado mine, Mexico
La Colorada mine, Mexico
Dolores mine, Mexico
Manantial Espejo mine, Argentina
San Vicente mine, Bolivia
Other
Total
Land and Non-Producing Properties:
Land
Navidad project, Argentina
Minefinders projects, Mexico
Morococha, Peru
Argentine projects(1)(2)
Other
Total non-producing properties
Total mineral properties, plant and
equipment
$
$
$
$
$
December 31, 2018
Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Impairment
Cost
207,360
243,603
126,960
301,706
1,529,751
367,105
137,394
23,994
2,937,873
$
(114,288) $
(149,120)
(126,960)
(121,940)
(981,948)
(362,293)
(86,663)
(16,265)
$ (1,959,477) $
4,677
566,577
91,362
9,674
69,774
30,908
772,972
$
(1,096) $
(376,101)
(36,975)
—
(24,939)
(11,255)
(450,366) $
$
Carrying
Value
Cost
December 31, 2017
Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Impairment
196,111
230,932
194,023
279,541
1,485,200
367,573
131,038
24,174
2,908,592
$
(107,970) $
(135,868)
(194,023)
(100,970)
(908,651)
(353,322)
(79,595)
(16,447)
$ (1,896,846) $
Carrying
Value
88,141
95,064
—
178,571
576,549
14,251
51,443
7,727
1,011,746
4,990
566,577
73,956
9,674
44,376
30,885
730,458
$
(1,234) $
(376,101)
(16,929)
—
—
(11,257)
(405,521) $
$
3,756
190,476
57,027
9,674
44,376
19,628
324,937
3,639,050
$ (2,302,367) $
1,336,683
93,072
94,483
—
179,766
547,803
4,812
50,731
7,729
978,396
3,581
190,476
54,387
9,674
44,835
19,653
322,606
$
$
$
$
$
3,710,845
$ (2,409,843) $
1,301,002
(1) On February 10, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of Coeur Joaquin S.R.L., subsequently renamed Minera Joaquin S.R.L. (“Joaquin”). Joaquin’s principal
asset is the Joaquin project, located in the Santa Cruz province of southern Argentina. The consideration for the acquisition was $25.0 million, comprised of$15.0 million in cash
and $10.0 million of the Company’s common shares valued as of January 13, 2017 (555,654 total common shares), plus a 2.0% net smelter returns royalty on the Joaquin
project. Transaction costs were $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 with no similar amount in 2018.
(2) On May 31, 2017, the Company acquired 100% of Patagonia Gold Plc's ("Patagonia") COSE project in the Santa Cruz province of southern Argentina from Patagonia.
Consideration payable to Patagonia included $15 million, of which $7.5 million is deferred, plus a 1.5% net smelter returns ("NSR") royalty on the COSE project. On May 31,
2017, the Company made a payment of $7.5 million and granted a 1.5% NSR on production from COSE, and the title to COSE transferred to the Company. The remaining $7.5
million payment was made on May 31, 2018.
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed from both projects have been included in the table above under "Argentine projects", and in the "Manantial Espejo" reportable
operating segment of the segment note (Note 26). The Company concluded that the acquired assets and assumed liabilities did not constitute a business and accordingly the
transactions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. The Joaquin purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis with
$25.4 million allocated to mineral properties, plant and equipment and the remaining allocated to working capital items ($0.04 million). The COSE purchase price of $15.0
million was allocated to mineral properties, plant and equipment.
Held for Sale Assets
On December 31, 2017, all of the assets and liabilities of Minera Aquiline Argentina SA were classified as held for sale.
Immediately prior to the classification to assets and liabilities held for sale, the carrying amount of the Calcatreu
project ("Calcatreu") was re-measured to its recoverable amount, being its fair value less costs of disposal, based on
the expected proceeds from the sale. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment reversal during the year
ended December 31, 2017 of $1.3 million with no impairment or impairment reversal recorded during the year ended
December 31, 2018 (Note 12).
On January 31, 2018, the Company completed the sale of 100% of the shares of Minera Aquiline Argentina SA, which
owns Calcatreu, to Patagonia for total consideration of $15 million in cash. The Company received $5 million at the
date of sale with the remaining $10 million received on May 18, 2018 as scheduled. During the year ended
December 31, 2018 the Company recorded a gain of $8.0 million (2017 - $nil) ($6 million, net of tax expense (2017 -
$nil, net of tax expense)), respectively, on the sale of Calcatreu included in gain on sale of mineral properties, plant
and equipment.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
111
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
12. IMPAIRMENT (CHARGES) REVERSALS AND GOODWILL
Non-current assets are tested for impairment, or reversal of previous impairment charges, when events or changes
in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable, or previous impairment charges against
assets are recoverable. The Company performs an impairment test for goodwill at each financial year end and when
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company
considers its internal discounted cash flow economic models as a proxy for the calculation of FVLCTS, given a willing
market participant would use such models in establishing a value for the properties. The Company considers
impairment, or if previous impairment charges should be reversed, at the CGU level, which is the smallest identifiable
group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or
groups of assets. The Company’s CGUs are its mine sites, represented by its principal producing mining properties
and significant development projects. The CGU carrying amount for purposes of this test includes the carrying value
of the mineral properties plant and equipment and goodwill less deferred tax liabilities and closure and
decommissioning liabilities related to each CGU.
The Company’s key assumptions for determining the recoverable amounts of its various CGUs, for the purpose of
testing for impairment or impairment reversals, include the most current operating and capital costs information and
risk adjusted project specific discount rates. The Company uses an average of analysts’ consensus prices for the first
four years of its economic modeling, and long-term reserve prices for the remainder of each asset’s life. The prices
used can be found in the key assumptions and sensitivity section below.
Impairment (charges) reversals
Based on the Company’s assessment with respect to possible indicators of either impairment or reversal of previous
impairments to its mineral properties, the Company concluded that as of December 31, 2018 impairment charges
totaling $27.8 million ($27.8 million, net of tax expense) (2017 - impairment reversals of $61.6 million ($53.4 million,
net of tax expense)) were required on the following CGUs:
Manantial Espejo
Morococha
Calcatreu
2018 Impairment - Manantial Espejo
2018
(27,789) $
—
—
(27,789) $
$
$
2017
—
60,237
1,317
61,554
The decrease in short term analyst consensus silver prices and the introduction of an export tax of three to four
Argentine pesos per Dollar of export in September 2018, led management to conclude that there was an indication
of impairment to its operating assets in Argentina, namely the Manantial Espejo mine, and the COSE and Joaquin
projects. As at December 31, 2018, the Company determined that the combined Net Carrying Amount of the Manantial
Espejo mine and the Joaquin and COSE development projects, including mineral properties, plant and equipment,
and stockpile inventories, net of associated closure and decommissioning liabilities of $68.1 million was greater than
the combined estimated recoverable amount of $39.3 million when using a 7.25% risk adjusted discount rate. Based
on this assessment, the Company recorded an impairment charge related to the Manantial Espejo mineral property,
and the COSE and Joaquin projects, of $27.8 million ($27.8 million, net of tax).
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
112
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
2017 Impairment Reversal - Morococha
During the years ended December 2017 and 2016, Morococha generated significantly higher cash flows from
operations than the amount assumed in the recoverable value estimation at December 31, 2015, primarily the results
of continued costs performance and base metal prices being superior to prior expectations. Further, as of December
31, 2017, Morococha's estimated silver mineral reserve increased by 2.8 million ounces. As a result of the CGU's
continued strong performance, increased silver mineral reserves and higher long-term metal prices, the Company
recognized a reversal of the remaining unamortized impairment of $60.2 million ($52.1 million, net of tax) related to
its investment in Morococha at December 31, 2017.
2017 Impairment Reversal - Calcatreu
The Company recorded an impairment reversal on Calcatreu during the year ended December 31, 2017 further
discussed in Note 11.
Key assumptions and sensitivity
The metal prices used to calculate the recoverable amounts at December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017 are based
on analyst consensus prices and the Company’s long term reserve prices, and are summarized in the following tables.
Metal prices used at December 31, 2018:
Commodity Prices
Silver price - $/oz.
Gold price - $/oz.
Zinc price - $/tonne
Lead price - $/tonne
Copper price - $/tonne
Metal prices used at December 31, 2017:
Commodity Prices
Silver price - $/oz.
Gold price - $/oz.
Zinc price - $/tonne
Lead price - $/tonne
Copper price - $/tonne
2019-2022 average
$17.07
$1,300
$2,599
$2,171
$6,975
2018-2021 average
$18.57
$1,307
$2,818
$2,251
$6,742
Long term
$18.50
$1,300
$2,400
$2,100
$6,000
Long term
$18.50
$1,300
$2,600
$2,200
$5,500
In 2018, the discount rates used to present value the Company’s life of mine cash flows were derived from the
Company’s weighted average cost of capital which was calculated as 5.3% (2017 – 5.2%), with rates applied to the
various mines and projects ranging from 4.5% to 9.8% (2017 - 4.0% to 9.0%), depending on the Company’s assessment
of country risk, project risk, and other potential risks specific to each CGU.
The key assumptions in determining the recoverable value of the Company’s mineral properties are individual metal
prices, operating and capital costs, foreign exchange rates and discount rates. At December 31, 2018, the Company
performed a sensitivity analysis on all key assumptions that assumed a modest (10%) adverse change to each individual
assumption while holding the other assumptions constant.
At December 31, 2018, an adverse 10% movement in any of the major assumptions in isolation did not cause the
recoverable amount to be below the CGU carrying value for any of the La Colorada, San Vicente, Huaron, or Morococha
mines. For the Dolores mine, Manantial Espejo mine and Navidad project, which previously had their carrying values
adjusted to FVLCTS through impairment charges, a modest adverse change in any one key assumption would reduce
the recoverable amount below the carrying amount.
At December 31, 2017, an adverse 10% movement in any of the major assumptions in isolation did not cause the
recoverable amount to be below the CGU carrying value for any of the La Colorada, San Vicente, Huaron, or Morococha
mines. For the Dolores mine, Manantial Espejo mine and Navidad project, which previously had their carrying values
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
113
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
adjusted to FVLCTS through impairment charges, a modest adverse change in any one key assumption would reduce
the recoverable amount below the carrying amount.
Goodwill
Goodwill arose when the Company acquired Minefinders Corporation Ltd. in 2012 and consists of:
Goodwill
13. INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATES
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
3,057
$
3,057
The following table shows a continuity of the Company's investment in Maverix and its investment in other associates:
Balance of investment in Maverix, December 31,
Investment in associate
Dilution gain
Adjustment for change in ownership interest
Income (loss) in associate
Balance of investment in Maverix, December 31,
Balance of investment in other
Investment in Maverix:
2018
53,567
—
13,288
1,870
391
69,116
1,450
70,566
$
$
$
$
2017
48,284
2,473
2,273
758
(221)
53,567
1,450
55,017
$
$
$
$
The Company's warrant liability representing in substance ownership interest in Maverix was $14.7 million as at
December 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 - $14.3 million). The Company's share of Maverix income or loss was
recorded, based on its 40% interest from January 1, 2018 to June 29, 2018, and 29% interest from June 30, 2018 to
December 31, 2018 (2017 - 43% from January 1, 2017 to February 21, 2017, 41% from February 22, 2017 to April 20,
2017, and 40% for the remainder of the year) representing the Company's fully diluted ownership.
On June 29, 2018, Maverix closed a transaction with Newmont Mining Corp. and its affiliates ("Newmont") where
Maverix acquired a portfolio of fifty (50) royalties from Newmont, for which Maverix issued to Newmont a total of
60 million common shares, 10 million common share purchase warrants, exercisable for five years at $1.64per common
share, and made a cash payment of $17 million (collectively, the "Newmont Transaction").
On August 17, 2017, Maverix closed a transaction with CEF Limited ("CEF") where CEF provided Maverix with a $20.0
million senior secured loan facility and Maverix issued 5.9 million common shares to CEF for gross proceeds of $5.3
million. The Company exercised its anti-dilution rights in connection with the CEF transaction where Maverix issued
2.3 million common shares to the Company for gross proceeds of $2.5 million.
On April 20, 2017, Maverix closed a transaction with a wholly owned subsidiary of Silvercorp Metals Inc. (Silvercorp”),
where Maverix acquired a net smelter return royalty on the Silvertip mine located in British Columbia Canada; and
Maverix issued to Silvercorp a total of 3.8 million common shares (the "Silvertip Transaction").
On February 21, 2017, Maverix closed a transaction with Auramet Trading LLC and certain of its affiliates (collectively
"Auramet"), where Maverix acquired a portfolio of two (2) royalties from Auramet; and Maverix issued to Auramet
a total of 8.5 million common shares and made a cash payment of $5 million (collectively, the "Auramet Transaction").
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
114
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Deferred Revenue:
Deferred revenue relates to precious metal streams whereby the Company will sell 100% of the future gold production
from La Colorada and 5% of the future gold production from La Bolsa, which is in the exploration stage, to Maverix
for $650 and $450 per ounce, respectively (the "Streams"). The deferred revenue liability recognized by the Company
is the portion of the deferred revenue to be paid to Maverix owners other than Pan American through its ownership
in Maverix.
The Company will recognize the deferred revenue related to the Streams as revenue as the gold ounces are delivered
to Maverix. On June 29, 2018, February 21, 2017, April 20, 2017 and August 17, 2017, the Company recorded an
additional $1.9 million, $0.4 million, $0.2 million, and $0.1 million of deferred revenue, respectively, as a result of the
diluted ownership in Maverix that arose on the Newmont, Auramet, Silvertip and CEF Transactions, respectively. As
at December 31, 2018, the deferred revenue liability was $13.3 million (December 31, 2017 - $12.0 million).
During the year ended December 31, 2018, $0.6 million (2017 - $0.3 million) was recognized for the delivery of 3,968
ounces of gold (2017 - 2,347 ounces) from La Colorada to Maverix. All transactions with Maverix were in the normal
course and measured at exchange amounts, which were the amounts of consideration established and agreed to by
the Company and Maverix.
Income Statement Impacts:
The Company recognized dilution gains of $13.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017 - gains of $2.3
million) recorded in share of loss from associate and dilution gain.
For the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company also recognized its share of income from associate of $0.4 million
(2017 - $0.2 million loss) which represents the Company's proportionate share of Maverix's income (loss) during the
year.
14. OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consist of:
Reclamation bonds
Lease receivable
Other assets
15. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of:
Trade accounts payable(1)
Royalties payable
Other accounts payable and trade related accruals
Payroll and related benefits
Severance accruals
Other taxes payable
Other
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
199
1,903
61
2,163
$
$
199
81
66
346
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
52,201
2,004
32,896
26,817
1,791
4,044
11,990
131,743
$
$
47,138
4,896
29,690
29,329
1,092
3,439
24,114
139,698
(1) No interest is charged on the trade accounts payable ranging from 30 to 60 days from the invoice date. The Company has policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid
within the credit terms.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
115
16. LOANS PAYABLE
Loans Payable(1)
(1)
This $US loan bears interest at 1.8% per annum.
17. PROVISIONS
December 31, 2016
Revisions in estimates and obligations incurred
Charged (credited) to earnings:
-new provisions
-change in estimate
-exchange gains on provisions
Charged in the year
Reclamation expenditures
Accretion expense (Note 23)
December 31, 2017
Revisions in estimates and obligations incurred
Charged (credited) to earnings:
-new provisions
-change in estimate
-exchange gains on provisions
Charged in the year
Reclamation expenditures
Accretion expense (Note 23)
December 31, 2018
Maturity analysis of total provisions:
Current
Non-Current
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
— $
3,000
Closure and
Decommissioning
Litigation
$
$
$
$
55,611
12,561
$
4,332
—
—
—
—
—
(8,749)
5,973
65,396
6,516
—
—
—
—
(7,849)
6,524
70,587
$
$
767
(228)
93
(867)
—
—
4,097
—
1,308
(173)
(253)
(411)
—
—
4,568
$
$
Total
59,943
12,561
767
(228)
93
(867)
(8,749)
5,973
69,493
6,516
1,308
(173)
(253)
(411)
(7,849)
6,524
75,155
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
5,072
70,083
75,155
$
$
8,245
61,248
69,493
Closure and Decommissioning Cost Provision
The total inflated and undiscounted amount of estimated cash flows required to settle the Company’s estimated
future closure and decommissioning costs is $159.1 million (December 31, 2017 - $142.2 million) which has been
inflated using inflation rates of between 2% and 17% (2017 – between 2% and 25%). The total provision for closure
and decommissioning cost is calculated using discount rates of between 2% and 22% (2017 - between 2% and 24%).
Revisions made to the reclamation obligations in 2018 were primarily a result of increased site disturbance at the
mines as well as revisions to the estimate based on periodic reviews of closure plans, actual expenditures incurred
and concurrent closure activities completed. These obligations will be funded from operating cash flows, reclamation
deposits and cash on hand.
The accretion expense charged to 2018 earnings as finance expense was $6.5 million (2017 - $6.0 million). Reclamation
expenditures paid during the current year were $7.8 million (2017 - $8.7 million).
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
116
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Litigation Provision
The litigation provision, as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, consists primarily of amounts accrued for labour claims
at several of the Company’s mine operations. The balance of $4.6 million at December 31, 2018 (2017 - $4.1 million)
represents the Company’s best estimate for all known and anticipated future obligations related to the above claims.
The amount and timing of any expected payments are uncertain as their determination is outside the control of the
Company.
18. FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS
The following table presents a reconciliation of the total future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2018
and December 31, 2017 to their present value for equipment lease obligations at several of the Company's
subsidiaries:
Less than a year
2 years
Less future finance charges
Present value of minimum lease payments
Less: current portion of finance lease obligation
Non-current portion of finance lease obligation
19. OTHER LONG TERM LIABILITIES
Other long term liabilities consist of:
Deferred credit(1)
Other income tax payable
Severance accruals
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
$
5,488
1,335
6,823
(147)
6,676
(5,356)
1,320
$
$
$
5,879
1,845
7,724
(165)
7,559
(5,734)
1,825
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
20,788
227
4,410
25,425
$
$
20,788
2,082
4,084
26,954
(1)
As part of the 2009 Aquiline transaction the Company issued a replacement convertible debenture that allowed the holder to convert the debenture into either 363,854 Common
Shares or a Silver Stream contract related to certain production from the Navidad project. Regarding the replacement convertible debenture, it was concluded that the deferred
credit presentation was the most appropriate and best representation of the economics underlying the contract as of the date the Company assumed the obligation as part of
the Aquiline acquisition. Subsequent to the acquisition, the counterparty to the replacement debenture selected the Silver Stream alternative. The final contract for the alternative
is being discussed and pending the final resolution of this discussion, the Company continues to classify the fair value calculated at the acquisition of this alternative, as a deferred
credit.
20. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION AND OTHER RELATED INFORMATION
a. Stock options and Common Shares issued as compensation ("Compensation Shares")
For the year ended December 31, 2018 the total share-based compensation expense relating to stock options and
Compensation Shares was $3.0 million (2017 - $3.1 million) and presented as a component of general and
administrative expense.
i. Compensation shares
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company awarded 129,619 (2017 - 123,113 Compensation Shares
with a two year vesting period) Compensation Shares with a three year vesting period as compensation.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, 10,338 Common Shares were issued to Directors in lieu of Directors
fees of $0.2 million (2017 - 12,291 Common Shares in lieu of fees of $0.2 million).
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
117
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
ii. Stock options
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company granted 149,163 (2017 – 91,945 stock options) stock
options with a two year vesting period as compensation.
The following table summarizes changes in stock options for the years ended December 31:
As at December 31, 2016
Granted
Exercised
Expired
Forfeited
As at December 31, 2017
Granted
Exercised
Expired
Forfeited
As at December 31, 2018
Stock Options
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price CAD$
16.81
18.64
11.24
40.22
23.60
16.56
17.53
11.14
24.90
19.49
15.00
Shares
$
1,310,864
91,945
$
(307,266) $
(61,891) $
(97,529) $
936,123
$
149,163
(125,762) $
(211,614)
(49,523) $
$
698,387
The following table summarizes information about the Company's stock options outstanding at December 31,
2018:
Range of Exercise
Prices
CAD$
$9.76 - $11.57
$11.58 - $17.01
$17.02 - $18.53
$18.54 - $23.61
Options Outstanding
Options Exercisable
Number
Outstanding as
at December
31, 2018
232,883
97,043
230,811
137,650
698,387
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(months)
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
CAD$
Number
Exercisable as
at December
31, 2018
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price CAD$
43.08
40.16
57.74
67.28
52.29
$
$
$
$
$
10.07
12.50
17.88
20.29
15.00
232,883
97,043
81,648
91,680
503,254
$
$
$
$
$
10.07
12.50
18.53
21.12
13.92
The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model in determining the fair value of
options granted during the years ended December 31:
Expected life
Expected volatility
Expected dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate
Weighted average exercise price (CAD$)
Weighted average fair value (CAD$)
2018
2017
4.0
43.8%
2.1%
2.5%
$
$
17.53
5.90
$
$
4.0
41.9%
2.6%
2.2%
18.64
5.30
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
118
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
b. PSUs
PSUs are notional share units that mirror the market value of the Company’s Common Shares. Each vested PSU entitles
the participant to a cash payment equal to the value of an underlying share, less applicable taxes, at the end of the
term, plus the cash equivalent of any dividends distributed by the Company during the three-year performance period.
PSU grants will vest on the date that is three years from the date of grant subject to certain exceptions. Performance
results at the end of the performance period relative to predetermined performance criteria and the application of
the corresponding performance multiplier determine how many PSUs vest for each participant. The Board of Directors
approved the issuance of 117,328 PSUs for 2018 with a share price of CAD $17.48 (2017 - 54,962 PSUs approved at
a share price of CAD $19.04). Compensation expense for PSUs was $1.0 million for the year ended December 31,
2018 (2017 - $1.0 million) and is presented as a component of general and administrative expense.
At December 31, 2018, the following PSUs were outstanding:
PSU
As at December 31, 2016
Granted
Paid out
Forfeited
Change in value
As at December 31, 2017
Granted
Paid out
Forfeited
Change in value
As at December 31, 2018
c. RSUs
Number
Outstanding
141,790
54,962
(30,408)
—
—
166,344
117,328
(73,263)
—
—
210,409
$
$
$
Fair Value
2,152
823
(875)
—
511
2,611
1,532
(1,528)
—
476
3,091
Under the Company’s RSU plan, selected employees are granted RSUs where each RSU has a value equivalent to one
Pan American common share. The RSUs are settled in cash or Common Shares at the discretion of the Board of
Directors and vest in three installments, the first 33.3% vest on the first anniversary date of the grant, the second
33.3% vest on the second anniversary date of the grant, and a further 33.3% vest on the third anniversary date of the
grant. Additionally, RSU value is adjusted to reflect dividends paid on Common Shares over the vesting period.
Compensation expense for RSUs was $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017 – $2.0 million) and is
presented as a component of general and administrative expense.
At December 31, 2018, the following RSUs were outstanding:
RSU
As at December 31, 2016
Granted
Paid out
Forfeited
Change in value
As at December 31, 2017
Granted
Paid out
Forfeited
Change in value
As at December 31, 2018
Number
Outstanding
315,423
184,187
(222,006)
(15,591)
—
262,013
244,961
(156,715)
(21,436)
—
328,823
$
$
$
Fair Value
4,764
2,698
(3,257)
(243)
136
4,098
3,207
(2,181)
(313)
(1,187)
3,624
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
119
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
d. Issued share capital
The Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000 Common Shares of no par value.
e. Dividends
The Company declared the following dividends for the period starting January 1, 2017 until March 12, 2019:
Declaration Date
February 20, 2019 (1)
November 6, 2018
August 8, 2018
May 9, 2018
February 20, 2018
November 8, 2017
August 9, 2017
May 9, 2017
February 14, 2017
Record date
March 4, 2019
November 19, 2018
August 20, 2018
May 22, 2018
March 5, 2018
November 20, 2017
August 21, 2017
May 23, 2017
February 27, 2017
(1)
These dividends were declared subsequent to the year end and have not been recognized as distributions to owners during the period presented.
Dividend per
common share
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
0.0350
0.0350
0.0350
0.0350
0.0350
0.0250
0.0250
0.0250
0.0250
21. PRODUCTION COSTS
Production costs are comprised of the following:
Consumption of raw materials and consumables
Employee compensation and benefits expense
Contractors and outside services
Utilities
Severance costs related to mine operations
Other expenses (1)
Changes in inventories (2)
2018
184,484
167,879
88,475
26,320
—
31,417
17,061
515,636
$
$
2017
160,224
169,109
83,012
24,764
3,509
34,339
25,713
500,670
$
$
(1)
(2)
Includes closure and decommissioning liability adjustments to reduce production costs by $nil (2017 - reduce by $1.2 million).
Includes NRV adjustments to inventory to increase production costs by $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017 - increase by $12.3 million).
22. EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS EXPENSE
Wages, salaries and bonuses
Share-based compensation
Total employee compensation and benefit expenses
Less: Expensed within General and Administrative expenses
Less: Expensed within Exploration expenses
Employee compensation and benefits expenses included in production costs
2018
181,957
2,957
184,914
(13,919)
(3,116)
167,879
$
$
2017
184,225
3,077
187,302
(14,023)
(4,170)
169,109
$
$
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
120
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
23. INTEREST AND FINANCE EXPENSE
Interest recovery
Finance fees
Accretion expense (Note 17)
24. EARNINGS PER SHARE (BASIC AND DILUTED)
2018
(678) $
2,293
6,524
8,139
$
2017
(1,179)
2,391
5,973
7,185
$
$
For the year ended December 31,
2018
2017
Earnings
(Numerator)
Shares (000’s)
(Denominator)
Per-Share
Amount
Earnings
(Numerator)
Shares (000’s)
(Denominator)
Per-Share
Amount
Net earnings (1)
Basic EPS
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Options
Diluted EPS
$
$
$
10,294
10,294
—
10,294
(1) Net earnings attributable to equity holders of the Company.
153,315
$
207
153,522
$
$
$
0.07
120,991
120,991
153,070
$
0.79
0.07
$
—
120,991
283
153,353
$
0.79
Potentially dilutive securities excluded in the diluted earnings per share calculation for the year ended December 31,
2018 were 45,705 out-of-the-money options (2017 – 279,943).
25. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
The following tables summarize other adjustments for non-cash income statement items, changes in operating
working capital items and significant non-cash items:
Other operating activities
Adjustments for non-cash income statement items:
Share-based compensation expense
Loss on securities held
Gains on commodity and foreign currency contracts (Note 8)
Loss (gain) on derivatives (Note 8)
Loss on inventory
Share of income from associate and dilution gain (Note 13)
NRV adjustment for inventories
Changes in non-cash operating working capital items:
Trade and other receivables
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Provisions
2018
2017
$
$
$
$
2,957
3,298
(4,930)
1,078
4,670
(13,679)
24,330
17,724
$
$
$
2018
6,256
(12,128)
1,878
8,053
(8,320)
(4,261) $
3,077
—
(606)
(64)
—
(2,052)
12,308
12,663
2017
9,852
10,898
(3,096)
2,569
(8,514)
11,709
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
121
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Significant non-cash items:
Assets acquired by finance lease
Share-based compensation issued to employees and directors
Shares issued as consideration for select Argentine projects (Note 11)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash in banks
Short-term money market investments
Cash and cash equivalents
26. SEGMENTED INFORMATION
2018
7,028
1,879
$
$
— $
$
$
$
2017
5,000
2,020
8,650
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
$
77,735
60,775
138,510
$
$
160,001
15,952
175,953
All of the Company’s operations are within the mining sector, conducted through operations in four countries. Due
to geographic and political diversity, the Company’s mining operations are decentralized in nature whereby Mine
General Managers are responsible for achieving specified business results within a framework of global policies and
standards. We have determined that each producing mine and significant development property represents an
operating segment. Country corporate offices provide support infrastructure to the mines in addressing local and
country issues including financial, human resources, and exploration support. The Company has a separate budgeting
process and measures the results of operations and exploration activities independently. Operating results of
operating segments are reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker ("CODM") to make decisions
about resources to be allocated to the segments and to assess their performance. Segment performance is evaluated
by the CODM based on a number of measures including earnings before income taxes.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
122
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Significant information relating to the Company’s reportable operating segments is summarized in the table below:
Peru
Mexico
Argentina
Bolivia
Canada
Year ended December 31, 2018
Huaron
Morococha
Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
La
Colorada
Manantial
Espejo
Navidad
San
Vicente
Pas Corp
Other
Total
$ 114,739
$
117,517
$ 236,835
$
— $ 164,050
$ 90,851
$
— $ 60,503
$
— $
— $ 784,495
$ (12,867) $
(15,476) $ (83,621) $
— $ (22,567) $
(6,090) $
(87) $
(6,200) $
(145) $
(236) $ (147,289)
(660) $
(598) $
(1,463) $
— $
(880) $
(843) $
(3,629) $
— $
(1,687) $
(1,378) $
(11,138)
38
$
101
$
— $
8
$
— $
290
$
104
$
— $
1,138
$
265
$
1,944
(786) $
(582) $
(207) $
(508) $
(477) $
(3,018) $
(97) $
(256) $
(2,170) $
(38) $
(8,139)
(39) $
7
$
(67) $
568
$
1
$
— $
— $
(513) $
195
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $ 13,679
— $
(1,078) $
— $
(1,078)
185
$
141
$
1,407
$
(106) $
22
$
(6,404) $
(2,448) $
1,021
$
(3,235) $
91
$
(9,326)
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $ (27,789) $
— $
— $
— $
4,930
$
— $
4,930
— $
— $
— $
(27,789)
$
$
7,821
$
7,973
— $
13,679
Revenue
Depreciation and
amortization
Exploration and project
development
Interest income
Interest and financing
expenses
(Loss) gain on disposition of
assets
Share of loss from associate
and dilution gain
Loss on derivatives
Foreign exchange gains
(losses)
Gain on commodity, fuel
swaps and foreign currency
contracts
Impairment charges
Earnings (loss) before
income taxes
Income tax (expense)
recovery
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ 24,302
$
33,204
$ (35,648) $
(5,529) $ 67,400
$ (44,103) $
(6,832) $ 10,421
$ (22,560) $ 12,533
$
33,188
$ (10,587) $
(12,113) $ 24,884
$
7,547
$ (20,408) $
(89) $
(36) $
(3,747) $
(6,111) $
(487) $
(21,147)
Net earnings (loss) for the
year
Capital expenditures
$ 13,715
$ 14,551
$
$
21,091
$ (10,764) $
2,018
$ 46,992
$ (44,192) $
(6,868) $
6,674
$ (28,671) $ 12,046
$
12,041
10,370
$ 59,480
$
— $ 22,473
$ 29,881
$
39
$
6,949
$
440
$
165
$ 144,348
Huaron
Morococha
Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
La
Colorada
Manantial
Espejo
Navidad
San
Vicente
Pas Corp
Other
Total
Total assets
Total liabilities
$ 119,015
$ 44,055
$
$
126,755
$ 791,485
$ 12,270
$ 230,736
$ 20,839
$ 193,777
$ 83,686
$ 247,792
$ 111,121
$ 1,937,476
40,183
$ 150,003
$
5,856
$ 56,206
$ 24,994
$
1,546
$ 38,169
$ 30,221
$ 32,894
$ 424,127
As at December 31, 2018
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
123
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Peru
Mexico
Argentina
Bolivia
Canada
Year ended December 31, 2017
Huaron
Morococh
a
Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
La
Colorada
Manantial
Espejo
Navidad
San
Vicente
Pas Corp
Other
Total
$ 129,085
$ 120,244
$ 197,748
$ 17,958
$ 171,654
$ 111,642
$
— $ 68,497
$
— $
— $ 816,828
$ (13,464) $
(9,693) $ (67,515) $
(23) $ (19,381) $
(5,236) $
(88) $
(7,181) $
(108) $
(199) $ (122,888)
(1,713) $
(1,629) $
(2,316) $
— $
(2,149) $
(4,588) $ (2,894) $
— $
(2,659) $
(1,807) $
(19,755)
63
$
58
$
— $
4
$
— $
525
$
— $
— $
472
$
340
$
1,462
(855) $
(578) $
1,613
$
(359) $
(467) $
(2,969) $
(99) $
(232) $
(3,101) $
(138) $
(7,185)
(154) $
(117) $
(291) $
540
$
(319) $
— $
— $
(455) $
361
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
2,052
— $
64
(92) $
(38) $
642
$
(29) $
(143) $
(1,373) $
(644) $
1,045
$
1,493
$
$
$
$
626
$
191
— $
2,052
— $
64
962
$
1,823
— $
— $
— $
42,112
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
606
$
— $
606
— $ 19,442
$
61,554
(503) $
(8,474) $ 79,307
$ (24,404) $ (3,570) $ 14,592
$ (22,567) $ 24,978
$ 182,485
$
$
$ 36,650
$
86,476
$ (12,818) $
(16,663) $ 11,719
$ 23,832
$
8,412
$
$
69,813
$ 11,216
9,283
$ 85,379
$
$
$
1,033
$ (20,843) $
(1,108) $
(85) $
(5,305) $
(6,360) $
(8,604) $
(59,034)
(7,441) $ 58,464
$ (25,512) $ (3,655) $
9,287
$ (28,927) $ 16,374
$ 123,451
— $ 21,963
$
8,590
$
27
$
8,146
$
2
$
430
$ 142,232
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Revenue
Depreciation and
amortization
Exploration and project
development
Interest income
Interest and financing
expenses
(Loss) gain on disposition
of assets
Share of loss from
associate and dilution gain
Gain on derivatives
Foreign exchange (losses)
gains
Gain on commodity, fuel
swaps and foreign currency
contracts
Impairment reversals
Earnings (loss) before
income taxes
Income tax (expense)
recovery
Net earnings (loss) for the
year
Capital expenditures
Huaron
Morococh
a
Dolores
Alamo
Dorado
La
Colorada
Manantial
Espejo
Navidad
San
Vicente
Pas Corp
Other
Total
Total assets
Total liabilities
$ 116,138
$ 131,180
$ 833,397
$ 17,125
$ 231,205
$ 125,088
$ 194,225
$ 85,869
$ 210,286
$ 48,819
$ 1,993,332
$ 46,184
$
36,058
$ 176,464
$
8,163
$ 65,145
$ 43,408
$
1,296
$ 30,819
$ 28,939
$ 35,805
$ 472,281
As at December 31, 2017
Product Revenue
Refined silver and gold
Zinc concentrate
Lead concentrate
Copper concentrate
Silver concentrate
Total
2018
348,717
155,412
150,832
86,599
42,935
784,495
2017
345,756
140,315
161,981
114,564
54,212
816,828
The Company has 16 customers that account for 100% of the concentrate and silver and gold sales revenue. The
Company has 7 customers that accounted for 28%, 14%, 13%, 10%, 8%, 8%, and 5% of total sales in 2018, and 7
customers that accounted for 23%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 8%, 6%, and 5% of total sales in 2017. The loss of certain of these
customers or curtailment of purchases by such customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s
results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
124
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
27. OTHER INCOME AND (EXPENSES)
Change in closure and decommissioning estimates
Royalties income
Other (loss) income
Total
28. INCOME TAXES
Components of Income Tax Expense
Current tax expense (recovery)
Recognized in profit or loss in current year
Adjustments recognized in the current year with respect to prior years
Deferred tax expense (recovery)
Deferred tax recovery recognized in the current year
Adjustments recognized in the current year with respect to prior years
Increase in deferred tax liabilities due to tax impact of reversals of mineral properties, plant, and
equipment impairments (Note 11, 12)
Recognition of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets
Benefit from previously unrecognized losses, and other temporary differences
Decrease in deferred tax liabilities due to tax impact of NRV charge to inventory
$
$
$
$
2018
(2,968) $
631
$
(1,322)
(3,659) $
2017
(8,388)
574
2,309
(5,505)
2018
2017
$
59,056
(5,155)
53,901
(13,256)
(1,098)
—
(6,140)
(3,600)
(8,660)
66,345
(3,468)
62,877
(898)
(1,539)
17,770
(10,275)
(6,487)
(2,414)
(3,843)
59,034
Income tax expense
(32,754)
21,147
$
$
Income tax expense differs from the amount that would result from applying the Canadian federal and provincial
income tax rates to earnings before income taxes. These differences result from the items shown on the following
table which results in an effective tax rate that varies considerably from the comparable period. The main factors that
affected the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the comparable period of 2017 were changes
in the non-recognition of certain deferred tax assets, mining taxes paid, and withholding taxes on payments from
foreign subsidiaries. The Company continues to expect that these and other factors will continue to cause volatility
in effective tax rates in the future.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
125
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
$
$
$
2018
33,188
27.00%
8,961
$
$
2017
182,485
26.00%
47,446
3,929
(2,160)
3,372
1,168
(3,254)
—
14,371
1,611
(351)
(5,030)
(1,470)
21,147
63.72%
$
4,618
3,644
2,051
(10,752)
(4,055)
1,400
20,065
(3,928)
2,937
(3,503)
(889)
59,034
32.35%
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate
Earnings before taxes and non-controlling interest
Statutory Canadian income tax rate
Income tax expense based on above rates
Increase (decrease) due to:
Non-deductible expenditures
Foreign tax rate differences
Change in net deferred tax assets not recognized:
- Argentina exploration expenditures
- Other deferred tax assets
Non-taxable portion of net earnings of affiliates
Tax on sale of royalty
Effect of other taxes paid (mining and withholding)
Effect of foreign exchange on tax expense
Non-taxable impact of foreign exchange
Change in current tax expense estimated for prior years
Other
Income tax expense
Effective income tax rate
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
The following is the analysis of the deferred tax assets (liabilities) presented in the consolidated financial
statements:
Net deferred tax liability, beginning of year
Recognized in net earnings in the year
Reduction due to Mexican de-consolidation payments applied to current tax
Other
Net deferred liability, end of year
Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax liability
2018
(168,549) $
32,754
(697)
(83)
(136,575) $
12,244
(148,819)
(136,575) $
2017
(169,136)
3,843
(3,231)
(25)
(168,549)
2,679
(171,228)
(168,549)
$
$
$
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
126
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
The deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of the various temporary differences as detailed
below:
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) arising from:
Closure and decommissioning costs
Tax losses and mining tax credits
Deductible Mexican mining taxes
Tax credit resulting from Mexican de-consolidation
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Trade and other receivables
Provision for doubtful debts and inventory adjustments
Mineral properties, plant, and equipment
Estimated sales provisions
Other temporary differences and provisions
Net deferred tax liability
2018
2017
$
$
$
9,105
29,195
2,974
698
6,726
15,756
(11,752)
(169,703)
(19,746)
172
(136,575) $
7,019
24,014
2,792
1,385
3,047
21,527
(14,517)
(186,641)
(28,726)
1,551
(168,549)
At December 31, 2018, the net deferred tax liability above included the deferred tax benefit of $29.2 million related
to tax losses of approximately $98.4 million. These losses will begin to expire after the 2024 year end, if unused.
At December 31, 2017, the net deferred tax liability above included the deferred tax benefit of $24.0 million related
to tax losses of approximately $80.6 million. These losses will begin to expire after the 2024 year end, if unused.
Unrecognized deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits
Deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits for which no deferred tax assets have
been recognized are attributable to the following:
Tax loss (revenue in nature)
Net tax loss (capital in nature)
Resource pools and other tax credits
Financing fees
Mineral properties, plant, and equipment
Closure and decommissioning costs
Exploration and other expenses not currently deductible
Intercompany debt
Doubtful debt and inventory
Deductible Mexican mining taxes
Payroll and vacation accruals
Other temporary differences
2018
131,179
14,456
18,266
785
22,669
33,835
51,175
10,160
24,840
—
827
8,217
316,409
$
$
$
$
2017
165,180
15,423
18,609
1,464
20,441
42,484
54,672
8,061
16,602
77
2,015
2,601
347,629
Included in the above amounts are operating losses, which if not utilized will expire as follows:
At December 31, 2018
2019
2020
2021 – and after
Total tax losses
Canada
US
Peru
Mexico
Barbados
Argentina
—
—
85
80
114,466
13,469
$
114,466
$
13,634
$
—
—
250
250
—
—
2,456
$
2,456
$
4
7
105
116
$
45
61
151
257
Total
134
148
130,897
131,179
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
127
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
At December 31, 2017
2018
2019
2020 – and after
Total tax losses
Canada
US
Peru
Mexico
Barbados
Argentina
—
—
120
86
122,853
13,289
—
—
—
—
—
20,925
6
4
93
50
90
Total
176
180
7,664
164,824
$
122,853
$
13,495
$
— $
20,925
$
103
$
7,804
$
165,180
Taxable temporary differences associated with investment in subsidiaries
As at December 31, 2018, taxable temporary differences of $85.2 million (2017 – $88.3 million) associated with the
investments in subsidiaries have not been recognized as the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of
these differences and does not expect them to reverse in the foreseeable future.
29. CONTINGENCIES
The following is a summary of the contingent matters and obligations relating to the Company as at December 31,
2018.
a. General
The Company is subject to various investigations, claims and legal and tax proceedings covering matters that arise in
the ordinary course of business activities. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible
that some of these matters may be resolved unfavorably to the Company. Certain conditions may exist as of the date
the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company. In the opinion of management none
of these matters are expected to have a material effect on the results of operations or financial conditions of the
Company.
b. Environmental Matters
The Company’s mining and exploration activities are subject to various laws and regulations governing the protection
of the environment. These laws and regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive.
The Company conducts its operations so as to protect the public health and environment and believes its operations
are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in all material respects. The Company has made, and expects
to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations, but cannot predict the full amount of
such future expenditures.
Estimated future reclamation costs are based on the extent of work required and the associated costs are dependent
on the requirements of relevant authorities and the Company’s environmental policies. As of December 31, 2018,
$70.6 million (December 31, 2017 - $65.4 million) was accrued for reclamation costs relating to mineral properties.
See also Note 17.
c.
Income Taxes
The Company operates in numerous countries around the world and accordingly it is subject to, and pays annual
income taxes under the various income tax regimes in the countries in which it operates. Some of these tax regimes
are defined by contractual agreements with the local government, and others are defined by the general corporate
income tax laws of the country. The Company has historically filed, and continues to file, all required income tax
returns and to pay the taxes reasonably determined to be due. The tax rules and regulations in many countries are
highly complex and subject to interpretation. From time to time, the Company is subject to a review of its historic
income tax filings and in connection with such reviews, disputes can arise with the taxing authorities over the
interpretation or application of certain rules to the Company’s business conducted within the country involved.
d. Law changes in Argentina
Under the previous political regime in Argentina, the government intensified the use of severe price, foreign exchange,
and import controls in response to unfavourable domestic economic trends. These included informal restrictions on
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
128
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
dividend, interest, and service payments abroad and limitations on the ability to convert ARS into USD, exposing the
Company to additional risks of ARS devaluation and high domestic inflation. The new federal government elected in
2015 has eased many of the previously instituted controls and restrictions, but it is unknown whether these changes
will be lasting, and in September 2018, it introduced a new export duty on silver and gold doré exported from Argentina.
The duty is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2020. However, for the period from September to December 2018,
we paid approximately $1.6 million in export duties, representing an average rate for the export duty of approximately
8%.
e. Political changes in Bolivia
On May 28, 2014, the Bolivian government enacted Mining Law No. 535 (the “New Mining Law”). Among other
things, the New Mining Law has established a new Bolivian mining authority to provide principal mining oversight
(varying the role of COMIBOL) and sets out a number of new economic and operational requirements relating to state
participation in mining projects. Further, the New Mining Law provides that all pre-existing contracts are to migrate
to one of several new forms of agreement within a prescribed period of time. As a result, we anticipate that our
current joint venture agreement with COMIBOL relating to the San Vicente mine will be subject to migration to a new
form of agreement and may require renegotiation of some terms in order to conform to the New Mining Law
requirements. We are assessing the potential impacts of the New Mining Law on our business and are awaiting further
regulatory developments, but the primary effects on the San Vicente operation and our interest therein will not be
known until such time as we have, if required to do so, renegotiated the existing contract, and the full impact may
only be realized over time. In the meantime, we understand that pre-existing agreements will be respected during
the period of migration and we will take appropriate steps to protect and, if necessary, enforce our rights under our
existing agreement with COMIBOL. There is, however, no guarantee that governmental actions, including possible
expropriation or additional changes in the law, and the migration of our contract will not impact our involvement in
the San Vicente operation in an adverse way and such actions could have a material adverse effect on us and our
business.
f. Other Legal Matters
The Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the
ordinary course of business activities, many of them relating to ex-employees. Each of these matters is subject to
various uncertainties and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved unfavorably to the Company. The
Company establishes provisions for matters that are probable and can be reasonably estimated, included within
current liabilities, and amounts are not considered material.
In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or un-asserted
claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company and its legal counsel evaluate the perceived merits of any
legal proceedings or un-asserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected
to be sought. In the opinion of management there are no claims expected to have a material effect on the results of
operations or financial condition of the Company.
g. Title Risk
Although the Company has taken steps to verify title to properties in which it has an interest, these procedures do
not guarantee the Company’s title. Property title may be subject to, among other things, unregistered prior agreements
or transfers and may be affected by undetected defects.
h. Royalty Agreements and Participation Agreements
The Company has various royalty agreements on certain mineral properties entitling the counterparties to the
agreements to receive payments per terms as summarized below. Royalty liabilities incurred on acquisitions of
properties are netted against the mineral property while royalties that become payable upon production are expensed
at the time of sale of the production.
As part of the arrangement closed with Maverix on July 11, 2016 (Note 13), Maverix acquired from the Company a
portfolio of royalties, precious metals streams and payment agreements, in exchange for a 54% interest in Maverix
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
129
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
(40% fully diluted as at December 31, 2018). The key portfolio assets included the economic equivalent of one hundred
percent (100%) of the gold produced from Pan American’s operating La Colorada silver mine, less a fixed price of US
$650 per ounce for the life of the mine, as well as an agreement to purchase five percent (5%) of future gold production
at a fixed price of US$450 per ounce from the feasibility stage La Bolsa project. The portfolio also included, among
others, a net smelter returns royalty of one percent (1%) on the Pico Machay project that is currently owned by Pan
American.
In the province of Chubut, Argentina which is the location of the Company’s Navidad property, there is a provincial
royalty of 3% of the “Operating Income”. Operating income is defined as revenue minus production costs (not including
mining costs), treatment and transportation charges. Refer below to the Navidad project section below for further
details.
In September 2018, the government of Argentina introduced a new export duty of 12% to be applied on the export
of goods from Argentina until December 31, 2020. In general, the duty is capped at ARS 4 per USD $1 of gold dore
exported, and at ARS 3 per USD $1 of silver dore exported. For the period from September to December 2018, the
Company paid approximately $1.6 million in export duties.
As part of the 2009 Aquiline transaction, the Company issued a replacement convertible debenture that allowed the
holder to convert the debenture into either 363,854 Common Shares or a silver stream contract with Aquiline
Resources Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The holder subsequently selected the silver stream contract
related to certain production from the Navidad project. The final contract for the alternative is being discussed and
pending the final resolution to this alternative, the Company continues to classify the fair value calculated at the
acquisition of this alternative, as a deferred credit as disclosed in Note 19.
Manantial Espejo mine
Production from the Manantial Espejo property is subject to royalties to be paid to Barrick Gold Corp. according to
the following: (i) $0.60 per metric tonne of ore mined from the property and fed to process at a mill or leaching facility
to a maximum of 1 million tonnes; and (ii) one-half of one percent (0.5%) of net smelter returns derived from the
production of minerals from the property. In addition, the Company has negotiated a royalty equal to 3.0% of operating
cash flow payable to the Province of Santa Cruz.
San Vicente mine
Pursuant to an option agreement entered into with COMIBOL, a Bolivian state mining company, with respect to the
development of the San Vicente property, the Company is obligated to pay COMIBOL a participation fee of 37.5% (the
“Participation Fee”) of the operation’s cash flow. Once full commercial production of San Vicente began, the
Participation Fee was reduced by 75% until the Company recovered its investment in the property. The Participation
Fee has now reverted back to the original percentage. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred
approximately $4.8 million in COMIBOL royalties (2017 - incurred $8.5 million).
A royalty is also payable to EMUSA, a former partner of the Company on the project. The royalty is a 2% net smelter
return royalty (as per the Agreement) payable only after the Company has recovered its capital investment in the
project and only when the average price of silver in a given financial quarter is $9.00 per ounce or greater. For the
year ended December 31, 2018 the royalties paid to EMUSA amounted to approximately $0.7 million (2017 - $0.9
million).
In December 2007, the Bolivian government introduced a new mining royalty that affects the San Vicente project.
The royalty is applied to gross metal value of sales (before smelting and refining deductions) and the royalty percentage
is a sliding scale depending on metal prices. At current metal prices, the royalty is 6% for silver metal value and 5%
for zinc and copper metal value of sales. The royalty is income tax deductible. For the year ended December 31, 2018
the royalty amounted to $4.4 million (2017 - $5.0 million).
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
130
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
Dolores mine
Production from the Dolores mine is subject to underlying net smelter return royalties comprised of 2% on silver
production and 3.25% on gold production. These royalties are payable to Royal Gold Inc. and were effective in full as
of May 1, 2009, on the commencement of commercial production at the Dolores mine. The royalties to Royal Gold
amounted to approximately $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017 – $5.5 million).
Navidad project
As a result of uncertainty over the zoning, regulatory and tax laws which will ultimately apply, the Company has
temporarily suspended project development activities at Navidad. The Company remains committed to the
development of Navidad and to contributing to the positive economic and social development of the province of
Chubut upon the adoption of a favorable legislative framework.
30. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company’s related parties include its subsidiaries, associates over which it exercises significant influence, and
key management personnel. During its normal course of operation, the Company enters into transactions with its
related parties for goods and services. All related party transactions for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
have been disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. Transactions with Maverix, an associate of the
Company, have been disclosed in Note 13 of these consolidated financial statements.
These transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which is the
amount of consideration established and agreed to by the parties.
Compensation of key management personnel
The remuneration of directors and other members of key management personnel during the year were as follows:
Short-term benefits
Share-based payments
31. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Tahoe Resources Inc. ("Tahoe") Acquisition
2018
13,863
2,446
16,309
$
$
2017
10,175
2,235
12,410
$
$
On February 22, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Tahoe.
Each Tahoe shareholder had the right to elect to receive either $3.40 in cash (the "Cash Election") or 0.2403 of a
Common Share (the "Share Election") for each Tahoe share, subject in each case to pro-ration based on a maximum
cash consideration of $275 million and a maximum number of Common Shares issued of 56.0 million. Tahoe
shareholders who did not make an election by the election deadline were deemed to have made the Share Election.
Holders of 23,661,084 Tahoe shares made the Cash Election and received all cash consideration in the amount of
$3.40 per Tahoe share. The holders of 290,226,406 Tahoe shares that made or were deemed to have made, the Share
Election were subject to pro-ration, and received consideration of approximately $0.67 in cash and 0.1929 of a
Common Share per Tahoe share.
In addition, Tahoe shareholders received contingent consideration in the form of one contingent value right ("CVR")
for each Tahoe share. Each CVR will be exchanged for 0.0497 of a Common Share upon first commercial shipment of
concentrate following restart of operations at the Escobal mine. The CVRs are transferable and have a term of 10
years.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
131
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
(Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares,
options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
As a result of the acquisition of Tahoe, the Company paid $275 million in cash, issued 55,990,512 Common Shares,
and issued 313,887,490 CVRs. After this share issuance, Pan American shareholders owned approximately 73%, while
former Tahoe shareholders owned approximately 27%, of the shares of the combined company. The Company has
determined that this transaction represents a business combination with Pan American identified as the acquirer.
Based on the February 21, 2019 closing share price of Common Shares, the total consideration of the acquisition is
approximately $1.1 billion. We began consolidating the operating results, cash flows and net assets of Tahoe from
February 22, 2019 onwards.
Tahoe is a mid-tier publicly traded precious metals mining company with ownership interests in a diverse portfolio
of mines and projects including the following principle mines: Timmins West and Bell Creek in Canada; La Arena and
Shahuindo in Peru; and Escobal in Guatamela. The Escobal mine's operations have been suspended since June 2017.
As the transaction closed in February 2019, the initial allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities
acquired is not complete. The main areas under consideration are the values attributable to the mineral interests of
each of the mines acquired. We will disclose a preliminary purchase price allocation in our first quarter 2019 condensed
consolidated interim financial statements.
Acquisition related costs incurred in 2018 amounted to $10.2 million have been expensed and are presented as
transaction costs as at December 31, 2018.
Authorized Share Capital
In January 2019, the Company obtained shareholder approval to increase its authorized share capital from 200 million
to 400 million Common Shares without par value.
Credit Facility Renewal and Advance
The Company's four-year, $300.0 million secured revolving credit facility that matures on April 15, 2020 (the “Credit
Facility”) remained undrawn as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the Company was in compliance
with all covenants required by the Credit Facility. In February 2019, as part of the acquisition of Tahoe, the Company
amended and extended its Credit Facility. The facility has been increased by $200.0 million to $500.0 million, and
matures on February 1, 2023. At Pan American's option, amounts can be drawn under the revolving facility and will
incur interest based on the Company's leverage ratio at either (i) LIBOR plus 1.875% to 2.750% or; (ii) The Bank of Nova
Scotia's Base Rate on U.S. dollar denominated commercial loans plus 0.875% to 1.750%. Undrawn amounts under
the revolving facility are subject to a stand-by fee of 0.4219% to 0.6188% per annum, dependent on the Company's
leverage ratio. The Company drew down US$301 million under the Credit Facility, under LIBOR-based interest rates
to fund, in part, the cash purchase price under the Tahoe arrangement and to repay, in full, and cancel Tahoe's second
amended and restated revolving facility, under which US$125 million had been drawn.
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
132
CORPORATE INFORMATION
CORPORATE OFFICE
1440 - 625 Howe Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V6C 2T6
604-684-1175
info@panamericansilver.com
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Ross J. Beaty – Chairman
Michael Carroll
Neil de Gelder
Charles Jeannes
Kevin McArthur
David Press
Walter Segsworth
Michael Steinmann
Gillian Winckler
EXECUTIVE TEAM
Michael Steinmann – President & Chief
Executive Officer
Steve Busby – Chief Operating Officer
Robert Doyle – Chief Financial Officer
Christopher Lemon – General Counsel
Andres Dasso – Senior Vice President,
Mining Operations
George Greer – Senior Vice President,
Project Development
Sean McAleer – Senior Vice President,
Corporate Affairs
Martin Wafforn – Senior Vice President,
Technical Services & Process Optimization
Christopher Emerson – Vice President,
Business Development & Geology
AUDITORS
Deloitte LLP, Chartered
Professional Accountants
2800 – 1055 Dunsmuir Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V7X 1P4
REGISTRAR AND
TRANSFER AGENT
Computershare Investor Services Inc.
100 University Ave. 9th Floor
Toronto, Ontario
Canada M5J 2Y1
1-800-564-6253
service@computershare.com
EXTERNAL LEGAL COUNSEL
Borden Ladner Gervais LLP
1200 – 200 Burrard Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V7X 1T2
SHARE INFORMATION
NASDAQ: PAAS
TSX: PAAS
Common shares outstanding
at Dec. 31, 2018: 153.3 million
INVESTOR CONTACT
Siren Fisekci
Vice President, Investor Relations
and Corporate Communications
T: (604) 684-1175
E: ir@panamericansilver.com
ANNUAL MEETING
Wednesday, May 8th, 2019 – 3:00pm (PST)
Fairmont Waterfront Hotel, Malaspina Room
900 Canada Place Way
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V6C 3L5
Celebrating 25 Years
panamericansilver.com
Morococha Mine, Peru – Pan American created a wetland at its Morococha mine in Peru as an
alternative to a traditional tailings storage facility. This innovative approach involves planting vegetation
and the subaquatic deposit of tailings as a natural alternative for the remediation of mine tailings.
photo: